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77afc39d809609f4296a83321e0e42e6	Bruce Springsteen was a Kennedy Center Honors recipient in 2009.	[ { "docid": "ab6e31466534be04fdda5d9a5456b610", "text": "Bruce Springsteen Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen ( born September 23 , 1949 ) is an American singer-songwriter . He is known for his work with the E Street Band . Nicknamed `` The Boss '' , Springsteen is widely known for his brand of poetic lyrics , Americana , working class and sometimes political sentiments centered on his native New Jersey , his distinctive voice , and his lengthy and energetic stage performances -- with concerts from the 1970s to the present decade running at up to four hours in length . Springsteen 's recordings have included both commercially accessible rock albums and more somber folk-oriented works . His most successful studio albums , Born to Run ( 1975 ) and Born in the U.S.A. ( 1984 ) , find pleasures in the struggles of daily American life . He has sold more than 120 million records worldwide and more than 64 million records in the United States , making him one of the world 's best-selling artists of all time . He has earned numerous awards for his work , including 20 Grammy Awards , two Golden Globes , and an Academy Award as well as being inducted into both the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame in 1999 . In 2009 , Springsteen was a Kennedy Center Honors recipient , in 2013 was named MusiCares person of the year and in 2016 was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom . He married Patti Scialfa in 1991 , and the couple have had three children -- Evan James , Jessica Rae and Sam Ryan .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a7857cf9768ff317f8d4c517ab2b4b13", "text": "America: A Tribute to Heroes America : A Tribute to Heroes was a benefit concert created by the heads of the four major American broadcast networks ; Fox , ABC , NBC and CBS . Joel Gallen was selected by them to produce and run the show . Actor George Clooney organized celebrities to perform and to staff the telephone bank . The marketing and public relations was headed by Warner Bros. . EVP Corp Comm with assistance from the marketing and publicity departments of all four broadcast networks . It was broadcast live by the four major American television networks and all of the cable networks in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001 . Done in the style of a telethon , it featured a number of national and international entertainers performing to raise money for the victims and their families , particularly the New York City firefighters and New York City police officers . It aired September 21 , 2001 , uninterrupted and commercial-free , for which it won a Peabody Award . It was released on December 4 , 2001 , on compact disc and DVD . On a dark stage illuminated by hundreds of candles , twenty-one artists performed songs of mourning and hope , while various actors and other celebrities delivered short spoken messages . The musical performances took place at three studios in Los Angeles ( CBS Television City ) , New York , and London , while the celebrity messages took place at Los Angeles . Some of the musicians including Neil Young and Eddie Vedder were heard working the phone banks taking pledges . The money raised amounted to over $ 200 million , and was given to the United Way 's September 11 Telethon Fund . In 2004 , Rolling Stone magazine selected this concert , along with the later The Concert for New York City , as one of the 50 moments that changed rock and roll . The show was also simulcast in Canada ; Young and another Canadian singer , Celine Dion , performed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7ae2bd0091215e696fb463910979011", "text": "Downbound Train `` Downbound Train '' is a song that appears on the 1984 Bruce Springsteen album Born in the U.S.A. . The song is a lament to a lost spouse , and takes on a melancholy tone . Author Christopher Sandford described the song as beginning `` like a Keith Richards ' riff '' that ultimately moves to `` one of those great country busted-heart lines , ` Now I work down at the car wash/where all it ever does is rain . ' '' The song was recorded in March or April 1982 at the Power Station in one of the first sessions for the Born in the U.S.A. album . Like several other Born in the U.S.A. songs , including `` Working on the Highway '' and the title track , a solo acoustic version of `` Downbound Train '' was originally recorded on the demo that eventually became the Nebraska album . Though it was not one of the seven singles released from the album , the song nevertheless gained some album-oriented rock radio airplay and was featured fairly regularly on the Born in the U.S.A. Tour . It has been performed sporadically in tours since . Overall , the song has been played in concert about 130 times through 2008 . Author Robert Kirkpatrick contended that `` Downbound Train '' `` might be the best song on the album '' , and Debby Bull called it `` the saddest song -LSB- Springsteen -RSB- 's ever written . '' But Springsteen biographer Dave Marsh , writing in Glory Days , did not agree , calling `` Downbound Train '' `` the weakest song -LSB- Springsteen -RSB- 's released since the second album , ... incredibly sloppy ... The protagonist 's three jobs in five verses are only symptomatic of its problems . '' Other observers analysed it in retrospect as a harbinger , with naturalistic imagery lacing the song throughout in an approach that Springsteen would return to heavily in his Dylan - `` Series of Dreams '' - influenced early 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6094ddde1550d35a8d4ce3bd040301ac", "text": "Bruce Kulick Bruce Howard Kulick ( born December 12 , 1953 ) is an American guitarist , musician and since 2000 a member of the band Grand Funk Railroad . Previously , Kulick had been a long-time member of the band Kiss ( 1984-1996 ) . He was also a member of Union with John Corabi from 1997-2002 . Bruce is Jewish and also went to Hebrew school . In addition , he is also known for being a former member of the band Blackjack with Michael Bolton , and also played on several Bolton solo albums . ( Bolton later co-wrote the Kiss song `` Forever '' , from Hot in the Shade ) . Kulick has also released several solo albums , in addition to session work with various artists . Kulick 's brother is session guitarist/producer Bob Kulick , whose performance credits include W.A.S.P. and Kiss . `` Stay '' , a Blackjack song co-written by Kulick and Bolton , was sampled by rapper Jay Z for the song `` A Dream '' off his 2002 album The Blueprint 2 : The Gift & the Curse which reached # 1 on the Billboard charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "720c3a351e474420181e62cf4dde4125", "text": "The Ghost of Tom Joad The Ghost of Tom Joad is the eleventh studio album , and the second acoustic album , by American recording artist Bruce Springsteen . The album was released on November 21 , 1995 , through Columbia Records . The album was recorded and mixed at Thrill Hill West , Springsteen 's home studio in Los Angeles , California . Following the 1995 studio reunion with the E Street Band and the release of Greatest Hits , Springsteen 's writing activity increased significantly . He wrote and recorded the album between March and September 1995 . The album consists of seven solo tracks and five band tracks . The Ghost of Tom Joad debuted at number 11 on the US Billboard 200 chart , with 107,000 copies sold in its first week . The album won the 1997 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "142ec14b76447e7ef4d8c25467658029", "text": "Somerville Theatre The Somerville Theatre is an independent movie theater and concert venue in the Davis Square neighborhood of Somerville , Massachusetts , United States . Over one hundred years old , the Somerville Theatre started off as a vaudeville house and movie theater . The theater has since transitioned and now operates as a live music venue and first-run movie theater . As a music venue , the theater has played host to many historic concerts , including the first of the two Last Dispatch concerts , two shows by Bruce Springsteen in 2003 , and a performance by U2 in 2009 . Recent live performances have included Ryan Adams & the Cardinals , Cursive , Norah Jones , The Jonas Brothers , Joan Baez , and the John Butler Trio . The building also hosts the Somerville branch of the Museum of Bad Art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1ba4feb88668dbc66e29e4222dffbbd", "text": "Human Rights Now! Human Rights Now ! was a worldwide tour of twenty benefit concerts on behalf of Amnesty International that took place over six weeks in 1988 . Held not to raise funds but to increase awareness of both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on its 40th anniversary and the work of Amnesty International , the shows featured Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band , Sting , Peter Gabriel , Tracy Chapman , and Youssou N'Dour , plus guest artists from each of the countries where concerts were held . Human rights activists and former prisoners of conscience from around the world , led by Sonny Venkatrathnam from South Africa , participated in the tour . At each location , the artists and Amnesty leaders held a press conference to discuss human rights , and concert-goers were provided with copies of the Universal Declaration in their language and opportunities to sign the Declaration themselves and join the worldwide human rights movement . The tour was made possible in part by a grant from the Reebok Foundation . The twenty concerts were the second stage of what subsequently became known collectively as the Human Rights Concerts - a series of music events and tours staged by the US Section of Amnesty International between 1986-1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac972e9b0d6e06a2303128be9c05f89a", "text": "Arizona State University, Tempe 1980 Arizona State University , Tempe 1980 is a live album by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band , released in December 2015 and was the ninth official release through the Bruce Springsteen Archives . The songs were performed on November 5 , 1980 at the ASU Activity Center in Tempe , Arizona during The River Tour . Unlike previous archive releases which contain full concerts , this ten song collection includes only the songs that were missing from the live concert video release on Springsteen 's 2015 box set , The Ties That Bind : The River Collection . The concert is available as a digital download at http://live.brucespringsteen.net .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c619d2293ba377f5ba5c0116f39a3ff", "text": "VSA (Kennedy Center) VSA , is an international organization on arts , education and disability , which was founded in 1974 by former U.S. Ambassador to Ireland Jean Kennedy Smith , and is headquartered in Washington , DC . In 2011 , VSA became the Department of VSA and Accessibility at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts . The purpose of VSA -- which started out as Very Special Arts -- is `` to provide people of all ages living with disabilities the opportunity to learn through , participate in and enjoy the arts . '' A primary focus is on arts education opportunities for young people with disabilities and to `` promote the inclusion of people with disabilities in the arts , education and culture around the world . '' Each year , people of all ages and abilities participate in VSA programs , which cover all artistic genres -- music , dance , visual arts , theater and literary arts . This is accomplished through a network of affiliates in 52 countries and VSA state organizations across America . On September 28 , 2005 the Board of Trustees of the Kennedy Center and the Board of Directors of VSA arts -- as the organization was known at the time -- announced their formal affiliation , effective October 3 , 2005 . The stated purpose of this action was to `` enable both organizations to expand and strengthen their arts education programs to better serve children , families and all people with disabilities around the world . '' Other reasons cited were to allow for the sharing of resources and programming between the two organizations . The affiliation became a full merger in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4eeaeac61dcb412fc7a36bc56de61a35", "text": "Intersections (1985–2005) Bruce Hornsby 's Intersections ( 1985 -- 2005 ) is a 4 CD / 1 DVD retrospective boxed set . The tracks are a mixture of previously unreleased live recordings , unreleased studio recordings , and album cuts . The boxed set 's title emphasizes the large number of musical collaborations Hornsby has embarked upon during his career , as evidenced by the list of collaborators below . The discs are thematically broken into three categories : `` Top 90 Time , '' `` Solo Piano , Tribute Records , Country-Bluegrass , Movie Scores , '' and `` By Request ( Favorites and Best Songs ) '' ( two CDs ) . A full third of the music is previously unreleased ; many familiar tracks are presented as unreleased live versions rather than the original studio recordings , and the majority of the remaining tracks are from single b-sides , collaborations and/or tribute albums and movie soundtracks . Some noteworthy collaborations include a piano-and-saxophone duet with Ornette Coleman and a performance with Roger Waters of Pink Floyd 's `` Comfortably Numb . '' The set also offers a number of excellent examples of Hornsby 's re-inventiveness with his own compositions , particularly in a live setting , for instance three different versions of `` The Valley Road '' are included -- a live `` bluesy funk '' version with the Noise Makers , a Grammy-winning bluegrass version with the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band , and `` a loose and sloppy but totally grooving boogie '' take with the Grateful Dead . Critics have said that Hornsby 's particular integrations of different musical genres , and his passion for reinventing his own compositions , create a kind of music many might `` never hear '' otherwise as it is `` a kind of music no one else is making . '' `` Song H '' was a new composition that was nominated for Best Pop Instrumental at the 2007 Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44f27bf7b4b9d06b304a0c8c6d573ca2", "text": "LA Sports Arena, California 1988 LA Sports Arena , California 1988 is a live album by Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band with The Horns of Love , released in July 2015 and the sixth official release through the Bruce Springsteen Archives . The show was originally recorded live at the Los Angeles Sports Arena in Los Angeles , California on April 23 , 1988 during the Tunnel of Love Express . The concert is available on CD and digital download at http://live.brucespringsteen.net .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53aa532839a21b6b3ad7ea06f03dd326", "text": "Sinatra: New York Sinatra : New York is a 2009 box set album of live performances by the American singer Frank Sinatra , recorded in New York City . New York , both at the Carnegie Hall , and at Madison Square Garden . The first disc captures two live performances from 1955 and 1963 , disc two and three are from the Carnegie Hall and from Madison Square Garden in 1974 . The final two discs are from the 1980s , with disc five a previously unreleased DVD of a June 25 , 1980 performance at the Carnegie Hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcc4ba6118d43f85c6154a44f2ac9ce7", "text": "John Mellencamp John J Mellencamp ( born October 7 , 1951 ) , also known as John Cougar Mellencamp , is an American musician , singer-songwriter , painter , and actor . He is known for his catchy , populist brand of heartland rock , which emphasizes traditional instrumentation . Mellencamp rose to superstardom in the 1980s while `` honing an almost startlingly plainspoken writing style that , starting in 1982 , yielded a string of Top 10 singles , '' including `` Hurts So Good , '' `` Jack & Diane , '' `` Crumblin ' Down , '' `` Pink Houses , '' `` Lonely Ol' Night , '' `` Small Town , '' `` R.O.C.K. in the U.S.A. , '' `` Paper in Fire , '' and `` Cherry Bomb . '' He has amassed 22 Top 40 hits in the United States . In addition , he holds the record for the most tracks by a solo artist to hit number one on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart , with seven , and has been nominated for 13 Grammy Awards , winning one . Mellencamp released his latest album , Sad Clowns & Hillbillies , on April 28 , 2017 , to widespread critical acclaim . Mellencamp is also one of the founding members of Farm Aid , an organization that began in 1985 with a concert in Champaign , Illinois , to raise awareness about the loss of family farms and to raise funds to keep farm families on their land . Farm Aid concerts have remained an annual event over the past 32 years , and as of 2017 the organization has raised over $ 50 million to promote a strong and resilient family farm system of agriculture . Mellencamp was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 10 , 2008 . His biggest musical influences are Bob Dylan , Woody Guthrie , James Brown , Buddy Holly and the Rolling Stones . Said longtime Rolling Stone contributor Anthony DeCurtis : `` Mellencamp has created an important body of work that has earned him both critical regard and an enormous audience . His songs document the joys and struggles of ordinary people seeking to make their way , and he has consistently brought the fresh air of common experience to the typically glamour-addled world of popular music . '' The late Billboard magazine editor-in-chief Timothy White said in 2001 : Johnny Cash called Mellencamp `` one of the 10 best songwriters '' in music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06f49e8383f56441cefdbb4cfff2d61a", "text": "I'm Goin' Down `` I 'm Goin ' Down '' is a song written and performed by American singer Bruce Springsteen that was released as the sixth single from his album Born in the U.S.A. in August 1985 . The song is one of several of the album 's tracks that he recorded with the E Street Band in May 1982 at the Power Station music studio . The release of these full-band tracks was put into question when Springsteen used solo material for his September 1982 LP , Nebraska , and considered doing the same for his next album , which would become Born in the U.S.A. . He later decided to use several of the May 1982 recordings on Born in the U.S.A. `` I 'm Goin ' Down '' beat out contender `` Pink Cadillac '' for a spot on the album . `` I 'm Goin ' Down '' , which features a prominent drum performance and possesses an energetic feel , deals with the frustration of diminishing sexual activity in romantic relationships . As a single , it reached No. 9 in the United States and the top 40 in Sweden , Canada , and Italy . The song , which has received positive appraisal from critics , has not been performed often by Springsteen since his Born in the U.S.A. Tour ; between 2009 and 2014 , he played it at less than 12 percent of his concerts whose set lists his official website has published . Cover versions of `` I 'm Goin ' Down '' include renditions by Frank Black and the Catholics , Free Energy , Vampire Weekend , Dessa , and Trampled by Turtles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "971e5f6797ce441932a881cbb185cf67", "text": "The Joshua Tree The Joshua Tree is the fifth studio album by Irish rock band U2 . It was produced by Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno , and was released on 9 March 1987 on Island Records . In contrast to the ambient experimentation of their 1984 release , The Unforgettable Fire , the band aimed for a harder-hitting sound within the limitation of conventional song structures on The Joshua Tree . The album is influenced by American and Irish roots music , and through sociopolitically conscious lyrics embellished with spiritual imagery , it contrasts the group 's antipathy for the `` real America '' with their fascination with the `` mythical America '' . Inspired by American tour experiences , literature , and politics , U2 chose America as a theme for the record . Recording began in January 1986 in Ireland , and to foster a relaxed , creative atmosphere , the group primarily recorded in two houses . Several events during the sessions helped shape the conscious tone of the album , including the band 's participation in the Conspiracy of Hope benefit concerts for Amnesty International , the death of roadie Greg Carroll , and lead vocalist Bono 's travels to Central America . Recording was completed in November 1986 ; additional production continued into January 1987 . Throughout the sessions , U2 sought a `` cinematic '' quality for the record , one that would evoke a sense of location , in particular , the open spaces of the United States . They represented this in the sleeve photography depicting them in American desert landscapes . The Joshua Tree received critical acclaim , topped the charts in over 20 countries , and became the fastest-selling album in British history . According to Rolling Stone , the album increased the band 's stature `` from heroes to superstars '' . It produced the hit singles `` With or Without You '' , `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' , and `` Where the Streets Have No Name '' , the first two of which became the group 's only number-one singles in the US . The album won Grammy Awards for Album of the Year and Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1988 . The group supported the record with the Joshua Tree Tour throughout 1987 . Frequently featured on critics ' lists of the greatest records , The Joshua Tree is one of the world 's best-selling albums , with over 25 million copies sold . U2 commemorated the record 's 20th anniversary with a remastered re-release , and its 30th anniversary with announcements of an anniversary concert tour and reissue . In 2014 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the US Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f089085215ac75c6d641ef15f11ccbf", "text": "Bruce Haley Bruce Haley ( born 16 January 1957 , Alameda , California ) is the recipient of the Robert Capa Gold Medal , one of the most prestigious photography awards , for his 1990 coverage of Burma ` s bloody ethnic civil war . He began his career in 1988 , in Afghanistan and went on to photograph areas of conflict in Asia , Africa , Europe and the former Soviet Union . His images of a grisly execution by stabbing in Burma were particularly noteworthy . He was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize by the Baltimore Sun in 1992 , for helping to break the story of the famine in Somalia . Later , he transitioned to non-military subjects . Haley ` s photographs have appeared worldwide in books , magazines and newspapers , as well as in corporate publications and on CD , video and DVD covers ; his clients include Time Life , U.S. News and World Report , The London Sunday Times Magazine , Stern , Paris Match , GEO , Aperture , Georgia-Pacific and the Chevron Corporation . Profiles to Haley and his work , have appeared in American PHOTO , ( French ) PHOTO and B&W . His portfolio , `` 13 Million Tons of Pig Iron , '' was # 1 on the Photo-Eye Bestseller List . Haley ` s exhibition prints have been shown in museums and galleries all over the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6760042fe6ad26d6d86f3466aa2ad4c7", "text": "Kennedy Center Honors The Kennedy Center Honors is an annual honor given to those in the performing arts for their lifetime of contributions to American culture ( though recipients do not need to be U.S. citizens ) . The Honors have been presented annually since 1978 , culminating each December in a star-studded gala celebrating the Honorees in the Kennedy Center Opera House .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c9f5f24c9229ece0c25a0fc1d2cf1de", "text": "The Angel (song) `` The Angel '' is a song by Bruce Springsteen from the album Greetings from Asbury Park , N.J. in 1973 . It was also released as the B-side to Springsteen 's `` Blinded by the Light '' single . The song was part of the demo that Springsteen recorded for John Hammond of CBS Records in advance of getting his first recording contract . At the time Greetings from Asbury Park , N.J. was released , Springsteen considered it his most sophisticated song . It has had very few live performances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a3ee167dd426c18fae25db3affa46fa", "text": "Tunnel of Love (album) Tunnel of Love is the eighth studio album by Bruce Springsteen , released on October 9 , 1987 . Although members of the E Street Band occasionally performed on the album , Springsteen recorded most of the parts himself , often with drum machines and synthesizers . Although the album 's liner notes list the E Street Band members under that name , Shore Fire Media , Springsteen 's public relations firm , does not count it as an E Street Band album and 2002 's The Rising was advertised as `` his first studio album with the E Street Band since Born in the U.S.A. '' ' '' . In 1989 , the album was ranked # 25 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the `` 100 Best Albums of the Eighties '' while in 2003 , Rolling Stone '' ranked it at # 467 on their list of the 500 greatest albums of all time . `` Brilliant Disguise '' , `` Tunnel of Love '' , `` One Step Up '' , `` Tougher Than the Rest '' , and `` Spare Parts '' were all released as singles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5887bf4536e3e9d113ecafcf355f517", "text": "Elvis Presley's guitars Elvis Presley 's guitars were a major component of the iconic rock and roll image created by Elvis Presley that revolutionized popular culture in the 1950s and 1960s . It is impossible to gauge the impact of that image on millions of young people around the world who were inspired to learn to play guitar after watching Presley in performance , on television , or in films . Although not known for his abilities as a guitarist , Presley had a profound musical influence on some of the most important rock and roll artists to emerge since the 1950s , including Buddy Holly , John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , Bob Dylan , and Bruce Springsteen . The extent of Presley 's impact on their lives and music is captured in John Lennon 's famous quote : `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' According to his first lead guitarist , Scotty Moore , Presley was not `` an accomplished musician '' , yet he possessed `` an uncanny and amazing sense of timing and rhythm . '' In the early years of his career , Presley 's rhythm guitar accompaniment played a major role in the sound of his early performances and recordings . Moore noted that as Presley began to learn to move on stage and to work the audience with his physical performance , his guitar became more of a `` prop '' . Presley was not known to treat his instruments in a gentle manner . His very aggressive strumming style would frequently break strings during his performances . The lack of a microphone on his guitar throughout those years contributed to the development of his `` aggressive style in attempt to be heard '' . As his career progressed , he became even more aggressive toward his instruments , frequently tossing his guitar to Charlie Hodge , who sometimes failed to catch it . The impact of the large belt buckles and jewelry he wore left their marks on most of his instruments .", "title": "" } ]	fever
82f8ef5a1a314c3e530ce64188d60f34	Planet of the Apes is a squid.	[ { "docid": "f8ff89d49a4352fbbaa52d660f14cd3a", "text": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film) Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner . It stars Charlton Heston , Roddy McDowall , Kim Hunter , Maurice Evans , James Whitmore , James Daly and Linda Harrison . The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel La Planète des Singes by Pierre Boulle . Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score . It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973 , all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox . The film tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-land on a strange planet in the distant future . Although the planet appears desolate at first , the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech . The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins . The script was originally written by Rod Serling , but underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began . Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached , but the film 's producer Arthur P. Jacobs , upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston , chose Franklin J. Schaffner to direct the film . Schaffner 's changes included an ape society less advanced -- and therefore less expensive to depict -- than that of the original novel . Filming took place between May 21 and August 10 , 1967 , in California , Utah and Arizona , with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell , Glen Canyon National Recreation Area . The film 's final `` closed '' cost was $ 5.8 million . The film was released on February 8 , 1968 , in the United States and was a commercial success , earning a lifetime domestic gross of $ 32.6 million . The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and was well received by critics and audiences , launching a film franchise , including four sequels , as well as a short-lived television show , animated series , comic books , and various merchandising . In particular , Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the Apes series , appearing in four of the original five films ( absent , apart from a brief voiceover , from the second film of the series , Beneath the Planet of the Apes , in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius ) , and also in the television series . The original series was followed by Tim Burton 's remake Planet of the Apes in 2001 and the reboot Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011 . Also in 2001 , Planet of the Apes was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "caec9e7da0436884672b9b6678971417", "text": "Man-Ape Man-Ape ( M'Baku ) is a fictional character , a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is depicted as a frequent enemy of the Black Panther .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9095bdb6747d16a6e7c073005ddf7b18", "text": "Primate A primate ( -LSB- ˈpraɪmeɪt -RSB- ) is a mammal of the order Primates ( Latin : `` prime , first rank '' ) . In taxonomy , primates include two distinct lineages , strepsirrhines and haplorhines . Primates arose from ancestors that lived in the trees of tropical forests ; many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging three-dimensional environment . Most primate species remain at least partly arboreal . With the exception of humans , who inhabit every continent , most primates live in tropical or subtropical regions of the Americas , Africa and Asia . They range in size from Madame Berthe 's mouse lemur , which weighs only 30 g , to the eastern gorilla , weighing over 200 kg ; that is , without taking into account the weight of particular human individuals , reaching up to 635 kg . Based on fossil evidence , the earliest known true primates , represented by the genus Teilhardina , date to 55.8 million years old . An early close primate relative known from abundant remains is the Late Paleocene Plesiadapis , c. 55 -- 58 million years old . Molecular clock studies suggest that the primate branch may be even older , originating near the Cretaceous -- Paleogene boundary or around 63 -- 74 mya . The order Primates was traditionally divided into two main groupings : prosimians and anthropoids ( simians ) . Prosimians have characteristics more like those of the earliest primates , and include the lemurs of Madagascar , lorisoids , and tarsiers . Simians include monkeys , apes and hominins . More recently , taxonomists have preferred to split primates into the suborder Strepsirrhini , or wet-nosed primates , consisting of non-tarsier prosimians , and the suborder Haplorhini , or dry-nosed primates , consisting of tarsiers and the simians . Simians are divided into two groups : catarrhine ( narrow-nosed ) monkeys and apes of Africa and Southeast Asia and platyrrhine ( `` flat-nosed '' ) or New World monkeys of South and Middle America . Catarrhines consist of Old World monkeys ( such as baboons and macaques ) , gibbons and great apes ; New World monkeys include the capuchin , howler and squirrel monkeys . Humans are the only extant catarrhines to have spread successfully outside of Africa , South Asia , and East Asia , although fossil evidence shows many other species were formerly present in Europe . New primate species are still being discovered . More than 25 species were taxonomically described in the decade of the 2000s and eleven have been described since 2010 . Considered generalist mammals , primates exhibit a wide range of characteristics . Some primates ( including some great apes and baboons ) are primarily terrestrial rather than arboreal , but all species possess adaptations for climbing trees . Locomotion techniques used include leaping from tree to tree , walking on two or four limbs , knuckle-walking , and swinging between branches of trees ( brachiation ) . Primates are characterized by large brains relative to other mammals , as well as an increased reliance on stereoscopic vision at the expense of smell , the dominant sensory system in most mammals . These features are more developed in monkeys and apes and noticeably less so in lorises and lemurs . Three-color vision has developed in some primates . Most also have opposable thumbs and some have prehensile tails . Many species are sexually dimorphic ; differences include body mass , canine tooth size , and coloration . Primates have slower rates of development than other similarly sized mammals and reach maturity later , but have longer lifespans . Depending on the species , adults may live in solitude , in mated pairs , or in groups of up to hundreds of members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ad8056937e2082cdacb9cdef3dbaac0", "text": "Project SQUID Project SQUID was a United States defense effort post-World War II effort to develop and improve pulsejet and rocket engines , run by the Office of Naval Research . It was started by discovery of the German Argus As 014 pulsejet used on the V1 buzzbomb , which was reverse-engineered as the Republic Ford JB-2 , the first American cruise missile . It produced extensive research in the areas of computational flow dynamics , and was used to improve the design of the experimental Fairchild XH-26 Jeep Jet , which used pulsejets on the rotor tips instead of a central engine . The research led to development of pulse detonation engines , which have been suggested as the engines powering the postulated Aurora spyplane .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36c787b04bafda116791fe8615a3e3a7", "text": "Journey to Venus Journey to Venus the Primeval World ; Its Wonderful Creations and Gigantic Monsters is an 1895 science fiction novel written by Gustavus W. Pope . The book was a sequel to Pope 's novel of the previous year , Journey to Mars . The Venus volume features the same hero and heroine , Lt. Frederick Hamilton , USN , and his love interest the Martian princess Suhlamia . They travel to Venus on a Martian `` ethervolt '' spacecraft . The publisher promoted the book as `` full of exciting adventures , hairbreadth escapes , and perilous vicissitudes , among primeval monsters and semi-human creatures , the episodes following each other in such breathless succession that the interest of the reader never flags . '' Modern critics have noted the book largely for its depiction of giant dinosaur-like Venusian beasts . Pope 's pair of novels on Mars and Venus ( volumes in a projected Romances of the Planets series that the author never continued ) were precursors of popular planetary adventure novels of the twentieth century by Edgar Rice Burroughs , Otis Adelbert Kline , and other writers . The original edition of Journey to Venus from Arena Publishing Co. featured sixteen illustrations by `` Miss Fairfax and Mrs. McAuley . '' The ensuing `` paper-covered '' edition reduced the illustrations to three . After the 1896 bankruptcy of Arena Publishing , Journey to Venus was reprinted in 1897 by the New York firm F. T. Neely , with the reduced number of three illustrations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9ce6631f05fa6c17b812e149b1ed8cf", "text": "Ocean Odyssey (TV series) Ocean Odyssey ( working title Oceans ) is a two-part , two-hour ( the two parts last an hour long ) television programme produced for the BBC by the production company Impossible Pictures . It follows the life of a bull sperm whale from his first deep dive until his death , stranded on a beach ( originally it was to be a voyage in a submarine ) . Unlike most Impossible Pictures productions , it uses CGI to recreate currently living rather than extinct creatures . Most of the backgrounds are also CG . Category : BBC Television programmes Category : British television miniseries", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34baa4426851b3fc47b99b20729a8c3b", "text": "Asperoteuthis acanthoderma Asperoteuthis acanthoderma is a large species of squid belonging to the family Chiroteuthidae . It is characterised by the tiny , pointed tubercules present on its skin and a Y-shaped groove in the funnel locking apparatus . The largest recorded specimen measured 78 cm in mantle length ( ML ) , although its original total length is unknown as it was missing the very delicate feeding tentacles . A smaller specimen , 45 cm ML , had tentacles 12 times the length of its mantle , giving a total length of almost 5.5 m . This makes A. acanthoderma one of the longest known cephalopods . The type specimen of A. acanthoderma was collected in the Celebes Sea and is deposited at the Zoologisk Museum of Københavns Universitet in Copenhagen . A. acanthoderma is also known from waters off the Cayman Islands , the Florida Keys , Okinawa , and Hawaii . The first known specimen from the Atlantic Ocean was found by a charter fisherman while floating in 250 m deep water off the southern coast of Key West , Florida on 20 February 2007 . It measured 73 cm ML and is thought to have been 4.9 to long when intact . Although an incomplete specimen , missing most of its tentacles , it weighed 6 kg and measured 2 m in total length . In 2007 , teuthologist Richard E. Young stated that `` probably fewer than 10 '' specimens of A. acanthoderma had ever been reported . However , since 2006 there has been an influx of new specimens from the Caribbean Basin and Atlantic . Four specimens were recorded between 2006 and 2007 ( two from the Florida Keys , one off Grand Cayman , and one off Little Cayman ) . This was followed by another specimen from Little Cayman in May 2008 and another from Grand Cayman in September 2009 . A large specimen around 2 m long was found floating at the surface off the Cayman Islands in 2013 . It was transported to the University of South Florida St. Petersburg on a Royal Caribbean cruise and later transferred to the National Museum of Natural History in Washington , D.C. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "449a17d1bfa8de703e589ab3e2c7359f", "text": "Illex illecebrosus Illex illecebrosus , commonly known as the northern shortfin squid or Boston squid , is a species of neritic squids in the family Ommastrephidae . They are found in the northwest Atlantic Ocean , from off the coast of eastern North America to Greenland , Iceland , and west of Ireland and the United Kingdom . They are a highly migratory and short-lived species , with lifespans of less than a year . They are commercially important and are fished extensively ( primarily by the United States and Canada ) , mostly for the Canadian and Japanese markets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5512e6eeb515f0c6ca1969facdd6d90", "text": "Nototodarus Nototodarus is a genus of squid . Example species in this genus include Nototodarus sloanii , a species sought for human food ; in the process of harvesting N. sloanii Australian sea lions are frequently killed , since that marine mammal preys upon this squid species . Furthermore , New Zealand arrow squid , N. sloanii , is an important food source for the endangered yellow-eyed penguin , Megadyptes antipodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8786c3c2047f9f315f2d7c1b692a700b", "text": "War for the Planet of the Apes War for the Planet of the Apes is an upcoming American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves . It is a sequel to the 2014 film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes and the third installment in the Planet of the Apes reboot series . The film stars Andy Serkis , Woody Harrelson , Steve Zahn , Amiah Miller , Karin Konoval and Terry Notary . Principal photography began on October 14 , 2015 , in Vancouver . The film is scheduled to be released in the United States on July 14 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa64471bce2d6d0dbe71865db1e0c8a3", "text": "Going Ape Going Ape is a British Television docu-soap program that is aired on the Animal Planet . The television series first aired on Tuesday 21 November 2006 at the weekly time of 21:00 running a total of thirteen episodes . The series is now in re-runs and has an irregular running format . It follows the story of 50 Chimpanzees , 26 Gorillas , seven Baboons and four Mandrills who have been orphaned by the bush meat trade in Cameroon showing the vital work of the Mefou National Park and the Limbe Wildlife Centre along with Ape Action Africa ( formerly the Cameroon Wildlife Aid Fund ) and `` In Defence of Animals - Africa '' , two charities that are dedicated to saving the primates in the region . Its narrator was Charlotte Uhlenbrook", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601c999353b05e482bdc578bda7fd3f5", "text": "38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each . In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab7c5ec66576fa7fd2cbe345d05ca462", "text": "Myopsina Myopsina is a suborder of squid containing two families : the monotypic Australiteuthidae and the diverse and commercially important Loliginidae ( ~ 50 species ) . Some taxonomists raise this group to the level of an order , in which case it is known as Myopsida . This is due to Myopsina and Oegopsina not being demonstrated to form a clade . A number of morphological features distinguish members of Myopsina from those of its sister group , Oegopsina . Some of the most obvious differences are found in the structure of the eyes : those of myopsid squids lack a secondary eyelid and are instead covered by a transparent corneal membrane , the opening of which is reduced to a microscopic anterior pore in most species . The arms and tentacles are ornamented with simple suckers ( hooks are never present ) , with additional suckers usually borne on the buccal lappets . The carpal ( `` wrist '' ) portion of the tentacular club lacks a locking apparatus , and a tentacle pocket is present on the head . The funnel has no lateral adductor muscles . An internalised shell is present in the form of a well-developed gladius , which is located dorsally within the mantle and extends for almost its entire length . In contrast to oegopsids , females possess accessory nidamental glands in addition to the main nidamental glands . They however lack a right oviduct . Myopsids are found in coastal waters worldwide . They are demersal , generally feeding on or near the bottom . Adult sizes range from the dwarf Australiteuthis and Pickfordiateuthis , whose males mature at less than 2 cm in mantle length ( ML ) , to the large Loligo forbesii , which can exceed 90 cm ML .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5dad223505ae662af876b2a93993336", "text": "Grimpoteuthis Grimpoteuthis , also called the Dumbo Octopus , is a genus of pelagic umbrella octopus that live in the deep sea . Prominent ear-like fins protrude from the mantle just above their lateral eyes . They have a U or V shaped shell in their mantle which gives them a bell shaped appearance . Some species are short , squat and yellow , while others resemble a jellyfish with one big brown walking shoe . Some have suckers , in addition to spines , on all 8 webbed arms while others look like a regular octopus with the addition of blue or other coloured `` ears '' . These octopuses are commonly nicknamed `` Dumbo octopuses '' or `` Dumbo octopods '' or even '' Dumboes '' in reference to how the ear-like fins protruding from the top of their head-like bodies resemble the ears of Walt Disney 's flying elephant Dumbo . There are at least 13 species recognized in the genus , each having a different aspect from all the others . These features could be larger ears or different colours . As these animals live at the bottom of the sea they have a very small food supply . Prey include crustaceans , bivalves , worms and copepods . The average life span of various Grimpoteuthis species is 3 to 5 years . All species of Grimpoteuthis are bathyal creatures , living at extreme depths of 3000 to with some living up to 7000 m below sea level , which is the deepest of any known octopus . They are some of the rarest of the Octopoda species . They have been found worldwide in the waters of New Zealand , Australia , Monterey Bay , Oregon , Philippines , Martha 's Vineyard , Papua New Guinea and Azores . They can flush the transparent layer of their skin at will , and are pelagic animals , as with all other cirrate octopuses . The largest Dumbo octopus ever recorded was 1.8 metres ( 5.9 ft ) in length and weighed 5.9 kg . The average size for most species is 20 -- 30 centimetres ( 7.9 -- 12 in ) in length . The average weight is still undetermined .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "003cdde508cdb95fe9d8ca06b1b6a4d2", "text": "Animat Animat ( third-person indicative present of the Latin verb animō ) , meaning to `` animate , give or bring life '' . Animats are artificial animals , a contraction of animal-materials . The term includes physical robots and virtual simulations . Animat research , a subset of Artificial Life studies , has become rather popular since Rodney Brooks ' seminal paper `` Intelligence without representation '' . The word was coined by S.W. Wilson in 1985 , in `` Knowledge growth in an artificial animal '' , published in the first Proceedings of an International Conference on Genetic Algorithms and Their Applications . An example using the Animat model as proposed by Wilson is discussed at some length in chapter 9 of Stan Franklin 's book , Artificial Minds . In this implementation , the animat is capable of independent learning about its environment through application and evolution of pattern-matching rules called `` taxons '' . In 2001 Thomas DeMarse performed studies on ` Neurally controlled animat ' . Every two years , the Society of Adaptive Behaviour meets and produces a proceedings on this topic . They also have a journal , Adaptive Behavior . Alan H Goldstein has proposed that , because nanobiotechnology is in the process of creating real animal-materials , speculative use of this term should be discouraged and its application become purely phenomenological . Based on the Animat Test ( contained in the reference `` I , Nanobot . '' ) any nonbiological material or entity that exhibits the minimum set of behaviors that define a life form is , de facto , an Animat . Goldstein 's basic premise is that in the age of nanobiotechnology it is necessary to follow the chemistry and molecular engineering rather than watching for the emergence of some pre-conceived minimum level of ` intelligence ' such as an artificial neural network capable of adaptive phenomena . Goldstein has cautioned that there is a serious disconnect between the fields of nanobiotechnology and A-life based on profound differences in scientific training , experimental systems , and the different sets of terminology ( jargon ) these two fields have produced . Nanobiotechnologists ( really molecular engineers who work with both biological and nonbiological molecules ) are generally not concerned with complex systems per se ; even when they are building molecular interconnects between such systems , e.g. neuroelectronic splices . A-Life researchers mainly take a systems-level approach . The enormous transformative power of novel molecular engineering has the potential to create Animats , true nonbiological life forms , whose relatively simple behavior would not fit into most standard A-Life paradigms . As a result , Goldstein argues , the first Animats may come into being completely unrecognized by either scientific community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c7f32647f5a52abf09c705f072e2543", "text": "Squid the Whale Squid The Whale ( formerly known as No , Really ! ) is an indie pop-rock band from Metro Detroit , Michigan . Formed in 2008 , it originally consisted of vocalist Robert Weber , guitarist Brandon Kubiac , bassist Daniel Jay Mataczynski and drummer Jonathan Wagoner . In 2010 , they released their debut album A Worrisome Voyage Through Inclement Weather . The following year , Robert Weber departed from the band and Bradley Walden joined in his place . Together , they went on to release their first EP new war . ( 2011 ) , and singles Rolling In The Deep ( Adele ) and The German Affair ( 2012 ) . In 2013 , they released the second EP Four More . Six months later , it was announced that Bradley Walden would be leaving Squid The Whale and would soon after join as the new lead vocalist for the post-hardcore band Emarosa . In 2015 , they released the EP B-Sides , which includes 3 previously unreleased songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad91180c6a1fd29f0ed72b7e9f839e58", "text": "Cephalopod size Cephalopods vary enormously in size . The smallest are only about 1 cm long and weigh less than 1 g at maturity , while the largest -- the giant and colossal squids -- can exceed 10 m in length and weigh close to half a tonne ( 0.5 tonne ) , making them the largest living invertebrates . Similarly large cephalopods are known from the fossil record , including enormous examples of ammonoids , belemnoids , nautiloids , and vampyromorphids . In terms of mass , the largest of all known cephalopods were likely the giant shelled ammonoids and endocerids . Size , and particularly maximum size , has been one of the most interesting aspects of cephalopod science to the general public . This is evidenced by the regular coverage given to the giant squid -- and more recently , the colossal squid -- in both the popular press and academic literature ( see Ellis , 1998 ; Roper & Shea , 2013 ; Paxton , 2016 ) . On account of its status as a charismatic megafauna the giant squid has been proposed as an emblematic animal for marine invertebrate conservation ( see Guerra et al. , 2011 ) . Certain cephalopod species are noted for having individual body parts of exceptional size . The giant and colossal squids , for example , have the largest known eyes among living animals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ca90d356ecf91241fb3a5dcb32511a5", "text": "Planet P Project Planet P Project is a pseudonym used by American rock musician Tony Carey for his science-fiction themed , progressive rock/space rock music . Carey has released six albums under the Planet P Project name : Planet P ( 1983 , later retitled Planet P Project ) , Pink World ( 1984 ) , Go Out Dancing , Part I ( 1931 ) ( 2005 ) , Go Out Dancing , Part II ( Levittown ) ( 2008 ) , Go Out Dancing , Part III ( Out in the Rain ) ( 2009 ) and Steeltown ( 2013 ) . Music videos for singles from the first albums received heavy to moderate airplay on MTV , when originally released . Pink World was originally a two-record set , released on bright-pink-colored vinyl . Planet P 's most well known singles were `` Why Me ? '' ( a sweeping , energetic romp about outer space and isolation ) , and the downbeat `` Static '' . Go Out Dancing , Part I ( 1931 ) is the first of the trilogy , with part two titled Go Out Dancing , Part II ( Levittown ) and part three as Go Out Dancing , Part III ( Out in the Rain ) . The project 's name was inspired from the fictional `` Planet P '' in Robert A. Heinlein 's book Starship Troopers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4de7c4a52e91882afa733fa910e79cc6", "text": "Mollusc shell The mollusc ( or molluskOften spelled mollusk shell in the USA ; the spelling `` mollusc '' are preferred by ) shell is typically a calcareous exoskeleton which encloses , supports and protects the soft parts of an animal in the phylum Mollusca , which includes snails , clams , tusk shells , and several other classes . Not all shelled molluscs live in the sea ; many live on the land and in freshwater . The ancestral mollusc is thought to have had a shell , but this has subsequently been lost or reduced on some families , such as the squid , octopus , and some smaller groups such as the caudofoveata and solenogastres , and the highly derived Xenoturbella . Today , over 100,000 living species bear a shell ; there is some dispute as to whether these shell-bearing molluscs form a monophyletic group ( conchifera ) or whether shell-less molluscs are interleaved into their family tree . Malacology , the scientific study of molluscs as living organisms , has a branch devoted to the study of shells , and this is called conchology -- although these terms used to be , and to a minor extent still are , used interchangeably , even by scientists ( this is more common in Europe ) . Within some species of molluscs , there is often a wide degree of variation in the exact shape , pattern , ornamentation , and color of the shell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aef5bac27fc3942eaafaca504a8212b", "text": "List of Planet of the Apes characters The Planet of the Apes franchise features many characters that appear in one or more works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af61beba3de3cea149cbf0c36c24cad9", "text": "Uroteuthis duvauceli Uroteuthis duvaucelii , also known as the Indian Ocean Squid or Indian Squid , is an Indo-West Pacific species of squid with a wide range throughout the Indian Ocean to Malaysia and the South China Sea , and is also present in the Red Sea and the Arabian Sea . U. duvaucelii is found at depths between 3m and 170m and feeds on fishes , crustaceans and other squids . Individuals have mantles moderately long ( commonly up to 150mm ) and slender with broad fins approximately 50 % of the mantle length . U. duvaucelii represents a significant species in commercial fisheries throughout its range . e.g. catches of squid in the Philippines Commercial Fishery are 90 % U. duvaucelii .", "title": "" } ]	fever
cb9135c6d483c46b171467037e16c087	Hayden Panettiere is a person.	[ { "docid": "b55c7f3ebb4246b158a3b823b642dc8f", "text": "Hayden Panettiere Hayden Leslie Panettiere ( born August 21 , 1989 ) is an American actress , model , singer , and activist . She is known for her roles as cheerleader Claire Bennet on the NBC sci-fi series Heroes ( 2006 -- 10 ) , Juliette Barnes in the ABC/CMT musical-drama series Nashville ( 2012 -- present ) and Kairi in the video game series Kingdom Hearts . A native of New York City , she first appeared in a commercial at the age of 11 months . She began her acting career by playing Sarah Roberts on One Life to Live ( 1994 -- 97 ) , and Lizzie Spaulding on Guiding Light ( 1996 -- 2000 ) , before starring at age 10 as Sheryl Yoast in the Disney feature film Remember the Titans . Other notable roles include her portrayal of the title character in the true crime drama Amanda Knox : Murder on Trial in Italy and Kirby Reed in the slasher film Scream 4 . She received two nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress -- Series , Miniseries or Television Film , for her work on Nashville in 2012 and 2013 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c4560eb3bc497b271b96273053107e0c", "text": "Norman Lear Center The Norman Lear Center is a multi-disciplinary research and public policy center exploring implications of the convergence of entertainment , commerce , and society . It is based at the USC Annenberg School for Communication . Through scholarship and research , and its programs of visiting fellows , conferences , public events and publications , the Lear Center works to be at the forefront of discussion and practice in the field . The Center is named for benefactor Norman Lear , the social activist and philanthropist , and television producer , and was founded and is directed by Marty Kaplan , associate dean of the USC Annenberg School , who has been a political speechwriter , Hollywood studio executive , and screenwriter-producer . The Lear Center officially launched on January 24 , 2000 . Some of the programs it houses include Entertainment Goes Global , which explores the political , cultural , economic and technological implications of the globalization of entertainment ; Celebrity , Politics & Public Life , wherein faculty and deans from over 20 USC departments convene to develop an inter-disciplinary analysis of American political life , as it is shaped by popular culture ; and Hollywood , Health & Society , which provides entertainment industry professionals with accurate and timely information for health storylines . Hollywood , Health & Society is funded by , and works closely with such governmental agencies as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , the National Institutes of Health , and the National Cancer Institute . That program hosts its annual Sentinel for Health Awards to recognize exemplary television storylines that best inform , educate and motivate viewers to make choices for healthier and safer lives . Since 2005 , the Lear Center 's Grand Avenue Intervention Project has been a driving force behind the civic outreach for the planning of a new 16 acre park in the heart of downtown Los Angeles . In partnership with the Los Angeles Times , the Lear Center solicited design proposals from the public and published a selection of them in a special section of the Times . The Lear Center 's publishing imprint has published several works of scholarship such as Artists , Technology & The Ownership of Creative Content , Warners ' War : Politics , Pop Culture & Propaganda in Wartime Hollywood , Frank Capra and the Image of the Journalist in American Film , and Ready to Share : Creativity & Fashion in Digital Culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66efcb3a90208790383339b128e07455", "text": "Phoenix Media/Communications Group Phoenix Media/Communications Group is an American , Boston , Massachusetts-based corporation with several publishing and broadcasting interests . which includes the Portland Phoenix of Maine . It had published The Boston Phoenix and Stuff magazine , both of which went out of business in 2013 , and the Providence Phoenix until its shutdown in 2014 . In addition the paper owned radio station WFNX based in Lynn , MA , from 1983 until 2012 when it was sold to Clear Channel and is now country music station WBWL ( the WFNX call letters are now on a station in Athol , MA ) . The Boston Phoenix has its origins in an alternative newsweekly started in 1966 . In 1972 , its absorbed Cambridge Phoenix , a rival publication , and the company has used the `` Phoenix '' name ever since . In 1998 , the company acquiring the NewPaper in Rhode Island and re-christened that publication Providence Phoenix in 1993 . In September 1999 , the paper extended its reach into Maine and southern New Hampshire with the publication of the Portland Phoenix . The sports and magazine division publishes the official yearbooks for the Boston Celtics , the Boston Bruins , and the Boston Marathon , in addition to program guides for the Tweeter Center for the Performing Arts , and the Bank of America Pavilion summer music series . Through its Tele-publishing , Inc. , subsidiary , Phoenix Media owns People2People.com , the world 's largest provider of voice personals to the publishing industry and claims it is the web 's most advanced online personals site . Phoenix Media owns MassWeb Printing , an offset printing facility which prints many of its own product plus many other regional newspapers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fee7a1866e0208d53c31534ba4d68d5f", "text": "Hayden Tee Hayden Tee is a New Zealand actor , singer , and makeup artist . He has played varied roles in Musical Theatre , Concert and Cabaret . He is based in the United States but has also performed in New Zealand , the UK , South Korea , Taiwan and Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "618db50537af0f0b5e797ddb8b68c574", "text": "Hayden Kho Hayden Kho , Jr. ( born May 20 , 1980 , in Manila , Philippines ) , is a Chinese Filipino celebrity cosmetic doctor , businessman , actor and model based in Manila , Philippines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f4bcc8d67a481daeb6667086403283e", "text": "Panini Group Panini is a company headquartered in Modena , Italy , named after the Panini brothers who founded it in 1961 . The company produces books , comics , magazines , stickers , trading cards and other items through its collectables and publishing subsidiaries . Panini distributes its own products , and products of third party providers . Panini maintains a Licensing Division to buy and resell licences and provide agency for individuals and newspapers seeking to purchase rights and comic licences . . Through Panini Digital the company uses voice-activated software to capture football statistics , which is then sold to agents , teams , media outlets and video game manufactures . New Media operates Panini 's on-line applications , and generates income through content and data sales .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b312fe2dc52822521bc76a7208e20983", "text": "Loosies Loosies ( also known as Love Is Not a Crime and Pick Pocket ) is a 2012 romantic comedy-drama film written and produced by Peter Facinelli , and directed by Michael Corrente . The film stars Peter Facinelli , Jaimie Alexander , Michael Madsen , Joe Pantoliano , William Forsythe , Christy Carlson Romano , Glenn Ciano , Vincent Gallo and Chad A. Verdi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90c774efd7d0a640afa16507a02f4870", "text": "Flynn (film) Flynn is an Australian film about the early life of Errol Flynn , focusing on his time in New Guinea starring Guy Pearce in the title role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35c030893fec27700674a889363d3fcc", "text": "Pan-Indianism Pan-Indianism is a philosophy and movement promoting unity among different American Indian groups in the Americas regardless of tribal or local affiliations . Some academics use the term pan-Amerindianism as a form of disambiguation from other territories called Indian . The movement is largely associated with Native Americans in the Continental United States , but has spread to other indigenous groups as well . A parallel growth of the concept has occurred in Alaska and Canada . There , however , other indigenous peoples , such as the Inuit and the Métis are often included in a wider rubric , sometimes called pan-Aboriginal or some variation thereof . Pan-Indian organizations seek to pool the resources of indigenous groups in order to protect the interests of native peoples across the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc76c37bb4ade1fe845acdeece5b9d35", "text": "Panettiere Panettiere ( -LSB- ˌpænᵻtiˈɛər -RSB- -LSB- panetˈtjɛːre -RSB- ) may refer to : Hayden Panettiere ( born 1989 ) , American actress Jansen Panettiere ( born 1994 ) , American actor , brother of Hayden Category : Occupational surnames Category : Italian-language surnames", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43947880bc85bd6cd64c55dcf36a78f7", "text": "Tove Christensen Tove Christensen ( born February 20 , 1973 ) is a Canadian film producer and actor . He is the older brother of Golden Globe Award-nominated actor Hayden Christensen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d51e1431e55b685316984432371d45b8", "text": "Melbourne City Opera CitiOpera , originally known as Melbourne City Opera , is a semi-professional opera company based in Melbourne , Australia . Formed in 1997 , it was the successor of Globe Opera . In 2007 the company began performing at the BMW Edge , a 450-seat indoor amphitheatre located in Federation Square . Initially the company made its home at the National Theatre , the Comedy Theatre and later at the Melbourne Athenaeum , and featured Suzanne Steele , Ronald Dowd , Margaret Nisbett , Maureen Howard , and Ron Stevens in productions of La bohème , Faust , Carmen , Pagliacci , Cavalleria rusticana , Madama Butterfly , The Merry Widow , Die Fledermaus , The Student Prince , and many others . The 2007 season began with productions of Verdi 's Il corsaro , Attila and The Pavarotti Story , devised and narrated by director Joseph Talia and conducted by Erich Fackert . In 2008 the season commenced with a concert production of Beethoven 's Fidelio at Melba Hall , University of Melbourne . The company presented The Puccini Story in honour of the 150th anniversary of the birth of Giacomo Puccini . This program was an analysis of how Puccini 's personal characteristics impacted on the creation of his characters and the composition of his music . In March 2009 , the company staged Verdi 's Ernani . Melbourne City Opera staged Verdi 's Luisa Miller in September 2009 , Andrea Chénier in June 2010 , La rondine in November 2010 and presented a tribute to Dame Joan Sutherland in November 2011 at the BMW Edge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5067617037a442d80e8725810a3bcca", "text": "Anglo-Americans Anglo-Americans or Anglos are people who are inhabitants of Anglo-America and are referred to as English Americans and/or an English Canadians . It typically refers to an English-speaking American in distinction to Spanish speakers in the Southwestern states and in Mexico ; German speakers ( Amish ) in North Dakota , Ohio , and Pennsylvania ; and French speakers in Canada , New England and Louisiana . This usage originated in the discussion of the history of English-speaking people of the United States and the Spanish-speaking people residing in the western United States during the Mexican -- American War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43dd63daff657593566f6fe27728cb5c", "text": "Eaux d'Artifice Eaux d'artifice ( 1953 ) is a short experimental film by Kenneth Anger . The film was shot in the Villa d'Este in Tivoli , Italy . The film consists entirely of a woman dressed in eighteenth-century clothes who wanders amidst the garden fountains of the Villa d'Este ( `` a Hide and Seek in a night-time labyrinth '' ) to the sounds of Vivaldi 's `` Four Seasons '' , until she steps into a fountain and momentarily disappears . The actress , Carmilla Salvatorelli ( not `` Carmello '' ) , was `` a little midget '' Anger had met through Federico Fellini . Anger used a short actress to suggest a different sense of scale , whereby the monuments seemed bigger ( a technique he said was inspired by etchings of the gardens in the Villa d'Este by Giovanni Battista Piranesi ) . The title , a play on words , is meant to suggest Feux d'artifice ( Fireworks ) , in obvious reference to Anger 's earlier 1947 work . Film critic Scott MacDonald has suggested that Fireworks was a film about the repression of ( the filmmaker 's ) gay sexuality in the United States , whereas Eaux d'Artifice `` suggests an explosion of pleasure and freedom . '' In 1993 , this short film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a13183645770b11aeb3fb960a8b74022", "text": "Personal area network A personal area network ( PAN ) is a computer network used for data transmission amongst devices such as computers , telephones , tablets and personal digital assistants . PANs can be used for communication amongst the personal devices themselves ( interpersonal communication ) , or for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet ( an uplink ) where one `` master '' device takes up the role as internet router . A wireless personal area network ( WPAN ) is a low-powered PAN carried over a short-distance wireless network technology such as : INSTEON IrDA Wireless USB Bluetooth Z-Wave ZigBee Body Area Network The reach of a WPAN varies from a few centimeters to a few meters . A PAN may also be carried over wired computer buses such as USB and FireWire . Although a ( secured ) Wi-Fi tethering connection could be used by only one single user it is not considered to be a PAN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88a8acdf0629157c61c273a5c7fe45c2", "text": "Noël Coward Society The Noël Coward Society is an international society founded with the agreement of Coward 's literary agent and Estate to celebrate the life and work of Sir Noël Coward . The Noël Coward Society was founded in 1999 to study and promote and enjoy the many aspects of Cowards achievements . It owns an extensive archive of recordings and written works and is attempting to become the official on-line archive of all things `` Coward '' . The Noël Coward Society is managed by Noël Coward Ltd. , a charitable company . It is currently administered from Norwich , Norfolk , UK , and has a membership of just over 700 people worldwide . The day-to-day running of the Society is managed by an organising committee . The Society has representatives in France , Australia and the USA . Each year it celebrates the birth of Noël Coward at the Noël Coward Theatre and the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane on the nearest Friday to his birthdate . The celebration consists of the AGM of the Society at the Noël Coward Theatre followed by a celebrity from the theatre world laying flowers on the statue of Sir Noël Coward in the foyer of the Theatre Royal . The Annual Lunch follows in the Grand Saloon at the theatre , followed by a cabaret . In 2002 , Ken Starrett was appointed the North American Director of The Noel Coward Society and in 2003 , Starrett organized an annual birthday celebration which took place in December in the USA . The event included the flower laying ceremony at The Gershwin Theatre in Manhattan and a special lunch . Among the celebrities who have placed flowers in front of Coward 's statue are Tammy Grimes , Keir Dullea , Tony Walton , Kitty Carlisle Hart , Hayley Mills , Marian Seldes , Jim Dale , Victor Garber , Christine Ebersole , Dick Cavett . Stephen Fry , Joan Copeland , Jamie Ross , Penny Fuller , and Dana Ivey . There is also a similar ceremony at Firefly Estate ( Coward 's home ) in Jamaica . On December 31 , 2016 , Ken Starrett officially stepped down after serving as North American Director of The Noel Coward Society for fourteen years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14fc81682877fcc140a17e41877db8eb", "text": "Patrick Haseldine Patrick John Haseldine ( born 11 July 1942 ) is a former British diplomat who was dismissed in August 1989 by the then Foreign Secretary , John Major , for writing a letter to The Guardian newspaper , which was considered to constitute `` various disciplinary offences constituting breaches of the Diplomatic Service Regulations '' . Haseldine was suspended on 7 December 1988 upon publication of a letter he had written to The Guardian in which he publicly accused then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher of `` self-righteous invective '' over her handling of an extradition request . Marking the 25th anniversary of the December 1988 Lockerbie bombing , The Ecologist online magazine published two articles by Patrick Haseldine : `` Why Flight 103 ? '' on 21 December 2013 ; and , `` Flight 103 : it was the Uranium '' on 6 January 2014 Both articles challenged the Lockerbie official narrative by accusing apartheid South Africa of targeting UN Commissioner for Namibia Bernt Carlsson on Pan Am Flight 103 , but it was the second that provoked a particularly angry reaction from author , journalist and film researcher John Ashton in the January 2014 edition of Private Eye magazine : Most hacks and news organisations have long blocked or junked rants from the Lockerbie-bombing conspiracy theorist Patrick Haseldine . Not so The Ecologist magazine . Oliver Tickell , the new editor , has just published `` the shocking truth '' of Lockerbie by the man who styles himself `` Emeritus Professor of Lockerbie Studies '' . Haselnut has long claimed that Pan Am 103 was blown up by the apartheid South African government in order to kill an unfortunate Swedish passenger , Bernt Carlsson , the UN Assistant Secretary-General and UN Commissioner for Namibia . As well as aiming various far-fetched accusations over the years at people connected to the Lockerbie investigations and trials , Haseldine has also claimed that he was `` nominated '' for last year 's Private Eye Paul Foot Award -- by which he meant he had in fact submitted his own material for consideration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b10f7ba0357083c8ec819aea17f627e", "text": "Haden (mango) The ` Haden ' mango ( or , ` Hayden ' ) is a named mango cultivar that became one of the most widely cultivated in the world after it was introduced in the early 20th century through south Florida . It would ultimately become the parent of many other mango cultivars later developed in Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e967021cd8d591e7cd54d3534b0d3373", "text": "Dualstar Dualstar Entertainment Group , LLC is a privately held American limited liability company owned by Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Olsen , which produced movies , TV shows , magazines , video games , etc. . Dualstar was based in Los Angeles , California . In 2004 , the company released New York Minute , the Olsen twins ' first theatrical film since 1995 's It Takes Two . The film was a box office bomb and suffered negative critical reception . Its failure led to the company struggling to keep up operations . In 2007 , the company fell into dormancy . The company was later revived in 2013 for a series of fragrances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbf6b0f079927e84bffa3729caab60bc", "text": "PantyProp PantyProp is an American made company that makes menstruation underwear and menstruation swimwear for people to use as a substitute or supplement to other feminine hygiene products .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e67aaa4f6a89fbf3fed7fbc1599522e9", "text": "The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy `` The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy '' is an article published in the premiere issue of Scanlan 's Monthly in March 1970 , written by Hunter S. Thompson . The subject of the article is Jean-Claude Killy , the alpine skiing champion who , in the 1968 Winter Olympics , became the second alpine skier ever to win three gold medals in a single olympic games . By the time of the article Killy , then 26 , was retired from skiing and had embarked on the next phase of his career -- endorsements . Thompson 's article follows Killy around the United States during his marketing tour for the Chevrolet automotive company . As he attends automotive shows , holds press conferences , and makes appearances for television ( all in conjunction with fellow Chevrolet spokesman , O.J. Simpson ) Thompson chronicles the newly flush world of celebrity sports endorsements . Though endorsement by a sports figure was not an entirely new concept , the world-wide magnitude of Killy 's stardom made his Chevrolet contract something of a fascination for Thompson . The article 's focus on the relative depths of the new pitch-man status obtained by Killy so shortly after the incredible heights he had achieved develops through acerbic descriptions of the settings Killy finds himself in , the automotive executives that profit by him , and the fans and onlookers who make him such a valuable spokesman . Through it all , Killy 's focus on his own enormous profit is a source of worry to Thompson . The trend he sees developing is one of larger-than-life stars -- athletes of the highest physical standards who have achieved feats unimaginable by normal people -- demeaning themselves and their accomplishments by agreeing to shill for a few extra dollars . An enormous sports fan himself , Thompson is distraught by this turn of events and wonders that Killy was never quite sure `` why I was embarrassed for him in those scenes . '' Thompson compares Killy to F. Scott Fitzgerald 's Gatsby : although , unlike that character , Killy 's dollars are earned honestly , the author concludes while watching Killy 's selling of himself that `` nothing in his narrow , high-powered experience can allow him to understand how I can watch his act and say that it looks , to me , like a very hard dollar -- maybe the hardest . '' The article was later included in Thompson 's collection The Great Shark Hunt ( 1979 ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
caaa1c0768addb6af9265345d9669ad6	A Song of Ice and Fire is by George Raymond Richard Martin.	[ { "docid": "ac1b1c68106328ec978e4169d01653eb", "text": "A Song of Ice and Fire A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin . He began the first volume of the series , A Game of Thrones , in 1991 and had it published in 1996 . Martin , who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy , has published five out of a planned seven volumes . The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011 , A Dance with Dragons , took Martin five years to write . He is still writing the sixth novel , The Winds of Winter . A Song of Ice and Fire takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos . The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine , in the first novel , to thirty-one by the fifth . Three main stories interweave a dynastic war among several families for control of Westeros , the rising threat of the supernatural Others in the northernmost reaches of Westeros , and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen , the deposed king 's exiled daughter , to assume the Iron Throne . Martin 's inspirations included the Wars of the Roses and the French historical novels The Accursed Kings by Maurice Druon . A Song of Ice and Fire received praise for its diverse portrayal of women and religion , as well as its realism . An assortment of disparate and subjective points of view confronts the reader , and the success or survival of point of view characters is never assured . Within the often morally ambiguous world of A Song of Ice and Fire , questions concerning loyalty , pride , human sexuality , piety , and the morality of violence frequently arise . As of April 2015 , the books have sold more than 60 million copies worldwide and , as of January 2017 , have been translated into 47 languages . The fourth and fifth volumes reached the top of The New York Times Best Seller lists upon their releases . Among the many derived works are several prequel novellas , a TV series , a comic book adaptation , and several card , board , and video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25136ca521e86e9f64b865a3f4954e58", "text": "George R. R. Martin -RCB- -RCB- George Raymond Richard Martin ( born George Raymond Martin ; September 20 , 1948 ) , often referred to as GRRM , is an American novelist and short-story writer in the fantasy , horror , and science fiction genres , screenwriter , and television producer . He is best known for his international bestselling series of epic fantasy novels , A Song of Ice and Fire , which was later adapted into the HBO dramatic series Game of Thrones . Martin serves as the series ' co-executive producer , and also scripted four episodes of the series . In 2005 , Lev Grossman of Time called Martin `` the American Tolkien '' , and the magazine later named him one of the `` 2011 Time 100 '' , a list of the `` most influential people in the world . ''", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0b42c3d7bd7e40a27e759b88cd08ea61", "text": "Song of the Gargoyle The Song of the Gargoyle is a 1991 book for young readers by Zilpha Keatley Snyder . Set in the middle ages , it tells the story of a young boy named Tymmon who lives with his father Komus , the court jester of Austerneve . When Komus is abducted by an anonymous man with a Black Helmet , thirteen-year-old Tymmon is able to escape Black Helmet and leaves the castle grounds to seek refuge in the Sombrous Forest , a forbidden place occupied by wolves and magical beings . Most wonderfully , Tymmon is adopted by a gargoyle named Troff -- a creature with the loyalty of a dog and the fearsome powers of an enchanted being . After a season surviving in the forest , Tymmon longs to rescue his father and to find a way to avenge him , as a knight would . But Tymmon is a commoner , and he burns with anger at his father , who threw away a noble heritage to become a lowly jester . Tymmon had to watch his childhood playmate turn away from him to become a squire and train for the knighthood Tymmon can never know . When Tymmon realizes that Troff can pose as a dog , he and Troff leave the forest together . As they travel , Tymmon sees the poverty and suffering of peasants ravaged by feudalistic greed . In the city he discovers that with his talent for music and joking , inherited from his father , he and Troff can make people happy . Beyond that , performing enables him to communicate with people from all walks of life . Of Song of the Gargolye , Zilpha Keatley Snyder says , `` High among the periods that inspired my childhood dreamscapes were the middle ages . Not a very specific or historic middle ages , actually , so much as a fantasy world peopled by beautiful princesses and -- most especially -- by noble knights . I especially liked the knights . No doubt due , at least in part , to the fact that they rode horses . ( I was also enamored of cowboys . ) However , when I grew older and less romantic , I began to look at my hardware-clad heroes from a more critical point of view . Knights , I discovered , were often a pretty cruel and bloodthirsty bunch , not to mention ignorant and superstitious ... So when I got around to setting a story in their time , I cast about for a hero or two with a better odor . And the result was Tymmon and his father , Komus . And Troff ? Just another tribute to the memory of various more-or-less miraculous four-legged friends . '' Category : American children 's novels Category :1991 American novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "085ebb7291016ad51b58adaad38c4bf3", "text": "Cultural depictions of the Anarchy Cultural depictions of the Anarchy , a long-running civil war in England between 1135 and 1153 , has furnished the background of some major fictional portrayals . These include : George Shipway 's novel Knight in Anarchy ( 1969 ) centres on a knight sworn to Geoffrey de Mandeville as he tries to gain power in the Anarchy . Cecelia Holland 's The Earl , also published as Hammer for Princes ( 1971 ) , gives a vivid description of the last year of the struggle , Prince Henry 's invasion of England and his eventual recognition as King Stephen 's heir . Graham Shelby 's 1972 novel The Oath and the Sword ( aka The Villains of the Piece ) , focuses on Empress Matilda 's faithful supporter Brien FitzCount , Lord of Wallingford , through the years of the Anarchy . Jean Plaidy 's Passionate Enemies ( c. 1976 ) from her multi-volume treatment of the British monarchy , captures the mood of the period and the personalities of Matilda and Stephen . Ellis Peters set her series of Brother Cadfael books ( published 1977 -- 1994 ) against the background of the Anarchy . Diana Norman 's novel Morning Gift ( published in 1985 ) follows the trials of a Norman noblewoman as she struggles to keep safe her lands , her young son , and her people during the period of the Anarchy . Ken Follett 's novel The Pillars of the Earth ( published in 1989 ) is set during this time , and was adapted to an eight-part TV miniseries debuting in the U.S. on Starz and Canada on The Movie Network/Movie Central on July 23 , 2010 . It premiered in the UK on Channel 4 , October 16 , 2010 , and on CBC Television January 8 , 2011 . Sharon Kay Penman 's 750-page novel When Christ and His Saints Slept ( published in 1995 ) gives a comprehensive and informative view of the entire power struggle . Elizabeth Chadwick 's A Place Beyond Courage ( published 2008 , Sphere ) is set during the Anarchy , focusing on the life of John FitzGilbert the Marshal . Her most recent novel The Lady of the English focuses on Matilda and on Henry 's young wife Adeliza . The Anarchy is the inspiration for the fictional civil war called Dance of the Dragons between princess Rhaenyra Targaryen and her half-brother Aegon , depicted in George R. R. Martin 's novella The Princess and the Queen ( published 2013 in the anthology Dangerous Women ) and set in the same fictional universe as his epic fantasy novel series A Song of Ice and Fire . Category : The Anarchy Category :12 th century in fiction", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdb8048a12b2db319c910f79c7aae0f4", "text": "The History of Middle-earth The History of Middle-earth is a 12-volume series of books published between 1983 and 1996 that collect and analyse material relating to the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien , compiled and edited by his son , Christopher Tolkien . The series shows the development over time of Tolkien 's conception of Middle-earth as a fictional place with its own peoples , languages , and history , from his earliest notions of a `` mythology for England '' through to the development of the stories that make up The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings . It is not a `` history of Middle-earth '' in the sense of being a chronicle of events in Middle-earth written from an in-universe perspective . In 2000 -- 01 , the twelve volumes were republished in three limited edition omnibus volumes . Non-deluxe editions of the three volumes were published in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18ebdf3d9dad35e687243f13bcbdef14", "text": "Dragon Harper Dragon Harper is a science fiction novel by the American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey and her son Todd McCaffrey , part of the Dragonriders of Pern series that she initiated in 1967 . Published forty years later , it was the twenty-first in the series . Dragon Harper and the previous novels Dragon 's Kin and Dragon 's Fire feature Kindan as a boy and young man , about 500 years after landing on Pern ( 500 AL ) . They were the first collaborations by mother and son .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c50331254175ec24fc95f1ab987170b5", "text": "Cold Fire (Koontz novel) Cold Fire is a 1991 novel written by the best-selling author Dean Koontz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e702919fa1c48d2a3b2c59ec64037bde", "text": "Game of Thrones (2014 video game) Game of Thrones is an episodic graphic adventure fantasy drama video game based on Game of Thrones , the TV adaptation of George R. R. Martin A Song of Ice and Fire fantasy series , released in December 2014 for Android , iOS , Microsoft Windows , OS X , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One . The game was developed by Telltale Games and follows the episodic format found in other Telltale titles , such as The Walking Dead , The Wolf Among Us , and Tales from the Borderlands , where player choices and actions influence later events across the 6-episode arc . The story revolves around the northern House Forrester , rulers of Ironrath , whose members , including the five playable characters , attempt to save their family and themselves after ending up on the losing side of the War of the Five Kings . The game includes settings , characters and voice actors from the novels and TV series . The game was generally well received , and Telltale is currently working on a second season of the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d4b359862450a7cf88cacc628c98e95", "text": "Bookwriter The bookwriter is the member of a musical 's writing team who creates the book -- the musical 's plot , character development , and dramatic structure . Essentially , the bookwriter is the playwright of the musical . He or she works very closely in collaboration with the lyricist and composer to create an integrated piece of drama . There is a common misconception that the bookwriter merely writes the dialogue ; though the book does include the musical 's spoken text , it is much more than that , defining and organizing the dramatic action of the entire piece , including action that is musicalized by the songwriter ( s ) . Even `` sung-through , '' `` operatic , '' or `` through-composed '' musicals , where there is little , if any , spoken text , require as much contribution from a bookwriter as do musicals with extensive dialogue scenes . The bookwriter is often also the musical 's lyricist , composer , or director . Category : Occupations in music", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a066e4809370ea7a12b945d3074f426", "text": "George McWhirter George McWhirter ( born September 26 , 1939 in Belfast , Northern Ireland ) is a Northern Irish-Canadian writer , translator , editor , teacher and Vancouver 's first Poet Laureate . The son of a shipyard worker , George McWhirter was raised in a large extended family on the Shankill Road in Belfast . He and his extended family spent the war years and then weekends and the summers at their seaside bungalow in Carnalea , now a suburb of Bangor , County Down . In 1957 he began a `` combined scholarship '' studying English and Spanish at Queen 's University , Belfast , and education at Stranmillis College , Belfast . His tutor at Queen 's was the poet Laurence Lerner , and he was a classmate with the future literary critic Robert Dunbar and the poets Seamus Heaney and Seamus Deane . After graduating , McWhirter taught in Kilkeel and Bangor , County Down , Northern Ireland , and in Barcelona , Spain , before moving to Port Alberni , B.C. Canada . After receiving his M.A. from the University of British Columbia ( UBC ) , where he studied under Michael Bullock and J. Michael Yates , he stayed on to become a Full Professor in 1982 and Head of the Creative Writing Department from 1983 to 1993 . He retired as a Professor Emeritus in 2005 . He was associated with PRISM international magazine from 1968 to 2005 . McWhirter is the author and editor of numerous books and the recipient of many awards . His first book of poetry , Catalan Poems , was a joint winner of the first Commonwealth Poetry Prize with Chinua Achebe 's Beware , Soul Brother . He was made a life member of the League of Canadian Poets in 2005 and is also a member of the Writers ' Union of Canada and PEN International . In March 2007 , he was named Vancouver 's inaugural Poet Laureate for a two-year term . He currently writes full-time and lives in Vancouver with his wife . They have two children and three grandchildren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88f93a90474fe87b5e76cc6e046712fa", "text": "Dragon Fire (novel) Dragon Fire is a 2000 novel by BBC political and foreign correspondent Humphrey Hawksley about a 2007 war between China , India and Pakistan , which draws in Australia , Bhutan , Myanmar , Nepal , New Zealand , Tibet , the United Kingdom , and the United States , and threatens to escalate to nuclear war . While a work of fiction , the novel attempts to raise awareness of real geopolitical issues in the region . This novel gives us nightmare scenarios where the world 's worst fears begin on 10:00 a.m. on 3 May 2007 . A SFF ( Special Frontier Force ) Major , Gendun Choedrak Assaults Drapchi prison with paratroopers to free Tibetan religious leaders who are being incarcerated there . Far out west , Pakistan launches an attack on the strategic outpost of Kargil , promptly raising the green crescent flag on Indian soil . China accuses India of attacking Chinese soil and declares war . It 's Pakistan and China vs India now , 3 nuclear powers . Nuclear arsenals are being mobilized . Later Pakistan is devastated while India and China are threatening nuclear war . Russia says whoever is involved in this matter will have to face her first . The West 's greatest nightmares are becoming true .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5adc5e84e1a9a2bd6ba76fef1b05f07f", "text": "A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well . Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature . The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes . A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ec8c14584488573809a31da108b6a2", "text": "The Night Letter The Night Letter is a 1978 book by Paul Spike , with a double-layered structure : an anti-Nazi spy thriller on the background of the early part of the Second World War , and an exposure of cynical and machiavellian maneuverings in the American corridors of power . The book belongs to the subgenre of secret history -- i.e. with a plot in which real historical figures play a substantial part , doing things which are the author 's invention but which supposedly ( for reasons given in the plot ) remained secret and did not come to the knowledge of the public . In the book , a British doctor meets in 1936 with President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who is unaware that the doctor is a Nazi sympathizer . The visitor manages to secretly photograph the President in a compromising position with his secretary , Missy LeHand ( whom historians widely assume to have been indeed Roosevelt 's mistress ) . By 1940 , senior Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich possesses the picture and intends to use the photo for blackmail and prevent Roosevelt from running for a third term -- in the hope that whoever gets elected instead would be more likely to keep the US out of the Second World War . The President must recover the photo before the Democratic Party Convention which is about to nominate him . What makes the situation more difficult is that Roosevelt also needs to bypass the FBI -- for apprehension that should the photo fall into the hands of J. Edgar Hoover , the FBI Director might use it for his own brand of blackmail . Instead , Roosevelt employs former FBI Agent Jackson , who had left the Bureau under a cloud and incurred Hoover 's personal enmity , and who is completely loyal to the President . The bulk of the book follows Jackson 's chase after the photo , starting from Paris at the very eve of its fall to the Wehrmacht and concluding with a cataclysmic confrontation at a secret Michigan base of the `` Silver Shirts '' -- a murderous , power-mad American Fascist militia ( which truly existed , though not necessarily doing all that the book describes it as doing ) . The chase ends with a mixed result -- the Nazi agents have been killed or captured , but the negative did fall into the hands of the FBI who caught the scent of what was going on . The book ends on a cynical note : Hoover meets the President at the White House , claims to have destroyed the negatives ( which is manifestly untrue ) and proceeds to imperiously demand the sacking of Jackson -- obviously he is under the impression that he now holds Roosevelt 's fate in his hand . Upon being shown this , the President presents a photo of his own , showing Hoover in a compromising position with a handsome young FBI agent . Roosevelt and Hoover would henceforth be tied to each other , `` like convicts in chain gang '' , each able to destroy the other but only at the cost of his own destruction . Category :1978 books Category : Corruption Category : Secret histories Category : Thriller novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3252648686b70474f4737a3e4d02a126", "text": "Martin Allen (publicist) Martin Allen is a British author of historical works . In 2005 , in his book '' Himmler 's Secret War : The Covert Peace Negotiations of Heinrich Himmler , he used documents from the National Archives to claim that the British assassinated Heinrich Himmler . A forensic investigation concluded that the documents were false .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a005376e34382e6caac4b6b2147dc33c", "text": "Kenneth Morris (author) Kenneth Vennor Morris ( 31 July 1879 -- 21 April 1937 ) , sometimes using the Welsh form of his name Cenydd Morus , was a Welsh author and theosophist . Born in South Wales , he moved to London with his family as a child , and was educated at Christ 's Hospital . In 1896 he lived in Dublin for a while , where he became friends with George William Russell . From 1908 to 1930 Morris lived in California as a member of staff of the Theosophical Society headquarters at Point Loma . The last seven years of his life were spent back in his native Wales , during which time he founded seven Welsh theosophical lodges . Morris was a friend of Talbot Mundy , and the two writers often commentated on each other 's work in The Theosophical Path magazine . In the verdict of Ursula K. Le Guin , Morris appears as one of the three master prose stylists of fantasy in the 20th century , together with E. R. Eddison and J. R. R. Tolkien .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8a18d60f8ac88429256b6b7507d07b6", "text": "Keith Miles Keith Miles ( born 1940 ) is a writer of historical fiction and mystery novels . He has also written children 's books , radio and television dramas and stage plays . He is best known under the pseudonym Edward Marston , and has also written as Martin Inigo and Conrad Allen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c521ad26536a9701866bbd10aab6d88", "text": "Sasha Chorny Alexander Mikhailovich Glikberg ( -LSB- Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Гли́кберг , p = ɐlʲɪˈksandr mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ ˈɡlʲikbʲɪrk , a = Alyexandr Mikhaylovich Glickbyerg.ru.vorb.oga -RSB- ) , better known as Sasha Chorny ( -LSB- Са́ша Чёрный , p = ˈsaʂə ˈt͡ɕɵrnɨj , a = Sasha Chyornyy.ru.vorb.oga -RSB- -- 5 July 1932 ) , was a Russian poet , satirist and children 's writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "053622c81227a074d21bb2eeecd24fc3", "text": "A Song of Stone A Song of Stone is a novel by Scottish writer Iain Banks , published in 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd719f2613ddb983e5708ba40e13257c", "text": "Richard Baker (game designer) Richard Baker ( full name L. Richard Baker III ) is an American author and game designer who has worked on many Dungeons & Dragons campaign settings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ada573049cba52d72af9ff1aa778db2f", "text": "Atlantic Canada's 100 Greatest Books Atlantic Canada 's 100 Greatest Books is a non-fiction book by Trevor J. Adams and Stephen Patrick Clare , published by Nimbus Publishing . The first book of its type , it ranks and reviews the top 100 books written by Atlantic Canadian writers , published in the region , or focusing on the region . The 100 books chosen were selected from a list of over 2,000 titles voted on by over 700 authors , editors and critics . The book includes reviews of each of the ranked titles , top-ten lists on a variety of literary subjects , and lists from guest contributors such as the premiers of the Maritime Provinces and novelists such as David Adams Richards and Ami MacKay . The book lists Alistair MacLeod 's No Great Mischief as the greatest Atlantic Canadian book of all time . Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery was second . Four authors -- Richards , Raymond Fraser , Wayne Johnston and Thomas Raddall -- each had five books make the list . Born and raised in Digby County , Nova Scotia , Trevor J. Adams currently lives in Halifax , where he works as editor of Halifax Magazine . Stephen Patrick Clare is a freelance writer and professional musician , originally from Montreal and currently residing in Halifax .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8cdeaccd00bb2867e8043061d9f3211", "text": "Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore . There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald . Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney . From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d1217d0961c7d5b22eddb316ed37d66f	Oh Yeon-seo worked in a group.	[ { "docid": "805a92a96aa6352a3c8b19b525f495c1", "text": "Oh Yeon-seo Oh Yeon-seo ( born Oh Haet-nim , on June 22 , 1987 ) , is a South Korean actress and former member of South Korean girl group , LUV . She is best known for her roles in television dramas My Husband Got a Family ( 2012 ) , Jang Bo-ri is Here ! ( 2014 ) , Shine or Go Crazy ( 2015 ) and Please Come Back , Mister ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "980ae4c9c0dba42e2081bdfe69e69b55", "text": "Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation ( MBC ; 문화방송주식회사 Hanja : 文化放送 ; Munhwa Bangsong Jushikhoesa , literally `` Cultural Broadcasting Corporation '' ) is one of the leading South Korean television and radio networks . Munhwa is the Korean word for `` culture '' . Its flagship terrestrial television station is Channel 11 ( LCN ) for Digital . Established on December 2 , 1961 , MBC is a Korean terrestrial broadcaster which has a nationwide network of 17 regional stations . Though it operates on advertising , MBC is a public broadcaster , as its largest shareholder is a public organization , The Foundation of Broadcast Culture . Today , it is a multimedia group with one terrestrial TV channel , three radio channels , five cable channels , five satellite channels and four DMB channels . MBC is headquartered in Digital Media City ( DMC ) , Mapo-gu , Seoul and has the largest broadcast production facilities in Korea including digital production center Dream Center in Ilsan , indoor and outdoor sets in Yongin Daejanggeum Park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "102ebb46437ea04fd8116702fe50825d", "text": "Hyunoong Hyunoong Sunim is a Korean Zen master as well as a Taoist Master born in South Korea . He is a disciple of Ku San Sunim and entered Songgwangsa Buddhist Monastery in 1966 . From 1966-1969 he studied in the Sutra Hall of Songgwangsa , studying Buddhist sutras and philosophy . In 1970 he began his studies of Zen philosophy and Zen meditation . After ten years of training in Zen Meditation halls , he felt that the traditional zen hall training was not helping his practice . He then lived for three years as a wandering beggar , begging for his food and places to sleep . This gave him the opportunity to let go of everything he was holding on to . It was during this period that he finally realized what correct zen practice really is , and felt that he was ready to study under a great master . He then went to Master Jeon Gang Sunim in YongHwaSa Temple in Incheon , South Korea and began studying under him . At this point he began living in small remote mountain hermitages doing intensive zen practice . During this time he heard about a Taoist hermit who was teaching a Qigong breathing practice called `` Kuk Sun-do '' . He began training under Taoist Master Chung San in 1972 and in 1982 was sanctioned as a Taoist Master . Master Sunim spent six years in rigorous practice alone in hermitages in remote mountain areas where he followed a raw food diet , eating what the mountains made available . However , from the time he lived and practice in Zen meditation halls Master Sunim experienced health difficulties which no medical doctor or Chinese herbalist was able to alleviate . His lay supporters would bring him expensive ginseng to help give him more energy and strength , but this just worsened his condition and over time he became continually weaker . Finally he met an acupuncturist/herbalist who told him that he had a `` Lesser Yang constitution '' and gave him an herbal formula to take . Master Sunim described the results of this formula as suddenly turning his health around 180 degrees . He was astounded at how much better he felt and began to inquire about the system of medicine the herbalist was using . He was told this was traditional Korean Sasang Constitutional Medicine . Master Sunim immediately decided he was going to study this medical system . He felt that it was important that he learn to take care of his own health , since so many doctors had been unable to help him . During his years of practicing in hermitages he also studied Sasang Constitutional Medicine ( SCM ) under two renowned acupuncturist/herbalists . One of them was so impressed with Sunim 's diligence and special skills in quickly understanding the principles of SCM that when he retired from his practice he gave all his journals and notes to Sunim for his own reference . In 1985 he was invited by Hae Heng , a French monk who had studied in Songgwangsa , to become the spiritual director of the Buddhayana Vihara Zen Center in Geneva Switzerland . Master Sunim held this position from 1985-1986 His experience in Switzerland made him realize that , given his limited English and French skills , he needed a way to better understand his students and the personal problems about which they would seek his advice . Upon returning to South Korea in early 1986 he began to study the system of Five Element natal charts under a famous practitioner in the city of Gwangju , Cholla Namdo . These natal charts gave him some insight into the personality of the individual , and deepened his understanding of Five Element principles which he had studied in SCM . In the early summer of 1986 Master Sunim , accompanied by Jaguang Sunim , a Canadian Buddhist nun who also trained in Songgwangsa , as his translator , traveled to Vancouver , BC Canada where he established a Zen and Sun-do center . Here he continued his own Zen practice , as well as continuing his studies of SCM herbology and Five Element natal charts . One day , while contemplating a natal chart , it suddenly occurred to him that the Five Elements visible in an individual 's natal chart could provide a map indicating their body constitution in the SCM system . The most difficult part , the weakest link , of the Korean SCM system was the actual determination of a person 's body constitution . Traditionally they had used various markers such as the physical shape of the body , pulse , blood type , personality , emotions etc. to try to determine the body constitution , but these had always proved to be somewhat inaccurate . Sunim decided to test his theory that the Five Element natal charts could point to the individual 's body constitution with much more accuracy . In SCM herbology there is a broad set of many different formulas for each constitution . As long as the practitioner has correctly determined the constitution of the patient , then the herbal formulas for that constitution will all fundamentally agree with them and cause no irreversible harm . The healing energies of the herbs all fall into one of the Five Elements , so if the herbal formula was a combination of Five Elements that was compatible with the Five Element makeup of the patient 's internal organs/energies , then in theory they would experience a beneficial response to the herbal formula . Through this system of testing , matching the Five Element natal chart with the Five Element energies of the herbal formulas , Master Sunim discovered that the natal charts did indeed provide an extremely accurate picture of the internal energy condition of the patient , and therefore showing the patient 's body constitution . He continued to investigate and use these two systems over the next 20 years . One early spring day , while sitting in the Zen hall , suddenly all his doubts were resolved and he wrote the following song of enlightenment : '' Even existing dharmas must be discarded , So how can we cling to Dharmas which do n't exist ! Ah ha ! Futilely the Ancients busily pursued enlightenment , then departed . The countenance , existing of its own accord I wonder who named it buddha or sentient being ? Even one true Dharma can not survive . Outside the window , the cherry tree is singing this news . '' He is currently head abbot of temples on two continents , the Sixth Patriarch Zen Center in Berkeley , CA and the Sixth Patriarch Temple in Seoul , South Korea . He has taught in various Zen centers throughout the United States and Switzerland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2091ddd1b6533641d117feda2a9e4c28", "text": "Yeongseo Yeongseo ( -LSB- jʌŋ.sʌ -RSB- , -LSB- ɾjɔŋ.sɔ -RSB- ) is the western , inland region of Gangwon Province , South Korea and Kangwon Province , North Korea . It is divided from the coastal Yeongdong region by the Taebaek Mountains . The name yeongseo reflects this distinction ; it literally means `` west of the passes '' . The region is marked by high plateaus and mountains , with deep valleys . The Han and Nakdong Rivers both have their headwaters in this region . Agriculture in Yeongseo was traditionally carried out by slash-and-burn methods , but in modern times this has largely been replaced by other techniques , including high-altitude shiitake farming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee83d69820ab5b9d90f9345d264c5f03", "text": "Eugene Group Eugene Group is a large South Korean chaebol ( conglomerate ) , producing industry , media , construction , confectionery and child house products .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b112204c170e75837c6c0c882ecd36af", "text": "Shh (After School song) `` Shh '' is the sixth Japanese single from South Korean girl group After School . The single was released on January 29 , 2014 . The track is produced by Shinichi Osawa , who previously produced their fifth Japanese single `` Heaven '' . It was the last Japanese single with Lee Jooyeon before she graduated in December 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed704d74b7af828037a8fe05f3eb3c33", "text": "Guro District, Seoul Guro District ( Guro-gu ) is a district of Seoul , South Korea , which was separated from Yeongdeungpo District on April 1 , 1980 . Located in the southwestern part of the city , where besides Yangcheon District and Geumcheon District Guro District has an important position as a transport link which contains railroads , land routes from the rest of Seoul to the south of the country . The Gyeongbu and Gyeongin railway lines connect Seoul to Busan and Incheon . In addition , Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines 1 , 2 , and 7 , and major highways intersect in Guro District . The name Guro originates from the legend that nine ( gu ) old men ( Korean : ro ) enjoyed longevity in the district . A digital industrial complex is located in Guro District . The Guro Digital Industrial Complex , which played a leading industrial role mainly with textile manufacturing , dressmaking and other labour-intensive industries in 1967 , has been rapidly changed into an IT industrial complex . This complex played a pivotal role in the economic growth of the South Korea 's development era , referred to as the `` Miracle on the Han River '' , and also contributed 10 percent of national export in the 1970s . Twenty-one percent of the total area of Guro District is a restricted zone to be used as a greenbelt with the only arboretum in Seoul . The zone is changing into a lively district as large labour-intensive factories are moving from the area and the council is developing what it terms its four zones . An `` e-government '' system based on this hosted the international e-participation forum on February 7 -- 9 , 2007 , with the participation of more than thirty-seven countries . The forum was launched with the theme `` Promoting Democracy and Regional Development '' and twenty-five mayors including André Santini ( Issy-les-Moulineaux , France ) , Kevin Foy ( Chapel Hill , US ) , Apirak Kosayothin ( Bangkok , Thailand ) , Uvais Mohamed Emthiyas ( Colombo , Sri Lanka ) , and world experts such as Dr William H. Dutton ( Director of Oxford Internet Institute at the University of Oxford , UK ) and Dr Ari-Veiko Anttiroiko ( professor at the University of Tampere , Finland ) participated in the forum . The Guro Declaration , adopted during the forum , aims to set up a portal site for e-government development and to establish a concrete project in order to bridge the digital divide among the world 's cities . This practice has been recognised for providing a new important step in the development of e-democracy . The e-participation forum was a key factor for Guro to play the leading role in bridging the digital divide among cities , to provide I.T. enterprises located in Guro Digital Industrial Complex the opportunity to launch into the international market , to improve its image and become a global leader to concrete e-democracy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ac31d94a712a0a9ad565cf09a7fad3b", "text": "Office lady An office lady , often abbreviated OL , is a female office worker in Japan who performs generally pink collar tasks such as serving tea and secretarial or clerical work . Office ladies are usually full-time permanent staff , although the jobs they perform usually have little opportunity for promotion , and there is usually the tacit expectation that they leave their jobs once they get married . Often nicknamed shokuba no hana or `` office flower '' , office ladies are usually hired right after high school or junior high , with university graduates discouraged from pursuing this type of career . They are kept around the office for the youth they bring to it , hence the `` flower '' nickname . They are charged with routine , menial tasks meant to support the male workers . This type of career offers very little chance of advancement and was specifically designed so that women would leave for marriage before their thirties . Women between the ages of twenty four and twenty eight often are advised to settle down as a subtle message to quit , as those years are considered the most suitable for marriage . Due to some Japanese pop culture influence in China mainland , Taiwan and Hong Kong , the term is also in common usage there . However , the meaning of the word is slightly different . In China , the word represents the white-collar women ( usually highly educated , high-pressure , high-income , smartly dressed ) , the combination of beauty and wisdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "281c7a67b3fe20333a066997bc65eca6", "text": "Seungji Seungji ( in Hangul : 승지 , in Hanja : 承旨 ) was the term for `` royal secretary '' or `` recipient of edicts '' during late Goryeo dynasty and Joseon . Other names were Seungseon ( in Hangul : 승선 , in Hanja : 承宣 ) , Yonghoo In the era of Goryeo , Munjong designated 4 personnel in charge of dealing with commands of the king , of which official term became transformed from Seungseon to Seungji later in 1276 during the reign of King Chungnyeol . The highest-rank official of Seungji is called Doseungji ( Jijoosa or Jishinsa ) whose workplace was separated in spite of becoming the member of central Cabinet . Core duty of Seungji was to work independently without any interference of other subjects out of political pressure . Later in 1400 of Joseon , Seungjeongwon ( in Hangul : 승정원 ) where Seungji belonged to become anindependent organ after three major organs came to remain as three of chief organs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "415fcdd5d4a0f51d3745c60b2e8574f7", "text": "Japanese work environment Many both in and outside Japan share an image of the Japanese work environment that is based on a and '' model used by large companies as well as a reputation of long work-hours and strong devotion to one 's company . This environment is said to reflect economic conditions beginning in the 1920s , when major corporations competing in the international marketplace began to accrue the same prestige that had traditionally been ascribed to the daimyo-retainer relationship of feudal Japan or government service in the Meiji Restoration . At the very top , the most prestigious companies would recruit and retain the best workers by offering better benefits and truly lifetime job security . By the 1960s , employment at a large prestigious company had become the goal of children of the new middle class , the pursuit of which required mobilization of family resources and great individual perseverance in order to achieve success in the fiercely competitive education system . Employees are expected to work hard and demonstrate loyalty to the firm , in exchange for some degree of job security and benefits , such as housing subsidies , good insurance , the use of recreation facilities , and bonuses and pensions . Wages begin low , but seniority is rewarded , with promotions based on a combination of seniority and ability . Leadership is not based on assertiveness or quick decision making but on the ability to create consensus , taking into account the needs of subordinates . Surveys indicate continued preference for bosses who are demanding but show concern for workers ' private lives over less-demanding bosses interested only in performance on the job . This system rewards behavior demonstrating identification with the team effort , indicated by singing the company song , not taking all of one 's vacation days , and sharing credit for accomplishments with the work group . Pride in one 's work is expressed through competition with other parallel sections in the company and between one 's company and other companies in similar lines of business . Thus , individuals are motivated to maintain wa ( harmony ) and participate in group activities , not only on the job but also in after-hours socializing ( nomikai ) . The image of group loyalty , however , may be more a matter of ideology than practice , especially for people who do not make it to the top .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77e60d4a3a822bb44e6fd5d634343142", "text": "Korean Wave The Korean Wave ( , , a neologism literally meaning `` flow of Korea '' ) is the increase in global popularity of South Korean culture since the 1990s . First driven by the spread of K-dramas and K-pop across East , South and Southeast Asia during its initial stages , the Korean Wave evolved from a regional development into a global phenomenon , carried by the Internet and social media and the proliferation of K-pop music videos on YouTube . Since the turn of the 21st century , South Korea has emerged as a major exporter of popular culture and tourism , aspects which have become a significant part of its burgeoning economy . The growing popularity of Korean pop culture in many parts of the world has prompted the South Korean government to support its creative industries through subsidies and funding for start-ups , as a form of soft power and in its aim of becoming one of the world 's leading exporters of culture along with Japanese and British culture , a niche that the United States has dominated for nearly a century . During this time the Korean society began to be recognized as a developed country similar to that of the Western world . Part of the success of the Korean Wave owes in part to the development of social networking services and online video sharing platforms such as YouTube , which have allowed the Korean entertainment industry to reach a sizable overseas audience . Use of these media in facilitating promotion , distribution and consumption of various forms of Korean entertainment ( and K-pop in particular ) has contributed to their surge in worldwide popularity since the mid-2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b804a3b3e75b9063867271b2de1e414", "text": "Seohyun Seo Ju-hyun ( born June 28 , 1991 ) , known professionally as Seohyun , is a South Korean singer and actress . She debuted as a member of girl group Girls ' Generation ( and later its subgroup TTS ) in August 2007 , who went on to be one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea 's most popular girl groups worldwide . Apart from her group 's activities , she has established herself as an actress , notably through her participation in the original and Korean versions of stage musicals including Moon Embracing the Sun , Gone with the Wind and Mamma Mia . She also starred in the drama `` Moon Lovers : Scarlet Heart Ryeo '' . She debuted as a solo artist with her debut mini album , Do n't Say No , on January 17 , 2017 , making her the third Girls ' Generation member to debut as a solo artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b07fa45fcbe7b668f342158da9b9946c", "text": "Kayla J. Yoo Kayla J. Yoo is a songwriter , singer , music producer , multimedia designer and music columnist from South Korea who has developed Joombas Music Group as Chief Content Officer with Justine Ok , Yena Seo , and Hyuk Shin in 2011 . In 2013 , she was involved as a songwriter on `` Romantic St ' of Girls ' Generation 's 4th album , I Got A Boy , which hit Billboard # 1 World album chart in January 2013 . Deeply involved with Fiera Music in 2012 as a director , she works on various music projects as a singer , lyricist , A&R , and multimedia designer/producer in New York City . As a multimedia designer and producer , she has either directed , produced , interviewed , or written many interviews for artists Marques Houston , Elijah Blake , RAS , Mat Musto , Torae , and Oddisee . With Joombas Music Group , she directed contents on Joombas TV ( the online media channel of Joombas Music Group ) , including industry news , interviews , online reality show and documentary . She also has worked as a video editor for the music video of the song ` Heal ' by Natascha Bessez . The music video was featured by the actor Hunter Johansson , twin brother of Scarlett Johansson , and it was released in February 2013 . As a music columnist , she works with Korean Hiphop/R & B online magazine HiphopLE . She writes the series of ` R&B Talk ' , ` Feature ' , and ` Stars in Love ' , which also published offline , by the Korean fashion magazine ` FAST ' in 2013 . In July 2013 , she became a panel of the official podcast radio of HiphopLE , `` The Art Of Hip-Hop '' and `` Hot Issue '' . She 's also known as the voice of HiphopLE 's intro clip , speaking the slogan ` One Step Closer to Hip-hop and R&B Music ' . In February 2014 , HiphopLE held a contest to find the new instrumental for the intro clip with using Kayla , Jolly V and NateDogg 's voices . On January 28 , 2014 , Kayla made her music video directing debut in the single album , `` Champion '' by Born I Music and Justine . The single was released digitally and distributed worldwide by Fiera Music/Sony Music Entertainment Korea and the music video was certified by VEVO . Kayla got also involved as a director of the project and the background singer . Subsequently , `` Champion '' was also featured in a Sony Music compilation album for the Sochi 2014 Olympics released on February 7 , 2014 . Also listed on the album were artists such as Pharrell Williams , Daft Punk , Justin Timberlake , Lenka , Avril Lavigne , Shakira , Pitbull , One Direction , Dami Im , Britney Spears , Chris Brown , Miley Cyrus , Foster The People , Paloma Faith , Helena , Tinashe , Krewella , Little Mix , Beyoncé , Russian Red , Justice Crew , Ailee , and Lucas Nord .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cfe3b86de32819085f5feae5ba3e440", "text": "Shin Jeong-yil Shin Jeong Yil ( Shin Jeongyil , hangul : 신정일 , hanja : 申正一 , 1938 -- 1999 ) was a Korean religious leader ( the founder of Hanol-gyo ) , a politician and an entrepreneur . Hanol-gyo ( Korean : 한얼교 , Hanol gyo or Hanolgyo ) is a Korean religion founded by Shin Jeong Yil . Hanol-gyo can be regarded as the religious re-establishment of the Korean national founding philosophy which foresaw the possibility of an evolution in human consciousness 5000 years ago . Hanol-gyo is an unconventional religion : it is the teachings on enlightenment and awakening ; it pursues self-liberation of consciousness rather than the traditional ways of religious worship . Hanol-gyo permits its participants to practice other religions as well : it honors and respects all other enlightened beings ( Dangun , Buddha , Jesus , Lao-tzu , Confucius , etc. ) , along with their teachings and their religions ; it aims to overcome religious separation and unite under the name of Truth . The Founder 's Doctrine is `` Naol is Hanol '' , which means `` My true spiritual nature is one with the spiritual nature of All . '' When Hanol-gyo was first founded 50 years ago , the society was suffering from the aftermath of the Korean War under the strict Military regime . Despite the unfavorable circumstances , the rise of the Hanol Spiritual Movement with 800,000 followers allowed the Governmental recognition of Hanol-gyo by 1967 . After the recognition , Hanol-gyo branches were rapidly established throughout the country and Hanol-gyo reached 2 million members at its peak . As a politician , Shin Jeong Yil formed the Unified Korea Political Party and ran for the Korean Presidency twice , in the 13th Presidency in 1987 and 15th Presidency in 1997 . As the Founder and Chairman of the Hanon Group , Shin Jeong Yil acquired the right to develop one of the largest crude oil mines in Iraq . He protested against the war in Iraq and supplied medicine for the children suffering from the war . As recognition of his humanitarian and diplomatic efforts , he was appointed to the Honorary Consul by both the Iraqi and Korean governments . In 1998 , Shin Jeong Yil published the Hanol Scriptures , the compilation of 36 books containing the profound teachings on the Truth and its applications on philosophy , epistemology , metaphysics , science , economics , politics , society , nature , culture and religion . Shin Jeong Yil died in 1999 . According to the press , `` unprecedented number of sari ( sacred crystals found among the cremated remains of enlightened monks and Buddha ) were found and witnessed by many people including clerics and monks of other religions . Hanol-gyo has been exhibiting the sari at the Commemoration Ceremonies of the Founder . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "621ff74b28ba741c495f54d932a43731", "text": "Haedong Goseungjeon The Haedong Goseungjeon ( translated most commonly as the `` Lives of Eminent Korean Monks '' ) was a compilation of mostly Korean Buddhist hagiographies , notably of famous monks from the Three Kingdoms period of Korean history . It was compiled by the monk Gakhun ( dates unknown ) by order of the Goryeo king Gojong in 1215 . Though Gakhun was working in the tradition of Chinese Buddhist historiography ( which had a long tradition of compiling lives of eminent monks ) , as was the case with the compilation of the Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa , the composing of the Haedong Goseungjeon was meant to promote native exemplars , in this case of Buddhist piety . It also served to bring prominence and merit to the court that ordered its compilation . The work , along with the Samguk Sagi and the Samguk Yusa , comprises one of the most important sources for the Three Kingdoms period . The monk Iryeon consulted the work some half a century later when compiling his Samguk Yusa . It was long thought that the work was lost , until portions of it were rediscovered at a Buddhist temple in Seongju in the early twentieth century . Only two of probably more than ten volumes survive . The extant volumes include biographies of eighteen famous and not -- so -- famous Buddhist monks from Goguryeo and Silla , as well as India and China . Unfortunately , some of the most famous of Three Kingdoms period Buddhist figures are not included ( namely Wonhyo ) , though they were presumably included in the missing volumes . Not much is known of the work ` s chief compiler , except that he served as the chief abbot of Yeongtongsa , i.e. the Yeong Tong Temple in the city of Kaesŏng , North Korea , which was then the capital city of Goryeo . His deeds go unrecorded in the Goryeosa ( History of Goryeo ) . The work was translated into English by Peter H. Lee in 1969 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5189d9070ca92809665c05ecea905701", "text": "Koo Jun-hoe Koo Jun-hoe ( Hangul : 구준회 , born March 31 , 1997 ) is a South Korean singer . He is a member of the South Korean boy group iKON , signed under YG Entertainment . He appeared on the 2013 Mnet reality survival programme WIN : Who Is Next as part of `` Team B '' , competing against other YG Entertainment trainees for the chance to debut as a group . He went on to appear in the 2014 follow-up programme Mix & Match , which determined the lineup of iKON , along with bandmates B.I , Bobby , Jinhwan , Donghyuk , Yunhyeong and Chanwoo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddda60ce476071deeec3535ae853d89f", "text": "Young Yang Chung Young Yang Chung is a textile historian and embroiderer . She earned a Ph.D. at New York University in 1976 , with a doctoral dissertation on the origins of embroidery and its historical development of China , Japan , and Korea , and has lectured worldwide on the topic of East Asian embroidery . Through lectures , demonstrations , writings , teaching , workshops , and exhibitions of her work , she has endeavored to foster appreciation of an art form often stigmatized as `` women 's work '' and to challenge the notion of textiles as `` minor arts '' . Chung received an honorary doctorate degree from Sookmyung University , Seoul , South Korea in 2001 and she was awarded a Distinguished Alumna Achievement Award by New York University 's Steinhardt School of Culture , Education , and Human Development at the 2013 Doctoral Convocation . Chung has dedicated her life to the textile arts , not only as an embroiderer and teacher of this art form but also as a historian of traditional East Asian textiles and a collector of outstanding examples . Her embroideries are included in the collections of numerous museums in the world including the Smithsonian Institution and the presidential palaces . Her legacy includes a body of groundbreaking publications such as The Art of Oriental Embroidery ( 1979 ) and Silken Threads : A History of Embroidery in China , Korea , Japan , and Vietnam ( 2005 ) , as well as the Chung Young Yang Embroidery Museum ( C.E.M. ) , an exhibition , educational , and research facility she inaugurated in May 2004 at Sookmyung Women 's University in Seoul , South Korea . Chung was the curator of The Chung Young Yang Embroidery Museum 's inaugural exhibition , which traces the origins of silk embroidery in China and its dissemination throughout East Asia , and she will remain at the Museum as a director and curator , in addition to being a professor of graduate school of arts and designs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36b885a80d3e1462ba3756c10465bbc9", "text": "University of Seoul The University of Seoul ( UOS ) ( Korean : 서울시립대학교 ) is a public university located in Seoul , Korea . It was founded as Kyung Sung Public Agricultural College in 1918 and renamed the University of Seoul in 1997 . UOS is one of top 3 universities without medical school in Korea in 2012 . According to 2015 report from The Times Higher Education , UOS ranked 7th among the all Korean universities and 49th among all the Asian universities . In another survey , UOS ranked 14th in the Asian midsize universities . UOS was reported the best value public university in Korea , with high financial investment and scholarship amount per student . Students ' affinity to the school was ranked in the first place and students ' satisfaction is in the second according to a 2010 survey . UOS is famous for a large number of alumni working as national or municipal government officials . UOS is specialized in College of Urban Science and has top-tier programs of environmental engineering , science in taxation , transportation engineering , urban planning and design , landscape architecture , and urban administration . In 2012 , the mayor of Seoul , Park Won-soon , implemented a campaign promise , `` Half-priced tuition '' as soon as he started his term . The half-priced tuition was initiated in UOS first so that it would drive other universities to decrease their tuition . In 2013 , UOS tuition per semester ranged from $ 915 to $ 1,441 ( two semesters a year , 1,117.3 won / $ in 2013 ) . Because of high quality of education and low tuition of UOS , admission process has been more competitive . And student 's satisfaction is still very high . In 2012 , the registration rate of new students was very high ( 96 % ) and the withdrawal rate of students was extremely low ( 0.97 % ) , compared with other universities in Seoul . Because UOS students think that they take a lot of financial and educational benefits from the Seoul government , most of them participate in social works . Number of social work volunteers in 2012 was 3,105 and is expected to increase .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "477b63d14916027429af0653995b6c9f", "text": "Japan Association of Corporate Executives The is a Japanese professional association of independent leading executives . Founded in 1948 , the group engages in advocacy on public policy issues related to the development of the Japanese economy in both a domestic and global context . The association is commonly referred to as `` Keizai Dōyukai '' . Keizai Dōyukai conducts in-depth policy studies , publishes position papers , and holds regular meetings and seminars on issues relating to the development of the Japanese economy . The association seeks to engage with political parties , government officials , labour organizations and other economic stakeholders . For most of the post-war period , Keizai Dōyukai has promoted a more progressive , innovative and market based economic approach to business issues in contrast to the position of country 's other main corporate sponsored business associations ; Keidanren and the Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e63f125149c8f03b1dc4437b41d2802b", "text": "VSKhSON VSKhSON is an acronym for the All-Russian Social-Christian Union for the Liberation of the People ( -LSB- Всероссийский социал-христианский союз освобождения народа , translit = Vserossiyskiy sotsial-khristianskiy soyuz osvobozhdeniya naroda -RSB- ) , an underground anti-Soviet organization that operated in the Soviet Union during 1964 -- 1967 . The Union was founded by Leningrad State University alumni in February 1964 , and counted 28 members and 30 candidates . VSKhSON ideology was named `` Social Christianity '' and has its roots in the Third Position , that neither communism nor capitalism . It was aimed to project of Christian ethics on a reformed social and economical structure of Soviet society . In order to achieve that goal , it was supposed to create the Supreme Council with the right to veto any government initiative , which should consist of one-third of members of the highest Russian Orthodox hierarchy , and two-third of life `` outstanding representatives of the nation '' , while the head of the proposed `` Christian state '' should be elected by the Supreme Council , then approved by the public vote . VSKhSON members stood for the abolition of Soviet totalitarianism and the resurrection of a `` healthy balance between the individual , society , and government '' , and the resurrection of the individual ( versus Soviet collectivism ) . As compared to other secret youth organizations of the 1960s -- early 1970s , the bylaws of VSKhSON had stated that every member of the organization `` is not only a propagandist and organizer , but a soldier '' . In many ways the organization can be compared to the emigre National Alliance of Russian Solidarists . In February 1967 , having been reported by a traitor , the organization was uncovered by the KGB and designated as terrorist . Twenty one of the organization 's members were put on trial and received long terms of internment . Co-founder Igor Ogurtsov was sentenced to seven years of imprisonment , eight years of labor camps and five years of exile . After returning to Russia in 1992 from exile in Germany , Ogurtsov continued a life of political activism . The founders of the organization , Igor Ogurtsov , Yevgeny Vagin , Mikhail Sado and Boris Averichkin , have never been rehabilitated . The Presidium of the Supreme Court of Russia has affirmed the validity of the guilty verdict and sentence of VSKhSON members on 20 November 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b42419a32f4b304c0a5f7f749e32a49", "text": "Architectural forgery in Japan In Japan , structural engineers designing structures exceeding a certain floor area or number of storeys must submit drawings and calculations to the authorities , demonstrating that the building is safe ( e.g. earthquake-resistant , etc. ) `` Structural Calculation Forgery Problem '' ( 構造計算書偽造問題 , kōzō keisansho gizō mondai ) refers to a series of incidents , set off by the Ministry of Land , Infrastructure and Transport 's November 17 , 2005 , announcement that structural engineer Hidetsugu Aneha of Aneha Architectural Design Office in Chiba Prefecture had falsified earthquake design calculations . A number of Japanese construction and real estate companies have had to declare bankruptcy due to their involvement in the affair , including Kimura Construction and Huser . Note that Aneha is frequently referred to as an architect , as Japan has a unique licensing system where structural engineers designing buildings are registered as first-class architects . It is suggested that one of the causes for the problem was that the ( privately owned ) oversight agencies responsible for confirming compliance to Japanese safety standards did not detect the forgery . Prior to 1999 , oversight was managed solely by regional governments , however , a change made to Japanese law that year allowed private organizations to conduct investigations as well . It was said that these private organizations , such as `` EHomes '' and `` Nihon ERI '' did not adequately function in their oversight roles , however , it was later revealed that government oversight agencies had also failed to detect some instances of forgery . Of 14 hotels that had already been built under false pretenses when the problem first came to light , two of them were shown to fail Japan 's earthquake resistance standards . Because the concrete had insufficient reinforcing steel , there was a fear that an earthquake of magnitude 5 on the Japanese Shindo scale could cause the buildings to collapse . None of the buildings in question have yet collapsed , but the safety of high-rise buildings in earthquake-prone Japan has been called into question , particularly in the light of the 1995 Sampoong Department Store collapse in Korea . Residents of the areas around the affected buildings live in a constant state of unease , not knowing if or when the buildings will collapse . Some hotels , unable to guarantee the safety of their customers , have ceased operations . As the architect concerned in the matter has participated in the construction of a large number of buildings , the full extent of the problem is still unknown . In Japan , the incident was first publicized by bloggers . Hidetsugu Aneha , Moriyoshi Kimura , Akira Shinozuka and Togo Fujita etc. were arrested on April 26 , 2006 , and Huser 's president Susumu Ojima was arrested on May 17 of the same year .", "title": "" } ]	fever
584b852ee6131914da405f39d6eb03bf	Mango is the national fruit of the Philippines.	[ { "docid": "3b3f8eba7390d925de80d8fe5d27711d", "text": "Mango Mangoes are juicy stone fruit ( drupe ) from numerous species of tropical trees belonging to the flowering plant genus Mangifera , cultivated mostly for their edible fruit . The majority of these species are found in nature as wild mangoes . The genus belongs to the cashew family Anacardiaceae . Mangoes are native to South Asia , from where the `` common mango '' or `` Indian mango '' , Mangifera indica , has been distributed worldwide to become one of the most widely cultivated fruits in the tropics . Other Mangifera species ( e.g. horse mango , Mangifera foetida ) are also grown on a more localized basis . It is the national fruit of India , Pakistan , and the Philippines , and the national tree of Bangladesh .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "946e8e922540eb618371353d7e1bd6a4", "text": "Philippine mahogany Philippine mahogany is a common name for several different species of trees and their wood . Botanically , the name refers to Toona calantas in the mahogany family , Meliaceae . It is endemic to the Philippines . In the US timber trade , it is often applied to wood of the genus Shorea in the family Dipterocarpaceae . Rarely , it may also refer to the narra tree ( Pterocarpus indicus ) in the legume family , Fabaceae .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e0372e8105748102f138225500c825b", "text": "Langkaan Langkaan is a barangay located on the south-western part of Dasmariñas in Cavite , Philippines . The name `` Langkaan '' came from the word `` langka '' meaning jackfruit ; which is believed to be planted in many parts of this barangay during the 1900 , the year of its foundation . Barangay Langkaan was a part of a vast hacienda during the Spanish period that 's why there are numerous water systems for ricefields that can be found here . The San Agustin Dam was constructed in 1855 . On the last part of the 19th century , the Spaniards erected an indigo plantation here . The stone-made grinder of indigo still exists until now and it is the mark of the Spanish influence in the place . The Spaniards are the first ones who planted sugar canes and became the primary source of income during the 18th century . During those times , tarapiche and carabaos are used to make panucha and paldo . Don Placido Campos and Andres Medina are the ones who owned these tarapiche . When the Americans arrived , this place attracted residents from the Poblacion . The families Quillao , Bautista , Sarabusab , Reyes , Remulla , Sango , Laudato , Empeño , Satsatin , Medina , de Lima and others transferred here during those times . During the Second World War , the Japanese had a big plantation of cotton trees in Langkaan . Dasmarineños were forced to work here . A Japanese concentration camp was also established in this area . Now , this is considered to be a backbone of the economic progress of Dasmariñas . The presence of numerous factories in different industrial estates in this area , such as the First Cavite Industrial Estate , serves as the working place for the workers living in Dasmariñas and other towns of Cavite as well . -LSB- 43 -RSB- Two barangays are located in this district , these are : Category : Dasmariñas Category : Barangays of Cavite", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea7119ca9e48994efc8515b0c42a7897", "text": "Pouteria sapota Pouteria sapota , mamey sapote , is a species of tree native to Mexico and Central America , naturally ranging from southern Mexico to southern Costa Rica , plus Cuba . Today , the tree is cultivated not only in Mexico , but also in Central America , the Caribbean , and South Florida for its fruit , which is commonly eaten in many Latin American countries . Mamey can be found in many Latin American communities throughout the USA , where it is made into milkshakes and ice cream among other things . Some of its names in Latin American countries , such as mamey colorado ( Cuba ) , zapote colorado ( Costa Rica ) and zapote rojo ( South America ) , refer to the reddish colour of its flesh in order to distinguish it from the unrelated but similar looking Mammea americana , whose fruit is usually called `` yellow mamey '' ( Mamey amarillo ) . The Australian and Queensland Government 's research and development programs have produced mamey sapote in Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa747655294f57e0b561f3c765a19ec8", "text": "Kent (mango) The ` Kent ' mango is a named mango cultivar that originated in south Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03a942f6dbfa08f96ec9930e70927d36", "text": "Mango pudding Mango pudding is a dessert of Indian origin usually served cold . It is very popular in Hong Kong , where pudding is eaten as a traditional British food . Mango pudding originated in India and the recipe was introduced from the British in the 19th century . There is very little variation between the regional mango pudding 's preparation . The dessert is also found in Singapore , Malaysia , Thailand , Macau and is often served as dim sum in Chinese restaurants . The fresh variant is prepared by the restaurant or eatery and consists of agar or gelatin , mangoes , evaporated milk , and sugar . In addition , fresh fruit such as mango , strawberries , berries and kiwifruit , are occasionally added as garnish . Served and eaten refrigerator cold , mango pudding has a rich and creamy texture . Some Chinese restaurants make the mango pudding in fish shape because goldfish or koi expresses good luck in Chinese culture . On the other hand , factory-made mango pudding does not contain fresh mangoes and instead , consists of mango essence and either gelatin or agar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b7dbc50eb00a094c6b08786b0c07251", "text": "Mango language (Sino-Tibetan) Mango ( autonym : -LSB- ma˨˩ŋo˨˩ -RSB- ) is a Lolo-Burmese language spoken by just under 50 people in Guangnan County , Yunnan , China . Mango is spoken in the two villages of Mumei 木美 ( Mango : -LSB- mei˥te˧ -RSB- ) and Zhelai 者赖 ( Mango : -LSB- ɕi˥te˧ -RSB- ) , both located in Babao Town 八宝镇 ( Mango : -LSB- ba˧wo˧ -RSB- ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f63e88615a36ebd60442fdfcac6f0cb", "text": "Kapampangan cuisine Lútûng Kapampángan `` differed noticeably from that of other groups in the Philippines . '' It has many similarities with Spanish , Malay , and even Mexican . The Kapampangan kitchen is the biggest and widely used room in the traditional Kapampangan household . When the Philippines was under Spanish rule , Spanish friars and sailors taught Kapampangans the basics of Spanish cooking . The Kapampangans were able to produce a unique blend that surprised the Spanish palate . Soon Spanish friars and government officials were entertaining foreign guests at the expense of Kapampangan households . In the late 18th century , the Arnedo clan of Apalit were commissioned by the colonial government to entertain foreign dignitaries that included a Cambodian prince and a Russian archduke . Kapampangans were given the task of creating the meal and menu that was served in the proclamation of the First Philippine Republic in Malolos , Bulacan . Some popular Kapampangan dishes that have won over the Filipino palate across the country include its famous sisig , morcon , menudo , caldereta , estofado , embotido , asado , lengua , lechon , chicharon , afritada , bringhi ( paella ) , tabang talangka ( crab meat ) , ( the `` tocino '' or pindang and their native version of the longaniza . A unique Kapampangan dish that is well enjoyed by other ethnic groups is nasing biringyi ( chicken saffron rice ) . Since nasing biringyi is so difficult to prepare , this unique Kapampangan dish can only be enjoyed during fiestas in Pampanga . It should be compared to the Nasi Briyani dish of Malaysia . Kapampangan dishes that remain a challenge to other cultures include balo balo or burung bulig ( mudfish fermented in rice ) of Candaba , betute tugak ( stuffed frogs ) of Mexico and Magalang , adobung kamaru ( mole crickets sauted in vinegar and garlic ) , calderetang barag ( spicy monitor lizard stew ) , kubang asu ( sweet and spicy dog stew ) of Macabebe and tidtad itik ( duck stewed in blood ) of Masantol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b10f7ba0357083c8ec819aea17f627e", "text": "Haden (mango) The ` Haden ' mango ( or , ` Hayden ' ) is a named mango cultivar that became one of the most widely cultivated in the world after it was introduced in the early 20th century through south Florida . It would ultimately become the parent of many other mango cultivars later developed in Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "348074346c57c092353893f19ed4549b", "text": "Philippines–United States relations Philippines -- United States relations ( Filipino : Ugnayang Pilipinas at Estados Unidos ) are bilateral relations between the United States of America and its former colony , the Republic of the Philippines . The relationship between the United States and the Philippines has historically been strong and has been described as a Special Relationship . The current Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte , however , is supportive of a foreign policy that is less dependent on the United States , favoring one that prioritizes closer relations with China instead . The Philippines is one of the oldest Asian partners of the U.S. and a strategically major non-NATO ally . The United States was consistently ranked as one of the Philippines ' favorite nations in the world , with 90 % of Filipinos viewing the U.S. and 91 % viewing Americans favorably in 2002 , 90 % of Filipinos viewing U.S. influence positively in 2011 , 85 % of Filipinos viewing the U.S. and Americans favorably in 2013 , and 92 % of Filipinos viewing the U.S. favorably in 2015 , and 89 % having confidence in United States president , Barack Obama in 2014 , making the Philippines the most pro-American country in the world . On October 20 , 2016 , the President of the Philippines announced a `` separation '' from the US , both militarily and economically , in favor of alliances with China and Russia . This article discusses Philippine -- American relations after Philippine independence from the United States in 1946 , while the article History of the Philippines ( 1898 -- 1946 ) describes the history of the Philippines during American colonial rule .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6295488f87c25bbd56f4e1512c665b72", "text": "Key lime The Key lime ( Citrus × aurantiifolia ) is a citrus hybrid ( C. micrantha x C. medica ) with a globose ( spherical shaped ) fruit , 2.5 -- 5 cm in diameter ( 1 -- 2 in ) , that is yellow when ripe but usually picked green commercially . It is smaller and seedier , with a higher acidity , a stronger aroma , and a thinner rind , than that of the Persian lime ( Citrus × latifolia ) . It is valued for its unique flavor compared to other limes . The name comes from its association with the Florida Keys , where it is best known as the flavoring ingredient in Key lime pie . It is also known as West Indian lime , bartender 's lime , Omani lime , or Mexican lime , the last classified as a distinct race with a thicker skin and darker green color . Philippine varieties have various names , including dayap and bilolo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "060e06ebbb6704bec6d9f05f98fd5391", "text": "Lime (fruit) A lime ( from French lime , from Arabic līma , from Persian līmū , `` lemon '' ) is a hybrid citrus fruit , which is typically round , lime green , 3 -- in diameter , and containing acidic juice vesicles . There are several species of citrus trees whose fruits are called limes , including the Key lime ( Citrus aurantifolia ) , Persian lime , kaffir lime , and desert lime . Limes are an excellent source of vitamin C , and are often used to accent the flavours of foods and beverages . They are grown year-round . Plants with fruit called `` limes '' have diverse genetic origins ; limes do not form a monophyletic group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f2c656d27015d08f4099dda6861ee01", "text": "Seal of Guam The Seal of Guam appears in the middle of the flag of the United States territory of Guam . It depicts Agaña Bay near Hagåtña , a local proa and a palm tree . Charles Alan Pownall approved the seal in 1946 . The coconut tree , also known as the Tree of Life , holds a dominant position on Guam 's symbol . The shape of the seal is that of a Chamorro sling stone used as a weapon for warfare and hunting . The sling stone was quarried from basalt and coral . The coconut tree , growing in infertile sand , symbolizes self-sustenance and determination to grow and survive under any circumstance , with its fronds open to the sky -- defies the elements to bend its will . Its bent trunk attests to a people which have been tested by famine , natural calamities , genocide and foreign wars but have continued to endure as a race . The seal also includes a flying Proa , a seagoing craft built by the Chamorro people , which was fast and agile in the water requiring great skill to build and sail . The river channel , where fresh water rushes out to interact with the ocean , symbolizes a willingness to share the resources of the land with others . The permanence of the land mass of Hila'an in the background demonstrates the Chamorro 's commitment to their homeland and environment , be it sea or land . Also in the background , `` Two Lovers ' Point '' juts majestically into the endless waters of the sea , portraying the people 's faithful commitment to passing their proud heritage , culture , and language to the endless sea of future generations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8abb0a6376e24eb5a51da1691fb90559", "text": "Melon Day Melon Day is an annual national holiday in Turkmenistan devoted to festivities to celebrate the country 's muskmelon , in particular a recent crossbreed product named `` Turkmenbashi melon '' ( after Turkmenistan 's first president ) , which is praised for its aroma , taste and large size . It takes place on the second Sunday in August . This holiday was established by Turkmenistan 's then-president Saparmurat Niyazov in 1994 , who preferred to be known as Turkmenbashi , or leader of the Turkmens . The day 's celebrations feature a large display of the fruit in all its varieties , as well as a series of dance and music events , in the country 's capital Ashgabat . In his address to farmers in 2004 , President Niyazov said : `` Almighty God has turned Turkmen soil into a fertile source of an abundance of the tastiest fruits . Among them are Turkmen melons , which are the result of farmers ' hard work and which have a unique taste reminiscent of the fruit of paradise . '' In newspapers Niyazov has been quoted as saying , `` The Turkmen melon is the source of our pride . Its taste has no equals in the world , the smell makes your head spin . '' Melon Day is among 24 public holidays of Turkmenistan -- typical titles of which are Drop of Water is a Grain of Gold Festival , Festival of the Poetry of Magtymguli , Good Neighborliness Day , Racing Horse Day , and Carpet Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccc6bbc0f20079b1e564b99a25f82169", "text": "Bagoong monamon Bagoong monamon , bagoong monamon-dilis , or simply bagoong and bugguong munamon in Ilocano , is a common ingredient used in the Philippines and particularly in Northern Ilocano cuisine . It is made by fermenting salted anchovies ( `` monamon '' or `` munamon '' in Ilocano ) which is not designed , nor customarily used for immediate consumption since it is completely raw . Therefore , it is used as a cooking ingredient , upon when it is cooked alone , it can be used as an accompaniment to traditional food dishes . To most Westerners unfamiliar with this condiment , the smell can be extremely repulsive . Bagoong is however , an essential ingredient in many curries and sauces . This bagoong is smoother than bagoong terong , however , they are similar in flavor . The odor is unique and smells strongly of fish . Fish sauce , common throughout Southeast Asian cuisine , is a by-product of the bagoong process . Known as patis , it is distinguished as the clear refined layer floating on the thicker bagoong , itself . Patis and bagoong can be interchanged in recipes , depending on personal taste and preference . Bagoong is used as a flavor enhancing agent , in the place of salt , soy sauce , or monosodium glutamate . It is used in creating the fish stock that is the base for many Ilocano dishes , like pinakbet , or as a dressing to greens in the dish called kinilnat or ensalada . Bagoong is also used as a condiment , in many cases , a dipping sauce for chicharon , green and ripe mangoes , or hard boiled eggs . It is similar in taste and smell to that of anchovy paste . Bagoong munamon is marketed either with bits of fermented fish ( which is often used to make flavorful soups , especially in the Ilocano `` Dinengdeng ; '' or it can be fried for a quick meal ) or without ( marketed as `` boneless '' bagoong munamon , usually stored in bottles ) . Boneless bagoong , if left undisturbed for quite some time , will settle to the bottom of its container , separating the clear patis from the solids , as patis comes from bagoong . In other areas of the Philippines , this type of bagoong can be named for the locale they came from , e.g. bagoong balayan ( which is produced in the coastal town of Balayan in the Province of Batangas ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83845700eab7a43ee96b62aed4cf6159", "text": "Mango (singer) Mango , stage name of Giuseppe Mango ( 6 November 1954 , in Lagonegro -- 8 December 2014 , in Policoro ) , was an Italian singer-songwriter and musician . He was known for his style which fuses pop , rock , folk , world music and for his extensive vocal range . He is best known for the song `` Oro '' , from his 1986 breakout album release Odissea . Other hits include `` Lei verrà '' , `` Mediterraneo '' , `` Bella d'estate '' , `` Amore per te '' , `` Come Monnalisa '' , `` Nella mia città '' and `` La rondine '' . Mango has been defined by Italian music author Mario Luzzatto Fegiz as an `` authentic innovator of Italian pop music '' and Allmusic considers him an `` Italian rock fusion innovator '' . He wrote songs for Italian artists such as Patty Pravo , Loredana Berté , Andrea Bocelli , Mietta . Part of his repertoire was performed by Italian and foreign musicians including Mina , Mia Martini , Leo Sayer , Hélène Ségara and Eleftheria Arvanitaki .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2b172e2ef323a43d8f8c098be2b0a8f", "text": "Philippine general election, 2010 Elections for all positions in the Philippines above the barangay ( except for Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao regional level ) were held on May 10 , 2010 . The elected president is Benigno `` Noynoy '' Aquino , the 15th President of the Philippines , succeeding President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo who was barred from seeking re-election due to term restrictions . The successor of vice-president Noli de Castro is Jejomar Binay , the 15th vice president of the Philippines . The legislators elected in the 2010 elections have joined the senators of the 2007 elections and comprise the 15th Congress of the Philippines . The 2010 election was administered by the Commission on Elections ( COMELEC ) in compliance with the Republic Act No. 9369 , also known as the Amended Computerization Act of 2007 . It was the first national computerized election in the history of the Philippines . Although there were cases of precinct count optical scan ( PCOS ) machine failures , there was no postponement of elections since most technical issues were resolved by election day . Despite the fact that some provinces have reported failure of elections , these have not surpassed the 0.50 % of the total number of PCOS machines , and most were replaced on time . Local elections were held in all provinces , cities and municipalities for provincial governors , vice governors and board members , and city/municipal mayors , vice mayors and councilors . There were more than 85,000 candidates for 17,000 national and local positions and it is believed that the youth had the swing vote in this election as 40 % of voters are 18-35 and there are a potential 3 million first-time voters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "688961806928118777c08070a07fa162", "text": "Garut orange Garut Oranges are a fruit variety grown in Indonesia 's mountains and hilly areas in Garut Regency at Wanaraja , Samarang and Bayongbong Districts . These locations feature mountains or hilly areas , with highland views of more than 900 m ( 2,953 ft. ) above sea level . Many kinds of fruits and vegetables compete for this growing area . When Indonesia was a Dutch colony , Garut Oranges were considered one of Indonesia 's most famous exotic fruits . Garut Oranges have a good taste , good coloring , thick skin textures , and good aroma . Crops have been significantly damaged by Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration ( CVPD ) . Category : Oranges Category : Fruits originating in Asia Category : Flora of Indonesia", "title": "" }, { "docid": "663c95fb334585cc3417bb93a3025475", "text": "Palm oil production in Malaysia Palm oil production is vital for the economy of Malaysia , which is the world 's second - largest producer of the commodity after Indonesia . The Malaysian Palm Oil Board ( MPOB ) is a government agency responsible for the promotion and development of the palm oil sector in the country . The country 's palm oil industry produces about 90 million tones of lignocellulosic biomass , including empty fruit bunches , oil palm trunks , and oil palm fronds , as well as palm oil mill effluent ( POME ) . In 2010 , in response to concerns about social and environmental impact of palm oil , the Malaysian Government pledged to limit palm oil plantation expansion by retaining at least half of the nation 's land as forest cover .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9561537aaba0fca11342f7650de8cff", "text": "Filipino values The Filipino value system or Filipino values refers to the set of values or the value system that a majority of the Filipino have historically held important in their lives . This Philippine value system includes their own unique assemblage of consistent ideologies , moral codes , ethical practices , etiquette and cultural and personal values that are promoted by their society . As with any society though , the values that an individual holds sacred can differ on the basis of religion , upbringing and other factors . As a general description , the distinct value system of Filipinos is rooted primarily in personal alliance systems , especially those based in kinship , obligation , friendship , religion ( particularly Christianity ) and commercial relationships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59580e567363aa3e4ac83a372151b07e", "text": "Metro Manila Metropolitan Manila ( Kalakhang Maynila , Kamaynilaan ) , commonly known as Metro Manila or simply Manila , is the official and administrative definition of the urban area surrounding the Philippine capital city , Manila . It is the capital region of the Philippines , the seat of government , and the 2nd most populous and most densely populated region of the country . Also officially known as the National Capital Region ( NCR ) , it is composed of the City of Manila , Quezon City , the country 's most populous city , and the cities of Caloocan , Las Piñas , Makati , Malabon , Mandaluyong , Marikina , Muntinlupa , Navotas , Parañaque , Pasay , Pasig , San Juan , Taguig , and Valenzuela , including the only remaining municipality of Pateros . The National Capital Region , with an area of 619.5 km2 , has a population of , making it the second most populous region in the Philippines , as well as the 9th most populous metropolitan area in Asia . The total urbanized area , referring to its continuous urban expansion into the provinces of Bulacan , Cavite , Laguna , Rizal and Batangas , was listed as having a population of by Demographia , making it the 4th most populous urban area in the world . These 5 provinces , plus Metro Manila and Pampanga , sum to 30.7 million residents as of the newly counted census of 2015 . The region is the center of culture , economy , education and government of the Philippines . NCR is one of the 12 defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines according to the National Economic and Development Authority . Designated as a global power city , NCR exerts a significant impact on commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and entertainment , both locally and internationally . It is the home to all the consulates and embassies in the Philippines , thereby making it an important center for international diplomacy in the country . Its economic power makes the region the country 's premier center for finance and commerce . NCR accounts for 37.2 % of the gross domestic product of the Philippines . The region was established in 1975 through Presidential Decree No. 824 in response to the needs to sustain the growing population and for the creation for the center of political power and the seat of the Government of the Philippines . The Province of Manila , the predecessor entity of the region , is one of the first eight provinces that revolted against the Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines at the end of the 19th century . Manila 's role in the Revolution is honoured in the Flag of the Philippines , where the sun 's eight rays symbolise the eight revolutionary provinces .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f212799e8e7d3d739bea9521171ced2c	George Best has been described as "the worst player to ever pull on the green shirt of Wales."	[ { "docid": "3e4d6d1afd8a764a6c2da541ed6a2878", "text": "George Best George Best ( 22 May 1946 -- 25 November 2005 ) was a Northern Irish professional footballer who played as a winger for Manchester United and the Northern Ireland national team . In 1968 , he won the European Cup with Manchester United , and was named the European Footballer of the Year and FWA Footballer of the Year . The Irish Football Association described him as the `` greatest player to ever pull on the green shirt of Northern Ireland '' . Born and brought up in Belfast , Best began his club career in England with Manchester United , with the scout who had spotted his talent at the age of 15 sending a telegram to manager Matt Busby which read : `` I think I 've found you a genius . '' After making his debut for United aged 17 , he scored 179 goals from 470 appearances over 11 years , and was the club 's top goalscorer in the league for five consecutive seasons . One of the greatest dribblers of all time , his playing style combined pace , skill , balance , feints , two-footedness , goalscoring and the ability to beat defenders . Best unexpectedly quit United in 1974 at age 27 , but returned to football for a number of clubs around the world in short spells , until retiring in 1984 , age 37 . In international football , he was capped 37 times and scored nine goals between 1964 and 1977 , although a combination of the team 's performance and his lack of fitness in 1982 meant that he never played in the finals of a European Championship or World Cup . Best was one of the first celebrity footballers , earning the nickname `` El Beatle '' in 1966 , but his subsequent extravagant lifestyle led to various problems , most notably alcoholism , which he suffered from for the rest of his life . These issues affected him on and off the field , at times causing controversy . He said of his career : `` I spent a lot of money on booze , birds -LSB- women -RSB- and fast cars -- the rest I just squandered '' . After football , he spent some time as a football analyst , but his financial and health problems continued into his retirement . He died in 2005 , age 59 , due to complications from the immunosuppressive drugs he needed to take after a liver transplant in 2002 . Best was married twice , to two former models , Angie Best and then Alex Best . His son Calum Best was born in 1981 from his first marriage . Before he died , Best was voted 8th in the World Soccer 100 greatest football players of the 20th century election in 1999 and was voted 16th in the IFFHS World Player of the Century election in 1999 . He was on the six man short list for the BBC 's Sports Personality of the Century in 1999 . Best was one of the inaugural 22 inductees into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002 . In 2004 , he was voted 19th in the public UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll and was named in the FIFA 100 list of the world 's greatest living players . Former Brazilian footballer Pelé stated , `` George Best was the greatest player in the world '' . Best was once quoted as saying , `` Pelé called me the greatest footballer in the world . That is the ultimate salute to my life . '' On what would have been his 60th birthday , Belfast City Airport was renamed the George Best Belfast City Airport . According to the BBC , Best was remembered by mourners at his public funeral held in Belfast as `` the beautiful boy '' -LSB- with a -RSB- `` beautiful game '' . Mark Garnett and Richard Weight have explored the enduring appeal of George Best . The British like their heroes to be tragic ones : possessed of enough glamour and talent for stardom to be lived vicariously through them ; yet flawed and vulnerable enough for the public not to be threatened by their success .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a911eb6bade535c29c3c78df73491232", "text": "Brian Lloyd Brian William Lloyd ( born 18 March 1948 ) is a Welsh former footballer who played as a goalkeeper . He played 545 times in the Football League for five clubs and was capped three times by the Welsh national team . He began his professional career at Stockport County in 1967 , having signed from Rhyl . He transferred to Southend United two years later , before ending up at Wrexham in 1971 . He spent six years as the Welsh club 's first choice keeper , before he was sold to Chester City . In 1981 , he was loaned out to Port Vale , before he re-signed for Stockport County . He left the Football League in 1983 , and later spent some years in Welsh football with Bangor City , Colwyn Bay , Rhyl , and Lex XI . He won Player of the Year awards at both Wrexham and Chester City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f4c14a3d7d74562ff22568fd48f70e7", "text": "Julian Dicks Julian Andrew Dicks ( born 8 August 1968 ) , is an English former professional footballer , manager and former professional golfer . He is the current first-team coach for West Ham United . Playing from 1985 until 2002 , he was a defender , notably in the Premier League for West Ham United and Liverpool . He was voted West Ham 's player of the year four times between 1990 and 1997 . He also played in the Football League for Birmingham City where he started his footballing career , ending it in 2002 in non-league football with Canvey Island . He became manager of Wivenhoe Town in 2009 , before moving to Grays Athletic later that year . He was capped by both the England U21 and England B sides . He was known as a `` hard man '' adopting the nickname of The Terminator . He was a tough tackler with a strong shot in regular demand as a penalty and free-kick taker . Dicks had a reputation for poor on-field discipline which brought him to the attention of referees , the press and footballing authorities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c5da70b08615632729398964cc6369b", "text": "Ospreys (rugby team) The Ospreys ( Y Gweilch ) , formerly the Neath-Swansea Ospreys is one of the four professional rugby union teams from Wales . They compete in the Guinness Pro12 and the Heineken Cup . The team formed as a result of Neath RFC and Swansea RFC combining to create a new merged entity , as part of the new regional structure of Welsh rugby , that began in 2003 . They are also affiliated with a number of local semi-professional and amateur clubs , including Welsh Premier Division sides Aberavon RFC , Bridgend Ravens , and original founding clubs Neath and Swansea . The regional area represented by the team has widely become known for rugby purposes as ` Ospreylia ' . Their main home ground is the Liberty Stadium , Swansea , although some smaller profile games have been played at the Brewery Field , Bridgend . Ospreys currently play in a black home strip , while the away strip is white and orange . The Ospreys logo consists of an image of an Osprey mask . The Ospreys are the most successful Welsh team in the history of the Celtic League or Pro12 tournament , having won the competition four times . They also became the first and only Welsh regional team to beat a major touring side , defeating 24 -- 16 in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b4cb656ae4ae9f005c789932a6c7680", "text": "Football Association of Wales The Football Association of Wales ( Cymdeithas Bêl-droed Cymru ) ( FAW ) is the governing body of association football in Wales . It is a member of FIFA , UEFA and the IFAB . Established in 1876 , it is the third-oldest national association in the world , and one of the four associations , along with the English Football Association , Scottish Football Association , Irish Football Association and FIFA , that make up the International Football Association Board , responsible for the Laws of the Game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d7ddf2ddfdf8ee0561009e525cbdb97", "text": "George Edwards (Welsh footballer) George Edwards ( 2 December 1920 -- 21 October 2008 ) was a Welsh professional footballer and Wales international .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "125232bb44142b60160f484a3fce4077", "text": "George Green (cricketer) George Green ( 13 April 1880 -- 25 November 1940 ) was an English cricketer who played first class cricket for Derbyshire between 1903 and 1907 . Green was born at Hasland , Derbyshire , the son of William Green a general labourer and his wife Mary Ann . He made his debut for Derbyshire in the 1903 season against London County in August , when he scored a duck in his only innings and bowled four overs without a wicket . He played two matches in the 1904 season when he bowled 2 for 40 against Nottinghamshire and made his top score of 20 against Surrey . In the 1906 season he played one game against MCC , when he took 2 for 31 . He played two final matches in the 1907 season in which he made low scores and took no wickets . Green played eleven innings in six first class matches with an average of 3.54 and a top score of 20 . He was a left-arm medium pace bowler and took 6 first-class wickets at an average of 39.33 and a best performance of 2 for 31 . Green died at Clay Cross , Derbyshire at the age of 60 ,", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72c55ae57ebc2cade78aa69c533affef", "text": "Kenny Dalglish Kenneth Mathieson Dalglish , MBE ( born 4 March 1951 ) is a Scottish former footballer and manager . In a career spanning 22 years , he played for Celtic and Liverpool , winning numerous honours with both . He is Scotland 's most capped player of all time with 102 appearances , and also Scotland 's joint-leading goal scorer , with 30 goals . Dalglish won the Ballon d'Or Silver Award in 1983 , the PFA Player of the Year in 1983 , and the FWA Footballer of the Year in 1979 and 1983 . In 2009 FourFourTwo named Dalglish as the greatest striker in post-war British football , and in 2006 he topped a Liverpool fans ' poll of `` 100 Players Who Shook the Kop '' . He has been inducted into both the Scottish and English Football Halls of Fame . Dalglish began his career with Celtic in 1971 , going on to win four Scottish First Divisions , four Scottish Cups and one Scottish League Cup with the club . In 1977 , Liverpool manager Bob Paisley paid a British transfer record of # 440,000 ( # today ) to bring Dalglish to Liverpool . His years at Liverpool were among the club 's most successful periods , as he won six Football League First Divisions , two FA Cups , four League Cups , seven FA Charity Shields , three European Cups and one UEFA Super Cup . For these achievements and his style of play he was given the name King Kenny by Liverpool supporters . Dalglish became player-manager of Liverpool in 1985 after the resignation of Joe Fagan , winning a further three First Divisions , two FA Cups and four FA Charity Shields , before resigning from Liverpool in 1991 . Eight months later Dalglish made a return to football management with Blackburn Rovers , whom he led from the Second Division to win the Premier League in 1995 . Soon afterwards he stepped down as Blackburn manager to become Director of Football at the club , before leaving altogether in 1996 . In January 1997 Dalglish took over as manager at Newcastle United . Newcastle finished runners-up in both the Premier League and FA Cup during his first season , but they could only finish 13th in 1997 -- 98 , which led to his dismissal the following season . Dalglish went on to be appointed Director of Football at Celtic in 1999 , and later manager , where he won the Scottish League Cup before an acrimonious departure the following year . Between 2000 and 2010 Dalglish focused on charitable concerns , founding The Marina Dalglish Appeal with his wife to raise money for cancer care . In January 2011 Dalglish was appointed Liverpool 's caretaker manager after the dismissal of Roy Hodgson , becoming the permanent manager in May 2011 . Despite winning the League Cup which earned them a place in the Europa League and reaching the FA Cup Final , Liverpool could only finish 8th in the Premier League , and Dalglish was dismissed in May 2012 . In October 2013 , Dalglish returned to Anfield as a non-executive director . On 3 May 2017 , it was announced that in recognition of Dalglish 's contribution to the club and community , the stadium 's Centenary Stand was to be renamed the Kenny Dalglish Stand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddefcb32a5da1486fa6571b71b2cd30d", "text": "Ralph Knibbs Ralph Knibbs is a former elite rugby union player for Bristol Rugby . He made his debut as a seventeen-year-old against Pontypridd RFC in 1982 , scoring with his first touch of the ball . Knibbs had a repertoire of running angles and scored many individual tries in his Bristol career which lasted until 1996 . He played in the 1983 cup final as an eighteen-year-old , and represented Gloucestershire in all their games in the 1982/83 championship-winning campaign . He was also an accomplished basketball player , athlete and American football player prior to his rugby career . He played for the South West Division , England under-23s , and the England Sevens . He turned down the chance to go on the 1984 England rugby union tour of South Africa , because of his opposition to apartheid . He also declared himself unavailable for 1988 England rugby union tour of Australia and Fiji , due to work commitments , making him one of the only players ever to turn down England national rugby union team twice . Despite this , Knibbs made 436 appearances for Bristol Rugby , scoring 123 tries , and was vice-captain during the centenary season . he later captained Clifton Rugby Football Club where he ended his career . On 18 February 2007 Knibbs was also named in The Sunday Times top 10 centres of time along with names such as Brian O'Driscoll and Simon Halliday by Bath rival Jeremy Guscott who described Knibbs as being `` silky and absolutely superb '' and whom admitted it was a `` crying shame he never won an England cap '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55e26ffd44caffc3c3c448d6fadacd54", "text": "Gareth Davies (footballer, born 1959) Gareth Robert Davies ( born 6 October 1959 ) is a Welsh former professional footballer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e98b499c074901673258648333f65dfc", "text": "Ken Scotland Kenneth `` Ken '' James Forbes Scotland ( born 29 August 1936 ) is a Scottish former rugby union player . He played for Scotland 27 times between 1957 and 1965 , and 5 times for the British Lions on their 1959 tour of New Zealand ; he was a full-back . He played his club rugby for Leicester Tigers , London Scottish FC , Heriot 's FP and Ballymena . He also played for the Scottish national cricket team . Scotland was originally picked for the match against France , while doing his National Service in the Army , and scored the only points in the match , a drop goal and a penalty . Richard Bath writes of him that : `` Like Gavin Hastings against France nearly three decades later , Ken Scotland started his international career on a high note , scoring all six points in his country 's win over France . Yet although Scotland made a huge impact when he won his first cap aged 19 , it could all have been so different . Until circumstances caused his selection at full-back at for the Scottish Trial earlier that year , Scotland had always played fly-half . That experience of playing fly-half added another dimension to his game , and he soon emerged as the first true attacking full-back in an age where a safety-first attitude and a large boot were the most important attributes for any No. 15 ... Novel at the time , it is now the staple diet of attacking full-backs the world over . '' However , after his first international season he ran into trouble , when he had a trial for Cambridge University , and it is claimed he lost his form all that autumn , and was only third choice for the University . An injury to Robin Chisholm brought him back onto the Scotland team , and played for another five seasons without discussion . Gordon Waddell was one of his more famous team mates at Cambridge . Scotland 's goal kicking style was highly influential : `` As a goal kicker he popularized the instep style , then deplored by most coaches , now adopted by most kickers ... His record as a goal-kicker hardly compares with Andy Irvine , but then the modern ball flies further and truer . '' But on the other hand , Scotland missed three penalty kicks against during 1962 Calcutta Cup . After graduating from Cambridge Scotland 's career took him to work in Tamworth , he joined Leicester Tigers making his debut against Bath in September 1961 . In his first season , he was the club 's top point scorer with 138 from 24 games despite international calls limiting his availability . In 1963 work took Scotland to Edinburgh and he left Leicester after 40 games and 240 points . After moving to Aberdeen , Ken Scotland played for Aberdeenshire , and for the Scottish North and Midlands district team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1997c5cc2f3faca015ad0355989db78", "text": "Ron Davies (Welsh politician) Ronald Davies ( born 6 August 1946 ) is a Welsh politician , former Secretary of State for Wales , former Member of Parliament and former member of the Welsh Assembly . He describes himself as a politician belonging to the `` traditional left '' who had `` spent his life looking for a socialist progressive party '' . He was a member of the Labour Party until 2004 , then joining Forward Wales . He was an Independent from 2009 to 2010 before joining Plaid Cymru in that year . He is credited with being the ` architect of devolution ' in Wales and led the campaign to create the National Assembly for Wales . He became the first Cabinet Minister to resign from Tony Blair 's Cabinet , in 1998 , following what became known as a `` moment of madness '' when he was mugged at knifepoint after agreeing to go for a meal with a man he had met at the well-known gay meeting place of Clapham Common . In 2004 he resigned from the Labour Party and joined Forward Wales , for which he has unsuccessfully stood as a candidate . In the 2008 local elections he was elected to Caerphilly County Borough Council , as an independent councillor for the Bedwas , Trethomas and Machen ward . He has since joined Plaid Cymru .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e879f9c6056330b310993726931514e", "text": "The Worst The Worst may refer to : The Worst ( Tech N9ne album ) , 2000 , or the title song The Worst ( Sarcófago album ) , 1997 , or the title song `` The Worst '' ( Wu-Tang Clan and Onyx song ) , 1998 `` The Worst '' ( Jhené Aiko song ) , 2013 `` The Worst '' , a song by Lower Class Brats from The New Seditionaires", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51cb3f100ff965bef603d4a9eece43a5", "text": "George Glascodine George Glascodine ( 1856 -- ) was a Welsh international footballer . He was part of the Wales national football team , playing 1 match on 18 January 1879 against England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5391ab2fc26e5b8a263e723441535f6", "text": "Heroes and Villains (football fanzine) Heroes and Villains is the title of a football fanzine written by and primarily aimed at fans of Aston Villa F.C. . It was launched in 1989 , and has been in regular print ever since , long surpassing 100 issues . It has been edited from the start by Dave Woodhall . Although of course primarily concerned directly with the fortunes of Aston Villa , occasionally other general football articles and humorous , nostalgic pieces are to be found amongst its pages . It was often critical of Doug Ellis who was the chairman of Aston Villa during the period 1982 to 2006 ( his second spell at the club ) . He was seen by many fans as being complacent and unambitious regarding the fortunes of the team . As with most fanzines , many articles contain much baiting of local rival football clubs and their fans , in this case chiefly Birmingham City F.C. and West Bromwich Albion F.C. However , a goodly part of the fanzine 's contents consist of contributors ' personal views on and memories of experiences derived from being a supporter of Aston Villa . Aston Villa 's richly varied history , particularly that of the last 25 years and within living memory of most contributors , consisting as it does of Villa 's League Championship and European Cup winning achievements of '81 and ' 82 , their mid '80s decline culminating in relegation in ' 87 , followed by a revival under Graham Taylor 's management which led to an unexpected league runners-up spot just 3 seasons later , provides much material . As does a further , also unexpected , runners up placing in ' 93 , league cup triumphs in '94 and ' 96 , and the generally solid but unspectacular performance of the team , up to the 2005-2006 season 's underachievements and the broad feeling of dissatisfaction with the way the club was being run . Something of a running joke in the fanzine concerns Villa 's underachievement in the FA Cup , the club having not won the competition since 1957 , with their only final appearance since then consisting of a dismal performance in losing 1-0 to the pre-Roman Abramovich Chelsea in 2000 . As the 3rd round of the competition - Villa 's usual entry point - approaches each season , many fans come to the agreement that this year is definitely `` our year for the cup ... '' For the start of the 2014-15 season , the fanzine phased out the paper publishing format of distribution , and is now available only to download to computers , mobile devices , and so on . The fanzine also spawned a website forum which remains very popular among Villa supporters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e68b7bbb55c88f77757401ae2e3fbf6", "text": "Bridgend Street A.F.C. Bridgend Street are a Welsh football club based in Cardiff . The club currently play in the Welsh Football League Division Three , which is the fourth tier of the Welsh football league system in South Wales . The club emulate from the tough Splott district of the capital and have been established since way back in 1899 . Bridgend Street were arguably one of the most successful teams in Cardiff , winning multiple honors domestically and also regionally virtue of the highly coveted South Wales Amateur Cup under the astute management of club stalwarts Laurence `` Lollar '' Marshall and Edward Crawley throughout the 1970 and 1980 decades . With the newly formed South Wales Senior League formed , the club then won their place in that league in 1993 and went on to be record five-time winners of the title until their promotion to The Welsh Football League . The Senior League 's CW Bruty Cup was won in 1997 after defeating Pentwyn Dynamos 2-1 in the final under the managership of Joe Feehan and a few seasons later , the first of the club 's five Senior League title was won under the guidance of their ex-player Garry Fowler in 1999/2000 season whilst former players , Kingsley Lloyd , and Geraint Brooks led the club to two more South Wales Senior League titles in 2005 and 2006 . This resulted in the duo receiving the South Wales FA Manager of The Year award . In 2007-2008 Kingsley Lloyd led the club to its then highest possible cup accolade . Despite a modest mid table finish in the South Wales FA Senior League Premier Division the team defied all odds and lifted the prestigious South Wales Senior Cup , beating South Wales Amateur League champions and Welsh League bound Chorus ( Port Talbot ) in a tense final by a 2-1 score line . In addition the team appeared in two consecutive CW Bruty Cup Finals in 2006 and 2007 ironically losing both in a penalty shootout after the games were tied . Promotion to the Welsh League came in 2010 under the guidance of the much travelled Gary Proctor after another two back-to-back Senior League titles . The club 's first team are currently ( 2016/17 ) managed by Craig Dale while the Welsh League reserve team are managed by Paul Morgan and Joseph Rees . Bridgend Street also have a team in the Welsh League Youth Division and are managed by long serving former Street player Keith Joseph , plus teams in the Cardiff & District Mini League who are coached by Kyle Debono , Paul Edwards , Dean Harford and Simon Fish . The Bridgend Street home base is The New Fleurs Sports & Social Club ( CF24 5YE ) which is located in Portmanmoor Road , only yards away from the land where the now demolished Bridgend Street once stood . The club 's stadium is independently situated within the grounds of Willows High School , which is located on the border of Splott and Tremorfa and stands in the shadow of the sprawling Celsa steel plant . The 2016-17 season has been disappointing on the league front however Street have had a tremendous Welsh League Cup run , eliminating along the way Taffs Well ( the holders of the cup for the past two seasons ) and beating another division one outfit Haverfordwest County in a momentous semi final that will never be forgotten . Despite being reduced to 9 men and trailing 3-1 in injury time Street somehow summoned up the strength to score twice and take the game into extra time . Yet again it seemed as though Street were on their way out of the cup trailing 5-4 in the last minute of extra time but miraculously equalised again and eventually won 4-2 on penalties against their more illustrious opponents . Bridgend Street eventually lost 3-1 to a fine Llanelli Town outfit in The Nathaniel Welsh League Cup Final at Old Road , Briton Ferry Llansawel , bizarrely the semi final will live longer in peoples memories than the actual final itself . A fine achievement by manager Craig Dale , coaches Lee Moore & Matt Boyd-Anderson and the entire squad", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4c70ee68f27f01c19b5f79f43004ded", "text": "Grenville Morris Arthur Grenville Morris ( 13 April 1877 -- 27 November 1959 ) was a Welsh footballer who played for Nottingham Forest and Swindon Town , and who was also capped by Wales . Usually just known as Grenville Morris , he was born in Builth Wells , Wales . He was one of the greatest players of his generation and was known as The Prince of the Inside-Lefts . He was educated at Ellesmere College , Shropshire from May 1892 - December 1893 . He moved from Aberystwyth Town to Swindon Town in early 1897 , and went on to play 50 games for the Robins in all competitions , scoring 44 goals . Morris moved on to Nottingham Forest in 1898 for a sum of # 200 . He still holds Forest 's all-time goal scoring record with 217 in all competitions . He won his first full international Welsh cap at the age of 18 in 1896 against England , and went on to play 21 times for his country , the last 16 of which were whilst he was with Forest . His last Welsh cap came on 11 March 1912 against England . He scored a total of nine goals in international football .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b1ad7838713b73bf540c4c6daf01b23", "text": "1981–82 British Home Championship The 1981-82 British Home Championship between the British Home Nations was won by a dominant England football team which won all three of its matches as the tournament returned after being abandoned in 1981 due to civil disturbances in Northern Ireland . The championship was eagerly awaited because for the first time since 1958 , three of the Home Nations were featuring in a World Cup ; the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain and this was a chance to see them in competitive action before the World Cup began . The end-of-season format that had been used throughout the 1970s was dropped as it was felt three games in eight days was too intense at the end of a season and prior to a World Cup . The English began impressively with a heavy victory over Northern Ireland at home , followed by victory away in Wales . The Scots could only manage a draw with the disappointing Irish by contrast although they did beat Wales . The Welsh managed to salvage a result in their third game with a 3 -- 0 defeat of Northern Ireland to claim third place . In the final deciding match in Glasgow , England edged victory through a Paul Mariner goal and thus claimed the championship . In the World Cup , Scotland were eliminated in the first round whilst England went out in the second round without losing a game . The unfancied Irish however provided a shock by beating hosts Spain and eliminating Yugoslavia in the first round before falling victim to the inspired French in round two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72d88a5cd18f97133e790bb7c928baa4", "text": "George Gray (1920s footballer) George R. Gray ( fl . 1920 -- 1952 ) was an English footballer who played in the Football League as a wing half for Swansea Town and Northampton Town in the 1920s . He began his senior career with West Hartlepool , and was on the books of Bury without representing them in the league . He went on to work for Sunderland as trainer , then took full-time charge of the treatment room , and did some scouting . He acted as trainer to the England team when they played Wales at Roker Park in 1950 . His son , also a George Gray , played League football as a half back for Grimsby Town , Swindon Town and Darlington in the 1950s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41eca9d196ea0b0fa74bebaa1e2ad1cf", "text": "Griffiths Griffiths is a surname with Welsh origins , as in Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr . People called Griffiths recorded here include : Alan Griffiths ( born 1952 ) , Australian politician and businessman Alan Griffiths ( cricketer ) ( born 1957 ) , English cricketer Albert Griffiths ( 1871 -- 1927 ) , better known as Young Griffo , boxing champion Andrew Griffiths ( disambiguation ) , several people Anne Griffiths ( 1932 -- 2017 ) , personal archivist of the Duke of Edinburgh Barri Griffiths ( 1982 -- ) , Welsh professional wrestler and former Gladiators competitor Bede Griffiths ( 1906 -- 1993 ) , British-born monk and missionary in India Bryn ( Brynlyn ) Griffiths , Welsh poet and writer Cecil Griffiths ( 1901 -- 1945 ) , British athlete Charles Griffiths ( politician ) , Australian politician Colin Griffiths ( born 1983 ) , English comedian , DJ , VJ and writer Ciarán Griffiths ( born 1983 ) , British actor , currently in Shameless Dan Griffiths ( 1857 -- 1936 ) , Welsh international rugby player David Griffiths ( disambiguation ) , several people Dean Griffiths ( born 1980 ) , Jamaican hurdler Derek Griffiths ( born 1946 ) , British actor Dewi Griffiths ( born 1931 ) , Welsh television producer and radio host Eddie Griffiths , Australian fire fighter , World War I veteran and rugby league footballer Eliezer Griffiths ( 1827 -- 1920 ) , a Welsh Congregationalist minister in Australia Frances Griffiths : see Cottingley Fairies Franny Griffiths , English musician , member of the band Space Fred Griffiths ( rugby league ) , South African rugby league footballer Fred Griffiths ( actor ) ( 1912 -- 1994 ) , British actor H. W. Griffiths ( Henry W. Griffiths Jr. ) , Idaho railroad photographer Howard Griffiths ( disambiguation ) , several people Ivor Griffiths ( 1918 -- 1993 ) , Welsh footballer Jemma Griffiths ( 1975 -- ) , better known as Jem , Welsh singer-songwriter Joel Griffiths ( 1979 -- ) , Australian soccer John Griffiths ( surgeon ) ( 1754 -- 1822 ) , Surgeon to Queen Charlotte 's household John Griffiths ( Conservative politician ) , leader of St Edmundsbury Borough Council , Suffolk J. Gwyn Griffiths , poet , Egyptologist and Welsh nationalist political activist John Lewis Griffiths , Consul General of the United States to Britain John W. Griffiths ( 1809 -- 1882 ) , American naval architect Käte Bosse-Griffiths ( 1910 -- 1998 ) , German born Egyptologist and writer in the Welsh language Leigh Griffiths , Scottish footballer Linda Griffiths ( 1953 -- 2014 ) , Canadian actor and playwright Louise Griffiths , pop singer , songwriter and actress Lucy Griffiths ( actress , born 1919 ) Lucy Griffiths ( actress , born 1986 ) Marcia Griffiths ( 1949 -- ) Jamaican singer M. A. Griffiths ( 1947 -- 2009 ) , British poet Maurice Griffiths ( 1902 -- 1997 ) , English yachtsman , boat designer and writer on sailing subjects Mike Griffiths , Welsh international rugby player Niall Griffiths ( born 1966 ) , English author Peter Griffiths , English politician Philip Jones Griffiths ( 1936 -- 2008 ) , Welsh photojournalist Philip Lewis Griffiths ( 1881 -- 1945 ) , Australian jurist Phillip Griffiths ( born 1938 ) , American mathematician Rachel Griffiths ( born 1968 ) , Australian actress Ralph Griffiths , eighteenth-century editor and publisher Rhys Griffiths ( footballer ) Rhys Griffiths ( rugby league ) Richard Griffiths ( 1947 -- 2013 ) , British actor Robert Griffiths ( disambiguation ) , several people Rowland Griffiths ( 1886 -- 1914 ) , Wales international rugby union player Ryan Griffiths ( guitarist ) ( 1978 -- ) Sandi Griffiths ( born 1945 ) , American singer Selina Griffiths , British actress Terry Griffiths ( born 1947 ) , retired Welsh snooker player Terry Griffiths ( politician ) ( 1944 -- 2009 ) , New South Wales politician Trevor Griffiths ( born 1935 ) , English dramatist Tuffy Griffiths , boxer William Griffiths ( disambiguation ) , several people", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acbc8cb30c3ca67611f95f67325ed93c", "text": "Danny Winter Daniel `` Danny '' Winter ( 14 June 1918 -- 22 March 2004 ) was a Welsh footballer who played in the Football League for Bolton Wanderers and Chelsea . Danny Winter started his footballing career at 15 years of age playing for local team Maes yr Haf at Garth Park , Trealaw in the Rhondda Valley . Whilst playing for Maes yr Haf , young Danny 's footballing skills did n't go unnoticed and he received offers from Arsenal F.C. and Bolton Wanderers F.C. Danny chose Bolton Wanderers F.C. as in addition to football coaching , some office based training was included . On his 17th birthday , Danny turned professional and he played his first game for the first team against Sunderland in February 1937 . Danny played regularly for the first team between August 1938 and May 1939 . August 1939 saw Danny play 3 times before war was declared . At one of those home games , the captain Harry Goslin encouraged fans and players to join him in signing up for the military . Shortly after the entire team signed up for the army , joining the 53rd Bolton Royal Artillery Regiment which formed part of the British Expeditionary Force which saw action initially in France and was fortunately evacuated from Dunquerke ( Dunkirk ) in May/June 1940 . Following a period of home leave during 1941 , Danny was on his way to catch a train back to barracks when during an air raid , he was knocked down by a car and suffered injuries which meant several weeks in different hospitals . Danny was released from hospital for a few days to marry the love of his life Ellen Harris , in Bolton on 29 November 1941 . Following his marriage Danny spent several months recovering from his injuries at a convalescent home in Cheshire . Due to injuries sustained when he was knocked down , Danny was deemed unfit for active service abroad and was posted to Woolwich Barracks where he was assigned to an anti aircraft gun battery . During the war , the Football Authorities tried to keep football going for entertainment and with Danny being stationed at Woolwich , he became a guest player with Chelsea between 1943 and 1945 . In May 1945 Danny played for Chelsea against Millwall at Wembley in the Football League ( South ) Cup final ; Chelsea won 2:0 . Danny received his medal from King George VI . Danny chose to stay in London and following his demob around October 1945 , he continued playing for Chelsea as a guest player . In December 1945 Chelsea formally requested Danny 's transfer from Bolton Wanderers F.C. his transfer fee was # 5,000 . Danny played regularly for Chelsea until 1951 and often captained the team when regular captain John Harris was n't playing . During 1945 Danny played twice for Wales and whilst at Chelsea Danny became a member of the Players Union Committee which later became the Professional Footballers Association . Danny never played for Wales again . Following the end of his footballing career Danny returned home to the Rhondda where he spent many years in the family building business . Throughout the 1970 's , 80 's and 90 's , Danny was a regular at the Professional Footballers Association dinners in London . He also took an active part in the Dunkirk Veterans Association , Swansea branch for many years . In 1994 Danny was diagnosed with Alzheimers , fortunately he was able to continue living at home and was looked after by his wife and son . Following several years of ill health , Danny died at his home aged 85 and rather poignantly he is buried in Trealaw Cemetery overlooking Garth Park playing fields where his footballing career began 70 years earlier . David Winter ( Son )", "title": "" } ]	fever
596750f7e1e2fb6a288d0a1a95f6ca00	Bring It On (film) had zero involvement from Jesse Bradford.	[ { "docid": "91c443f2b5d61cfbaa93cff987c0d1ac", "text": "Bring It On (film) Bring It On is a 2000 American teen comedy film directed by Peyton Reed and written by Jessica Bendinger . The film stars Kirsten Dunst , Eliza Dushku , Jesse Bradford , and Gabrielle Union . It was the first of the Bring It On film series and was followed by four direct-to-video sequels , none of which contain any of the original cast members : Bring It On Again ( 2004 ) , which shared producers with the original , Bring It On : All or Nothing ( 2006 ) , Bring It On : In It to Win It ( 2007 ) , and Bring It On : Fight to the Finish ( 2009 ) . The plot of the film centers around a team 's preparation for , and participation in cheerleading competitions . Bring It On was released in theaters in the North America on August 25 , 2000 . The film received mostly positive reviews , with some critics praising its light nature and humorous take on its subject , and others criticizing its conventional and formulaic plot . Bring It On earned a worldwide gross of approximately $ 90 million , and was considered a financial success . Since its release , the film has become a cult classic .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bbaa10f8d636fc5e6bef0152b9d8660a", "text": "Priceless (2016 film) Priceless ( known also as Priceless : She 's Worth Fighting For ) is a 2016 American romantic drama film about human trafficking , inspired by true events . It is directed by Ben Smallbone and produced by Steve Barnett with a screenplay by Chris Dowling and Tyler Poelle . Starring singer Joel Smallbone , Bianca Santos , Amber Midthunder , Jim Parrack , and David Koechner , it tells the story of a man who has his life changed when meets two girls , which falls in love with one and starts to protect them from evil forces in the country with bad purposes . The film is being distributed by Roadside Attractions and it was released on October 14 , 2016 to generally positive reviews from critics and audience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f989b31194417efcb528494f8b7b56e2", "text": "A Simple Plan (film) A Simple Plan is a 1998 American neo-noir crime thriller film adapted by Scott B. Smith from his 1993 novel of the same name . Directed by Sam Raimi , the film stars Bill Paxton , Billy Bob Thornton and Bridget Fonda . Set in rural Minnesota , the story follows Hank Mitchell ( Paxton ) and his brother Jacob ( Thornton ) , who , along with Jacob 's friend Lou ( Brent Briscoe ) , discover a crashed plane containing $ 4.4 million in cash . The three men go to great lengths to keep the money a secret but begin to doubt each other 's trust , resulting in lies , deceit and murder . Development of the film began in 1993 before the novel was published . Mike Nichols purchased the film rights , and the project was picked up by an independent film studio , Savoy Pictures . After Nichols stepped down , the film adaptation became mired in development hell ; during the troubled pre-production , Ben Stiller and John Dahl turned down opportunities to direct the film . After Savoy closed in November 1995 , the project was sold to Paramount Pictures . John Boorman was hired to direct , but scheduling conflicts led to his replacement by Raimi . Principal photography began in January 1998 and concluded in March after 55 days ; filming took place in Wisconsin and Minnesota . The score was produced and composed by Danny Elfman . A Simple Plan premiered at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival , where it was met with critical acclaim . The film 's appearance at the festival preceded a limited release in the United States on December 11 , 1998 , followed by a general release in North America on January 22 , 1999 . It underperformed at the North American box office , grossing $ 16.3 million on a $ 17 million production budget . Reviewers praised various aspects of the film 's production , including the storytelling , performances and Raimi 's direction . A Simple Plan earned multiple awards and nominations , among them two Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor ( Thornton ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( Smith ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94fac71226bd19832e059ef3a0280bff", "text": "Barenaked in America Barenaked in America is a 1999 documentary film about the Canadian band Barenaked Ladies filmed during the 1998-1999 Stunt tour . Directed by actor Jason Priestley , the film was first shown at the Toronto International Film Festival . The band and director introduced the film at the Winter Garden theatre . Barenaked in America was originally released in the United States through a distribution deal with Blockbuster Video , and was available only for rental in VHS format . Blockbuster put many of its remaining copies on the sale rack , in an effort to eliminate its inventory , after their exclusive deal had expired . Barenaked in America has since been released on DVD in territories outside of North America , with no word on a US or Canadian release . The film has run on premium movie channels in the US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5a53da979cf205f9f68d05694188386", "text": "Jesse James (1939 film) Jesse James ( 1939 ) is a western film directed by Henry King and starring Tyrone Power , Henry Fonda , Nancy Kelly and Randolph Scott . Written by Nunnally Johnson , the film is loosely based on the life of Jesse James , the notorious outlaw from whom the film derives its name . It is `` notorious for its historical inaccuracy . '' The supporting cast features Henry Hull , John Carradine , Brian Donlevy , Jane Darwell and Lon Chaney , Jr. . . The American Humane Association began to oversee filmmaking after a horse died when it was driven off a cliff on set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0f22ec9fd044990a32acd4501e7ca19", "text": "Samuel Fuller Samuel Michael Fuller ( August 12 , 1912 -- October 30 , 1997 ) was an American screenwriter , novelist , and film director known for low-budget , understated genre movies with controversial themes . Fuller 's wrote his first screenplay for Hats Off in 1936 , and made his directorial debut with the Western I Shot Jesse James ( 1949 ) . He would continue to direct several other Westerns and war thrillers throughout the 1950s . Fuller shifted from Westerns and war thrillers in the 1960s with his low-budget thriller Shock Corridor in 1963 , followed by the neo-noir The Naked Kiss ( 1964 ) . He was inactive in filmmaking for most of the 1970s , before writing and directing the war epic The Big Red One ( 1980 ) , and the experimental White Dog ( 1982 ) , whose screenplay he co-wrote with Curtis Hanson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74e47255cdc858f93b6c54c9bfcbe9cb", "text": "LBJ (film) LBJ is a 2017 American political drama film directed by Rob Reiner and written by Joey Hartstone . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Richard Jenkins , Bill Pullman , Kim Allen , Michael Stahl-David , Jennifer Jason Leigh , Jeffrey Donovan , Doug McKeon , and Michael Mosley . Filming began on September 21 , 2015 in New Orleans . It was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival . On October 12 , 2016 at the 27th edition of the New Orleans Film Festival , Rob Reiner accepted the inaugural Career Achievement Award from LBJ lead actor Woody Harrelson . LBJ made a second film festival showing in less than a month . On May 2 , 2017 , it was announced that Dean Devlin 's Electric Entertainment had acquired all of the film 's North American rights and that the film would be released in 2017 . It was then announced on May 4 that the film would be released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab4cf33a837d51f61adc05d8d60a3129", "text": "Christmas on Mars Christmas on Mars is a science fiction film from the alternative rock band The Flaming Lips , written and directed by the band 's frontman , Wayne Coyne , and featuring the entire band in the cast , as well as many of their associates , including Steve Burns , Adam Goldberg , and Fred Armisen . The film began development in 2001 , filming was completed in October 2005 , and the film premiered on May 25 , 2008 at the Sasquatch ! Music Festival . For its general release in the United States , Christmas on Mars was booked into several dozen cities for unconventional screenings , in venues which included a former Ukrainian Socialist Social Club in New York City . The film was released in three different packages on November 11 , 2008 through conventional retailers as well as through the band 's website . A vinyl edition was released November 25 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "273f5d64f3a1f7af3a48cd07c6a40835", "text": "Snakes on a Plane (Bring It) `` Snakes on a Plane ( Bring It ) '' , also referred to as `` Bring It ( Snakes on a Plane ) '' , is the debut single by Cobra Starship , released in 2006 from the soundtrack album Snakes on a Plane : The Album . The song features William Beckett of The Academy Is ... , Travie McCoy of Gym Class Heroes , and Maja Ivarsson of The Sounds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e85697858df9358f3b8caefd2613450", "text": "Joshua Gomez Joshua Eli Gomez ( born November 20 , 1975 ) is an American actor best known for his role as Morgan Grimes on Chuck . He is the younger brother of actor Rick Gomez . Gomez appeared in a recurring role in the CBS series Without a Trace as computer tech James Mackeroy . He appeared in a series of IBM commercials , a series of Wendy 's commercials ( Ranch Tooth ) , and a commercial for Garmin . He also made a cameo on Freddy 's Nightmares . He played Sammy Stinger in Bring It On Again , 2004 . As a voice actor , Gomez played Baralai in the video game Final Fantasy X-2 , opposite his brother Rick 's character , Gippal , and as Parker in Turok . He also had a small part at the beginning of BioShock as Johnny . In September 2007 , he began starring in the NBC series Chuck as the title character 's friend , Morgan Grimes . Gomez is friends with Chuck co-star , Zachary Levi , in real life . Joshua was nominated for Outstanding Male Performance in the Comedy Television Series at the 2008 ALMA Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19f3137ae61a64d9cd6576b81a555618", "text": "Full Frontal (film) Full Frontal is a 2002 film by Steven Soderbergh about a day in the life of a handful of characters in Hollywood . It stars Catherine Keener , Blair Underwood , David Duchovny , Julia Roberts , Mary McCormack , Brad Pitt , and David Hyde Pierce . The film was shot on digital video using the Canon XL-1s in under a month . The film blurs the line between what is real and what is fiction in its depiction of a film within a film ( and possibly within another ) . It is in the loose structural style and narrative ambiguity of the French New Wave , and it received critical notice for this style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e51b316c43e990039a1231d46cef2ce8", "text": "Stoned (film) Stoned , also known as The Wild and Wycked World of Brian Jones in the UK , is a 2005 film about Brian Jones , one of the founding members of The Rolling Stones . The film is a cinematic work of historical fiction , taking as its premise the idea that Jones was murdered by Frank Thorogood , a builder who had been hired to renovate and improve Jones 's house Cotchford Farm in East Sussex . The film also paints a picture of Jones 's use of alcohol and drugs , and his relationships with Anita Pallenberg and Anna Wohlin . The film was directed by Stephen Woolley , and written by Neal Purvis and Robert Wade . Leo Gregory played the role of Brian Jones and Paddy Considine of Frank Thorogood . This film grossed $ 38,922 in limited theatrical release in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b3f5cfd290c6616a468aa0d108426e2", "text": "Rufus King (band) Rufus King is an alternative rock band from Woodland , CA . They wrote and performed the song , `` Just What I Need '' , which is featured in the film Bring It On .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b33f33a8da7eb25ad8645310159a5766", "text": "The Comedy The Comedy is a 2012 drama film directed and co-written by Rick Alverson , and starring Tim Heidecker . Supporting actors include Eric Wareheim ( Tim and Eric ) , James Murphy ( LCD Soundsystem ) , and Gregg Turkington ( better known as Neil Hamburger ) . The film was premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and screened within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival 2012 . The film was distributed by Tribeca Film and was slated for theatrical release on November 9 , 2012 and nationwide On Demand starting October 24 , 2012 . Despite the title and use of comedians as actors , Sundance festival chief programmer Trevor Groth says that the film is not a comedy , but instead `` a provocation , a critique of a culture based at its core around irony and sarcasm and about ultimately how hollow that is . '' The first ten minutes of the film was purposely leaked onto various torrent websites with an anti-piracy statement at the end of the video . The resulting publicity made the actual film the most pirated independent film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf3158fb061e4fb804a3f88dd7dea841", "text": "The Last Ride (2011 film) The Last Ride is a 2011 American drama about the last days of country music pioneer and legend Hank Williams . The film stars Henry Thomas , Jesse James , and Fred Dalton Thompson , and received a limited release on October 21 , 2011 . Despite the content , no recordings by Williams are ever played during the film . The soundtrack is composed of covers of Williams ' songs among other country musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6dfef7935bd1fb452849d44a47c997ae", "text": "Bring It On: In It to Win It Bring It On : In It to Win It is a 2007 teen film directed by Steve Rash and starring Ashley Benson , Cassie Scerbo and Michael Copon . It is the fourth film in the Bring It On franchise , which focuses on competitive cheerleading . It was shot at Universal Orlando Resort in Orlando , United States . It was released direct-to-video on December 18 , 2007 . There are no recurring cast members or canonical references to its predecessors . Only Steve Rash , who also directed the previous film , Bring It On : All or Nothing , returned to direct this film . The film stylistically refers to its predecessors in that it opens with a choreographed routine that turns out to be a dream sequence of the protagonist and the end credits feature outtakes and clips of the cast having fun dancing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aeb02af3a9c6d1c31d9af0c12e317517", "text": "Bring It On (film series) Bring It On is a series cheerleading films . The series began with Bring It On ( 2000 ) and was followed by four direct-to-video sequels , none of which contain any of the original film 's cast members : Bring It On Again ( 2004 ) , which shared producers with the original film , Bring It On : All or Nothing ( 2006 ) , Bring It On : In It to Win It ( 2007 ) , and Bring It On : Fight to the Finish ( 2009 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcfcf712016410e2ab90a10445e6a506", "text": "Bare Bones International Film Festival The Bare Bones International Film and Music Festival was founded in 1999 by the Darkwood Film Arts Institute ( DFAI ) in the city of Muskogee , Oklahoma to showcase independent motion picture projects with budgets of less than 1 million dollars ( hence Bare Bones ) . The festival runs for eleven days each year in late April at several venues in downtown Muskogee . MovieMaker Magazine called Bare Bones a `` small-town festival that celebrates indie auteurs , directors , screenwriters , actors and cinematographers in a big way . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70547857d976e7a5dd6bbb5d028bfe09", "text": "The Damned United The Damned United is a 2009 British biographical sports drama film directed by Tom Hooper and adapted by Peter Morgan from David Peace 's bestselling novel The Damned Utd , a largely fictional book based on the author 's interpretation of Brian Clough 's ill-fated tenure as football manager of Leeds United in 1974 . It was produced by BBC Films and Left Bank Pictures with additional funding from Screen Yorkshire and Columbia Pictures . Sony Pictures Entertainment distributed the film . The film was originally proposed by Stephen Frears but he pulled out of the project in November 2007 . Hooper took his place and film was shot from May to July 2008 . The film marks the fifth collaboration between screenwriter Peter Morgan and actor Michael Sheen who plays Clough . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 27 March 2009 and in North America on 25 September . The film grossed $ 4.1 million worldwide against a $ 10 million production budget . The film received nominations for the British Independent Film Award for Best Supporting Actor , the ALFS Award for British Supporting Actor of the Year , the Satellite Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture , Drama and Best Actor in a Supporting Role and the Writers ' Guild of Great Britain Award for Best Feature Film Screenplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1fa25961685500c1943b35b3003171d", "text": "Send It On (Disney's Friends for Change song) `` Send It On '' is a song performed by American recording artists Demi Lovato , the Jonas Brothers , Miley Cyrus and Selena Gomez . The group , billed as Disney 's Friends for Change , stems from Disney 's environmental initiative of the same name . `` Send It On '' was written by Adam Anders , Nikki Hassman , and Peer Åström and produced by Anders and Åström . The song was released on August 11 , 2009 by Walt Disney and Hollywood Records as a promotional charity single in order to benefit international environmental associations . In regard to the song and the campaign , the six singers noted that it is a good cause and that it is one dear to them . The ballad is lyrically about passing on an environmentalist message . The song garnered mixed to average reviews from critics , who noted that the lyrics make no mention of the environment . The song received airplay only on Radio Disney and peaked at number twenty on the Billboard Hot 100 . The corresponding music video has all four acts singing into microphones on top of a brightly lit stage and running across a park setting where many children are following them .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f530ec33f518077aec60d56b40c8a91d	Roald Dahl writes books.	[ { "docid": "f907203da81558e114f1fa3604acbcbf", "text": "Roald Dahl Roald Dahl ( -LSB- langpronˈroʊ.əld _ ˈdɑːl -RSB- , -LSB- ˈɾuːɑl dɑl -RSB- ; 13 September 1916 -- 23 November 1990 ) was a British novelist , short story writer , poet , screenwriter , and fighter pilot . His books have sold more than 250 million copies worldwide . Born in Wales to Norwegian parents , Dahl served in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War , in which he became a flying ace and intelligence officer , rising to the rank of acting wing commander . He rose to prominence in the 1940s with works for both children and adults and he became one of the world 's best selling authors . He has been referred to as `` one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century '' . His awards for contribution to literature include the 1983 World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement , and the British Book Awards ' Children 's Author of the Year in 1990 . In 2008 , The Times placed Dahl 16th on its list of `` The 50 greatest British writers since 1945 '' . Dahl 's short stories are known for their unexpected endings and his children 's books for their unsentimental , macabre , often darkly comic mood , featuring villainous adult enemies of the child characters . His books champion the kind-hearted , and feature an underlying warm sentiment . Dahl 's works for children include James and the Giant Peach , Charlie and the Chocolate Factory , Matilda , The Witches , Fantastic Mr Fox , The BFG , The Twits and George 's Marvellous Medicine . His adult works include Tales of the Unexpected .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "19e76911273692e77520700f5997cfe8", "text": "Roy Apps Roy Apps ( born 1951 ) is a British screenwriter , dramatist and children 's author . In 2001 Roy Apps was awarded a personal BAFTA for outstanding contributions to children 's film and television . For 10 years he wrote for the award-winning CBBC series Byker Grove where his first job was to write out the show 's leading characters ` PJ and Duncan ' played by Ant and Dec. . He co-devised and wrote for the award-winning series The Ghost Hunter and has contributed to many other TV series , including Chucklevision , Barmy Aunt Boomerang , Stacey Stone and Casper 's Scare School . He has written over a hundred scripts for BBC radio , including Fungus the Bogeyman , which won a Sony Award . His most recent work includes The Master & Mrs Tucker , a play about the friendship between Noël Coward and E Nesbit and Life Begins at Crawley , a comedy drama featuring Penelope Keith . Both of these dramas were made for BBC Radio 4 by the award-winning independent production company Pier Productions . He is the author of 78 children 's books . In 1991 , his novel The Secret Summer of Daniel Lyons won the Writers ' Guild Children 's Book Award and was shortlisted for the Whitbread Awards . The Fang Gang series is published by Bloomsbury . Charlie - Prince Of Wheels is published by the Oxford University Press . His popular How to Handle ... series has been relaunched as part of the Franklin Watts EDGE series . He has recently been commissioned to write four new titles for his sports series Dream to Win . He regularly visits schools to help young writers create books , plays , films , poetry , musical theatre and opera . He has been Writer-in-Residence at The Museum of Canterbury , OperaHouse Music Projects , the Aspire Trust , the Palace Theatre , Westcliff-on-Sea and The National Gallery , London . He is Patron Of Reading at two schools : Oakley School , Tunbridge Wells and Paddington Academy , West London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5c81ad0a2cd257358a173b6131f9564", "text": "Indian English literature Indian English Literature ( IEL ) refers to the body of work by writers in India who write in the English language and whose native or co-native language could be one of the numerous languages of India . Its early history began with the works of R. K. Narayan , Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao who contributed to Indian fiction in the 1930s . It is also associated with the works of members of the Indian diaspora , such as V. S. Naipaul , Kiran Desai , Jhumpa Lahiri , Kovid Gupta , Agha Shahid Ali , Rohinton Mistry and Salman Rushdie , who are of Indian descent . It is frequently referred to as Indo-Anglian literature . ( Indo-Anglian is a specific term in the sole context of writing that should not be confused with Anglo-Indian ) . As a category , this production comes in the broader realm of postcolonial literature -- the production from previously colonised countries such as India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1eb91e16566c01dd31ca4f28cf4a940d", "text": "Spoilt Rotten Spoilt Rotten : The Toxic Cult of Sentimentality ( subtitle in US editions : How Britain is Ruined by Its Children ) is a non-fiction book by the British writer and retired doctor and psychiatrist Theodore Dalrymple , originally published in 2010 . Polemical in nature , the book contends that sentimentality has become culturally entrenched in British society , with harmful consequences . The author uses a range of cultural , educational , political , media and literary issues -- including falling standards in education , UK aid policies for African development , the death of Diana , Princess of Wales , the disappearance of Madeleine McCann , and the work and life of Sylvia Plath -- to illustrate what he sees as the danger of abandoning logic in favour of sentimentality , which he describes as `` the progenitor , the godparent , the midwife of brutality '' . Much of Dalrymple 's analysis is underpinned by his experience of working with criminals and the mentally ill . Spoilt Rotten received a mostly favourable reception in the media . Dalrymple was praised for carrying out a thought-provoking and convincing analysis of a newly emerged cultural phenomenon which sees emotion substituted for reason . Some critics , however , accused the author of cynicism and misanthropic pessimism in his approach , and the historian Noel Malcolm claimed that Dalrymple had overreached in his analysis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2299fc8bf63cf3ff777f34743d02f1f9", "text": "BBC Books BBC Books ( also formerly known as BBC Publishing ) is an imprint majority owned and managed by Penguin Random House through its Ebury Publishing division . The minority shareholder is BBC Worldwide , the commercial subsidiary of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The imprint has been active since the 1980s . BBC Books publishes a range of books connected to BBC radio and television programming , including cookery , natural history , lifestyle , and behind the scenes `` making-of '' books . There are also some non-programme related biographies and autobiographies of various well-known personalities in its list . Amongst BBC Books ' best known titles are cookery books by former TV cook Delia Smith , wildlife titles by Sir David Attenborough and gardening titles by Alan Titchmarsh . In the BBC Publishing days , it turned down The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , a book which has now sold over 14,000,000 copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe4927d95e5ff29c5eb8dbcfd4b8147d", "text": "Mr. Botibol `` Mr. Botibol '' is a short story by Roald Dahl , first collected in 1980 in the short story collection More Tales of the Unexpected by Penguin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eddd29b5630fd48264f7e16857e27a7", "text": "Rudyard Kipling's Verse: Definitive Edition The Definitive Edition of the verse of Rudyard Kipling ( 1865 -- 1936 ) was published in 1940 in London by Hodder and Stoughton , Ltd and in Edinburgh by R. R. Clark . It is a one-volume collection and was printed on India paper . The bibliographical information given on the verso of the title page ( the ` Edition notice ' ) of the 1958 reprint of the 1940 edition gives the following information ( years link to corresponding '' -LSB- year -RSB- in poetry '' article ) : The first edition of Kipling 's Collected Verse ( 1885 -- 1912 ) was published in 1912 , with a reprint in the same year . The second collected edition , the Inclusive Edition ( 1885 -- 1918 ) was first published in 3 volumes in December 1919 . A second impression came out in April 1920 . This edition ( inclusive of his verse from 1885 to 1918 ) was issued as a single volume in October 1921 , and went through 18 further impressions by August 1926 . The third collected edition ( Inclusive Edition , 1885 - 1926 ) appeared as a single volume in September 1927 . 11 more impressions came out by October 1931 . The fourth Inclusive Edition of Rudyard Kipling 's Verse ( 1885 -- 1932 ) , in one volume , appeared in October 1933 , and was followed by six impressions up to November 1939 . The Definitive Edition of Rudyard Kipling 's Verse appeared posthumously in 1940 . It was reprinted -- the edition notice of the 1958 reprint states -- in 1941 , 1949 and 1958 . Many other versions of Kipling 's verse have been made . These include Kipling , Rudyard ( 1913 ) Songs from Books , London , Macmillan . Kipling , Rudyard ( 1925 ) A choice of songs from the verse of Rudyard Kipling , London , Methuem . Kipling , Rudyard ( 1941 ) A Choice of Kipling 's Verse made by T.S.Eliot , with an essay on RUDYARD KIPLING , London , Faber and Faber . Kipling , Rudyard ( 1986 ) Early verse by Rudyard Kipling , 1879-1889 : unpublished , uncollected , and rarely collected poems , Oxford , Clarendon Press . Kipling , Rudyard ( 1992 ) Rudyard Kipling : selected poetry , London , Penguin . Kipling , Rudyard ( 1994 ) The collected poems of Rudyard Kipling , introduction and notes by R. T. Jones , Ware , Wordsworth Editions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "952bbee73096ff5de7dc7663c1fadbaf", "text": "Places of interest in Buckinghamshire Buckinghamshire , England is most notable for its open countryside and natural features , including the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and the River Thames . The county is also home to many historic houses , some of which are open to the public through the National Trust , such as Waddesdon Manor , West Wycombe Park and Cliveden ; and others which still act as private houses such as the Prime Minister 's country retreat Chequers . Buckinghamshire is also the home of various notable people from history in whose honour tourist attractions have been established . The most notable of these is the author Roald Dahl who included many local features and characters in his works . There are various notable sports facilities in Buckinghamshire such as Adams Park , and the county is also home to the world-famous Pinewood Studios . This is a list of places of interest in the county . See List of places in Buckinghamshire for a list of settlements .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3c17fc59292f43fe45251487374083e", "text": "Profile Books Profile Books is a British independent book publishing firm founded in 1996 . It publishes non-fiction subjects including history , biography , memoir , politics , current affairs , travel and popular science . Profile Books is distributed in the UK by Random House and sold by Faber & Faber , and is part of the Independent Alliance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "725d7bc7cca2c524fc4bef4a17793501", "text": "Sally Ledger Sally Ledger ( 14 December 1961 - 21 January 2009 ) was a Professor of Victorian literature who made major contributions to the fields of nineteenth-century women 's writing , literary feminism , and the study of Charles Dickens . Ledger took her undergraduate studies at Queen Mary University of London , where she won the George Smith Prize for the best English First in the University of London in 1985 . She completed her graduate studies at the University of Oxford , where she worked on the novels of Mark Rutherford under the supervision of Terry Eagleton at Wadham College . While at Oxford she was involved with the student pressure group Oxford English Limited , and wrote for its journal News from Nowhere : Journal of the Oxford English Faculty Opposition ; she also contributed to the journal Literature Teaching Politics , where her first published article appeared in 1987 . After her doctorate , Ledger had lectureships at Royal Holloway University of London , the University of Exeter and the University of the West of England before moving to Birkbeck University of London in 1995 as a Lecturer in English . She was promoted to Reader in 2001 and Professor in 2006 . Ledger moved to Royal Holloway University of London in 2008 to take up the Hildred Carlile Chair of English . Professor Ledger 's major publications are The New Woman : Fiction and Feminism at the Fin de Siècle ( Manchester University Press , 1997 ) and Dickens and the Popular Radical Imagination ( Cambridge University Press , 2007 ) . She also wrote a study of Henrik Ibsen for Northcote House 's ` Writers and Their Work ' series ( 1999 ) , and co-edited a series of volumes : Political Gender : Texts and Contexts ( Routledge , 1994 ) , Cultural Politics at the Fin de Siècle ( Cambridge University Press , 1995 ) , The Fin de Siècle : A Reader in Cultural History ( Oxford University Press , 2000 ) and the posthumously published Charles Dickens in Context ( Cambridge University Press , 2013 ) . She also edited George Egerton 's Keynotes and Discords ( Bloomsbury Academic , 2000 ) . From 2005-2009 she was an integral part of the Dickens Project conference at the University of California , Santa Cruz and was planning a book on the origins of Victorian sentimentality at the time of her death . The British Association of Victorian Studies inaugurated the Sally Ledger Memorial Bursary fund for postgraduate students in her honour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35885d23808908b2aec855f4172f2398", "text": "The Famous Five (series) The Famous Five is the name of a series of children 's adventure novels written by English author Enid Blyton . The first book , Five on a Treasure Island , was published in 1942 . The novels feature the adventures of a group of young children -- Julian , Dick , Anne and Georgina ( George ) -- and their dog Timmy . The stories take place in the children 's school holidays after they have returned from their respective boarding schools . Each time they meet they get caught up in an adventure , often involving criminals or lost treasure . Sometimes the scene is set close to George 's family home at Kirrin Cottage in Dorset , such as the picturesque Kirrin Island , owned by George and her family in Kirrin Bay . George 's own home and various other houses the children visit or stay in are hundreds of years old and often contain secret passages or smugglers ' tunnels . In some books the children go camping in the countryside , on a hike or holiday together elsewhere . The settings , however , are almost always rural and enable the children to discover the simple joys of cottages , islands , the English and Welsh countryside and sea shores , as well as an outdoor life of picnics , lemonade , bicycle trips and swimming . Blyton intended to write only six or eight books in the series , but owing to their high sales and immense commercial success she went on to write twenty-one full-length Famous Five novels , as well as a number of other series in similar style following groups of children discovering crime on holiday in the countryside . By the end of 1953 more than six million copies had been sold . Today , more than two million copies of the books are sold each year , making them one of the biggest-selling series for children ever written , with sales totalling over a hundred million . All the novels have been adapted for television , and several have been adapted as films in various countries . Blyton 's publisher , Hodder & Stoughton , first used the term `` The Famous Five '' in 1951 , after nine books in the series had been published . Before this , the series was referred to as `` The ` Fives ' Books '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66cffade99f6ae0bbf0731716c9f8755", "text": "The Railway Series The Railway Series is a set of story books about a railway system located on the fictional Island of Sodor . There are 42 books in the series , the first being published in 1945 . Twenty-six were written by the Rev. Wilbert Awdry , up to 1972 . A further 16 were written by his son , Christopher Awdry ; 14 between 1983 and 1996 , and two more in 2007 and 2011 . Nearly all of The Railway Series stories were based upon real-life events . As a lifelong railway enthusiast , Awdry was keen that his stories should be as realistic as possible . The engine characters were almost all based upon real classes of locomotive , and some of the railways themselves were directly based upon real lines in the British Isles . Characters and stories from the books formed the basis of the children 's television series Thomas and Friends . Audio adaptations of The Railway Series have been recorded at various times under the title The Railway Stories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07d32bf352d5cab135ba2c164601ac3c", "text": "Waverley Novels The Waverley Novels is a long series of novels by Sir Walter Scott ( 1771 -- 1832 ) . For nearly a century , they were among the most popular and widely read novels in all of Europe . Because Scott did not publicly acknowledge authorship until 1827 , the series takes its name from Waverley , the first novel of the series released in 1814 . The later books bore the words `` by the author of Waverley '' on their title pages . The Tales of my Landlord sub-series was not advertised as `` by the author of Waverley '' and thus is not always included as part of the Waverley Novels series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1a4e5170df26ee0fe92070b45e71523", "text": "Ophelia Dahl Ophelia Magdalena Dahl ( born 12 May 1964 ) is a British social justice and health care advocate . As of January 2008 , Dahl is the president and executive director of Partners In Health ( PIH ) , a Boston , Massachusetts-based non-profit health care organization dedicated to providing a `` preferential option for the poor . '' She first encountered Paul Farmer , the future co-founder of PIH , as an eighteen-year-old volunteer in Haiti , and has since dedicated her life to advocating for social justice and healthcare equity . As a co-founder and key member of the PIH team , Dahl was featured prominently in Mountains Beyond Mountains : The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer , a Man Who Would Cure the World , Tracy Kidder 's book describing the work of the organization and the life of Dr. Farmer . In December 2006 , Ophelia Dahl and Paul Farmer received the Union Medal from Union Theological Seminary in New York . Dahl and the Partners in Health team is featured in the 2017 documentary film , Bending The Arc . Dahl is the daughter of actress Patricia Neal and author Roald Dahl . Dahl contributed to the 2003 book The Roald Dahl Treasury , a collection of her father 's stories , memoirs , letters and poetry , and is currently writing a memoir of her father . She is a trustee of the Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre , a registered charity with the mission of `` telling Roald Dahl 's life story , to care for his archive and to promote a love of creative writing in everyone . '' Dahl graduated from Wellesley College as a Davis Scholar and delivered Wellesley 's 2006 commencement address . In 2011 , she was named by the Boston Globe as one of the three Bostonians of the Year , along with her Partners in Health co-founder , Paul Farmer and a senior member of Partners in Health , Louise Ivers . This was mainly due to her and the charity 's response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake . She has also been selected by Social Capital Inc. ( SCI ) as a 2011 SCI Idealist Award recipient , to be given on 30 March 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd1d0e3a493db3c51f445a59d0d2cb87", "text": "William Blake in popular culture William Blake 's body of work has influenced countless writers , poets and painters , and his legacy is often apparent in modern popular culture . His artistic endeavours , which included songwriting in addition to writing , etching and painting , often espoused a sexual and imaginative freedom that has made him a uniquely influential figure , especially since the 1960s . After Shakespeare , far more than any other canonical writer , his songs have been set and adapted by popular musicians including U2 , Jah Wobble , Tangerine Dream , Bruce Dickinson and Ulver . Folk musicians , such as M. Ward , have adapted or incorporated portions of his work in their music , and figures such as Bob Dylan , Alasdair Gray and Allen Ginsberg have been influenced by him . The genre of the graphic novel traces its origins to Blake 's etched songs and Prophetic Books , as does the genre of fantasy art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c9aaf0b200b6feba9b4c601a6b10b99", "text": "Dr. Seuss bibliography Theodor Seuss Geisel , better known as Dr. Seuss , published over 60 children 's books over the course of his long career . Though most were published under his well-known pseudonym , Dr. Seuss , he also authored over a dozen books as Theo . LeSieg and one as Rosetta Stone . As one of the most popular children 's authors of all time , Geisel 's books have topped many bestseller lists , sold over 222 million copies , and been translated into more than 15 languages . In 2000 , when Publishers Weekly compiled their list of the best-selling children 's books of all time ; 16 of the top 100 hardcover books were written by Geisel , including Green Eggs and Ham , at number 4 , The Cat in the Hat , at number 9 , and One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish , at number 13 , and Dr. Seuss 's ABC . In the years following his death in 1991 , several additional books based on his sketches and notes were published , including Hooray for Diffendoofer Day ! and Daisy-Head Mayzie . Although they were all published under the name Dr. Seuss , only My Many Colored Days , originally written in 1973 , was entirely by Geisel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de592e967bc6f7d8e29eb17db7435a6d", "text": "Welsh literature in English Anglo-Welsh literature and Welsh writing in English are terms used to describe works written in the English language by Welsh writers . It has been recognised as a distinctive entity only since the 20th century . The need for a separate identity for this kind of writing arose because of the parallel development of modern Welsh-language literature ; as such it is perhaps the youngest branch of English-language literature in the British Isles . Welsh writers in English have traditionally favoured the short story form over the novel for two main reasons : in a society lacking sufficient wealth to support professional writers , the amateur writer was able to spare time only for short bursts of creativity ; and , like poetry , it concentrated linguistic delight and exuberance . However , the genre did not develop in these writers much beyond its origin in rural sketches . Satire was avoided , and , since the main market was London publishers , the short stories tended to focus on the eccentricities ( as seen from a metropolitan viewpoint ) of Welsh life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9e0b40ab107845dae5414e90e4c3615", "text": "Penguin Celebrations Penguin Celebrations was a book series released by Penguin Books in 2008 , Penguin re-released 36 modern popular works using Penguin 's distinctive late 1940s style , rebranded ` Penguin Celebrations ' . Following the 1940s style ; Green is for ` mystery ' , Orange for ` fantastic fiction ' , Pink for ` distant lands ' , Dark Blue for ` real lives ' and Purple for ` viewpoints ' . The ` Penguin Celebrations ' books are as follows : Fiction William Boyd - Any Human Heart Jonathan Coe - What a Carve Up ! Jonathan Safran Foer - Everything Is Illuminated Zoë Heller - Notes on a Scandal Nick Hornby - How to Be Good Marian Keyes - The Other Side of the Story Matthew Kneale - English Passengers Hari Kunzru - The Impressionist Marina Lewycka - A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian Meg Rosoff - How I Live Now Ali Smith - The Accidental Zadie Smith - White Teeth Sue Townsend - Adrian Mole and the Weapons of Mass Destruction Pat Barker - Regeneration Non-fiction Noam Chomsky - Hegemony or Survival Niall Ferguson - Empire Robin Lane Fox - The Classical World Malcolm Gladwell - Blink Brian Greene - The Fabric of the Cosmos Steven Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner - Freakonomics James Lovelock - The Revenge of Gaia Eric Schlosser - Fast Food Nation Crime Donna Tartt - The Secret History P. D. James - A Certain Justice John Mortimer - Rumpole and the Penge Bungalow Murders Alex Garland - The Beach Barbara Vine - The Chimney-sweeper 's Boy Travel and adventure Ryszard Kapuściński - The Shadow of the Sun Redmond O'Hanlon - Congo Journey Paul Theroux - Dark Star Safari Biography Charles Nicholl - Leonardo da Vinci : Flights of the Mind Claire Tomalin - Jane Austen : A Life Jeremy Paxman - The English Essays Alain de Botton - The Consolations of Philosophy Jeremy Clarkson - The World According to Clarkson Alistair Cooke - Letter from America", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03741fcf36c7578201bc5a3109915e1f", "text": "Danny, the Champion of the World Danny , the Champion of the World is a 1975 children 's book by Roald Dahl . The plot centers on Danny , a young English boy , and his father , William , who live in a Gypsy caravan fixing cars for a living and partake in poaching pheasants . It was first published in 1975 in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf , Inc. and in the United Kingdom by Jonathan Cape . It was adapted into a made-for-TV movie in 1989 by Thames Television which starred Jeremy Irons . It is based on Dahl 's adult short story `` Champion of the World '' which first appeared in print in The New Yorker magazine , as did some of the other short stories that would later be reprinted as Kiss Kiss ( 1960 ) . Peter Serafinowicz provides the English language audiobook recording .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8a688dbc1c19d8942204c07ad181d5b", "text": "Roald Mandelstam Roald Charlsovich Mandelstam ( Роа́льд Ча́рльсович Мандельшта́м September 16 , 1932 , Leningrad - February 26 , 1961 , Leningrad ) was a Russian poet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9899176531546abcb014dbe388d9f88e", "text": "An Experiment in Criticism An Experiment in Criticism is a 1961 book by C. S. Lewis in which he proposes that the quality of books should be measured not by how they are written , but by how they are read . To do this , the author describes two kinds of readers . One is what he calls the `` unliterary '' , and the other the `` literary '' . He proceeds to outline some of the differences between these two types of readers . For example , one characterization of an unliterary reader is that the argument `` I 've read it before '' is a conclusive reason not to read a book . In contrast , literary readers reread books many times , savoring certain passages , and attempting to glean more from subsequent readings . Lewis also argued that judging books by whether they are `` lowbrow '' or `` highbrow '' is not necessarily fruitful ; many `` lowbrow '' books prove to be valuable to a literary reader willing to approach without prejudgment . He noted that books classified as `` lowbrow '' , such as science fiction , are also capable of inducing a passion to re-read and imparting experience which changes reader 's worldview . Lewis suggests that books which are capable of doing this may prove to have enduring merit regardless of their genre of origin . He suggested that attempting to judge the literary merit of books based on traditional criteria may not prove fruitful . Thus , Lewis suggests that a quality book is one that someone , anyone will re-read . A highbrow view that such a book is poor quality has failed to appreciate whatever qualities merit re-reading by someone .", "title": "" } ]	fever
37f55c3a3207f1a03291fac14bd75481	Hypothyroidism can cause mood changes.	[ { "docid": "cec05b42a5c6c7091b126f3239eac40a", "text": "Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism , also called underactive thyroid or low thyroid , is a common disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone . It can cause a number of symptoms , such as poor ability to tolerate cold , a feeling of tiredness , constipation , depression , and weight gain . Occasionally there may be swelling of the front part of the neck due to goitre . Untreated hypothyroidism during pregnancy can lead to delays in growth and intellectual development in the baby , which is called cretinism . Worldwide , too little iodine in the diet is the most common cause of hypothyroidism . In countries with enough iodine in the diet , the most common cause of hypothyroidism is the autoimmune condition Hashimoto 's thyroiditis . Less common causes include : previous treatment with radioactive iodine , injury to the hypothalamus or the anterior pituitary gland , certain medications , a lack of a functioning thyroid at birth , or previous thyroid surgery . The diagnosis of hypothyroidism , when suspected , can be confirmed with blood tests measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone ( TSH ) and thyroxine levels . Prevention at the population level has been with the universal salt iodization . Hypothyroidism can be treated with levothyroxine . The dose is adjusted according to symptoms and normalization of the thyroxine and TSH levels . Thyroid medication is safe in pregnancy . While a certain amount of dietary iodine is important , excessive amounts can worsen certain types of hypothyroidism . Worldwide about one billion people are estimated to be iodine deficient ; however , it is unknown how often this results in hypothyroidism . In the United States , hypothyroidism occurs in 0.3 -- 0.4 % of people . Subclinical hypothyroidism , a milder form of hypothyroidism characterized by normal thyroxine levels and an elevated TSH level , is thought to occur in 4.3 -- 8.5 % of people in the United States . Hypothyroidism is more common in women than men . People over the age of 60 are more commonly affected . Dogs are also known to develop hypothyroidism and in rare cases cats and horses can also have the disorder . The word `` hypothyroidism '' is from Greek hypo - meaning `` reduced '' , thyreos for `` shield '' , and eidos for `` form . ''", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "30725fa4ce513de51c51f46f6daed5bd", "text": "Global perceptions of autism This article discusses diagnosis , treatment , and experiences of autism globally . Although the diagnosis of autism is rising in post-industrial nations , diagnosis rates are much lower in developing nations . Reasons given by researchers for this discrepancy include more awareness and better detection in developed nations and cultural differences such that symptoms associated with autism may be considered normal behavior in some cultures . However , many scientists theorize that other factors may also be responsible for the increasing rates in post-industrial countries . Some claim that about one third of ASD is due to immune dysregulation during pregnancy . That is , anything that causes an inflammatory response in the pregnant mother , such as infection or an immune disorder , may expose the fetal brain to inflammatory signals and disrupt development . For example , mothers with celiac disease have an increased chance of autism by 350 percent , while those with rheumatoid arthritis have an elevated risk of 80 percent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097ddb07f5301e78c3e38b82f6509fb3", "text": "Endophenotype Endophenotype is a genetic epidemiology term which is used to separate behavioral symptoms into more stable phenotypes with a clear genetic connection . The concept was coined by Bernard John and Kenneth R. Lewis in a 1966 paper attempting to explain the geographic distribution of grasshoppers . They claimed that the particular geographic distribution could not be explained by the obvious and external `` exophenotype '' of the grasshoppers , but instead must be explained by their microscopic and internal `` endophenotype . '' The next major use of the term was in psychiatric genetics , to bridge the gap between high-level symptom presentation and low-level genetic variability , such as single nucleotide polymorphisms . It is therefore more applicable to more heritable disorders , such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia . Since then , the concept has expanded to many other fields , such as the study of ADHD , addiction , Alzheimer 's disease obesity and cystic fibrosis . Some other terms which have a similar meaning but do not stress the genetic connection as highly are `` intermediate phenotype '' , `` biological marker '' , `` subclinical trait '' , `` vulnerability marker '' , and `` cognitive marker '' . The strength of an endophenotype is its ability to differentiate between potential diagnoses that present with similar symptoms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ba328bd0ea92bd6c8b80c6588227365", "text": "Parathyroid gland Parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods that produce parathyroid hormone . Humans usually have four parathyroid glands , variably located on the back of the thyroid gland -- considerable variation exists . Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin ( one of the hormones made by the thyroid gland ) have key roles in regulating the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones . Parathyroid glands share a similar blood supply , venous drainage , and lymphatic drainage to the thyroid glands . Parathyroid glands are derived from the epithelial lining of the third and fourth branchial pouches , with the superior glands arising from the fourth pouch , and the inferior glands arising from the higher third pouch . The relative position of the inferior and superior glands , which are named according to their final location , changes because of the migration of embryological tissues . Hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism , characterized by alterations in the blood calcium levels and bone metabolism , are states of surplus or insufficient parathyroid function .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "390a5dbcaf0ee39c571a7a199da3c461", "text": "Sleep state misperception Sleep state misperception ( SSM ) is a term in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders ( ICSD ) most commonly used for people who mistakenly perceive their sleep as wakefulness , though it has been proposed that it be applied to those who severely overestimate their sleep time as well ( `` positive '' sleep state misperception ) . While most sleepers with this condition will report not having slept in the previous night at all or having slept very little , clinical recordings generally show normal sleep patterns . Though the sleep patterns found in those with SSM have long been considered indistinguishable from those without , some preliminary research suggest there may be subtle differences ( see Symptoms and diagnosis : Spectral analysis ) . Patients are otherwise generally in good health , and any ills -- such as depression -- appear to be more associated with fear of negative consequences of insomnia ( `` insomnia phobia '' ) than from any actual loss of sleep . Sleep state misperception was adopted by the ICSD to replace two previous diagnostic terminologies : `` subjective insomnia complaint without objective findings '' and `` subjective sleepiness complaint without objective findings . '' Other synonyms of the term include : paradoxical insomnia , pseudo-insomnia , subjective insomnia , subjective sleepiness , and sleep hypochondriasis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6fcdf2e813ad977a9a592a8765b9bb3", "text": "Intermittent explosive disorder Intermittent explosive disorder ( sometimes abbreviated as IED ) is a behavioral disorder characterized by explosive outbursts of anger and violence , often to the point of rage , that are disproportionate to the situation at hand ( e.g. , impulsive screaming triggered by relatively inconsequential events ) . Impulsive aggression is unpremeditated , and is defined by a disproportionate reaction to any provocation , real or perceived . Some individuals have reported affective changes prior to an outburst ( e.g. , tension , mood changes , energy changes , etc. ) . The disorder is currently categorized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-5 ) under the `` Disruptive , Impulse-Control , and Conduct Disorders '' category . The disorder itself is not easily characterized and often exhibits comorbidity with other mood disorders , particularly bipolar disorder . Individuals diagnosed with IED report their outbursts as being brief ( lasting less than an hour ) , with a variety of bodily symptoms ( sweating , stuttering , chest tightness , twitching , palpitations ) reported by a third of one sample . Aggressive acts are frequently reported accompanied by a sensation of relief and in some cases pleasure , but often followed by later remorse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "874c0e7db50b666a1ce91e01c3faa2b7", "text": "Hypermetabolism Hypermetabolism is the physiological state of increased rate of metabolic activity and is characterized by an abnormal increase in the body 's basal metabolic rate . Hypermetabolism is accompanied by a variety of internal and external symptoms , most notably extreme weight loss , and can also be a symptom in itself . This state of increased metabolic activity can signal underlying issues , especially hyperthyroidism or fatal familial insomnia . The drastic impact of the hypermetabolic state on patient nutritional requirements is often understated or overlooked as well . Hypermetabolism typically occurs after significant injury to the body . In hospitals and institutions , the most common causes are infections , sepsis , burns , multiple traumas , fever , long-bone fractures , hyperthyroidism , prolonged steroid therapy , surgery and bone marrow transplants . Hypermetabolism may occur in particular in the brain after traumatic brain injury . The cause and location of hypermetabolic symptoms within the body can be accurately detected by PET scan . Symptoms will usually subside once the underlying illness or injury is treated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f2dee4d556a3e445254eebe63fc8b13", "text": "Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism is the condition that occurs due to excessive production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland . Thyrotoxicosis is the condition that occurs due to excessive thyroid hormone of any cause and therefore includes hyperthyroidism . Some , however , use the terms interchangeably . Signs and symptoms vary between people and may include irritability , muscle weakness , sleeping problems , a fast heartbeat , heat intolerance , diarrhea , enlargement of the thyroid , and weight loss . Symptoms are typically less in the old and during pregnancy . An uncommon complication is thyroid storm in which an event such as an infection results in worsening symptoms such as confusion and a high temperature and often results in death . The opposite is hypothyroidism , when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone . Graves ' disease is the cause of about 50 % to 80 % of the cases of hyperthyroidism in the United States . Other causes include multinodular goiter , toxic adenoma , inflammation of the thyroid , eating too much iodine , and too much synthetic thyroid hormone . A less common cause is a pituitary adenoma . The diagnosis may be suspected based on signs and symptoms and then confirmed with blood tests . Typically blood tests show a low thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH ) and raised T3 or T4 . Radioiodine uptake by the thyroid , thyroid scan , and TSI antibodies may help determine the cause . Treatment depends partly on the cause and severity of disease . There are three main treatment options : radioiodine therapy , medications , and thyroid surgery . Radioiodine therapy involves taking iodine-131 by mouth which is then concentrated in and destroys the thyroid over weeks to months . The resulting hypothyroidism is treated with synthetic thyroid hormone . Medications such as beta blockers may control the symptoms , and anti-thyroid medications such as methimazole may temporarily help people while other treatments are having effect . Surgery to remove the thyroid is another option . This may be used in those with very large thyroids or when cancer is a concern . In the United States hyperthyroidism affects about 1.2 % of the population . It occurs between two and ten times more often in women . Onset is commonly between 20 and 50 years of age . Overall the disease is more common in those over the age of 60 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8b54cfd6ab69f2fd509a8281ab05254", "text": "Parkinson's disease Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system . The symptoms generally come on slowly over time . Early in the disease , the most obvious are shaking , rigidity , slowness of movement , and difficulty with walking . Thinking and behavioral problems may also occur . Dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease . Depression and anxiety are also common occurring in more than a third of people with PD . Other symptoms include sensory , sleep , and emotional problems . The main motor symptoms are collectively called `` parkinsonism '' , or a `` parkinsonian syndrome '' . The cause of Parkinson 's disease is generally unknown , but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors . Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves . There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and among those who have had prior head injuries while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea . The motor symptoms of the disease result from the death of cells in the substantia nigra , a region of the midbrain . This results in not enough dopamine in these areas . The reason for this cell death is poorly understood , but involves the build-up of proteins into Lewy bodies in the neurons . Diagnosis of typical cases is mainly based on symptoms , with tests such as neuroimaging being used to rule out other diseases . There is no cure for Parkinson 's disease . Initial treatment is typically with the antiparkinson medication L-DOPA ( levodopa ) , with dopamine agonists being used once levodopa becomes less effective . As the disease progresses and neurons continue to be lost , these medications become less effective while at the same time they produce a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements . Diet and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness at improving symptoms . Surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce motor symptoms in severe cases where drugs are ineffective . Evidence for treatments for the non-movement-related symptoms of PD , such as sleep disturbances and emotional problems , is less strong . In 2015 , PD affected 6.2 million people and resulted in about 117,400 deaths globally . Parkinson 's disease typically occurs in people over the age of 60 , of which about one percent are affected . Males are more often affected than females . When it is seen in people before the age of 50 , it is called young-onset PD . The average life expectancy following diagnosis is between 7 and 14 years . The disease is named after the English doctor James Parkinson , who published the first detailed description in An Essay on the Shaking Palsy , in 1817 . Public awareness campaigns include World Parkinson 's Day ( on the birthday of James Parkinson , 11 April ) and the use of a red tulip as the symbol of the disease . People with parkinsonism who have increased the public 's awareness of the condition include actor Michael J. Fox , Olympic cyclist Davis Phinney , and late professional boxer Muhammad Ali .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82a0f2219ca04b562b2e19adfd1fdd68", "text": "Immunosuppressive drug Immunosuppressive drugs or immunosuppressive agents or antirejection medications are drugs that inhibit or prevent activity of the immune system . They are used in immunosuppressive therapy to : Prevent the rejection of transplanted organs and tissues ( e.g. , bone marrow , heart , kidney , liver ) Treat autoimmune diseases or diseases that are most likely of autoimmune origin ( e.g. , rheumatoid arthritis , multiple sclerosis , myasthenia gravis , psoriasis , vitiligo , systemic lupus erythematosus , sarcoidosis , focal segmental glomerulosclerosis , Crohn 's disease , Behcet 's Disease , pemphigus , and ulcerative colitis ) . Treat some other non-autoimmune inflammatory diseases ( e.g. , long term allergic asthma control ) , ankylosing spondylitis . A common side-effect of many immunosuppressive drugs is immunodeficiency , because the majority of them act non-selectively , resulting in increased susceptibility to infections and decreased cancer immunosurveillance . There are also other side-effects , such as hypertension , dyslipidemia , hyperglycemia , peptic ulcers , lipodystrophy , moon face , liver and kidney injury . The immunosuppressive drugs also interact with other medicines and affect their metabolism and action . Actual or suspected immunosuppressive agents can be evaluated in terms of their effects on lymphocyte subpopulations in tissues using immunohistochemistry . Immunosuppressive drugs can be classified into five groups : glucocorticoids cytostatics antibodies drugs acting on immunophilins other drugs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ecf848bdca6e54d62faf2c73cdd6648", "text": "Comedown (drugs) Comedown or crashing is the deterioration in mood that happens as a psychoactive drug , typically a stimulant , is either decreasing or is cleared from the blood and thus the cerebral circulation . The improvement and deterioration of mood ( euphoria and dysphoria ) are represented in the cognitive schema #Noun as high and low elevations ; thus , after the drug has elevated the mood ( a state known as a high ) , there follows a period of coming back down , which often has a distinct character from withdrawal in stimulants . Generally , a comedown ( `` down , '' `` low , '' sometimes `` crash '' ) can happen to anyone as a transient symptom , but in people who are dependent on the drug ( especially those addicted to it ) , it is an early symptom of withdrawal and thus can be followed by others . Various drug classes , most especially stimulants and to a lesser degree opioids and sedatives , are subject to comedowns . A milder analogous mood cycle can happen even with blood sugar levels ( thus sugar highs and sugar lows ) , which is especially relevant to people with diabetes mellitus and to parents and teachers managing children 's behavior , as well as in adults with ADHD . Stimulant comedowns are unique in that they often appear very abruptly after a period of focus or high , and are typically the more intensely dysphoric phase of withdrawal than that following complete elimination from the bloodstream . Besides general dysphoria , this phase can be marked by frustration , anger , anhedonia , social withdrawal , and other symptoms characteristic to a milder mixed episode in Bipolar Disorder . Alertness and other general stimulant effects are still present .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb338cef415fce471641b40c7957409d", "text": "Hypochondriasis Hypochondriasis , also known as hypochondria , health anxiety or illness anxiety disorder , refers to worry about having a serious illness . This debilitating condition is the result of an inaccurate perception of the condition of body or mind despite the absence of an actual medical condition . An individual suffering from hypochondriasis is known as a hypochondriac . Hypochondriacs become unduly alarmed about any physical or psychological symptoms they detect , no matter how minor the symptom may be , and are convinced that they have , or are about to be diagnosed with , a serious illness . Often , hypochondria persists even after a physician has evaluated a person and reassured them that their concerns about symptoms do not have an underlying medical basis or , if there is a medical illness , their concerns are far in excess of what is appropriate for the level of disease . Many hypochondriacs focus on a particular symptom as the catalyst of their worrying , such as gastro-intestinal problems , palpitations , or muscle fatigue . To qualify for the diagnosis of hypochondria the symptoms must have been experienced for at least 6 months . The DSM-IV-TR defines this disorder , `` Hypochondriasis '' , as a somatoform disorder and one study has shown it to affect about 3 % of the visitors to primary care settings . The newly published DSM-5 replaces the diagnosis of hypochondriasis with the diagnoses of `` somatic symptom disorder '' and `` illness anxiety disorder '' . Hypochondria is often characterized by fears that minor bodily or mental symptoms may indicate a serious illness , constant self-examination and self-diagnosis , and a preoccupation with one 's body . Many individuals with hypochondriasis express doubt and disbelief in the doctors ' diagnosis , and report that doctors ' reassurance about an absence of a serious medical condition is unconvincing , or short-lasting . Additionally , many hypochondriacs experience elevated blood pressure , stress , and anxiety in the presence of doctors or while occupying a medical facility , a condition known as `` white coat syndrome '' . Many hypochondriacs require constant reassurance , either from doctors , family , or friends , and the disorder can become a disabling torment for the individual with hypochondriasis , as well as his or her family and friends . Some hypochondriacal individuals completely avoid any reminder of illness , whereas others frequently visit medical facilities , sometimes obsessively . Some sufferers may never speak about it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "743a64c62e87dcc183cb773289154a30", "text": "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption The long-term effects of alcohol ( ethanol ) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse . Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of alcoholism , malnutrition , chronic pancreatitis , alcoholic liver disease , and cancer . In addition , damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse . The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body . The developing adolescent brain is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol . In addition , the developing fetal brain is also vulnerable , and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders ( FASDs ) may result if pregnant mothers consume alcohol . The inverse relation in Western cultures between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease has been known for over 100 years . Many physicians do not promote alcohol consumption , however , given the many health concerns associated with it , some suggest that alcohol should be regarded as a recreational drug , and promote exercise and good nutrition to combat cardiovascular disease . Others have argued that the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption may be outweighed by other increased risks , including those of injuries , violence , fetal damage , liver disease , and certain forms of cancer . Withdrawal effects and dependence are also almost identical . Alcohol at moderate levels has some positive and negative effects on health . The negative effects include increased risk of liver diseases , oropharyngeal cancer , esophageal cancer and pancreatitis . Conversely moderate intake of alcohol may have some beneficial effects on gastritis and cholelithiasis . Of the total number of deaths and diseases caused by alcohol , most happen to the majority of the population who are moderate drinkers , rather than the heavy drinker minority . Chronic alcohol misuse and abuse has serious effects on physical and mental health . Chronic excess alcohol intake , or alcohol dependence , can lead to a wide range of neuropsychiatric or neurological impairment , cardiovascular disease , liver disease , and malignant neoplasms . The psychiatric disorders which are associated with alcoholism include major depression , dysthymia , mania , hypomania , panic disorder , phobias , generalized anxiety disorder , personality disorders , schizophrenia , suicide , neurologic deficits ( e.g. impairments of working memory , emotions , executive functions , visuospatial abilities and gait and balance ) and brain damage . Alcohol dependence is associated with hypertension , coronary heart disease , and ischemic stroke , cancer of the respiratory system , and also cancers of the digestive system , liver , breast and ovaries . Heavy drinking is associated with liver disease , such as cirrhosis . Excessive alcohol consumption can have a negative impact on aging . Recent studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms by which moderate alcohol consumption confers cardiovascular benefit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e02c144bc7272e9ff0cd24fbda090ec2", "text": "Zona fasciculata The zona fasciculata constitutes the middle and also the widest zone of the adrenal cortex , sitting directly beneath the zona glomerulosa . Constituent cells are organized into bundles or `` fascicles '' . The zona fasciculata chiefly produces glucocorticoids ( mainly cortisol in the human ) , which regulates the metabolism of glucose , especially in times of stress ( e.g. , part of the fight-or-flight response ) , it is stimulated by the hormone Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ( ACTH ) which is released from the anterior portion of the pituitary and axised upon this adrenal gland . This tissue also generates a small amount of weak androgens ( e.g. , dehydroepiandrosterone ) . The main source of androgens will come from the zona reticularis region . In certain animals such as rodents , the lack of 17alpha-hydroxylase results in the synthesis of corticosterone instead of cortisol . Steroid-producing adrenal tumours and hyperplasia of the zona fasciculata result in excess cortisol production and are the cause for adrenal Cushing 's syndrome . The genetic disorder McCune-Albright syndrome can also present Cushing 's syndrome in affected patients .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4af85f939212b2d42cc3eca6916150ed", "text": "Mood ring A mood ring is a ring that contains a thermochromic element , such as liquid crystal , that changes colors based upon the temperature of the finger of the wearer . Most new rings come with a color chart indicating the supposed mood of the wearer based upon the colors indicated on the ring . The mood ring was created in 1975 by two New York inventors , Josh Reynolds and Maris Ambats , who bonded liquid crystals with quartz stones set into rings . They initially retailed for $ 45 for a `` silvery setting '' and $ 250 for gold , and first sold at Bonwit Teller , rapidly becoming a fad in the 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd2a75e0fe063d9125456feb8b9df703", "text": "Mental health care in the Philippines Mental health is defined as `` a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential , can cope with the normal stresses of life , can work productively and fruitfully , and is able to make a contribution to her or his community '' . The World Health Organization emphasized the importance of mental health by including it in their definition of health as `` a state of complete physical , mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity . '' Mental health care is the status of providing and maintaining psychological , psychiatric , and emotional health by means of diagnosis , treatment , and prevention of mental illnesses . This article will survey the status of psychological , psychiatric , and emotional health care in the Philippines from both past and present programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d428c3869c459ea70357e3e04b180db", "text": "Inverse Warburg effect The term inverse Warburg effect was introduced by Lloyd Demetrius and colleagues ( 1,2 ) to describe the metabolic reprogramming observed in cortical regions of the brain during the prodromal phase of Alzheimer 's disease ( 3,4 ) and Parkinson 's disease ( 5,6 ) . This reprogramming refers to the up regulation of oxidative phosphorylation ( OxPhos ) in mitochondria of certain neurons -- a process which induces a hypermetabolic state in these neurons in an age dependent manner . The aging process is driven , in part , by an increase in molecular disorder and a concomitant decrease in enzymatic activity ( 7 ) leading to an impairment in the capacity of cells to appropriate energy from the external environment and to convert this energy into biosynthetic work . Consequently , the capacity of neurons to convert food derived fuel sources into ATP and to use this energy to maintain neuronal viability is susceptible to decline with age . However , age-induced mitochondrial dysfunction will induce a compensatory increase in OxPhos in certain sub-populations of neurons to maintain adequate energy production , and thereby ensure synaptic function and cell survival ( 8 ) . Within neurons of the aging brain an increase in OxPhos activity in intact mitochondria , and a redistribution of these mitochondria to sites which require high energy production has been documented ( 9 ) . Lloyd Demetrius and colleagues ( 1,2 ) have proposed this compensatory change as the fundamental and initiating event in the progression towards neurodegenerative diseases . The inverse Warburg effect is postulated as the primary event in a cascade of metabolic changes ( The Inverse Warburg Hypothesis ) which ultimately leads to neuronal loss . The main energy currency in living organisms is ATP which must be continually generated to maintain cell viability . The energy is derived from two types of processes -- OxPhos which provides ~ 80 % of the total energy , and glycolysis which contributes the remaining ~ 20 % ( 10 ) ( Figure 1 ) . In oncology , most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by the up-regulation of glycolysis . Malignant , rapidly growing tumor cells have glycolytic rates higher than those of their normal tissue of origin ( Figure 2 ) . This mode of metabolic reprogramming is now called the Warburg effect , after the Nobel Laureate , Otto Warburg , who proposed that up-regulation of glycolysis is a primary initiating event in the progression towards cancer ( 11 ) . Elevated glycolysis fuels anabolic processes that contribute to the rapid growth and cellular division associated with cancer ( 12 ) . Epidemilogical studies have shown that cancer is inversely comorbid with both Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) and Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) ( 13,14 ) . The molecular and bioenergetic basis for this inverse relation can be explained by invoking the Warburg effect as the fundamental cause of cancer and the Inverse Warburg effect as the fundamental cause of AD and PD ( 15 ) . Elevated glycolysis in cancer cells leads to the heightened production of lactate , the end product of glycolysis . Lactate has emerged as a key cerebral energy source that can provide energy via OxPhos ( 16 ) . Therefore , neurons with elevated OxPhos become critically dependent on an oxidative substrate , such as lactate-derived pyruvate , a key feature of the inverse Warburg effect ( Figure 3 ) . Elevated lactate production , associated with cancer , may therefore fuel the heightened metabolic demands of neurons within the brains of elderly patients . A hypermetabolic state , as predicted by the inverse Warburg effect , has been detected in the brains of individuals during the presymptomatic phase of AD and PD ( 3 -- 6 ) . However , the inability to switch to the Warburg effect not only restricts the development of cancer , but also curtails a potential source of lactate for hypermetabolic neurons within the brain . Under this scenario , neurons are starved and neurodegeneration ensues . Thus the Inverse Warburg Effect provides a holistic model which defines the role of aging as a risk factor for AD and PD , and also provides an explanation for the inverse relationship between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54e224de1a6a729a3311eac595f07558", "text": "Optimism Optimism is a mental attitude -- a happy belief that the outcome of some specific endeavor , or outcomes in general , will be good . A common idiom used to illustrate optimism versus pessimism is a glass with water at the halfway point , where the optimist is said to see the glass as half full and the pessimist sees the glass as half empty . The term derives from the Latin optimum , meaning `` best '' . Being optimistic , in the typical sense of the word , is defined as expecting the best possible outcome from any given situation . This is usually referred to in psychology as dispositional optimism . It thus reflects a belief that future conditions will work out for the best . Theories of optimism include dispositional models , and models of explanatory style . Methods to measure optimism have been developed within both theoretical systems , such as various forms of the Life Orientation Test , for the original definition of optimism , or the Attributional Style Questionnaire designed to test optimism in terms of explanatory style . Variation in optimism and pessimism is somewhat heritable and reflects biological trait systems to some degree . It is also influenced by environmental factors , including family environment , with some suggesting it can be learned . Optimism may also be linked to health .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a739f5f8c79be400f0d81e47efe9a73b", "text": "Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development The Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development ( Synaction n. , or Synactive adj. -LSB- from the Greek syn `` together '' and the Latin actio `` action , '' resulting in : `` together in action '' -RSB- ) suggests that development of the human fetus , and later newborn , proceeds through the constant balancing of approach and avoidance behaviors , leading to : 1 ) a continuous interaction of the subsystems ( i.e. , Autonomic , Motor , State and Attention/Interaction , and Regulatory ) and their increasingly defined delineations within the organism , that is the infant , and 2 ) the organism 's interaction with the environment at large . This process is aimed at bringing about the increasingly well-defined species-unique developmental agenda . Figure 1 ( below ) , provides a graphic representation of the Synactive Theory of development , as applied to both fetal and newborn stages . It focuses upon the infant 's within-organism , four subsystems of functioning , and their continuous interaction with each other and with the environment across time ( i.e. , `` together in action , '' or synaction ) . The four subsystems include the : Autonomic Subsystem : Expressed in the pattern of respiration ( e.g. , fast , slow , pauses ) color changes ( e.g. , pink , pale , red ) , neurological indicators ( e.g. , seizures , tremulousness ) , and visceral or gut signals such as bowel movements , gagging , and hiccoughing ; Motor Subsystem : Observable through the tone , posture and movement patterns of the infant ; State and Attention/Interaction Subsystem : Expressed via : 1 ) the range of states available to the infant ( i.e. , deep sleep , light sleep , drowsy , alert , hyperalert , and cry ) , 2 ) how clearly it is to observably differentiate one state from the other , and 3 ) the patterns of transitions from one state to another ( e.g. , smooth well-differentiated state transitions versus abrupt unorganized state transitions ) . The attention/interaction system is set within this state continuum ( i.e. , from deep sleep to cry ) and represented by the infant 's ability to adjust the robustness and increasing refinement of an alert , attentive state . The infant uses this state to take in cognitive and social information from the environment as well as to bring forth and modify inputs from the surrounding world ; and Regulatory Subsystem : Behaviorally represented via the observable strategies the infant uses ( Self-Regulation ) in maintaining a balanced , relatively stable and relaxed state of subsystem of functioning or in returning to this a state of subsystem functioning if imbalance , or stress has occurred within the subsystems . An additional component of the regulatory subsystem is observable in the kind and amount of support offered by the caregiver ( e.g. , supporting a soft , tucked , flexed position of the infant 's arms and legs ) or by the environment ( e.g. , dimming the lights in the nursery ) . This Co-Regulation may be necessary to help the infant 's return to balance in situations when his/her own self-regulatory capacities are exceeded . Reproduced with permission from Als , H. Toward a synactive theory of development : Promise for the assessment of infant individuality . Infant Mental Health Journal . 1982 : ( 3 ) : 229-243 ; p. 234 . The graphic representation of the Synactive Theory above depicts the developing organism , that is , the infant , in constant interaction with the environment from within the womb to the newborn intensive care unit ( NICU ) , and the caregiving family 's support in the NICU , to the family in their home . Newborn infants are actively striving for their next steps in development , while depending upon `` good enough '' environments and care to assure progress along their developmental agenda . The Synactive Theory of Development continues to be instrumental in guiding clinicians ( e.g. , neonatologist , nurses , psychologists , developmental specialists , physical/occupational therapists , etc. ) and researchers in their understanding of the often very small steps in development that prematurely born and other high risk newborns attempt to accomplish ( which are major steps for their immature or injured brain ) . This theory gives professionals the framework and tools with which to identify the infant 's strengths , challenges and accomplishments . Such accomplishments may include breathing , sucking and swallowing in a coordinated sequence ; moving food down into and through the stomach and intestinal track instead of upwards , leading to reflux and vomiting ; looking at the caregiver and breathing at the same time , as well as many others . The Synactive Theory is the foundation of both : 1 ) the Assessment of Preterm Infants ' Behavior ( APIB ) , a standardized comprehensive newborn test , and 2 ) the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program ( NIDCAP ) , which is the care and intervention approach , that focuses on each infant 's behavioral cues ( e.g. , hand ( s ) to mouth , bracing with feet against a supporting surface ) in order to support the infant 's strengths and reduce the infant 's vulnerabilities . The infant 's family is viewed as the infant 's most important nurturer and is integrated in all care from the infant 's birth on throughout the infant 's hospitalization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d0a49301de9e16fc7e7ff8457ac8879", "text": "Darwinian Happiness Darwinian Happiness : Evolution As a Guide for Living and Understanding Human Behavior , ISBN 0-87850-159-2 , is a 2002 book by the Norwegian biologist Bjørn Grinde from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health . He argues that human emotions find their cause in evolution and offers ways by which we can use this for our advantage . More specifically , mammals are equipped with a nerve system that enables them to distinguish not only between pleasant and unpleasant sensations , but positive and negative experiences in general . While the biological term fitness refers to the capacity to create offspring , happiness ( or quality of life ) is , at least in a biological perspective , a question of the qualities of the experiences our nervous system offers us . In order to improve these experiences there are two main principles to consider : To utilize the rewarding sensations the brain has evolved to offer in a way that gives optimal long-term benefits ; and , similarly , to avoid punishing sensations . To avoid stress and maladaptive ways of living in order to have a healthy mind with optimal potential for positive experiences . As to the first principle , humans may actually have been equipped with more powerful positive and negative sensations , compared to other mammals , due to our capacity for free will . That is , evolution might tend to add stronger incentives for behavior benefiting the genes in an individual with a powerful free will ; as otherwise , the free will could easily result in maladaptive behavior . As to the second principle , it may be added that , as a rule of thumb , we ought to adapt our way of living to how we are designed by evolution to live . Current ideas in evolutionary medicine and evolutionary psychology suggest that mismatches between the environment of evolutionary adaptation and the present way of living may cause somatic and mental health problems . Such adverse mismatches , referred to as discords , are obviously detrimental to quality of life . For example , unlike Europeans , Indigenous Australians have not had many generations exposed to alcohol , and so are prone to alcohol abuse and the social deprivation it causes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ab855ef9cdb98e618f5103d9572dd60", "text": "Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder ( DMDD ) is a mental disorder in children and adolescents characterized by a persistently irritable or angry mood and frequent temper outbursts that are disproportionate to the situation and significantly more severe than the typical reaction of same-aged peers . The symptoms of DMDD resemble those of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) , oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD ) , anxiety disorders , and childhood bipolar disorder . DMDD first appeared as a disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fifth Edition ( DSM-5 ) in 2013 and is classified as a mood disorder . Treatments include medication to manage mood symptoms as well as individual and family therapy to address emotion-regulation skills . Children with DMDD are at risk for developing depression and anxiety later in life .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8e83e6c6ef9af29741e4d04320f0909b	Jon Watts has only ever been a plumber.	[ { "docid": "1bf9a72286788604e58ed515a7141e9b", "text": "Jon Watts Jon Watts ( born June 28 , 1981 ) is an American film director , producer and screenwriter . Watts directed and co-wrote the upcoming Marvel Studios and Sony Pictures produced Spider-Man : Homecoming , slated for a July 7 , 2017 release . He directed the films Clown and Cop Car and episodes of the Onion News Network .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "fbd8b2f024f469eb3c579ef78ff87dda", "text": "James Watts (Mayor of Manchester) James Watts was Mayor of Manchester ( 1855 -- 1857 ) also High Sheriff of Lancashire and owner of Abney Hall . He was the owner of S & J Watts Ltd , who built the Watts Warehouse on Portland Street . Watts was born March 1804 , and baptised on 15 April 1804 at St Thomas Ardwick and started his life as a weaver in Didsbury . He became partners with his brothers Samuel and John and became an important figure among British industrialists , socialising with politicians and churchmen at his home , Abney Hall , in Cheadle . He was elected a councillor for St James 's Ward , became mayor in 1855 , was re-elected in 1856 , and at the same time an alderman . Prince Albert chose to stay with him when he visited Manchester to open the Art Treasures Exhibition in 1857 , the queen awarded him a knighthood . Sir James was a J.P. for Manchester . He died 6 April 1878 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3da070754339b7ea971cd663b10fdcdd", "text": "Noel Howlett Noel Howlett ( 22 December 1902 -- 26 October 1984 ) was an English actor , principally remembered as the incompetent headmaster , Morris Cromwell , in the ITV 1970s cult television programme Please Sir ! . He was the subject of infatuation by Deputy Head Doris Ewell , played by Joan Sanderson . Howlett was born in Maidstone , Kent , and began his career as Richard Greatham in Noël Coward 's Hay Fever . At Northampton Repertory Theatre in 1930 he played Sherlock Holmes . He also appeared as Mr Williams in the 1948 film The Winslow Boy , starring Robert Donat . At Stratford-on-Avon in 1953 , he played Old Gobbo ( father to Donald Pleasence 's Launcelot Gobbo ) in The Merchant of Venice , Edward IV ( brother to Marius Goring 's Richard III ) , Baptista in The Taming of the Shrew and Gloucester in King Lear . An early TV role was portraying a vicar in the 1958/59 BBC series Quatermass and the Pit . He appeared as Professor Rushton in a one-off 1967 edition ( `` Mission Highly Improbable '' ) of The Avengers and as the Reverend Simon Blanding in a one-off 1967 edition ( `` Dead Man 's Shoes '' ) of Man in a Suitcase . Other screen appearances include the 1960s TV shows Softly , Softly and Danger Man . He also appeared in one 1976 episode ( `` I Talk to the Trees '' ) of the BBC situation comedy The Good Life as slightly eccentric allotment gardener Mr Wakeley . He also frequently broadcast and did a spell for the BBC as a member of their Drama Repertory Company ( now the Radio Drama Company ) , one of his appearances being as Inspector Walter Neider in the 1965 Paul Temple radio episode , `` Paul Temple and the Geneva Mystery '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a49000ea1fea065efac9161b5c614296", "text": "Justin Watts Justin Lee Watts ( born July 1 , 1990 ) is an American professional basketball player who last played for New Heroes Den Bosch of the Dutch Basketball League . He played college basketball for the University of North Carolina , where he won an NCAA Championship as a freshman in 2009 . He turned pro in 2013 and won a QBL Championship with the Rockhampton Rockets . He went on to play in Mexico , Japan , Uruguay and the Netherlands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d28a13e82998f460d8666ec82cf528d", "text": "Adam Watts (footballer) Adam James Watts ( born 4 March 1988 ) is an English footballer who plays as a defender and most recently played for Eastbourne Borough . He has previously played for Fulham , Milton Keynes Dons and Northampton Town , Lincoln City and Gainsborough Trinity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bd38fcdd4be33133b79ee157d462cd1", "text": "Ten Mile, Tennessee Ten Mile is an unincorporated community in northern Meigs and southeastern Roane counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee . Ten Mile is primarily a summer cottage community on Watts Bar Lake . It includes summer cottages , small locally owned stores and restaurants , a bank , marinas , resorts , churches , and a Post Office ( ZIP code 37880 ) . The nearby TVA Watts Bar nuclear plant ( in bordering Rhea County ) , and Watts Bar Dam spanning the Tennessee River across the Meigs County and Rhea County lines have played , and continue to play , an important role in the local economy . Ten Mile originated in a small community at the cross of Old Ten Mile and Ten Mile roads , which is next to Ten Mile Creek . The community consisted of a small school , a post office and two churches . The town has now moved closer to Watts Bar Lake . The only things that still exist in the old community are the two churches . The Ten Mile community is named after the stream flowing through it , Ten Mile Creek . Although there are no definitive archives to specifically document who named the stream Ten Mile Creek or why , based on early maps of the area , the best educated guess is that the distance of the creek measures approximately 10 miles . The Ten Mile zip code 37880 had a 2010 population of 3,477 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a72142050c9fd269615eb434fa11e9a1", "text": "James Wilby James Jonathon Wilby ( born 20 February 1958 ) is an English film , television and theatre actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f846b3104d4afee363754c61fe4751e", "text": "Jack Dishel Jack Dishel ( born Yevgeny Leonidovich Dishel ) is an American musician , actor , writer , comic and producer . Born in the Soviet Union , he grew up in the US from the age of three . He releases and performs music under the band name Only Son and was previously the lead guitarist for The Moldy Peaches . On December 17 , 2015 , Dishel launched his new web series , '' : DRYVRS '' starring Macaulay Culkin , which amassed over 6 million views on its first day of release and within its first week online had been viewed more than 20 million times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "108efe2a0adae3eb09a5e8d45f6de21e", "text": "Gary Plumley Gary Plumley ( born 24 March 1956 in Birmingham ) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Newport County , Hereford United and Cardiff City , and in the Hong Kong First Division League for Happy Valley . A goalkeeper , Plumley made 187 appearances for Newport County in four spells with the club between 1976 and 1987 . He was part of the team that won the Welsh Cup and were promoted to the Third Division in the 1979 -- 80 season , and in the subsequent season reached the quarter-final of the 1981 European Cup Winners Cup , holding eventual runners-up Carl Zeiss Jena to a draw in the away leg before losing 1 -- 0 at home . Plumley also played for Hereford United , Cardiff City , Happy Valley and Ebbw Vale . Plumley 's father Eddie was chief executive of Watford , a family connection which led to him making a one-off appearance in the 1987 FA Cup semi-final . Watford goalkeeper Tony Coton broke a finger two weeks before the game leaving manager Graham Taylor needing to find cover for Steve Sherwood after the transfer deadline . In desperation , Taylor suggested to Eddie Plumley that they sign his son , who had by then retired from football . Plumley signed , Sherwood dislocated a finger , so Plumley played ; Tottenham Hotspur won the match 4 -- 1 . No fee had been agreed at the time but Graham Taylor wanted to pay Plumley . A few weeks later he received a cheque and went straight out and bought a fridge with it . They called it the Watford fridge . Plumley became an estate agent in Newport . He is married to Debbie Johnsey , who represented Great Britain at show jumping at the 1976 Montreal Olympics . Their daughter Gemma Plumley is also an accomplished show jumper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbf56acd12ec124221f554bcfbcb0f62", "text": "Temperatures Rising Temperatures Rising is an American television sitcom that aired on the ABC network from September 12 , 1972 to August 29 , 1974 . During its 46-episode run , it was presented in three different formats and cast line-ups . The series was developed for the network by William Asher and Harry Ackerman for Ashmont Productions and Screen Gems . Set in a fictional Washington , D.C. hospital , the series featured James Whitmore as a no-nonsense chief of staff , forced to deal with the outlandish antics of a young intern ( Cleavon Little ) and three nurses ( Joan Van Ark , Reva Rose , and Nancy Fox ) . For the first season , 26 episodes were produced and broadcast . In the second season , Whitmore was replaced in the lead role by comedian Paul Lynde , and Asher was replaced as producer by Duke Vincent and Bruce Johnson . The series was re-titled The New Temperatures Rising Show , and featured a new supporting cast : Sudie Bond , Barbara Cason , Jennifer Darling , Jeff Morrow , and John Dehner . Cleavon Little was the only returning member of the original cast . In this season , Lynde was presented as the penny-pinching chief of staff , with Bond as his nagging mother and owner of the hospital . The New Temperatures Rising Show ran for 13 episodes before being placed on hiatus in January 1974 due to poor ratings . It returned in July in yet another incarnation . Asher returned as producer and restored the series to its original format -- albeit with Lynde continuing in the lead . Reverting to the original title of Temperatures Rising , Little remained in the show 's cast , accompanied by a new line-up of supporting players : Alice Ghostley , Barbara Rucker and , returning from the first season 's cast , Nancy Fox . Offered as a summer replacement on Thursday nights , the third version of the sitcom ran for seven episodes , after which it was cancelled permanently .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3636fba41efda627b3cf890c120c91cc", "text": "Gordon Lord Gordon John Lord ( born 25 April 1961 ) is a former cricketer : a left-handed batsman who played for Warwickshire and Worcestershire , but who despite a promising start in which he played three Youth Tests for England never fulfilled this promise and retired well short of 100 first-class games . After his matches for Young England in the West Indies in 1979-80 , Lord had to wait more than three years before making his senior debut for Warwickshire , in a John Player League game against Nottinghamshire in late August 1983 . He made 40 , and was retained for the County Championship match against the same opponents which immediately followed : in this he hit 61 and 29 to keep himself in the team for two more September Championship matches . Lord had another few outings in 1984 , and had a longer run in the first team the following year . However , the highlights -- 199 against Yorkshire ( he was run out one short of what would have been his only double century ) and his only List A century , 103 against Derbyshire -- were overshadowed by his poor form at other times ; his second-highest first-class score that season was a mere 18 . Another forgettable summer , with few opportunities , followed , and Lord departed for rivals Worcestershire for the 1987 season . At New Road , Lord was given more chances in the first team , and when he hit 862 first-class runs in 1988 it seemed that his career might receive the kick-start it so badly needed , but a wretched 1989 followed in which he averaged under 19 and made only two fifties all year . In the batsmans ' - dream summer of 1990 , he averaged over 45 , including a score of 190 against Hampshire in August , and finally broke through the 1,000-run mark , being awarded the county cap that had eluded him at Warwickshire . But it was a false dawn , and after another mediocre season in 1991 Lord 's first-class career came to a quiet end at Kidderminster , being dismissed for 3 in his only innings . He did , however , play two minor games for Herefordshire in the 1992 Holt Cup . His uncle , Charles Watts , played one first-class match for Leicestershire in 1924 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5eb0477814bf4b3059193b69357f609e", "text": "Joan Ruddock Dame Joan Mary Ruddock , DBE ( née Anthony ; born 28 December 1943 ) is a British Labour Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Lewisham Deptford from 1987 to 2015 . Ruddock was Minister of State for Energy at the Department of Energy and Climate Change until 11 May 2010 . She stood down at the 2015 General Election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c710a4d740412a4e58c3212cc9cddfa", "text": "Willy Clarkson William Berry `` Willy '' Clarkson ( 1861 - 12 October 1934 ) was a theatrical costume designer and wigmaker . A 1900 article in the theatrical newspaper The Era stated that `` Not to know Willy Clarkson and his doings is to be out of the theatrical world , for Willy Clarkson , with the bright and easy ( though sometimes anxious ) manner is ever hovering `` before and behind . '' Scarcely any big production in London is undertaken without the aid of the owner of the Wellington-street wiggeries . '' Clarkson 's father had been making wigs since 1833 and Willy Clarkson took over his father 's business in 1878 . In an 1898 court case Clarkson was fined for the offence of employing women in a factory on a Sunday . Author James Morton described Clarkson as `` the more notorious of Soho 's blackmailers of the interwar years '' in his 2012 book Gangland Soho . Morton describes a public lavatory in Soho 's Dansey Place as being known locally as Clarkson 's Cottage , and wrote that Clarkson was an accomplished insurance fraudster , with 11 of 12 premises Clarkson occupied having burnt down . Willy Clarkson drafted his will himself and did not leave the residue of his estate to any particular person . This meant that upon his death his estate would have been forfeit to the crown . A solicitor 's clerk , William C. Hobbs , then forged Clarkson 's will in his favour with the help of lawyer Edmond O'Connor . Hobbes was later sentenced to five years in prison for this crime and O'Connor seven . A London County Council blue plaque unveiled in 1966 commemorates Clarkson at 41-43 Wardour Street in Soho . The foundation stone of Clarkson 's Wardour Street premises ( then Wellington Street ) was laid by the actress Sarah Bernhardt and the coping stone by actor Henry Irving . Clarkson 's occupied the building from 1905 to 1940 . On his death in 1934 Clarkson was buried in a modest grave in the Actors ' Acre in Brookwood Cemetery . Harry J. Greenwall published The Strange Life of Willy Clarkson : An Experiment in Biography in 1936 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35b237fca326cf5af613323e3eda068d", "text": "Worst Episode Ever `` Worst Episode Ever '' is the eleventh episode of The Simpsons ' twelfth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 4 , 2001 . In the episode , Bart and Milhouse are banned from The Android 's Dungeon after stopping Comic Book Guy from buying a box of priceless Star Wars memorabilia for $ 5 . However , when Comic Book Guy suffers a massive heart attack after Tom Savini 's show , he hires Bart and Milhouse as his replacements while he leaves his job to make friends . `` Worst Episode Ever '' was written by Larry Doyle and directed by Matthew Nastuk . The series ' staff found it hard to make Comic Book Guy seem likable , since he is usually portrayed as sarcastic and unfriendly . The episode features actor and makeup artist Tom Savini as himself . In its original broadcast , the episode was seen by approximately 10 million viewers , finishing in 27th place in the ratings the week it aired . Since its broadcast , the episode received positive reviews from critics , and Hank Azaria won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance for his performance as Comic Book Guy in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bfc6e682c0f8be8dee868bde8079428", "text": "Robert Watts Robert Watts ( born 23 May 1938 ) is a British film producer who is best known for his involvement with the Star Wars and Indiana Jones film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbb3b7833eebb43e8dfeeffce999d6fa", "text": "Lou Watts Louise `` Lou '' Watts ( born 4 June 1962 ) is a British musician , perhaps best known for her vocal work with anarcho-punk and later folk band , Chumbawamba . Born in Burnley , Watts was member of Chumbawamba from their formation in 1982 until their disbandment in 2012 , making her the second-longest serving band member behind Boff Whalley . She joined Whalley , Danbert Nobacon and Midge and Tomi in 1982 to form the original line-up , and the band made their live debut in January of that year . The band gained a reputation for their anarchist views , and gained popularity for their opposition to homophobia and fascism and support of feminism and gay rights . Watts provided lead vocals for the band 's hit song Tubthumping , which gained them international recognition , and topped charts in Australia , Canada , Ireland , Italy and New Zealand as well as Tubthumping 's follow-up song Amnesia , which reached number 1 on the UK Singles Chart . They were also nominated for a Brit Award for `` Best British Single '' at the 1998 Brit Awards , at which they also performed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec2e1cce3cb2cb4cc174527000a584ce", "text": "Jon Savage Jon Savage ( born Jonathan Malcolm Sage ; 2 September 1953 in Paddington , London ) is an English writer , broadcaster and music journalist , best known for his award-winning history of the Sex Pistols and punk music , England 's Dreaming , published in 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65f7fe19ad2334a267b21b6eb585942c", "text": "Thirty-Minute Theatre Thirty-Minute Theatre is an anthology drama series of short plays shown on BBC Television between 1965 and 1973 , which was used in part at least as a training ground for new writers , on account of its short running length , and which therefore attracted many writers who later became well known . It was initially produced by Graeme MacDonald . Thirty-Minute Theatre began on BBC2 in 1965 with an adaptation of the black comedy Parson 's Pleasure ( author , Roald Dahl ) . Dennis Potter contributed Emergency -- Ward 9 ( 1966 ) , which he partially recycled in the much later The Singing Detective ( 1986 ) . In 1967 BBC2 launched the UK 's first colour service , with the consequence that Thirty-Minute Theatre became the first drama series in the country to be shown in colour . As well as single plays , the series showed several linked collections of plays , including a group of four plays by John Mortimer named after areas of London in 1972 , two three-part Inspector Waugh series starring Clive Swift in the title role , and a trilogy of plays by Jean Benedetti , broadcast in 1969 , focusing on infamous historical figures such as Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin . Other plays were broadcast by writers like Charlotte and Denis Plimmer ( The Chequers Manoeuvre , 1968 ) , David Rudkin ( Bypass , 1972 , and Atrocity , 1973 ) and Jack Rosenthal ( And For my Next Trick , 1972 ) . Thirty-Minute Theatre was cancelled in August 1973 . Second City Firsts , also of 30 minutes duration , fulfilled much the same role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cb8712e13cf2e79eb21b8ce96146b5f", "text": "Heating and Domestic Engineers' Union The Heating and Domestic Engineers ' Union was a trade union representing a wide range of workers , particularly those involved with domestic pipework , in the United Kingdom . The union was founded in 1872 as the Amalgamated Stove , Grate and Kitchen Range Fitters ' Protection Society . It hoped to compete with the Amalgamated Society of Engineers by restricting its membership to those in a specific trade , but was also less selective in deciding the qualifications for membership . The union survived , but remained very small for many years with only 360 by the end of the century . It changed its name to the Amalgamated Society of Kitchen Range , Hot Water , Art Metal and Other Fitters Concerned with the Above Trades in 1887 , then to the United Society of Fitters and Smiths in 1898 . In 1908 , the Amalgamated Society of Whitesmiths , Domestic Engineers and General Pipe Fitters and the Birmingham Society of Hot Water and Steam Engineers merged into the union , which changed its name to the National Union of Operative Heating and Domestic Engineers , Whitesmiths and General Iron Workers . It relocated its head office to Birmingham , and was finally able to claim a membership of more than 1,000 workers . The Society of Smiths , Fitters , Hot Water and Steam Engineers merged into the union in 1911 . In 1948 , it renamed itself as the National Union of Operative Heating and Domestic Engineers and General Iron Workers , then in 1956 it shortened this to the `` Heating and Domestic Engineers ' Union '' . In 1967 , the union merged into the National Union of Sheet Metal Workers and Coppersmiths .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db1aa0bc933d2cfd79ecbdb11854659b", "text": "Jon Thompson Jon Thompson ( 1936 -- February 2016 ) was an artist , curator and academic known for his involvement in the development of the YBA artist generation . As the Head of Goldsmiths Department of Art in the 1980s , Thompson opened up specialisms and allowed students to move freely between the different modes of practice , such as painting , sculpture , photography and printing , etc. . Jon was a consummate tutor and teacher - he was able to find the best in the many young artists he taught - offering insight and kind words when needed based on his broad understanding of the sector . He cared about all of his students and was able to encourage new ways of thinking , directing students to follow emerging themes and content . In the past his own art had moved from painting to a conceptual photography and sculpture , but since his retirement from teaching Thompson concentrated on a kind of abstract painting . This separated Goldsmiths from the dominance of art schools like St Martins . His discovery of the derelict Surrey Docks in the north of Southwark , enabled to him live in the empty Dock Offices alongside the large empty docks and open spaces . Students such as Eileen Cooper and Tony Bevan completed their BA in these studios , their work thriving on the large open space and Jon 's support . In 1988 Jon was involved in the curation of the now legendary Freeze warehouse exhibition along with various art students and Damien Hirst whom Thompson had accepted on to the course and tutored since that time . After a break from Goldsmiths , Jon Thompson became Head of the MA Fine Art course at Middlesex University 's School of Art ( previously Hornsey College of Art ) and lectured on artists such as Marcel Duchamp and Piero Manzoni . He also curated shows at the Hayward Gallery in London including Gravity and Grace and Falls the Shadow with Barry Barker . 2011 saw the publication of The Collected Writings of Jon Thompson by Ridinghouse , which brought together the collected writings of the British artist , writer and professor . These writings are just brilliant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "467284819f44dd3413411048220fe10d", "text": "Plumbers and Gasfitters Employees Union Building The Plumbers and Gasfitters Employees ' Union Building ( PGEUB ) is an office building for the Plumbers and Gasfitters Union , located in Melbourne , Victoria . It was commissioned in 1969 with architect Graeme Gunn to design it , in creative collaboration with landscape designer Ellis Stones , and Merchant Builders . Construction was completed in 1971 . The design itself was architecturally intended to be up to date .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ff9a36ff979f56b365a57e49c9603bfe	Cosmopolitan as of 2011 only contains content which includes articles on dogs.	[ { "docid": "9bf239e46416cabcf70b97f00aa5cbae", "text": "Cosmopolitan (magazine) Cosmopolitan is an international fashion magazine for women . Formerly titled The Cosmopolitan , the magazine was first published in 1886 in the United States as a family magazine ; it was later transformed into a literary magazine and eventually became a women 's magazine in the late 1960s . Often referred to as Cosmo , its content as of 2011 includes articles on women 's issues , relationships , sex , health , careers , self-improvement , celebrities , fashion , and beauty . Published by Hearst Corporation , Cosmopolitan has 64 international editions , is printed in 35 languages , and is distributed in more than 110 countries .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "38d9dd2f8f35cdf14f850e312f38ee83", "text": "Magazine A magazine is a publication , usually a periodical publication , which is printed or electronically published ( sometimes referred to as an online magazine ) . Magazines are generally published on a regular schedule and contain a variety of content . They are generally financed by advertising , by a purchase price , by prepaid subscriptions , or a combination of the three . At its root , the word `` magazine '' refers to a collection or storage location . In the case of written publication , it is a collection of written articles . This explains why magazine publications share the word root with gunpowder magazines , artillery magazines , firearms magazines , and , in French , retail stores such as department stores .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b1e6306b5a4554bc1dd3df2d5a54270", "text": "Journalism ethics and standards Journalism ethics and standards comprise principles of ethics and of good practice as applicable to the specific challenges faced by journalists . Historically and currently , this subset of media ethics is widely known to journalists as their professional `` code of ethics '' or the `` canons of journalism '' . The basic codes and canons commonly appear in statements drafted by both professional journalism associations and individual print , broadcast , and online news organizations . While various existing codes have some differences , most share common elements including the principles of -- truthfulness , accuracy , objectivity , impartiality , fairness and public accountability -- as these apply to the acquisition of newsworthy information and its subsequent dissemination to the public . Like many broader ethical systems , journalism ethics include the principle of `` limitation of harm . '' This often involves the withholding of certain details from reports such as the names of minor children , crime victims ' names or information not materially related to particular news reports release of which might , for example , harm someone 's reputation . Some journalistic codes of ethics , notably the European ones , also include a concern with discriminatory references in news based on race , religion , sexual orientation , and physical or mental disabilities . The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe approved in 1993 Resolution 1003 on the Ethics of Journalism which recommends journalists to respect the presumption of innocence , in particular in cases that are still sub judice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05d451ca2d3a483d22df8be4a01b9c46", "text": "Jewish Ideas Daily The Jewish Ideas Daily was a website which reported on news , culture and political issues relating to Judaism and Israel . Its mission was to be `` the premier aggregator and originator of Jewish ideas on the web '' . It was founded in January 2010 under the editorship of Neal Kozodoy . The Jewish Ideas Daily was a `` sister '' publication to the Jewish Review of Books . Until December 2012 , Jewish Ideas Daily was edited by Margot Lurie . From December 2012 on its editor was Suzanne Garment . In addition to original articles , and reviews of scholarly Jewish books , Jewish Ideas Daily also included five `` daily picks '' , linking to external articles , and podcasts on the weekly Torah portion by Michael Carasik . Original essays published in Jewish Ideas Daily often appeared in The Jerusalem Post . A box highlighting Jewish Ideas Daily content appeared daily on many Jewish websites , including that of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency . Jewish Ideas Daily drew notice for controversial features including one accusing Christopher Hitchens of antisemitism and the public resignation of one of Peter Beinart 's bloggers from the `` Open Zion/Zion Square '' blog . John Podhoretz described Jewish Ideas Daily as `` a peerless examination of intellectual , political , and cultural trends in Jewish life '' . According to British journalist Daniel Johnson , `` Jewish Ideas Daily is among many manifestations of new intellectual life in the American Jewish world -- a world that has always been marked by intensity and enlightenment '' . In June 2013 Jewish Ideas Daily was succeeded by Mosaic Magazine . A free online magazine , it offers daily summaries and links to stories around the web of interest to readers , as well as an extensive '' ... full-length monthly essay on an issue or theme of pressing significance for Jews , Judaism , or the Jewish state '' . Issue topics range from cultural or religious questions through to social and philosophical topics with in depth responses appended throughout the month for the benefit of both Jewish and Gentile readers . Like Jewish Review of Books , and Jewish Ideas Daily , Mosaic Magazine is funded by the Tikvah Fund , a philanthropic foundation established by the late Zalman Bernstein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27064043c7d6547e489a23d5a017d3b5", "text": "Dog World (newspaper) Dog World is a weekly newspaper published in the United Kingdom . It is one of two specialist publications - the other being Our Dogs - catering mainly for the serious enthusiast of the pedigree dog but with content aimed at all who are interested in dogs . It should not be confused with the Dog World magazine published in the USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2817380c7e8feb5ca9885aec329e11e", "text": "TVGoHome TVGoHome was a website which parodied the television listings style of the British magazine Radio Times . It was produced fortnightly from 1999 to 2001 , and sporadically until 2003 , by Charlie Brooker . The site now exists only in archive form . TVGoHome columns also appeared for a short time in Loaded magazine , sometimes edited from their original web version . The website gained a cult following , partly due to its tie-up with the technology newsletter Need To Know , and its use of strong language , surreal imagery and savage satire reminiscent of the work of Chris Morris . Indeed , Morris himself contributed on occasion , under the pseudonym ` Sid Peach ' . Regular targets for ridicule were the Daily Mail , Mick Hucknall of Simply Red , and the TV presenters Rowland Rivron and Nicky Campbell . TVGoHome '' 's most consistent target , however , was fictional . Nathan Barley , an ex-public-school media wannabe living off his parents ' wealth , had his life chronicled in a fly-on-the-wall documentary series ( in the TVGoHome universe ) entitled simply ` Cunt ' . Detailing Barley 's life in comfortably wealthy Westbourne Grove in west London , the programme essentially mocked the `` new media '' scene and its population of middle-class web designers , DJs and magazine producers , their obsessions with absurd fashions and gadgetry , their inevitably feeble attempts at creativity and their tireless and ludicrous efforts to embody the cutting edge of urban cool . A spinoff book of the same title was later released featuring old and new material . Brooker has cited the increasing absurdity of reality television as one of the main reasons he stopped writing TVGoHome . The ideas for real life shows such as Touch the Truck , in which contestants must continually touch a truck for 24 hours in order to win the truck as a prize , were the kind of idea that at one point would only have existed as a satirical creation of Brooker 's website . Now that they were becoming a reality , Brooker felt it was time to stop . In 2006 , Brooker began a regular column in The Guardian '' , featuring new TVGoHome listings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "288fa35f194112cd0fa670a5643c4f50", "text": "Malacologia Malacologia is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of malacology , the study of mollusks . The journal publishes articles in the fields of molluscan systematics , ecology , population ecology , genetics , molecular genetics , evolution , and phylogenetics . The journal specializes in publishing long papers and monographs . The journal publishes at least one , sometimes two , volumes of about 400 pages per year , which may consist of 1 or 2 issues . According to the Journal Citation Reports , its 2010 impact factor is 1.024 . This ranks Malacologia 66th out of 145 listed journals in the category `` Zoology '' . The journal started publication in 1962 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83e35f2a1a51941dd661ddc2594c55e9", "text": "Cynology Cynology -LSB- sᵻˈnɒlədʒi -RSB- is the study of matters related to canines or domestic dogs . In English it may be a term sometimes used to denote serious zoological approach to the study of dogs as well as by writers on canine subjects , dog breeders and trainers and enthusiasts who informally study the dog .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58748b06d66af4d8943e15a0b2b72959", "text": "Pink Paper The Pink Paper was a UK publication covering gay and lesbian issues published by Millivres Prowler Limited . Founded in 1987 as a newspaper , it switched to internet-only publication in June 2009 . The decision to go online-only was announced in June 2009 and attributed to economic conditions , and at the time management said a printed version might reappear in the future . A decision to close the website - again citing poor economic conditions - was taken in June 2012 , with the site finally being shuttered in September 2012 . The brand and assets remain in the ownership of Millivres Prowler . As a tabloid newspaper , it had a circulation in the tens of thousands of copies across Britain , making it officially the biggest gay publication in the country . It was distributed free in bars , clubs , libraries , community centres , businesses and other places . The Pink Paper had regional correspondents around the country who filed stories from their area . They also covered national news stories . Comment , lifestyle , culture , celebrity interviews and gossip , travel , property and finance were also included in The Pink Paper . Past staff members include Phil Reay-Smith , now of ITN ; Ben Summerskill , former chief executive of Stonewall ; author Peter Lloyd and Tim Teeman of The Times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53341abcf654b9bdc7c0523fb8f99c21", "text": "Erotic comics Erotic comics are adult comics which focus substantially on nudity and sexual activity , either for their own sake or as a major story element . As such they are usually not permitted to be sold to legal minors . Like other genres of comics , they can consist of single panels , short comic strips , comic books , or graphic novels/albums . Although never a mainstream genre , they have existed as a niche alongside -- but usually separate from -- other genres of comics . During the mid-twentieth century , most comics were produced for children , and in North America the contents of most comics were constrained by the Comics Code Authority to be suitable for children . Consequently erotic comics have sometimes been subject to criticism and extra scrutiny compared to other forms of erotic art and storytelling . Additionally , the application of laws against child pornography to materials featuring fictional characters with no legal ages , have varied internationally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da321c0d37dd34d064a313286ff15be8", "text": "List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication . Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings : Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books . On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 . In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e022bc271f1089d1e5d39874fc22bb46", "text": "Listings magazine A listings magazine is a magazine which is largely dedicated to information about the upcoming week 's events such as broadcast programming , music , clubs , theatre and film information . The BBC 's Radio Times was the world 's first listings magazine when it was founded in 1923 to compete with daily newspapers , which had hitherto fulfilled the role . . With the expansion of broadcast media many others have followed , expanding the format to include columns about media production and personalities , such as TV Hebdo ( Québec ) in Canada , TV Guide in the US and hundreds of others worldwide . Broadcast guides are normally published either with a Saturday or Sunday newspaper or are published weekly or fortnightly . It has become a highly competitive area of publishing . Other listings magazines have started from a primary base in cultural events , such as Time Out magazine in the UK . Most major cities worldwide have one or many more such publications . During the politically charged 1970s and 1980s , many of these magazines , in the UK at least , played a progressive role as part of the alternative press and had a reputation for leftward leaning investigative and campaigning journalism . They were some of the first consumer magazines to carry lists of `` agitprop '' events . City Limits was probably the most outspoken of all UK-based listings magazines but almost all followed Time Out 's lead of including space for lesbian and gay events and clubs . In certain areas of the UK which were previously dominated by the old guard of regional newspapers , which were traditionally more conservative in outlook , this was the first time that gay issues were put on a par with others - this was particularly true of Bristol 's Venue ( magazine ) , Southampton 's Due South Magazine , and to a lesser extent Manchester 's City Life where the local press ( Manchester Evening News ) had been at times at least , a little more tolerant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70dec585081c17d6470f25b45bae5bdf", "text": "The Nasty Bits The Nasty Bits : Collected Varietal Cuts , Usable Trim , Scraps , and Bones , is a largely nonfiction New York Times bestselling book by Anthony Bourdain , published in 2006 . The book is a collection of 37 exotic , provocative , and humorous anecdotes and essays , many of them centered around food , followed by a 30-page fiction piece ( `` A Chef 's Christmas '' ) . The book concludes with an appendix of commentaries on the various pieces , including when and why they were written . The essays range from descriptions of restaurant-kitchen life ; to various rants about places , people , and things Bourdain objects to ; to lively accounts of far-flung world travels and remote ethnic life and food ; to accolades of the unsung Latinos who cook most fine-dining restaurant food in America ; to glowing reports of cutting-edge chefs like Ferran Adrià ; to details of Bourdain 's obsessions and pursuits when he is not working ; to opinions and anecdotes on various other subjects . Bourdain organized the various essays and anecdotes into sections named for each of the five traditional flavors : Salty Sweet Sour Bitter Umami The book is , according to Bourdain , basically a collection of the best of his magazine and newspaper writings during the previous few years . As he says in the preface : I 've done a lot of writing for magazines and newspapers in the last few years , and it 's the better morsels ( I hope ) from that work that follow . ... I 've been writing this stuff for much the same reason behind my frenetic traveling : Because I can . Because there 's so little time . Because there 's been so much to see and remember . ... It 's an irritating reality that many places and events defy description . Angkor Wat and Machu Picchu , for instance , seem to demand silence , like a love affair you can never talk about . For a while after , you fumble for words , trying vainly to assemble a private narrative , an explanation , a comfortable way to frame where you 've been and what 's happened . In the end , you 're just happy you were there -- with your eyes open -- and lived to see it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10bb6fa89fc71878b921de7fe8166859", "text": "An Outline of Modern Knowledge An Outline of Modern Knowledge , published by Victor Gollancz in 1931 , was an `` omnibus '' volume intended to survey the full range of human knowledge . It was the first such volume to include entirely new material . Editor William Rose solicited leading authorities of the time , including Roger Fry , C. G. Seligman , Maurice Dobb , F. J. C. Hearnshaw , G. D. H. Cole , J. C. Flügel , R. R. Marett , and J. W. N. Sullivan among others , to contribute informative essays written for the common reader . The publishers explained their reasons for creating such a volume in their spring 1931 list of their latest titles : `` Because in our view there has been steadily growing , during the last twelve years , a desire to know which has had no parallel since the Renaissance , and which is now felt by relatively a far larger class of men and women than it was then . Under the surface of a vulgarity , a triviality , and a noisiness which ( because they have been the most blatant ) have seemed the most characteristic stigmata of our time , everywhere and in ever-widening circles educated people have been becoming philosophers -- have wished to understand as clearly as they might the meaning of their own life and that of the Universe . '' The twenty-four articles carried the reader through the subjects of science , philosophy , religion , sex , mathematics , astronomy , biology , anthropology , cosmogony , psychology , psycho-analysis , archaeology , economics , politics , finance , industry , internationalism , history , ethnology , geography , literary criticism , music , architecture , painting and sculpture . Category : Encyclopedias of history Category : English-language encyclopedias Category :1931 books Category : British encyclopedias", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75d54bebd4b037690cb2e3804cdae019", "text": "The Bookseller The Bookseller is a British magazine reporting news on the publishing industry . Philip Jones is editor-in-chief of the weekly print edition of the magazine and the website . The magazine is home to the Bookseller/Diagram Prize for Oddest Title of the Year , a humorous award given annually to the book with the oddest title . The award is organised by The Bookseller '' 's diarist , Horace Bent , and had been administered in recent years by the former deputy editor , Joel Rickett , and former charts editor , Philip Stone . We Love This Book is its quarterly sister consumer website and email newsletter . The subscription-only magazine is read by around 30,000 persons each week , in over 90 countries , and contains the latest news from the publishing and bookselling worlds , in-depth analysis , pre-publication book previews and author interviews . It is the first publication to publish official weekly bestseller lists in the UK . It has also created the first UK-based e-book sales ranking . The website is visited by 160,000 unique users each month . The magazine also produces approximately a dozen specials on an annual basis including its Books of The Year and four `` Buyers Guides '' . The Bookseller '' also publishes three daily newspapers at the annual London Book Fair , in April , the Bologna Children 's Book Fair and the Frankfurt Book Fair , in October .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb5568164202143b04529ec06fb0ce9d", "text": "Loyola Phoenix The Loyola Phoenix is the official newspaper of Loyola University Chicago in Chicago , Illinois . It is a student activity , and independent of the school 's journalism program . Published on a weekly basis , it not only serves the students and faculty of the various colleges of the university in the United States and Italy , but it also serves the northside Chicago neighborhoods of Edgewater and Rogers Park and has a readership that extends through the twenty-eight member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities . Past staff advisors have been affiliated with the Chicago Tribune . The current adviser to the newspaper is Bob Herguth , an editor at the Better Government Association and former editor at the Chicago Sun-Times . Following the newspaper 's coverage of an alleged violent beating of a gay man on the CTA Red Line by a then-Loyola student in Jan. 2010 , the Phoenix was subpoenaed for their notes regarding the case . Attorneys for the criminal defendant also subpoenaed the Chicago Sun-Times and the Chicago Tribune . In the summer of 2011 , however , judge Diane Cannon , blocked the subpoena , which set a new standard for student journalists , entitling them to the same protection as their professional counterparts . The ruling was the first decision in Illinois to apply the law to a student newspaper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "455e715c4f05d3549020a743ce519d72", "text": "Kiss (Irish magazine) Kiss ( stylised as KISS ) was an Irish magazine aimed at a teenage market containing knowledge about adolescent matters such as fashion advice , confessions , features on teenage cultural icons , relationship advice and problem pages with solutions especially designed for teenage readers . It is part of the VIP publishing franchise of Michael O'Doherty . Kiss was launched on 31 October 2002 as the first of O'Doherty 's solo business ventures . He had previously engaged in a number of co-ordinated business ventures in Ireland with his former business partner John Ryan ; Kiss succeeded the co-owned establishments of Magill in 1997 and VIP in 1999 and preceded later titles such as the glossy monthly targeted at women in the age group of eighteen to thirty-four Stellar and the failed New York Dog venture in New York City . Kiss is published at 2-4 Ely Place in Dublin 2 . Kiss '' 's rivals are the United Kingdom 's Bliss and Sugar . Upon its launch Kiss was lauded in the Irish media for its attempts to contribute to a more liberal and sexualised Ireland , one where the influence of the Roman Catholic Church had declined dramatically in the preceding decade . Only three decades previously , such teenage-oriented magazines were much more reserved in their content and approach and even the titles , i.e. Jackie and Blue Jeans , were not as outspoken as the word `` kiss '' in capitalised letters . Kiss was launched by O'Doherty 's publishing company as a response to the increasing popularity of similar , albeit British-based , publications such as Bliss and Sugar . It launched on 31 October 2002 , at the original ( much-deflated by current standards ) price of $ 2.50 and aimed at female readers between the ages of fourteen and seventeen . The first issue featured heavily its mantra of dealing with teenage problems , including articles on school bullying and the difficulties of blushing , written in a `` chatty and informative '' manner so as not to `` patronise '' the target audience . However O'Doherty is adamant that his magazine will not encourage young children to `` sleep with their boyfriends by providing How-To-Pleasure-Your-Fella features '' . To supplement its tone Kiss employs experts on what teenagers consider fashionable , with its so-called `` agony aunt '' being Sarah Scully , a child psychologist in Saint James 's Hospital , Dublin . Upon its launch the magazine was edited by Susan Vasquez , now editor of O'Doherty 's Stellar '' . The magazine is currently edited by Nathalie Màrquez Courtney . Kiss published its last issue in September 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1f346b3c7417c872722ce8b5e07fe61", "text": "Kleine Schriften Kleine Schriften is a German phrase ( `` short writings '' or `` minor works '' ; Opuscula ) often used as a title for a collection of articles and essays written by a single scholar over the course of a career . `` Collected Papers '' is an English equivalent . These shorter works were usually published previously in various periodicals or in collections of papers ( such as a Festschrift ) written by multiple scholars . A scholar 's Kleine Schriften may be contained in a single volume , or several volumes published at once or ( more commonly ) in series within a period of a few years . Multi-volume collections may contain a scholar 's minor or lesser-known book-length works as well . The title is usually reserved for the collected works of a scholar who wrote primarily in German or whose first language was German . The collection of a scholar who worked or taught internationally will often contain essays in more than one language ; the multi-volume Kleine Schriften of Walter Burkert , for instance , includes work in German , English , and French . In the case of expatriates , articles in the host language may outnumber those in German . This is particularly true of German philologists who emigrated in the 1930s , many of whom published much of their research in English or French ; Friedrich Solmsen 's three-volume Kleine Schriften , in which English articles outnumber German , is an example . Kleine Schriften may also appear as an explanatory subtitle ; for example , Gotica : kleine Schriften zur gotischen Philologie , a collection of papers on the extinct Gothic language by Ernst A. Ebbinghaus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46813e8651d72c5e189b1343e6fed3d8", "text": "H&E naturist H&E naturist ( originally Health and Efficiency ) is a 92-page monthly commercial magazine focusing on the naturist and nudist lifestyle , through articles on travel , health and culture , as well as various features on arts and books with a naked theme . This content and focus has sometimes caused it to be accused of appealing to consumers of pornography , although sexual nudity is absent from its pages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a796e5942bae8a4ddc578ea3c2759ba", "text": "GO (American magazine) GO ( previously GO NYC ) , is a `` cultural roadmap for the city girl , '' and is the nation 's most widely distributed , free , lesbian magazine . Based out of New York City , GO distributes 30,000 copies in 10 major cities , and receives 250,000 unique web hits monthly . The publication offers information on nightlife , arts & entertainment , news & current events , lifestyle , travel , advice , and celebrity Q&A s. GO was founded in 2001 by publisher Amy Lesser .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bb778829279746b50e5c23a42ed42b5", "text": "Hound & Horn Hound & Horn , originally subtitled `` a Harvard Miscellany '' , was a literary quarterly founded by Harvard undergrads Lincoln Kirstein and Varian Fry in 1927 . At the time , the college 's literary magazine The Harvard Advocate did not accept their work , so they convinced Kirstein 's father , the president of Filene 's Department Store in Boston , to fund the launch of their own literary magazine . Modeled on T. S. Eliot 's The Criterion , it was intended to focus on student life at the university and work submitted by its students and famous literary Harvard alumni . Later on in its run , the publication broadened in scope to include many modern writers . The title of the magazine was taken from Ezra Pound 's poem `` The White Stag '' : `` Tis the white stag Fame we 're hunting , bid the world 's hounds come to horn . '' Contributions were made by writers such as Gertrude Stein , Katherine Ann Porter and a young Elizabeth Bishop . In 1928 , R.P. Blackmur became the magazine 's first managing editor , staying until 1930 when he resigned . Yvor Winters served as a regional editor . In 1930 , the magazine moved headquarters to New York City . It ceased publication in 1934 when Kirstein decided to fund George Balanchine and the newly established School of American Ballet . It was the first to publish several writers who would later become famous , and to publish articles that would be historically significant , such as `` The Reappearance of photography '' by Walker Evans in 1931 . Years after the journal 's demise , Ralph de Toledano approached Kirstein about reviving it . Despite initial interest by Kirstein , the project never came to fruition .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ff190ce27d447e687dbc7577b404bf28	By area, Nepal is the ninety-third largest country on Earth.	[ { "docid": "61e008aaaba6800f4e2fb667c3e2009e", "text": "Nepal fi Nepal ( -LSB- Nepālhelp = no -RSB- -RCB- -RCB- -LSB- neˈpal -RSB- ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal , is a landlocked central Himalayan country in South Asia . Nepal is divided into 7 provinces and 75 districts and 744 local units including 4 metropolises , 13 sub-metropolises , 246 municipal councils and 481 villages . It has a population of 26.4 million and is the 93rd largest country by area . Bordering China in the north and India in the south , east , and west , it is the largest sovereign Himalayan state . Nepal does not border Bangladesh , which is located within only 27 km ( 17 mi ) of its southeastern tip . Neither does it border Bhutan due to the Indian state of Sikkim being located in between . Nepal has a diverse geography , including fertile plains , subalpine forested hills , and eight of the world 's ten tallest mountains , including Mount Everest , the highest point on Earth . Kathmandu is the nation 's capital and largest city . It is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the official language . The territory of Nepal has a recorded history since the Neolithic age . The name `` Nepal '' is first recorded in texts from the Vedic Age , the era which founded Hinduism , the predominant religion of the country . In the middle of the first millennium BCE , Gautama Buddha , the founder of Buddhism , was born in southern Nepal . Parts of northern Nepal were intertwined with the culture of Tibet . The Kathmandu Valley in central Nepal became known as Nepal proper because of its complex urban civilisation . It was the seat of the prosperous Newar confederacy known as Nepal Mandala . The Himalayan branch of the ancient Silk Road was dominated by the valley 's traders . The cosmopolitan region developed distinct traditional art and architecture . By the 18th century , the Gorkha Kingdom achieved the unification of Nepal . The Shah dynasty established the Kingdom of Nepal and later formed an alliance with the British Empire , under its Rana dynasty of premiers . The country was never colonised but served as a buffer state between Imperial China and Colonial India . In the 20th century , Nepal ended its isolation and forged strong ties with regional powers . Parliamentary democracy was introduced in 1951 , but was twice suspended by Nepalese monarchs in 1960 and 2005 . The Nepalese Civil War resulted in the proclamation of a republic in 2008 , ending the reign of the world 's last Hindu monarchy . Modern Nepal is a federal secular parliamentary republic . It has seven states . Nepal is a developing nation , ranking 144th on the Human Development Index ( HDI ) in 2016 . The country struggles with the transition from a monarchy to a republic . It also suffers from high levels of hunger and poverty . Despite these challenges , Nepal is making steady progress , with the government declaring its commitment to elevate the nation from least developed country status by 2022 . Nepal also has a vast potential to generate hydropower for export . Nepal 's foreign relations expanded after the Anglo-Nepal Treaty of 1923 , which was recognised by the League of Nations . After a Soviet veto in 1949 , Nepal was admitted to the United Nations in 1955 . Friendship treaties were signed with the Dominion of India in 1950 and the People 's Republic of China in 1960 . Nepal hosts the permanent secretariat of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) , of which it is a founding member . Nepal is also a member of the Non Aligned Movement and the Bay of Bengal Initiative . The military of Nepal is the fifth largest in South Asia and is notable for its Gurkha history , particularly during the world wars , and has been a significant contributor to United Nations peacekeeping operations .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "921538be95adf6c7ae36c83b8a2a9db3", "text": "Krasnoyarsk Krai Krasnoyarsk Krai ( -LSB- Красноя́рский край , r = Krasnoyarsky kray , p = krəsnɐˈjarskʲɪj ˈkraj -RSB- ) is a federal subject of Russia ( a krai ) , with its administrative center in the city of Krasnoyarsk -- the third-largest city in Siberia ( after Novosibirsk and Omsk ) . Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in the Russian Federation , the second largest federal subject ( after the Sakha Republic ) , and the third largest subnational governing body by area in the world , after Sakha Republic and the Australian state of Western Australia . The krai covers an area of 2339700 km2 , which is nearly one quarter the size of the entire country of Canada ( the next-largest country in the world after Russia ) , constituting roughly 13 % of the Russian Federation 's total area and containing a population of 2,828,187 , or just under 2 % of its population . ( 2010 Census ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc14fdd61ca1836374a934d972c8582b", "text": "Mahottari District Mahottari District ( -LSB- : ne : महोत्तरी जिल्ला , महोत्तरी जिल्ला -RSB- , ) , a part of Province No. 2 , is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal . The district , with Jaleshwar as its district headquarters , covers an area of 1,002 km ² and had a population of 553,481 in 2001 and 627,580 in 2011 . Its headquarters is located in Jaleshwar , a neighbouring town of the historical city of Janakpur . The name Jaleshwar means the ` God in Water ' . One can find a famous temple of Lord Shiva in Water there . Jaleshwar lies at a few kilometres distance from the Nepal-India border and has a majority of Maithili people . In janakpur zone there are two districts ; mahottari and dhanusha and both are in a distance of 1 hour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d74031c0c09c083e875ff0302f621dd", "text": "Bhojpur, Nepal Bhojpur Municipality is a town in Eastern Nepal . It was established on 18 May 2014 merging the existing Bhaisipankha , Bokhim , Bhojpur , Taksar Village Development Committees It is the district headquarters of Bhojpur district , a hilly/mountainous district in Kosi Zone . At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5823 people living in 1199 households . Bhojpur bazaar is home to many Newar businessmen as well as skilled Newar craftsmen , and is famous for its metalwork , particularly khukuri knives . Other major towns in the district include Dingla to the north , Ghoretar to the south , and Taksar near the airstrip , from where flights connect to Biratnagar and Kathmandu . A road is currently under construction to link Bhojpur bazaar with Hile , Dhankuta , Dharan , and the rest of Nepal 's North-South Koshi Highway . Historically it is a part of Majh Kirat ( middle Kirat / Khambuwan ) , and used to be called `` east number 4 '' . Middle Kirat consists mainly of Bhojpur and Khotang districts , the traditional home of kirat Rai people , an indigenous ethnic group of Nepal . In addition to Rais , other ethnic groups include Magars , Gurungs , and Tamangs , as well as castes like Chhetris , Bahuns , and Dalits . Bhojpur was recently the site of a major incident involving Maoist rebels and the Nepali national security forces on March 3 , 2004 . An estimated 1,500 Maoists attacked the camps of the security forces at the district headquarters . This incident was the most serious one since the Maoists called off the cease-fire on August 24 , 2003 . 32 security personnel were killed ( both army and police ) , as well as 42 Maoists rebels , including some women . The telephone tower and the buildings of the District Administrative Office were completely destroyed , while those buildings housing the District Land Revenue Office , Rashtriya Banijya Bank and some private houses were partially destroyed . Tensions between Maoists and security forces emerged in February 2001 when the Bhojpur VDC headquarters were destroyed . The Khumbuwan Liberation Front ( KLF ) , destroyed the 250-kilowatt micro-hydropower project built by the Chinese on the Pikhuwa river on January 26 , 2002 . On April 18 , 2002 , a group of 50-60 rebels destroyed the airport tower by breaking through the gate of the tower , setting it ablaze by pouring kerosene , and destroying important devices by hurling a powerful bomb . Several minor skirmishes had also occurred in northern areas of the district , leading up to the deadly clash in March 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c8ab5b28375f42f620077e1fda07ca4", "text": "Cordillera A cordillera is an extensive chain of mountains or mountain ranges . The term is a borrowing from Spanish , in which it has the same meaning . The Spanish word originates from cordilla , a diminutive of `` cuerda '' , or `` rope '' . It is most commonly used in the field of physical geography . The term is particularly applied to the various ranges of the Andes of South America , and less frequently to other mountain ranges in the `` ridge '' which rims the Pacific Ocean . In Colombia and Venezuela the cordilleras are named according to their position : Cordillera Occidental , Central , and Oriental . Various local names identify the cordilleras in Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia , Chile , and Argentina . Mountain ranges of this type have a complex structure , usually the result of folding and faulting accompanied by volcanic activity . In South America the ranges include numerous volcanic peaks . ( Though not itself a volcano , Argentina 's Mt. Aconcagua , at 22,834 feet ( 6,960 metres ) high , is the highest point in the Western Hemisphere . The Andes cordillera has Ojos del Salado , the highest active volcano in the world , and second highest point in the Western Hemisphere . A number of the volcanoes have been active in historic times . Aside from the volcanic peaks , the crests include many narrow ridges , some of which reach into the zone of permanent snow . Between the ranges there are numerous inhabited valleys , basins , and low plateaux with a wide range of elevations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "162d3ac2e9ecfa156a2340af2322692b", "text": "Banni Grasslands Reserve Banni Grasslands Reserve or Banni grasslands form a belt of arid grassland ecosystem on the outer southern edge of the desert of the marshy salt flats of Rann of Kutch in Kutch District , Gujarat State , India . They are known for rich wildlife and biodiversity and are spread across an area of 3,847 square kilometres . They are currently legally protected under the status as a protected or reserve forest in India . Though declared a protected forest more than half a century ago Gujarat state 's forest department has recently proposed a special plan to restore and manage this ecosystem in the most efficient way . Wildlife Institute of India ( WII ) has identified this grassland reserve as one of the last remaining habitats of the cheetah in India and a possible reintroduction site for the species . The word ` Banni ' comes from Hindi and Sanskrit word ` banai ' , meaning made . The land here was formed from the sediments that were deposited by the Indus and other rivers over thousands of years . Old villagers from this region say that before the 1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake , the river Indus flowed right through banni and the local farmers reaped a rich harvest of crops like red rice and sindhi chookha etc. , red rice was the staple diet of the people of the region and it was even recommended by medical practitioners as a ` light diet ' for ailing people . However , since the earthquake of 1819 the river Indus changed its course and now flows through Sindh in neighbouring country of Pakistan effectively turning this entire region arid . Banni grassland is peculiar to the Rann of Kutch , it has some forty Sindhi speaking Maldhari ( cattle breeders ) hamlets , home to the Halaypotra , Hingora , Hingorja , Jat and Mutwa tribes . It was first declared a `` protected forest '' in May 1955 , using the nomenclature of the Indian Forest Act , 1927 . Since then , the actual transfer of the land from the Revenue department to the Forest department has not been completed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5babcd801020d3d568da5a3ac6d4916f", "text": "Urban area An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment . Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities , towns , conurbations or suburbs . In urbanism , the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment . The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning , which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment . The world 's urban population in 1950 of just 746 million has increased to 3.9 billion in the decades since . In 2009 , the number of people living in urban areas ( 3.42 billion ) surpassed the number living in rural areas ( 3.41 billion ) and since then the world has become more urban than rural . This was the first time that the majority of the world 's population lived in a city . In 2014 there were 7.25 billion people living on the planet , of which the global urban population comprised 3.9 billion . The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs at that time predicted the urban population would grow to 6.4 billion by 2050 , with 37 % of that growth to come from three countries : China , India and Nigeria . Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization . Urban areas are measured for various purposes , including analyzing population density and urban sprawl . Unlike an urban area , a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area , but also satellite cities plus intervening rural land that is socio-economically connected to the urban core city , typically by employment ties through commuting , with the urban core city being the primary labor market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c9bde1fc0c87d22870a442a65b16c03", "text": "Oceanic plateau An oceanic or submarine plateau is a large , relatively flat elevation that is higher than the surrounding relief with one or more relatively steep sides . There are 184 oceanic plateaus covering an area of 18,486,600 km2 , or about 5.11 % of the oceans . The South Pacific region around Australia and New Zealand contains the greatest number of oceanic plateaus ( see map ) . Oceanic plateaus produced by large igneous provinces are often associated with hotspots , mantle plumes , and volcanic islands -- such as Iceland , Hawaii , Cape Verde , and Kerguelen . The three largest plateaus , the Caribbean , Ontong Java , and Mid-Pacific Mountains , are located on thermal swells . Other oceanic plateaus , however , are made of rifted continental crust , for example Falkland Plateau , Lord Howe Rise , and parts of Kerguelen , Seychelles , and Arctic ridges . Plateaus formed by large igneous provinces were formed by the equivalent of continental flood basalts such as the Deccan Traps in India and the Snake River Plain in the United States . In contrast to continental flood basalts , most igneous oceanic plateaus erupt through young and thin ( 6 - ) mafic or ultra-mafic crust and are therefore uncontaminated by felsic crust and representative for their mantle sources . These plateaus often rise 2 - above the surrounding ocean floor and are more buoyant than oceanic crust . They therefore tend to withstand subduction , more-so when thick and when reaching subduction zones shortly after their formations . As a consequence , they tend to `` dock '' to continental margins and be preserved as accreted terranes . Such terranes are often better preserved than the exposed parts of continental flood basalts and are therefore a better record of large-scale volcanic eruptions throughout Earth 's history . This `` docking '' also means that oceanic plateaus are important contributors to the growth of continental crust . Their formations often had a dramatic impact on global climate , such as the most recent plateaus formed , the three , large , Cretaceous oceanic plateaus in the Pacific and Indian Ocean : Ontong Java , Kerguelen , and Caribbean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2c2c09e1a97bf62361fbb2ff377ffae", "text": "Nepal Oil Corporation Nepal Oil Corporation Limited ( NOC ) is a state owned trading enterprise of Nepal that imports , stores and distributes various petroleum products in the country . It was established on 1970 by the Government of Nepal under the `` Company Act , 2021 ( 1964 ) '' . The government owns 98.36 % of its share and rest is contributed by four other state owned enterprises : Rastriya Beema Sansthan , National Trading Ltd. , Nepal Bank Ltd. and Rastriya Banijya Bank . In the very beginning , the trading activities of NOC were started by storing two products in two drums under the leadership of the late Mr. Subarna Bikram Thapa appointed by Government of Nepal . His persistent endeavor to develop NOC resulted in more than 30,000 kilolitres ( kL ) of storage facilities for petroleum products in different development regions of Nepal . Nepal , being one of the land locked countries of south Asia , has to depend on India for the supply and distribution of various petroleum products as the eastern , southern and western part of the country is attached with India . The prospect of crude oil exploration in Nepal has not yet been proven a feasible one , so the entire national demand is met by import alone . From the very beginning of NOC 's trading activities , a special and long-term supply arrangement has existed with Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. ( IOC ) , a leading national oil company of India , having more than 55 % of the market share . NOC , headquartered in Kathmandu , has over the years expanded and now has five regional offices , branch offices , fuel depots , and aviation fuel depots , with total existing storage capacity of 71,558 kilolitres ( kL ) and employing 508 permanent and other contract work force . The highest policy making and controlling body of NOC is its Board of Directors . The Board is represented by all the shareholders . Currently the Chief Executive Officer ( CEO ) of NOC is the Managing Director who has the overall responsibility for day-to-day operations besides the Member-Secretary of NOC Board . Basically , the operations of NOC are coordinated under two broad categories of Marketing and Finance cum administration , each headed by Deputy Managing Director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ba869b1793998a95b3a94e45265b703", "text": "Mizoram Mizoram ( -LSB- langpronaudio = Mizorampron.oggmɪˈzɔərəm -RSB- ) is one of the states of Northeast India , with Aizawl as its capital city . The name is derived from Mi ( people ) , Zo ( lofty place , such as a hill ) and Ram ( land ) , and thus Mizoram implies `` land of the hill people '' . In the northeast , it is the southern most landlocked state sharing borders with three of the Seven , now with the addition of Sikkim , Eight sister states , namely Tripura , Assam , Manipur . The state also shares a 722 kilometre border with the neighbouring countries of Bangladesh and Myanmar . Like several other northeastern states of India , Mizoram was previously part of Assam until 1972 , when it was carved out as a Union Territory . It became the 23rd state of India , a step above Union Territory , on 20 February 1987 , with Fifty-Third Amendment of Indian Constitution ,1986 . Mizoram 's population was 1,091,014 , according to a 2011 census . It is the 2nd least populous state in the country . Mizoram covers an area of approximately 21,087 square kilometres . About 91 % of the state is forested . About 95 % of the current population is of diverse tribal origins who settled in the state , mostly from Southeast Asia , over waves of migration starting about the 16th century but mainly in the 18th century . This is the highest concentration of tribal people among all states of India , and they are currently protected under Indian constitution as a Scheduled Tribe . Mizoram is one of three states of India with a Christian majority ( 87 % ) . Its people belong to various denominations , mostly Presbyterian in its north and Baptists in south . Mizoram is a highly literate agrarian economy , but suffers from slash-and-burn jhum or shifting cultivation , and poor crop yields . In recent years , the jhum farming practices are steadily being replaced with a significant horticulture and bamboo products industry . The state 's gross state domestic product for 2012 was estimated at . About 20 % of Mizoram 's population lives below poverty line , with 35 % rural poverty . The state has about 871 kilometres of national highways , with NH-54 and NH-150 connecting it to Assam and Manipur respectively . It is also a growing transit point for trade with Myanmar and Bangladesh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90652dc4e54024e870e2040751610876", "text": "Law enforcement in Nepal The Nepalese Police Force is the national police of Nepal . It is independent of the Nepalese Army . Although once brought under the Army in the name of `` Unified Command '' , it is taken as a force separate from the Army . In the days of its establishment , Nepal Police personnel were mainly drawn from the armed forces of the Nepali Congress Party which fought against feudal Rana autocracy in Nepal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "368dec230f91a8b7b0a74c52f06b050a", "text": "Nepa Kingdom Nepa ( also known as Nipa , Neepa ) was a mountainous kingdom mentioned in the ancient Sanskrit epic Mahabharata . Its modern equivalent is identified as Nepal , a country located in the mountainous terrain of the Himalayas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0905c242efdfbc197f7edddaafe75261", "text": "List of people by number of countries visited This is a list of people by number of countries and territories visited . There are a number of people claiming to have visited every country in the world , though there is great debate as to how many countries there are in the world . The most commonly agreed base number is the number of United Nations member states , of which there are 193 . According to the United Nations , `` The recognition of a new State or Government is an act that only other States and Governments may grant or withhold . '' As a result , the membership of some countries to the United Nations is blocked by one or more other members , such as Taiwan and Kosovo , and there are also two observer states , the Holy See and the State of Palestine . Additionally , there are various dependencies and territories that maintain autonomy , their own government , immigration , and/or print their own currency , and can be widely held as de facto countries by travellers . ISO 3166 is maintained by ISO as an updated list of the aforementioned derived from United Nations sources ( Terminology Bulletin Country Names and the Country and Region Codes for Statistical Use maintained by the United Nations Statistics Divisions ) , and lists 249 countries . The Travelers ' Century Club , whose membership is limited to those travellers who have visited one hundred or more territories of the world , maintains its own official list of countries and territories , a total of 325 as of 1 January 2016 , which includes geographically separated areas , such as Hawaii and other areas of cultural interest . This list of people by countries visited does not prescribe one list as correct ; rather , it lists the number of countries visited from any of these competing lists . The Best Travelled is also considered a reference for the 1281 world regions and well travelled people , and hold a verification process to check on traveller 's claims . Their UN Master List regroups all those travellers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca85a8f8e74429f81fd07a5b1a02c0ba", "text": "Sub-Himalayan Range The Sub-Himalayan Range are the southernmost mountains in the Himalayan range . Their average height varies between 600 and 1200 meters , and are not so high in altitude as compared to other mountain ranges in the Himalaya range . Himalayan foot hills form the sub-Himalayan zone and from Punjab to Assam these hills are consist of a narrow belt of folded neogene molasse type sediments ( siwaliks ) . Southward , the folded siwaliks sequence is covered by Indo Gangetic Alluvium . An acute fault is `` Himalayan front fault '' cut the aluvium in foot hill region , this fault is a series of en-echlon faults which are parallel to the strike of the hills between Punjab and Assam . Northward , this sequence is terminated by MBT , which is a set of north dipping faults and forms the boundary between Southern Himalayas and Lesser Himalayas . Category : Mountain ranges of India", "title": "" }, { "docid": "019eec773d6bfc017fd93d1b943a692f", "text": "Transport in Nepal Nepal is a landlocked Himalayan country where transportation is difficult due to mountainous terrain . Nevertheless , there are some transport medium like road transportation and water transportation . Being a landlocked hilly country , road transportation is the only way to make easy travelling in Nepal . However , cable transport is an emerging transport mode in Nepal . Manakamana Cable Car and Chandragiri Cable Car are two cable transport providers in Nepal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2840b686a5cb491b76ef19a8b6e9696b", "text": "Madhesh Madhesh is a province and an autonomous state in the Terai belt of Nepal . The native Nepalese people who have cultural and demographic connections to Bihar and Uttar Pradesh across the borders in India are called Madhesi people . The indigenous inhabitants of the Terai are Tharu people who consider themselves to be Madhesi people . The eastern part of the Nepal Terai along with northern parts in Bihar is part of the cultural Mithila region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bbe04ef150c44776a6802bbf3c798b3", "text": "Tamang people The Tamang ( Devnagari : तामाङ ; tāmāng ) , or Murmi , are the indigenous inhabitants of the Himalayan regions of Nepal and India , their ancestral land is called Tamsaling . They are the aborigines of Yambu , or Kathmandu Valley , who had self-rule and autonomous roughly 2 centuries before present , systematically displaced during the expansion period of Gorkha Kingdom and this continues to the present day , the Central Development Region , Nepal remains where 70 % of the population reside . The traditionally Buddhist Tamang are the largest Tibeto-Burman ethnic group within Nepal , constituting 5.6 % of the national population of over 1.3 million in 2001 , increasing to 1,539,830 as of 2011 census , yet contested . Tamang are also a significant minority in Sikkim and Darjeeling District of West Bengal of India as permanent settlers ; their languages are fifth most spoken in Nepal ( note all Tamang languages are not mutually intelligible ) . They were one of the aborigines who were least affected by Nepalisation . Peculiar to Tamang people are complex marriage restrictions within the community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce8dfd79f604ad9c39c5c081e5c6f577", "text": "Metropolitan regions of China According to research by the National Development and Reform Commission ( NDRC ) of China , ten major metropolitan regions are forming in China . Together , they constitute about one-tenth ( 9.99 % ) of China 's land area , one-third ( 35.02 % ) of the country 's population and one-half ( 52.83 % ) of the country 's GDP ( as in 2005 ) . Among them , the largest three have been established since the beginning of China 's economic reform and are expected to remain the leading force of the country 's economic development in the coming decades .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "425ea6ea77fea93a998309755db5a4dd", "text": "Geology of Nepal The geology of Nepal is dominated by the Himalaya , the highest , youngest and a very highly active mountain range . Himalaya is a type locality for the study of on-going continent-continent collision tectonics . The Himalayan arc extends about 2400 km from Nanga Parbat ( 8,138 m ) by the Indus River in northern Pakistan eastward to Namche Barwa ( 7,756 m ) by the gorge of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra in eastern Tibet . About 800 km of this extent is in Nepal ; the remainder includes Bhutan and parts of Pakistan , India , and China . Since 55 Ma the Himalayan orogeny beginning with the collision of Indian subcontinent and Eurasia at the Paleocene/Eocene epoch , has thickened the Indian crust to its present thickness of 70 km . The northwest tip of India after colliding with Asia seems to have met along the full length of the suture by about 40 Ma . Immediately prior to the onset of the Indo-Asian collision , the northern boundary of the Indian shield was likely a thinned continental margin on which Proterozoic clastic sediments and the Cambrian ± Eocene Tethyan shelf sequence were deposited .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f43b8296a0a4f529daaba08f5bb087f", "text": "Mechi Zone Mechi ( -LSB- : ne : मेची अञ्चल , मेची अञ्चल -RSB- is one of the fourteen zones of Nepal , comprising four districts ; namely Ilam , Jhapa , Panchthar and Taplejung . Its headquarters are at Ilam . It comes under the Eastern Development Region of Nepal . The Indian state of Bihar is to the south and Tibet to the north . The largest town is Damak in the Terai . The majority of the population in Mechi are Kirantis ( Limbu and Rai ) and other ethnic groups like Koche and Meche , and hill castes like Bahun and Chhetris . Mechi is divided into four districts : Among the four districts , Jhapa is in the Terai and it is more developed than the other three districts . Ilam and Panchthar are in the hilly region . Ilam is also in a developing stage . Ilam is naturally very beautiful , with many tourists visiting Ilam annually . Kanyam is popular for its tea garden . At Antu the rising sun can be viewed . Panchthar is the least developed of the four districts . Taplejung is in the mountainous zone . There are two airports within Mechi : one in Bhadrapur and one in Taplejung .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53eb6cf4407af757b6a235139113046f", "text": "Hari Ram Hari Ram was a pundit who explored the region around Mount Everest in 1871-1872 . At first he was not allowed to enter Tibet , but his luck changed when he met a district official whose wife was ill . He examined her , checked his medical book for a disease with similar symptoms , and gave her some pills . To his own surprise , the woman recovered , and from then he found relatively little difficulty in travelling on . He gave a frightening account of his trip along the Bhote Koshi river : He followed the general course of the Bhotia-Kosi River , which he was obliged to cross fifteen times within twenty-five miles -LSB- 40 km -RSB- . At one place the river ran in a gigantic chasm , the sides of which were so close to one another that a bridge of 24 paces was sufficient to span it . Near this bridge the precipices were so impractible that the path had to be supported on iron pegs let into the face of the rock - the path being formed by bars of iron and slabs of stone stretching from peg to peg and covered with earth . This extraordinary path is in no place more than eighteen inches -LSB- 460 mm -RSB- , and often not more than nine inches -LSB- 230 mm -RSB- in width , and is carried for more than a third of a mile -LSB- 500 m -RSB- along the face of the cliff , at some 1,500 feet -LSB- 500 m -RSB- above the river , which could be seen roaring below in its narrow bed . The Pundit , who has seen much difficult ground in the Himalayas , says he never in his life met anything to equal this bit of path . ( report of Montgomerie to the Royal Geographical Society ) During his voyage , Hari Ram had opened up 30,000 square miles ( 78,000 km ² ) of virtually unknown territory . He had travelled all the way around Mount Everest , but because other mountains stood in between , he never actually saw it . On a second journey , Hari Ram traversed northern Nepal from west to east . Ram , Hari", "title": "" } ]	fever
a17e9302ad68b5a2537e10963162c28c	Wentworth premiered on Broadway.	[ { "docid": "f93c6efdd496e7525d5b25cb2bd3f9c4", "text": "Wentworth (TV series) Wentworth is an Australian television drama series . It was first broadcast on SoHo on 1 May 2013 . The series serves as a contemporary reimagining of Prisoner , which ran on Network Ten from 1979 to 1986 . Lara Radulovich and David Hannam developed Wentworth from Reg Watson 's original concept . The series is set in the modern day and begins with Bea Smith ( Danielle Cormack ) 's early days in prison . For the first three seasons , Wentworth was filmed on purpose-built sets in the suburbs of Clayton , Victoria . Production moved to Newport , Victoria starting with the fourth season . The show has received a mostly positive reception from critics , and the first episode became the most watched Australian drama series premiere in Foxtel history . The series was picked up by several countries , including New Zealand and the UK , where it has been retitled Wentworth Prison . A fifth season was commissioned on 19 July 2016 , which premiered on 4 April 2017 . A sixth season was commissioned by Foxtel on 9 May 2017 which began filming the following week , and will premiere in 2018 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "171a24ea7e87c1e8beb76395dade0d97", "text": "Wentworth, South Dakota Wentworth is an incorporated village in Lake County , South Dakota , United States . It is the only incorporated village in the state of South Dakota . The population was 171 at the 2010 census . Wentworth was platted in 1881 , and named for the local Wentworth family , the original owner of the town site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adbd78c39d4b068519f33eab33241339", "text": "Lyceum Theatre (Broadway) The Lyceum Theatre ( pronounced ly-CEE-um ) is a Broadway theatre located at 149 West 45th Street near Times Square between Seventh and Sixth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan , New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c74808744166aefd74f23b42f05e6ebc", "text": "Jack O'Diamonds Jack O'Diamonds is a musical play with music by Noel Gay and book and lyrics by Clifford Grey and H.F. Maltby . It opened at London 's Gaiety Theatre on 25 February 1935 . The New York Times reported that it opened to good notices and that its American star , Zelma O'Neal `` scored a triumph '' . One critic said of her pairing with co-star Reginald Purdell : `` The spirit with which these two combine lends life and a touch of originality to the whole production '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76309863bc0c89e4547c4aaabf3d3422", "text": "Lakeboat Lakeboat is a semi-autobiographical play by David Mamet , written in 1970 and first produced in 1980 ( revised version ) . As he would later do with Glengarry Glen Ross , Mamet drew upon experiences from a past vocation to create high drama . In this case , he turned to his days as a cook aboard a cargo ship to frame this tale of Dale Katzman , a college student from an Ivy League school `` near Boston '' who takes a summer job as a cook in the galley of the T. Harrison , a lake freighter for a Chicago-based steel concern . Dale 's predecessor , Guigliani , endured a particularly violent end while on terra firma , the cause and nature of which is speculated by the other crew members . Dale , and the audience , gets to know each of them , including : Fireman , who reads voraciously when not `` watching the gauges '' ; Fred , who imparts his unique , politically incorrect philosophy regarding women on the young man ; and , especially , Joe Litko , a 23-year veteran of the seas , who sees much of himself in Dale . The dialogue is Mametspeak at its most raw , as secrets are shared , picayune matters are debated , and fantasies are laid out , vividly . The play 's world premiere was staged by the Milwaukee Repertory Theater on April 24 , 1980 ; subsequent major productions were mounted by the Long Wharf Theatre and the Goodman Theatre in 1982 . In 2000 , Mamet penned the screenplay for a film adaptation , which featured his half-brother Tony Mamet in the lead role of Dale . The ensemble cast also included Robert Forster as Joe Litko , Denis Leary as Fireman , and Jack Wallace , a veteran of Mamet productions , as Fred . Joe Mantegna , well-versed in the world of Mamet , made his directorial debut with the feature . The British Premiere of Lakeboat was at the Lyric Theatre , London in 1998 , and was directed by Aaron Mullen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4b8f1aba9dc803d1cf199d65be6e3e6", "text": "Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play The Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play is an honor presented at the Tony Awards , a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre , to actors for quality leading roles in a Broadway play . The awards are named after Antoinette Perry , an American actress who died in 1946 . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the Tony Award Productions , a joint venture of The Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing , to `` honor the best performances and stage productions of the previous year . '' Despite the award first being presented in 1947 , there were no nominees announced until 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eebf5ae9a5f628fc96532361769a9819", "text": "Belvoir St Theatre Belvoir St Theatre is an Australian theatre company venue in Sydney , New South Wales . The venue in Belvoir Street , Surry Hills previously operated as the Nimrod Theatre , and was founded as '' ` Belvoir St '' in 1984 by Sue Hill and Chris Westwood . It is the home of the theatre company Belvoir . The building was purchased by a syndicate of people , and there are currently 600 owners , including noted actors , directors , writers and performers : Robyn Archer , Gillian Armstrong , Peter Carey , Judy Davis , Mel Gibson , Max Gillies , Nicole Kidman , Sam Neill , Patrick White , David Williamson , Neil Armfield , Michael Willesee and Colin Friels . Previous owners on the books have also included the late Dame Joan Sutherland , Ruth Cracknell , Gwen Plumb , Dorothy Hewett and Patrick White . Renovations costing around $ 11.6 million commenced in 2005 and were delayed in 2006 with the discovery of asbestos in the building 's roof . The theatre reopened in October 2006 with the Sydney season of It Just Stopped by Stephen Sewell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3415e148d4a0ea068180b29bfc43f851", "text": "New Girl in Town New Girl in Town is a musical with a book by George Abbott and music and lyrics by Bob Merrill based on Eugene O'Neill 's 1921 gloomy play Anna Christie , about a prostitute who tries to live down her past . New Girl , unlike O'Neill 's play , focuses on the jealousy of the character Marthy and on love 's ability to conquer all . The musical ends far more hopefully than the play . The Broadway production opened on May 4 , 1957 at the 46th Street Theatre , where it ran for 431 performances . The show was written as a star vehicle for Gwen Verdon , who had just had a hit with Damn Yankees and won raves for her portrayal of Anna , a role that showed off her acting , singing and dancing abilities to maximum effect . Composer Bob Merrill was at the beginning of a string of 1960s successes . New Girl in Town , produced by Frederick Brisson , Robert E. Griffith and Harold S. Prince , was well received by both critics and audiences . Verdon and co-star Thelma Ritter shared the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical , and the show received three other Tony nominations , including the Best Musical and best choreography for Bob Fosse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11dd9d649ff5075c0317701c349ffe64", "text": "Broadway (Portland, Oregon) Broadway is a street in Portland , Oregon that runs from the Southwest Hills into the Rose City Park area of Portland . It is north-south in Downtown Portland , crosses the Willamette River over the Broadway Bridge , and is east-west on the east side of the river . The Memorial Coliseum and Lloyd Center are located on or near Broadway . Many old movie theaters are on Broadway in the Hollywood District . The street also runs through historic Irvington and Sullivan 's Gulch . Portland State University is also located on Broadway . The section west of the Willamette was the most vibrant street in downtown Portland even before it was renamed , in 1913 , from 7th Avenue to Broadway , and this continued for decades . During the day , it was a bustling shopping street , and remains a busy shopping street today . The street hosted several movie theaters and vaudeville playhouses , and at night their many neon signs and lighted marquees gave the area a look that was similar to Manhattan 's more-famous Broadway . Almost all of the movie theaters have since closed , most in the 1960s and 1970s , but the street remains the center of downtown 's nightlife . Theaters still located on Broadway in downtown include the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall ( in a former Paramount Theatre ) and the Antoinette Hatfield Hall . Over a dozen buildings on Broadway are listed on the National Register of Historic Places , but the street is meant to be a busy and commercial , and to provide a route through which Portlanders could commute . Due to an advanced lighting system installed in 1925 , it was once called `` the brightest street in the world . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e43f19beb0b4de43d09888fd997056a", "text": "The Performers (play) The Performers is a comedy play written by David West Read and directed by Evan Cabnet . It premiered on Broadway on November 14 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5955c5d8ce3ff519163304c0abcd8e62", "text": "Young Mrs. Winthrop (play) Young Mrs. Winthrop is an 1882 play by Bronson Howard which debuted on Broadway at the Madison Square Theatre on October 9 , 1882 , and ran for 183 performances , closing on April 7 , 1883 . It was the first play for which David Belasco served as stage manager at the theater .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf480a9655e0847109f9c0b7f8b453ec", "text": "The Last Ship (musical) The Last Ship is an original musical with music and lyrics by Sting and a book by John Logan and Brian Yorkey . Inspired by Sting 's own childhood experiences and the shipbuilding industry in Wallsend , Tyne and Wear , the musical premiered in the summer of 2014 , at the Bank of America Theatre in Chicago , before moving to the Neil Simon Theatre on Broadway . The musical received two Tony Award nominations in 2015 , for Best Original Score and Best Orchestrations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097d2e4cbd278542acd22ae5e9b45657", "text": "Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City . Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death . Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22e3f4ecf88340246854dafc02a4d1a0", "text": "Drama League Award The Drama League Awards , created in 1935 , honor distinguished productions and performances both on Broadway and Off-Broadway , in addition to recognizing exemplary career achievements in theatre , musical theatre , and directing . Each May , the awards are presented by the Drama League of New York at the Annual Awards Luncheon with performers , directors , producers , and Drama League members in attendance . Katharine Cornell was the recipient of the first award in 1935 , for Distinguished Performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c0a4a6611146a9f60c8639e1c7ff2d3", "text": "Broadway in Tucson Broadway in Tucson/A Nederlander Presentation is part of the nationally recognized Nederlander Producing Company of America . The Nederlander organization was awarded a contract by the City of Tucson in 2003 to present a series of Broadway musicals and special events downtown at the Tucson Music Hall and Leo Rich Theater , all of which are part of the Tucson Convention Center . Since 2003 Broadway In Tucson has been responsible for bringing over 25 Broadway shows to downtown Tucson . February 18 , 2010 marked the press release stating that Broadway in Tucson will be bringing the smash Broadway hit Wicked to Tucson , as a part of its 2010-2011 season . For the first time ever , a Broadway in Tucson show will be held at University of Arizona 's Centennial Hall . This presentation of Wicked is co-sponsored by UApresents ; subsequently this represents the first partnership between the two organizations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f9cfaea39801127398662f417e11b99", "text": "Isabel's a Jezebel Isabel 's a Jezebel is a British musical with music by Galt MacDermot and book and lyrics by William Dumaresq , based loosely on one of the Grimm 's Fairy Tales , centers around Isabel and her deep-sea lover , who spend their time copulating and arguing about bringing children into a world committed to death . After out-of-town tryouts , the musical premiered on 15 December 1970 on the West End at the Duchess Theatre , running for only 61 performances . The cast included Frank Aiello , Sharon Campbell , Helen Chappelle , Peter Farrell , Carole Hayman , Michele Mowbray , Maria Popkiewitz , Miguel Sergides , Howard Wakeling . The production was co-directed by Michael Wearing and Julie Arenal , who also choreographed . After his spectacular success with the musical Hair , expectations for MacDermot 's next work , Isabel 's a Jezebel , were high . The musical underwent several last minute cast changes , including Hayman 's joining the show just before opening night . The New York Times praised the score but called the book `` irretrievably inert . '' A cast album was released in 1972 ( Item 377673 ) Kilmarnock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2581d44fa3a73ae3bd60eeca0137d0b6", "text": "The Whirl of New York The Whirl of New York is a Broadway musical that premiered at Winter Garden Theatre on June 13 , 1921 . It was an expanded and substantially re-worked version of The Belle of New York ( 1897 , music by Gustave Kerker with book and lyrics by Hugh Morton ) . The show was billed not as a revival but as `` founded on The Belle of New York . '' . The new version had music by Gustave Kerker , Al Goodman and Lew Pollack ; book and lyrics by Hugh Morton and Edgar Smith ; additional music by Leo Edwards ; and additional lyrics by Sidney D Mitchell , Cyrus Wood and Cliff Friend . It opened to favourable reviews and ran for 124 performances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72ff7bf42e4bc11e9c558d326e6ac8c5", "text": "No Place Like Home (Wentworth) `` No Place Like Home '' is the first episode of Wentworth . The episode primarily centres around Bea Smith . This episode introduced the major characters Bea , Franky , Liz , Doreen , Jacs , Vera , Erica , Will , Boomer , Harry and Debbie . The main plot of the episode centers around Bea trying to fit into prison life while it tells her story of her being regularly abused by her husband . Other storylines feature the rivalry between Jacs and Franky which results in a riot which kills governor Meg Jackson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c6dba7d7a97c778a12ea9a067c801dd", "text": "Wesley Taylor Wesley Taylor ( born August 13 , 1986 ) is an American stage actor and writer , probably best known for his work on Broadway , Television , and his original web content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "696176d03752a3544d91a4edaa68cb3c", "text": "Golda's Balcony Golda 's Balcony is a play by William Gibson . It follows the trajectory of the life of Golda Meir from Russian immigrant to American schoolteacher to a leader of international politics as the fourth Prime Minister of Israel . Much of its focus is on the period surrounding the 1973 Yom Kippur War , when Israel was attacked by Egypt and Syria . Gibson 's drama suggests Meir threatened Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger with the launch of nuclear weapons against her enemies , conceivably starting World War III , unless the U.S. came to her country 's aid . Gibson first explored Meir in 1977 in his multi-character work Golda , which was produced on Broadway with Anne Bancroft in the title role . Never fully satisfied with the piece , he decided to tackle the subject matter , this time in the form of a one-woman play . Golda 's Balcony , produced by David Fishelson , opened Off-Broadway at Manhattan Ensemble Theatre ( `` MET '' ) on March 26 , 2003 , where it sold out its entire 16-week run . Three months after closing Off-Broadway , the MET production , also starring Tovah Feldshuh and produced by Fishelson ( directed by Scott Schwartz ) , opened on October 15 , 2003 at the Helen Hayes Theatre , where it ran for 14 previews and 493 performances , making it the longest-running one-woman show in Broadway history . Feldshuh was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play and won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Solo Performance . In 2006 the play was adapted into a film of the same title , starring Valerie Harper . The term `` Golda 's Balcony '' refers to the nickname given to an area inside the secretive Dimona nuclear weapons facility from which visiting VIPs can observe some of the activity taking place in the underground portion of the facility .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7aa007192b47c45af6d77d6046607ff", "text": "Wentworth Station Wentworth Station is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia , located in Cumberland County .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f02143c25d0fb9ee7baeb51d7b3f4b55	The Fujitsu iPAD was introduced by Fujitsu in 2002.	[ { "docid": "eae95b25ee32dbf8afbdf788bec357bd", "text": "Fujitsu iPAD The Fujitsu iPAD is a lightweight handheld device that was introduced by Fujitsu , in 2002 . It runs Microsoft 's CE.NET operating system . It supports 802.11 b wireless LAN to connect wirelessly with other company infrastructure . The device can support inventory management as well as credit card payments . In January 2010 , when Apple announced the Apple iPad , there was a naming controversy between the two devices . To settle the trademark infringement allegation , Apple purchased the trademark rights from Fujitsu . Some trademark analysts estimate that Apple paid Fujitsu over US$ 4 million in exchange for the March 17 , 2010 assignment of Fujitsu 's iPad trademark rights to Apple .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e898c990067ee90494b10ccdf799f617", "text": "PowerBook 1400 The PowerBook 1400 was a notebook computer designed and sold by Apple Computer ( now Apple Inc. ) from 1996 to 1998 as part of their PowerBook series of Macintosh computers . Introduced in November 1996 at a starting price of $ 2499 , it was the first new PowerBook after the controversial PowerBook 5300 . After the introduction of the more powerful PowerBook 3400 in February 1997 , the 1400 took on the role of Apple 's entry level notebook and remained there until its discontinuation in May 1998 . Its successor , the PowerBook G3 Series ( i.e. - `` Wallstreet '' / `` Mainstreet '' ) would ultimately go on to replace and consolidate not only the 1400 , but the 2400 and 3400 as well . Throughout its 18 months on the market , the PowerBook 1400 was available in a number of different configurations . It was originally released with a 117 MHz PowerPC 603e processor ; a 133 MHz processor was added in July 1997 , and the line topped out with a 166 MHz processor the following December . Each version was available as either a `` c '' or a `` cs '' model , differentiated largely by type of LCD technology used . While both models came with 11.3 '' color displays with 800 x 600 resolution , the pricier 1400c came equipped with an active matrix display and the 1400cs came with a less expensive passive matrix , dual-scan display . The optional 6x CD-ROM was implemented using a sleep-swappable module system similar to the one pioneered by the PowerBook 5300 ; other modules included a Zip drive and the standard 1.4 MB floppy ( an 8x CD-ROM would eventually become standard on the 133 MHz model ) . A pioneering feature of the 1400 was the `` BookCover '' laptop skin which allowed owners the opportunity to give their PowerBook a customized look . Every 1400 shipped with a gray cover , a clear cover , and six inserts ; a ClarisWorks template was also included as an `` extra '' on the system restore CD , from which users could design their own BookCover . The 1400 was easily upgradeable . System memory modules could be `` piggy-backed '' onto each other ( another feature unique to the 1400 ) , allowing the use of additional RAM . The CPU was located on a removable daughter card , which could be replaced with one containing a faster processor , including a number of commercially available cards with PowerPC G3 processors from vendors such as Sonnet Technologies , NewerTech , and Vimage . Aside from its two PC Card slots , the 1400 also included an internal expansion slot . Although few applications were ever developed to utilize it , Apple did release their own branded video card which included an increased amount of VRAM and an external video port . Other devices included a third-party video card , as well as a relatively rare Ethernet networking card . There are several well-known issues concerning the PowerBook 1400 . Like all other PowerBooks prior to the PowerBook G4 , the drive controller used in the 1400 is incompatible with ATA-6 hard drives . Compatibility issues could also arise with hard drives larger than 8.2 GB , resolvable by partitioning the boot drive to less than 8.2 GB or by using Mac OS 8.6 or later . Additionally , unlike all Apple notebooks to come after it , the 1400 would not boot from a CD by holding down the `` C '' key while starting the machine ; the only workarounds for this were selecting the CD in the Startup Disk control panel before rebooting , or pressing the Command-Opt-Shift-Del keys . According to Low End Mac the 117 MHz model is a `` compromised Mac '' due to the lack of a level 2 cache .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9815115862363bf098243f86ab446b19", "text": "Casio is a multinational consumer electronics and commercial electronics manufacturing company headquartered in Shibuya , Tokyo , Japan . Its products include calculators , mobile phones , digital cameras , electronic musical instruments , and digital watches . It was founded in 1946 , and in 1957 released the world 's first entirely electric compact calculator . Casio was an early digital camera innovator , and during the 1980s and 1990s , the company developed numerous affordable home electronic keyboards for musicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "814ecdb47bca44d9c85fc9120054ca5d", "text": "Apple Adjustable Keyboard The Apple Adjustable Keyboard is an ergonomic and adjustable keyboard introduced by Apple Computer in 1993 for the Macintosh personal computers at a retail price of US$ 219 . The keyboard attached to the computer via the Apple Desktop Bus ( ADB ) . The last Apple computer released compatible with this keyboard without using a USB to ADB adapter was the Power Macintosh G3 ( Blue & White ) , as it was the last one with the Apple Desktop Bus . It aimed to solve repetitive stress injuries resulting in carpal tunnel syndrome , after several computer keyboard manufacturers were sued for poor design . The Apple Adjustable Keyboard came with contoured plastic wrist rests , and a separate keypad with function keys and arrow keys . This was the third and last time Apple offered a separate numeric keypad . Unlike its predecessors , it was not sold separately . The keyboard also included volume buttons and a record button on the right side of the keyboard . It was hinged at the top , allowing the user to adjust the angle between the right and left sides of the keyboard . The split came between the key pairs : 5/6 , T/Y , G/H , and B/N . The space bar floated midway between the two parts . Although the keyboard addressed several ergonomic problems , it was reviewed poorly due to using a large amount of desk space , mainly because of the optional palm rests . The keyboard uses Alps SKFS switches , which provide tactile feedback with a slightly `` clicky '' feel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "616df987bbbdc6bd1e7f7d3d7a3947d5", "text": "June (company) June is a home automation company based in San Francisco . Its first product is the June Intelligent Oven , a computer-based , Wi-Fi-enabled , app-connected countertop oven that employs machine learning and computer vision technologies to identify and cook food . The oven was created by `` a team that brought the iPhone , the Fitbit , the GoPro , and Lyft to market . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c80a0070326a58d9d4d0c665f130fa83", "text": "Nexus 7 (2013) The second generation Nexus 7 is a mini tablet computer co-developed by Google and Asus that runs the Android operating system . It is the third tablet in the Google Nexus series , a family of Android consumer devices marketed by Google and built by an original equipment manufacturer partner . Following the success of the original Nexus 7 , a second generation of the device was released on July 26 , 2013 , four days earlier than the originally scheduled date due to early releases from various retailers . The tablet was the first device to ship with version 4.3 of Android . The second iteration of the 7 in tablet , code named `` Razor '' , has various upgrades from the previous generation , including a 1.5 GHz quad-core Snapdragon S4 Pro processor , 2 GB of memory , a 1920 × 1200 pixel display ( 323 pixels per inch ; 127 ppcm ) , dual cameras ( 1.2 MP front , 5 MP rear ) , stereo speakers , built-in inductive Qi wireless charging , and a SlimPort ( via micro USB connector ) capable of full high-definition video output to an external display .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03a710a1e6a7e618906fea3deb119b81", "text": "Psion Series 7 The Psion Series 7 is a subnotebook computer from Psion that was released in 2000 . In size it is fairly original -- larger than a palmtop or handheld machine , but smaller than a laptop computer . It was the first of the Psion series to have a full color screen -- and the last . It has a leather-bound clam-shell design , with a touch-sensitive , VGA-resolution LCD screen and QWERTY keyboard . Internally it boasts a 132.71 MHz StrongARM SA-1100 processor , 16 MB of RAM ( upgradable to 32 MB ) and 16 MB of internal ROM . The machine runs the EPOC operating system ( a predecessor of Symbian OS ) , and as such , can be programmed in the Open Programming Language ( OPL ) , using the provided development program , or in C++ or Java using a separate PC-hosted development system . It can be synchronized to a PC by means of an RS232 port to serial connector , a method that is antiquated by modern standards . The unit has an expansion port for a Compact Flash ( CF II ) device such as the Hitachi Microdrive . It also has a PC Card expansion port supporting flash storage , compact flash adapters , modems , wireless and GPS adapters . For data transfer between Psion computers , printers and to use mobile phones as modems the Series 7 features IrDA ( infrared ) connectivity . The Series 7 is a variant of the Psion netBook , a machine aimed at the corporate market . Due to customer demand , the `` cut-down '' Series 7 was released , distinguished by replacing 16 MB of the 32 MB of RAM with a 16 MB ROM chip . Accessing the OS in ROM required slowing the processor down , leading to the false perception that the netBook and Series 7 used different processors or PCBs . It is therefore possible to convert the Series 7 to netBook configuration by replacing this memory card . However , at least two different ( interchangeable ) PCBs were used during the product 's lifecycle , the later PCB distinguished by higher power output to the PC card .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3191b9ef0127476f8ae47de9964570ed", "text": "MStar MStar Semiconductor , Inc. . was a Taiwanese fabless semiconductor company specializing in mixed-mode integrated circuit technologies , based in Hsinchu Hsien . MStar made hardware for multimedia and wireless communications , in the form of display ICs and mixed-mode ( i.e. combining analog and digital functions ) ASIC/IPs , in addition to chip sets for GSM mobile handsets . MStar employed approx . 1300 in more than 10 branches worldwide . The company 's revenue was around US$ 1067 million in 2010 . The growth has been substantial , their revenue in 2005 was US$ 175 million . MStar is listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange under the code 3697 . MStar was often referred as `` Little-M '' in Chinese community , as a contrary part of the bigger semiconductor company `` Big-M '' , a.k.a. MediaTek . MStar was a spin-off ( 2-1 stock split ) from System General Technology in May 2002 , where the power IC product line stayed in System General Technology while the employees with the display and RFID product lines transferred to the new spin-off . After the spin-off , an 1-2 stock swap was taken to exchange the two companies back to their corresponding shareholders . Chairman of MStar was Wayne Liang , while Steve Yang was president and co-founder . In 2004 , after being involved in a court case where in a ruling by the International Trade Commission ( ITC ) , MStar Semiconductor were found guilty over infringing on a patent held by Genesis Microchip for a method to improve images on liquid-crystal-display ( LCD ) monitors and flat screen TVs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcf40cb757af39e184d99b021d3bd70e", "text": "AOpen AOpen ( , stylized AOPEN ) is a major electronics manufacturer from Taiwan that makes computers and parts for computers . AOpen used to be the Open System Business Unit of Acer Computer Inc. which designed , manufactured and sold computer components . It was incorporated in December 1996 as a subsidiary of Acer Group with an initial public offering ( IPO ) at the Taiwan stock exchange in August 2002 . It is also the first subsidiary which established the entrepreneurship paradigm in the pan-Acer Group . Currently , AOpen is a subsidiary of Wistron Group , a spin-off of the Acer Group . They are perhaps most well known for their `` Mobile on Desktop '' ( MoDT ) solutions , which implements Intel 's Pentium M platform on desktop motherboards . Because the Pentium 4 and other NetBurst CPUs proved less energy efficient than the Pentium M , in late 2004 and early 2005 , many manufacturers introduced desktop motherboards for the mobile Pentium M , AOPEN being one of the first .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89a3cf831f54a66df0a15066fa7b1292", "text": "Digital Transmission Content Protection Digital Transmission Content Protection ( DTCP ) is a digital rights management ( DRM ) technology that restrict digital home technologies including DVD players and televisions by encrypting interconnections between devices . This permits the distribution of content through other devices such as personal computers or portable media players , if they also implement the DTCP standards . DTCP has also been referred to as `` 5C '' content protection , a reference to the five companies that created DTCP ; Hitachi , Intel , Matsushita , Sony , and Toshiba . The standard was originally proposed in February 1998 , when the five companies presented the system to the Copy Protection Technical Working Group ( CPTWG ) , an ad hoc body organized to evaluate DRM technologies . The five companies subsequently established the Digital Transmission Licensing Administrator ( DTLA ) in June 1998 to simplify licensing procedures and promote acceptance of the DTCP method by content providers , electronics manufacturers , and broadcast service providers . They also released the 5C Digital Transmission Content Protection White Paper describing the system . The paper specifies Hitachi 's M6 cipher as the baseline encryption system , which was already in widespread use in the Japanese cable industry . At the time , FireWire was widely regarded as the up-and-coming standard for interconnecting media devices , although this has not been widely adopted in the decade following . More recently there appears to be a move to using TCP/IP carried on high-speed ethernet and WiFi connections to replace FireWire and similar systems , a move epitomized by the Apple TV . The DTCP standard has branched out to cover a variety of media types to respond to these industry changes , and now supports USB , IP , WiFi , Bluetooth and MOST ( a media standard for automotive platforms ) in addition to FireWire . DTCP specification is proprietary and is only disseminated to members , who agree to the DTLA agreements ( some fees need to be paid to even get the specification ) . An `` informational version '' of the specification , omitting some critical details of the implementation , is freely available .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57d013a73cdc540bc71b48ca0fb6df58", "text": "IEEE 1541-2002 IEEE 1541-2002 is a standard issued in 2002 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) concerning the use of prefixes for binary multiples of units of measurement related to digital electronics and computing . While the International System of Units ( SI ) defines multiples based on powers of ten ( like k = 103 , M = 106 , etc. ) , a different definition is sometimes used in computing , based on powers of two ( like k = 210 , M = 220 , etc. ) This is due to the use of binary addressing for computer memory locations . In the early years of computing , there was no significant error in using the same prefix for either quantity ( 210 = 1024 and 103 = 1000 are equal , to two significant figures ) . Thus , the SI prefixes were borrowed to indicate nearby binary multiples for these computer-related quantities . Meanwhile , manufacturers of storage devices , such as hard disks , traditionally used the standard decimal meanings of the prefixes , and decimal multiples are used for transmission rates and processor clock speeds as well . As technology improved , all of these measurements and capacities increased . As the binary meaning was extended to higher prefixes , the absolute error between the two meanings increased . This has even resulted in litigation against hard drive manufacturers , because some operating systems report the size using the larger binary interpretation . Moreover , there is not a consistent use of the symbols to indicate quantities of bits and bytes -- the unit symbol `` Mb '' , for instance , has been widely used for both megabytes and megabits . IEEE 1541 sets new recommendations to represent these quantities and unit symbols unambiguously . After a trial period of two years , in 2005 , IEEE 1541-2002 was elevated to a full-use standard by the IEEE Standards Association , and was reaffirmed on 27 March 2008 . IEEE 1541 is closely related to Amendment 2 to IEC International Standard IEC 60027-2 . The IEC standard was harmonized into the common ISO/IEC IEC 80000-13 :2008 - Quantities and units -- Part 13 : Information science and technology . This standard uses ` bit ' as the symbol for bit , as opposed to ` b ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc891c56063765b29a106cabed39132c", "text": "Power Macintosh G3 (Blue & White) The Power Mac G3 series ( commonly known as the `` Blue and White G3 '' , or sometimes either as the `` B&W G3 '' , `` Yosemite G3 '' or `` Smurf Tower '' to distinguish it from the original Power Macintosh G3 ) is a short-lived series of personal computers designed , manufactured and sold by Apple Computer Inc. as part of their Power Macintosh line . It was introduced in January 1999 , succeeding the original `` beige '' Power Macintosh G3 , with which it shared the name and processor architecture but little else ; it was discontinued in favor of the Power Mac G4 line in August 1999 . The Blue & White G3 used a modified version of the memory/PCI controller , the Motorola MPC106 ( codenamed `` Grackle '' ) ; it used the MPC106 v4 . The I/O `` Heathrow '' had been replaced by `` Paddington '' ( adding 100 Mbit Ethernet and power save features ) , the audio chip `` Screamer '' ( on the beige G3 's `` Personality Card '' ) had been replaced by `` Burgundy '' , and other controllers for Firewire ( Texas Instruments PCI-Lynx ) , for USB etc. were added . Though still based on the PowerPC G3 architecture , the G3 B&W was a totally new design . The first new Power Mac model after the release of the iMac , it used a novel enclosure with the logic board on the folding `` door '' , which swung down onto the desk for easy access ( a design that was also used on all Power Mac G4 models except for the Cube ) , and borrowed the iMac 's blue-and-white color scheme . It also introduced the New World ROM to the Power Macintosh line .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a156298f4266e608d49f1ba8ba269da6", "text": "Apple Mighty Mouse The Apple Mouse ( formerly Apple Mighty Mouse ) is a multi-control USB mouse manufactured by Mitsumi Electric and sold by Apple Inc. . It was announced and sold for the first time on August 2 , 2005 , and a Bluetooth version was available from 2006 to 2009 . Before the Mighty Mouse , Apple had sold only one-button mice with its computers , beginning with the Apple Lisa 22 years earlier . The Mighty Mouse supported two buttons , and a minuture trackball for scrolling . On October 20 , 2009 , the wireless Mighty Mouse was discontinued and replaced by the multi-touch Magic Mouse . The wired version of the device remains available , but was renamed the `` Apple Mouse '' as of the same date , due to trademark issues with another manufacturer of a device named `` Mighty Mouse '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3f6e55fd6b2f957b4a0a8a213a54496", "text": "Compaq Evo The Compaq Evo was a series of business desktop and laptop PCs and thin clients made by Compaq and Hewlett-Packard ( following the 2002 merger ) . The Evo brand was introduced by Compaq in May 2001 as a business-oriented brand , and replaced Compaq 's Deskpro brand for its desktops and Armada for its notebooks . Evo was rebranded as HP Compaq , which was used until 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72efdfa7e71c78f44162cc1f1879ed3e", "text": "TRS-80 Model 100 The TRS-80 Model 100 is a portable computer introduced in 1983 . It is one of the first notebook-style computers , featuring a keyboard and liquid crystal display , in a battery-powered package roughly the size and shape of a notepad or large book . It was made by Kyocera , and originally sold in Japan as the Kyotronic 85 . Although a slow seller for Kyocera , the rights to the machine were purchased by Tandy Corporation . The computer was sold through Radio Shack stores in the United States and Canada and affiliated dealers in other countries . It became one of the company 's most popular models , with over 6,000,000 units sold worldwide . The Olivetti M-10 and the NEC PC-8201 and PC-8300 were also built on the same Kyocera platform , with some design and hardware differences . It was originally marketed as a Micro Executive Work Station ( MEWS ) , although the term did not catch on and was eventually dropped .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c54829f4b572113017e4ddef390a881e", "text": "Palm TX The Palm TX ( written as `` Palm T \| X '' in official documentation ) was a personal digital assistant which was produced by Palm , Inc. . It was announced and released as part of Palm 's October 2005 product cycle , and was in production until March 2009 . It succeeded the Tungsten T5 PDA . The TX marked Palm 's discontinuation of `` Tungsten '' sub-branding for its high-end handhelds . It featured 802.11 b Wi-Fi and Bluetooth wireless connectivity . It ran Palm OS Garnet , version 5.4.9 . As Palm considered the LifeDrive to be separate from its PDA line , designating it as a `` Mobile Manager '' , the TX was Palm 's flagship PDA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6502f0313c16293034d46759099e3bb", "text": "T-Platforms T-Platforms is a Russian supercomputer company . Founded in 2002 , T-Platforms Group is headquartered in Moscow , Russia with regional offices in Hanover , Germany , Hong Kong , China and Taipei , Taiwan . The company has implemented more than 300 integrated projects , six of which were included in the Top500 list of the world 's most powerful supercomputers . T-Platforms owns patents on a number of supercomputer technologies and electronic components . T-Platforms ' solutions are used for fundamental and applied research in various fields of science , including life sciences , physics , chemistry and mathematics , as well as for calculation-intensive tasks in engineering , computer graphics and many other disciplines . In 2011 , HPCWire named Vsevolod Opanasenko , CEO of T-Platforms , one of 12 most famous and respected people of the global HPC community . In November 2011 , the 33,072 processor Lomonosov supercomputer in Moscow developed by T-Platforms ranked number 18 in the world , and the fastest in Russia . It placed 3rd in Europe . In October 2012 , T-Platforms delivered its first supercomputer in the US to the State University of New York at Stony Brook ( SBU ) . T-Platforms is part of the plan of the Russian government to focus on larger supercomputers by 2020 . In April 2013 , the United States Department of Commerce added T-Platforms to their `` list of organizations and individuals acting contrary to the national security or foreign policy interests of the United States '' , preventing the company from buying computer chips produced anywhere in the world if the factories producing them use American technology . The decision was based on US concerns that T-Platforms work includes `` the development of computer systems for military end-users , and the production of computers for nuclear research '' . T-Platforms was delisted from the list in December 2013/January 2014 , after removal request from the company The main competitor is RSC Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48f882c342719f2557f847518facef87", "text": "ThinkPad ThinkPad is a line of laptop computers and tablets developed by Lenovo . The series was designed , developed , and sold by IBM until Lenovo acquired the division and brand in 2005 . ThinkPads are known for their minimalist , black and box design which was initially modeled in 1990 by industrial designer Richard Sapper based on the concept of a traditional Japanese Bento lunchbox revealing its nature only after being opened . According to later interviews with Sapper , he also characterized the simple ThinkPad form to be as elementary as a simple , black cigar box and with similar proportions that offers a ` surprise ' when opened . ThinkPads are popular with large businesses and schools . Older ThinkPad models are revered by technology enthusiasts , collectors and power users due to their durable design , relatively high resale value , and abundance of aftermarket replacement parts . ThinkPad laptops have been used in space and , by 2003 , were the only laptops certified for use on the International Space Station .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6006b73ac9bfecbd14db0ec8c924b278", "text": "Analogue Nt The Analogue Nt is an aftermarket Nintendo Entertainment System and Famicom designed and manufactured by Seattle based company Analogue , Inc. . Designed around the original Nintendo CPU and PPU , the Analogue Nt is the only aftermarket NES and Famicom system that is not designed using emulation , since it uses the original Nintendo CPU and PPU . The goal of the system was to build a perfect , no-compromises aftermarket NES and Famicom . The default model was released with RGB ( RGB , Component , S-Video and Composite ) video outputs only , with an additional `` add-on '' for 1080p HDMI output and a plethora of other digital features . The Analogue Nt 's enclosure is solid aluminum unibody enclosure manufactured from 6061 aluminum . After sellout of the original Analogue Nt , Analogue announced the Analogue Nt mini , which is 20 % smaller than the original . The mini includes RGB & HDMI outputs but , according to Analogue 's website , does n't use the original Nintendo CPU & PPU : `` The core functionality of the original NES is engineered directly into an Altera Cyclone V , a sophisticated FPGA . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8afad354e45aea782a99f79e264e8984", "text": "Unboxing Unboxing is the unpacking of new products , especially high tech consumer products , where the process is captured on video and uploaded to the web . Yahoo Tech places the first Unboxing video to be for the Nokia E61 cellphone in 2006 . According to Google Trends , searches for the term `` unboxing '' began to surface in the final quarter of 2006 . Early unboxing videos were focused mainly either on gadgets or fashion items , however once the trend took off unboxing videos were available for , as Yahoo 's Deb Amien put it `` nearly every thing that is available for purchase '' By 2014 the popularity of the videos were such that some companies had been known to upload unboxing videos for their own products , whilst others sent products to uploaders for free . Some consider the popularity of this practice is due to the ability of showing the product exactly for what it is without any adulteration advertisers usually make around the product . Being able to see what one is getting can contribute to the decision process . Some users have tried to make these unboxings more interesting by adding special effects or doing them in different ways , such as underwater unboxing of a waterproof smartphone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a7e131dfce739fbda613133c1674e74", "text": "Sharp Corporation is a Japanese multinational corporation that designs and manufactures electronic products , headquartered in Sakai-ku , Sakai . Since 2016 it has been an integral part of Taiwan-based Foxconn Group . Sharp employs more than 50,000 people worldwide . The company was founded in September 1912 in Tokyo and takes its name from one of its founder 's first inventions , the Ever-Sharp mechanical pencil , which was invented by Tokuji Hayakawa in 1915 . As of 2013 , Sharp Corporation is the tenth-largest , by market share , television manufacturer in the world . In Japan it has been a long-time leader . Sharp has at times also been the most popular mobile phone brand in the Japanese market , but is currently third biggest .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f5fd2eb04916ab7cd9f216fc10810b27	Cage Warriors is an MMA promotion that held its first event in London.	[ { "docid": "94a148bab1c6944e1427be952b666911", "text": "Cage Warriors Cage Warriors Fighting Championship or CWFC is a mixed martial arts promotion , based in London . Cage Warriors was established in 2001 and staged its first MMA event in London in July , 2002 . Currently it has scheduled events in Chechnya , Baghdad and Beirut . Many of the biggest stars in MMA have made their names under the Cage Warriors banner , including Gegard Mousasi , Conor McGregor and Michael Bisping . CWFC are one of the few top promotions to take their events abroad , travelling throughout countries in Europe , North America and the Middle East . CWFC staged 26 events across 12 different countries in 2012 and 2013 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "304aeb0dc7230afae9a80213e5f640e0", "text": "Club fighter A club fighter ( or clubfighter ) is a professional boxer who usually fights locally and has a mediocre record . Club fighters generally are not nationally recognized and have not won any fights that show the ability to win a championship . The term is often used as a pejorative for over-hyped fighters or for older boxers when they begin to decline . For example , Floyd Mayweather Jr. called Arturo Gatti `` a blown-up club fighter '' , even though Gatti was the WBC super lightweight champion at the time . A club fighter is less respected than a contender , who defeats journeymen and club fighters in order to establish himself as a challenger for a world title . A journeyman is slightly more respected than a club fighter -- often by way of having a superficially good record . Category : Boxing terminology Category : Pejorative terms for people", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70e38c247af90cc27f22849d86c77828", "text": "Geography of London London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom , located in southeastern Great Britain . The London region covers an area of 1579 km2 , and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre . A larger area , referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8382 km2 , and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre . London is a port on the Thames ( see main article Port of London ) , a navigable river . The river has had a major influence on the development of the city . London began on the Thames ' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames . For many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city . When more bridges were built in the 18th century , the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88f1925f9ab6a4583efb0bfd8a4ead57", "text": "AWA Lightweight Championship The AWA Lightweight Championship is a professional wrestling championship in the South African professional wrestling promotion Africa Wrestling Alliance , contested exclusively among Lightweight ( 85 kg ) wrestlers . It was created on April 7 , 2009 and was first contested on the AWA House of Pain : Night of the Champions supercard , where Nick Fury won it in a six-man battle royale", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e021673d2bdce72c2659615c041f94c3", "text": "Super Fight League Super Fight League Is a mixed martial arts promotion , based in India The organisation was formed in 2012 by actor Sanjay Dutt and British Indian businessman Raj Kundra . Super Fight League has produced close to 50 live televised events broadcast on Colors , Neo Prime , ESPN Star Sports and on YouTube live worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "268390c19bceb7983093d70e86f0e282", "text": "Mixed Martial Arts Pakistan Mixed Martial Arts Pakistan ( or PAK MMA ) is the premiere mixed martial arts ( MMA ) and martial arts promotion based in Pakistan that was created in December 2007 by Bashir Ahmad to promote martial arts ( and martial sports such as boxing and wrestling ) styles in Pakistan with a particular focus on mixed martial arts competition . From organizing seminars all around Pakistan to having the first mixed martial arts event in the country , Mixed Martial Arts Pakistan has had a huge amount of success in being the first organization to promote MMA in Pakistan . Mixed Martial Arts Pakistan covers everything from the training of students , promoting events , sponsoring of fighters and the organization also reaches out to the community as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aff715d71726e1e2683f798d86db3b0a", "text": "2010 in Cage Warriors The year 2010 is the ninth year in the history of Cage Warriors , a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United Kingdom . In 2010 Cage Rage Championships held 3 events beginning with , Cage Warriors 37 : Right to Fight .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15cfdc058e59239f9fe83298f11b4d03", "text": "2005 in UFC The year 2005 is the 13th year in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) , a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States . In 2005 the UFC held 10 events beginning with , UFC 51 : Super Saturday . The reality TV series The Ultimate Fighter and the UFC Ultimate Fight Night both premiered on Spike TV . The Ultimate Fighter 1 Finale was the first ever live UFC broadcast on non-pay-per-view television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b6433e9d72bfcafab89ab10c0a282fb", "text": "Frontier Wrestling Alliance Frontier Wrestling Alliance ( FWA ) is a professional wrestling promotion in Britain . Established in 1993 as the Fratton Wrestling Association it soon became the Frontier Wrestling Alliance six years later and until 2007 when it lost a scripted inter-promotional feud with International Pro Wrestling : United Kingdom . As a result of losing the promotion was forced to close and the company XWA was founded , largely based on the old FWA with some old staff and wrestlers as well as some championships . However , in 2009 the FWA brand was relaunched again as a separate promotion to the XWA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e214590f13766fb5b52b3ced7e67144e", "text": "Salter Brothers Entertainment Salter Brothers Entertainment was founded by British brothers Simon and Andrew Salter , the founders and creators of The Feeling Nuts Movement . Salter Brothers is an entertainment , media and marketing agency and production company with investments in music , television , sport , technology and philanthropy . Their clients include David Haye , Velocity , The LADBible Group . It was announced during a press conference on 24 November 2015 that Salter Brothers Entertainment had entered into a joint venture with former Heavyweight Champion David Haye as the management behind ` Brand Haye ' and promoters behind Haye 's comeback fight on 16 January 2016 at The O2 Arena in London , which they marketed as Haye Day . The event was viewed by Haye 's largest ever TV audience , over 3 million . A large number of celebrity friends of the brothers were in attendance ; Sigma performed an opening concert and A-lister guests ringside included Benedict Cumberbatch and Idris Elba . It was also the first ever live boxing fight filmed and streamed live in VR and 360 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48468acad76907833f8ce6c015739173", "text": "Dan Hardy Daniel Mark `` Dan '' Hardy ( born 17 May 1982 ) is an English former mixed martial artist who fought in the welterweight division . During his professional MMA career starting in 2004 , Hardy fought in various promotions such as Cage Force and Cage Warriors before signing a contract with the Ultimate Fighting Championship in 2008 . He is currently an analyst and color commentator for the UFC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e69fa27122ad5e2722691c560d991eac", "text": "2002 in UFC The year 2002 is the 10th year in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) , a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States . In 2002 the UFC held 7 events beginning with , UFC 35 : Throwdown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33e52545b6b95be469e90f75a9de9587", "text": "Memphis Championship Wrestling Memphis Championship Wrestling ( MCW ) was a professional wrestling promotion run by Terry Golden , based in Memphis , Tennessee . The promotion 's first event was on February 20 , 2000 , and it remained active until mid-2001 . It was employed as a World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) developmental territory , so the roster was made up primarily of wrestlers being groomed for prime time or those that had already been established there but were returning from injury .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9aaaf599bee6e6d6a1f56fed0588833", "text": "Jewels 5th Ring Jewels 5th Ring was a mixed martial arts ( MMA ) event held by MMA promotion Jewels . The event took place on at Shinjuku Face in Kabukicho , Tokyo , Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f885aaa30112804a6fab332f6dd82ce0", "text": "Jack Solomons Jack Solomons OBE ( December 1900 -- 8 December 1979 ) was a British boxing promoter who has been called `` one of the greatest boxing promoters in history '' and `` England 's greatest boxing impresario '' . Solomons was born in Petticoat Lane in the East End of London . He began promoting boxing in London during the 1930s . He took over operations at the Devonshire Club in Hackney , but that club was destroyed in the bombing of 1940 . Later , his base of operations was his gymnasium located at 41 Great Windmill Street in Soho . His first great success came when he put together a match between Jack London and Bruce Woodcock for the British heavyweight title . He was involved in many major British boxing promotions involving Woodcock , Freddie Mills , and Randolph Turpin during those years . He promoted the bout between Turpin and Sugar Ray Robinson when Robinson lost his middleweight world title in 1951 . He was particularly associated with promoting boxing matches at Harringay Arena in north London . In all , he promoted 26 world title fights . He also promoted Henry Cooper 's 1963 bout with Muhammad Ali ( but not their 1966 rematch ) . He was appointed OBE in the 1978 New Year Honours . Solomons died in 1979 and was inducted to the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3621ec42afa1db0287417f5a25334637", "text": "2012 in mixed martial arts events The year 2012 has seen champions retain their belt , new champions crowned and new promotions begin their campaigns . As of March 30 , 2012 , the Ultimate Fighting Championship has held seven events with another fourteen so far reported to be held throughout the rest of the year . Bellator Fighting Championship began its sixth season containing tournaments in five different weight classes . A new Indian promotion , Super Fight League , arrived on the scene in 2012 with seven events scheduled throughout the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f403ded0f6770e7c58a7b5eb9def612", "text": "Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's light heavyweight The men 's light heavyweight boxing competition at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held from 30 July to 12 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre . Twenty-six boxers from 26 nations are competing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d09f9d100ee95eaff2dd3cd48bb89594", "text": "World Fighting Alliance The World Fighting Alliance was a mixed martial arts organization based in the United States . Owned and organized by MMA legend and trainer John Lewis ( Promoter/Match Maker ) and nightclub operator and `` Club Rubber '' promoter John Huntington ( Producer ) along with Lawyer Louis Palazzo ( Investor ) , the WFA began promoting events after the Nevada State Athletic Commission began sanctioning mixed martial arts . The Las Vegas-based promotion , unlike its cross-town rival , the Ultimate Fighting Championship , featured a nightclub environment and a slogan of `` Where the fight club meets the Night Club '' . Sexy and flashy , its events featured several scantily-clad ring girls between rounds and go-go dancers between fights , and plenty of loud music , including guest performers like Ice-T . However , in an incident at Level 3 which seriously harmed the promotion 's reputation , credentialed photographers were ejected by venue security from their areas and were forced to move to where they could not take acceptable pictures . The inconvenience caused by the ejection was substantial , some writers at the event were forced to track down their photographers and leave their beat , while some offended editors decided to yank coverage of the event altogether . While the difficulties of the last event did not seem to deter the promotion and the promoters promised a Level 4 , Lewis and Huntington did not promote another WFA event since , and the promotion was assumed to be defunct . After a rise of interest in mixed martial arts in the United States in 2005 , the WFA reemerged with new ownership and began an aggressive program to establish itself as a new major mixed martial arts promotion . The owners , Ross Goodman and Louis Palazzo , both attorneys from Las Vegas , began by signing contracts with several of the biggest free agents on the market , including former UFC middleweight contender and Olympic silver medalist Matt Lindland , PRIDE middleweight contender Quinton Jackson , retired UFC and Pancrase champion Bas Rutten , former top-ranked Bantamweight fighter Urijah Faber , and former UFC Heavyweight Champion Ricco Rodriguez . In their recruitment efforts , they also came close to signing Tito Ortiz before he was enticed by an offer from the UFC . The fruits of their acquisitions culminated in WFA : King of the Streets on July 22 , 2006 , a pay-per-view broadcast event at the Forum in Inglewood , California . The card was headed by a main event of Quinton Jackson vs. Matt Lindland , Jackson 's first fight on American soil since becoming a headliner in PRIDE , and featured famed boxing broadcaster Barry Tompkins and wrestling star Bill Goldberg at the announce desk . Despite heavy expectations and an aggressive marketing campaign , including a pre-event special broadcast on Showtime , the event only attracted a crowd of over 5,000 , with only 2,300 tickets sold . Pay-per-view buys were also low , reportedly under 50,000 . Despite the disappointing numbers , and rumors of financial troubles , the WFA announced their next event , WFA : King of the Streets II at Aladdin Resort and Casino in Las Vegas , Nevada scheduled for December 9 , 2006 . However , the event was then postponed until early 2007 for undisclosed reasons . On November 15 , 2006 , the WFA 's CEO , Jeremy Lappen , sued the WFA and its owners for breach of contract , claiming he has not been paid since June 2006 , a few weeks before King of the Streets . Finally on December 11 , 2006 , Zuffa , the parent company of rival promotion UFC , announced it had acquired select assets of the WFA , including the contracts of WFA fighters . The WFA afterward ceased operations per the sale agreement . The WFA brand was revived in THQ 's video game UFC Undisputed 2010 , an update to their wildly popular multi-platform MMA video game UFC 2009 Undisputed . In the game 's career mode , which mimics that of an actual MMA fighter , players start off in the WFA and after a certain amount of success are invited to the UFC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3169333e9b1bd23780b5586dbda67388", "text": "Jewels 4th Ring Jewels 4th Ring was a mixed martial arts ( MMA ) event hosted by promotion Jewels . The event took place on at Shin-Kiba 1st Ring in Koto , Tokyo , Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bde26ab9ac6348156d6c4335d2bd61a5", "text": "James Thompson (fighter) James Thompson ( born 16 December 1978 ) is an English professional mixed martial artist who competes in the Heavyweight division . A professional competitor since 2003 , Thompson has also formerly competed for PRIDE FC , Bellator MMA , Cage Rage , EliteXC , Sengoku , DREAM , KSW , Rizin , and the SFL .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca2ae3eed4dd09b915c9b5d3271038d9", "text": "London Shootfighters London Shootfighters mixed martial arts ( MMA ) gym and fight team based in London , and founded in 1997 by Alexis Demetriades and Paul Ivens .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9296132cd4b333a20c46d88c025257e9	American Horror Story: Hotel is a season of an FX romance serialized radio series.	[ { "docid": "4efee91b4c182b8f8a8211960ae7e156", "text": "American Horror Story: Hotel American Horror Story : Hotel is the fifth season of the FX horror anthology television series American Horror Story . It premiered on October 7 , 2015 , and concluded January 13 , 2016 . The series was renewed in October 2014 , with the subtitle Hotel being announced in February 2015 . Hotel marks the first season to not feature series mainstays Jessica Lange and Frances Conroy . Returning cast from previous seasons of the series include : Evan Peters , Sarah Paulson , Denis O'Hare , Lily Rabe , Kathy Bates , Angela Bassett , Chloë Sevigny , Finn Wittrock , Wes Bentley , Gabourey Sidibe , Mare Winningham , Matt Bomer , Christine Estabrook , Matt Ross , John Carroll Lynch , and Anthony Ruivivar , along with new cast members Lady Gaga and Cheyenne Jackson . Breaking from the anthological format , like Freak Show , the season is interconnected to the first and third seasons , and features an appearance by the Murder House , its original owner Dr. Charles Montgomery ( Ross ) , its realtor Marcy ( Estabrook ) , and the psychic Billie Dean Howard ( Paulson ) , as well as the appearance of the witch Queenie ( Sidibe ) . The plot centers around the enigmatic Hotel Cortez in Los Angeles , California , that catches the eye of an intrepid homicide detective ( Bentley ) . The Cortez is host to the strange and bizarre , spearheaded by its owner , The Countess ( Gaga ) , who is a bloodsucking fashionista . The hotel is loosely based on an actual hotel built in 1893 by H. H. Holmes in Chicago , Il . for the 1893 World 's Columbian Exposition . It became known as the ` Murder Castle ' as it was built for Holmes to torture , murder , and dispose of evidence just as is the Cortez . This season features two murderous threats in the form of the Ten Commandments Killer , a serial offender who selects his victims in accordance with biblical teachings , and `` the Addiction Demon '' , who roams the hotel armed with a drill bit dildo . According to creators Brad Falchuk and Ryan Murphy , thematically , Hotel is much darker than previous seasons . Inspiration came from old hotel horror films and actual hotels situated in downtown Los Angeles with a reputation for sinister events , including the Cecil . The cycle also marks a return to filming in Los Angeles , where the first two seasons were shot . Hotel features one of the most expansive sets in American Horror Story history , with production designer Mark Worthington building two stories on a soundstage , along with a working elevator and stairway . In July 2015 , FX launched a marketing campaign for the series , with most trailers and teasers touting Gaga 's involvement . Although Hotel was originally reported to consist of thirteen episodes ( à la Asylum , Coven , and Freak Show ) , that number was later revised to twelve ( à la Murder House ) . The season garnered a total of eight Emmy Award nominations , including two acting nominations for Paulson and Bates . It was the first time , however , that a season of American Horror Story was not nominated for Outstanding Limited Series . In addition , Gaga won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Mini-Series or Television Film while Hotel received a nomination for Best Mini-Series or Television Film .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e7d62d6ddead7284645db5a3eb2e37b6", "text": "Crystal Liu Crystal Liu is an American television writer . She is well known for her work on FXs American Horror Story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65718582f62dd18f1c2a561a825bc88e", "text": "Human Radio Human Radio is an American rock band originally from Memphis , Tennessee . The group was formed in late 1988 by lead singer Ross Rice , and in 1990 they released a self-titled LP on Columbia Records . The single `` Me and Elvis '' was a hit in the US , reaching # 32 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . The band did a club tour of the U.S. , plus a residency in New England , before closing with a SRO show at The Lone Star Roadhouse in NYC . When the subsequent release of the second single was cancelled , the departure of the band from Columbia was inevitable . After moving to Nashville , the group broke with Columbia and recorded demos while searching for a new label . After two more years of touring -- mostly in the Southeast US -- with an unreleased second record , the band called it quits in 1992 . To honor their Memphis roots and fans , Human Radio played a farewell show at The South End in Memphis , the bar where they got their start . Rice went on to record a solo album called Umpteen in 1997 . Steve Arnold later went on to tour as bass guitarist with Marty Stuart and Travis Tritt on their `` Double Trouble '' tour . More recently , the group 's Facebook page indicated that they had been `` in a room trying to find brand new music together . '' An October 4th , 2013 entry read , in part : `` Good week in Nashville with Human Radio , getting solid with what we have already , finding some new things in combustion mode . Moving slowly towards an inevitable future . '' On May 9th , 2015 the band played a well-received reunion gig at The Basement in Nashville . A successful Indiegogo campaign later in 2015 resulted in the independent production of Samsara ( Human Radio Records , 2016 ) with all new material written and performed by all original members of the band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c957df4756a2ec0c6cd126ab65c3494d", "text": "Hotel Imperial (1939 film) Hotel Imperial is a 1939 American dramatic film directed by Robert Florey . It stars Isa Miranda and Ray Milland . The plot follows a 1917 play by the Hungarian writer Lajos Bíró : in the waning days of World War I , on the Russian-Austrian frontier , a young woman looking to avenge the suicide of her sister poses as a chambermaid in the Hotel Imperial . A Hungarian silent film was released in 1918 , and an American version starring Pola Negri in 1927 . The history of this production began in 1936 , with Marlene Dietrich and Charles Boyer in the lead roles , but Dietrich clashed repeatedly with director Henry Hathaway . Filming resumed with Margaret Sullavan , who broke her arm , necessitating yet another cast change . Four years after the release of this version , Five Graves to Cairo ( 1943 ) moved the setting ahead to World War II and featured Franchot Tone and Ann Baxter . Milland had a near-fatal accident on the set . One scene called for him to lead a cavalry charge through a small village . Milland insisted upon doing this scene himself , but as he was making a scripted jump on the horse , his saddle came loose , sending him flying straight into a pile of broken masonry . Knocked unconscious for 24 hours , he was laid up in the hospital for weeks with multiple fractures and lacerations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03dc8e1759d68c3a3d589849d22dd62c", "text": "At the Hotel At the Hotel is a Canadian drama-comedy-musical mini-series concerning the goings-on at an illustrious Montreal hotel , known for its favourable treatment of struggling artists . Created by Ken Finkleman and produced by One Hundred Percent Television , the series aired on CBC Television in 2006 . The music is composed by Robert Carli . This is the only Ken Finkleman production in which he did not cast himself as a character . He does however make a very brief on-screen appearance as a member of the crew shooting a music video in the hotel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "180dbae429cabef1735fc7c5f34b41ac", "text": "Deadtime Stories (TV series) Deadtime Stories is an American anthology horror-fantasy television series written by Annette Cascone and based on the book series of the same title ( created by Annette and Gina Cascone ) that aired from November 2 , 2012 to December 5 , 2013 on Nickelodeon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "900194fffb77767792d39fdd39c71bf9", "text": "Alfred Hitchcock Presents Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series hosted and executive produced by Alfred Hitchcock , which aired on CBS and NBC between 1955 and 1965 . It featured dramas , thrillers , and mysteries . By the time it premiered on October 2 , 1955 , Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades . Time magazine named it one of `` The 100 Best TV Shows of all time '' . The Writers Guild of America ranked it # 79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series tying it with Monty Python 's Flying Circus , Star Trek : The Next Generation and Upstairs , Downstairs . A series of literary anthologies with the running title Alfred Hitchcock Presents were issued to capitalize on the success of the television series . One volume , devoted to stories that censors would n't allow to be adapted for broadcast , was entitled Alfred Hitchcock Presents : Stories They Would n't Let Me Do on TV '' -- though eventually several of the stories collected were adapted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8da8267e9f8fca652e931f1853ab92a", "text": "North Shore (TV series) North Shore is an American prime-time soap opera that aired on Fox every Monday at 8 p.m. EST ( 7 p.m. CST ) for seven months in 2004 and 2005 . It centered on the staff and guests of the fictional Grand Waimea Hotel and Resort ( actually the real-life Turtle Bay Resort located near Kahuku , O'ahu ) on Oahu 's North Shore in Hawaii . From Fox 's website : Intrigue abounds at the Grand Waimea Hotel , an exclusive Hawaiian escape for the wealthy , powerful and beautiful . Hawaiian native Jason Matthews runs the hotel and makes sure every guest gets everything they need . But when former flame Nicole Booth arrives as the hotel 's new Director of Guest Relations , Jason 's world is turned upside down . But Grand Waimea owner , Vincent Colville , is staying on top of him to make sure his past with Nicole wo n't affect their work life . North Shore premiered on June 14 , 2004 , with a 13-episode commitment from Fox . The show was canceled in January 2005 after a 21-episode , single-season run . The show ended on a cliffhanger , and the final episode of the series has only had a single airing , not being shown in most territories ( including America ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d071c6db5d4c8721867aa445cafff29", "text": "Condo hotel A condo hotel , also known as a Condotel , hotel-condo or a Contel , is a building , which is legally a condominium but which is operated as a hotel , offering short term rentals , and which maintains a Front Desk . Condo hotels are typically high-rise buildings developed and operated as luxury hotels , usually in major cities and resorts . These hotels have condominium units which allow someone to own a full-service vacation home . When they are not using this home , they can leverage the marketing and management done by the hotel chain to rent and manage the condo unit as it would any other hotel room .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95c7845bd7aee545a9fb0ab4b1f586fe", "text": "The Sacred Taking `` The Sacred Taking '' is the eighth episode of the third season of the anthology television series American Horror Story , which premiered on December 4 , 2013 , on the cable network FX . The episode was written by Ryan Murphy and directed by Alfonso Gomez-Rejon . In this episode , Fiona ( Jessica Lange ) must take her life in order to undertake a ritual to find the next Supreme . This episode is rated TV-MA ( LV ) . Angela Bassett , Gabourey Sidibe , Danny Huston , and Patti LuPone guest star as Marie Laveau , Queenie , the Axeman , and Joan Ramsey , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e8a81a63e13f1b7cc616f6bf1976ea1", "text": "Audio Diaries Audio Diaries was a short-lived radio program that aired from 1998-2001 . There were 15 half-hour episodes and it was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 . It was written by Kay Stonham and produced by Jane Berthoud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c9eb71aaa0156c1faed1a3c11ad9e59", "text": "Loveline Loveline is a podcast , formerly a syndicated radio call-in program in North America , offering medical and relationship advice to listeners , often with the assistance of guests , typically actors and musicians . Its host through most of its run was Dr. Drew Pinsky , who would be paired with a radio personality . Pinsky left the show in April 2016 . After a hiatus , the show was rebooted as a podcast with Amber Rose as host . Loveline was broadcast live , Sundays through Thursdays at 10pm -- midnight PT ( Mondays through Fridays at 1am -- 3am ET ) . Its flagship station was KROQ-FM in Los Angeles . Syndication was usually on rock , alternative , and adult talk radio stations . Loveline could also be heard online anywhere in the world , by streaming through the websites of affiliate stations . It is currently a weekly show and is available online .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "437f4bb7f171df3746202597cf2b251b", "text": "The Night Shift (TV series) The Night Shift is an American medical drama series that premiered on May 27 , 2014 , on NBC . The series was created by Gabe Sachs and Jeff Judah , and follows the lives of the staff who work the late night shift in the emergency room at San Antonio Memorial Hospital . On May 8 , 2015 , NBC renewed The Night Shift for a third season , which ran from June 1 to August 31 , 2016 . On November 17 , 2016 , NBC renewed the series for a fourth season , which will premiere on June 22 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "412f513f90165db8101c799821db4ddd", "text": "Sonata (Moonlight) `` Sonata '' is the season and series finale of the American paranormal romance television drama Moonlight , which first aired on CBS on May 16 , 2008 in the United States . It was written by Ethan Erwin and Kira Snyder , and directed by Fred Toye . The series revolves around Mick St. John ( Alex O'Loughlin ) , a private investigator who has been a vampire for over fifty years . When a vampire threatens to name all the vampires of Los Angeles , Mick is helped by his girlfriend Beth Turner ( Sophia Myles ) and the rest of the vampires to track her down . Due to the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild of America strike , production of Moonlight halted on December 19 , 2007 , and only twelve episodes of the original thirteen-episode order were made . Once the Writers ' Strike ended , CBS announced that Moonlight would return April 25 , 2008 with four new episodes , to be part of the series ' first season . On May 13 , 2008 , CBS announced that Moonlight was officially canceled . `` Sonata '' was watched by 7.47 million viewers upon its original broadcast , and received generally positive reviews for providing closure of the characters and storylines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddf066fac604b5da08cb5932d16ba1c8", "text": "Black Tie Nights Black Tie Nights was a softcore drama anthology series which aired on Cinemax in the United States from 2004 to 2005 . This anthology show revolved around the adventures of Olivia Hartley and Cooper Snow who ran Black Tie dating service . They were assisted by their geeky sidekick , Ryan Lundy . Each week they would encounter new or returning customers and try to play matchmaker . The first season had two main subplots that continued in each episode . The first was the budding romance between Ryan and Cooper . The second was Olivia getting over the loss of her husband and dating again . In the second season , the show was retooled . The anthology series was renamed Hollywood Sexcapades and the characters of Olivia and Cooper were said to be out of the country opening a new branch . Candi Hicks , a recurring customer in the first season , became the new employee of Black Tie dating service . She and Ryan ( who was no longer nerdish ) partnered to run the company , and the continuing subplot was the budding romance between these two characters . Each week they would continue to try to play matchmaker to that episode 's guest stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00aae141109d392a136d9a1694c99e30", "text": "Midnight at the Casa Luna Midnight at the Casa Luna is a radio drama , produced by the ZBS Foundation . The two parts of the story were released individually in 1998 and 2000 ; part two has the title The Hungry Ghosts . It is the eleventh of the Jack Flanders adventure series , and combines elements of Americana and Old-time radio with metaphysical concepts such as Sufi wisdom and Tibetan Buddhism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e5ba46248f1cfc346148d37dd812a39", "text": "List of Once Upon a Time episodes Once Upon a Time is an American fairy tale drama television series created by Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz , who also serve as executive producers alongside Steve Pearlman . It debuted on ABC on October 23 , 2011 . The first season introduces a bail bond agent , Emma Swan ( Jennifer Morrison ) and her birth-son , Henry Mills ( Jared S. Gilmore ) , who discover that a New England town named Storybrooke , Maine is actually a remnant of a parallel world that was cursed by Henry 's adoptive mother the Evil Queen/Mayor Regina Mills ( Lana Parrilla ) and that all the characters from the fairy tales have no memories of who they were , including the parents of Emma : Snow White/Mary Margaret Blanchard ( Ginnifer Goodwin ) and Prince Charming/David Nolan ( Josh Dallas ) , who sent her to the real world to save their world and break the curse . On May 11 , 2017 , the series was renewed for a seventh season of 22 episodes , which will feature a `` soft '' reboot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ac697c0ecd4727f00d8898ccf61967a", "text": "Open House (American Horror Story) `` Open House '' is the seventh episode of the first season of the television series American Horror Story , which premiered on the network FX on November 16 , 2011 . The episode was written by co-creator and executive producer Brad Falchuk and was directed by Tim Hunter . This episode is rated TV-MA ( LSV ) . In this episode , Violet ( Taissa Farmiga ) is confronted by a revelation , while Vivien ( Connie Britton ) learns she is pregnant with twins . In 2012 , this episode was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Art Direction for a Miniseries or Movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40f480c5860a20a8fda3a7c5be3c6957", "text": "Banter (radio show) Banter is a radio programme that is broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in the UK , starring Andrew Collins and Richard Herring . The pilot and the first 2 series were broadcast from August 2005 to November 2006 , and a third series was broadcast in April and May 2008 . There have been 19 half-hour episodes so far . The programme normally takes the form of invited guests naming their `` top threes '' in a given category . The series was devised by Tim Barber and is produced for Radio 4 by Avalon . A pilot for a television version under the name of `` Rule Of 3 '' was recorded in October 2011 with Rebecca Front as host and team captains Russell Howard and Chris Addison .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c89c81245657c889bc8f9140dce8782", "text": "Lodge 49 Lodge 49 is an upcoming American drama television series . AMC set a straight-to-series order of 10 episodes on October 5 , 2016 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
cde00b79f600b09c0b70a971f11a9b98	Lonesome Dove (miniseries) was nominated for eighteen Emmys in 1989 and won seven.	[ { "docid": "e533652d6976733edd4b9502619f7ae3", "text": "Lonesome Dove (miniseries) Lonesome Dove is an American epic Western adventure television miniseries directed by Simon Wincer . It is a four-part adaptation of the 1985 novel of the same name by Larry McMurtry and is the first installment in the Lonesome Dove series . The series stars Robert Duvall and Tommy Lee Jones . The series was originally broadcast by CBS from February 5 to 8 , 1989 , drawing a huge viewing audience , earning numerous awards , and reviving both the television western and the miniseries . An estimated 26 million homes tuned in to watch Lonesome Dove , unusually high numbers for a Western at that time . The western genre was considered dead by most people , as was the miniseries . By the show 's end , it had earned huge ratings and virtually revamped the entire 1989 -- 1990 television season . A favorite with audiences , as well as critics , Lonesome Dove garnered many honors and awards . At the 1989 Emmy Awards , the miniseries had 18 nominations and seven wins , including one for director Simon Wincer . Lonesome Dove also won two Golden Globes , for Best Miniseries and Best Actor in a Miniseries ( Robert Duvall ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5a811888a7c431f8479828e48a86816f", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series . This award and Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series replaced Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Series in 2003 . As of 2015 , no show has won this award more than once except for The Office , which has won twice ( 2007 and 2013 ) . In the following list , the first titles listed in gold and bold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place : __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c9804c942a19a368f3c378e477ab410", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series This is a list of the winners and nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "487cee946e016723e5a6af07d7e1b38d", "text": "Top of the Hill Top of the Hill is a political drama series aired by CBS as part of its 1989 fall lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "728512718a216fbef71cfdbd35470847", "text": "30th Primetime Emmy Awards The 30th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on September 17 , 1978 . The ceremony was broadcast on CBS , from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium , Pasadena , California . The top shows of the night were All in the Family which won its then record fourth Emmy for Outstanding Comedy Series , and The Rockford Files . CBS continued its streak of dominance by winning its eighth straight Emmy for Outstanding Comedy Series , this record still stands . Actor Will Geer received three posthumous acting nominations for three different performances , but lost in each category . For the first time in Emmy history , two shows won six major awards , All in the Family became the first show to win six major awards twice , and the miniseries Holocaust tied the record for most wins by a miniseries set the previous year by Roots . This ceremony was interrupted for thirty minutes by a nationally televised address by then-President Jimmy Carter , joined by then-Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin and then-Egyptian president Anwar Sadat in which President Carter announced the signing of the Camp David Accords . Rita Moreno 's win made her the third person to become an EGOT .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4871db73207c4868397fc15773635b5", "text": "Dead Man's Walk (miniseries) Dead Man 's Walk is an American epic Western adventure television miniseries starring David Arquette as Augustus McCrae and Jonny Lee Miller as Woodrow F. Call . It was directed by Yves Simoneau . It is a two-part adaptation of the 1995 novel of the same name by Larry McMurtry and is chronologically the third book of the Lonesome Dove series , but regarded as the first events in the Lonesome Dove franchise . In this prequel to Lonesome Dove , it is 1840s Texas , and two young men join the Texas Rangers unit that 's on a mission to annex Santa Fe . The series was originally broadcast by ABC over two nights in May 1996 , and was later nominated for several awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14fdb2b2ff9374372c5b351ee1f2fb5d", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series . In early Primetime Emmy Award ceremonies , the supporting categories were not always genre , or even gender , specific . Beginning with the 22nd Primetime Emmy Awards , supporting actors in comedy have competed alone . However , these comedic performances often included actors from miniseries , telefilms , and guest performers competing against main cast competitors . Such instances are marked below : # -- Indicates a performance in a Miniseries or Television film , prior to the category 's creation . § -- Indicates a performance as a guest performer , prior to the category 's creation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de618f64d3c06a7157a7ddc9cf31e1b0", "text": "9th Primetime Emmy Awards The 9th Emmy Awards , later referred to as the 9th Primetime Emmy Awards , were held on March 16 , 1957 to honor the best in television of the year . The ceremony was held at the NBC Studios in Burbank , California . Desi Arnaz hosted the event . All nominations are listed , with winners in bold and series ' networks are in parentheses . Categories were sorted based on running time , instead of by genre . The top shows of the night were Caesar 's Hour and Playhouse 90 . Each show won a then-record five major awards , ( however , two of Playhouse 90 's wins came in now defunct categories ) . Caesar 's Hour became the first show to be nominated in all four major acting categories . Caesar 's Hour also made history when it swept the four acting categories . After over fifty years , it remains the only comedy or drama series to win every major acting award . In 2004 , the miniseries Angels in America became the second show , and first miniseries/television movie , to sweep the acting field .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa2e0044057d192f3fee925d9d8d659b", "text": "Juno Awards of 1989 The Juno Awards of 1989 , representing Canadian music industry achievements of the previous year , were awarded on 12 March 1989 in Toronto at a ceremony in the O'Keefe Centre . André-Philippe Gagnon was the host for the ceremonies , which were broadcast on CBC Television . Blue Rodeo won in three of its five nominations : Best Group , Best Single and Best Video . k.d. lang and Robbie Robertson were also notable winners in 1989 . The previous Juno Awards ceremonies were conducted on 2 November 1987 . There was no awards event in 1988 due to a decision to restore the Juno scheduling to the earlier portion of each year . The awards had been conducted early each year from its 1970 inception until 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92485f630159acf36899c8abade1c6b3", "text": "17th Daytime Emmy Awards The 17th Daytime Emmy Awards were held on June 28 , 1990 , on ABC , to commemorate excellence in American daytime programming from the previous year ( 1989 ) . The event aired from 3-5 ( Eastern time ) live from the Marriott Marquis Hotel in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "574b707fd36c1d91314092f0440c4bd4", "text": "David Chase David Chase ( born August 22 , 1945 ) is an American writer , director and television producer . Chase has worked in television for 40 years ; he has produced and written for such shows as The Rockford Files , I 'll Fly Away , and Northern Exposure . He has created two original series ; the first , Almost Grown , aired for 10 episodes in 1988 and 1989 . Chase is best known for his second original series , the influential and critically acclaimed HBO drama The Sopranos , which aired for six seasons between 1999 and 2007 . A prominent figure in American television , Chase has won seven Emmy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c11e704660c17a6225d299c8491a4b03", "text": "Blue Skies (1988 TV series) Blue Skies is an American drama that aired from June 13 until August 1 , 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec54003ec1560f2ed2127d4cbbdea75c", "text": "14th GMA Dove Awards The 14th Annual GMA Dove Awards were held on 1983 recognizing accomplishments of musicians for the year 1982 . The show was held in Nashville , Tennessee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6f11e212ed35ec7f1fa541c1706cb87", "text": "24th Primetime Emmy Awards The 24th Emmy Awards , later known as the 24th Primetime Emmy Awards , were handed out on May 6 , 1972 . The ceremony was hosted by Johnny Carson . Winners are listed in bold and series ' networks are in parentheses . The top shows of the night were All in the Family and Elizabeth R. All in the Family set numerous records during the night , it became the first show to win six major awards , ( although one came in a tie , this record would be broken by other shows that won six major awards outright ) . It also became the first non-anthology drama to receive at least ten major nominations . A milestone was set when All in the Family and Columbo each received every nomination in a major category , both for writing . This feat has become extremely rare as the field of nominees expanded to five and later six . Glenda Jackson also made history by receiving three acting nominations for the same performance as Queen Elizabeth I in Elizabeth R , rules changes have made this impossible in later ceremonies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72c669b845dc45282329b6c31af3af07", "text": "New York Emmy Awards The New York Emmy Awards are a division of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences honoring those in television and advanced media in the tri-state New York-New Jersey-Connecticut and New York State . The division was founded in 1955 and in addition to granting the New York Emmy Awards , the chapter also recognizes awards scholarships , honors industry veterans at the Silver Circle Celebration , has a free research and a nationwide job bank . The chapter also participates in judging Emmy entries at the regional and national levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d11152d122e2bfab5756249659d19f87", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Picture Editing for a Nonfiction Program The Primetime Emmy Award for Picture Editing for a Nonfiction Program is awarded to one television documentary or nonfiction series each year . Prior to 2006 , nonfiction and reality programs competed together until the Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming category was created . In the following list , the first titles listed in gold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02e05587884533a746dee9936ef1b41c", "text": "The Eighties (miniseries) The Eighties is a documentary miniseries which premiered on CNN on March 31 , 2016 . Produced by Tom Hanks and Gary Goetzman 's studio Playtone , it serves as a follow-up to the predecessors The Sixties , and The Seventies with a 7-part series chronicling events and popular culture of the United States during the 1980s . In May 2016 , CNN greenlit an 8-part follow-up titled The Nineties .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1dd94791ef7f94eed19cbc144551ebc", "text": "Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series The Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series is an award presented annually by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences ( NATAS ) and Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( ATAS ) . It is given to honor an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the daytime drama industry . The 1st Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held in 1974 with Elizabeth Hubbard receiving the award for her role as Althea Davis on The Doctors . The award has undergone several name changes , originally honoring actresses in leading and supporting roles . Following the introduction of a new category in 1979 , Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series , the award 's name was altered to Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series before changing once again , to its current title , years later . The awards ceremony was not aired on television in 1983 and 1984 , having been criticized for voting integrity . In 1985 , another category was introduced , Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series , one criterion for this category was altered , requiring all actresses to be aged 26 or above . Since its inception , the award has been given to 27 actresses . One Life to Live is the show with the most awarded actresses , with a total of eleven . In 1995 , Erika Slezak became the actress with the most wins in the category when she won a fourth time , surpassing Helen Gallagher 's previous record of three ; Slezak went on to win in two additional years , ultimately receiving six wins . Susan Flannery and Kim Zimmer have since received four wins each . Susan Lucci has been nominated on 21 occasions , more than any other actress . As of the 2017 ceremony , Gina Tognoni is the most recent winner in this category for her portrayal of Phyllis Summers on The Young and the Restless .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb51e12ce9d8752aa5791d7388c11f8c", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Cheers Cheers is an American situation comedy . It has won and been nominated for a variety of different awards , including 13 Emmy Award nominations for its first season alone , the most nominations a comedy series had ever received at that time . The show went on to receive a total of 179 Primetime Emmy nominations , winning a total of 28 over the course of its eleven seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55bb02ada04d62b0c0acac27ab14fe77", "text": "Paddy Chayefsky Sidney Aaron `` Paddy '' Chayefsky ( January 29 , 1923 -- August 1 , 1981 ) was an American playwright , screenwriter and novelist . He is the only person to have won three solo Academy Awards for Best Screenplay ( the other three-time winners , Francis Ford Coppola , Charles Brackett , Woody Allen and Billy Wilder , have all shared their awards with co-writers ) . He was considered one of the most renowned dramatists of the so-called Golden Age of Television . His intimate , realistic scripts provided a naturalistic style of television drama for the 1950s , and he was regarded as the central figure in the `` kitchen sink realism '' movement of American television . Martin Gottfried wrote in All His Jazz that Chayefsky `` was a successful writer , the most successful graduate of television 's slice of life school of naturalism . '' Following his critically acclaimed teleplays , Chayefsky continued to succeed as a playwright and novelist . As a screenwriter , he received three Academy Awards for Marty ( 1955 ) , The Hospital ( 1971 ) and Network ( 1976 ) . The movie Marty was based on his own television drama about two lonely people finding love . Network was his scathing satire of the television industry and The Hospital was also satiric . Film historian David Thomson called The Hospital `` years ahead of its time . -LSB- ... -RSB- Few films capture the disaster of America 's self-destructive idealism so well . '' His screenplay for Network is often regarded as his masterpiece , and has been hailed as `` the kind of literate , darkly funny and breathtakingly prescient material that prompts many to claim it as the greatest screenplay of the 20th century . '' Chayefsky 's early stories were frequently influenced by the author 's childhood in The Bronx . Chayefsky was part of the inaugural class of inductees into the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ' Television Hall of Fame . He received this honor three years after his death , in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bd8af40bad9af60b6e40673b746a063", "text": "Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) . Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president . Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially . The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn . In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 . Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician . The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years . In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
197359c644a1a53939a3a5b3d88ee9c5	Avatar: The Last Airbender's antagonist is Aang.	[ { "docid": "613be980d4eab591c607cc476f02e914", "text": "Avatar: The Last Airbender Avatar : The Last Airbender ( Avatar : The Legend of Aang in some regions ) is an American animated television series that aired for three seasons ( referred to as `` books '' in each episode 's title card ) on Nickelodeon from 2005 to 2008 . Avatar : The Last Airbender is set in an Asiatic-like world in which some people are able to manipulate the classical elements by use of psychokinetic variants of Chinese martial arts , known as `` bending '' . The show combines the styles of anime and American cartoons , and relies on the imagery of various East Asian , Inuit , Southeast Asian , South Asian , and New World societies . Therefore , whether or not the series can be considered as an anime work is often discussed . The series follows the adventures of protagonist twelve-year-old Aang and his friends , who must bring peace and unity to the world by ending the Fire Lord 's war against the other three nations . The pilot episode first aired on February 21 , 2005 , and the series concluded with a widely praised two-hour episode on July 19 , 2008 . The show is obtainable from various sources , including DVD , the iTunes Store , the Zune Marketplace , the Xbox Live Marketplace , the PlayStation Store , Netflix , Amazon Video , and the Nicktoons Network . Throughout its run , Avatar : The Last Airbender was universally acclaimed by audiences and critics alike . Praises went to the art direction , humor , cultural references , characters , and themes . It was also commercially successful , garnering 5.6 million viewers on its best-rated showing and receiving high ratings in the Nicktoons lineup , even outside of its 6 - to 11-year-old demographic . The series has been nominated for and won awards from the Annie Awards , the Genesis Awards , a Primetime Emmy Award and a Peabody Award , among others . The first season 's success prompted Nickelodeon to order second and third seasons . In other media , the series has spawned a critically panned , but financially successful , live-action film , titled The Last Airbender , directed by M. Night Shyamalan ; scaled action figures ; a trading card game ; three video games ; stuffed animals distributed by Paramount Parks and two Lego sets . An art book was also released in mid-2010 . A sequel series , The Legend of Korra , aired from 2012 to 2014 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "45cca4f2ca741aa9586b00163ae81265", "text": "The NeverEnding Story (film) The NeverEnding Story is a 1984 American epic fantasy film based on the novel of the same name by Michael Ende , about a boy who reads a magical book that tells a story of a young warrior whose task is to stop a dark storm called the Nothing from engulfing a fantasy world . The film was produced by Bernd Eichinger and Dieter Giessler and directed and co-written by Wolfgang Petersen ( his first English-language film ) and starred Noah Hathaway , Barret Oliver , Tami Stronach , Patricia Hayes , Sydney Bromley , Gerald McRaney , Moses Gunn , and Alan Oppenheimer as the voices of both Falkor and Gmork ( as well as other characters ) . At the time of its release , it was the most expensive film produced outside the United States or the Soviet Union . The film was the first in The NeverEnding Story film series and later followed by two sequels . Ende felt that this adaptation 's content deviated so far from the spirit of his book that he requested that production either be halted or the film 's title be changed ; when the producers did neither , he sued them and subsequently lost the case . Ende called the film a `` gigantic melodrama of kitsch , commerce , plush and plastic '' -LSB- Ein `` gigantisches Melodram aus Kitsch , Kommerz , Plüsch und Plastik '' -RSB- . The film only adapts the first half of the book , and consequently does not convey the message of the title as it was portrayed in the novel . The second half of the book would subsequently be used as the rough basis for the second film , The Next Chapter . The third film , Escape from Fantasia , features a completely original plot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be51bb06c6b36891a33f7e80baf8876a", "text": "Avatar Airbender Avatar Airbender is an Intamin roller coaster themed after the TV series Avatar : The Last Airbender located at Nickelodeon Universe in the Mall of America in Bloomington , Minnesota . Avatar is a halfpipe roller coaster that goes up to 70 ft to the top and back tower while spinning the riders . It reaches the top of both spikes about twelve times during each ride . Located at the center of Nickelodeon Universe , it provides a focal point for the entire park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9de4d961b1c2cbf71445b28c2f4ec8c", "text": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (comics) The Avatar : The Last Airbender comics are a continuation of the original Nickelodeon animated television series , Avatar : The Last Airbender , created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko . There is also a continuation of The Legend of Korra in comic form .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d7097f965afba1dd261843b34d19e31", "text": "Bakbakan International Bakbakan International is a martial arts association headquartered in Manila , Philippines and founded by Christopher Ricketts . It has chapters in Australia , Canada , and the United States . It also promoted the Masters of Arnis tour in Australia that featured Christopher Ricketts , Antonio Diego , Edgar Sulite , and Rey Galang . The school teaches the following methods : Kali Ilustrisimo , which was developed by Antonio `` Tatang '' Ilustrisimo . The Tulisan Knife-Fighting System , which works as an offshoot of Kali Ilustrisimo and is based on technique rather than drill . The Sinawali Fighting System , which emphasizes ambidexterity and weapon mastery . Lameco Eskrima , developed by Edgar Sulite . The Sagasa Kickboxing System , which develops coordination , power , and reflexes . The Hagibis Combat System of close-quarter combat , which primarily emphasizes grappling , throwing , and tripping as means of disabling individual opponents where multiple opponents exist . Ngo Cho Kun ( Wuzuquan ) Kung Fu , which emphasizes power , stamina , and concentration . Its notable members are Tony Diego , Edgar Sulite , Alexander Co , Christopher Ricketts , Rey Galang , Dodong Sta . Iglesia , Miguel Zubiri , Doran Sordo , Ding Binay , Ronnie Ricketts , Rolly Maximo , Ramon Tulfo , Rey Dizer , Edgar Aristorenas , and Leonard A. Anderson . The organization or its senior members have been featured in or written the following published works : September 1997 issue of Exotic Martial Arts of Southeast Asia Filipino Martial Culture by Mark V. Wiley Five Ancestor Fist Kung Fu by Alexander Co Premiere Issue of Martial Arts Illustrated . Masters of the Blade by Reynaldo S. Galang Warrior Arts of the Philippines by Reynaldo S. Galang Classic ARNIS - The Legacy of Placido Yambao by Reynaldo S. Galang Complete Sinawali Filipino Double Weapon Fighting by Reynaldo S. Galang", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f6c24ae89f2bcb82390b9b67e1ad503", "text": "List of Final Fantasy media Final Fantasy is a series of role-playing video games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . Its first game premiered in Japan in 1987 , and Final Fantasy games have subsequently been localized for markets in North America , Europe and Australia , on nearly every video game console since its debut on the Nintendo Entertainment System . Final Fantasy is Square Enix 's most successful franchise , having sold over 97 million units worldwide to date . In addition to traditional role-playing games , the series includes tactical role-playing games , portable games , massively multiplayer online role-playing games , and games for mobile phones . Its popularity has placed it as the sixth-best-selling video game franchise , and the series has won multiple awards over the years . In addition to the 15 games released as part of the main ( numbered ) series and their many spin-offs and related titles , the Final Fantasy series has spawned many works in other media including anime , movies , novels and manga , and radio dramas . Final Fantasy : Unlimited , originally a stand-alone anime series , now has its own sub-franchise which includes video games . Many games , particularly the main series , have soundtrack album releases featuring their music in different arrangements . Square Enix has also consistently released companion books for its games which provide additional backstory and plot information , as well as detailed walkthroughs for the game . Since the announcement of Compilation of Final Fantasy VII , Square Enix has focused on `` polymorphic content '' , expanding each game world with material on many video game platforms , as well as other forms of media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67e20e1ff26fc498bbbcb417cb630f86", "text": "Bahniman Bahniman is a 2016 Assamese language drama film directed by Biswajeet Bora . Filmmaker Biswajeet Bora had long wanted to make a movie that transcends the rigidity of commercial cinema with something unusual and unique from the point of view of story and treatment . His highly engaging Aisa Yeh Jahaan created cinematic history when it became the country 's first carbon-neutral film . Its subject has a humanity that connected deeply to the audiences across the country , which makes film enthusiasts and fans , especially in Assam , all the more curious to see what Biswajeet has up his sleeve in his new project.But belying expectations , the Mumbai-based filmmaker , out to prove a point or two , returns with a lot of fire power in his belly to direct a full-fledged entertainer titled ` Bahniman ' . He has been quite keen to explore some new ideas in a commercial venture for some time now . This big-budget Assamese movie , produced by Barnali Hazarika under the banner of Santoshi Maa Production , is presently drawing a lot of media attention , and not without reason . Its shooting progressing at a hurried pace in various locations , Biswajeet Bora 's film is going to be a refreshing spin on the action genre , quite unlike anything seen here . He has got the technical expertise and acumen , having spent years in Mumbai , India 's entertainment hub , where he was fortunate enough to observe a lot of well-known filmmakers at work , including the renowned Jahnu Barua , whom he also assisted for close to six years . He has left nothing to chance here . All the technical aspects are being looked after and executed with a lot of precision and planning.The story of the film revolves around three childhood friends , lost to their own fates , only to re-emerge as fierce rivals . But soon they reunite to fight for the cause of their city which is controlled by mafia kingpin Kanu Sharma . Its about friendship , lost love and revenge.There 's no greater satisfaction to a filmmaker than being on a movie set , getting to work with talented people -- actors , actresses and the technicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7478e1b8ddc51d30a3bad9f8c45ea85e", "text": "Raiden (Mortal Kombat) Raiden ( also known as Lord Raiden , and sometimes spelled Rayden ) is a video game character in the Mortal Kombat fighting game series by Midway Games . Making his official debut as one of the original seven playable characters in 1992 's Mortal Kombat , he is one of the central characters of the franchise . Based on the Japanese thunder god Raijin , and portrayed in the series canon as the thunder god and appointed protector of Earth , Raiden defends the planet from myriad otherworldly threats alongside his handpicked warriors . He commands many supernatural abilities such as teleportation , flight , and control of the elements . A mainstay of the Mortal Kombat cast , Raiden is one of the series ' most recognizable characters . He has appeared as a playable character in every fighting installment with the exception of Mortal Kombat 3 and its upgrade , and was among the eleven characters to represent the franchise in the crossover title Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe . He has featured extensively in other Mortal Kombat media such as the two feature films , the animated series Mortal Kombat : Defenders of the Realm , the television series Mortal Kombat : Konquest , and the Mortal Kombat : Legacy web series , in addition to appearing on official series merchandise . General and critical reception to the character in regards to his design and gameplay has been positive , but mixed in terms of his alternate-media appearances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7107cedde95879cfb1141495f435711c", "text": "List of Freezing chapters Freezing is a Japanese manga series written by Dall-Young Lim and illustrated by Kwang-Hyun Kim . The series revolves around an extraterrestrial force called the Nova that are invading Earth , and genetically engineered girls called Pandoras and their male partners called Limiters are created to combat them . The story centers on Kazuya Aoi , a Limiter whose late sister was a Pandora , and Satellizer el Bridget , a Pandora with a cold personality who is known as the `` Untouchable Queen '' for her intense fear of being touched . Both are enrolled at West Genetics Academy , which is a special school that is part of a series of academies that trains Pandoras and Limiters alike to fight against the Nova . Freezing started serialization in Kill Time Communication 's seinen manga magazine Comic Valkyrie in its March 2007 issue , published on January 27 , 2007 . The first tankōbon was released in October 26 , 2007 , with a total of twenty-five volumes sold in Japan as of October 25 , 2014 under its Valkryie Comics imprint . Freezing is currently split into two parts : Part 1 which ran from Volume 1 to Volume 14 , spanning 96 chapters ; and Part 2 , going from Volume 15 onwards and currently ongoing in Comic Valkyrie . A spinoff manga , called , illustrated by Jae-Ho Yoon ( the illustrator of Lim 's light novel-based manhwa The Phantom King ) , began serialization in the November 2011 issue of Comic Valkyrie ( released on September 27 , 2011 ) , and ran four chapters until the March 2011 issue ( released January 27 , 2012 ) . A prequel to the original series , the story centers on Chiffon Fairchild and Ticy Phenyl 's first year at West Genetics prior to them becoming Student Council President and Vice President , and also explains the origin of Chiffon 's title , `` The Unmatched Smiling Monster '' . First Chronicle was later released as a tankōbon volume on February 29 , 2012 . A second spinoff manga , called , illustrated by Soo-Cheol Jeong ( the illustrator of Lim 's novel-based manhwa The Legend of Maian ) , began serialization in the May 2012 issue of Comic Valkyrie ( published on March 27 , 2012 ) . Like First Chronicle before it , Zero is also a prequel to the original series , chronicling the back stories of many Pandoras prior to them attending Genetics . The first bound volume of Zero was released on August 29 , 2012 . A third spinoff , called , began serialization in the April 2013 issue of Comic Valkyrie . Outside Japan , Freezing is published in South Korea by Haksan Culture Company , where it is serialized in Booking ; in France by Bamboo Edition under their Doki-Doki manga imprint ; and in Taiwan by Tong Li Publishing . A 12-episode anime adaptation by A.C.G.T. aired in Japan between January and April 2011 on AT-X and other channels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "736706b9b70769e015cecd61e8a7b180", "text": "Star Wars Episode I: Obi-Wan's Adventures Star Wars Episode I : Obi-Wan 's Adventures is a video game that chronicles the events of the film Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace from the character Obi-Wan Kenobi 's perspective . It is the result of an agreement made in 2000 between the two video game publishers LucasArts and THQ . The agreement allows THQ to turn LucasArts licenses into games for the hand held console Game Boy Color , the first being Obi-Wan 's Adventures . THQ published the game and HotGen developed it . It was released on November 27 , 2000 . The story of Obi-Wan 's Adventures is set in the middle of a conflict in the Galactic Republic ; the antagonistic Trade Federation and the evil Sith Lord are planning to take control of the galaxy . In the game , the player operates the character Obi-Wan Kenobi as he fights the forces of the Trade Federation which culminates in a battle against Darth Maul . His weapons include a lightsaber , a blaster , and use of the Force . Since its release , Obi-Wan 's Adventures has received mixed reviews . The game has been criticized for its visuals and controls , but praised for its sound design and creative levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752b17e55faaa8e62f978482e6eee6f0", "text": "Mortal Kombat Mortal Kombat is a video game franchise originally developed by Midway Games ' Chicago studio in 1992 . Following Midway 's bankruptcy , the Mortal Kombat development team was acquired by Warner Bros. and turned into NetherRealm Studios . Warner Bros. . Interactive Entertainment currently owns the rights of the franchise and rebooted it in 2011 . The development of the first game was originally based on an idea that Ed Boon and John Tobias had of making a video game starring Jean-Claude Van Damme , but as that idea fell through , a fantasy-horror themed fighting game titled Mortal Kombat was created instead . The original game has spawned many sequels and has spun a media franchise consisting of several action-adventure games , films ( animated and live-action with its own sequel ) , and television series ( animated and live-action ) . Other spin-offs include comic book series , a card game and a live-action tour . Along with Capcom 's Street Fighter and Bandai Namco 's Tekken , Mortal Kombat has become one of the most successful fighting franchises in the history of video games . , the franchise had generated $ 5 billion in revenue , making it one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The series has a reputation for high levels of bloody violence , including , most notably , its Fatalities ( finishing moves , requiring a sequence of button inputs to perform ) . The Fatalities , in part , led to the creation of the ESRB video game rating system . The series name itself is also known for using the letter `` K '' in place of `` C '' for the hard C sound , thus intentionally misspelling the word `` combat '' , as well as other words with the hard C sound within later games in the series . Early games in the series were also noted for its realistic digitized sprites ( which differentiated it from its contemporaries ' hand-drawn sprites ) and an extensive use of palette swapping to create new characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2d0140ca26c0eef1d478e8136d26c50", "text": "Seer (film) Seer is a 2011 Chinese animated fantasy adventure film based on an online game . It is about some robots on an airship called Seer who were off to find a legendary phoenix in a vast universe , they also had to fight off some evil space pirates who were blocking their way . It was released on July 28 , 2011 . The film is the first in a film series , being followed by Seer 2 ( 2012 ) , Seer the Movie 3 : Heroes Alliance ( 2013 ) , Seer 4 ( 2014 ) and Seer Movie 5 : Rise of Thunder ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef27111fa074ccd7483aa85db8fd14f6", "text": "Antagonistic contradiction Antagonistic contradiction ( Chinese language : 矛盾 ; Pinyin : Máo dùn ) is the impossibility of compromise between different social classes . The term is most often applied in Maoist theory , which holds that differences between the two primary classes , the working class/proletariat and the bourgeoisie are so great that there is no way to bring about a reconciliation of their views . Because the groups involved have diametrically opposed concerns , their objectives are so dissimilar and contradictory that no mutually acceptable resolution can be found . Nonantagonistic contradictions may be resolved through mere debate , but antagonistic contradictions can only be resolved through struggle . The term is usually attributed to Vladimir Lenin , although he may never have actually used the term in any of his written works . In Maoism , the antagonistic contradiction was usually that between the peasantry and the landowning class . Mao Zedong expressed his views on the policy in his famous February 1957 speech `` On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1edff28c390b6024c92ccff67bf0f16", "text": "List of Ghost in the Shell: Arise - Alternative Architecture episodes ( officially abbreviated as Ghost in the Shell AAA ) is a 2015 Japanese animated television series , based on Masamune Shirow 's manga Ghost in the Shell and the Ghost in the Shell : Arise pentalogy . The episodes were recompiled from the pentalogy , and therefore share the same cast and crew of Kazuchika Kise as director , Tow Ubukata as writer and Cornelius as composer . AAA is animated by Production I.G , and began airing in Japan on April 5 , 2015 , broadcasting from the Tokyo MX , KBS , SUN , TVA , HTB , OX , SBS , TVQ and BS11 networks . The opening theme is `` Anata o tamotsu mono '' by Maaya Sakamoto ( who also plays the role of Major Kusanagi ) and Cornelius .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "caec9e7da0436884672b9b6678971417", "text": "Man-Ape Man-Ape ( M'Baku ) is a fictional character , a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is depicted as a frequent enemy of the Black Panther .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c411164ee4a05e1b068ff8b769fdf3c5", "text": "List of Phantom: Requiem for the Phantom episodes This article is a list of the episodes of the Japanese anime series Phantom ~ Requiem for the Phantom ~ , which is animated by Bee Train and directed by Koichi Mashimo under the Project Phantom group . The series went on air on April 2 , 2009 on TV Tokyo . Subsequently the show also aired on AT-X , TV Aichi , and TV Osaka . Funimation Entertainment is streaming the series for its North American audience . The anime is based on the 2000 video game Phantom of Inferno . The series is about a Japanese national who gets kidnapped by an assassin syndicate called Inferno after he had personally witnessed an assassination while visiting the United States . Inferno is a criminal organization attempting to unite all known underworld mob gangs into one conglomerate . In order to achieve their goal , Inferno deploys its assassin operatives codenamed Phantom . Among them is an amnesiac girl named Ein and the Japanese national , who was given the name Zwei as his codename after being brainwashed of his previous memory . An announcement regarding the show was first announced in the January issue of Kadokawa Shoten 's Newtype magazine with Yoshimitsu Yamashita , Mutsumi Sasaki and Yoko Kikuchi being the main animators with Bee Train being in charge of animation . Soon afterwards , a promotional video of Phantom ~ Requiem of the Phantom ~ was broadcast on Biglobe . Music for the series is created under Masumi Itō , using the alias Hikaru Nanase . For the first 19 episodes , the opening song `` Karma '' is written and sung by Kokia and arranged by Hikaru Nanase , with the ending song is sung by Ali Project with CD singles released . From episode 20 onwards , a 2nd opening song is sung by Ali Project with a 2nd ending song `` Transparent '' written and sung by Kokia and also arranged by Nanase . In addition , the OST of the show with CD singles by Ayahi Takagaki and Miyu Irino have been released to the public on July 8 , 2009 . The Japanese DVD releases of Volume 1 came out on July 24 , 2009 with subsequent releases from Volumes 2 to 10 on August 25 , 2009 , September 25 , 2009 , October 23 , 2009 , November 25 , 2009 , December 22 , 2009 , January 22 , 2010 , February 25 , 2010 , March 25 , 2010 and April 23 , 2010 . FUNimation released the series on Blu-ray and DVD in 2011 . A manga adaptation of the show was published in tankōbon form on May 23 , 2009 by Media Factory and Nitroplus , with the manga being illustrated by Masaki Hiragi under Media Factory 's Monthly Comic Alive 's February issue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64d7bf1f4357f9b56abf2bec5e6a09b6", "text": "Antagonist Movement The Antagonist Art Movement is a cultural movement formed in New York , New York in 2000 . The group grew out of desperation and in reaction to the New York art market . The movement primarily involves visual arts , literature , film , art manifestos and graphic design . It articulates its anti-commercial politics through a rejection of the prevailing standards in the art market and focuses its efforts on creating non-commercial cultural works and venues . Its purpose is to ridicule the meaninglessness , superficiality and artificiality of the commercial art world . The Antagonists foster emerging talent by providing opportunities for the exhibition of works , networking with other artists , mentoring and resources . The Antagonist Movement has worked with more than 3,500 artists from around the world over the past 14 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdae410496d3cee777726a2f73175761", "text": "Aye Aung Aye Aung ( အ အ င , -LSB- ʔé ʔàʊɴ -RSB- ; also known as Ko Aye Aung ) is a Burmese democracy activist who was imprisoned from September 1998 to July 2012 . Amnesty International designated him a prisoner of conscience . Aye Aung is the son of Thaung Sein and San Myint . He studied physics at Dagon University , where he became active in the pro-democracy group All Burma Federation of Student Unions ( ABFSU ) . On 12 September 1998 , he was arrested along with Myo Min Zaw for distributing fliers and organizing student demonstrations in Yangon . Both Aye Aung and Myo Min Zaw alleged that they were subsequently tortured in custody . At a press conference on 8 October 1998 , the government announced that they had discovered a plot by Myo Min Zaw to `` create disturbances in support of the National League for Democracy demand to convene parliament and to object to the ongoing university and college examinations '' . Aye Aung and Myo Min Zaw were reportedly denied legal representation at their trial , which was held in Insein prison ; Amnesty International also argued that the fairness of their trial was compromised by the press conference given by Burmese officials , in which they presumed the guilt of the two detainees . Both men were found guilty , and the court ordered that the sentences for each charge must be served cumulatively , rather than concurrently . As a result , Aye Aung was sentenced to a 59-year prison term , which he is currently serving in Kale prison in Burma 's northwestern Sagaing Region ; Myo Min Zaw was sentenced to 52 years . The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners has alleged that conditions of Aye Aung 's imprisonment are poor . In January 2005 , his family reported that he was suffering from malaria , which was being worsened by prison officials denying him blankets in the winter . His mother stated that he was also suffering from gastric disease and severe back pain due to prison conditions . In January 2012 , Myo Min Zaw and dozens of other political prisoners were released in a general amnesty . However , Aye Aung remained imprisoned without an official statement on his case . Aye Aung was released on 3 July 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1dbaa235194627ebe027f8a43d8b229", "text": "Mortal Kombat (2011 video game) Mortal Kombat is a fighting video game developed by NetherRealm Studios and published by Warner Bros. . Interactive Entertainment . The game is the ninth main installment in the Mortal Kombat series and is a reboot of the franchise . The game was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 systems in April 2011 , and a PlayStation Vita port was released in May 2012 . An expanded version of the game , titled Mortal Kombat : Komplete Edition , was released for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 in February 2012 and for Microsoft Windows in July 2013 . Although beginning during the events of Mortal Kombat : Armageddon , the plot is a retcon to the earliest period in the Mortal Kombat series , the events of Mortal Kombat , Mortal Kombat II and Mortal Kombat 3 ( as well as the latter title 's two updates ) . The storyline involves the divine protector of Earth , Raiden , attempting to change the aftermath of the events of Armageddon by contacting his past self as he faces defeat at the hands of the evil emperor of Outworld , Shao Kahn . While having characters and levels rendered in three-dimensions , the gameplay distances itself from the fully 3D graphics one seen in the last four games , bearing closer resemblance to that of the 2D era of the series , using a camera that is perpendicular to the two-dimensional playing field . Upon release , Mortal Kombat received very positive reviews and won several awards for fighting game of the year . It was also a commercial success , selling more than two million copies in the first month alone . Due to its extremely violent content , the game was banned in Australia due to the lack of appropriate ratings category , and South Korea , and it has been reportedly indexed in Germany ; the Australian ban was later lifted due to the introduction of an R18 classification and the game was released with many other R rated games in May 2014 . Mortal Kombat was followed by the sequel Mortal Kombat X in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2822d6843c47319acf752a27e7d8b014", "text": "Aoa (Dungeons & Dragons) Aoa are fictional creatures in the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game . These outsiders are born from the friction caused as a result of the rare occurrences when the Negative Energy Plane and Positive Energy Plane graze each other .", "title": "" } ]	fever
90734ad53a4e73b21f5c2d808b7e7ee6	Apple was not founded in 1976.	[ { "docid": "0f13532620c4a97dd6de2e0ca5fa10aa", "text": "Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino , California that designs , develops , and sells consumer electronics , computer software , and online services . The company 's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone , the iPad tablet computer , the Mac personal computer , the iPod portable media player , the Apple Watch smartwatch , and the Apple TV digital media player . Apple 's consumer software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems , the iTunes media player , the Safari web browser , and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites . Its online services include the iTunes Store , the iOS App Store and Mac App Store , Apple Music , and iCloud . Apple was founded by Steve Jobs , Steve Wozniak , and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 to develop and sell personal computers . It was incorporated as Apple Computer , Inc. in January 1977 , and sales of its computers saw significant momentum and revenue growth for the company . Within a few years , they had hired a staff of computer designers and had a production line . Apple went public in 1980 to instant financial success . Over the next few years , Apple shipped new computers featuring innovative graphical user interfaces , and Apple 's marketing commercials for its products received widespread critical acclaim . However , the high price tag of its products and limited software titles caused problems , as did power struggles between executives at the company . Jobs resigned from Apple and created his own company . As the market for personal computers increased , Apple 's computers saw diminishing sales due to lower-priced products from competitors , in particular those offered with the Microsoft Windows operating system . More executive job shuffles happened at Apple until then-CEO Gil Amelio in 1997 decided to buy Jobs ' company to bring him back . Jobs regained position as CEO , and began a process to rebuild Apple 's status , which included opening Apple 's own retail stores in 2001 , making numerous acquisitions of software companies to create a portfolio of software titles , and changed some of the hardware technology used in its computers . It again saw success and returned to profitability . In January 2007 , Jobs announced that Apple Computer , Inc. would be renamed Apple Inc. to reflect its shifted focus toward consumer electronics , and announced the iPhone , which saw critical acclaim and significant financial success . In August 2011 , Jobs resigned as CEO due to health complications , and Tim Cook became the new CEO . Two months later , Jobs died , marking the end of an era for the company . Apple is the world 's largest information technology company by revenue , and the world 's second-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung . In February 2015 , Apple became the first U.S. company to be valued at over US$ 700billion . The company employs 116,000 full-time employees and maintains 496 retail stores in 21 countries . It operates the iTunes Store , which is the world 's largest music retailer . , more than one billion Apple products are actively in use worldwide . Apple 's worldwide annual revenue totaled $ 215billion for the 2016 fiscal year . The company enjoys a high level of brand loyalty and has been repeatedly ranked as the world 's most valuable brand . However , it receives significant criticism regarding the labor practices of its contractors and its environmental and business practices , including the origins of source materials .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e898c990067ee90494b10ccdf799f617", "text": "PowerBook 1400 The PowerBook 1400 was a notebook computer designed and sold by Apple Computer ( now Apple Inc. ) from 1996 to 1998 as part of their PowerBook series of Macintosh computers . Introduced in November 1996 at a starting price of $ 2499 , it was the first new PowerBook after the controversial PowerBook 5300 . After the introduction of the more powerful PowerBook 3400 in February 1997 , the 1400 took on the role of Apple 's entry level notebook and remained there until its discontinuation in May 1998 . Its successor , the PowerBook G3 Series ( i.e. - `` Wallstreet '' / `` Mainstreet '' ) would ultimately go on to replace and consolidate not only the 1400 , but the 2400 and 3400 as well . Throughout its 18 months on the market , the PowerBook 1400 was available in a number of different configurations . It was originally released with a 117 MHz PowerPC 603e processor ; a 133 MHz processor was added in July 1997 , and the line topped out with a 166 MHz processor the following December . Each version was available as either a `` c '' or a `` cs '' model , differentiated largely by type of LCD technology used . While both models came with 11.3 '' color displays with 800 x 600 resolution , the pricier 1400c came equipped with an active matrix display and the 1400cs came with a less expensive passive matrix , dual-scan display . The optional 6x CD-ROM was implemented using a sleep-swappable module system similar to the one pioneered by the PowerBook 5300 ; other modules included a Zip drive and the standard 1.4 MB floppy ( an 8x CD-ROM would eventually become standard on the 133 MHz model ) . A pioneering feature of the 1400 was the `` BookCover '' laptop skin which allowed owners the opportunity to give their PowerBook a customized look . Every 1400 shipped with a gray cover , a clear cover , and six inserts ; a ClarisWorks template was also included as an `` extra '' on the system restore CD , from which users could design their own BookCover . The 1400 was easily upgradeable . System memory modules could be `` piggy-backed '' onto each other ( another feature unique to the 1400 ) , allowing the use of additional RAM . The CPU was located on a removable daughter card , which could be replaced with one containing a faster processor , including a number of commercially available cards with PowerPC G3 processors from vendors such as Sonnet Technologies , NewerTech , and Vimage . Aside from its two PC Card slots , the 1400 also included an internal expansion slot . Although few applications were ever developed to utilize it , Apple did release their own branded video card which included an increased amount of VRAM and an external video port . Other devices included a third-party video card , as well as a relatively rare Ethernet networking card . There are several well-known issues concerning the PowerBook 1400 . Like all other PowerBooks prior to the PowerBook G4 , the drive controller used in the 1400 is incompatible with ATA-6 hard drives . Compatibility issues could also arise with hard drives larger than 8.2 GB , resolvable by partitioning the boot drive to less than 8.2 GB or by using Mac OS 8.6 or later . Additionally , unlike all Apple notebooks to come after it , the 1400 would not boot from a CD by holding down the `` C '' key while starting the machine ; the only workarounds for this were selecting the CD in the Startup Disk control panel before rebooting , or pressing the Command-Opt-Shift-Del keys . According to Low End Mac the 117 MHz model is a `` compromised Mac '' due to the lack of a level 2 cache .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb2623b0125b785bb842c342601d0a5", "text": "Copland (operating system) Copland was a project at Apple Computer to create an updated version of the classic Macintosh operating system . It was to have introduced protected memory , preemptive multitasking and a number of new underlying operating system features , yet still be compatible with existing Mac software . As originally planned , a follow-up release known as Gershwin would add multithreading and other advanced features . Development began in 1994 and was underway in earnest by 1995 when the system started to be referred to as System 8 , and later , Mac OS 8 . It was the major topic of Apple 's WWDC in 1996 , where it was presented as the sole focus of the company 's development efforts . However , as the project gathered momentum a furious round of empire building began . New features began to be added more rapidly than they could be completed , including most of the items originally slated for Gershwin , along with a wide variety of otherwise unrelated projects from within the company . The completion date for the beta continued to slip into the future and several announced dates passed with no sign of a release . The press became highly critical of the project , and the company as a whole . In 1996 , Apple 's newest CEO , Gil Amelio , poached Ellen Hancock from National Semiconductor and put her in charge of engineering in an effort to try to get development back on track . She decided it was best to cancel the project outright and try to find a suitable third-party system to replace it . Development officially ended in August 1996 , and after a short search , they announced that Apple was buying NeXT in order to use their NeXTSTEP operating system as the basis of a new Mac OS . Hancock also suggested that Apple should work on improving the existing System 7 while the new system matured . This was released as Mac OS 8 in 1997 and was followed by Mac OS 9 in 1999 . The new operating system based on NeXTSTEP shipped in 2001 as Mac OS X. In 2008 , PC World named Copland on a list of the biggest project failures in IT history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d73a4ecae85432177fd9aa17c0e909a", "text": "Apple A5X The Apple A5X is a 32-bit system-on-a-chip ( SoC ) designed by Apple Inc. , introduced at the launch of the third generation iPad on March 7 , 2012 . It is a high performance variant of the Apple A5 ; Apple claims it has twice the graphics performance of the A5 . It was superseded in the iPhone 5 and 5C by the A6 chip and the fourth generation iPad by the A6X chip .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "662ca65457efd5e03833e58d6e1e48b4", "text": "Apple Monitor III The Apple Monitor III is a 12-inch green phosphor ( A3M0039 ) or a white phosphor ( A3M0006 ) CRT-based monochrome monitor manufactured by Sanyo for Apple Computer ; for the Apple III personal computer , introduced in 1980 . As Apple 's first monitor in their business line of machines , it preceded the Apple Monitor II by several years . The Apple Monitor III 's main feature was the fine mesh on the CRT to reduce glare . The Apple Monitor III was also compatible with the entire Apple II series and numerous other computers through its standard composite video input jack . A monitor stand for the Monitor III was available from Apple .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f7dcf91efbcf86f86596635f6fef70a", "text": "Dandie Fashions Dandie Fashions or sometimes Dandy Fashions was a London fashion boutique founded in 1966 , following a chance encounter at the Speakeasy Club between Freddie Hornik and Alan Holston , who then got together with Australian John Crittle , the Guinness heir Tara Browne and Neil Winterbotham , and launched the new business . Dandie Fashions opened its shop at 161 King 's Road , Chelsea in October 1966 . John Crittle had previously worked for Michael Rainey in his boutique Hung On You . Crittle and Tara Browne wanted a retail outlet for their new tailoring company Foster and Tara . In December 1966 , Browne died in a car crash , while he was on his way to discuss shop front designs with the graphic artist David Vaughan . Crittle bought his share of the business . Five months after opening their Apple Boutique in Baker Street ( which ran from 7 December 1967 to 30 July 1968 ) , the Beatles invested in Dandie , renaming it Apple Tailoring ( Civil & Theatric ) . They were attracted to King 's Road by the presence of the clothing boutiques Dandie , along with Granny Takes a Trip and Hung On You . Apple Tailoring opened at the same 161 King 's Road premises as Dandie , on 23 May 1968 . Neil Aspinall and Apple 's accountant Stephen Maltz became directors . John Lennon and George Harrison attended the launch party . However , it never made a profit and closed some months later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "868945a7af8452ca26517c89ab7af61e", "text": "Chicago (typeface) Chicago is a sans-serif typeface designed by Susan Kare for Apple Computer . It was used in the Macintosh operating system user interface between 1984 and 1997 and was an important part of Apple 's brand identity . It is also used in early versions of the iPod user interface . Chicago was initially a bitmap font ; as the Apple OS 's capabilities improved , Apple commissioned the type foundry Bigelow & Holmes to create a vector-based TrueType version . The typeface is named after the U.S. city of Chicago , following the theme of original Macintosh fonts being named after major world cities . Susan Kare has stated that Chicago was the first font to be developed for the Macintosh . Before the team settled on the convention of naming fonts after `` world cities '' , it was called Elefont ( Elefont is also the name of a bold semi-serif typeface designed by Bob McGrath in 1978 ) . The first bitmap version included only a 12 pt . version . This font , with only very minor changes to spacing , was used for menus , dialogs , window titles , and text labels , through version 7.6 of the system . The TrueType version had many differences from the bitmap version , which became more apparent at greater sizes . One of Chicago 's features was that it could remain legible while being made `` grey '' ( to indicate a disabled menu item ) by the removal of every other pixel ( since actual grey type was not supported by the original Macintosh graphics hardware ) . The zero was slashed to distinguish it from capital `` O '' . In Mac OS 8 , Charcoal replaced Chicago as the default system font . Chicago continued to be distributed as a standard component of the system , and Apple even urged developers to keep designing user interfaces for the Chicago typeface , since the new alternate fonts used the Chicago metrics as a foundation . German-language versions of the Mac OS , as well as all language version of Mac OS 9 , had a different rendering of the 12-point version of Chicago . The letter W had two dips instead of one at the bottom of the letter , the letter V had its lower tip at the centre instead of veering left , and the letter I ( capital `` i '' ) had serifs at the top and bottom , distinguishing it from l ( lowercase `` L '' ) . A mix of this and the original Chicago was used in the original iPod . Chicago was also used in Apple marketing materials . It was common to find this font in early amateur desktop publishing productions , since it was available as part of the system . While Apple gravitated away from Chicago following the adoption of the relatively easier-to-read Charcoal as part of the platinum theme in Mac OS , it was later revived in the user interface for the iPod music player , where legibility on a low resolution two-color screen once again became an asset . With the introduction of the iPod mini , a smaller typeface was needed , and the Espy Sans font from the Apple Newton was used . Finally , with the introduction of the iPod Photo , the color iPod interface changed to Podium Sans -- a bitmap font similar to the Myriad Pro typeface which Apple has adopted gradually for its marketing since 2002 . Though the original font is no longer bundled with macOS , two Thai-language fonts bundled with macOS , Krungthep and Silom , use Chicago for their Latin letters and hence can be used as modern replacements . Chicago is a registered trademark ( `` typeface fonts recorded on computer software '' ) , belonging to Apple since August 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "814ecdb47bca44d9c85fc9120054ca5d", "text": "Apple Adjustable Keyboard The Apple Adjustable Keyboard is an ergonomic and adjustable keyboard introduced by Apple Computer in 1993 for the Macintosh personal computers at a retail price of US$ 219 . The keyboard attached to the computer via the Apple Desktop Bus ( ADB ) . The last Apple computer released compatible with this keyboard without using a USB to ADB adapter was the Power Macintosh G3 ( Blue & White ) , as it was the last one with the Apple Desktop Bus . It aimed to solve repetitive stress injuries resulting in carpal tunnel syndrome , after several computer keyboard manufacturers were sued for poor design . The Apple Adjustable Keyboard came with contoured plastic wrist rests , and a separate keypad with function keys and arrow keys . This was the third and last time Apple offered a separate numeric keypad . Unlike its predecessors , it was not sold separately . The keyboard also included volume buttons and a record button on the right side of the keyboard . It was hinged at the top , allowing the user to adjust the angle between the right and left sides of the keyboard . The split came between the key pairs : 5/6 , T/Y , G/H , and B/N . The space bar floated midway between the two parts . Although the keyboard addressed several ergonomic problems , it was reviewed poorly due to using a large amount of desk space , mainly because of the optional palm rests . The keyboard uses Alps SKFS switches , which provide tactile feedback with a slightly `` clicky '' feel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8db1b7e9ed5a429e4e86cba06e63a62b", "text": "LisaProject LisaProject was the first graphical project management software . Developed for the Apple Lisa computer , LisaProject was conceived and implemented by Debra Willrett of SoloSoft and developed for Apple 's Lisa computer . This was the first GUI-based software application for project management . LisaProject was the first to simplify the project management process by allowing the user to interactively draw their project on the computer in the form of a PERT chart . Constraints could be entered for each task , and the relationships between tasks would show which ones had to be completed before a task could begin . Given the task constraints and relationships , a `` critical path '' , schedule and budget could be calculated dynamically using heuristic methods . Once this was complete , the schedule data could be viewed as a Gantt chart . In 1981 , Willrett realized that project management was a universal problem and that a GUI-based application would be a useful tool . She proposed what became LisaProject to Trip Hawkins at Apple . At the time , Apple was developing the Apple Lisa computer which had limited software . Although the Apple Lisa ultimately failed in the marketplace , its largest Lisa customer was NASA , which had used LisaProject for project management . In response to the demand for LisaProject from NASA and other customers , a new version called MacProject was made available with the first Macintosh release in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bac8cbdcee3a9b4dee7503b4b3b581bd", "text": "MacUpdate MacUpdate is an Apple Macintosh ( desktop ) app/software download website , which was started in the late-1990s . MacUpdate has been featured in several magazines and newspapers including The New York Times , USA Today , Detroit News & Free Press , The Philadelphia Inquirer , Macworld , and MacLife . According to Inc. . Magazine in 2009 , MacUpdate ( est. 2006 ) was the 114th fastest growing privately owned company in the USA . Inc magazine also listed it as the fastest growing company in Michigan and the fifth-fastest growing retail company in the United States . In 2010 , the last year that data is publicly available for MacUpdate on that site , INC. . Magazine had Macupdate listed as the 233rd . MacUpdate is updated daily , listing the newest updates and releases of Macintosh software for the Mac OS X operating systems . It does not list Microsoft Windows or Linux software , although it does list some software that has been ported from Linux and requires Apple 's X11 environment . The website is free to use with or without signup . A membership service is also available that offers users expanded services such as email notifications , watch lists , daily email newsletters , and the ability to rate and review software , and discounts on software sales through their MacUpdate Promo website . In 2007 , MacUpdate launched the MacUpdate Promo website , which offers a Macintosh application ( or bundle of applications ) at a discount . MacUpdate Promo also sells software bundles three or four times a year , which include up to 10 or more Mac applications , usually at around 90 % off normal price . In July 2014 MacUpdate launched a new version of its MacUpdate Desktop application ( Version 6 ) which enables members to automatically update any Macintosh-compatible software on their computer that is also tracked by MacUpdate . Programs not tracked by the MacUpdate website are not able to be updated . Version 6 of the software , however , has attracted complaint from customers regarding its efficacy and reliability . In addition , programs purchased through the Apple Store are , for the average user , incompatible with MacUpdate Desktop updates unless the program defaults to the Apple Store . Nevertheless , MacUpdate has experienced a more than 50 % rise in its Alexa Traffic rating since its new partnership with AdRoll , a retargeting advertisement company , and the deployment of Version 6 of its MacUpdate Desktop application . MacUpdate Desktop was a freemium app , giving users up to 5 free updates per month at no charge . Users requiring unlimited updates can do so at a further annual cost . MacUpdate also provides another paid membership option , which it calls promo membership , which provides unlimited Desktop downloads as well as additional promotional bundle incentives . Starting with version 6.1.7 MacUpdate will not let you see updates or give you 5 free updates . You now have to pay $ 20 for a six month membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4bb7be9ff8a01a759db37ea9cb27e8c", "text": "John Couch (American executive) John Couch is the Vice President of Education at Apple , Inc. . Couch holds an A.B. in Computer Science from Berkeley , 1969 . He earned his master 's degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in 1970 . John spent an additional two years in the Computer Science Ph.D. program . He left the program to work for Hewlett Packard as a software engineer . In 2010 John was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Philadelphia University for his innovative contributions to education . At Hewlett Packard , John took on management roles at the same time teaching graduate courses at Cal State San Jose . He coauthored the textbook published by SRA ( Science Research Associates ) titled `` Compiler Construction : Theory and Practice . '' In 1978 John was recruited by Steve Jobs as Director of New Products for Apple Computer , Inc. . In early 1979 John was promoted to Vice President of Software . Like Steve , John was influenced by their visit to Xerox PARC and managed the initial graphical user interface for the Lisa system . John was promoted to General Manager and Vice President of the newly created Lisa division , called `` Personal Office Systems . '' He ran the Lisa division through launch . In the early years of Macintosh development , a Lisa was needed to compile software for the new machine . Bruce Horn tells a story in which he needed a Lisa for this purpose , and Steve Jobs directed him to just take one from John Couch 's office when he was away . Horn did so , and even decades later `` I still do n't know to this day whether Steve had arranged this with John , or if John came back to the surprise of an empty desk . '' The truth being , at the time , the Macintosh was under development , and there were a limited number of Lisa machines available to develop Macintosh software . John felt it more important for the Macintosh developers to have use of the machine than for him to have one on his desk . Couch left Apple in 1984 to take over a struggling Christian school in Solana Beach , CA . Couch served as Executive in Residence for the Mayfield Fund . In 1997 , he became CEO of biotechnology software maker DoubleTwist ( then called Pangea Systems ) and served in this capacity , and then as Chairman , until the company failed in 2002 . At this point he returned to Apple to fill the newly created role of Vice President of Education .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea1d3667b745296500552792e8283043", "text": "IPod Touch The iPod Touch ( stylized and marketed as iPod touch ) is an iOS-based all-purpose handheld PC designed and marketed by Apple Inc. with a user interface that is touchscreen-based . It can be used as a music and video player , digital camera , handheld game device , and personal digital assistant ( PDA ) . It connects to the Internet only through Wi-Fi base stations , does not use cellular network data , and is therefore not a smartphone , though it has a similar design to the iPhone and is often referred to as the `` iPhone without a phone '' . Furthermore , it does not fit in Apple 's iPhone accessories such as their leather cases . As of May 2013 , 100 million iPod Touch units had been sold . It is also the most popular iPod model . iPod touch models are sold by storage space and color , with all models of the same generation typically offering otherwise identical features , processors , and performance , in addition to available operating system upgrades ; an exception was the fifth generation , as the low-end ( 16 GB ) model was initially sold without a rear-facing camera . The current iPod touch is the sixth-generation model , released on July 15 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc891c56063765b29a106cabed39132c", "text": "Power Macintosh G3 (Blue & White) The Power Mac G3 series ( commonly known as the `` Blue and White G3 '' , or sometimes either as the `` B&W G3 '' , `` Yosemite G3 '' or `` Smurf Tower '' to distinguish it from the original Power Macintosh G3 ) is a short-lived series of personal computers designed , manufactured and sold by Apple Computer Inc. as part of their Power Macintosh line . It was introduced in January 1999 , succeeding the original `` beige '' Power Macintosh G3 , with which it shared the name and processor architecture but little else ; it was discontinued in favor of the Power Mac G4 line in August 1999 . The Blue & White G3 used a modified version of the memory/PCI controller , the Motorola MPC106 ( codenamed `` Grackle '' ) ; it used the MPC106 v4 . The I/O `` Heathrow '' had been replaced by `` Paddington '' ( adding 100 Mbit Ethernet and power save features ) , the audio chip `` Screamer '' ( on the beige G3 's `` Personality Card '' ) had been replaced by `` Burgundy '' , and other controllers for Firewire ( Texas Instruments PCI-Lynx ) , for USB etc. were added . Though still based on the PowerPC G3 architecture , the G3 B&W was a totally new design . The first new Power Mac model after the release of the iMac , it used a novel enclosure with the logic board on the folding `` door '' , which swung down onto the desk for easy access ( a design that was also used on all Power Mac G4 models except for the Cube ) , and borrowed the iMac 's blue-and-white color scheme . It also introduced the New World ROM to the Power Macintosh line .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "437089ed7e551a078f300d00d1efcda3", "text": "Haddock Corporation Haddock Corporation is an American consumer electronics and information technology consulting business based in Wichita , Kansas which operates two Haddock Computer Center retail locations . Founded as a software company , Haddock has been an Apple-authorized dealer and computer repair shop since 1984 , the year the Macintosh computer was released . Company founder and CEO Richard Haddock served on Apple 's reseller advisory board for over ten years . He is a member and one of the founders of the Apple Specialist Marketing Corporation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9632bf79ffd5b801c8228441ad5874ad", "text": "Google Calendar Google Calendar is a time-management and scheduling calendar service developed by Google . It became available as a limited beta release on April 13 , 2006 , and exited the beta stage in July 2009 . It is available on the web and as mobile apps for the Android and iOS mobile operating systems . Google Calendar allows users to create and edit events . Reminders can be enabled for events , with options available for type and time . Event locations can also be added , and other users can be invited to events . Users can enable or disable the visibility of special calendars , including Birthdays , where the app retrieves dates of births from Google contacts and displays birthday cards on a yearly basis , and Holidays , a country-specific calendar that displays dates of special occasions . Over time , Google has added functionality that makes use of machine learning , including `` Events from Gmail '' , where event information from a user 's Gmail messages are automatically added to Google Calendar ; `` Reminders '' , where users add to-do activities that can be automatically updated with new information ; `` Smart Suggestions '' , where the app recommends titles , contacts , and locations when creating events ; and `` Goals '' , where users enter information on a specified personal goal , and the app automatically schedules the activity at optimal times . Google Calendar 's mobile apps have received polarized reviews . 2015 reviews of the Android and iOS apps both praised and criticized the design . While some critics praised the design for being `` cleaner '' , `` bold '' and making use of `` colorful graphics '' , other reviewers asserted that the graphics took up too much space . The Smart Suggestions feature was also liked and disliked , with varying levels of success in the app actually managing to suggest relevant information upon event creation . The integration between Google Calendar and Gmail was praised , however , with critics writing that `` all of the relevant details are there '' . The iOS app has been criticized for its lack of iPad support , and for the lack of a widget in the iOS Notification Center . An update in March 2017 added iPad support , and a blog post by Google announced that a Notification Center widget is coming in a future update .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "201049afae8a76586c855bab2e9ff46c", "text": "Power Macintosh 9500 The Power Macintosh 9500 ( the 132 MHz model is also known as Power Macintosh 9515 in Europe and Japan ) is a high-end Macintosh personal computer which was designed , manufactured and sold by Apple Computer from May 1 , 1995 until February 17 , 1997 . It was powered by a PowerPC 604 processor , a second-generation PowerPC chip which was faster than the earlier PowerPC 601 chip . The 180MP and 200 used the enhanced PowerPC 604e processor . The CPU was connected via a daughterboard , and so could be swapped easily . Available were single-processor cards ranging from 120 to 200 MHz , and a dual processor card with two 180 MHz CPUs . It was the first Macintosh to use the PCI standard , with six PCI slots available , with one always needed for the graphics card . The basic design of the logic board , called `` Tsunami '' , was used by various Macintosh clone makers as a reference design and a modified version was used in the non-Macintosh Apple Network Server series . The 9500 was superseded by the Power Macintosh 9600 in February 1997 . Utilizing a third party G4 CPU upgrade and the XPostFacto installation utility it is possible to run up to Mac OS X v10 .5 `` Leopard '' on a 9500 , making it the oldest model capable of running Mac OS X.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9674a4e4773e9a4a8ca0618bc54fb25d", "text": "Open Software Foundation The Open Software Foundation ( OSF ) was a not-for-profit organization founded in 1988 under the U.S. National Cooperative Research Act of 1984 to create an open standard for an implementation of the UNIX operating system . In February 1996 Open Software Foundation merged with X/Open to become The Open Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550efe928110d81691cceb6defb44f3a", "text": "Apple Jacks Apple Jacks is a brand of cereal produced by Kellogg 's and targeted mainly at children . It was introduced to the U.S. as `` Apple O 's '' in 1965 after being invented by William Thilly who is currently a professor at MIT . In 1971 the name `` Apple Jacks '' was put into action by advertisers . The product is described by Kellogg 's as a `` crunchy , sweetened multi-grain cereal with apple and cinnamon . '' Originally , all Apple Jacks cereal pieces were orange and O-shaped , although they have become brighter and more orange colored over the decades . In 1998 , O-shaped green pieces were introduced . On December 8 , 2003 , as part of a marketing promotion , the orange jacks remained Os but the green jacks were Xs for a while and in summer 2005 the green jacks were figure-8s ( double Os ) for a period of time . More recently , Apple Jacks has introduced New Apple Jacks ` Crashers ' -- a unique cereal piece that replicates a mid-2007 advertising execution when mascots Bad Apple and CinnaMon were accidentally fused together . The latest ( limited ) edition , in 2010 , are Apple Clones , with red pieces shaped like apples . In 2012 , Apple Jacks was brought to Canada in a Limited Edition box .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da2dd1c7824d65e7c4714f7c5b808303", "text": "Apple Campus The Apple Campus is the corporate headquarters of Apple Inc. , located at 1 Infinite Loop in Cupertino , California , United States . Its design resembles that of a university , with the buildings arranged around green spaces , similar to a suburban business park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f87a1885b411b02a2a1715cd1b189f7", "text": "Apple Assembly Line Apple Assembly Line was a monthly newsletter published from October 1980 through May 1988 . This newsletter focused on assembly language for the Apple II , IIe , IIc , and IIgs computers . In the beginning all the programs were written for the 6502 microprocessor , but as the Apple II family developed , this expanded to the 65C02 , 65802 , and 65816 . A reviewer wrote : `` This was something more than a newsletter , but not quite a magazine . It was edited and printed by Bob Sander-Cederlof , author of the S-C Macro Assembler , and was written initially for support of that product . It included information about how to write assembly language routines for various projects , and one of Sander-Cederlof 's favorite pastimes was finding ways to squeeze the most code into the fewest bytes possible . Often he would take sections of code from Apple 's system software , disassemble it , and point out how it could have been coded more tightly or efficiently . He also included various products that he or others had written that were useful for other programmers , including a package of extensions for Applesoft that allowed 18-digit-precision math functions . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ace703e50eddbbfa4e733a4f3a16d6cc", "text": "Swiss railway clock The Swiss railway clock was designed in 1944 by Hans Hilfiker , a Swiss engineer , together with Mobatime , a clock manufacturer , for use by the Swiss Federal Railways as a station clock . In 1953 , Hilfiker added a red second hand in the shape of a railway guard 's signaling disc . Since then it has become a Swiss national icon , included among examples of outstanding 20th-century design by both the Design Museum in London and the Museum of Modern Art in New York City , and its clockface design is licensed for use on certain Apple devices such as iPads and iPhones . Apple was initially accused of using the clock design without permission . Although the exact details of the licensing agreement are confidential , it was reported that Apple ultimately paid Swiss national rail operator SBB about CHF 20M ( about US$ 22.4 M as of January 2014 ) to license the use of the clock design . Apple later removed the design from its operating system with iOS 7 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b680f34d1dfe6f4fb81149db28c4f3b8	Conquest of the Planet of the Apes is genre fiction.	[ { "docid": "95b1b9684cf7ba8c585957508ede1d6a", "text": "Conquest of the Planet of the Apes Conquest of the Planet of the Apes is a 1972 science fiction film directed by J. Lee Thompson and written by Paul Dehn . It is the fourth of five films in the original Planet of the Apes series produced by Arthur P. Jacobs . The film stars Roddy McDowall , Don Murray and Ricardo Montalbán . It explores how the apes rebelled from humanity 's ill treatment following Escape from the Planet of the Apes ( 1971 ) . It was followed by Battle for the Planet of the Apes ( 1973 ) . The series reboot Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( 2011 ) has a similar premise to Conquest , but is not officially a remake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5e690b10c2229756e968002e73b3c32", "text": "Science fiction film Science fiction film ( or sci-fi ) is a genre that uses speculative , fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science , such as extraterrestrial lifeforms , alien worlds , extrasensory perception and time travel , along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft , robots , cyborgs , interstellar travel or other technologies . Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues , and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition . In many cases , tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held . The genre has existed since the early years of silent cinema , when Georges Melies ' A Trip to the Moon ( 1902 ) employed trick photography effects . The next major example in the genre was the film Metropolis ( 1927 ) - being the first feature length science fiction movie . From the 1930s to the 1950s , the genre consisted mainly of low-budget B movies . After Stanley Kubrick 's landmark 2001 : A Space Odyssey ( 1968 ) , the science fiction film genre was taken more seriously . In the late 1970s , big-budget science fiction films filled with special effects became popular with audiences after the success of Star Wars and paved the way for the blockbuster hits of subsequent decades .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a9d29b037c53329c455172ac8016b34f", "text": "Alien language in science fiction A formal description of an alien language in science fiction may have been pioneered by Percy Greg 's Martian language ( he called it `` Martial '' ) in his 1880 novel Across the Zodiac , although already the 17th century book The Man in the Moone describes the language of the Lunars , consisting `` not so much of words and letters as tunes and strange sounds '' , which is in turn predated by other invented languages in fictional societies , e.g. , in Thomas More 's Utopia . As the science fiction genre developed , so did the use of the literary trope of alien languages . Some science-fiction works operate on the premise that alien languages can be easily learned if one has a competent understanding of the nature of languages in general . For example , the protagonist of C. S. Lewis 's novel Out of the Silent Planet is able to use his training in historical linguistics to decipher the language spoken on Mars . Others work on the premise that languages with similarities can be partially understood by different species . Stanislaw Lem 's novel His Master 's Voice describes an effort by scientists to decode , translate and understand an extraterrestrial transmission . The novel critically approaches humanity 's intelligence and intentions in deciphering and truly comprehending a message from outer space . The 2014 novel Lamikorda by D. R. Merrill not only deals with differences in verbal communication , but gestures and other `` body language '' , pointing out the inextricability of language with cultural and social norms . In some cases , authors avoid linguistic questions by introducing devices into their stories that seamlessly translate between languages , to the point that the concept of different languages can largely be excluded from a franchise . Notable examples include : Douglas Adams 's babel fish The TARDIS from Doctor Who The translator microbes in Farscape The universal translator from Star Trek In other cases , the question of language is dealt with through the introduction of a universal language via which most , if not all , of the franchise 's species are able to communicate . In the Star Wars universe , for example , this language is known as Basic and is spoken by the majority of the characters , with a few notable exceptions . Other alien species take advantage of their unique physiology for communication purposes , an example being the Ithorians , who use their twin mouths , located on either side of their neck , to speak in stereo . In some franchises this universal language is an intermediary language ; one that different species can easily translate to and from their own languages , thus allowing simple communication between races . Examples of this approach include Interlac from the Legion of Super-Heroes , Babylon 5 , and the Uplift Universe , where numerous sapient species use at least twelve `` Galactic '' languages ( each version is used in communication between species that can articulate it , and that find it useful in expressing their concepts ) . Not all of these universal/intermediate languages take the form of spoken/written languages as is recognized in the human world . In the film and book Close Encounters of the Third Kind scientists use Solresol , a language based on musical tones , while in the film and book Contact , aliens send the instructions to build a machine to reach them using mathematics , which the main character calls `` the only universal language '' . Similarly , in Stargate SG-1 , the protagonists encounter a galactic meeting place where different races communicate with one another using a language based on atomic structures which is `` written '' in three dimensions rather than two . A number of long-running franchises have taken the concept of an alien language beyond that of a scripting device and have developed languages of their own . Examples include the Klingon language of the Star Trek universe ( a fully developed constructed language created by Marc Okrand ) The Zentradi language from the Macross Japanese science-fiction anime series The DC Comics , Kryptonese ( for which there exists an alphabet and language glossary ) For his 2009 science fiction film Avatar , creator and director James Cameron constructed the fictional Na ` vi language ( with the aid of college professor Paul Frommer ) for his fictional alien Na ` vi race in the film The existence of alien languages and the ease or difficulty of translation is used as a plot device or script element in a number of franchises , sometimes seriously , and sometimes for comedic value . In Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country , the crew is forced to speak ( broken ) Klingon without the universal translator . In the film Mars Attacks ! , the language spoken by the Martians appears to consist only of the words `` ack ! '' and `` rack ! '' spoken at different pitches and volume . The film 's universal translator consistently translates these as being offers of friendship despite the fact that the aliens ' actions are anything but friendly . In one episode of Babylon 5 , Commander Susan Ivanova gives orders to a Minbari crew in their language , and exclaims `` Ah Hell ! '' in frustration , inadvertently giving the command `` continuous fire '' in Minbari . This is identical phonetically to `` ahel '' the Minbari translation of `` continuous fire '' . In Dragon Ball Z , Bulma speaks in her usual language ( Japanese ) and thereby involuntarily activates some functions of an alien starship , as her words are identified by the ship 's computer as Namekkian orders . C. J. Cherryh 's Chanur series of books relies heavily on linguistic and psychological problems of communication between various alien races . Some examples include usage of obscure languages and cultural references to conceal information from others , imperfections of computer translation , use of pidgin and linguistic barriers , psychological concepts which do not have matches in other races ' languages , and a race so alien that it can not be understood at all without a translation by another race which itself can barely be understood due to manifold meanings in each message . In the Foreigner universe , Cherryh explores the interface between humans and Atevi , whose language relies on numerical values , causing the main character , Bren Cameron , to constantly calculate as he speaks the Atevi language , Ragi . Conversely , in The Simpsons , the fact that English is mutually understood by the show 's human and alien characters is noted as being `` an astonishing coincidence '' . Some stories , however , have alien beings speak near-unpronounceable tongues . Clark Ashton Smith , in one tale , has the sorcerer Eibon struggle to articulate the name of an alien , Hziulquoigmnzhah . Other works present detailed , concrete examples of the difficulty of learning alien languages due to linguistic relativity . In Mary Doria Russell 's philosophical/sci-fi novel The Sparrow , a linguist who travels to an alien planet as part of a Jesuit mission discovers a language with unique and ( at first ) incomprehensible tenses and conjugations . In Carl Sagan 's novel Contact ( and the subsequent film adaptation ) , a broadcast from an extraterrestrial source is discovered to contain multiple layers of encrypted messages . Ted Chiang 's short story `` Story of Your Life '' describes attempts to communicate with a technologically advanced alien species that has no apparent understanding of basic mathematics and physics . Other science fiction stories imagine communication through telepathy . There is for example the Vulcan mind meld in Star Trek . In the novel Ender 's Game , the `` Buggers '' are an alien species in which their queen can telepathically communicate with every member of her species , but no humans except Ender . The inability of the two species to effectively communicate serves as a critical element of the novel 's plot . Sheila Finch published a collection of short stories about first contact and alien communication , The Guild of Xenolinguists , ( Golden Gryphon Press ) , in 2007 . In 2008 , the game Dead Space introduced a form of alien language known as Unitology , for the religion that mainly uses it . Unitology is only shown to be written with no example or indication of a verbal dialect . In Futurama , a language exists called Alienese , which originates from an unspecified extraterrestrial source . At least one character has achieved an academic degree in xenolinguistics , which gives her the apparently rare skill of knowing how to translate between English and Alienese . In science-fiction movie Arrival scientists trying to understand aliens ' language and symbols Various works from the Cthulhu mythos of H.P. Lovecraft present short sentences , excerpts and text fragments in the language of the Old Gods , referred to as `` R'lyehian '' or `` Cthuvian '' by the fan base . Lovecraft provided translations for some of the texts and denoted Cthuvian as a thick , guttural language , but he never published any details on pronunciation and grammar , so it is not possible to communicate in Cthuvian . Based on the limited text resources , only few grammatical rules and vocabulary could be worked out by fans , which are mostly guesswork . There is no evidence that Lovecraft even had a concept for the structure of the language when writing it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef1d3a98c81d39e94e9dc68e77c61b59", "text": "Genre Genre ( -LSB- ˈʒɒ̃rə -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʒɒnrə -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdʒɒnrə -RSB- from French genre -LSB- ʒɑ̃ʁ -RSB- , `` kind '' or `` sort '' , from Latin genus ( stem gener - ) , Greek γένος , génos ) is any form or type of communication in any mode ( written , spoken , digital , artistic , etc. ) with socially-agreed upon conventions developed over time . Genre is most popularly known as a category of literature , music , or other forms of art or entertainment , whether written or spoken , audio or visual , based on some set of stylistic criteria , yet genres can be aesthetic , rhetorical , communicative , or functional . Genres form by conventions that change over time as new genres are invented and the use of old ones is discontinued . Often , works fit into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions . Stand alone texts , works , or pieces of communication may have individual styles , but genres are amalgams of these texts based on agreed upon or socially inferred conventions . Some genres may be rigid with strictly adhered to guidelines while others may be very flexible . Genre began as an absolute classification system for ancient Greek literature . Poetry , prose , and performance each had a specific and calculated style that related to the theme of the story . Speech patterns for comedy would not be appropriate for tragedy , and even actors were restricted to their genre under the assumption that a type of person could tell one type of story best . In later periods genres proliferated and developed in response to changes in audiences and creators . Genre became a dynamic tool to help the public make sense out of unpredictable art . Because art is often a response to a social state , in that people write/paint/sing / dance about what they know about , the use of genre as a tool must be able to adapt to changing meanings . Genre suffers from the same ills of any classification system . Genre is to be reassessed and scrutinized and to weigh works on their unique merit . It has been suggested that genres resonate with people because of the familiarity , the shorthand communication , as well as the tendency of genres to shift with public mores and to reflect the zeitgeist . While the genre of storytelling has been relegated as lesser form of art because of the heavily borrowed nature of the conventions , admiration has grown . Proponents argue that the genius of an effective genre piece is in the variation , recombination , and evolution of the codes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5d672b9bb513418adbf065d1cdcffc9", "text": "Conquerors' The Conquerors trilogy is a series of science fiction novels by Timothy Zahn , published between 1994 and 1996 . Set in a space opera future , the trilogy is concerned with a failed first contact that leads to an interstellar war between humanity and an alien race , the Zhirrzh ( nicknamed by humans The Conquerors ) . Meanwhile , other alien races try to take advantage of the conflict between the two powers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b3590337bb1b2027716487cf0fd6b7f", "text": "The Lost Empire The Lost Empire may refer to : Tarzan and the Lost Empire , a 1929 novel by Edgar Rice Burroughs Lost Empires ( novel ) , a 1965 novel by J. B. Priestley Lost Empires , a 1986 television miniseries adapted from the Priestley novel The Lost Empire ( 1983 film ) , a fantasy adventure directed by Jim Wynorski The Lost Empire , alternate title for the 2001 NBC/SciFi Channel television mini-series The Monkey King Atlantis : The Lost Empire , a 2001 Disney animated feature Atlantis : The Lost Empire ( soundtrack ) , the soundtrack album of the Disney film Atlantis : The Lost Empire ( video game ) , a game based on the Disney film Lost Empire , a 2007 turn-based strategy computer game by Pollux Gamelabs Lost Empire ( novel ) , a 2010 adventure novel by Clive Cussler", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa80d5d3bede497ba98e700d056683cd", "text": "The Worlds of Science The Worlds of Science is a series of science book paperbacks by various authors published by Pyramid Books in the 1960s . The series included both reprints of works originally published independently and new works written especially for the series . Prominent contributors included Isaac Asimov and L. Sprague de Camp , among others . Books in the series include : The Human Brain , by John Pfeifer Maya , by Charles Gallenkamp Nine Planets , by Alan E. Nourse Living Earth , by Peter Farb Chemistry Creates a New World , by Bernard Jaffe The Road to Man , by Herbert Wendt Giants of Science , by Philip Cane Snakes of the World , by Raymond Ditmars The ABC of Physics , by Jerome S. Meyer Computers , by Stanley Englehardt Man and Dolphin , by John C. Lilly Kingdom of the Octopus , by Frank W. Lane Dinosaurs , by Nicholas Hutton III The Story of Weather , by Capt. David C. Holmes , USN Fact and Fancy , by Isaac Asimov Electronics , by Stanley L. Englehardt Conquest of the Moon , by William Hines Elephant , by L. Sprague de Camp Category : Science books", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5319436499f21ee222af9e590f4dc2de", "text": "The Wizard of Venus `` The Wizard of Venus '' is a novella by Edgar Rice Burroughs , as well as the title of a collection in which it was later published together with an unrelated story . `` The Wizard of Venus '' is the final story in Burroughs 's Venus series ( sometimes called the `` Carson Napier of Venus series '' ) . Written in 1941 , the piece remained unpublished until 1964 , fourteen years after the author 's death . Burroughs intended it to be the opening piece in a sequence of stories to be brought together later in book form , as he had done in the instance of the previous Venus volume , Escape on Venus . He began the first follow-up tale , only to abandon the project in the wake of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor ; the text of the aborted sequel is now lost . `` The Wizard of Venus '' was first published in the 1964 Burroughs collection Tales of Three Planets together with the unrelated tales `` The Resurrection of Jimber-Jaw '' , `` Beyond the Farthest Star '' and `` Tangor Returns '' . Afterwards it appeared in the collection The Wizard of Venus ( Ace Books , August 1970 ) . This also included the unrelated pirate adventure `` Pirate Blood '' - with a quite unsavory `` hero '' - Johnny LaFitte of Glenora , California - a 20th-century descendant of Jean Lafitte who gets to the distant Vulture 's Island , where his pirate heredity asserts itself in a modern piratical career full of cold-blooded murders and rapes . A subsequent British edition ( New English Library , 1975 ) omitted the unrelated story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "862cf9510c921ed911fe23391f5106c9", "text": "The Human Zoo (book) The Human Zoo is a book written by the British zoologist Desmond Morris , published in 1969 . It is a follow-up to his earlier book The Naked Ape ; both books examine how the biological nature of the human species has shaped the character of the cultures of the contemporary world . The Human Zoo examines the nature of civilized society , especially in the cities . Morris compares the human inhabitants of a city to the animal inhabitants of a zoo , which have their survival needs provided for , but at the cost of living in an unnatural environment . Humans in their cities , and animals in their zoos , both have food and shelter provided for them , and have considerable free time on their hands . But they have to live in an unnatural environment , and are both likely to have problems in developing healthy social relationships , both are liable to suffer from isolation and boredom , and both live in a limited amount of physical space . The book explains how the inhabitants of cities and zoos have invented ways to deal with these problems , and the consequences that follow when they fail at dealing with them . From this point of view , Morris examines why civilized society is the way it is . He offers explanations of the best and the worst features of civilized society . He examines the magnificent achievements of civilized society , the sublime explorations that make up science and the humanities , as well as the horrible behaviors of this same society such as war , slavery , and rape . This book , and Morris 's earlier book The Naked Ape , are two of the early works in the field of sociobiology , which have both contributed much to contemporary understandings of society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a8a8c571b1e5fe50207d408b3af4d33", "text": "Prophets of Science Fiction Prophets of Science Fiction is an American documentary television series produced and hosted by Ridley Scott for the Science Channel . The program premiered on . The series covers the life and work of leading science fiction authors of the last couple of centuries . It depicts how they predicted and , accordingly , influenced the development of scientific advancements by inspiring many readers to assist in transforming those futuristic visions into everyday reality . The stories are told through film clips , reenactments , illustrations and interviews . The first episode received mixed reviews . Commentators appreciated the approach of combining coverage of contemporary scientific research and biographical exposition , but criticized the series as `` light on the substance and heavy on the exaggeration '' . The series ' attempts to link Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein to developments such as organ transplants , supercomputers and DNA research were described by one critic as far-fetched but by another as successful .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aef5bac27fc3942eaafaca504a8212b", "text": "List of Planet of the Apes characters The Planet of the Apes franchise features many characters that appear in one or more works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0199029003492009e1a1a6ec589d7b62", "text": "Biopunk Biopunk ( a portmanteau of `` biotechnology '' or `` biology '' and `` punk '' ) is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on biotechnology . It is derived from cyberpunk , but focuses on the implications of biotechnology rather than information technology . Biopunk is concerned with synthetic biology . It is derived of cyberpunk involving bio-hackers , biotech mega-corporations , and oppressive government agencies that manipulate human DNA . Most often keeping with the dark atmosphere of cyberpunk , biopunk generally examines the dark side of genetic engineering and represents the low side of biotechnology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c636692447584ecef11db8a08fe6b945", "text": "Alien abduction The terms alien abduction or abduction phenomenon describe `` subjectively real memories of being taken secretly against one 's will by apparently nonhuman entities and subjected to complex physical and psychological procedures '' . Such abductions have sometimes been classified as close encounters of the fourth kind . People claiming to have been abducted are usually called `` abductees '' or `` experiencers '' . Due to a lack of objective physical evidence , most scientists and mental health professionals dismiss the phenomenon as `` deception , suggestibility ( fantasy-proneness , hypnotizability , false memory syndrome ) , personality , sleep paralysis , psychopathology , psychodynamics -LSB- and -RSB- environmental factors '' . Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees similarity between the aliens depicted in science fiction films , in particular , Invaders From Mars , and some of those reported to have actually abducted people . Typical claims involve being subjected to forced medical examinations that emphasize abductee reproductive systems . Abductees sometimes claim to have been warned against environmental abuse and the dangers of nuclear weapons . While many of these claimed encounters are described as terrifying , some have been viewed as pleasurable or transformative . The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world , but are most common in English speaking countries , especially the United States . The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee . Alien abductions have been the subject of conspiracy theories and science fiction storylines ( notably The X-Files ) that have speculated on stealth technology required if the phenomenon were real , the motivations for secrecy , and that alien implants could be a possible form of physical evidence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fdb0e8388c9f996004dcb140e86744b", "text": "Conquest of the Empire Conquest of the Empire is a military strategy board game set in the Roman Empire after the death of Marcus Aurelius , with 2 to 6 players pitting their armies against each other in an attempt to become the ruler of Rome . The game was originally created in 1982 by Larry Harris and published by The Citadel under the title VI Caesars . Harris revised the game for Milton Bradley in 1984 to be reissued under the title Conquest of the Empire as part of the Gamemaster series . The game was re-released in the summer of 2005 by Eagle Games , redesigned by Glenn Drover . The gameplay in Conquest of the Empire shares similarities to Axis & Allies , another Larry Harris project within the same series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7c969901535d7636f0b88cadfcde3f3", "text": "Speculative fiction Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre encompassing narrative fiction with supernatural or futuristic elements . This includes the genres science fiction , fantasy , horror and supernatural fiction , as well as their combinations . The broader usage of the term is attributed to Robert Heinlein , who referenced it in 1947 in an editorial essay , although there are prior mentions of speculative fiction or its variant `` speculative literature '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a17b18db69e04fb08ba30edc1e0130d", "text": "Logic of Empire `` Logic of Empire '' is a science fiction novella by American writer Robert A. Heinlein . Part of his Future History series , it originally appeared in Astounding Science Fiction ( March 1941 ) , and was collected in The Green Hills of Earth ( and subsequently The Past Through Tomorrow ) . Ostensibly a tale about a man in the wrong place at the wrong time , and his struggle to free himself from the oppressive circumstances in which he is plunged , this story also serves to explain how slavery develops in a new colony . Even in the future , the technology available to a new colony is always initially low . If a machine to do a necessary job is too expensive to import ( say a wheat harvester , a water pump , or even a washing machine ) , a human must do it instead . If too many jobs must be done by hand and there is a shortage of labor compared with independent resources that free labor could take up ( `` land '' , although this condition is not clear in the story ) , a market for slavery develops . Decades later , while there is still an abundance of land , this market remains because the colony itself has quotas to meet and debts to repay - they can not spare the resources to develop local industries to make the machines themselves and free labor does not have to bid its price down enough to out compete slave labor . Throughout the story , Heinlein takes the view of the objective narrator when describing Venusian society . `` Logic of Empire '' places different rationales on the people who participate in slavery . There are no real villains ; everybody 's just doing their job , trying to maximize income in a capitalist system . Even the plantation owner who owns the hero is portrayed as a struggling -- and failing -- small businessman , whose main motivation is to secure a livelihood for his daughter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9affe046dab904020747d9f5494e22ba", "text": "Theme (narrative) In contemporary literary studies , a theme is the central topic a text treats . Themes can be divided into two categories : a work 's thematic concept is what readers `` think the work is about '' and its thematic statement being `` what the work says about the subject '' . The most common contemporary understanding of theme is an idea or point that is central to a story , which can often be summed in a single word ( e.g. love , death , betrayal ) . Typical examples of themes of this type are conflict between the individual and society ; coming of age ; humans in conflict with technology ; nostalgia ; and the dangers of unchecked ambition . A theme may be exemplified by the actions , utterances , or thoughts of a character in a novel . An example of this would be the thematic idea of loneliness in John Steinbeck 's Of Mice and Men , wherein many of the characters seem to be lonely . It may differ from the thesis -- the text 's or author 's implied worldview . A story may have several themes . Themes often explore historically common or cross-culturally recognizable ideas , such as ethical questions , and are usually implied rather than stated explicitly . An example of this would be whether one should live a seemingly better life , at the price of giving up parts of one 's humanity , which is a theme in Aldous Huxley 's Brave New World . Along with plot , character , setting , and style , theme is considered one of the components of fiction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12b9d8a2f628bf140a6f97f982db24e3", "text": "Planet of the Damned Planet of the Damned is a 1962 novel by American science fiction writer Harry Harrison . It was serialised in 1961 under the title Sense of Obligation and published under that name in 1967 . It was nominated for the Hugo Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36c787b04bafda116791fe8615a3e3a7", "text": "Journey to Venus Journey to Venus the Primeval World ; Its Wonderful Creations and Gigantic Monsters is an 1895 science fiction novel written by Gustavus W. Pope . The book was a sequel to Pope 's novel of the previous year , Journey to Mars . The Venus volume features the same hero and heroine , Lt. Frederick Hamilton , USN , and his love interest the Martian princess Suhlamia . They travel to Venus on a Martian `` ethervolt '' spacecraft . The publisher promoted the book as `` full of exciting adventures , hairbreadth escapes , and perilous vicissitudes , among primeval monsters and semi-human creatures , the episodes following each other in such breathless succession that the interest of the reader never flags . '' Modern critics have noted the book largely for its depiction of giant dinosaur-like Venusian beasts . Pope 's pair of novels on Mars and Venus ( volumes in a projected Romances of the Planets series that the author never continued ) were precursors of popular planetary adventure novels of the twentieth century by Edgar Rice Burroughs , Otis Adelbert Kline , and other writers . The original edition of Journey to Venus from Arena Publishing Co. featured sixteen illustrations by `` Miss Fairfax and Mrs. McAuley . '' The ensuing `` paper-covered '' edition reduced the illustrations to three . After the 1896 bankruptcy of Arena Publishing , Journey to Venus was reprinted in 1897 by the New York firm F. T. Neely , with the reduced number of three illustrations .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d1da3a63251cef9fd68fa6f18981c6de	Grace Kelly did not work with Alfred Hitchcock.	[ { "docid": "4c115081d911e3ec71896b4dab102763", "text": "Rear Window Rear Window is a 1954 American Technicolor mystery thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock and written by John Michael Hayes based on Cornell Woolrich 's 1942 short story `` It Had to Be Murder '' . Originally released by Paramount Pictures , the film stars James Stewart , Grace Kelly , Wendell Corey , Thelma Ritter and Raymond Burr . It was screened at the 1954 Venice Film Festival . The film is considered by many filmgoers , critics and scholars to be one of Hitchcock 's best and one of the greatest movies ever made . The film received four Academy Award nominations and was ranked No. 42 on AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list and No. 48 on the 10th-anniversary edition . In 1997 , Rear Window was added to the United States National Film Registry in the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f08caa53a645793109d17b27e3426dcd", "text": "Grace Kelly Grace Patricia Kelly ( November 12 , 1929September 14 , 1982 ) was an American actress who became Princess of Monaco after marrying Prince Rainier III , in April 1956 . After embarking on an acting career in 1950 , at age 20 , Kelly appeared in New York City theatrical productions and more than 40 episodes of live drama productions broadcast during the early 1950s Golden Age of Television . In October 1953 , she gained stardom from her performance in the film Mogambo , which won her a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination in 1954 . Subsequently , she had leading roles in five films , including The Country Girl ( 1954 ) , for which her deglamorized performance earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress . Other films include High Noon ( 1952 ) with Gary Cooper , Dial M for Murder ( 1954 ) with Ray Milland , Rear Window ( 1954 ) with James Stewart , To Catch a Thief ( 1955 ) with Cary Grant , and High Society ( 1956 ) with Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby . Kelly retired from acting at the age of 26 to marry Rainier and began her duties as Princess of Monaco . They had three children : Caroline , Albert II , and Stéphanie . Kelly retained her American roots , maintaining dual U.S. and Monégasque citizenship . She died on September 14 , 1982 , a day after suffering a stroke while driving her car , which caused a crash .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8ac835e2dd395d8b22f32faa448b4f95", "text": "Nora Kelly (writer) Nora Kelly ( born August 29 , 1945 ) is an American-born Canadian writer who mainly writes mystery fiction . She was born in Paterson , New Jersey and grew up in New Jersey . Kelly lived in New York City , London , Cambridge and Nairobi before settling in Vancouver . She received a bachelor 's degree from the University of British Columbia and a PhD in history from Simon Fraser University . Kelly also studied at the University of Cambridge . She received the Arthur Ellis Award in 1999 for her novel Old Wounds , featuring academic sleuth Gillian Adams who also appears in other mystery novels by Kelly . She also published Quest for a Profession : The History of the Vancouver General Hospital School of Nursing in 1973 . Kelly , who lives in the Vancouver neighbourhood of Strathcona , was the founding president of City Opera Vancouver . She has also been an associate producer for the opera company and has written a libretto .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6cc9191fb4cd1d045548447a0feabc1", "text": "Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho is a non-fiction book by Stephen Rebello . It details the creation of director Alfred Hitchcock 's 1960 thriller Psycho The book was first published in April 15 , 1990 by Dembner Books , and distributed by W. W. Norton and Company . Stephen Rebello researched the film thoroughly through Hitchcock 's personal records and archives and he interviewed virtually every surviving cast and crew member . Prior to the book 's publication , Rebello 's initial research appeared as a 22-page article in the April 1986 issue of Cinefantastique magazine entitled `` Psycho : The Making of Alfred Hitchcock 's Masterpiece '' . That research was expanded for the book version .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc8a638b4a0b223a88df3d6ce69829bf", "text": "Peter Grace (sound engineer) Peter Grace is an Australian production sound mixer . He is best known for his work on critically acclaimed war-drama film Hacksaw Ridge ( 2016 ) for which he received the Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing at the 89th Academy Awards , sharing with Robert Mackenzie , Kevin O'Connell and Andy Wright .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e87988333542719ac7102a0f7104bbf1", "text": "The World of Alfred Hitchcock The World of Alfred Hitchcock is a 1976 Danish T.V. documentary directed by Annett Wolf , about the English film director Alfred Hitchcock . Shot after the completion of Family Plot , it was part of a series of films she made in Hollywood during the one year leave of absence she took from DR ( broadcaster )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "015e28c8c4dc39858fae3737288827d1", "text": "Not as a Stranger Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson . The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular , topping that year 's list of bestselling novels in the United States . The film was Kramer 's directorial debut and featured Olivia de Havilland and Robert Mitchum in the lead roles , backed by a stellar supporting cast including Frank Sinatra , Gloria Grahame , Broderick Crawford , Charles Bickford , Lon Chaney , Jr. , Harry Morgan , and Lee Marvin . The film was released by United Artists . Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel , From Here to Eternity , two years earlier . Initially a minor box office success , Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today , never receiving widespread distribution on home video . It was first released on DVD in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "815e4b44ea6d51def3a7ed57f946795b", "text": "Charlie Grace (TV series) Charlie Grace is an American crime drama that aired from September 14 , 1995 to October 19 , 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f93ef04690f05da01bc6efe4af30b75c", "text": "The Wrong Man The Wrong Man is a 1956 American docudrama film directed by Alfred Hitchcock and starring Henry Fonda and Vera Miles . The film was drawn from the true story of an innocent man charged with a crime , as described in the book The True Story of Christopher Emmanuel Balestrero by Maxwell Anderson and in the magazine article `` A Case of Identity '' ( Life magazine , June 29 , 1953 ) by Herbert Brean . It is one of the few Hitchcock films based on a true story and whose plot closely follows the real-life events . The Wrong Man had a notable effect on two significant directors : it prompted Jean-Luc Godard 's longest piece of written criticism in his years as a critic , and it has been cited as an influence on Martin Scorsese 's Taxi Driver .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa3889ad61653b3d38107f1c417cb22d", "text": "Saving Grace (1998 film) Saving Grace is a 1998 film produced in New Zealand based on a play by Duncan Sarkies . It was directed by Costa Botes and stars Kirsty Hamilton and Jim Moriarty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe915d5c64eaff500db2255d477040b1", "text": "Alex Kelly Alex Kelly may refer to : Alex Kelly ( rapist ) ( born 1967 ) , American convicted rapist from Connecticut Alex Kelly ( The O.C. ) , fictional character played by Olivia Wilde in the U.S. television series The O.C. Alex Kelly ( rugby union ) ( c. 1871 -- c. 1913 ) , Australian rugby union player Alex Kelly ( filmmaker ) , filmmaker", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550222d683405ae5aca417980e62a6cb", "text": "The Country Girl (1954 film) The Country Girl is a 1954 American drama film directed by George Seaton and starring Bing Crosby , Grace Kelly , and William Holden . Adapted by George Seaton from Clifford Odets ' 1950 play of the same name , the film is about an alcoholic has-been actor struggling with the one last chance he 's been given to resurrect his career . Seaton won the Academy Award for Best Writing , Adapted Screenplay . It was entered in the 1955 Cannes Film Festival . Kelly won the Oscar for Best Actress for the role , which previously had earned Uta Hagen her first Tony Award in the play 's original Broadway production . The role , a non-glamorous departure for Kelly , was as the alcoholic actor 's long-suffering wife . The win was a huge surprise , as most critics and people in the press felt that Judy Garland would win for A Star Is Born . NBC even sent a camera crew to Garland 's hospital room , where she was recuperating from the birth of her son , in order to conduct a live interview with her if she won . The win by Kelly instead famously prompted Groucho Marx to send Garland a telegram stating it was `` the biggest robbery since Brinks . '' Given the period of its production , the film is notable for its realistic , frank dialogue and honest treatments of the surreptitious side of alcoholism and post-divorce misogyny .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "462399f3c4cc379ef2af1b5d5365cf85", "text": "The Unsuspected The Unsuspected is a 1947 American black-and-white film noir directed by Michael Curtiz , and starring Claude Rains , Audrey Totter , Ted North , Constance Bennett , and Joan Caulfield . The film was based on the novel written by Charlotte Armstrong . The screenplay was co-written by Bess Meredyth , who was married to director Curtiz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b61d45ca2bbd4d65c240033331ae3d06", "text": "The Lady Vanishes (1979 film) The Lady Vanishes is a 1979 English comedy mystery film directed by Anthony Page . Its screenplay by George Axelrod was based on the novel The Wheel Spins by Ethel Lina White ( 1876 -- 1944 ) . It stars Elliott Gould as Robert , Cybill Shepherd as Amanda ( Iris ) , Angela Lansbury as Miss Froy , Herbert Lom , Arthur Lowe and Ian Carmichael as Charters and Caldicott . The film is a remake of Alfred Hitchcock 's 1938 film of the same name . The film follows two Americans travelling by train across 1938 Germany . Together , they investigate the mysterious disappearance of an English nanny also travelling on the train . The setting of the remake is essentially similar to Hitchcock 's film , but is openly set in pre-Second World War Germany rather than in the original fictional country . The Austrian fountain of Oberdrauburg by Hellmuth Marx is part of the setting . In addition , both leads have their nationality changed from English to American . The film was the last film made by Hammer Films for 29 years , until the 2008 film Beyond the Rave .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd4260e6ddd7f58de487c59125ffa13e", "text": "Alma Reville Alma Lucy Reville , Lady Hitchcock ( 14 August 1899 -- 6 July 1982 ) , was an English-American screenwriter and editor , best known for her work with Alfred Hitchcock , whom she married in December 1926 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d76801fbfc5699ac48dc67c08e57da26", "text": "A Look at Monaco (album) A Look at Monaco is a 1963 soundtrack album by Percy Faith and performed by the Orchestre National de l'Opera de Monte Carlo for the CBS television special and documentary A Look at Monaco . The film featured a tour of the principal sites of Monaco conducted by the former American actress Grace Kelly , who had become the Princess Consort of Monaco following her 1956 marriage to Rainier III , Prince of Monaco . Grace 's narration from the film is featured on the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6298f178a3a77db91a45a8a1ba4247ad", "text": "Alfred Hitchcock filmography Alfred Hitchcock ( 1899 -- 1980 ) was an English director and filmmaker . Popularly known as the `` Master of Suspense '' for his use of innovative film techniques in thrillers , Hitchcock started his career in the British film industry as a title designer and art director for a number of silent films during the early 1920s . His directorial debut was the 1925 release The Pleasure Garden . Hitchcock followed this with The Lodger : A Story of the London Fog , his first commercial and critical success . It featured many of the thematic elements his films would be known for such as an innocent man on the run . It also featured the first of his famous cameo appearances . Two years later he directed Blackmail ( 1929 ) which was his first sound film . In 1935 Hitchcock directed The 39 Steps . Three years later he directed The Lady Vanishes starring Margaret Lockwood , and Michael Redgrave . In 1940 Hitchcock transitioned to Hollywood productions , the first of which was the psychological thriller Rebecca starring Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine . He received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director , and the film won Best Picture . Hitchcock worked with Fontaine again the following year on the film Suspicion which also starred Cary Grant . In 1943 Hitchcock directed another psychological thriller Shadow of a Doubt which starred Teresa Wright and Joseph Cotten . Three years later he reunited with Grant on Notorious which also starred Ingrid Bergman . The film included a three minute intermittent kissing scene between the leads shot specifically to skirt the Motion Picture Production Code which at the time limited such scenes to three seconds . In 1948 Hitchcock directed Rope which starred James Stewart . The film was his first in Technicolor and is remembered for its use of long takes to make the film appear to be a single continuous shot . Three years later he directed Strangers on a Train ( 1951 ) . Hitchcock collaborated with Grace Kelly on three films : Dial M for Murder ( 1954 ) , Rear Window ( 1954 ) and To Catch a Thief ( 1955 ) . For Rear Window , Hitchcock received a nomination for Best Director at the Academy Awards . 1955 marked his debut on television as the host of the anthology television series Alfred Hitchcock Presents which he also produced . In 1958 Hitchcock directed the psychological thriller Vertigo starring Stewart and Kim Novak . The film topped the 2012 poll of the British film magazine Sight & Sound of the 50 Greatest Films of All Time and also topped the American Film Institute 's Top Ten in the mystery genre . He followed this with the spy thriller North by Northwest ( 1959 ) which starred Grant and Eva Marie Saint . In 1960 he directed Psycho , the biggest commercial success of his career and for which he received his fifth nomination for Best Director at the Academy Awards . Three years later he directed horror film The Birds starring Tippi Hedren . The following year he reunited with Hedren on the film Marnie which also starred Sean Connery . In recognition of his career , Hitchcock garnered the British Academy of Film and Television Arts ( BAFTA ) Fellowship Award , the American Film Institute 's Life Achievement Award , the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award , the Directors Guild of America 's Lifetime Achievement Award and the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award . He received two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame to acknowledge his film and television achievements . In 1980 Hitchcock received a knighthood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8697ac1824b38fd8bbdf46848220071f", "text": "Beauty and the Rogue Beauty and the Rogue is a 1918 American silent comedy crime drama film directed by Henry King . It was the first film to feature Mary Miles Minter in a dual role . It is not known whether the film currently survives , which suggests that it is a lost film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce22f8b7ccaef63cb5b3e74d6deddfa9", "text": "Our Day Our Day is a silent documentary short directed by Wallace Kelly in 1938 , about a day in the life of the Kelly family in Lebanon , Kentucky . It starred his mother , wife , brother , pet dog , and Wallace himself . The film countered the contemporary stereotypes of impoverished Southerners eking out a living during the Depression , by documenting a modern home inhabited by adults with sophisticated interests . Our Day was selected for the National Film Registry by the Librarian of Congress in 2007 as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a9ce35902ed49539968992dd850c45d", "text": "Kelly Greyson Kelly Greyson is an American actress and producer . She is best known as the lead role in the movie Alone yet Not Alone . She was also an associate producer on the movie Max Rose starring Jerry Lewis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33698854203a3043d8fb4f23700c89e3", "text": "Prestige (film) Prestige is a 1932 American Pre-Code drama film directed by Tay Garnett and written by Tay Garnett , Rollo Lloyd and Francis Edward Faragoh . The film stars Ann Harding , Adolphe Menjou , Melvyn Douglas and Guy Bates Post . The film was released on January 22 , 1932 , by RKO Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b90ddee4090e4335476c8f58f52ad359", "text": "Grace Henderson Grace Henderson ( January 1861 -- October 30 , 1944 ) was a stage actress and prolific performer in silent motion pictures . She made her professional debut at McKiver 's Theatre in Chicago in 1877 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
db306ca1764aeae807febbf25c21e467	Bill Clinton served a term in office.	[ { "docid": "49505076d127a840711aa765677a8179", "text": "Bill Clinton William Jefferson Clinton ( born August 19 , 1946 ) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 . Prior to the Presidency he was the 40th Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and the state 's 42nd Governor from 1983 to 1992 . Before that , he served as Arkansas Attorney General from 1977 to 1979 . A member of the Democratic Party , Clinton was ideologically a New Democrat , and many of his policies reflected a centrist `` Third Way '' political philosophy . Clinton was born and raised in Arkansas and is an alumnus of Georgetown University , where he was a member of Kappa Kappa Psi and the Phi Beta Kappa Society ; he earned a Rhodes Scholarship to attend the University of Oxford . Clinton is married to Hillary Rodham Clinton , who served as United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 and U.S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009 , and was the Democratic nominee for President in 2016 . Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham both earned degrees from Yale Law School , where they met and began dating . As Governor of Arkansas , Clinton overhauled the state 's education system and served as chairman of the National Governors Association . Clinton was elected President of the United States in 1992 , defeating incumbent Republican opponent George H. W. Bush . At age 46 , he became the third-youngest president ( behind Theodore Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy ) and the first from the Baby Boomer generation . Clinton presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history and signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement . After failing to pass national health care reform , the Democratic House was ousted when the Republican Party won control of the Congress in 1994 , for the first time in 40 years . Two years later , in 1996 , Clinton became the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to be elected to a second term . Clinton passed welfare reform and the State Children 's Health Insurance Program , as well as financial deregulation measures , including the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 . In 1998 , Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives for perjury before a grand jury and obstruction of justice during a lawsuit against him , both related to a scandal involving White House ( and later Department of Defense ) employee Monica Lewinsky . Clinton was acquitted by the U.S. Senate in 1999 and served his complete term of office . The Congressional Budget Office reported a budget surplus between the years 1998 and 2000 , the last three years of Clinton 's presidency . In foreign policy , Clinton ordered U.S. military intervention in the Bosnian and Kosovo wars , signed the Iraq Liberation Act in opposition to Saddam Hussein , and participated in the 2000 Camp David Summit to advance the Israeli -- Palestinian peace process . Clinton left office with the highest end-of-office approval rating of any U.S. President since World War II . Since then , Clinton has been involved in public speaking and humanitarian work . He created the William J. Clinton Foundation to address international causes , such as the prevention of AIDS and global warming . In 2004 , Clinton published his autobiography , My Life . He has remained active in politics by campaigning for Democratic candidates , including his wife 's campaigns for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2008 and 2016 , and Barack Obama 's presidential campaigns in 2008 and 2012 . In 2009 , Clinton was named the United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti , and after the 2010 Haiti earthquake , Clinton teamed with George W. Bush to form the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund . Since leaving office , Clinton has been rated highly in public opinion polls of U.S. Presidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34a462ffbb8da4257490d39872408973", "text": "My Life (Bill Clinton autobiography) My Life is a 2004 autobiography written by former President of the United States Bill Clinton , who left office on January 20 , 2001 . It was released on June 22 , 2004 . The book was published by the Knopf Publishing Group and became a bestseller ; the book sold in excess of 2,250,000 copies . Clinton had received what was at the time the world 's highest book advance fee , $ 15 million ( equivalent to $ million in ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d96379bd7c8b4da52555e1a589708882", "text": "Clinton Foundation The Clinton Foundation ( founded in 1997 as the William J. Clinton Foundation ) , and from 2013 to 2015 , briefly renamed the Bill , Hillary & Chelsea Clinton Foundation ) is a non-profit organization under section 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) of the U.S. tax code . It was established by former President of the United States Bill Clinton with the stated mission to `` strengthen the capacity of people in the United States and throughout the world to meet the challenges of global interdependence . '' Its offices are located in New York City and Little Rock , Arkansas . Through 2016 the foundation had raised an estimated $ 2 billion from U.S. corporations , foreign governments and corporations , political donors , and various other groups and individuals . The acceptance of funds from wealthy donors has been a source of controversy . The foundation `` has won accolades from philanthropy experts and has drawn bipartisan support '' . Charitable grants are not a major focus of the Clinton Foundation , which instead uses most of its money to carry out its own humanitarian programs . This foundation is a public organization to which anyone may donate and is distinct from the Clinton Family Foundation , a private organization for personal Clinton family philanthropy . According to the Foundation 's website , neither Bill Clinton nor his daughter , Chelsea Clinton ( both are members of the governing board ) , draws any salary or receives any income from the Foundation . When Hillary Clinton was a board member she , too , received no income from the Foundation .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4e0c1f26cdab6ea662ffbc23e07aa96e", "text": "Sentencing Act of 1987 The Sentencing Act of 1987 ( Pub.L . 100-182 ) enacted some changes to the federal sentencing regime in the United States . The legislation amended to permit expressly departures based on circumstances of an exceptional `` kind '' or `` degree . '' The insertion of this new language was described by the manager of the House bill , Representative John Conyers , as `` clarifying '' in nature because it simply made explicit in the law that which was previously described in the Senate Committee Report as implicit and intended . There is evidence that under the new regime , sentences may not have increased as much as expected : although the average prison term for trial sentences increases post‐reforms , there is no systematic increase in the average length of the pleas . Additionally , the law abolished parole for federal prisoners and created the United States Sentencing Commission . The commission makes the guidelines used by federal judges when sentencing people convicted of a federal crime . The bill was introduced by Senator Joseph Biden on October 27 , 1987 . It was signed into law on December 7 , 1987 , by President Ronald Reagan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf8eda251e0d6dfccb7c7a00d9ecd3e7", "text": "The Clinton Centre The Clinton Centre is situated on the site of the Remembrance Day bombing on 8 November 1987 in Enniskillen , County Fermanagh , Northern Ireland when the Provisional Irish Republican Army killed 12 and injured 63 with a time bomb . Former President of the United States of America Bill Clinton gave his name to the facility in dedication to peace and prosperity in Ireland and around the world and has visited the site three times along with his wife , Hillary Clinton . The Centre houses a fully equipped conference floor , a restaurant , internet cafe and Art Gallery . Hostelling International Northern Ireland withdrew from operating The Bridges Youth Hostel within the Clinton Centre in December 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f23926556ef5ffa1249bf3605679f8f5", "text": "United States presidential election in Louisiana, 2000 The 2000 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 7 , 2000 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2000 United States presidential election . Voters chose 9 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Louisiana was won by Governor George W. Bush , a dramatic swing from the statewide results in 1996 when Democrat President Bill Clinton carried the state with 52 % of the vote and with a double digit margin of victory . Bush was the first Republican to carry the state since 1988 . Bush won most of the counties and congressional districts in the state . Bush dominated among the rural areas of the state . The only congressional district Gore won was the second district , which represents the very urban area of New Orleans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf899940b5b4e5c00ccec8e14dfbd99f", "text": "List of Presidents of the United States who were Freemasons Of the 44 people who have been President of the United States , roughly one-third ( 14 , or by some counts 15 * ) were Freemasons . Along with the presidents listed below , Lyndon Johnson had been initiated into the 1st Degree of Freemasonry ( an `` Entered Apprentice '' ) but did not advance any further and did not become a full member of his lodge , Ronald Reagan was made an honorary Freemason , and Bill Clinton as a youth was a member of the Order of DeMolay . * - Because of LBJ 's initiation into the fraternal organization , many lists of Freemason Presidents include him , with a total of 15 . ( It can also be noted that some historians state that David Rice Atchison , member of Platte Lodge No. 56 , Mo , served as `` Ex-officio president '' for one day : March 4 , 1849 . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ec69f76f862c9b38e890e8e962e56ca", "text": "Modern liberalism in the United States Modern American liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States . It is characterized by social liberalism , and combines ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice and a mixed economy . The term `` modern liberalism '' in this article refers only to the United States . In a global context , this philosophy is usually referred to as social liberalism . The American modern liberal philosophy strongly endorses public spending on programs such as education , health care , and welfare . Important social issues today include addressing inequality , voting rights for minorities , affirmative action , reproductive and other women 's rights , support for LGBT rights , and immigration reform . Modern liberalism took shape during the twentieth century , with roots in Theodore Roosevelt 's New Nationalism , Woodrow Wilson 's New Freedom , Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal , Harry S. Truman 's Fair Deal , John F. Kennedy 's New Frontier , and Lyndon B. Johnson 's Great Society . American liberals oppose conservatives on most issues , but not all . Modern liberalism is historically related to social liberalism and progressivism , though the current relationship between liberal and progressive viewpoints is debated . John F. Kennedy defined a liberal as follows : Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1941 defined a liberal party as one , Keynesian economic theory has played an important role in the economic philosophy of modern American liberals . Modern American liberals generally believe that national prosperity requires government management of the macroeconomy , in order to keep unemployment low , inflation in check , and growth high . They also value institutions that defend against economic inequality . In The Conscience of a Liberal Paul Krugman writes : `` I believe in a relatively equal society , supported by institutions that limit extremes of wealth and poverty . I believe in democracy , civil liberties , and the rule of law . That makes me a liberal , and I 'm proud of it . '' Liberals often point to the widespread prosperity enjoyed under a mixed economy in the years since World War II . They believe liberty exists when access to necessities like health care and economic opportunity are available to all , and they champion the protection of the environment . Modern American liberalism is typically associated with the Democratic Party , as modern American conservatism is typically associated with the Republican Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c798ee8225f79ab7b53d30338c4c95ad", "text": "United States presidential election, 1992 The United States presidential election of 1992 was the 52nd quadrennial presidential election . It was held on Tuesday , November 3 , 1992 . There were three major candidates : Incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush , Democratic Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton , and independent Texas businessman Ross Perot . Bush had alienated much of his conservative base by breaking his 1988 campaign pledge against raising taxes . The economy was in recession and Bush 's perceived greatest strength , foreign policy , was regarded as much less important following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the relatively peaceful climate in the Middle East after the defeat of Iraq in the Gulf War . Clinton won a plurality in the popular vote , and a wide Electoral College margin . The election was a significant realigning election after three consecutive Republican landslides . Northeastern , Upper Midwest , and West Coast states which had previously been competitive began voting reliably Democratic . As of 2016 , this is the most recent election in which an incumbent president was unseated , the previous one having been the 1980 election in which Ronald Reagan unseated then-incumbent Jimmy Carter . Perot 's campaign took 18.9 % of the vote , finishing second in Maine and Utah . This was noted for being the highest vote share of a third-party candidate since 1912 , though he did not obtain any electoral votes . As of 2017 , this is the last time Georgia and Montana voted for the Democratic candidate , and the last time the state of Florida was on the losing end of the presidential election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "033a0c3f40eb1d28b96b26f66adb3cf8", "text": "United States presidential election in New York, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1980 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia , were part of the 1980 United States presidential election . New York voters chose forty one electors to the Electoral College , which voted for President and Vice President . New York was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan , in a narrow victory against President of the United States Jimmy Carter , who failed to gain reelection against Reagan . Also in the running was Independent candidate Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois , who ran in New York as the Liberal Party candidate . Reagan won the state with a plurality of 46.66 % of the vote to Carter 's 43.99 % , a margin of 2.67 % . Anderson finished in third with 7.54 % . New York 's election results reflect the Republican Party 's re-consolidation of base under what is popularly called the `` Reagan Revolution , '' which sounded various overwhelming conservative electoral victories across the United States throughout the 1980s - and most evidently against the relatively unpopular President Carter during the 1980 presidential election . New York weighed in for this election as more Democratic than the national average by about 7 % . This election is notable in that , while the highly populated regions of New York City , Buffalo , and Albany turned out for Carter , the election in the state was tipped by the majority of less-populated upstate counties , combined with heavily populated suburban counties around NYC , most of which were won by Reagan . Carter actually picked up plurality wins in 2 counties which he had lost in 1976 : Monroe County , home to the city of Rochester , and Niagara County . A major contributing factor to Reagan 's victory over Carter was the relatively strong third party showing by independent candidate John B. Anderson , a former liberal Republican congressman who garnered 8 % of the vote in the State - twice the 4 % margin by which Carter had won New York in 1976 . Running on the ballot line of New York 's Liberal Party , Anderson attracted the votes of many liberals and moderates who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the policies of the Carter Administration , thus splitting the left-leaning vote in New York State . In the heavily populated , and very liberal , 5 boroughs of New York City , Carter still won overall , and Reagan made only modest gains in vote share over Gerald Ford 's 1976 showing of 33 % , taking 37 % in the city in 1980 . However , although still winning 4 out of 5 boroughs , Carter bled a massive amount of support in the city to Anderson , dropping from 66 % in 1976 to only 55 % in 1980 . Since Democratic victories in New York State in that era depended on running up massive margins in New York City to overcome the rest of the state 's Republican lean , the reduced margin in the city from vote-splitting would prove fatal to Carter 's chances of winning the state in 1980 . While Reagan only bled about 1 % of Republican base support in the state ( winning a plurality in a 3-way-race with 46.66 % while Gerald Ford had lost the state in a two-man race with 47.52 % in 1976 ) , Carter bled nearly 8 % of his 1976 support , falling from a 51.95 % majority win in 1976 to a losing 43.99 % in 1980 , most of those lost Democratic base votes going to Anderson instead . This remains the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won Tompkins County in upstate New York , home to the college town of Ithaca , where Cornell University and Ithaca College are located . Reagan narrowly won the county with a plurality of 42 % to Carter 's 40 % , while Anderson took nearly 14 % , making it Anderson 's strongest county in the state . In 1984 , Tompkins County would vote against Reagan and in the following years it would become the most Democratic county in upstate New York , giving Barack Obama over 70 % of the vote in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b1e9ad0adbc3ed9ec081d1b10c55088", "text": "List of members of the United States House of Representatives who served a single term One-term congressmen are members of the United States House of Representatives that spent only one two-year term ( or less ) in office usually either due to death , resignation , or defeat . In some rare cases freshmen members have decided to run for another office or not run for reelection . A good many members that serve in the House for only one term are viewed as accidental congressmen due to having been elected in a fluke election or by riding in on the coattails of a popular presidential candidate . Among the most famous one-term congressmen were Abraham Lincoln , who served as a Whig in the 30th Congress of 1847-1849 and was later the 16th President of the United States ; John Marshall , who was elected as a Federalist to the 6th Congress and was later the 4th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court ; William Pennington , who served as a Republican in the 36th Congress and was the first sitting Speaker of the House to be defeated in a bid for re-election ; Joseph Pulitzer , the famed newspaper man that resigned from office during his first term ; George Sutherland , who served as a Republican in the 57th Congress and was later an associate U.S. Supreme Court justice ; and William M. `` Boss '' Tweed , who served as a Democrat to the 33rd Congress and later went on to become infamous for his leadership of Tammany Hall , the dominant political machine in New York City throughout the nineteenth century ; and Isidor Straus , the co-owner of Macy 's department store who died in the sinking of the Titanic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f57583a1204ffb9fb260591f3f75485", "text": "Hillary Clinton email controversy In March 2015 , it became publicly known that Hillary Clinton , during her tenure as United States Secretary of State , had used her family 's private email server for official communications , rather than official State Department email accounts maintained on federal servers . Those official communications included thousands of emails that would retroactively be marked classified by the State Department . The controversy unfolded against the backdrop of Clinton 's 2016 presidential election campaign and hearings held by the United States House Select Committee on Benghazi . Some experts , officials , and members of Congress have contended that her use of private messaging system software and a private server violated State Department protocols and procedures , as well as federal laws and regulations governing recordkeeping . In response , Clinton has said that her use of personal email was in compliance with federal laws and State Department regulations , and that former secretaries of state had also maintained personal email accounts , though not their own private email servers . After allegations were raised that some of the emails in question contained classified information , the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) initiated an investigation regarding the origin and handling of classified emails on Clinton 's server . The FBI Report found that some of the emails originated in five other intelligence agencies . The FBI found that all classified emails on Clinton 's server were stored and sent from `` unclassified systems '' , violating the same policies as those on Clinton 's personal server . FBI Director James Comey identified 110 emails as containing information that was classified at the time it was sent , including 65 emails deemed `` Secret '' and 22 deemed `` Top Secret '' . None of these had classification markings . However , as noted in Clinton 's non-disclosure agreement , unmarked classified information should be treated the same as marked classified information . An additional three email chains contained `` portion markings '' , simply a '' ( C ) '' indicating `` Confidential '' in front of one or more paragraphs . These were not included in Comey 's list of 110 because the State Department failed to confirm they were classified at the time they were sent . Clinton told the FBI she did not know the meaning of '' ( C ) '' . Nearly 2,100 emails on the server were retroactively marked as classified by the State Department . In May 2016 , the State Department 's Office of the Inspector General released an 83-page report about the State Department 's email practices , including Clinton 's . On July 5 , 2016 , Comey announced that the FBI 's investigation had concluded that Clinton was `` extremely careless '' in handling her email system but recommended that no charges be filed against her . On July 6 , 2016 , Attorney General Loretta Lynch announced that no charges would be filed . On July 7 , the State Department reopened its probe into the email controversy . On October 28 , 2016 , Comey notified Congress that the FBI had started looking into newly discovered emails that may be pertinent to the case . Law enforcement officials stated the emails were found on a laptop belonging to Clinton aide Huma Abedin 's husband , Anthony Weiner , during an investigation of his sexting scandals . On November 6 , Comey notified Congress that the FBI had not changed its conclusion , reached in July , regarding Clinton 's emails .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "847e8bd1d21523801f624b8dd4da567b", "text": "1996 State of the Union Address The 1996 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 104th United States Congress on January 23 , 1996 . The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Clinton 's first term . This speech occurred shortly after the federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996 which had resulted from disagreements on the 1996 United States federal budget . President Clinton discussed the economy and declared that `` the era of big government is over , '' and continued , `` but we can not go back to the time when our citizens were left to fend for themselves . We must go forward as one America , one nation working together , to meet the challenges we face together . Self-reliance and teamwork are not opposing virtues -- we must have both . '' The president discussed welfare reform , the V-chip , education , community policing , crime and the environment . The president also discussed foreign relations and the federal budget . The Republican Party response was delivered by Senator Bob Dole of Kansas . He stated that '' -LSB- President Clinton -RSB- is the chief obstacle to a balanced budget and the balanced budget amendment ... . While the President 's words speak of change , his deeds are a contradiction . President Clinton claims to embrace the future while clinging to the policies of the past . '' Donna Shalala , the Secretary of Health and Human Services , served as the designated survivor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db7d691c174d728789a65964921047db", "text": "Fifty-state strategy A fifty-state strategy is a political strategy which aims for progress in all states of the United States of America , rather than conceding certain states as `` unwinnable . '' In a presidential campaign , it is usually implemented as an appeal to a broad base of the American public in an attempt to win , even if marginally , every state , since even a marginal victory is effectively total victory for electoral purposes . It can also refer to an overall long-term strategy for a political movement such as a political party . This strategy is very ambitious and , when used for a specific election , is typically abandoned as the election day draws nearer . In the vast majority of cases , winning a state 's popular vote for president or senator -- even by a small margin -- means the state 's entire representation in the election goes to the victor without being divided . A fifty-state strategy requires a campaign to spend valuable resources in a rival 's strongest states , when those resources could instead be concentrated in swing states that will become a total win or a total loss based on only a small difference in popular votes . A president has won every state three times : in 1788 and 1792 , George Washington won all the electoral votes running effectively unopposed , and in 1820 , James Monroe , running unopposed , carried all twenty-three states in the union at that time ( although one electoral vote was cast for John Quincy Adams and two electors died prior to casting votes ) . In 1936 , Franklin D. Roosevelt carried forty-six of forty-eight states , losing only Maine and Vermont . A complete fifty-state victory has not been accomplished since the fiftieth state was admitted into the union , although Republicans have twice managed to win the presidency in forty-nine of the fifty : in 1972 with Richard Nixon losing only Massachusetts , and in 1984 with Ronald Reagan losing only his rival 's home state of Minnesota . Both also lost the District of Columbia , which has had presidential electors since the Twenty-Third Amendment in 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba7415e4b170e3e25800b03bd594eb0d", "text": "First inauguration of Bill Clinton The first inauguration of Bill Clinton as the 42nd President of the United States was held on January 20 , 1993 on the West Front of the United States Capitol Building in Washington , D.C. . The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Bill Clinton as President and Al Gore as Vice President . At of age time of his first inauguration , Clinton was the third-youngest person to become president , and the first from the Baby Boomer generation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41110c55c3ff761f51a9bb721bcbdf1f", "text": "Presidency of William McKinley The presidency of William McKinley began on March 4 , 1897 at noon Eastern Standard Time , when William McKinley was inaugurated as President of the United States , and ended on September 14 , 1901 , upon his assassination and death , days into his second term . McKinley , a Republican , was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt . The 25th United States president , he took office following the 1896 presidential election , in which he defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' , promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity , and denounced Bryan 's radicalism and class warfare . He defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . McKinley 's presidency marked the beginning of an era in American political history from the mid -- 1890s to 1932 that was generally dominated by the Republican Party . McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , took ownership of Hawaii , the Philippines and Puerto Rico , restored prosperity , promoted pluralism among all groups , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals . Rapid economic growth marked his presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation in the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but for a time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally ranked above average . Historian Lewis L. Gould argues that McKinley was effective in domestic and foreign affairs and was `` the first modern president '' :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129e9cf5d678fe17d3d655e57e026899", "text": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism . During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security . A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed . Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a73a877431559f690737da66759b7fc3", "text": "President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home National Historic Site The President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home National Historic Site is located at 117 South Hervey Street ( U.S. Route 278 ) in Hope , Arkansas . Built in 1917 by Dr. H. S. Garrett , in this house the 42nd President of the United States Bill Clinton spent the first four years of his life , having been born at Julia Chester Hospital in Hope on August 19 , 1946 . The house was owned by his grandparents , Edith Grisham and James Eldridge Cassidy , and they cared for him when his mother , Virginia , was away working as an anesthetist in New Orleans . On May 19 , 1994 , the site was added to the National Register of Historic Places ( as `` Bill Clinton Birthplace '' ) . Tours were offered by the Clinton Birthplace Foundation . In accordance with the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 ( § 7002 ) , the Secretary of the Interior accepted the property on December 14 , 2010 , establishing it as a national historic site and a unit of the National Park System . This change in status was originally proposed by Senator Mark Pryor of Arkansas . Bill Clinton and Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar formally dedicated the site on April 16 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53f27b00d10d88c30a227b3d82e16421", "text": "Unitary executive theory The unitary executive theory is a theory of American constitutional law holding that the President possesses the power to control the entire executive branch . The doctrine is rooted in Article Two of the United States Constitution , which vests `` the executive power '' of the United States in the President . Although that general principle is widely accepted , there is disagreement about the strength and scope of the doctrine . It can be said that some favor a `` strongly unitary '' executive , while others favor a `` weakly unitary '' executive . The former group argue , for example , that Congress 's power to interfere with intra-executive decision-making ( such as firing executive branch officials ) is limited , and that the President can control policy-making by all executive agencies within the limits set for those agencies by Congress . Still others agree that the Constitution requires a unitary executive , but believe this to be a bad thing , and propose its abolition by constitutional amendment . In several states , in contrast to the federal government , executive officers such as lieutenant governor , attorney general , comptroller , secretary of state and others are elected independently of the state 's governor , with Texas being one example . This type of executive structure is known as a plural executive . Another type of plural executive , used in Japan , Israel , and Sweden , though not in any U.S. state , in which a collegial body comprises the executive branch - however , that collegial body does not comprise multiple members elected in elections , but is rather more akin to the US Cabinet in formation and structure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27b516a07e60c80bacc40d9851abc89a", "text": "United States presidential election in Nebraska, 1992 The 1992 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 3 , 1992 , as part of the 1992 United States presidential election . Voters chose five representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Nebraska was won by incumbent President George H.W. Bush ( R-Texas ) with 46.58 % of the popular vote over Governor Bill Clinton ( D-Arkansas ) with 29.40 % . Businessman Ross Perot ( I-Texas ) finished in third with 23.63 % of the popular vote . Clinton ultimately won the national vote , defeating both incumbent President Bush and Perot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4475d7b2a7494593a1188209b70ad4db", "text": "United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which , along with the United States House of Representatives , the lower chamber , composes the legislature of the United States of America . The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The Senate is composed of senators who represent each of the several states , with each state being equally represented by two senators , regardless of their population , serving staggered terms of six years ; with fifty states presently in the Union , there are 100 U.S. Senators . From 1789 until 1913 , Senators were appointed by legislatures of the states they represented ; following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 , they are now popularly elected . The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol , in Washington , D.C. As the upper house , the Senate has several powers of advice and consent which are unique to it ; these include the ratification of treaties , the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries , Supreme Court justices , federal judges , other federal executive officials , flag officers , regulatory officials , ambassadors , and other federal uniformed officers . In addition to these , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for Vice President , the duty befalls upon the Senate to elect one of the top two recipients of electors for that office . It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House . The Senate is widely considered both a more deliberative and more prestigious body than the House of Representatives due to its longer terms , smaller size , and statewide constituencies , which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere . The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice President of the United States , who is President of the Senate ; in their absence , the President Pro Tempore , who is customarily the senior member of the controlling party , presides over the Senate . In the early 20th century , the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began , although they are not constitutional officers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "635e734cf5f60ce5eccf1a313bac28f6", "text": "Hillary: The Movie Hillary : The Movie is a 2008 political documentary about United States Senator and presidential candidate Hillary Clinton . It was produced by the conservative non-profit organization Citizens United . The film was scheduled to be offered as video-on-demand on cable TV right before the Democratic primaries in January 2008 , but as `` electioneering communication '' to do so was illegal under the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act which was enforced by the Federal Election Commission . The producers went to U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia to get a declaration that they could show their movie and promotional ads for it despite BCRA . This case was titled Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and its final decision at the U.S. Supreme Court resulted in a major change in campaign finance law . The documentary interviewed various conservative figures such as Dick Morris and Ann Coulter and reviewed various scandals in which Hillary Clinton purportedly participated , such as the White House travel office controversy , White House FBI files controversy , Whitewater controversy , and cattle futures controversy . The factual finding of the three-judge district court was that there was `` no reasonable interpretation -LSB- of the movie -RSB- other than as an appeal to vote against Senator Clinton '' , thus making it `` electioneering communication '' . The Supreme Court did not change that decision , but applied the strict scrutiny test for the First Amendment of the Constitution and said corporations could not be banned from making electioneering communications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8235541ae60c138dd40958afcec0221", "text": "United States presidential election in Hawaii, 1996 The 1996 United States presidential election in Hawaii took place on November 5 , 1996 as part of the 1996 United States presidential election . Voters chose 4 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Hawaii was won by President Bill Clinton ( D ) over Senator Bob Dole ( R-KS ) , with Clinton winning 56.93 % to 31.64 % by a margin of 25.29 % . Billionaire businessman Ross Perot ( Reform Party of the United States of America-TX ) finished in third with 7.6 % of the popular vote .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2e819b50c4df1bb476cb5cbcf77c52e4	There is an actor name Peter Davison.	[ { "docid": "49ad46836aa7e40011bece9f0331dda9", "text": "Peter Davison Peter Davison ( born Peter Malcolm Gordon Moffett on 13 April 1951 ) is an English actor with many credits in television dramas and sitcoms . He became famous as Tristan Farnon in the BBC 's television adaptation of James Herriot 's All Creatures Great and Small stories . His subsequent starring roles included the sitcoms Holding the Fort and Sink or Swim , the fifth incarnation of the Doctor in Doctor Who , Dr. Stephen Daker in A Very Peculiar Practice and Albert Campion in Campion . He later played David Braithwaite in At Home with the Braithwaites , `` Dangerous '' Davies in The Last Detective and Henry Sharpe in Law & Order : UK .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e2cca2fdf37d7ca4820eccab07381042", "text": "Peter Stormare Rolf Peter Ingvar Storm ( born 27 August 1953 ) , known professionally as Peter Stormare ( -LSB- ˈpeːtɛr ² stɔrːmarɛ -RSB- ) , is a Swedish actor , voice actor , theatre director , playwright , and musician . He played Gaear Grimsrud in the 1996 film Fargo , John Abruzzi in the Fox series Prison Break and Ingmar in Swedish Dicks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e021f2ee4c70b36c5b56abf8e62374c", "text": "Peter Coyote Peter Coyote ( born Robert Peter Cohon ; October 10 , 1941 ) is an American actor , author , director , screenwriter and narrator of films , theatre , television and audiobooks . His voice work includes narrating the opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics and Apple 's iPad Retina Display campaign . He has also served as on-camera co-host of the 2000 Oscar telecasts . His distinctive voice helped him win a News & Documentary Emmy Award in 1992 for narration of `` The Meiji Revolution '' episode of the PBS series The Pacific Century , as well as a Primetime Emmy Award in 2015 for Ken Burns ' documentary special The Roosevelts . He has often been compared with actor Henry Fonda . Coyote was one of the founders of the Diggers , an anarchist improv group active in Haight-Ashbury during the mid-1960s . Coyote was also an actor , writer and director with the San Francisco Mime Troupe ; his prominence in the San Francisco counterculture scene led to his being interviewed for the book Voices from the Love Generation . He acted in and directed the first cross-country tour of The Minstrel Show , and his play Olive Pits , co-authored with Mime Troupe member Peter Berg , won the troupe an Obie Award from the Village Voice . Coyote became a member , and later chairman , of the California Arts Council from 1975 to 1983 . In the late 1970s , he shifted from acting on stage to acting in films . In the 1990s and 2000s ( decade ) , he acted in several television shows . He speaks fluent Spanish and French .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "009dcc16005ba703887bc8443b2a045d", "text": "Peter Rogers (disambiguation) Peter Rogers was a film producer . Peter Rogers may also refer to : Peter Rogers ( businessman ) ( born 1947 ) , Chief Executive , Babcock International Group plc Peter Rogers ( Welsh politician ) ( born 1940 ) , Welsh Conservative politician Peter Rogers ( rugby union ) ( born 1969 ) , former Wales international rugby union player Peter Rogers ( cyclist ) ( born 1974 ) , former Australian professional road racing cyclist Pete Rogers , see 1986 British Saloon Car Championship season", "title": "" }, { "docid": "565cf7253df6b3f13c52074269b39a38", "text": "Daniel Ryan (actor) Daniel Ryan ( born 1968 as Daniel O'Brien ) is an English actor and writer . He is known for starring as Darren Alexander in the BBC drama comedy Linda Green , Andrew Gilligan in The Government Inspector , Andy Coulson in Steel River Blues and Kenny Reed in The Whistleblowers . His stage credits include Macbeth , A Midsummer Night 's Dream and Richard III . He also appeared as a man who was severely brain-damaged after drink and driving , in part of the COI 's Drinking And Driving Wrecks Lives campaign . In 2008 he appeared in Gethsemane , a new play by David Hare at the National Theatre . He also took over the role of Harry ( Sandy 's husband ) in the special reunion episodes of BBC sitcom As Time Goes By alongside Judi Dench and Geoffrey Palmer , the first actor to portray the part being David Michaels . Ryan also appeared in the 2008 Doctor Who episode `` Midnight '' . In 2010 he was very well received for his performance in Posh by Laura Wade at the Royal Court Theatre in London . As a writer , his work has been performed by the RSC and at the Edinburgh Festival . He appeared on the Teen Drama Skins as the father of the third generation character Rich Hardbeck in 2011 and 2012 . In 2014 , he appeared in Salting the Battlefield as Bill Catcheside . He is also known for playing the role of Dan in the Sky Living comedy-drama , Mount Pleasant since 2011 . In 2015 he appeared as Colonel Anthony Forbes-Leith in the BBC TV series Father Brown episode 3.9 `` The Truth in the Wine '' . He has played Welsh butcher Bryn Brindsley in the ITV war-time drama Home Fires from 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b389689866422dfdb579e0460edb65f4", "text": "Peter O'Connor Peter O'Connor may refer to : Peter O'Connor ( athlete ) ( 1872 -- 1957 ) , Irish athlete Peter O'Connor ( psychologist ) ( born 1942 ) , Australian psychotherapist Peter O'Connor ( actor ) , American actor", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5775daeffe1a14fc00be09483cbeadbd", "text": "Roger Allam Roger William Allam ( born 26 October 1953 ) is an English actor , known primarily for his stage career , although he has performed in film , television and radio . He has played Inspector Javert in the original London production of the stage musical Les Misérables , Douglas Richardson in the award-winning radio series Cabin Pressure , and DI Fred Thursday in the TV series Endeavour . He is also known for his roles as Illyrio Mopatis in the HBO series Game of Thrones and as Peter Mannion MP in The Thick Of It .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b776f8f9ed5dd9965f4a51c9cf4e074", "text": "Andrew Paul Andrew Paul ( born Paul Andrew Herman ; 17 March 1961 in Mile End , East London ) is an English actor best known for playing PC Dave Quinnan in the ITV drama The Bill for 13 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2982d0eee0e206f8a2743c3e737a0f74", "text": "An Englishman Abroad An Englishman Abroad is a 1983 BBC television drama film , based on the true story of a chance meeting of actress Coral Browne , with Guy Burgess ( Alan Bates ) , a member of the Cambridge spy ring who spied for the Soviet Union while an officer at MI6 . The production was written by Alan Bennett and directed by John Schlesinger ; Browne stars as herself . The film is set is Moscow in 1958 , after Burgess had defected to the Soviet Union in 1951 with Donald Maclean when it became apparent that Maclean was about to be investigated by British intelligence . Burgess barges into Browne 's dressing room in the interval of a touring Shakespeare Memorial Theatre ( which became one of the bases of the Royal Shakespeare Company ) production of Hamlet , in which she portrayed Gertrude , and charms her . Later on she is invited to his Moscow flat , finding it with some difficulty , to measure him for a suit that he would like ordered from his London tailor . Several plot changes were made from the true story told by Browne to Bennett . Burgess in fact threw up in the dressing room of Michael Redgrave , who asked for Browne 's help . Redgrave documented the incident in his biography . The play also contained scenes in Moscow 's British Embassy and in London shops where Browne encountered resistance to helping Burgess , none of which happened in reality . Rather than film in the Soviet Union , Schlesinger used several locations in Scotland . The Caird Hall and Whitehall Theatre in Dundee stood in for the Moscow theatre , and the grand marble staircase of Glasgow City Chambers played the part of the British Embassy . Additional filming was done at Glasgow 's St. Andrew 's Suspension Bridge ( `` luckily , in a snowstorm '' Bennett later wrote ) and the Moss Heights flats in Cardonald , which represented Burgess ' Moscow apartment . Both Browne and Bates were winners of the BAFTA awards for acting for their roles in this production . Bennett gives the date of Browne 's meeting with Burgess as 1958 in the introduction to his Single Spies , which contains the text of An Englishman Abroad in the stage play version and the text of A Question of Attribution about Anthony Blunt . The play was also adapted for radio on the BBC World Service in 1994 starring Michael Gambon as Burgess and Penelope Wilton as Coral Browne . It was subsequently re-broadcast on BBC Radio 7 and BBC Radio 4 Extra , most recently in 2013 as part of BBC Radio 4 Extra 's Cambridge Spies season . On the BFI TV 100 , a list compiled in 2000 by the British Film Institute ( BFI ) , chosen by a poll of industry professionals , to determine what were the greatest British television programmes of any genre ever to have been screened , An Englishman Abroad was listed at no. 30 on the list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b5dff9513bf01faf58e4cffc28d57ad", "text": "Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a19d592dc6bfdcc92cd8b0120eea58d", "text": "Peter Reynolds (actor) Peter Reynolds ( 16 August 1926 -- 22 April 1975 ) was a British actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2d0ef70a746c4d3a374cc98e444b9a0", "text": "David Yelland (actor) David William Yelland ( born 1947 ) is an English film , stage and television actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c0dd10c817fc76a7122dd9e53e76b6", "text": "Paul Willson Paul Lee Willson ( born December 25 , 1945 ) is an American actor , most notable for his television work . He was born in Fairmont , Minnesota , the son of Doris Geraldine and Lee Wilford Willson . Willson has played numerous guest characters on a variety of shows including Full House as Stu in episode `` Crimes and Michelle 's Demeanor '' in 1990 , Curb Your Enthusiasm , Boston Public , Caroline in the City , The Newsroom and Star Trek : Voyager . He is perhaps most famous for his repeated guest character of `` Paul Krapence '' on the television show Cheers ( which he also reprised in an episode of the Cheers spin-off , Frasier ) . His character was originally called `` Gregg '' because Paul Vaughn was already playing a character named `` Paul '' on Cheers . For five years ( 1986-1990 ) he was Garry Shandling 's neighbor `` Leonard Smith '' on It 's Garry Shandling 's Show . Willson also appeared on Garry Shandling 's The Larry Sanders Show playing Larry 's accountant , and the brother of Sid the cue card holder . He played Ed , a neighbor , in a few episodes of Malcolm in the Middle . His film appearances include The Pack ( 1977 ) , The Devonsville Terror ( 1983 ) , My Best Friend Is a Vampire ( 1987 ) , Moving ( 1988 ) , 976-EVIL ( 1988 ) , Problem Child 2 ( 1990 ) , Circuitry Man ( 1990 ) , Plughead Rewired : Circuitry Man II ( 1994 ) and the comedy film Office Space ( 1999 ) as one of `` The Bobs '' . Willson also appeared on the CBS sitcoms The King of Queens and The Big Bang Theory . He was recently in a promotional video for the Nintendo DS game Personal Trainer : Cooking with Fred Willard . Although primarily recognized for his television work , he has been noted as a `` great improv player '' by Garry Shandling as a result of their time working together doing improv in the late 1970s . Cheers producer Ken Levine has also acknowledged Willson as `` one of the greatest improv artists I have EVER seen . '' Since 2012 he has appeared in television ads for Safeco Insurance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a6cb61ddd52a9b53f12c267b60e2060", "text": "John Peter (critic) John Anthony Peter ( born 24 August 1938 ) is a Hungarian-born British theatre critic , who immigrated to Britain in 1956 . He was chief drama critic of The Sunday Times from 1984 to 2003 , and The Sunday Times contributing drama critic through to 2010 . In 1990 he founded the Ian Charleson Awards , which he directs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12cc40c78f7eb7a6a31d674779a00352", "text": "Gareth Jones (actor) Gareth Jones ( 6 June 1925 -- 30 November 1958 ) was a British actor , born in Lampeter , Wales , chiefly remembered for the circumstances of his death . During a live television broadcast of the Armchair Theatre play Underground on the ITV network in the UK on 30 November 1958 , Jones suffered a massive heart attack and died while off-camera between two of his scenes . Some contemporary news reports stated that he had suffered the heart attack while on camera , although most references claim that he was stricken while in a make-up chair , between scenes . However , actor Peter Bowles , also in the cast , recalled that `` During transmission , a little group of us was talking on camera while awaiting the arrival of Gareth Jones 's character , who had some information for us . We could see him coming up towards us , but we saw him fall . We had no idea what had happened , but he certainly was n't coming our way '' . Director Ted Kotcheff and the remaining cast were forced to improvise to carry the play to its conclusion , with producer Sydney Newman ordering Kotcheff to `` shoot it like a football match '' . Coincidentally , Jones 's character was to have suffered a heart attack during the play . Jones had appeared in three other Armchair Theatre plays in 1958 - `` Noon On Doomsday '' ( 6 July 1958 ) , `` Trial By Candlelight '' ( 22 June 1958 ) , and `` Miss Olive '' ( 6 April 1958 ) . Other TV appearances included the ITV Television Playhouse production of `` Thunder On Sycamore Street '' ( 11 October 1957 ) , the BBC Television adaptation of Under Milk Wood ( 9 May 1957 ) , the BBC series `` Onion Boys '' ( 1957 ) , and `` A Tale Of Two Cities '' ( 1957 ) . He earlier appeared in Dundee Repertory Theatre plays including `` Petticoat Influence '' ( 1952 ) , The Beaver Coat ( 1952 ) , `` The Hollow Crown '' ( 1952 ) , `` The Queen 's Husband '' ( 1952 ) , `` Young Madame Conti '' ( 1952 ) , and The Lark ( 1955 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c27f6ed70989e873a6705de08b4111c", "text": "Peter-Hugo Daly Peter-Hugo Daly ( born 1956 in Islington , London ) is an actor and musician . In the late 1970s and early 1980s , he was a member of new wave band the Cross along with fellow actor Phil Daniels . The band released a 1979 single , `` Kill Another Night '' , on RCA Records . In 1980 , Daly appeared with Daniels as drummer Mick `` Lethal '' in the Hazel O'Connor film Breaking Glass . Extensive television appearances include Minder , Bergerac , The Bill , Foyle 's War , Martin Chuzzlewit , Silent Witness , New Tricks , Midsomer Murders , Between the Lines , Little Dorrit , The History Man , Lark Rise to Candleford , Alan Bleasdale 's G.B.H. and as Dave Morris in McLibel ! . He appeared in two of the Sharpe television films : Sharpe 's Gold ( 1995 ) and Sharpe 's Challenge ( 2006 ) . Film appearances include Julian Temple 's Absolute Beginners , Martin Scorsese 's Gangs of New York , Woody Allen 's Cassandra 's Dream and Made in Dagenham . Theatre credits include Strawberry Fields at Royal National Theatre , Crass in The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists , Saved at Royal Court Theatre and Class Enemy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e557cee273d38e52b07c3dd30025f1d9", "text": "Peter Bayliss Peter Bayliss ( 27 June 1922 -- 29 July 2002 ) was an English actor . Bayliss was born in Kingston upon Thames and trained at the Italia Conti Academy and the John Gielgud Company . More than six feet tall , with a voice to match , he supplemented it with a barrage of wheezings , croakings , mutterings and , as the opera singer in Frontiers of Farce ( Old Vic , 1977 ) , garglings . In 1956 he appeared on stage in `` The Matchmaker '' at the Royale Theatre in New York and in 1960 he appeared in `` Ross '' at the Royal Haymarket Theatre in London . His 20 films ranged from The Red Shoes ( 1948 ) to Darling ( 1965 ) . He acted in more than 40 television productions including Please Sir ! , The Sweeney , Coronation Street , Lovejoy and The Bill , plus dramas like Bye , Bye Columbus ( 1990 ) , Merlin ( 1998 ) and The Arabian Nights ( 1999 ) . On radio he was particularly good in Jacobean adaptations , playing characters with names such as Sir Moth-Interest and Walter Whorehound . He appeared in more than 100 theater productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e987da0f54823c7193e28aec6d092b1e", "text": "Peter North (actor) Peter North ( born Alden Joseph Brown on 11 May 1957 ) is a Canadian pornographic actor , director , dancer and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4741e48d64bf147aec586b59d9e05cf8", "text": "Peter Whitford Peter Whitford ( born 1939 ) is an Australian radio , theatre , film and television character actor . Known for numerous roles particularly as wealthy businessmen and members of the aristocracy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71ec6f4d6faa2b1f0d754750777e53b7", "text": "Michael Craig (actor) Michael Francis Gregson ( born 27 January 1928 ) , known professionally as Michael Craig , is a British actor and scriptwriter , known for his work in theatre , film and television both in the United Kingdom and Australia .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f9caae584a93d8f61afac683bb5e3c82	Troy Baker was the rhythm guitarist for Tripp Fontaine.	[ { "docid": "826d9b6f83d0ce0cacfd808293b79e70", "text": "Troy Baker Troy Edward Baker ( born April 1 , 1976 ) is an American voice actor and musician known for portraying lead characters in several video games . He has voiced Joel in The Last of Us , Booker DeWitt in BioShock Infinite , Rhys in Tales from the Borderlands , Delsin Rowe in Infamous Second Son , The Joker in Batman : Arkham Origins and Batman : Assault on Arkham , Talion in Middle-earth : Shadow of Mordor , Kai Leng in Mass Effect 3 , Jack Mitchell in Call of Duty : Advanced Warfare , Vincent Brooks in Catherine , Yuri Lowell in Tales of Vesperia , Kanji Tatsumi in Shin Megami Tensei : Persona 4 , Snow in the Final Fantasy XIII series , Pagan Min in Far Cry 4 , Gul ` dan in World of Warcraft : Warlords of Draenor , Sam Drake in Uncharted 4 : A Thief 's End and Bruce Wayne in Batman : The Telltale Series . He also voiced in a number of English adaptations of Japanese anime shows , including Basilisk , Trinity Blood , Fullmetal Alchemist , and Naruto : Shippuden . Before pursuing acting , Baker was the lead singer and rhythm guitarist for the indie-rock band Tripp Fontaine , which released the radio single `` Burning Out '' from their debut album Random Thoughts on a Paper Napkin in 2004 . His first solo album , Sitting in the Fire , was released on October 14 , 2014 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9acdffed3002639ed08508de2f8d0e31", "text": "Boys Brigade (band) Boys Brigade was a Canadian new wave band formed in 1981 in Toronto . The band consisted of vocalist and keyboardist Malcolm Burn , guitarist and vocalist Tony Lester , bass guitarist Wayne Lorenz , drummer Billie Brock and percussionists and backup vocalists David Porter and Jeff Packer . The nucleus of Boys Brigade grew out of Toronto punk band , Arson , which broke up when lead singer and songwriter Rude Van Steenes quit in 1981 . Boys Brigade was originally booked by Raymond Perkins ( Roots , Demics ) . The band played an eclectic collection of venues in Toronto , many of which were not known for live music at the time , including the now popular Rex Hotel and the more famous Drake Hotel . Part of the Queen Street West scene , the band 's song `` Mannequin '' appeared on Q107 's annual compilation album of local bands , Homegrown , in 1981 . Howard Ungerleider , the lighting designer for Rush , signed a management agreement with the band that year , that was later signed over to Ray Danniels ' SRO . Geddy Lee was enlisted to produce the band 's self-titled debut album in 1983 . Engineered by Nick Blagona ( Rolling Stones ) , the sessions were stretched over six months , to accommodate Geddy 's touring schedules . The band 's first single from that album , `` The Passion of Love '' , was moderately successful . `` Melody '' , the follow-up single , was a Top 40 hit in Canada , and `` bubbled under '' on Billboard 's US charts , peaking at No. 104 . `` Into the Flow '' appeared on the soundtrack to the Canadian film Heavenly Bodies starring Cynthia Dale the following year . An exceptional live performance of the band for the King Biscuit Flower Hour can be heard on Wolfgang 's Vault . However , internal tensions led the band to break up before releasing another album . Burn went on to a solo career , and is a Grammy Award winning record producer . Tones has written and produced six independent CDs to date . The first of his solo work was released in January 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b2414f1c76880f954bc63bc845252e9", "text": "Napoleon Murphy Brock Napoleon Murphy Brock ( born June 7 , 1945 ) is an American singer , saxophonist and flute player who is best known for his work with Frank Zappa in the 1970s , including the albums Apostrophe , Roxy & Elsewhere , One Size Fits All , and Bongo Fury . He contributed notable vocal performances to the Zappa songs `` Village of the Sun , '' `` Cheepnis , '' and `` Florentine Pogen . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ff7f4dfb5ab53730a5464f517b31d6f", "text": "Let It Burn LP Let It Burn is a studio album by Canadian dubstep producer and artist Troy Beetles , better known as Datsik . It was released digitally on September 24 , 2013 in the United States through his own label Firepower Records . It is the sequel release to the Cold Blooded EP , which was released on January 22 , 2013 . A remix EP for the track `` Hold It Down '' ( featuring Georgia Murray ) was released on April 15 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45c5137321261d9e13cd95e610d6d93c", "text": "Cake (band) Cake ( stylized CAKE ) is an American alternative rock band from Sacramento , California . Consisting of singer John McCrea , trumpeter Vince DiFiore , guitarist Xan McCurdy , bassist Gabe Nelson and drummer Paulo Baldi , the band has been noted for McCrea 's sarcastic lyrics and monotone vocals , DiFiore 's trumpet parts , and their wide-ranging musical influences , including country music , Mariachi , rock , funk , Iranian folk music and hip hop . Cake was formed in 1991 by McCrea , DiFiore , Greg Brown , Frank French and Shon Meckfessel , who soon left and was replaced by Nelson . Following the self-release of its debut album , Motorcade of Generosity , the band was signed to Capricorn Records in 1995 and released its first single , `` Rock 'n' Roll Lifestyle '' , which hit number 35 on the Modern Rock Tracks music chart and was featured on MTV 's 120 Minutes ; French and Nelson then left the band , and were replaced by Todd Roper and Victor Damiani . Cake 's second album , 1996 's Fashion Nugget , went platinum on the strength of its lead single , `` The Distance '' . Following a tour of Europe and the United States , both Brown and Damiani announced they were leaving Cake , which led to speculation about the band 's future ; McCrea eventually recruited Xan McCurdy to take over on guitar , and persuaded Nelson to return . Prolonging the Magic , the band 's third album , was released in 1998 and went platinum , having shipped over one million units ; this was followed three years later by Comfort Eagle , the band 's first album on Columbia Records , featuring the single `` Short Skirt/Long Jacket '' which hit number 7 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart . Following a series of tours , including several versions of the Unlimited Sunshine Tour , the band released Pressure Chief in 2004 , its second and last album on Columbia . After creating its own label , Upbeat Records , the band released Showroom of Compassion in 2011 , which became its first album to debut at the top of the Billboard charts , selling 44,000 copies in the first week after release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33446453d2fd7123c8c3c57f17e6e553", "text": "Ray Bauduc Ray Bauduc ( June 18 , 1906 -- January 8 , 1988 ) was a jazz drummer best known for his work with the Bob Crosby Orchestra and their band-within-a-band , the Bobcats , between 1935 and 1942 . Bauduc was born in New Orleans , Louisiana . He was the son of the cornetist Jules Bauduc and his elder brother Jules was also a professional musician , a banjoist-bandleader . Ray Bauduc 's youthful work in New Orleans included stints in the band of Johnny Bayersdorffer and early radio broadcasts . His New Orleans origins instilled in him a love for two-beat drumming , which he retained even when he played with Bob Crosby 's swing era big band . In 1926 he moved to New York City to join Joe Venuti 's band . His other work in the 1920s include recording sessions with the Original Memphis Five and a stint in the Scranton Sirens which also included Tommy Dorsey and Jimmy Dorsey . His stint with the Bob Crosby Orchestra brought him national fame . He co-composed , together with bassist Bob Haggart , the two big hits that the Bob Crosby orchestra achieved : `` South Rampart Street Parade '' ( a New Orleans parade-type number first recorded in November 1937 ) , and `` Big Noise from Winnetka '' ( a bass and drums duet with Haggart , recorded in 1938 ) . His style , making use of woodblocks , cowbells , the China cymbal and tom-toms , marked him out from most drummers of the swing era , and made him one of the few white drummers ( the others being George Wettling , Dave Tough and Gene Krupa , but they were not so obvious ) to be directly influenced by Warren `` Baby '' Dodds . Ray Bauduc was a trend setter in traditional jazz circles . His precise , disciplined , yet fiery patterns and syncopated fills helped New Orleans drummers make the transition into swing from the rigid , clipped progressions that had defined the previous era . The son of the great cornetist Jules Bauduc , his brother Jules Jr. taught Bauduc drums . His sister was also a musician , a pianist . Bauduc 's first professional job came with a band that accompanied films . Bauduc served in the U.S. Army Artillery Band until November 1944 . Upon his discharge he and former Crosby group leader Gil Rodin formed a short-lived big band . Bauduc toured with a septet in 1946 and also worked in Tommy Dorsey 's orchestra from August to October of the year . In early 1947 he joined Bob Crosby 's new group , leaving in 1948 to play with Jimmy Dorsey , where he stayed for the next two years . He freelanced on the West Coast for a couple of years before joining Jack Teagarden in 1952 . In 1955 he formed a band with fellow Crosby alumnus Nappy Lamare . The new outfit found considerable success , touring nationally and recording several albums . He retired to Bellaire , Texas , in the early 1960s . From 1960 , Bauduc lived in Bellaire , Texas in semi-retirement , but visited New Orleans in 1983 where he was greeted effusively . He also appeared occasionally at Crosby Orchestra reunions and worked with Pud Brown on several recordings His best known student from his teaching days in Bellaire , Texas is Charlie Harrington . After the break-up of the Crosby band , Bauduc organized his own small groups ( often in a swing or even bebop style ) , rejoined Bob Crosby for occasional reunions , worked with Jimmy Dorsey ( 1948 ) and Jack Teagarden ( 1952 -- 55 ) , before joining fellow ex-Bobcat Nappy Lamare in a highly successful dixieland band that lasted until 1960 , after which Bauduc went into semi-retirement in Bellaire , Texas . He died in Houston , Texas on January 8 , 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75464c8f47671e60282b702b4df4e7dd", "text": "Troy Haymakers The Troy Haymakers were an American professional baseball team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7a2d61123b460b796abdd539004a93e", "text": "Troy Verges Troy Verges is an American songwriter of country and pop music from Louisiana .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f959aac544afdbfbc0e1d425da834c6", "text": "T.L.C. A.S.A.P. `` T.L.C. A.S.A.P. '' is a song written by Gary Baker and Frank J. Myers , and recorded by American country music group Alabama . It was released in December 1993 as the second single from their album Cheap Seats . The song reached number 7 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in March 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3808c1a1d95842b45e197c3eb477d055", "text": "Annuals (band) Annuals is the musical project of singer , songwriter , producer , and multi-instrumentalist , Adam Baker . Founded in Raleigh , North Carolina in 2003 , Annuals first found success following its critically acclaimed 2006 release , Be He Me . As of September 2013 , Annuals is based out of Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6516ed1318da0c2b7745efa896ccda8b", "text": "Toad (instrumental) `` Toad '' is an instrumental by British rock band Cream and was released on their 1966 debut album , Fresh Cream . Composed by drummer Ginger Baker , the song is a five-minute drum solo ( with a brief guitar and bass introduction and ending ) , and is notable because it features one of the earliest recorded drum solos in rock history . It can also be seen as an early example of hard rock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1c93459a78fedc6b49274a2fccd24d7", "text": "The Road Hammers The Road Hammers is a Canadian country rock group composed of Jason McCoy , Clayton Bellamy and Chris Byrne . Formed by McCoy as a side project , the trio 's music is influenced by 1960s and 1970s trucker music and Southern rock . Their first self-titled album included remakes of several classic truck-driving songs . It was recognized with a Juno Award in 2006 , along with numerous Canadian Country Music Association awards . After five years together , the group went on hiatus after one last show on December 31 , 2010 in Langley , British Columbia.The group reformed in 2013 and released their latest album , Wheels , in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eff493507fb10af014f509493a4a0bb7", "text": "Vernon Brown (musician) Vernon Brown ( January 6 , 1907 , Venice , Illinois - May 18 , 1979 ) was an American jazz trombonist . Brown played in St. Louis with Frankie Trumbauer in 1925-26 , and moved through a variety of groups in the late 1920s and 1930s , including those of Jean Goldkette ( 1928 ) , Benny Meroff , and Mezz Mezzrow ( 1937 ) . Brown joined Benny Goodman 's orchestra in 1937 and remained there until 1940 ; while he only soloed occasionally with Goodman , he became particularly well-known through this association . Following this he worked with Artie Shaw ( 1940 -- 41 ) , Jan Savitt , Muggsy Spanier ( 1941 -- 42 ) , and the Casa Loma Orchestra . In the 1940s , Brown switched focus from swing to Dixieland , playing often in studio recordings and working with Sidney Bechet . He led his own band in the Pacific Northwest in 1950 and did reunion tours with Goodman in that decade . He worked with Tony Parenti in 1963 , and remained a studio musician into the early 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d8e8536927ac4552ed07b26f3a74712", "text": "Stripper's Union Stripper 's Union is a Canadian rock band consisting of Rob Baker ( vocals , guitar ) , Craig Northey ( vocals , guitar ) , Doug Elliott ( bass guitar ) , Simon Kendall ( piano ) , and Pat Steward ( drums ) . The band released two albums between 2005 and 2011 . Northey , Elliott and Steward are all former members of Odds and Sharkskin . Kendall was formerly with Doug and the Slugs as well as Sharkskin . Baker is a member of The Tragically Hip . Many of the band 's songs are written by Baker and Northey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "433e8e7cb2b8e13cdd09008c3c40fcfa", "text": "Scott McCaughey Scott Lewis McCaughey is an American singer and songwriter and the leader of the Seattle and Portland-based bands The Young Fresh Fellows and The Minus 5 . He is also bassist for Robyn Hitchcock 's most recent touring band , The Venus 3 , along with Bill Rieflin ( drums ) and Peter Buck ( guitar ) . In June 2003 Scott recorded a song with Moween ( Peter Schoemaker/Bram van den Berg ) at the IDQ studio in Utrecht , called `` Move on '' . To be found on http://www.moween.eu . In 2008 , McCaughey formed the side band The Baseball Project with Buck , Steve Wynn and Linda Pitmon . Their first album , Volume 1 : Frozen Ropes and Dying Quails , celebrates many aspects of baseball culture , and includes a song in tribute to Pittsburgh Pirates pitcher Harvey Haddix . From 1994 through 2011 , he worked with R.E.M. both on stage and in the studio . While originally brought on as a second guitarist for the Monster tour , McCaughey remained with R.E.M. in various capacities until the band 's dissolution . He contributed to the studio albums New Adventures in Hi-Fi , Up , Reveal , Around the Sun , Accelerate and Collapse into Now . Additionally , he has received credits for his work on the live albums R.E.M. Live and Live at The Olympia album as well as their 2003 greatest hits collection , In Time . When working with R.E.M. , McCaughey played guitar , bass guitar , keyboards , and sang backing vocals . McCaughey also plays in Tuatara , an instrumental group which features Peter Buck from R.E.M.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "504d849a963cb440636fd5dc8897d828", "text": "G. E. Smith George Edward `` G. E. '' Smith ( born January 27 , 1952 ) is an American guitarist . He was the lead guitarist in the band Hall & Oates and the musical director of Saturday Night Live . Smith was lead guitarist of Bob Dylan 's touring band from June 7 , 1988 , to October 19 , 1990 . Smith also served as musical director of The 30th Anniversary Concert Celebration for Bob Dylan at Madison Square Garden on October 16 , 1992 . As a session player , Smith has performed and recorded with an exceptionally wide spectrum of influential artists . His own albums include In The World ( 1981 ) , Get A Little ( with the Saturday Night Live Band , 1993 ) and Incense , Herbs and Oils ( 1998 ) . Smith was the lead guitarist for the band Moonalice until December 2009 . He played guitar in the tour of Roger Waters ' The Wall Live . Smith and his band provided entertainment at the Republican National Convention in Tampa Florida in the last week of August 2012 as well as the Republican National Convention in Cleveland , Ohio during July 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "640b897fd0b524b10020081581f828a9", "text": "Boss Guitar Boss Guitar is the ninth album by American jazz guitarist Wes Montgomery , released in 1963 by Riverside Records . It has been reissued by Original Jazz Classics with additional alternate takes . All the tracks are available on the Wes Montgomery compilation CD The Complete Riverside Recordings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e53a0abffa1c59c7e61ffba7ed81408", "text": "Brian Smith (musician) Brian Smith ( born 3 January 1939 , Wellington ) is a jazz saxophonist and flautist from New Zealand . Smith studied piano in his youth but was primarily an autodidact on reeds . He played locally in pop and jazz groups before moving to England in 1964 , where he played with Alexis Korner 's Blues Incorporated . Following this he played at Ronnie Scott 's Jazz Club in 1966-67 and in the big bands of Tubby Hayes ( 1969 ) and Maynard Ferguson ( 1969-74 ) . He worked with the group Nucleus from 1969 to 1982 , and also with Mike Westbrook ( 1969 ) , Neil Ardley ( 1969 , 1976 ) , Mike Gibbs ( 1970 ) , the Spontaneous Music Ensemble ( 1970-71 ) , and Keith Tippett ( 1971 ) . He also worked with Pacific Eardrum in 1975-76 and Paz in 1976 . In 1982 , Smith returned to New Zealand , where he began playing with his own quartet . His 1984 album Southern Excursions was named Australian Jazz Record of the Year . He worked with Frank Gibson , Jr. later in the 1980s and was based out of Auckland . His Moonlight Sax albums were chart successes in New Zealand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f62c1ae80605ce0691ac46bf7e92610", "text": "Bunny Brunel Bernard `` Bunny '' Brunel is a French-born American bass guitarist who has played with various jazz musicians including Chick Corea , Herbie Hancock , and Wayne Shorter . He is a founding member of the jazz fusion band CAB , and is also involved in musical instrument design and film and television scoring .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27f27e4078ced4e5a98d2d699406fba2", "text": "History of Troy, Alabama", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7da8e3bb0316e467a208e950c6aab9e6", "text": "Songs from The Gypsy Songs From the Gypsy is the sixth album by Minneapolis Celtic rock band Boiled in Lead , and its second with lead singer/guitarist Adam Stemple . It is a song cycle based on a Hungarian folk tale , written largely by Stemple and his Cats Laughing bandmate Steven Brust several years prior to Boiled in Lead 's recording . Brust , who is best known as a fantasy novelist , collaborated with writer Megan Lindholm on a novel , The Gypsy , based on the songs . Boiled in Lead 's album is considered the soundtrack to the novel . Brust had previously co-written two songs on Boiled in Lead 's 1994 album Antler Dance . Songs From the Gypsy was released on CD in an enhanced multimedia format including both Boiled in Lead 's music and the full text of Brust and Lindholm 's novel , as well as 80 short sound clips of songs referenced in the novel 's text . Musically , the album leaned more towards rock and blues than the worldbeat and folk Boiled in Lead had become known for . Bassist Drew Miller called the change in sound a temporary one related to the album 's unusual genesis , since the songs had been written six years earlier , before Stemple had joined Boiled in Lead . `` The Gypsy album `` does n't exactly represent us as we are now . It was a side project , actually . It 's not indicative of the way the band is going , '' said Miller .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a86defc3dfe14f74fe75fc97da9463b6	Sons of Anarchy premiered on FX.	[ { "docid": "7022b2f83e43bed928c9122a209e32df", "text": "Sons of Anarchy Sons of Anarchy is an American crime drama television series created by Kurt Sutter , which aired from 2008 to 2014 . It follows the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming , a fictional town in California 's Central Valley . The show stars Charlie Hunnam as Jackson `` Jax '' Teller , initially the vice president , who begins questioning the club and himself . Brotherhood , loyalty and redemption are constant themes . Sons of Anarchy premiered on September 3 , 2008 , on cable network FX . The series 's third season attracted an average of 4.9 million weekly viewers , making it FX 's highest rated series and surpassing its other hits The Shield , Nip/Tuck and Rescue Me . The season four and five premieres were the two highest-rated telecasts in FX 's history . The sixth season aired from September 10 , 2013 , through December 10 , 2013 . The seventh and final season of the series premiered on September 9 , 2014 . The series finale premiered on December 9 , 2014 . The series explores vigilantism , government corruption and racism , and depicts an outlaw motorcycle club as an analogy for human transformation . Real life Oakland Hell 's Angel David Labrava served as a technical adviser , and also played one of the main characters , Happy Lowman , the club 's assassin . In November 2013 , Sutter indicated he was in talks with FX to make a Sons of Anarchy prequel set in the 1960s . In February 2015 , he said he would not work on the prequel , likely to be titled `` The First 9 '' , before 2017 . In November 2016 FX announced the development of a spin off series Mayans MC , centered around Latino culture , which will likely include past SOA characters in cameo roles .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "95074784108ca5349589acb92947a93f", "text": "The Making of the Mob: Chicago The Making of the Mob : Chicago is an American television miniseries , and the second season of The Making of the Mob , based on the iconic Chicago gangster Al Capone and his rise and fall in the Chicago Mafia . It is produced by Stephen David and premiered on July 11 , 2016 , on AMC in eight parts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67d6a60734b1f5dcd97f84906607fa87", "text": "Commander in Chief (TV series) Commander in Chief is an American drama television series that focused on the fictional administration and family of Mackenzie Allen ( portrayed by Geena Davis ) , the first female President of the United States , who ascends to the post from the Vice Presidency after the death of the sitting President from a sudden cerebral aneurysm . The series began broadcasting on ABC on Tuesday , September 27 , 2005 , at 9 p.m. Eastern Time , although most countries outside North America began screening the series in mid-2006 . The show was # 1 on Tuesday nights until FOX 's American Idol started in January . The show was also the # 1 new show of the season until CBS ' Criminal Minds surpassed it . Its major competitor in the 9:00 p.m. timeslot was FOX 's House , which aired after American Idol . The series was created by American director Rod Lurie , director of the films The Contender and Deterrence , and may have been inspired by The West Wing , a popular political drama on rival NBC . The network replaced Lurie with Steven Bochco as show runner , but after he failed to increase ratings he was also replaced with Dee Johnson while further declining ratings brought about a hiatus , a timeslot change and ultimately cancellation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b7a3aefbb8aa4ca1be9838a803cd856", "text": "Yousaf (The Americans) `` Yousaf '' is the tenth episode of the second season of the American television drama series The Americans , and the 23rd overall episode of the series . It originally aired on FX in the United States on April 30 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b3420f99715712d4f3b8e5775f3c27c", "text": "The 100 (TV series) The 100 ( pronounced The Hundred ) is an American post-apocalyptic science fiction drama television series that premiered on March 19 , 2014 , on The CW . The series , developed by Jason Rothenberg , is loosely based on a 2013 book of the same name , the first in a series by Kass Morgan . The series follows a group of teens : Clarke Griffin ( Eliza Taylor ) , Bellamy Blake ( Bob Morley ) , Octavia Blake ( Marie Avgeropoulos ) , Jasper Jordan ( Devon Bostick ) , Monty Green ( Christopher Larkin ) , Raven Reyes ( Lindsey Morgan ) , Finn Collins ( Thomas McDonell ) , John Murphy ( Richard Harmon ) , and Wells Jaha ( Eli Goree ) as they are among the first people from a space habitat , `` The Ark '' , to return to Earth after a devastating nuclear apocalypse ; the series also focuses on Dr. Abby Griffin ( Paige Turco ) , Clarke 's mother ; Marcus Kane ( Henry Ian Cusick ) , a council member on the Ark ; and Thelonious Jaha ( Isaiah Washington ) , the Chancellor of the Ark and Wells ' father . In March 2016 , The 100 was renewed for a fourth season of 13 episodes , which premiered on February 1 , 2017 . In March 2017 , The CW renewed the series for a fifth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d016f32b88883325641b151862ad4673", "text": "Justified (season 4) The fourth season of the American television drama series Justified premiered on January 8 , 2013 , on FX , and concluded on April 2 , 2013 , consisting of 13 episodes . The series was developed by Graham Yost based on Elmore Leonard 's novels Pronto and Riding the Rap and his short story `` Fire in the Hole '' . Its main character is Raylan Givens , a deputy U.S. Marshal . Timothy Olyphant portrays Givens , a tough federal lawman , enforcing his own brand of justice in his Kentucky hometown . The series is set in the city of Lexington , Kentucky , and the hill country of eastern Kentucky , specifically in and around Harlan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6796a606c0dbff31772d153fe5827946", "text": "Chaos Theory (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Chaos Theory '' is the seventh episode of the third season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they deal with the monstrous Lash . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Lauren LeFranc , and directed by David Solomon . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , Adrianne Palicki , Henry Simmons , and Luke Mitchell . Matthew Willig guest stars as Lash , with Blair Underwood playing his human form , Andrew Garner . `` Chaos Theory '' originally aired on ABC on November 10 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 3.49 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87e27e93dc512d86e0843be21c9fb7dc", "text": "Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 2 Sons of Anarchy : Songs of Anarchy Vol . 2 is a soundtrack album featuring music from the FX television program Sons of Anarchy , and is a follow-up to the 2011 release Songs of Anarchy : Music from Sons of Anarchy Seasons 1 -- 4 and several earlier EPs from the popular show . Songs include covers of `` Sympathy for the Devil , '' `` Higher Ground , '' and `` Travelin ' Band , '' as well as several original tracks . Performers include Jane 's Addiction , with most tracks performed by longtime SOA contributors The Forest Rangers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b94a8632159043e4f7deef2a49e46b82", "text": "Empire (2015 TV series) Empire is an American musical drama television series created by Lee Daniels and Danny Strong which debuted on January 7 , 2015 on Fox . Although it is filmed in Chicago , the show is set in New York . It centers on a fictional hip hop music and entertainment company , Empire Entertainment , and the drama among the members of the founders ' family as they fight for control of it . On January 15 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a third season , which premiered on September 21 , 2016 . On January 11 , 2017 , Fox renewed the series for a fourth season , consisting of eighteen episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "084dcf66b8df94b775b39a7c72e9e6e5", "text": "Kurt Yaeger Kurt Yaeger ( born January 3 , 1977 ) is an American actor , director and professional athlete , who is also a below-the-knee amputee . Recent work includes roles on the CBS hit franchise NCIS and the much anticipated HBO/Cinemax series Quarry . Kurt is notable for appearing in season five of the FX series Sons of Anarchy as Greg `` the Peg '' and in the Rudimental music video for the UK hit single `` Waiting All Night '' featuring vocals from Ella Eyre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ef39a4cda4adbb0060de2eb8f3a2da8", "text": "X-Men (TV series) X-Men , also known as X-Men : The Animated Series , is an American animated television series which debuted on October 31 , 1992 , in the United States on the Fox Network , as part of its Fox Kids Saturday morning lineup . X-Men was Marvel Comics ' second attempt at an animated X-Men TV series after the pilot , X-Men : Pryde of the X-Men , was not picked up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c2cafb9d22d203f1640d58cc7f6f9b4", "text": "HBO Now HBO Now is an over-the-top subscription video on demand service operated by American premium cable and satellite television network HBO . Officially unveiled on March 9 and launched on April 7 , 2015 the service allows subscribers on-demand access to HBO 's library of original programs , films and other content on personal computers , smartphones , tablet devices and digital media players . Unlike HBO Go , HBO 's online video on demand service for existing subscribers of the linear television channel , HBO Now is available as a standalone service and does not require a television subscription to use , targeting cord cutters who use competing services such as Netflix and Hulu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa5e897e2bf019862b6e2003fa037475", "text": "Pilot (The Shield) `` Pilot '' is the first episode of the FX crime drama television series The Shield . It was written by series creator Shawn Ryan , directed by Clark Johnson , and originally aired on March 12 , 2002 . The episode received Emmy Award nominations for both its writing and directing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad511207d14bf63d9a7cf8c5596b89d0", "text": "The Bastard Executioner The Bastard Executioner is an American historical fiction drama television series , created by Kurt Sutter and aired on FX from September 15 , 2015 to November 17 , 2015 . On November 18 , 2015 , Sutter announced that FX had cancelled the series after one season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aab7df0fb61fe97f4c2a95878501b3b7", "text": "This Life (song) `` This Life '' is the theme song for the FX television series Sons of Anarchy , written by singer-songwriter Curtis Stigers , Velvet Revolver guitarist Dave Kushner , producer Bob Thiele Jr. and show creator Kurt Sutter while it was performed by Curtis Stigers & The Forest Rangers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e119361dd928a98f5b9550e807920e5", "text": "Westworld (TV series) Westworld is an American science fiction western thriller television series created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy for HBO . It is based on the 1973 film of the same name , which was written and directed by American novelist Michael Crichton , and to a lesser extent on the 1976 sequel Futureworld . It is the second TV series based on the two films , the first being the short-lived 1980 series Beyond Westworld . Nolan and Joy serve as executive producers along with J. J. Abrams , Jerry Weintraub , and Bryan Burk , with Nolan directing the pilot . The first season premiered on October 2 , 2016 , concluded on December 4 , 2016 , and consists of ten episodes . In November 2016 , HBO renewed the show for a 10-episode second season , planned for a 2018 debut . The story takes place in the fictional Westworld , a technologically advanced Wild West -- themed amusement park populated by android hosts . Westworld caters to high-paying guests , who may indulge in whatever they wish within the park , without fear of retaliation from the hosts . The series ' debut on HBO garnered the network 's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective in 2014 and Westworld ranks as the most-watched first season of an HBO original series ever . Westworld has received positive reviews by critics , with particular praise for the visuals , story , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f46e8a50a25657f670dd8ef59ae20385", "text": "Mo McRae Mo McRae ( born July 4 , 1982 ) is an American actor , writer and producer , best known for his recurring role as Tyler in the FX hit series Sons of Anarchy as well as Leon Hayes in the 2006 film Gridiron Gang . He starred in Fox Broadcasting Company 's Pitch . Raised in South Los Angeles , McRae turned to acting for solace . After enrolling in a drama class at Washington Preparatory High School , McRae opted to forgo his spot on the basketball team , when he landed the lead in the school play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cae6fbeb7d6c9790e4cf7fd462ec87e8", "text": "The Fosters (2013 TV series) The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3 , 2013 on the Freeform ( previously named ABC Family ) television network . It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena , a cop and a school vice principal respectively , who raise a multi-ethnic blended family that consists of one biological and four adopted children in San Diego , California . The first season of The Fosters received generally favorable reviews from critics and also garnered particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes . It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1ee208980481187818c9b305319f99f1	Sarah Palin ran for presidency alongside a senator from Arizona.	[ { "docid": "1ddf587040b966fbe7184dfeaa7781c0", "text": "Sarah Palin Sarah Louise Palin ( -LSB- ˈpeɪlᵻn -RSB- née Heath ; born February 11 , 1964 ) is an American politician , commentator , and author who served as the ninth Governor of Alaska from 2006 until her resignation in 2009 . As the Republican Party nominee for Vice President of the United States in the 2008 election alongside presidential nominee , Arizona Senator John McCain , she was the first Alaskan on the national ticket of a major political party and the first Republican woman selected as a vice presidential candidate . Also , her book Going Rogue has sold more than two million copies . She was elected to the Wasilla city council in 1992 and became mayor of Wasilla in 1996 . In 2003 , after an unsuccessful run for lieutenant governor , she was appointed chair of the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission , responsible for overseeing the state 's oil and gas fields for safety and efficiency . She was the youngest person and the first woman to be elected Governor of Alaska . Since her resignation as Governor , she has endorsed and campaigned for the Tea Party movement as well as several candidates in multiple election cycles , prominently including Donald Trump for President in 2016 . From 2010 to 2015 , she provided political commentary for Fox News . On April 3 , 2014 , Palin premiered her TV show , Amazing America with Sarah Palin , on the Sportsman Channel , which ran until February 12 , 2015 . On July 27 , 2014 , Palin launched the online news network called the Sarah Palin Channel , which was closed on July 4 , 2015 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "160d0bf44a6ad0ea0cfad2785c5f5dc4", "text": "Demion Clinco Demion Clinco is an American politician from the state of Arizona . A member of the Democratic Party , Clinco served in the Arizona House of Representatives , as the member for the second district until 2015 . Clinco was the president of the Tucson Historic Preservation Foundation . When Linda J. Lopez , a member of the Arizona Senate , resigned in 2014 , Clinco was a finalist for the position . Andrea Dalessandro , a member of the Arizona House of Representatives , was selected instead . Clinco was appointed to Dalessandro 's former seat in the state House . During his tenure in the Arizona State House Clinco was the only openly LGBT member . Clinco lost his reelection bid for a full term , losing to Republican John Ackerley . Clinco attended Occidental College in Los Angeles , graduating with a B.A. in Art History , completing postgraduate work at Istituto Marangoni in Milan Italy . He is the Executive Director of the Tucson Historic Preservation Foundation , having assumed this role in 2015 after six years ( 2008 - 2014 ) as president of the Board of Directors . Clinco was a member of the Arizona State House of Representative ( 2014-2015 ) , serving on the Financial Institutions and Government Committees . From 2007 to 2014 , he served as the City of Tucson Mayor 's appointee to the Tucson-Pima County Historic Commission , and has been involved in local , state and national public policy issues related to Historic Preservation and Cultural Resources . Since 2010 has served as the Arizona State Advisor to the National Trust for Historic Preservation , becoming Vice Chair in 2014 , representing the Western Region . Clinco is a member of the Board of Directors of Archeology Southwest , the Arizona Preservation Foundation , is a founding member of the `` Arizona Vintage Sign Coalition . '' In 2011 , Clinco led the creation Tucson Modernism Week . Clinco has served on numerous foundation and non profit boards , including as a trustee of The Gregory School ( formally St. Gregory College Preparatory School ) and a member the Southern Arizona Leadership Council . He is a member of the 2014 `` Next City Vanguard '' class and a 2013 `` Flinn Brown Fellow . '' Clinco has received numerous awards in the field of architectural and heritage preservation . Demion Clinco is the son of Paul and Judy Clinco", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22e88287686edf3a9e26cfe78d757c21", "text": "United States presidential election in Arizona, 2000 The 2000 United States presidential election in Arizona took place on November 7 , 2000 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2000 United States presidential election . Voters chose 8 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Arizona was won by Governor George W. Bush by a 6.3 % margin of victory . Ralph Nader received 3 % , as all of the other candidates received a combined 1 % . Pre-election polling showed that Bush had a solid lead of Gore . Bush won all the congressional districts , except Arizona 's 2nd congressional district . The key for Bush 's victory was Maricopa County , which has by far the highest population in the state . Bush made history by winning Greenlee County . This thinly populated working class county , which has been dependent on copper mining as the basis for its economy , had voted Democratic in every election since Arizona achieved statehood from 1912 to 1996 , and now is a Republican stronghold in the 21st century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17b549065704830a2815c3155889cea7", "text": "United States Senate election in Arizona, 1932 The 1932 United States Senate elections in Arizona took place on November 8 , 1932 . Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Carl Hayden ran for reelection to a second term , again defeating his 1926 challenger former U.S. Senator Ralph H. Cameron in the general election . Hayden , then U.S. Congressman for Arizona 's at-large Congressional district , was elected to his first term in 1926 when he defeated the incumbent Cameron , and would be successfully reelected to his second term in a rematch in 1932 , by a wide margin . Candidates from the Socialist and Communist Parties also ran in the election , but did not garner much support , barely registering at 1 % or less . This would be Cameron 's final attempt at returning to the U.S. Senate , leaving Arizona soon after , and living for a time in both Philadelphia and Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70443309e913c03e0b799db644fe37fa", "text": "United States presidential election in New Mexico, 2012 The 2012 United States presidential election in New Mexico took place on November 6 , 2012 as part of the 2012 General Election in which all 50 states plus The District of Columbia participated . This was the 25th U.S. Presidential Election in which New Mexico participated . New Mexico voters chose five electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama and his running mate , Vice President Joe Biden , against Republican challenger and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney and his running mate , Congressman Paul Ryan . Prior to the election , 17 news organizations considered this a state Obama would win , or otherwise considered as a safe blue state.President Obama and Vice President Biden carried New Mexico with 52.99 % of the vote to Mitt Romney 's 42.84 % , a victory margin of 10.15 percentage points . Libertarian Gary Johnson , a former Republican who served two terms as Governor of New Mexico from 1995 to 2003 , garnered 3.55 % of the vote , his strongest statewide performance in the nation , and the strongest 3rd party showing in the state since 2000 ( although that was easily surpassed by Johnson in 2016 , when he received nearly 10 % of the vote in New Mexico ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65178a3d973cf1c8e04303e5540be078", "text": "13th Arizona State Legislature The 13th Arizona State Legislature , consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives , was constituted in Phoenix from January 1 , 1937 to December 31 , 1938 , during Rawghlie Clement Stanford 's first and only term as Governor of Arizona . The number of senators and representatives remained constant , with 19 and 51 members respectively . While the Democrats regained one hundred percent of the senate seats , the Republicans broke the Democrats complete domination in the house , managing to obtain a single seat , one of the two from Navajo County .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac605a7f2d22c750626a429968dfc0a8", "text": "United States presidential election in New Hampshire, 1928 The 1928 United States Presidential Election in New Hampshire took place on November 6 , 1928 as part of the 1928 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all contemporary forty-eight states . Voters chose four representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . New Hampshire voted for the Republican nominee , Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover of California , over the Democratic nominee , Governor Alfred E. Smith of New York . Hoover 's running mate was Senate Majority Leader Charles Curtis of Kansas , while Smith ran with Senator Joseph Taylor Robinson of Arkansas . Hoover won New Hampshire by a margin of 17.63 percent , almost exactly the same as his national figure , though a decline upon Coolidge 's 1924 margin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "439628ee6f83f3b9969fb14d4d6149eb", "text": "California elections, June 2012 The California state elections , June 2012 were held on June 5 , 2012 and included two propositions , primary elections for each party 's nominee for President , and primary elections to determine the top-two candidates for California 's Class I seat to the United States Senate , all of California 's seats to the House of Representatives , all of the seats of the State Assembly , and all odd-numbered seats of the State Senate , who will compete against each other in a run-off on November 6 , 2012 . This was the first election with California 's newly implemented nonpartisan blanket primary in effect , pursuant to Proposition 14 , which passed with 53 % voter approval in June 2010 . Additionally , in November 2010 , voters approved Proposition 20 , which authorized a California Citizens Redistricting Commission to re-draw congressional district lines , in addition to its current job of drawing state senate district lines and state assembly district lines , taking away that job from the California state legislature . This was the first election which used the Citizens Redistricting Commission 's maps . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0961ae4d5fb0aebe3c3325178a65685f", "text": "United States Senate election in Arizona, 1964 The 1964 United States Senate election in Arizona took place on November 3 , 1964 . Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater decided not to run for reelection to a third term , instead running for President of the United States as the Republican Party nominee against Lyndon B. Johnson . Governor of Arizona Paul Fannin ran unopposed in the Republican primary , and defeated Democratic nominee Roy Elson , who was a staff member for U.S. Senator Carl Hayden until Hayden 's retirement in 1969 . Despite a landslide loss throughout the country , Goldwater carried his home state of Arizona in the Presidential election , alongside Fannin in the state 's Senate election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e10d4db78ba0b12888b21fb7442d1e8f", "text": "Marsha Arzberger Marsha Arzberger is a Democratic politician . She served as Arizona State Senator for District 25 from 2003-2008 , and before that for District 8 from 2000-2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7978a15366e20f4b58627e8a1eda6b8", "text": "Sarah Herring Sorin Sarah Herring Sorin ( January 15 , 1861 -- April 30 , 1914 ) was Arizona 's first woman attorney and the first woman to try a case in front of the United States Supreme Court unassisted by a male attorney . Sorin practiced law with her father Colonel Herring in the firm `` Herring & Sorin '' initially in Tombstone , Arizona , and later in Tucson . After her father 's death , Sorin moved to Globe , Arizona , where she became the attorney for the Old Dominion Copper Company and United Globe Mines . Sarah Sorin is a member of the Arizona Women 's Hall of Fame . ( See photo of Sarah Herring Sorin in the Arizona Library Archives . ) She is also included in Stanford Law School 's Women 's Legal History Biography Project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd1e3674708129b1aa0f17e0bbee1c4", "text": "United States presidential election in Arizona, 1984 The 1984 United States presidential election in Arizona took place on November 6 , 1984 . All fifty states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1984 United States presidential election . Arizona voters chose seven electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President of the United States . Arizona was won by incumbent United States President Ronald Reagan of California , who was running against former Vice President Walter Mondale of Minnesota . Reagan ran for a second time with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas , and Mondale ran with Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York , the first major female candidate for the Vice-Presidency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af4d6c9b2e7a57d1f2af31bd6d7c624c", "text": "United States presidential election in Illinois, 1984 The 1984 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 6 , 1984 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1984 United States presidential election . Illinois voters chose 24 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President of the United States . Illinois was won by incumbent United States President Ronald Reagan of California , who was running against former Vice President Walter Mondale of Minnesota . Reagan ran for a second time with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas , and Mondale ran with Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York , the first major female candidate for the Vice-Presidency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83f312976e0c94adb405185bfeb8fc74", "text": "United States presidential election in Nebraska, 2008 The 2008 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 4 , 2008 as part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 5 electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . However , this state is one of the two states of the U.S. that , instead of giving all of its electors to the winner based on its statewide results , just 2 of them vote based on the statewide results , and the others vote based on their individual congressional district results . Nebraska , statewide , was not a swing state in 2008 . Located in the Great Plains of the United States , it is one of the most staunchly Republican states in the country . While some hypothetical general election match-up polls between Republican John McCain and Democrat Barack Obama showed the race to be seemingly close , they were largely regarded as outliers as more polls released showed McCain leading in double digits . McCain wound up carrying the popular vote in Nebraska by 14.93 points , taking in 56.53 % of the total statewide vote . However , Obama narrowly defeated McCain in Nebraska 's 2nd congressional district , which contains Omaha and the surrounding areas . Due to Nebraska 's system of allocating electoral votes to winners of Congressional Districts , Obama was able to win one electoral vote while John McCain received the state 's other four electoral votes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71f9e1ea2faff80f1f22e9512f519b23", "text": "Republican Party presidential primaries, 1964 The 1964 Republican presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1964 U.S. presidential election . Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1964 Republican National Convention held from July 13 to July 16 , 1964 , in San Francisco , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "916e7b6b35663c4d66c7a3a8e6cfe2ff", "text": "United States presidential election in Arizona, 2012 The 2012 United States presidential election in Arizona took place on November 6 , 2012 as part of the 2012 General Election in which all 50 states plus The District of Columbia participated . Arizona has been won by the Republican nominee for president in every election since 1952 except when President Clinton narrowly carried the state in 1996 . No Democrat has won a majority in the state since Harry Truman in 1948 . Arizona voters chose 11 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama and his running mate , Vice President Joe Biden , against Republican challenger and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney and his running mate , Congressman Paul Ryan . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations considered this a state Romney would win , or otherwise considered as a safe red state . Arizona was won by Romney with a 9.03 % margin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "704c4215b43ae10f039d9b77984aca0f", "text": "Carly Fiorina Cara Carleton Fiorina ( née Sneed ; born September 6 , 1954 ) is an American businessperson and political candidate , known primarily for her tenure as CEO of Hewlett-Packard ( HP ) . Fiorina unsuccessfully ran for the United States Senate in 2010 and the Republican presidential nomination in 2016 . As Chief Executive Officer of HP from 1999 to 2005 , Fiorina was the first woman to lead a Top-20 company as ranked by Fortune Magazine . In 2002 , Fiorina oversaw what was then the largest technology sector merger in history , in which HP acquired rival personal computer manufacturer , Compaq . The transaction made HP the world 's largest seller of personal computers . HP subsequently laid off 30,000 U.S. employees . In February 2005 she was forced to resign as CEO and Chair , after the company lost half of its value . Fiorina was an adviser to Republican Senator John McCain 's 2008 presidential campaign . In 2010 , she won the Republican nomination for the United States Senate in California , but lost the general election to incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer . Fiorina was a candidate in the 2016 Republican presidential primary , and was briefly the vice-presidential running mate for Ted Cruz during the week before Cruz suspended his campaign , setting the record for shortest Vice Presidential candidacy in United States history ( 7 days ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2f1f4a81836e16efeb6f8d3d132692b", "text": "United States presidential election in Nevada, 1988 The 1988 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 8 , 1988 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1988 United States presidential election . Nevada voters chose 4 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President . Nevada was won by incumbent United States Vice President George H. W. Bush of Texas , who was running against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis . Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President , and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen . Bush carried Nevada with 58.86 % of the vote , while Dukakis received 37.92 % , a victory margin of 20.94 % . Nevada weighed in for this election as about 13 % more Republican than the national average . This was also the last election in which every county in Nevada was won by the Republican candidate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "667227e9bc104d26c044a97e62e332d0", "text": "Joe Biden presidential campaign, 1988 The 1988 presidential campaign of Joe Biden , the longtime Democratic United States Senator from Delaware and eventual 47th Vice President of the United States began on June 1987 . He ran for President of the United States in the 1988 United States presidential election . He was considered one of the potentially strongest candidates in the field . However , in September 1987 , newspaper stories stated he had plagiarized a speech by British politician Neil Kinnock . Other allegations of past law school plagiarism and exaggerating his academic record soon followed . Biden withdrew from the race later that month .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba15b340b699f0f6cb9db889db649674", "text": "Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 The 2008 presidential campaign of Joe Biden , the longtime Senator from Delaware , announced his candidacy for President of the United States on the edition of January 7 , 2007 of Meet the Press . He officially became a candidate on January 31 , 2007 after filing papers with the Federal Elections Commission . Biden had previously run for president in 1988 , but failed to receive the nomination of the Democratic Party . If elected , Biden would have been the first sitting Senator and Roman Catholic to be president since John F. Kennedy , and the first President to be born during World War II . ( b. 1942 ) During the campaign , Biden focused on his plan to achieve political success in the Iraq War through a system of federalization . He touted his record in the Senate as the head of several congressional committees and experience in foreign policy . Despite a few notable endorsements , Biden failed to garner significant support in opinion polls , and was marred by controversial comments made while campaigning . He ultimately dropped out of the race on January 3 , 2008 , after capturing less than 1 % of the vote in the Iowa caucus . Seven months after conclusion of his campaign , Biden was selected to be Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama 's vice presidential running mate . The pair won in the general election , and were sworn in on January 20 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0451023df491bbb0fb4292d46562164", "text": "United States presidential election in Utah, 1964 The 1964 United States presidential election in Utah took place on November 3 , 1964 , as part of the 1964 United States presidential election . Utah voters chose four representatives , or electors , to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Utah was won by incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson ( D -- Texas ) , with 54.86 % of the popular vote , against Senator Barry Goldwater ( R -- Arizona ) , with 45.14 % of the popular vote .", "title": "" } ]	fever
dab8e1439ba129661a769a6456bd4244	In 1937, William Hanna worked.	[ { "docid": "0e5205aab3c0ab7824b64939249c8304", "text": "William Hanna William Denby `` Bill '' Hanna ( July 14 , 1910 -- March 22 , 2001 ) was an American animator , director , producer , voice actor , and cartoon artist , whose film and television cartoon characters entertained millions of people for much of the 20th century . After working odd jobs in the first months of the Depression , Hanna joined the Harman and Ising animation studio in 1930 . During the 1930s , Hanna steadily gained skill and prominence while working on cartoons such as Captain and the Kids . In 1937 , while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) , Hanna met Joseph Barbera . The two men began a collaboration that was at first best known for producing Tom and Jerry and live action/animated hybrid films . In 1957 , they co-founded Hanna-Barbera , which became the most successful television animation studio in the business , producing programs such as The Flintstones , The Huckleberry Hound Show , The Jetsons , Scooby-Doo , The Smurfs , and Yogi Bear . In 1967 , Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting for $ 12 million , but Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company until 1991 . At that time , the studio was sold to Turner Broadcasting System , which in turn was merged with Time Warner in 1996 ; Hanna and Barbera stayed on as advisors . Hanna and Barbera won seven Academy Awards and eight Emmy Awards . Their cartoons have become cultural icons , and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media such as films , books , and toys . Hanna-Barbera 's shows had a worldwide audience of over 300 million people in their 1960s heyday , and have been translated into more than 28 languages .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d74c4a43bba968469e105d2aaec1ef8", "text": "When's Your Birthday? When 's Your Birthday ? ( 1937 ) is an American film directed by Harry Beaumont . While original prints of this film had a cartoon sequence in Technicolor directed by Bob Clampett and Leon Schlesinger , most prints ( including the Internet Archive ) have the sequence in black-and-white .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b5dff9513bf01faf58e4cffc28d57ad", "text": "Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6205f04a5103570187b590cb1e231edd", "text": "William Pierson, Jr. William Harvey Pierson , Jr. ( June 4 , 1911 -- December 3 , 2008 ) was an American painter and art historian . Teaching studio art and art history at Williams College for most of his career , Pierson was in large part responsible for the development of the cadre of Williams-educated museum curators and art historians now known as the Williams Art Mafia , including Earl A. Powell III of the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC , Glenn D. Lowry of the Museum of Modern Art in New York , James N. Wood of the Art Institute of Chicago and the J. Paul Getty Trust and Thomas Krens of the Guggenheim Museum in New York . Born in Bloomfield , New Jersey , Pierson trained as a high-school student with landscape painter Charles Warren Eaton . After earning bachelor 's degree in fine arts at Yale in 1934 , he became the first person whom the school awarded a master 's degree in fine arts . In 1941 he received a second master 's , this time in art history from New York University . Pierson joined the United States Navy the day after Pearl Harbor , working for the secret radio program . When the war finished , Pierson decided to return to Yale to undertake a Ph.D. in art history . His dissertation studied the industrial architecture of New England , and his passion for this subject remained with him for the rest of his career . In the 1970s , he campaigned to save a former mill in Harrisville , New Hampshire . Due to his efforts , Harrisville is the only 19th-century mill town that has survived intact into the 21st century . Having caught the eye of S. Lane Faison , legendary head of the art history department at Williams College , Pierson moved to Williamstown to teach studio art and American architecture in 1946 . With Faison and their colleague Whitney Stoddard , Pierson worked continuously to turn Williams students towards careers in art history rather than law and finance . Their efforts resulted in a generation of Williams-educated curators who went on to lead some of the most distinguished museums and art collections in the United States . This group , whom the New York Times has termed the `` Williams Art Mafia , '' include among its ranks Earl A. Powell III of the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC , Glenn D. Lowry of the Museum of Modern Art in New York , James N. Wood of the Art Institute of Chicago and the J. Paul Getty Trust and Thomas Krens of the Guggenheim Museum in New York . Pierson , who was famous for tearing up his notes at the end of each of his lectures , emphasized the importance of maintaining the vitality and variety of his teaching throughout his thirty-year career . Pierson retired in 1973 . Although teaching undergraduates was Pierson 's foremost passion , he also authored a four-volume scholarly series entitled American Buildings and Their Architects along with William Jordy . In conjunction with the Society of Architectural Historians , he was also working on the sixty-volume Buildings of the United States Series , which catalogs the architectural history of each of the fifty states in addition to several major cities . Pierson died on December 3 , 2008 , in Williamstown , Massachusetts . He is survived by two daughters and two granddaughters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e48f4ee2b975a5bdb7a7fd246cb2da20", "text": "Hills of Old Wyoming Hills of Old Wyoming is a 1937 American Western film directed by Nate Watt and written by Maurice Geraghty . The film stars William Boyd , George `` Gabby '' Hayes , Morris Ankrum , Russell Hayden , Gail Sheridan , John Beach and Clara Kimball Young . The film was released on April 16 , 1937 , by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbe72b9a13ebd1e09ca3e905491b72d2", "text": "Hanna Theatre The Hanna Theatre is a theater at Playhouse Square in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , United States . It is one of the original five venues built in the district , opening on March 28 , 1921 . The Hanna Theatre reopened in 2008 as the new home of Great Lakes Theater Festival after a major renovation by the classic theater company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ed4d3a0732e11f637cfc3531669f131", "text": "John R. Hamilton (architect) John R. Hamilton was an English architect who moved to Cincinnati , Ohio . In England Hamilton designed the Lincoln and Worcester Insane Asylums ; the Birmingham , Plymouth , and Leicester Cemeteries ; and churches in London and Oxford ( according to an affidavit ) . He is believed to have come to the U.S. in approximately 1850 and to Cincinnati in approximately 1852 . According to the Architectural Foundation of Cincinnati 's Biographical Dictionary of Cincinnati Architects : `` relatively little is known about Hamilton 's American career , but he seems to have been a fine designer , willing to explore new technology , and with a significant influence through his pupils on later 19th-century Cincinnati-area architecture . '' He is listed on his own in 1853-1855 , with Rankin , 1856 -- 1857 , and with James W. McLaughlin in 1857-1858 . Prominent Cincinnati architect Samuel Hannaford , born in England and brought to the Cincinnati area as a child , got his start in Hamilton 's office in 1857 . Hamilton won a silver medal at the Ohio Mechanics ' Institute for his ` Paintings , Lithographic , Architectural , and other Drawings . ' He may have been in New York City at 36 Wall Street by 1859 ( or 1858 , according to Haverstock ) , and was `` made a Fellow of the fledgling American Institute of Architects in 1860 . '' According to Haverstock , page 369 , `` he served during the Civil War as special artist for Harper 's Weekly , traveling as far south as Port Hudson , Louisiana , '' and was in Richmond , Virginia , from about 1864 to 1866 . Hamilton was an early member of the Literary Club of Cincinnati ( 1857 ) . In 1854 Hamilton won a design competition for the Henry Clay Monument in the Lexington , Kentucky Cemetery , a Gothic dome `` constructed entirely and innovatively of cast-iron '' , but it was not built and a `` more conventional ( if provincial ) column , raised on an Egyptoid mausoleum base , supported a statue of Clay . '' The Horticultural Review and Botanical Magazine ( published in Cincinnati by H.W. Derby -LSB- a Hamilton & Rankin client -RSB- and edited by John Aston Warder and James W. Ward ) published Hamilton 's Charles Anderson House ( later Broadwell House ) at SEC Fifth and Pike streets in downtown Cincinnati , and ran a series of signed articles on architecture by Hamilton . The article about `` rural architecture '' are `` perhaps '' the earliest known architectural writings by a Cincinnati-based architect , announced by the publication 's editor in the first issue of the volume , IV , 1 ( 1/1854 ) , 47 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27f701b9ff8d05f86b69dcf203532fad", "text": "Intermediate film system The intermediate film system was a television process in which motion picture film was processed almost immediately after it was exposed in a camera , then scanned by a television scanner , and transmitted over the air . This system was used principally in Britain and Germany where television cameras were not sensitive enough to use reflected light , but could transmit a suitable image when a bright light was shown through motion picture film directly into the camera lens . John Logie Baird began developing the process in 1932 , borrowing the idea of Georg Oskar Schubert from his licensees in Germany , where it was demonstrated by Fernseh AG in 1932 and used for broadcasting in 1934 . The BBC used Baird 's version of the process during the first three months of its then - `` high-definition '' television service from November 1936 through January 1937 , and German television used it during broadcasts of the 1936 Summer Olympics . In both cases , intermediate film cameras alternated with newly introduced direct television cameras . The exposed film , either 35mm or 17.5 mm ( 35mm split in half , to save expense ) , travelled in a continuous band from the camera , usually atop a remote broadcast vehicle , into a machine that developed and fixed the image . The film was then run through a flying spot scanner ( so called because it moved a focused beam of light back and forth across the image ) , and electronically converted from a negative to a positive image . Depending on the equipment , the time from camera to scanner could be a minute or less . An optical soundtrack was recorded onto the film , between the perforations and the edge of the film , at the same time the image was taken to keep the sound and image in synchronization . The intermediate film system , with its expensive film usage and relatively immobile cameras , did have the advantage that it left a filmed record of the programme which could be rerun at a different time , with a better image quality than the later kinescope films , which were shot from a video monitor . Television tubes developed by Farnsworth and Zworykin in the United States , and by EMI in England , with much higher sensitivity to light , made the intermediate film system obsolete by 1937 . Film continued to be used for time-shifting and as a long-term storage until electronic video recorders were invented .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5eb2faf688d2bc896dd479902dc004", "text": "Warner Bros. Cartoons Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. was the in-house division of Warner Bros. . Pictures during the Golden Age of American animation . One of the most successful animation studios in American media history , Warner Bros. . Cartoons was primarily responsible for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon short subjects . The characters featured in these cartoons , including Bugs Bunny , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Speedy Gonzales , Sylvester and Tweety , Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner , are among the most famous and recognizable characters in the world . Many of the creative staff members at the studio , including directors and animators such as Chuck Jones , Friz Freleng , Robert McKimson , Tex Avery , Robert Clampett and Frank Tashlin , are considered major figures in the art and history of traditional animation . The Warner animation division was founded in 1933 as Leon Schlesinger Productions , an independent company which produced the popular Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies animated short subjects for release by Warner Bros. . Pictures . In 1944 , Schlesinger sold the studio to Warner Bros. , who continued to operate it as Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. until 1963 . Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were briefly subcontracted to Freleng 's DePatie-Freleng Enterprises studio from 1964 until 1967 . The Warner Bros. . Cartoons studio briefly re-opened in 1967 before shutting its doors for good two years later . A successor company , Warner Bros. . Animation , was established in 1980 . That company continues to produce Looney Tunes-related works , in addition to television shows and feature films centering on other properties . The classic Warner Bros. animation studio is sometimes referred to as `` Termite Terrace '' , a name given to the temporary headquarters Tex Avery and his animators were assigned to during Avery 's first year as a Looney Tunes director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4475c6296d853964fd8f05c30c1cf039", "text": "Once a Doctor Once a Doctor is a 1937 American drama film directed by William Clemens and written by Robertson White and Ben Grauman Kohn . The film stars Jean Muir , Donald Woods , Gordon Oliver , Joe King , Henry Kolker and Gordon Hart . The film was released by Warner Bros. on January 23 , 1937 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129e9cf5d678fe17d3d655e57e026899", "text": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism . During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security . A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed . Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "968cdad9491cb589a675d0fbe7c52e7c", "text": "Bill Littlejohn William Charles `` Bill '' Littlejohn ( January 27 , 1914 -- September 17 , 2010 ) was an American animator and union organizer . Littlejohn worked on both animated shorts and features from the 1930s through to the 1990s . His notable works include the Tom and Jerry shorts , the Peanuts television specials , the Oscar-winning short , `` The Hole '' ( 1962 ) , and the Oscar-nominated `` A Doonesbury Special '' ( 1977 ) . He has been inducted into the Cartoon Hall of Fame and received the Winsor McCay Award and lifetime achievement awards from the Annie Awards and the UCLA Film and Television Archive . Director Michael Sporn has called Littlejohn `` an animation ` God ' . '' Littlejohn was also co-founded and served as the first president of the Screen Cartoonists Guild Local # 852 in 1938 . He led the effort to gain recognition for the union at the major Hollywood animation studios . When Walt Disney refused to negotiate with the union and fired 16 pro-union artists , Littlejohn led the union in the 1941 Disney animators strike . The strike lasted nine weeks and resulted in Disney 's recognition of the union , substantial salary increases , a 40-hour work week and screen credits . The Disney strike has been recognized as a watershed moment in the movement to unionize the animation industry . Littlejohn was also an active advocate for the art of animation . He was a co-founder of ASIFA-Hollywood in 1957 and of the International Tournée of Animation in the mid-1960s . He also served on the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Board of Governors representing short films and animation from 1988 to 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ed0444a29bb1522613b611efe032f3f", "text": "Chad Hanna Chad Hanna is a 1940 Technicolor film directed by Henry King , and was adapted from a bestseller of sorts that was published that same year . The novel was written by Walter Dumaux Edmonds ( after it had first been published in serial form in the Saturday Evening Post under the title `` Red Wheels Rolling '' ) . It stars Henry Fonda , Linda Darnell and Dorothy Lamour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf2c1fef76d59bcdf67ded2633c71d46", "text": "Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 The Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 better known as the Taft -- Hartley Act , ( 80 H.R. 3020 , ) is a United States federal law that restricts the activities and power of labor unions . The act , still effective , was sponsored by Senator Robert A. Taft and Representative Fred A. Hartley , Jr. , and became law by overcoming U.S. President Harry S. Truman 's veto on June 23 , 1947 ; labor leaders called it the `` slave-labor bill '' while President Truman argued that it was a `` dangerous intrusion on free speech , '' and that it would `` conflict with important principles of our democratic society . '' Nevertheless , Truman would subsequently use it twelve times during his presidency . The Taft -- Hartley Act amended the National Labor Relations Act ( NLRA ; informally the Wagner Act ) , which Congress passed in 1935 . The principal author of the Taft -- Hartley Act was J. Mack Swigert , of the Cincinnati law firm Taft , Stettinius & Hollister . Historian James T. Patterson concludes that : By the 1950s most observers agreed that Taft-Hartley was no more disastrous for workers than the Wagner Act had been for employers . What ordinarily mattered most in labor relations was not government laws such as Taft-Hartley , but the relative power of unions and management in the economic marketplace . Where unions were strong they usually managed all right ; when they were weak , new laws did them little additional harm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "439c38242be73ceb473ec9d3648366ac", "text": "The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series , a.k.a. . The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon Series or The Wally Gator Show , was a syndicated television package of animated cartoon series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions , starting in 1962 . The series included three unrelated short cartoon segments featuring funny animal characters : Wally Gator Touché Turtle and Dum Dum Lippy the Lion & Hardy Har Har The package consisted of Fifty-two episodes , each with three individual segments and no bridge animation . Each individual cartoon segment , had its own opening theme and closing title . The title The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon series was an off-screen promotional title to distinguish this package from other Hanna-Barbera cartoons ( such as Ruff and Reddy , Huckleberry Hound and Yogi Bear all of which had bridge animation between the cartoons . ) available at the time . For example , WGN-Channel 9 in Chicago ran the three segments in a half-hour timeslot under the name Wally Gator . In New York , WPIX-TV originally used the segments for a local series , Cartoon Zoo , featuring Milt Moss as host and `` Zookeeper '' , with life-sized cutouts of the characters in `` cages '' as a backdrop . The package was originally syndicated by Screen Gems , the TV division of Columbia Pictures . The Hanna-Barbera studio was later purchased by Taft Broadcasting Company , which distributed the studio 's product first through Taft-HB Program Sales , and later through Worldvision Enterprises . Over time , the studio regained control of many of its earlier productions and distributed them through Worldvision . The elements of The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon Series were split up , with Wally Gator airing as a segment on Magilla Gorilla and Friends on USA Network 's Cartoon Express from 1987 through 1991 . Meanwhile , Touche Turtle and Lippy the Lion were part of another package of cartoons aired on The Family Channel . Following the purchase of the Hanna-Barbera library by Turner Entertainment , these shorts eventually appeared on Cartoon Network and later Boomerang . The cartoons were put on DVD with Saturday Morning Cartoons : Vol . 2 . Strangely , the Lippy the Lion cartoon was of noticeably better quality than the other two on the DVD . Very likely due to the cartoon coming from a better quality film print then the others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28abf74a7d98732a55ab4837d8bf7c58", "text": "William Jacobs (producer) William Jacobs was an American writer and producer . He was active as a writer from 1929 to 1950 . During those years he wrote 20 plays and stories , most notably , Song of the Saddle . Jacobs started to produce in 1940 as the associate producer of Ladies Must Live . He was active as a producer until 1953 . During those years , he produced 61 movies . He is known for Calamity Jane , Over the Goal , Christmas in Connecticut , and Tea for Two . Jacobs was born on 31 October 1887 in Chicago , Illinois and died on 30 September 1953 in Beverly Hills , Los Angeles , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "096d0167225b56d4100634a5eaf9be71", "text": "William Hunter (statistician) William Gordon Hunter , or Bill Hunter , was a statistician at the University of Wisconsin -- Madison . He was co-author of the classic book Statistics for Experimenters , and co-founder of the Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement with George E. P. Box . Hunter was born March 27 , 1937 in Buffalo , New York . In 1959 he received a bachelor 's degree from Princeton and in 1960 a master 's from the University of Illinois in chemical engineering . He then became the first doctoral student at the new department of statistics at the University of Wisconsin -- Madison founded by George Box . He contributed to the book Statistics for Experimenters by Box , William Hunter , and Stuart Hunter ( no relation to William Hunter ) . He founded the Statistics Division of the American Society for Quality and the Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement in Madison , Wisconsin . The Statistics Division of the American Society for Quality gives an annual award called the William G. Hunter Award . According to Box , '' -LSB- Hunter -RSB- wanted to make a difference in the lives of less fortunate people , and he and his family spent extended periods of time helping third world countries . '' Hunter taught in Singapore for a year and half and Nigeria for a year , both in the 1970s . In the early 1980s , before China allowed in many foreign experts , he spent a summer lecturing there . He helped build Singapore 's quality movement . Hunter was a leader in the effort to adopt the Deming system of Profound Knowledge and related ideas in the public sector . He contributed to Deming 's Out of the Crisis , relating how the city of Madison applied Deming 's ideas to a public sector organization . He was a fellow of the American Statistical Association , the American Association for the Advancement of Science , and the American Society for Quality Control . From 1963 to 1983 he was an associate editor of Technometrics . He was the chairman of the Section on Physical and Engineering Sciences of the American Statistical Association and also served on that organization 's board of directors . He served on boards for the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering . Hunter died of cancer on December 29 , 1986 at the age of 49 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5bbd3fa7ca82f2987f36baaf2300c4d", "text": "Shamus Culhane James `` Shamus '' Culhane ( November 12 , 1908 -- February 2 , 1996 ) was an American animator , film director , and film producer . Culhane worked for a number of American animation studios , including Fleischer Studios , the Ub Iwerks studio , Walt Disney Productions , and the Walter Lantz studio . He began his animation career in 1925 working for J.R. Bray studios , and is known for promoting the animation talents of his inker/assistant at the Fleischer Studios in the early 1930s , Lillian Friedman Astor , making her the first female studio animator . While at the Disney studio , he discovered while working on Hawaiian Holiday '' 's crab sequence an animation method that involved stewing for multiple days , before drawing the entire thing in rough sketches all at once , straight ahead . He was a lead animator on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , animating arguably the most well-known sequence in the film , the animation of the dwarves marching home singing `` Heigh-Ho '' . The scene took Culhane and his assistants six months to complete . During this time he developed his `` High-speed '' technique of animating with quick dashed-off sketches . He also worked as an animator on Pinocchio , where he worked on Honest John and Gideon . However , he was left uncredited on the film . During the production of the film he left Disney to work at Fleischer Studios . While there , he worked as an animator on the films Gulliver 's Travels and Mr. Bug Goes to Town . In 1944 , he collaborated on The Greatest Man in Siam with the layout artist Art Heinemann . In that animation , `` the king of Siam bolts past doorways that are distinctly phallic in shape and peers at another that mimics a vagina . '' Later in his career , Culhane worked briefly in Chuck Jones 's unit at Warner Bros , before moving on to being a director for Lantz , where he helmed Woody Woodpecker 's 1944 classic , The Barber of Seville , the cartoon famous for one of the first uses of fast cutting , after taking the idea from Sergei Eisenstein . At Lantz , he introduced Russian avant-garde influenced experimental art into the cartoons . In the late-1940s , he founded Shamus Culhane Productions ( Culhane had gone by his birthname of James up until this point , before going by its Irish variant Shamus ) , one of the first companies to create animated television commercials . It also produced the animation for at least one of the Bell Telephone Science Series films . Shamus Culhane Productions folded in the 1960s , at which point Culhane became the head of the successor to Fleischer Studios , Paramount Cartoon Studios . He left the studio in 1967 , and went into semi-retirement . Culhane wrote two highly regarded books on animation : the how-to/textbook Animation from Script to Screen , and his autobiography Talking Animals and Other People '' . Since Culhane worked for a number of major Hollywood animation studios , his autobiography gives a balanced general overview of the history of the Golden Age of American Animation . At his death on February 2 , 1996 , Culhane was survived by his fourth wife , the former Juana Hegarty , and by two sons from his third marriage , to Maxine Marx ( the daughter of Chico Marx ) : Brian Culhane of Seattle and Kevin Marx Culhane of Portland , Ore. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5e479597257631dd5f8c26deb9be017", "text": "William McKinley William McKinley Jr. ( January 29 , 1843 -- September 14 , 1901 ) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 25th President of the United States from March 4 , 1897 until his assassination in September 1901 , six months into his second term . McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals . McKinley was the last president to have served in the American Civil War , and the only one to have started the war as an enlisted soldier , beginning as a private in the Union Army and ending as a brevet major . After the war , he settled in Canton , Ohio , where he practiced law and married Ida Saxton . In 1876 , he was elected to Congress , where he became the Republican Party 's expert on the protective tariff , which he promised would bring prosperity . His 1890 McKinley Tariff was highly controversial ; which together with a Democratic redistricting aimed at gerrymandering him out of office , led to his defeat in the Democratic landslide of 1890 . He was elected Ohio 's governor in 1891 and 1893 , steering a moderate course between capital and labor interests . With the aid of his close adviser Mark Hanna , he secured the Republican nomination for president in 1896 , amid a deep economic depression . He defeated his Democratic rival , William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' ( the gold standard unless altered by international agreement ) and promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity . Rapid economic growth marked McKinley 's presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation into the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but at that time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory . Historians regard McKinley 's 1896 victory as a realigning election , in which the political stalemate of the post -- Civil War era gave way to the Republican-dominated Fourth Party System , which began with the Progressive Era . McKinley defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . However , his legacy was quickly cut short when he was shot on September 6 , 1901 by Leon Czolgosz , a second-generation Polish-American with anarchist leanings ; McKinley died eight days later , and was succeeded by his Vice President Theodore Roosevelt . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally considered above average , though his universally positive public perception was soon overshadowed by Roosevelt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc0f4b9023601bc4600d0e34e18bf6cf", "text": "A Lawman Is Born A Lawman Is Born is a 1937 American film directed by Sam Newfield .", "title": "" } ]	fever
bf44599a2aba2293c706ef8bfe15ae00	Taylor Kitsch only worked on the 2012 film Savages.	[ { "docid": "dbd3ba665c1723a398374dab734347dd", "text": "Taylor Kitsch Taylor Kitsch ( born April 8 , 1981 ) is a Canadian actor and model . He is best known for his work in films such as X-Men Origins : Wolverine ( 2009 ) , Battleship ( 2012 ) , John Carter ( 2012 ) , Savages ( 2012 ) , and Lone Survivor ( 2013 ) . Kitsch is also known for his work in television , he portrayed Tim Riggins in the NBC series Friday Night Lights ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , starred in the second season of the HBO series True Detective as Paul Woodrugh , and appeared in the television film The Normal Heart ( 2014 ) as Bruce Niles .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8fa7402170200e3d6950b17693280cc0", "text": "Kit Hawkins Kit Hawkins is an English entertainment entrepreneur and producer . Kit Hawkins is CEO and Co-Founder of creative group , Sunshine Sunshine is located in London , Los Angeles and New York . Along with Adam Tudhope , he co-founded the music management company , Everybody 's . Clients include Keane , Laura Marling and Mumford & Sons . Kit Hawkins has also produced a number of music videos for artists including Madonna and Goldfrapp . Kit Hawkins created the entertainment division of the advertising agency , Mother In 2012 , along with Al Maccuish , he was one of the Executive Producers of Amnesty International 's The Secret Policeman 's Ball at Radio City , New York . The show featured many comedians , including Ben Stiller , Jon Stewart , Russell Brand and Kristen Wiig . The musical artists were Coldplay and Mumford & Sons Kit Hawkins founded the 3D production company Nineteen Fifteen Productions which produced the world 's first live 3D television broadcast , filming Keane Live at Abbey Road for Sky . Other productions include Kylie Minogue Live in Toronto and Burberry 's 2010 Fashion Show , which was broadcast live around the world . In 2005 , the film Call Register , produced by Kit Hawkins , was nominated for a BAFTA . On 6 September 2007 Kit Hawkins was honored by the United Nations for his role as the worldwide producer of Live Earth films . Seven of the films commissioned and executive produced by Kit Hawkins opened the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival . They were introduced from the stage by Robert De Niro and Al Gore .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9a2451c7cd8675bea05a29e6e4ab2bc", "text": "Nightfall (2012 film) Nightfall is a 2012 Hong Kong crime thriller film directed by Roy Chow , starring Nick Cheung , Simon Yam , Janice Man and Kay Tse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea30f7c4cb1530d54c3504ba611204d3", "text": "The Young Savages The Young Savages is a 1961 crime drama film directed by John Frankenheimer , starring Burt Lancaster , and written by Edward Anhalt from a novel by Evan Hunter . The supporting cast includes Dina Merrill , Shelley Winters , and Edward Andrews , and The Young Savages was the first film featuring Telly Savalas , who plays a police detective , foreshadowing his later role as Kojak . Often categorized as a `` thinking man 's movie '' , it has received mixed reviews .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5719acdc439193ecd1a704fb7aa6af2f", "text": "Savages (Pocahontas song) `` Savages '' is a song from the 1995 Disney animated film Pocahontas . It addresses themes of othering , xenophobia , and genocide . The song has been negatively received by critics , with some deeming it to be racist , arguing that it encourages the listener to dehumanise Native Americans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "744a5d455bff7b35737258b2c59d71cc", "text": "The Savage Seven The Savage Seven is a 1968 exploitation film ( in the outlaw biker film subgenre ) directed by Richard Rush . The film marks the screen acting debut of Penny Marshall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb8058945561e82b4d24854993e4184d", "text": "Savage Savage may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7924fc2cb2fa6729f29ed783c536a446", "text": "Election Special Election Special is the 2012 fifteenth studio album by American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Ry Cooder . After his 2011 album Pull Up Some Dust and Sit Down , Cooder continued writing topical and storyline-inspired songs . Displeased with the Republican Party and its financial supporters , he also wanted to write an album that would address listeners during the United States presidential election of 2012 , which he believed to be a critical event in the country 's history . Election Special was recorded mostly at Drive-By Studios in North Hollywood and produced by Cooder . Election Special is an American roots and blues rock album of protest songs with music characterized by upbeat melodies , simple instrumentation , and sparse arrangements . Cooder played all of the instruments , including bass , guitar , and mandolin , with the exception of drums by his son Joachim . A deeply political album , it expands on the socio-political musings and current event topics of Pull Up Some Dust and Sit Down with forthright , satirical lyrics and song-form vignettes . Cooder 's songwriting exhibits liberal and populist sentiments and draws on older musical sources such as broadside ballads and country blues . Election Special was released by Perro Verde Records and Nonesuch Records on August 16 , 2012 , one week before the 2012 Republican National Convention . It received generally positive reviews from critics , who complimented its topical protest songs and Cooder 's musicianship . The album peaked at number 164 on the Billboard 200 chart in the US , but charted significantly higher in other countries . Cooder did not tour in promotion of the album , citing a lost interest in both playing large concert venues and the commercial aspect of releasing records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5272873ee8f203e6c13fb8b7645aa65", "text": "Excursions (film) Excursions is an American independent film directed by Daniel Martinico . The film follows two couples who retreat to a remote cabin in the woods for mysterious purposes . It was written by Martinico and Hugo Armstrong , who collaborated previously on the 2012 film OK , Good .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5513ec31d9d278c954fc86e231cfa988", "text": "Michele O'Marah Michele O'Marah ( born 1967 ) is an American video artist . Her works have been named among the best of 2002 and the best of 2010 by Artforum . O'Marah was born 1967 in Vallejo , California . She earned a B.F.A. from Tyler School of Art in Philadelphia , majoring in photography . O'Marah often remakes and reinterprets films , interviews , and other media . In the 2001 White Diamonds , Agent Orange , she recreated a 1970 60 Minutes interview with Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton and paired the remade interview with a fictionalization of the Vietnam War . A critic in Flash Art reviewed the installation unfavorably , commenting that it `` left you with a sinking feeling that artists are fiddling around while Rome is burning . '' In 2002 , O'Marah created a full-length remake of the 1983 cult film Valley Girl on an extremely low budget , casting artist friends in the video and using a borrowed video camera . Discussing the project in a later interview , she stated , '' -LSB- M -RSB- y idea was to fail the original Valley Girl . One person can not replicate the job of an 80-person film crew . So I thought that my Valley Girl would be a process piece where the video would at times be a dismal failure ... because I could never perfectly re-create the original . '' She also stated , `` I wanted my video to expose the underlying myth of the original : that Prince Charming will pursue you to the ends of the earth ... The idea of remaking it and making the construction of my video really obvious just acknowledged that the story is a construction , too . '' Writing in Artforum , Bruce Hainley called the work `` a guerrilla tour de force and a heady meditation on the simple act of doing something again '' and praised it simultaneously `` entertainment , a document of a time period and locale , a DIY manifesto , a feminist commentary with acute style , and a meditation on continuity . '' In 2006 , O'Marah worked with David Jones and Tim Jackson to create the video Faustus 's Children , a take on the Faust legend . In the melodramatic video , non-actors `` deliver an amusingly fraught dialogue reflecting on the hubris of the haute bourgeoisie . '' In 2007 , O'Marah again recreated a historic interview , remaking the 1973 Firing Line interview of Black Panther leader Huey P. Newton by conservative author William F. Buckley . Her 2010 project A Girls ' Got ta Do What a Girl 's Got ta Do remade three scenes from the 1996 Pamela Anderson film Barb Wire '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc431dbb3c3e2428ff32f656635333bb", "text": "Sparkle (2012 film) Sparkle is a 2012 American musical film directed by Salim Akil and produced by Stage 6 Films , It was released on August 17 , 2012 , by TriStar Pictures . Inspired by The Supremes , Sparkle is a remake of the 1976 film of the same name , which centered on three singing teenage sisters from Harlem who form a girl group in the late 1960s . The remake takes place in Detroit , Michigan in the 1960s during the Motown era . The film stars Jordin Sparks , Derek Luke , Whitney Houston , Mike Epps , Cee Lo Green , Carmen Ejogo , Tika Sumpter , Tamela Mann and Omari Hardwick . Sparkle features songs from the original film written by soul musician Curtis Mayfield as well as new compositions by R&B artist R. Kelly . This film is the debut of R&B / pop singer and American Idol winner Jordin Sparks as an actress . Sparkle also marks Whitney Houston 's fifth and final feature film role before her death on February 11 , 2012 , three months after filming ended . The film is dedicated to her memory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32137e687b2e1271d8c3f4ca61a79815", "text": "Goats (film) Goats is a 2012 comedy-drama film directed by Christopher Neil and written by Mark Poirier based on his 2000 novel Goats . The film stars David Duchovny , Vera Farmiga , Graham Phillips , Keri Russell , Justin Kirk , and Ty Burrell . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 24 , 2012 , and was given a limited release in the United States on August 10 , 2012 by Image Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67ecf32c7f36bd6bf4b6dbb6e3e56ba0", "text": "An Oversimplification of Her Beauty An Oversimplification of Her Beauty is a 2012 American semi-animated comedy-drama-romance film , directed by Terence Nance , following a quixotic artist who , when stood up by an attractive woman , makes a film about it and shows it to her . It premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and has received generally positive reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d3e5ec1cd3f4e7a9b318570c7820b9a", "text": "Black Reel Awards of 2012 The 2012 Black Reel Awards , which annually recognize and celebrate the achievements of black people in feature , independent and television films , took place in Washington , D.C. on February 9 , 2012 . While the film Pariah had the most nominations with nine , The Help was the big winner taking home six out of the seven awards for which it was nominated . Attack the Block and Shame were also multiple winners , with each winning two awards . Octavia Spencer , Viola Davis and Steve McQueen also won two awards apiece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4269a721f6747475909d5ba9bb2d6001", "text": "Cris Cole Cris Cole is a British writer and producer , born in Wallingford , England . He grew up in London and attended Elliott Comprehensive School in Roehampton , London . After leaving school he worked as a professional guitarist for the next 15 years , playing in bands including Jimmy The Hoover , The Directions and The Hollywood Killers . Cole then turned to writing and wrote a pilot for Tiger Aspect / BBC , called Embassy , starring Robert Daws . Cole has multiple other TV credits , including episodes of Night and Day , Twisted Tales and The Bill , feature film credits , including Lovebite ( Ecosse Films , 2012 ) and Pelican Blood ( Ecosse Films , 2010 ) , as well as the TV movie The Good Times Are Killing Me ( Shaftersbury Films , 2009 ) . Cole is best known as the creator of the award-winning and the BAFTA nominated British TV series Mad Dogs , starring Marc Warren , Max Beesley , John Simm and Phil Glenister . He was the sole writer of all 14 episodes for the four UK seasons for Sky TV , produced by Left Bank Pictures . Cole was the executive producer and showrunner on the Mad Dogs U.S. television series made by Amazon Studios/Sony Pictures Television . The show was streamed on Amazon in the US , Germany and the UK . Sony sold Mad Dogs to 140 other territories . The series starred Ben Chaplin , Michael Imperioli , Romany Malco , Steve Zahn and Billy Zane . Producers of Amazon 's adaptation of Mad Dogs toyed with the idea of having the killer wear a Donald Trump mask . In the original British series , the killer wears a Tony Blair mask . `` We thought about who it could be and went through various machinations and various ideas we realized would get us into terrible trouble , '' original Brit series creator Cris Cole told TV critics this morning at TCA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3038e5dd6b60bf511f14fb96079c587c", "text": "The Leather Boys The Leather Boys is a 1964 British drama film about the rocker subculture in London featuring a gay motorcyclist . This film is notable as an early example of a film that violated the Hollywood production code , yet was still shown in the United States , as well as an important film in the genre of queer cinema . An example of British kitchen sink realism , it was considered daring in 1964 as it touched upon homosexuality , however obliquely . Reviewers have noted that it contains naturalistic photography and period locations such as the Ace Cafe . The film is based on a novel commissioned by the London literary agent and publisher Anthony Blond , who suggested that Gillian Freeman write about a `` Romeo and Romeo in the South London suburbs '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e930bf9f7502afb4ec1c02631c3d4f9d", "text": "Herschel Savage Herschel Savage ( born Herschel Cohen on November 25 , 1952 ) is an American pornographic film actor and pornographic film director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ffe4234cacc4248ec3e042d2e9b143b", "text": "Savage Island (album) Savage Island is the second solo album and US debut album of New Zealand rapper Savage . The album won Savage the award for Best Pacific Urban Artist at the Pacific Music Awards in 2010 . It debuted at # 12 on the US Billboard Heatseeker Albums Chart and at # 53 on the US Billboard R&B chart . It soon became a success in the United States selling over 5000 copies and reaching # 25 on the Billboard R&B chart . In the RIANZ Charts it debuted at # 9 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ce6879f05729b5b247f727e5fe41144", "text": "Wither (film) Wither ( Swedish : Vittra ) is a Swedish 2012 horror film directed by Sonny Laguna and Tommy Wiklund , who wrote and produced the film along with David Liljeblad . The plot follows a group of young Swedes who travel to an abandoned cabin over the weekend . The cabin turns out to be the home of a Vittra , and the friends have to fight for their lives , aided by the hunter Gunnar ( Johannes Brost ) . The film was marketed as the first Swedish zombie film shown in cinemas and was incorrectly stated by several Swedish newspapers as being the first Swedish zombie film . The first Swedish zombie film is Die Zombiejäger from 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e19992b0b0b11b4261527c8b61fb3ef2", "text": "Echoes and Rhymes Echoes and Rhymes is a 2012 studio album by The Primitives . It is their first album since their 2009 reunion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f3702f3a528877dd820da9afb53e103", "text": "Jesse Stone: Benefit of the Doubt Jesse Stone : Benefit of the Doubt is a 2012 American television crime drama film directed by Robert Harmon and starring Tom Selleck , Kathy Baker , and Kohl Sudduth . Based on the characters from the Jesse Stone novels created by Robert B. Parker , the film is about the police chief of a small New England town who returns from his forced retirement after his replacement is blown up in the town police car . Filmed on location in Nova Scotia , the story is set in the fictitious town of Paradise , Massachusetts . Jesse Stone : Benefit of the Doubt is the eighth in a series of nine television films based on the characters of Parker 's Jesse Stone novels . The film first aired on the CBS television network on May 20 , 2012 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d55b442276c76986f90a211c9b10b03a	Rescue Me ended on September 7, 2011.	[ { "docid": "4f9c1a3424f5cb38602ddd26ca407216", "text": "Rescue Me (U.S. TV series) Rescue Me is an American comedy-drama television series that premiered on the FX on July 21 , 2004 and concluded on September 7 , 2011 . The series focuses on the professional and personal lives of a group of New York City firefighters , post 9/11 . The protagonist and focal point of the series is veteran New York City Firefighter Tommy Gavin ( Denis Leary ) . The series follows Tommy 's troubled family and co-workers as they deal with real life issues , either with post 9/11 trauma or their own domestic problems . Tommy struggles with the loss of his cousin and best friend , Firefighter Jimmy Keefe ( James McCaffrey ) , as well as fifty-nine other firefighters whom he knew , who died in the World Trade Center on September 11 , 2001 . Jimmy frequently visits Tommy in ghostly dreams . Tommy is an impatient , self-loathing , hypocritical , manipulative , relapsed alcoholic who suffers with severe survivor guilt and posttraumatic stress disorder as a result of 9/11 . In the pilot episode , Tommy and his wife Janet ( Andrea Roth ) have already separated , although they are technically still married , and Tommy has moved across the street . Although he has a poor grasp on his personal life , most of Tommy 's actions as a firefighter are heroic and brave , but despite his passion and concern for others ( and for the job ) , he is viewed by his various family members and his fellow firefighters as selfish . Rescue Me was created by Denis Leary and Peter Tolan , who also serve as executive producers and head writers , and is produced by Cloudland Company , Apostle , DreamWorks Television , and Sony Pictures Television .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4947e935ec28bd5364ce70bddedcf57a", "text": "Get Him Back `` Get Him Back '' is a song written by American singer Fiona Apple and produced by Mike Elizondo and Brian Kehew for her third album Extraordinary Machine ( 2005 ) . It was released as a promotional CD single only to triple-A radio as the album 's fourth single on February 6 , 2006 ( see 2006 in music ) . In 2003 Extraordinary Machine , which was originally produced by Jon Brion , was submitted to Sony Music executives , who were reportedly unenthusiastic about the finished product and shelved it . On February 26 , 2005 radio DJ Andrew Harms at 107.7 The End in Seattle began playing previously unheard tracks from a bootleg copy of Extraordinary Machine , and before long , poor quality copies of `` Not about Love '' , `` Get Him Back '' and `` Used to Love Him '' were circulating on the internet . Soon after , CD-quality versions of all the tracks were released through the BitTorrent website TorrentBox . An extensively reworked version of Extraordinary Machine , co-produced by Mike Elizondo and Brian Kehew , was released in October 2005 . The Chicago Tribune published a track-by-track comparison of the leaked and official versions of the album , and wrote of `` Get Him Back '' : `` Brion 's drum fills are more pronounced and strings underscore the vocals , while the Roots ' Ahmir Thompson gives the Elizondo-Kehew version a more linear groove . '' Blender magazine ranked the official version of the song at number thirty-five on its list of `` The 100 Greatest Songs of 2005 '' , and a `` 205 Best Songs to Download from 2005 '' article in the New York Post placed it at number thirty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10ba91cb2cc4d5ff53accbbd0030b216", "text": "Change Me (Justin Bieber song) `` Change Me '' is a song by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber from his second compilation album Journals ( 2013 ) discussing his life after the world turned on him was released on December 2 , 2013 . The song is the ninth in Bieber 's series Music Mondays , the first eight being `` Heartbreaker '' ( October 7 , 2013 ) , `` All That Matters '' ( October 14 ) , `` Hold Tight '' ( October 21 ) , `` Recovery '' ( October 28 ) , `` Bad Day '' ( November 4 ) , `` All Bad '' ( November 11 ) , `` PYD '' ( November 18 ) and `` Roller Coaster '' ( November 25 ) . Bieber released a new single every week for 10 weeks from October 7 to December 9 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef5b4bbc1956cc6ad28023a6f9639874", "text": "Rescue 911 Rescue 911 was an informational docudrama television series that premiered on CBS on April 18 , 1989 and ended on August 27 , 1996 . The series was hosted by William Shatner and featured reenactments ( and occasionally real footage ) of emergency situations that often involved calls to 911 . Though never intended as a teaching tool , various viewers used the knowledge they obtained watching the show . Two specials , titled `` 100 Lives Saved '' and `` 200 Lives Saved , '' were dedicated to these viewers who had written to CBS with their stories on how the knowledge they obtained watching the show allowed them to save the life of someone else . At least 350 lives have been saved as a result of what viewers learned from watching it . The show 's popularity coincided with the widespread adoption of the 911 emergency system , replacing standalone police and fire numbers that would vary from municipality to municipality . The number is now universally understood in the United States and Canada to be the number dialed for emergency assistance nationwide . At its height , the show was adapted in 45 countries ( with their own 911 equivalent showcased ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fe4ab0fe6450f4d52e7f99639c825f0", "text": "Take Me Home (2011 film) Take Me Home is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by and starring Sam Jaeger . The film also stars his wife Amber Jaeger , Lin Shaye , and Victor Garber . It premiered on April 19 , 2011 at the Nashville Film Festival . Take Me Home was released to DVD on May 29 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d7ca2080e476597de3fecf5fdba636e", "text": "2011 in American television This is a list of significant events involving American television in 2011 . Events listed include television show debuts , finales , cancellations , and channel launches , closures and re-branding , as well as information about controversies and carriage disputes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a2b3138e820d1d2b8193f459c368b16", "text": "Periodic Review Board The Periodic Review Boards administrate a US `` administrative procedure '' for recommending whether certain individuals held in the Guantanamo Bay detention camps , in Cuba are safe to release or transfer , or whether they should continue to be held without charge . The boards are authorized by and overseen by the Periodic Review Secretariat , which President Barack Obama set up with Executive Order 13567 on March 7 , 2011 . Senior Civil Service officials from six agencies sit on the Board : the United States Department of Defense , Homeland Security , Justice and State , and the offices of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Director of National Intelligence . Each member has a veto over any recommendation . Although Obama authorized the Secretariat to conduct periodic reviews in early 2011 , the first review was not conducted until late 2013 . On July 21 , 2013 , Carol Rosenberg , writing in the Miami Herald , reported that the announcement that the Boards would finally be convened followed a `` flurry of emails '' to the captives attorneys -- after years of delay . Rosenberg noted that the announcement from Norton C. Joerg , a former officer and senior lawyer with the United States Navy , came at the height of the most widespread Guantanamo hunger strike . Individuals who have faced charges , become eligible to have their status reviewed by a Periodic Review Board , if the charges they faced are dropped . In 2013 , 24 new individuals who the Guantanamo Review Task Force had recommended should face charges , had those charges dropped , and became eligible for review , when appeals courts had overturned convictions for `` providing material support for terrorism '' . During the second review , on January 28 , 2014 , that of Abdel Malik al Rahabi , nine reporters and four human rights workers were allowed to observe a video-link to the 19 minute unclassified portion of the hearing . 69 other individuals can expect to have their status reviewed . Almost half of the individuals still at Guantanamo have already been cleared for release or transfer -- some as long ago as 2005 , so critics have questioned how meaningful it had been to clear Mahmud Abd Al Aziz Al Mujahid for release . Under the Obama Administration , the Board examined 63 detainees , recommending 37 of those to be transferred . Of the 693 total former detainees transferred out of Guantanamo , 30 % are suspected or confirmed to have reengaged in terrorist activity . Of those detainees that were transferred out under President Obama , 5.6 % are confirmed and 6.8 % are suspected of reengaging in terrorist activity . The Board held its first hearing under President Donald Trump on February 9 , 2017 . Warning of the danger of recidivism , that same day eleven Republican Senators wrote a letter encouraging the President to immediately suspend the Board and to prohibit the transfer of any detainees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e559190984c9f8b5ad71a3392cc45022", "text": "People Like Me (song) People Like Me is a single by the Finnish rock band Hanoi Rocks , and is the comeback-single of the band , who had broken-up in 1985 . The single was certified Gold and reached number one on the Finnish singles chart . `` People Like Me '' is the fruit of Andy McCoy and Michael Monroe 's team-work and one of the biggest reasons for Hanoi Rocks ' rebirth , was that McCoy let Monroe be an equal songwriter with him . Originally the song was one of the last demos by the original Hanoi Rocks before their drummer Razzle died in a car crash , but the song did n't get finished until 2002 . A music video was also made , which showed the band performing in the studio and live . In Finland the song was also sold as a single , which featured `` People Like Me '' , `` Lucky '' , `` Winged Bull '' and a music video for the title-track . A promo-EP was also released in Finland which featured `` People Like Me '' , `` Lucky '' , `` Delirious '' , `` In My Darkest Moment '' and the same music video as the single , but this EP was only meant for radio , clubs and other music distributors . Still , in Japan an EP was sold which featured the songs `` People Like Me '' , `` Lucky '' , `` Delirious '' , `` Are You Lonely Tonight '' and the music video for `` People Like Me '' . `` Are You Lonely Tonight '' was n't featured on the original release of Twelve Shots on the Rocks , but is featured on the 2003 remixed version .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23ec2193004511519ef24d557938dc12", "text": "Americana (radio series) Americana was a British radio programme broadcast on BBC Radio 4 from spring 2009 to autumn 2011 . It offered a `` mix of discussion , interviews and features , with a focus on the voices of ordinary Americans '' and was touted as the `` successor for the late Alistair Cooke 's Letter from America . '' Americana premiered 31 May 2009 with Matt Frei as presenter ; According to Frei , he expected listeners to Americana would hear `` what America is talking , arguing , fretting , laughing and , yes , dreaming about . We hope to surprise , entertain and inform . And by letting America itself do most of the talking we promise never to be dull . '' After Frei left the BBC in May 2011 , Jonny Dymond took over as presenter . In July 2011 , BBC Radio 4 revealed that Radio 4 controller Gwyneth Williams , `` interest -LSB- ed -RSB- in wider internationalism and less emphasis on the US '' , decided to cancel Americana , effective in autumn . The show 's final episode was broadcast on 11 September 2011 ; the topic was the tenth anniversary of the September 11 attacks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef52746e12c273d4097eb526053838cb", "text": "Lead Me On (Amy Grant album) Lead Me On is the seventh studio album , and eleventh overall album by Christian music singer-songwriter Amy Grant , released in 1988 through A&M Recordings . Lead Me On was a departure from its predecessor , the high-energy pop album Unguarded . Unlike Unguarded or 1991 's Heart in Motion , Lead Me On was not mainstream compatible . Only three of its songs earned mainstream airplay , all of them insignificantly ( the title song charted for two weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 , reaching No. 96 , and `` Saved by Love '' and `` 1974 ( We Were Young ) '' made the Adult Contemporary chart in minor positions ) . Christian music , however , praised the album . It would later be named the No. 1 Christian album of all time by CCM Magazine , in the 2001 book CCM Presents : The 100 Greatest Albums in Christian Music . The title song was featured in WOW # 1s : 31 of the Greatest Christian Music Hits Ever .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0551ba99dbac1375992cb2f1f9764d4a", "text": "Lassie (1997 TV series) Lassie is a Canadian television series which aired from 1997 to 1999 on YTV in Canada and Sunday nights on the Animal Planet network in the United States , as a modified remake of the original Lassie series ( 1954 -- 1973 ) about a boy and his faithful dog . As with previous Lassie TV versions and several movies dating back to the original Lassie Come Home movie of 1943 , the star was Lassie , a trained Rough Collie . Not to be confused with a previous , syndicated follow-up series entitled The New Lassie which aired 1989 -- 1991 , this Canadian-produced Lassie series starred Corey Sevier as 13-year-old Timmy Cabot in the fictional town of Hudson Falls , Vermont . The show was filmed in Quebec by Cinar Inc. . In this series ' story line , Timmy and his recently widowed mother , Dr. Karen Cabot , move to Hudson Falls , where Karen takes over a veterinary practice . In the first ( 1997 ) season , Lassie was played by `` Howard '' , an eighth generation collie descended from `` Pal '' , the dog in the original 1943 movie Lassie Come Home . As with all previous Lassie movies and television series beginning with Pal , Howard was owned and trained by Weatherwax Trained Dogs , founded by brothers Frank and Rudd Weatherwax . Midway through production , Cinar replaced Howard with a non-Pal descended dog . Following Lassie fan protests , `` Hey Hey '' , son of Howard and a ninth-generation direct descendent of Pal , was brought in to assume the role of Lassie for the final thirteen episodes of the show . Although young Corey Sevier impressed critics , others complained that the series relegated Lassie to a bystander role by focusing more on the Cabot family 's dealings with various townspeople , at the expense of featuring Lassie 's action stunts and feats as had been traditional in the famous canine 's previous movie and TV incarnations . The show was canceled after two seasons . A total of 52 episodes were produced . The entire first season is available on DVD in Canada since April 4 , 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d72fca8255b0f3269ca7295e15e820b8", "text": "Save Your Heart for Me `` Save Your Heart for Me '' is a song written by Gary Geld and Peter Udell . The song was originally written for and recorded by singer Brian Hyland in 1963 . Although not released as a single in its own right , it was included as the B-side to Hyland 's song , `` I 'm Afraid to Go Home , '' and later appeared on Hyland 's 1994 greatest hits album . `` Save Your Heart for Me '' is most well known by a version recorded in 1965 by American pop group Gary Lewis & the Playboys and appears on the group 's 1965 album A Session with Gary Lewis and the Playboys . Lewis and his band released their version as a single in June 1965 , and it peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart the week of August 21 , 1965 . It was kept from the top of the chart by Sonny and Cher 's hit , `` I Got You Babe . '' However , it went to number one on the Billboard easy listening chart for three weeks in August 1965 . The song was covered by Livingston Taylor in 1993 on his album `` Good Friends . '' Lewis credited the success of the record to both producer Snuff Garrett and to the short length of the song . Since it was less than two minutes duration , Lewis has stated that '' ( I ) t was played everywhere . Deejays loved it . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fec31b603322808c51564fcc0a271d15", "text": "2011 Emmy Awards 2011 Emmy Awards may refer to : 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards , the 2011 Emmy Awards ceremony that honored primetime programming during June 2010 -- May 2011 38th Daytime Emmy Awards , the 2011 Emmy Awards ceremony that honored daytime programming during 2010 32nd Sports Emmy Awards , the 2011 Emmy Awards ceremony that honored sports programming during 2010", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7857cf9768ff317f8d4c517ab2b4b13", "text": "America: A Tribute to Heroes America : A Tribute to Heroes was a benefit concert created by the heads of the four major American broadcast networks ; Fox , ABC , NBC and CBS . Joel Gallen was selected by them to produce and run the show . Actor George Clooney organized celebrities to perform and to staff the telephone bank . The marketing and public relations was headed by Warner Bros. . EVP Corp Comm with assistance from the marketing and publicity departments of all four broadcast networks . It was broadcast live by the four major American television networks and all of the cable networks in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001 . Done in the style of a telethon , it featured a number of national and international entertainers performing to raise money for the victims and their families , particularly the New York City firefighters and New York City police officers . It aired September 21 , 2001 , uninterrupted and commercial-free , for which it won a Peabody Award . It was released on December 4 , 2001 , on compact disc and DVD . On a dark stage illuminated by hundreds of candles , twenty-one artists performed songs of mourning and hope , while various actors and other celebrities delivered short spoken messages . The musical performances took place at three studios in Los Angeles ( CBS Television City ) , New York , and London , while the celebrity messages took place at Los Angeles . Some of the musicians including Neil Young and Eddie Vedder were heard working the phone banks taking pledges . The money raised amounted to over $ 200 million , and was given to the United Way 's September 11 Telethon Fund . In 2004 , Rolling Stone magazine selected this concert , along with the later The Concert for New York City , as one of the 50 moments that changed rock and roll . The show was also simulcast in Canada ; Young and another Canadian singer , Celine Dion , performed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c72c4cff7bdca743a56901b3400ef84", "text": "Wishbone (TV series) Wishbone is a half-hour live-action children 's television show that was produced from 1995 to 1998 and broadcast on PBS Kids . The show 's title character is a Jack Russell Terrier . Wishbone lives with his owner Joe Talbot in the fictional town of Oakdale , Texas . He daydreams about being the lead character of stories from classic literature . He was known as `` the little dog with a big imagination '' . Only the viewers and the characters in his daydreams can hear Wishbone speak . The characters from his daydreams see Wishbone as whichever famous character he is currently portraying and not as a dog . The show won four Daytime Emmys , a Peabody Award , and honors from the Television Critics Association . Wishbone '' 's exterior shots were filmed on the backlot of Lyrick Studios 's teen division Big Feats ! Entertainment in Allen , Texas , and its interior shots were filmed on a sound stage in a 50,000 square foot warehouse in Plano , Texas . Additional scenes were filmed in Grapevine , Texas . This show garnered particular praise for refusing to bowdlerize many of the sadder or more unpleasant aspects of the source works , which usually enjoyed a fairly faithful retelling in the fantasy sequences . The show also inspired several book series . Altogether , there are more than fifty books featuring Wishbone , which were published even after the TV series ended production . Reruns of the show continued to air on some PBS affiliates until early 2008 . In 2006 , when a PBS Kids Go ! digital channel was announced , PBS planned to air Wishbone on the channel . However , when the digital channel was canceled , Wishbone returned in reruns on the PBS national program service . Wishbone clips came to the PBS Kids Go ! website . The return to PBS lasted a short time , though some PBS affiliates continued to air Wishbone '' until their license to do so ran out . The show continued to air in reruns until August 31 , 2001 . The Show was replaced on the PBS Kids schedule on September 3 , 2001 by Sagwa The Chinese Siamese Cat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d638229f23888331c3da0d36761cc7f", "text": "Make It Stop (September's Children) `` Make It Stop ( September 's Children ) '' is the second single from punk rock band Rise Against 's sixth studio album , Endgame . The single was released to digital music outlets on May 30 , 2011 . The song impacted radio the following day . It peaked at number six on Billboard 's Alternative Songs chart and number eight on Billboard 's Rock Songs chart . The song is part of the It Gets Better Project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e3b38bb2bde53702f4a3f862c15b76d", "text": "Calle 7 (season 11) The eleventh season of Calle 7 began on November 5 , 2012 , new contestants were introduced as some former participants left the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e6e7d5e812d2fe7532bb4827b60fd2", "text": "List of Hoarders episodes This is a list of episodes for Hoarders , an American reality television program which aired on A&E , from 2009 to 2013 , on Lifetime in 2015 , and again on A&E beginning in 2016 . Each episode follows one or two participants , each of whom is a compulsive hoarder . Throughout the episode , an organizational expert ( who may also be psychiatrist , psychologist or a professional organizer specializing in some aspect involving the treatment of obsessive/compulsive disorders , anxiety disorders , and/or hoarding ) works with the subject to address the situation and provide guidance in order to change hoarding behaviors . After the sixth season concluded on February 4 , 2013 , the program went on a hiatus before it was announced , on September 25 , 2013 , that the show had been cancelled . In June 2015 , Lifetime organized a revival of the show , after a number of successful `` Where Are They Now ? '' episodes . Lifetime recently aired the seventh season , under the subtitle Family Secrets ; the show returned to A&E on January 3 , 2016 for season eight . As of January 3 , 2016 , a total of 95 episodes aired . Most episodes are available individually on DVD from A&E 's website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3224c4b78139d356b39a7ff6f7e357b7", "text": "Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew , later called simply Rehab with Dr. Drew , is a reality television show that aired on the cable network VH1 in which many of the episodes chronicle a group of well-known people as they are treated for alcohol and drug addiction by Dr. Drew Pinsky and his staff at the Pasadena Recovery Center in Pasadena , California . The first five seasons of the series , on which Pinsky also serves as executive producer , cast celebrities struggling with addiction , with the first season premiering on January 10 , 2008 , and the fifth airing in 2011 . The sixth season , which filmed in early 2012 , featured non-celebrities as treatment subjects , and the series name shortened to Rehab with Dr. Drew . Season 6 premiered on September 16 , 2012 . In May 2013 , Pinsky announced that season six was the final season , explaining that he was tired of the criticism leveled at him after celebrities he treated had relapsed into addiction and died .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53961d064635ac1ef149b766a2c09381", "text": "Good for Me (album) Good for Me '' is the third full-length album by Flint , Michigan 's The Swellers , and second through label Fueled by Ramen . On April 22nd , 2011 it was announced on the Alternative Press website that the album would be released on June 14th , 2011 . Along with the announcement came the release of the album 's track listing , album art , and a stream of the album 's first single `` The Best I Ever Had '' . Fueled by Ramen 's webstore started pre-orders of the album that same day . The band sent handmade drawings with every preorder to promote the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "069b824b5be9e56ab8b860f8cd3244f1", "text": "List of Rescue Me episodes The following is a list of episodes from the FX Network series Rescue Me . Broadcast from 2004 to 2011 , the series aired 93 episodes over seven seasons , plus 11 additional mini-episodes .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4c262b9d9c5cdfcb2e06b1cf17397949	In Azerbaijan, according to polls, 53% of the population state that religion has importance in their lives.	[ { "docid": "415766b82894e3cc0b6c3e3f41b25edb", "text": "Azerbaijan Azerbaijan ( -LSB- æzərbaɪˈʒɑːn -RSB- ; Azərbaycan ) , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan ( Azərbaycan Respublikası ) , is a country in the South Caucasus region , situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe . It is bound by the Caspian Sea to the east , Russia to the north , Georgia to the northwest , Armenia to the west and Iran to the south . The exclave of Nakhchivan is bound by Armenia to the north and east , Iran to the south and west , while having an 11 km border with Turkey in the north west . The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence in 1918 and became the first democratic state in the Muslim orient world . The country was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1920 as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic . The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991 , prior to the official dissolution of the USSR in December 1991 . In September 1991 , the Armenian majority of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region seceded to form the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic . The region and seven adjacent districts outside it became de facto independent with the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994 . These regions are internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan pending a solution to the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh , found through negotiations facilitated by the OSCE . Azerbaijan is a unitary semi-presidential republic . The country is a member state of the Council of Europe , the OSCE and the NATO Partnership for Peace ( PfP ) program . It is one of six independent Turkic states , an active member of the Turkic Council and the TÜRKSOY community . Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 158 countries and holds membership in 38 international organizations . It is one of the founding members of GUAM , the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ) and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons . A member of the United Nations since 1992 after its independence , Azerbaijan was elected to membership in the newly established Human Rights Council by the United Nations General Assembly on 9 May 2006 . Its term of office began on 19 June 2006 . Azerbaijan is also a member state of the Non-Aligned Movement , holds observer status in World Trade Organization and is a correspondent at the International Telecommunication Union . The Constitution of Azerbaijan does not declare an official religion and all major political forces in the country are secularist . However , the majority of the population are of a Shiite Muslim background . Most Azerbaijanis however , do not actively practice any religion , and the country has been seen to be one of the most irreligious countries in the Muslim world , with 53 % stating religion has little to no importance in their lives , according to Pew Research Center and Gallup polls . Azerbaijan has a high level of human development which ranks on par with most Eastern European countries . It has a high rate of economic development and literacy , as well as a low rate of unemployment . According to the Davos World Economic Forum , Azerbaijan 's economy has scored 37th place within 138 countries in 2016 . Global Competitiveness Index 2015 indicates that Azerbaijan scores highest in its region . ASAN services , established with Presidential Decree , are countrywide known for eliminating bribery and corruption in the provision of public services . ASAN Service has been awarded with United Nations ' Public Service Award 2015 , which is the most prestigious award in the world in the field of public service delivery . The ruling party , the New Azerbaijan Party , has been accused of authoritarianism and human rights abuses .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e0e10f096b81bf8ee26543aa3f4614ba", "text": "Alcohol in Iran Alcohol in Iran is prohibited for the majority of its citizens , due to laws against consumption of alcohol by Iranian Muslims who make up the great majority of the country . Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979 , strict laws against alcohol were enacted , and alcohol consumption is regulated under the Islamic legal term of hudud , `` crimes against God '' . Despite complete prohibition for Muslim citizens , there is still widespread alcohol use across Iran . Alcohol is the second most popular drug in Iran , after opiates . Non-Muslim citizens are granted a limited permission to produce alcohol for consumption within their community . This exemption , however , also leads to a attitude towards them ( especially Armenians ) as alcohol dealers , and a segment of black market alcohol in Iran comes through the minority community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cdb2782c3a2948e1dfb3a8171025bc2", "text": "Immigration to Turkey Since the 19th century , an exodus by the large portion of Turkish ( Turkic ) and Muslim peoples ( who are termed `` Muhacir '' under a general definition ) from the Balkans ( Balkan Turks , Albanians , Bosniaks , Pomaks ) , Caucasus ( Abkhazians , Ajarians , ` Circassians ' , Chechens ) , Crimea ( Crimean Tatar diaspora ) , Crete ( Cretan Turks ) , took refuge in present-day Turkey and moulded the country 's fundamental features . Trends of immigration towards Turkey continue to this day , although the motives are more varied and are usually in line with the patterns of global immigration movements -- Turkey , for example , receives many economic migrants from nearby countries such as Armenia , the Republic of Moldova , Georgia , Iran , and Azerbaijan , but also from Central Asia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a80944a6876882f61e771f61521b1c6f", "text": "Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union Throughout the history of the Soviet Union ( 1922 -- 1991 ) , there were periods where Soviet authorities suppressed and persecuted various forms of Christianity to different extents depending on State interests . Soviet Marxist-Leninism policy consistently advocated the control , suppression , and ultimately , the elimination of religious beliefs , and actively encouraged atheism in the Soviet Union . Most religions were never outlawed . The state advocated the destruction of religion , and it officially pronounced religious beliefs to be superstitious and backward . The Communist Party destroyed churches , mosques and temples , ridiculed , harassed , incarcerated and executed religious leaders , flooded the schools and media with anti-religious teachings , and it introduced a belief system called `` scientific atheism , '' with its own rituals , promises and proselytizers . In 1925 the government founded the League of Militant Atheists to intensify the persecution . The total number of Christian victims under the Soviet regime has been estimated to range between 12-20 million . Religious beliefs and practices persisted among the majority of the population , in the domestic and private spheres but also in the scattered public spaces allowed by a state that recognized its failure to eradicate religion and the political dangers of an unrelenting culture war .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08a1cc4f6bf97bc2be43a4b5fad9a4da", "text": "Cult image In the practice of religion , a cult image is a human-made object that is venerated or worshipped for the deity , spirit or daemon that it embodies or represents . Cultus , the outward religious formulas of `` cult '' ( meaning religious practice , as opposed to the pejorative term for a potentially dangerous `` new religion '' ) , often centers upon the treatment of cult images , which may be dressed , fed or paraded , etc. . Religious images cover a wider range of all types of images made with a religious purpose , subject , or connection . In many contexts `` cult image '' specifically means the most important image in a temple , kept in an inner space , as opposed to what may be many other images decorating the temple . The term idol is often synonymous with cult image , but may be used especially of a cult image believed not just to depict or represent a deity or spirit , but in some sense to be one itself . Sometimes the image is believed to have its own powers , to grant wishes or otherwise affect the world . In cultures where idolatry is not viewed negatively , the word idol is not generally seen as pejorative , such as in Indian English . Cult of images is the practice of worshipping or venerating religious or cult images representing divine figures . Common in a number of ancient religions , the practice continues most prominently today in Hinduism . The Abrahamic religions all specifically ban idols and idolatry ; all have had internal divisions and disputes as to what constitutes the proper or improper use of images in religion , and many Abrahamic religious sects use or venerate images with varying degrees of fervor . In general the belief that an image itself is the object of worship , and itself has or embodies a spirit with inherent powers , tends to be hard to verify when a religious context is examined closely , or to be held at a popular level but denied by the clergy of a religion . Assertions by others outside the religious group concerned that such beliefs are held by the group are however common .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be5cfdeede03133c595be792f5fdbc63", "text": "Religion in Ukraine Religion in Ukraine is diverse , with a majority of the population adhering to Christianity . A 2016 survey conducted by the Razumkov Centre found that 70 % of the population declared themselves believers . About 65.4 % of the population declared to be adherents of various types of Orthodoxy ( 25 % Orthodoxy of the Kievan Patriarchate , 21.2 % just Orthodox , 15 % Orthodoxy of the Moscovian Patriarchate , 1.8 % Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church , and 2 % other types of Orthodoxy ) , 7.1 % just Christians , 6.5 % Greek Rite Catholics , 1.9 % Protestants , 1.1 % Muslims and 1.0 % Latin Rite Catholics . Judaism and Hinduism were the religions of 0.2 % of the population each . A further 16.3 % declared to be non-religious or did not identify in those religions listed hitherto . According to the surveys conducted by Razumkov in the 2000s and early 2010s , such proportions have remained relatively constant throughout the last decade , while the proportion of believers overall has decreased from 76 % in 2014 to 70 % in 2016 . ( p. 22 ) . As of 2016 , Christianity is particularly strong in westernmost Ukrainian regions , where most Greek Catholics live besides the Orthodox population . In central , southern and eastern regions , Christians constitute a smaller proportion of the total population , particularly low in the easternmost region of Donbass . Another religion that is present in Ukraine besides Christianity is Rodnovery ( Slavic native faith ) , which is significantly influent in the country and comprises Ukrainian - and Russian-language communities ( some Rodnover organizations call the religion Православ ' я Pravoslavya , `` Right-piety '' / `` Orthodoxy '' , thus functioning in homonymy with Christian Orthodox churches ) . Hinduism has been spread after the collapse of the Soviet Union by Indian and International Society for Krishna Consciousness ' missionaries and is particularly present in the Donbass region . Crimean Tatars professing Islam represent a significant part of the population in Crimea , which prior 2014 was a subject of Ukraine , but has been since that year a subject of Russia . As of 2016 , without Crimea , where Muslims formed 15 % of the population in 2013 , only Donbass maintains a larger community of Muslims compared to other Ukrainian regions ( 6 % ) . A 2006 survey of the same Razumkov Center found that : 62.5 % of all respondents were unaware of their religious affiliation , not religious or not affiliated to any religious body , 33.6 % were Christians ( 26.8 % Orthodox , 5.9 % Catholics , and 0.9 % Protestants ) , 0.1 % were Jewish , and 3.8 % were members of other religions . Since before the outbreak of the War in Donbass in 2014 , but even more violently so from that year onwards , there has been unrest between pro-Ukrainian and pro-Russian religious groups in the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89cca407a8713b2e0436cc2e2606b838", "text": "Armenian nationalism Armenian nationalism in the modern period has its roots in the romantic nationalism of Mikayel Chamchian ( 1738 -- 1823 ) and generally defined as the creation of a free , independent and united Armenia formulated as the Armenian Cause ( հայ դատ , -LSB- -LSB- hɑj dɑt -RSB- -RSB- or Hye Dat ) . Armenian national awakening developed in the 1880s in the context of the general rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire . The Russian Armenia followed with significant causes . The Armenian Apostolic Church has been a great defender of Armenian nationalism , with leaders like Khrimian Hayrik who devoted his life to the peasantry . The establishment of modern Armenia ( 1991 ) and Armenian social fabric becoming more complex gradually decrease the political influence of Hay Dat and shifted towards a modern Armenian nationalism modeled as a liberal nationalism . On the other hand , the Armenian diaspora have `` diaspora nationalism , '' which maintain that the threat of assimilation rather than economic advantage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f1c32e6ec70ac8f16a8305c9ad8da0b", "text": "Second International Islamic Unity Conference From August 2 through the 4th , 1996 , some 7,000 attendees and over 125 speakers from around the globe attended a three-day marathon of lectures , parallel workshop sessions , prayer , praise of Muhammad and Islamic social interaction . Officially known as the International Islamic Unity Conference , it started off with a press session on Friday morning and ended with a parade through downtown Los Angeles on Sunday evening . Attendees praised the organizers for an excellent , though intense schedule of speeches by muftis , Islamic scholars , international political leaders , American political figures and an array of interfaith events . Chaired by Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani , the conference was sponsored by As-Sunnah Foundation of America , the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order and by a number of other charitable and religious organizations . Many felt the conference organization was exemplary , the facilities at the Los Angeles ' Westin Bonaventure Hotel excellent and the wide variety of cultural food and Islamic entertainment very apropos for such an international event . The many San Francisco Bay Area attendees were happy to find a number of prominent local Islamic activists featured , as well as those from national ISNA , IQRA , MPAC and other national Islamic organizations well represented . The spirit of unity was especially apparent at the `` Peace in the Streets '' session , where about 20 former gang leaders , along with the popular rap star MC Hammer , took shahada with Shaykh Nazim al-Qubrusi , Grand-mufti of Cyprus and worldwide leader of the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order . Attendees were treated to sessions on politics , importance of schools of thought , purification of the heart , establishing Islamic economic power , educational curriculum initiative and many other subjects , discussed from the main podium as well as in intimate workshops where speakers and attendees were able to express their views . A major event occurred on Saturday night , with the launching of the International Day of the Orphan , which is expected , given the sponsorship of California 's Assembly , and endorsement by a number of international organizations , to become a globally sponsored day for recalling the plight of orphans and children in difficulty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a4a26f87094172c7e3ab426ae3ae8f6", "text": "Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states After the dissolution of the Soviet Union ( USSR ) in December 1991 , about 25 million ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states found themselves living outside the Russian Federation . All former Soviet citizens had a time window within which they could transfer their former Soviet citizenship to Russian citizenship . Where they did not exercise that choice , their resulting citizenship status outside Russia varied by state : from no perceivable change in status - as in Belarus - to becoming permanently resident `` non-citizens '' - as in Estonia and Latvia , which restricted citizenship to their pre-World War II citizens and their offspring ( regardless of ethnic group ) upon restoration of their independence in continuity with their sovereign identities prior to June 1940 . However , most people in practice found the `` time window '' concept not feasible , as the citizenship issue linked closely to the issue of owning property owned by the state before privatization . For many people , a change of citizenship would actually mean relocating and leaving behind everything - or most of what they had previously owned or been able to access . the largest ethnic Russian diaspora populations outside Russia live in the United States and in the `` near abroad '' countries . The populations involved include those in : Ukraine ( about 8 million ) , Kazakhstan ( about 3.8 million ) , the United States ( about 3 million ) , Belarus ( about 780,000 ) , Uzbekistan ( about 650,000 ) Kyrgyzstan ( about 360,000 ) and Latvia ( about 556,422 ) . In June 2006 Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a plan to introduce national policy aiming at encouraging ethnic Russian immigration to Russia . Does not include Abkhazia ( 2011 census : 22,077 Russians or 9.1 % of the population ) or South Ossetia ( 2007 estimate : 2,100 Russians or 3.0 % of the population ) . In Turkmenistan , there were estimated to be at most 150,000 ethnic Russians as of 2007 , or under 2 % of the population . In Uzbekistan the same year , the Russian population stood at some 800,000 people or under 4 % of the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77618a40fbaab08186dbe6efd00ca7eb", "text": "Ehli Beyt Scholars Association The Ehli Beyt Scholars Association ( Ehlibeyt Alimleri Derneği , abbr . Ehla-Der ) is the main Turkish Jaafari Shia organization founded on May 31 , 2011 in Istanbul . Its present chairman is Kadir Akaras . The Twelver Shia community represents 3 % of the Muslim population in Turkey , more than three million members , most of whom are ethnic Azeris who live in the eastern provinces neighbouring to Azerbaijan , more particularly in the Iğdır and Kars provinces , and in Istanbul in neighbourhoods close to the airport ( Halkalı , Bakırkoÿ ) and on the Asian side to the East of Kadiköy ( Kayışdağı ) . They have 70 mosques in Istanbul and some 300 throughout the country and receive no state funding for their mosques and imams as the Presidency of Religious Affairs ( Diyanet ) is exclusively Sunni .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a6cb98c0f2674a88c76efc8fc91eb04", "text": "Christianity in Pakistan Christians make up one of the two largest ( non-Muslim ) religious minorities in Pakistan , along with Hindus . The total number of Christians in Pakistan were estimated at 2.5 million in 2005 , or 1.6 % of the population . Of these , approximately half are Roman Catholic and half Protestant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29fb4113d7413929c579331a33e3c97c", "text": "Religion in Sweden Lutheran Christianity is officially the largest religion in Sweden , with 6.1 million Swedish citizens being members of the Church of Sweden . The high membership figure is mainly due to the fact that until 1996 all newborn children with at least one parent being a member of the church were also made members . Other Christian Churches include the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church . Islam is the second largest religion in Sweden , practiced by 5 % of the population . The rest of the population are either irreligious or members of other religious groups . Sweden was Christianized from Norse paganism during a long period , not final until the 1130s . Since the 16th century , Sweden has been predominantly Lutheran . From the Protestant Reformation in the 1530s until 2000 , the Lutheran Church of Sweden ( Svenska kyrkan ) was the state church . As of 2016 , 61.2 % of Swedish citizens are members of the Church of Sweden , compared to over 95 % in 1970 , and 83 % in 2000 . Despite that , religion in Sweden plays a limited role compared to the European average , and even many church members participate in religious activities for only cultural reasons , and do not believe in Christianity . Atheism and agnosticism are widespread in Swedish society . In a Eurobarometer Poll in 2010 , just 18 % of Swedish citizens responded that `` they believe there is a god '' , although a further 45 % answered that `` they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force '' . In a 2009 Gallup poll , 17 % answered yes to the question `` Is religion an important part of your daily life ? '' . A survey found that only 15 % of Church of Sweden members actually believe in Jesus , while another 15 % identified as atheists , and a quarter as agnostic . Less than 4 % of the Church of Sweden membership attends public worship during an average week ; about 2 % are regular attendees . Some scholars consider the nation to be a place where religion is regarded with `` benign indifference '' . The history of the Jews in Sweden can be traced back to the 17th century , and there are about 20,000 ethnic Jews in Sweden today , of whom about 7,000 belong to a Jewish religious congregation . Because of immigration in the latter part of the 20th century , there is today a sizeable minority of Muslims ( 5 % of population ) and Roman Catholics ( 2 % ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f689802b157dd1cae3d4c56339b7ed5", "text": "Demographics of Bulgaria The demography of the Republic of Bulgaria is monitored by the `` Natsionalen Statisticheski Institut '' ( National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria ) . This article is about the demographic features of the population of Bulgaria , including population density , ethnicity , education level , health of the populace , economic status , religious affiliations and other aspects of the population . Bulgaria has a high Human Development Index of 0.794 , ranking 56th in the world in 2016 and holds the 38th position in Newsweek 's rankings of the world 's best countries to live in , measuring health , education , political environment and economic dynamism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e6be93d9f70eb1d2464a088ca367be4", "text": "Southern California InFocus Southern California InFocus is a free monthly tabloid-format newspaper serving the Muslim community in Southern California . Its offices are in Anaheim . InFocus was started in Anaheim , California on February 4 , 2005 . It is the largest Muslim newspaper in Southern California . Asma Ahmad , a Pakistani Canadian citizen who grew up in Saudi Arabia attending American-run schools and formerly edited the national newsletter of the Muslim Students Association , is the paper 's managing editor and only full-timer staffer . Its deputy editor is Muneer Adhami . The Council on American Islamic Relations financially subsidizes and provides office space for the newspaper , but the managing editor states that the paper is `` editorially independent from CAIR '' . 20,000 copies of the paper are printed monthly ; 500 copies are mailed to paid subscribers and the remainder are distributed free through Muslim-owned businesses and mosques in Southern California . The paper `` covers a large variety of local , national , and international events , features , profiles , and has the following sections : arts , book review , restaurant review , Islam , money , legal , kids , travel , interfaith , commentary , and opinion . '' The paper describes its mission as : '' ... serving to document the rich history of Muslims in the Southland -- past and present . Through feature stories , mosque profiles , interviews of individuals who have made a difference , and in-depth coverage of news stories affecting Muslims , InFocus is the first localized effort in Southern California to record the American Muslim experience . For American Muslims , it is a platform which brings forth issues of their concern . For the larger community , it is a window into the Muslim world right here in California '' . Managing editor Ahmad describes the paper as , `` an Islamic newspaper but not a publication about Islam , '' and says she wants , `` In Focus to concentrate on issues important to Muslims , such as civil rights and discrimination , which she says are largely ignored by the mainstream media in the post-Sept . 11 world . '' Ahmad said the community is committed to democracy . An editorial in the March issue offered qualified support for President Bush 's Middle East policy and called for the democratization of Arab countries , urging Muslims to turn the `` breeze of democracy into an unstoppable wind . '' More than anything , Ahmad said , she wants the newspaper to pull American Muslims into the mainstream . `` We can keep our religion and not have an isolationist approach . We can do this in America , '' she said .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c471cda4652208b2b181e7413c5eb179", "text": "Islam in Georgia (country) Islam in Georgia was introduced in 654 when an army sent by the Third Caliph of Islam , Uthman , conquered Eastern Georgia and established Muslim rule in Tbilisi . Currently , Muslims constitute approximately 9.9 % of the Georgian population . According to other sources , Muslims constitute 10-13 % of Georgia 's population . In July 2011 , Parliament of Georgia passed new law allowing religious minority groups with `` historic ties to Georgia '' to register . The draft of the law specifically mentions Islam and four other religious communities . Mosques in Georgia operate under the supervision of the Georgian Muslim Department , established in May 2011 . Until then the affairs of Georgia 's Muslims had been governed from abroad by the Baku-based Caucasus Muslims Department . In 2010 , Turkey and Georgia signed an agreement by which Turkey will provide funding and expertise to rehabilitate three mosques and to rebuild a fourth one in Georgia . While Georgia will rehabilitate four Georgian monasteries in Turkey . The Georgia-Turkey agreement will allow the reconstruction of the historical Azize mosque in Batumi , Ajaria demolished in the middle of the last century . Turkey will rehabilitate the mosques at Samtskhe-Javakheti and Akhaltsikhe regions , Kobuleti District , build the Azize mosque burned down in 1940 and restore the Turkish bathhouse in Batumi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "592372b7b6cafad290a85b0ef387e8af", "text": "Religion in Dominica According to the 2001 population and housing census , approximately 61 percent of Dominica 's population is Roman Catholic . Followers of evangelical churches represent 18 percent of the population , Seventh-day Adventists 6 percent , and Methodists 3.7 percent . Minority religious groups and denominations , whose members range from 1.6 percent to 0.2 percent of the population , include Rastafarians , Jehovah 's Witnesses , Anglicans , and Muslims . According to the census , 1.4 percent of the population belongs to `` other '' religious groups , including Baptist , Nazarene , Church of Christ , Brethren Christian , the Baha'i Faith and Buddhist ; 6 percent of the population claims no religious affiliation . The Constitution provides for freedom of religion , and other laws and policies contributes to the generally free practice of religion . The law at all levels protects this right in full against abuse , either by governmental or private actors . The Government generally respects religious freedom in practice . In 2008 , the U.S. government received no reports of societal abuses or discrimination based on religious affiliation , belief , or practice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfbb0b4e293fba172e9fa02802dd94f5", "text": "Islamic Azad University of Shiraz The Islamic Azad University , Shiraz Branch is a private university located in Shiraz , Iran . It is a part of private chain of universities in Iran called the Islamic Azad Universities . The Islamic Azad University of Shiraz with over 290 faculty and academic staff , 82,000 square meters of educational space , 7,500 square meters of administration space , 15,200 square meters of sporting space , is the biggest private university in the southern region of Iran . The headquarters of the Islamic Azad University is in Tehran , Iran . The Islamic Azad University was founded in 1982 and currently has an enrollment of 1.7 million students , 30,000 Alumni and 35,000 Administrators making it the world 's third largest . Over 3.5 million students have graduated from the Islamic Azad University since its establishment . Islamic Azad University has a total area of 16 million square meters and over 440 branches across Iran and also in other countries around the world . It has also international branches and universities in the U.A.E , United Kingdom , Tanzania , Lebanon , Afghanistan and Armenia and has plans to establish more branch campuses in Malaysia , Canada , and Tajikistan in the near future . Over the years , the university has accumulated assets estimated to be worth between $ 20 and $ 25 billion . The total Area of the University is said to be 20 million square meters . Some 4 million students have graduated from this university to this date , which has made it possible for a lot of people to get access to higher educations and better employment prospects . In the recent years a lot of effort has been made to expand the graduate studies at the Islamic Azad University . The Islamic Azad University has about 200,000 Master 's Degree students and about 20,000 PhD level students . The university system also operates a news agency similar to ANA , named `` Azad News Agency '' . Islamic Azad University 's activities quickly expanded throughout the country , so that today thousands of students are enrolling every year . Not relying on government funding , it receives charitable donations and charges tuition fees . The Islamic Azad University also operates some 617 schools throughout the country , these schools are known as SAMA . The degrees and certificates issued by this university are recognized by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education . Post-graduate degrees have been offered in many different branches of Islamic Azad University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8e1f8174298d4a836aa64d22ac51b23", "text": "Etiquette in the Middle East Many matters of etiquette in the Middle East are connected to Islam as it is written in the Qur ` an and how it has been traditionally understood and practiced throughout the centuries . Prescribed Islamic etiquette is referred to as Adab , and described as `` refinement , good manners , morals , ethics , decorum , decency , humaneness and righteousness '' . As such , many points discussed in this article are applicable in other regions of the Islamic world . This holds especially true in Muslim majority countries outside Middle East . The Middle East is home to many people who follow faiths besides Islam . Most notable among them are the churches of Eastern Orthodox Christianity , Copts and other adherents of Oriental Orthodoxy , Maronites , Melkites other Catholics of the Eastern Rites as well as the Roman Rite , Zoroastrians , Bahá ' ís , and various Jewish denominations . In many cases , however , Muslims and non-Muslims in the Middle East will share characteristics , whether it is the prohibition against pork ordained by both Islamic and Jewish dietary restrictions , a preference for the beverage widely known elsewhere as `` Turkish coffee '' , or knowledge of how to conduct business in a crowded souk without being cheated . It is a place where people with different beliefs often share the same traditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd1aecdba95a81e407e1f0a9608254ad", "text": "Islam in Canada According to Canada 's 2011 National Household Survey , there were 1,053,945 Muslims in Canada or about 3.2 % of the population , making them the second largest religion after Christianity . In the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , 7.7 % of the population is Muslim , and in Greater Montreal , Muslims are 6 % of the total population . A majority of the Muslim population in Canada follows Sunni Islam , while a significant minority adhere to the Shia and Ahmadiyya branches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc40704f4fc175bb1c1aba61561fd580", "text": "LGBT rights in Armenia Lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) rights in Armenia are not legislated in both the legal and social spheres . Homosexuality has been legal in Armenia since 2003 . However , even though it has been decriminalized , the situation of local lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) citizens has not changed substantially . Many LGBT Armenians fear being socially outcast by their friends and families , causing them to keep their sexual orientation or gender identity private . Recently , the LGBT community in Armenia has become better connected due to social media , although a sense of fear and a desire for anonymity remains due to the nation 's conservative culture . Homosexuality remains a taboo topic in many parts of Armenian society . In a 2012 study , 55 % of correspondents in Armenian stated that they would cease their relationship with a friend or relative if they were to come out as gay . Furthermore , this study found that 70 % of Armenians find LGBT people to be `` strange . '' There is , moreover , no legal protection for LGBT persons whose human rights are violated regularly . Armenia has been ranked 47th out of 49 European countries for LGBT rights , with Russia and neighboring Azerbaijan taking the 48th and 49th positions , respectively . The younger generation of Armenians still remain very unknowledgeable about many LGBT issues , likely attributed to the family culture where young people live at home until they reach the primary goal for many Armenians , heterosexual marriage . Many LGBT claim to fear violence in their workplace or from their family , and therefore , are said to not file complaints of claimed human rights violations or of criminal offences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57aa65a086e70d3a044d6e85d514e3ab", "text": "Russian Orthodox Church in Azerbaijan The Russian Orthodox Church is the main group of Eastern Orthodoxy in Azerbaijan . Many of its members are Russians . Azerbaijan is a mainly Shiite Muslim country which used to be part of the Russian Empire and the USSR . The Holy Myrrhbearers Cathedral , the Church of Michael Archangel and at least one further Russian Orthodox church exist in Baku .", "title": "" } ]	fever
500712f9473995b7aafbf2452315392c	Payton Manning signed with the Broncos following his release from the Colts in 2012.	[ { "docid": "a1d4df2431d092112dc718ee3a816cb0", "text": "Peyton Manning Peyton Williams Manning ( born March 24 , 1976 ) is a former American football quarterback who played 18 seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) , primarily with the Indianapolis Colts . Considered to be one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time , he spent 14 seasons with the Colts and was a member of the Denver Broncos in his last four seasons . Manning played college football for the University of Tennessee , leading the Tennessee Volunteers to the 1997 SEC Championship in his senior season . He is the second son of former NFL quarterback Archie Manning and older brother of New York Giants quarterback Eli Manning . Manning was selected by the Indianapolis Colts as the first overall pick in the 1998 NFL Draft . From 1998 to 2010 , he improved the fortunes of the struggling Colts franchise and helped transform them into playoff contenders . During his tenure as starting quarterback , Manning led the team to eight division championships , two AFC championships , and one Super Bowl title , the franchise 's first in over three decades , as well as their first since relocating to Indianapolis . After undergoing neck surgery that forced him to miss the entire 2011 season , Manning was released by the Colts and signed with the Denver Broncos . Serving as the team 's starting quarterback from 2012 to 2015 , he contributed to the Broncos reaching the top of their division each year and his playing career concluded with a victory in Super Bowl 50 . Manning holds many NFL records , including passing yards ( 71,940 ) , touchdown passes ( 539 ) , AP MVP awards ( 5 ) , Pro Bowl appearances ( 14 ) , and 4,000-yard passing seasons ( 14 ) . A two-time Super Bowl winner and the most valuable player of Super Bowl XLI , Manning is also the only quarterback to start the Super Bowl for two different franchises more than once each and the only starting quarterback to win a Super Bowl with two different franchises . At 39 years of age , Manning is the oldest quarterback to start in and win a Super Bowl . Manning is also the only quarterback in NFL history to make the Super Bowl four times with four different head coaches ( Dungy , Caldwell , Fox , and Kubiak ) . During a 2009 Monday Night Football game , Manning received the nickname `` The Sheriff '' from color commentator Jon Gruden due to his tendency to audible prior to the snap , and he was one of the most recognizable and parodied players in the NFL . Teams led by Manning typically utilized the hurry-up offense in place of the standard huddle .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1c9e8acb49c57abc680079981ffa6855", "text": "Andre Caldwell Andre Jerome Caldwell ( born April 15 , 1985 ) , nicknamed Bubba , is an American football wide receiver and kickoff returner who is currently a free agent . Caldwell played college football at Florida , where he was a member of a BCS National Championship team . A third-round pick in the 2008 NFL Draft , he has played professionally for the Cincinnati Bengals and Denver Broncos . With the Broncos , he won Super Bowl 50 against the Carolina Panthers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07c9c96a073fe9bdc60c38679fd8dc35", "text": "Tim Wrightman Timothy John Wrightman ( born March 27 , 1960 ) is a former professional American football tight end . He played for two seasons for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League . Wrightman played college football at UCLA and was drafted in the 3rd round by the Chicago Bears in the 1982 NFL Draft . But a contract dispute with the Bears led him to sign with the Chicago Blitz of the United States Football League , thus making him the first NFL draft pick who signed with the now defunct United States Football League . He won a Super Bowl ring with the Bears in 1985 , and was re-signed to a two-year deal in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44e5f6518ecd5c3ae7f9a4ed32c8e6c0", "text": "Albert Evans (American football) Albert Tremmell Evans ( born October 16 , 1989 ) is a former American football safety . He was signed as an undrafted free agent following the 2012 NFL Draft . He played college football at Purdue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5cb74ecce9468e80a84674bad807193", "text": "Rahim Moore Rahim Shaheed Moore ( born February 11 , 1990 ) is an American football free safety who is currently a free agent . He was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the second round of the 2011 NFL Draft . He played college football at UCLA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f62c35b6449464a00314716b8506b99c", "text": "1994 Denver Broncos season The Denver Broncos season was the team 's 35th year in professional football and its 25th with the National Football League . The season would be noted for being the final year that Wade Phillips was head coach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7bcbabbee9a8dd3061623115f10b9bd", "text": "Jared Allen Jared Scot Allen ( born April 3 , 1982 ) is a former professional American football defensive end . After playing college football for Idaho State University for four years , he was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League ( NFL ) in the fourth round of the 2004 NFL Draft . After four years with the Chiefs , he was traded to the Minnesota Vikings in exchange for three draft picks , including a first-rounder . He spent six years with the Vikings before joining the Chicago Bears as a free agent in 2014 . During the 2015 season , he was traded to the Carolina Panthers , with which he made his first career Super Bowl . A five-time Pro Bowl and four-time All-Pro selection , Allen tallied 136 quarterback sacks during his 12-year career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c39b8eac030fb322c2c8aa30af7dfa18", "text": "Eric Page Eric Anthony Page ( born September 23 , 1991 ) is an American football wide receiver and punt returner who was most recently a member of the Edmonton Eskimos . He played college football for the University of Toledo , and received consensus All-American honors . The Denver Broncos signed him as an undrafted free agent following the 2012 NFL Draft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb18f6567b9d69d39f7ac709717a870a", "text": "Gary Kubiak Gary Wayne Kubiak ( born August 15 , 1961 ) is a former American football coach and player . He served as head coach for the NFL 's Houston Texans from 2006 to 2013 and of the Denver Broncos in 2015 and 2016 before stepping down from the position on January 1 , 2017 , citing health reasons . He also had jobs as assistant coach at Texas A&M University and with the San Francisco 49ers and Denver Broncos . Kubiak played quarterback in college at Texas A&M . He was drafted in the 8th round , 197th overall pick , of the 1983 NFL Draft by the Broncos where he played from 1983 to 1991 as the backup to John Elway . He participated in seven Super Bowls , losing three as a player with the Broncos , winning three as an assistant coach with the Broncos and the San Francisco 49ers and winning Super Bowl 50 as the head coach of the Broncos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e981c241b316cfab0343c9120f84f27d", "text": "Shelby Harris Shelby Harris ( born August 11 , 1991 ) is an American football defensive end for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He was drafted by the Oakland Raiders in the seventh round of the 2014 NFL Draft . He played college football at Illinois State .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d9e60abad905e371e76b0d48bcb8188", "text": "Owen Daniels Owen Gerald Daniels ( born November 9 , 1982 ) is an American football tight end who is currently a free agent . He played college football for the University of Wisconsin , and was drafted by the Houston Texans in the fourth round of the 2006 NFL Draft . He is a two-time Pro Bowl selection . He has also played for the Baltimore Ravens and Denver Broncos . As a Bronco , he helped the team win Super Bowl 50 over the Carolina Panthers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c5c8e524c00cd1e3d8d8dc67a1ec974", "text": "Jordan Senn Jordan Senn ( born June 11 , 1984 ) is a former American football linebacker . He was signed by the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent in 2008 . He played college football at Portland State . Senn also played for the Carolina Panthers and Chicago Bears .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef0940d810b4cc819938c9c07c43fb07", "text": "2015 Pro Bowl The 2015 Pro Bowl was the National Football League 's all-star game for the 2014 season . It began at 6 pm local time on January 25 at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale , Arizona , and it was the first Pro Bowl to be held outside of Hawaii since 2010The game was televised nationally by ESPN . The game continued the `` unconferenced '' format that was debuted in the 2014 Pro Bowl . The game was the third Pro Bowl that took place in the same site as that year 's Super Bowl . It was also the sixth consecutive year where the Pro Bowl took place prior to the Super Bowl . Hall of Fame wide receivers Cris Carter and Michael Irvin were selected as the alumni captains of the game . Jason Garrett of the Dallas Cowboys and John Harbaugh of the Baltimore Ravens were the game 's coaches . The coaches were to come from the higher seeded teams in each conference to lose in the Divisional Round of the 2014 -- 15 NFL playoffs , which has been the convention since the 2010 Pro Bowl . However , the Denver Broncos ( the highest seeded Divisional Round loser in the AFC ) and head coach John Fox mutually agreed to part ways following their playoff loss , so Harbaugh ( who coached the Ravens , the other Divisional Round loser from the AFC ) was selected instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "763ae0769631e18c2b8514608f2b7f49", "text": "Wesley Duke Wesley Duke ( born June 21 , 1981 ) is a football player . Duke was a tight end for the Denver Broncos in the National Football League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1964e3694e1966f54b6ef32ee8a812db", "text": "Orson Mobley Orson Odell Mobley ( born March 4 , 1963 ) is a former professional American football player who played tight end for five seasons for the Denver Broncos after being drafted in the sixth round . He played in three Super Bowls , XXI XXII XXIV and started in two of them . Mobley ran into problems with the league late in his career and was suspended for substance abuse violations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc85315427cf714bf947bfd6d9529717", "text": "Marcus Robertson Marcus Aaron Robertson ( born October 2 , 1969 ) is a former American football safety in the National Football League , and currently the defensive backs coach for the Denver Broncos . He has also coached defensive backs for the Detroit Lions and Tennessee Titans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6691e846e6e08e23c520f3fc5970ff38", "text": "2004 NFL Draft The 2004 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players . It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting . The draft was held April 24 -- 25 , 2004 at the Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York City . No teams chose to claim any players in the supplemental draft that year . The draft was shown on ESPN both days and eventually moved to ESPN2 both days . The draft began with the San Diego Chargers selecting Mississippi quarterback Eli Manning with the first overall selection . Manning was later traded to the New York Giants for their first selection , fourth overall pick Philip Rivers of NC State . There were 32 compensatory selections distributed among 16 teams , with the Eagles , Rams , and Jets each receiving 4 compensatory picks . The draft set several records , including the most wide receivers selected in the first round , with seven . Another record set by the draft was the most trades in the first round , with twenty-eight trades . The University of Miami set an NFL record for the most first rounders drafted with 6 . Ohio State set an NFL draft record having 14 total players selected through all rounds . As of 2012 , this draft also has two other records attached to it : it became the draft with the shortest time between having multiple quarterbacks being drafted and starting for Super Bowl winners ( Ben Roethlisberger for the 2005 Steelers , and Manning for the 2007 Giants ) and it has become the first draft ever to have produced two QBs who each won multiple Super Bowls ( with Roethlisberger winning his second in 2008 and Eli his second in 2011 ) . The 255 players chosen in the draft were composed of : __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aded42776c385174c87df8b77c546da5", "text": "Floyd Little Floyd Douglas Little ( born July 4 , 1942 ) is a former American football halfback , and was a three-time All-American at Syracuse University . In 1967 , he was the 6th selection of the first common AFL-NFL draft . He was the first ever first-round draft pick to sign with the American Football League 's Denver Broncos , where he was known simply as `` The Franchise . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df7c565a72fc808c9e567c4a737031c1", "text": "Reggie Wayne Reginald Wayne ( born November 17 , 1978 ) is a former American football wide receiver who spent his entire 14-year career with the Indianapolis Colts . He played college football for the University of Miami , and was drafted by the Colts in the first round ( 30th overall ) of the 2001 NFL Draft . A six-time Pro Bowl selection , Wayne was a member of the Colts ' Super Bowl XLI championship team that beat the Chicago Bears . He ranks seventh all-time in NFL career receptions , ninth all-time in NFL receiving yards , and 23rd all-time in career touchdown receptions . On December 14 , 2014 , Wayne played in both his 209th game and his 142nd win as a member of the Colts , breaking the franchise records set by Peyton Manning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7395c4a6a5b35820d4d5110c2da6ef89", "text": "Darryl Stonum Darryl Stonum ( born February 14 , 1990 ) is an American football return specialist and wide receiver playing his final year of collegiate athletic eligibility for the 2012 Baylor Bears football team . He played at the University of Michigan from 2008 to 2010 and set the Michigan Wolverines football record for most kickoff return yards in a single season with 1,001 yards as a member of the 2009 team . He was the second leading receiver on the 2010 team . He was suspended for the full season from the 2011 team for alcohol-related offenses for which he was placed on probation . He violated this probation and was sentenced to jail on January 6 , 2012 . He was dismissed from the Michigan football team Jan. 17 , 2012 , after serving a short jail term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70e4ac6e9784574896d993ab6914b2b3", "text": "2002 Denver Broncos season The Denver Broncos season was the team 's 43rd year in professional football and its 33rd with the National Football League . With the sudden retirement of Terrell Davis in the preseason , Denver had to rely on rookie Clinton Portis , who provided an instant spark to the Broncos running game . Despite his presence , however , the Broncos finished with a 9-7 record , and narrowly missing the postseason .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a3877d8dbe49af68ca8ffa6b711eba4c	Christopher Lee portrayed Francisco Scaramanga in the film The Man with the Golden Gun.	[ { "docid": "04bf082f7123d2ab6deecdd60ffb3abc", "text": "Christopher Lee Sir Christopher Frank Carandini Lee ( 27 May 1922 -- 7 June 2015 ) was an English character actor , singer , and author . With a career spanning nearly 70 years , Lee initially portrayed villains and became best known for his role as Count Dracula in a sequence of Hammer Horror films . His other film roles include Francisco Scaramanga in the James Bond film The Man with the Golden Gun ( 1974 ) , Saruman in The Lord of the Rings film trilogy ( 2001 -- 2003 ) and The Hobbit film trilogy ( 2012 -- 2014 ) , and Count Dooku in the second and third films of the Star Wars prequel trilogy ( 2002 and 2005 ) . Lee was knighted for services to drama and charity in 2009 , received the BAFTA Fellowship in 2011 , and received the BFI Fellowship in 2013 . Lee considered his best performance to be that of Pakistan 's founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the biopic Jinnah ( 1998 ) , and his best film to be the British horror film The Wicker Man ( 1973 ) . He frequently appeared opposite Peter Cushing in Hammer Horror films , and late in his career had roles in six Tim Burton films . Always noted as an actor for his deep , strong voice , Lee was also known for his singing ability , recording various opera and musical pieces between 1986 and 1998 , and the symphonic metal album Charlemagne : By the Sword and the Cross in 2010 , after having worked with several metal bands since 2005 . The heavy metal follow-up Charlemagne : The Omens of Death was released on 27 May 2013 , Lee 's 91st birthday . He was honoured with the `` Spirit of Metal '' award at the 2010 Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards ceremony . Lee died from complications of respiratory problems and heart failure on the morning of 7 June 2015 , at the age of 93 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "105334c91d00ffa067ecfff2c2897d00", "text": "A Dangerous Man: Lawrence After Arabia A Dangerous Man : Lawrence After Arabia is a British television film of 1992 depicting the experiences of T. E. Lawrence and Emir Feisal of the Hejaz at the Paris Peace Conference after the end of the First World War . One of the conference 's many concerns was determining the fates of territories formerly under the rule of the defeated Ottoman Empire . The film stars Ralph Fiennes ( in his first film role ) as T. E. Lawrence , Alexander Siddig ( then credited as Siddig El-Fadil ) as Faisal , Denis Quilley as Lord Curzon , and Nicholas Jones as Lord Dyson . It was made by Anglia Films and Enigma Television , and was first screened on 18 April 1992 on the ITV network . The film was produced in 1990 , a year after David Lean 's film epic , Lawrence of Arabia ( 1962 ) , was re-released to cinemas . It serves as an unofficial sequel to that earlier film , as it depicts events that happened after the Great War . The film 's screenplay was written by Tim Rose Price . Christopher Menaul directed the film . The film goes further than its predecessor in reflecting the work of contemporary historians . It demonstrates contemporary concerns about British and international politics and ethnic conflict . It also explores further Lawrence 's enigmatic personality and suggests more openly his alleged homosexuality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9a0cc3000a330f87b2eeb96fcbcaa3b", "text": "Gérard Tichy Gerard Tichy ( also Gérard Tichy , Gerhard Tichi and Gerardo Tichy ) was a Spanish actor of German descent , who appeared in numerous movies , including several international productions . He was born in Weißenfels , Germany , on March 11 , 1920 , and died in Madrid , Spain , on April 11 , 1992 . Tichy participated in World War II and held the rank of a lieutenant when it ended . He was put in a French POW camp but soon managed to escape to Spain . There he started his film career in the war epic Balarrasa ( 1951 ) and quickly became a prominent character actor in Spanish cinema , ultimately appearing in 99 films over the course of his career . A capable if not fluent English speaker , Tichy also appeared in several international productions that were filmed in Spain , most notably King of Kings ( 1961 ) as Joseph , El Cid ( 1961 ) playing King Ramirez , and Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) as Liberius , a Red partisan commander . He appeared in numerous spaghetti Westerns , most notably Sergio Corbucci 's Compañeros ( 1971 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1307dfb0753c083c8e2a7441f2bffad6", "text": "An Eye for an Eye (1981 film) An Eye for an Eye is a 1981 American action film directed by Steve Carver , and starring Chuck Norris , Christopher Lee , Richard Roundtree , Matt Clark , Mako Iwamatsu , and Maggie Cooper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a7e8810bf2882ef7411afa85af38838", "text": "Lee Roberts Lee Roberts was a film actor during the Hollywood Golden Age . Sometimes he is credited as Robert Allen or Lee J. Roberts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4debceab3c80314b473057b47fa295f7", "text": "Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer ( born December 13 , 1929 ) is a Canadian theatre , film and television actor . After making his film debut in Stage Struck ( 1958 ) , Plummer went on to a successful film career , now spanning more than five decades . Some of his most notable film performances include : The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) , Waterloo ( 1970 ) , The Return of the Pink Panther ( 1975 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Dragnet ( 1987 ) , Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country ( 1991 ) , A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , National Treasure ( 2004 ) , The New World ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . In a career which includes substantial roles in each of the dramatic arts , Plummer is best known to film audiences as the aristocratic widower , Captain Georg von Trapp , in the musical film The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , alongside Julie Andrews . Plummer has ventured into various television projects , including the miniseries The Thorn Birds ( 1983 ) . Plummer has notably portrayed several historical figures , including Arthur Wellesley , First Duke of Wellington in Waterloo ( 1970 ) , Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , Mike Wallace in The Insider ( 1999 ) , and Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station ( 2009 ) . Plummer has won numerous awards and accolades for his work , including an Academy Award , two Emmy Awards , two Tony Awards , a Golden Globe Award , a SAG Award , and a BAFTA Award . With his win at age 82 in 2012 for Beginners , Plummer is the oldest actor ever to win an Academy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e58c2800d55ef8ff28f24cdabf83c869", "text": "Saturday Night Live Samurai In the early years of Saturday Night Live , John Belushi portrayed an archetypal samurai -- he had a dedicated concept of honor , spoke only ( mock ) Japanese , and wielded a katana . Sketches featuring the character showed him in different occupations that would not be expected for a samurai . He always performed his tasks perfectly , despite scaring his clients quite a few times . The character was modeled after Toshiro Mifune 's character in Akira Kurosawa 's Yojimbo . Samurai Futaba would probably not have become a recurring character if not for Buck Henry 's insistence that there be a second sketch featuring him when he first hosted on January 17 , 1976 . It is perhaps due to these origins that it became standard practice on SNL to feature a Samurai sketch every time Henry hosted , until the time Belushi left the cast . Except for `` Samurai BMOC '' , each time Henry would play the same character , Mr. Dantley . In issue # 74 of Marvel Team-Up ( cover dated October , 1978 ) , Belushi ( in character as Samurai Futaba ) dueled the Marvel Comics supervillain Silver Samurai . In the story , the Silver Samurai sought to recover a ring containing a teleportation device that had inadvertently come into Belushi 's possession . The Samurai also appears briefly in issue # 54 of The Sandman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "656c988248cc4a4bf2d4110878815109", "text": "Robert Dunham Robert Dunham ( July 6 , 1931 -- August 6 , 2001 ) was an American actor , entrepreneur , writer , racecar driver , journalist , and a US Marine . He is probably best known for his role as Antonio , Emperor of Seatopia in Godzilla vs. Megalon ( 1973 ) ; Dunham 's biggest role would be that of Mark Jackson in the Japanese film , Dogora ( 1964 ) and Captain Martin in The Green Slime ( 1968 ) . Dunham was an American living in Japan during most of the country 's `` Golden Age '' of cinema , and worked in films directed by Ishiro Honda , Jun Fukuda , and Kinji Fukasaku . He sometimes was billed as Dan Yuma or Danny Yuma . Born in Maine , to an affluent family , his parents were Earl and Charlotte Dunham . He has a sister named Patricia June . Robert grew up in Wellesley Hills , Massachusetts . He attended Noble and Greenough School in Dedham , Massachusetts . Dunham was later accepted into Williams College , in Williamstown , Massachusetts , where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Art History . After graduating college , Dunham joined the United States Marine Corps . He was stationed in Yokohama , Japan and served for two years as a Lieutenant . Later , he attended correspondence school to learn how to speak Japanese . After being honorably discharged from the Marine Corps. , Dunham decided to stay in Japan and opened up his own import/export business . Dunham lived in Tokyo for 22 years , with a Japanese wife Keiko , and their two children , Barbara Ann and Daniel . They later divorced . He met a Japanese model , Setsuko Sazawa , whom he married in 1969 . They had two children , Emiko ( Emmy ) and Marcia . Dunham and his wife Setsuko , moved to Den-en-chōfu , an affluent suburb of Tokyo , where they lived from 1970 -- 75 . In 1975 , Dunham decided to move his family to the United States and moved to Cape Cod , Massachusetts . He became a freelance writer , often contributing material to magazines such as Car and Driver . Unlike many other Westerners in Japanese films at the time , Dunham spoke fluent Japanese and as such , was one of few foreign actors who would maintain their real voice in the released product without the need of over-dubbing by a Japanese actor . Dunham admitted to having had a `` torrid love affair '' with his co-star of many films , Linda Miller . The relationship ended after Miller moved back to the United States and Dunham claimed to have `` lost track of her '' after having kept up correspondence via postal mail for a time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86bedad402a7e298fc0742ac5fa56d36", "text": "Gunmen (1988 film) Gunmen is a 1988 Hong Kong action crime drama film produced by Tsui Hark , directed by Kirk Wong and starring Tony Leung , Adam Cheng and Waise Lee . The film was rated Category III by the Hong Kong motion picture rating system .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b54651fb488c67b50a3d4dc5cede7106", "text": "Gina Hiraizumi Gina Hiraizumi is a Juilliard alumni , who has been acting professionally for over 15 years . With over 5 features releasing for 2017 , her career is taking an exciting leap . Her next theatrical release is with A-List Japan star , MIEKO HARADA in the drama feature , TOKYO NEW YORK as `` Keiko '' - a Japanese girl forced to work in the underground Tokyo hostess club world for survival , while Harada plays the mama-san boss in this Japanese scripted feature . This international drama feature by Award-winning director , Naghmeh Shirkhan is set to release in 2017 . In the crime/murder TV series , DEADLY SINS ( 2016 / ID Discovery ) Gina was the lead title role of real life Filipina criminal , `` Rosalina Misina Mendoza '' in this full hour biopic tale . She portrays the role of Rosalina in her early 20 's ( she is now in her 60 's , incarcerated in prison without parole in Seattle , WA ) and portrays her character from the start , as the story unfolds from her harsh beginnings in Manila , Philippines to the United States . Her character has stirred a lot of emotions with the fans of the show , as Twitter exploded with comments upon the TV release . Network television credits include CASTLE and FLASH FORWARD ( ABC ) , SHARK ( CBS ) , QUINTUPLETS ( FOX ) . Gina played the beauty queen wife of martial arts superstar , JASON SCOTT LEE ( `` Dragon : Bruce Lee Story '' ) in the WWII period piece feature , ONLY THE BRAVE and co-starred in DAY OF INDEPENDENCE by Academy Award Winner , director Chris Tashima . Gina 's past celebrity endorsement deals include KILAUEA FIRE ( Hawaiian Hot Sauce ) as seen in the Hawaiian Airlines ' HANA HOU MAGAZINE and a 2010 CALENDAR by Hilton Hawaiian Village . A calendar signing tour took her around the world and was a massive success . The eldest of 3 sisters , Gina grew up in Los Angeles , CA while traveling to Tokyo 2-3 times a year , every year of her life . Growing up privileged , her father was a successful entrepreneur - the owner of a global travel agency , which allowed the entire family to live an international lifestyle . Many summers were spent attending Japanese schools in Tokyo , Japan and swimming the beaches in Honolulu , Hawaii . Gina got her start in acting when her whole family was cast in a Japanese commercial for `` House Curry '' when she was 15 . She enrolled herself in acting training as a teenager with her first acting coach , Aaron Speiser - the coach behind Jennifer Lopez and Will Smith . Upon acceptance to Juilliard , she took off a handful of years mid-career to get formal training in NYC . To this day , the most transformative moment of her career was when she was invited over to the home of fellow Juilliard Alumni , VIOLA DAVIS ( `` How to Get Away with Murder '' ) . Recalling some of the life and business lessons she was mentored with , she still credits that meeting for the most `` lifechanging meeting of my life . '' Gina recently got married to her husband , Blayne and plans to start a family in the next year . She lives in Los Angeles , CA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c0e4812a7ce10d2cf8beca649ea1d36", "text": "Lee Majors Lee Majors ( born Harvey Lee Yeary ; April 23 , 1939 ) is an American film , television and voice actor . Majors is best known for portraying the roles of Heath Barkley in the American television Western series The Big Valley ( 1965 -- 1969 ) , Colonel Steve Austin in the American television science fiction action series The Six Million Dollar Man ( 1973 -- 1978 ) , and Colt Seavers in American television action series The Fall Guy ( 1981 -- 1986 ) . In the television series The Six Million Dollar Man , Steve Austin takes on special high-risk government missions using his superhuman bionic powers . The television character Steve Austin became a pop culture icon of the 1970s . Majors reprised the role of Colonel Steve Austin in several bionic reunion television movies in the late 1980s and 1990s . He appeared in a number of supporting , recurring and cameo roles in feature films and television series , and lent his voice to a number of animated TV series and video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bb1e1372c552b1c2d9b5c28dac6989f", "text": "Golden Knight The Golden Knight is a fictional character , a comic book knight published by DC Comics . He first appeared in The Demon vol . 3 , # 20 ( February 1992 ) , and was created by Alan Grant and Val Semeiks . The character is based on the mythical knight Percival as defined by Chrétien de Troyes ' unfinished fifth romance , Perceval , le Conte du Graal ( Perceval , the Story of the Grail ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f071d3d78268dc151524db28e80c037", "text": "Christopher Walken Christopher Walken ( born Ronald Walken ; March 31 , 1943 ) is an American stage and film lead and character actor who has appeared in more than 100 films and television shows , including , Annie Hall ( 1977 ) , The Deer Hunter ( 1978 ) , The Dogs of War ( 1980 ) , The Dead Zone ( 1983 ) , A View to a Kill ( 1985 ) , Batman Returns ( 1992 ) , True Romance ( 1993 ) , Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) , Sleepy Hollow ( 1999 ) , Catch Me If You Can ( 2002 ) , Hairspray ( 2007 ) , Seven Psychopaths ( 2012 ) , the first three Prophecy films , The Jungle Book ( 2016 ) , as well as music videos by many popular recording artists . Walken has received a number of awards and nominations during his career , including winning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of Nikanor `` Nick '' Chebotarevich in The Deer Hunter . He was nominated for the same award and won BAFTA and Screen Actors Guild Awards for his performance as Frank Abagnale Sr. in Catch Me If You Can . Walken 's films have grossed more than $ 1 billion in the United States . He has also played the lead in the Shakespeare plays Hamlet , Macbeth , Romeo and Juliet and Coriolanus . He is a popular guest-host of Saturday Night Live , having hosted seven times . His most notable roles on the show include record producer Bruce Dickinson in the `` More Cowbell '' sketch , the double-entendre-named , disgraced Confederate officer Colonel Angus and , in multiple appearances , The Continental . Walken debuted as a film director and scriptwriter with the short film Popcorn Shrimp in 2001 . He also wrote and acted the main role in a play about his idol Elvis Presley , titled Him , in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "beb024b0661347a69c11677859d286d1", "text": "The Golden Coach The Golden Coach ( Le Carrosse d'or La carrozza d'oro ) is a 1952 film directed by Jean Renoir that tells the story of a commedia dell ` arte troupe in 18th century Peru . The screenplay was written by Renoir , Jack Kirkland , Renzo Avanzo and Giulio Macchi and is based on the play Le Carrosse du Saint-Sacrement by Prosper Mérimée . It stars Anna Magnani , Odoardo Spadaro and Duncan Lamont .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02b2abd77170197b7ae137ff009afee6", "text": "The Man with the Golden Gun The Man with the Golden Gun may refer to : The Man with the Golden Gun ( novel ) , a 1965 Ian Fleming novel The Man with the Golden Gun ( film ) , a 1974 film , starring Roger Moore as James Bond The Man with the Golden Gun ( soundtrack ) , the soundtrack of the 1974 film `` The Man with the Golden Gun '' ( song ) , the title song of the 1974 film , sung by Lulu `` Man With the Golden Gun '' , an Alice Cooper song that did not make the film 's soundtrack and was instead released on 1973 's Muscle of Love album Francisco Scaramanga , the titular villain of both the novel and the film", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cac3bdc3ab2910f6993a7d76352154fd", "text": "Raymond Lee Harvey Raymond Lee Harvey was an Ohio-born unemployed American drifter . He was arrested by the Secret Service after being found carrying a starter pistol with blank rounds , ten minutes before President Jimmy Carter was to give a speech at the Civic Center Mall in Los Angeles on May 5 , 1979 . Although he had a history of mental illness , police investigated his claims that he was part of a four-man operation to assassinate the president . He claimed that he had been approached by three Latino men staying at the Alan Hotel who gave him the starter pistol , and asked him to shoot it into the ground to create a diversion , so they could then shoot the president from their hotel room during the distraction . According to Harvey , he fired seven blank rounds from the starter pistol on the hotel roof on the night of May 4 , to test how much noise it would make . He then spent the night in a room taken by one of the men , whom he knew as `` Julio '' , but who was later identified as a 21-year-old illegal Mexican alien who gave the name Osvaldo Espinoza Ortiz . At the time of his arrest , Harvey had eight spent rounds in his pocket , as well as 70 unspent blank rounds for the gun . The names `` Lee Harvey '' and `` Osvaldo '' ( Osvaldo is the Spanish equivalent to `` Oswald '' ) drew comparisons to Lee Harvey Oswald , who assassinated President John F. Kennedy . This led conspiracy theorists to claim that the incident was set up to scare Carter into submission . Although originally dismissed as `` a tale spun by an intoxicated man , '' police investigating the claims found a room in the Alan Hotel rented under the name `` Umberto Camacho , '' the name of an alleged conspirator given by Ortiz , containing a shotgun case and three unspent rounds of ammunition . The occupant had checked out of the hotel room the day of the alleged assassination attempt . Harvey was jailed on a $ 50,000 bond , given his transient status , and Ortiz was alternately reported as being held on a $ 100,000 bond as a material witness or held on a $ 50,000 bond being charged with burglary from a car . Charges against the pair were ultimately dismissed for a lack of evidence . His age at the time of the event has been alternately given as 34 or 35 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a0f785dc9d060e4c07901ead9ff42ae", "text": "Lee Wallace (actor) Lee Wallace ( born July 15 , 1930 ) is an American actor of film , stage , and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6201db8e090a1eb5246376683420cf6a", "text": "George Leech (actor) George Leech ( 6 December 1921 -- 17 June 2012 ) was a British film actor and stunt performer who was notable for his work on eleven James Bond films . Leech was born in London and left school at 14 . He was a boxer who won the ABA National Championships when he was 15 as a welterweight and he joined the Royal Navy in 1943 . His first job in movies was performing a stunt involving falling down steps doubling for James Mason in Odd Man Out ( 1947 ) . He was notable for his contributions to James Bond films from 1962 to 1985 as a stunt performer and in small acting roles ( usually as a henchman ) including : Dr. No ( 1962 ) , Goldfinger ( 1964 ) , Thunderball ( 1965 ) , On Her Majesty 's Secret Service ( 1969 ) , For Your Eyes Only ( 1981 ) , and A View to a Kill ( 1985 ) . He also worked on The Guns of Navarone , Chitty Chitty Bang Bang , Kelly 's Heroes , The Eagle Has Landed and Revenge of the Pink Panther . He married in 1952 . One of his two daughters Wendy Leech became one of the first female stunt performers and married the stuntman Vic Armstrong . Leech died at age 90 in Cardiff .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09a57cbb16bc02726c124e6dd564a634", "text": "Lee Montague Lee Montague ( born 16 October 1927 ) is an English actor noted for his roles on film and television , usually playing tough guys . Film credits include The Camp on Blood Island , Billy Budd , The Secret of Blood Island , Deadlier Than the Male , Brother Sun , Sister Moon , Mahler and The Legacy . Theatre credits include : Who Saw Him Die by Tudor Gates staged in 1974 at London 's Theatre Royal Haymarket in which he played the part of John Rawlings the nemesis of former police Superintendent Pratt played by Stratford Johns . Television credits include : The Four Just Men , Danger Man , The Baron , The Troubleshooters , Department S , Dixon of Dock Green , The Sweeney , Holocaust , Space : 1999 , Minder , The Chinese Detective , Bergerac , Bird of Prey , Dempsey and Makepeace , Jekyll & Hyde , Casualty and Waking the Dead . In the sitcom Seconds Out he had a regular part as the manager of a boxer played by Robert Lindsay.Bergerac ( Henri Gupont ) in several episodes He also holds the distinction of being the first storyteller on the BBC children 's programme Jackanory in 1965 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64c2a087d895ecc73ddbacf9afdfcd43", "text": "Tony Lee (actor) Tony Lee is an actor . He attended Le Conte High School in Los Angeles , went to college at the University of California at Berkeley , and graduated with a degree in law from the University of California at Los Angeles . He has been admitted to the State Bar of California . He currently works for Cunningham Lindsey as a Customer Service Officer . Nonetheless , he has been playing mostly non-recurring roles in various television series since 2000 such as his role in The West Wing episode entitled `` Han '' , except for Lost , where he played Jae Lee for three episodes . He is also well known for playing his role as Tony Lee in the Nickelodeon television sitcom Just Jordan .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ff58d4d8bdf5e8a598f70751c8f91be4	The Muppet Christmas Carol is a television show.	[ { "docid": "a9d2cc75be30fdf9f38846e9e0e540d8", "text": "The Muppet Christmas Carol The Muppet Christmas Carol is a 1992 American musical fantasy comedy-drama film and an adaptation of Charles Dickens 's 1843 novel A Christmas Carol . It is the fourth in a series of live-action musical films featuring The Muppets , with Michael Caine starring as Ebenezer Scrooge . Although it is a comedic film with contemporary songs , The Muppet Christmas Carol otherwise follows Dickens 's original story closely . The film was produced and directed by Brian Henson for Jim Henson Productions and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The Muppet Christmas Carol was dedicated to the memory of Muppets creator Jim Henson and fellow puppeteer Richard Hunt , who died during pre-production .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "42412bcd6a37043853bb234d4aa3421d", "text": "Davey and Goliath Davey and Goliath is an American clay-animated children 's television series produced by first the United Lutheran Church in America and later the Lutheran Church in America and created by Art Clokey , Ruth Clokey , and Dick Sutcliffe . The show was aimed at a youth audience , and generally dealt with issues such as respect for authority , sharing and prejudice . Eventually these themes included serious issues such as racism , death , religious intolerance and vandalism . Each 15-minute episode features the adventures of Davey Hansen and his `` talking '' dog Goliath ( although only Davey and the viewer can hear him speak ) as they learn the love of God through everyday occurrences . Many of the episodes also feature Davey 's parents John and Elaine , his sister Sally , as well as Davey 's friends : Jimmy , Teddy , and Nathaniel in earlier episodes , Jonathan , Jimmy , Nicky , and Cisco in later ones . Critics cite the show as tastefully prompting the spiritual curiosity of children , without coming off as preachy . In general , the characters found themselves in situations that had to be overcome by placing their faith in God . Davey 's friends Nathaniel ( in the 1960s episodes ) and Jonathan ( in the 1970s episodes ) were black , and were some of the first black characters to appear as friends of a television show 's lead character . Following Clokey 's success with the Gumby series , Davey and Goliath premiered in syndication on February 25 , 1961 as a Saturday feature , and lasted until 1965 . By May 1961 , it was reported that `` Millions of children in cities and towns across the United States and Canada are talking about two new television stars , ` Davey and Goliath ' . '' After its initial run , several 30-minute holiday special episodes were created in the late 1960s . The series then resumed with some new characters in 1971 and continued until 1973 . In 1975 , a final 30-minute summer episode was created . In 2004 , Joe Clokey produced a new episode , `` Davey and Goliath 's Snowboard Christmas '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5800d6aad53067622445fa582a1ff9cf", "text": "Spitting Image Spitting Image is a British satirical puppet show , created by Peter Fluck , Roger Law and Martin Lambie-Nairn . The series was produced by ` Spitting Image Productions ' for Central Independent Television over 18 series which aired on the ITV network . The series was nominated and won numerous awards during its run including 10 BAFTA Television Awards , including one for editing in 1989 and two Emmy Awards in 1985 and 1986 in the Popular Arts Category . The series featured puppet caricatures of celebrities prominent during the 1980s and 1990s , including British Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and John Major and other politicians , US president Ronald Reagan , and the British Royal Family ; the series was the first to caricature Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother ( as an elderly gin-drinker with a Beryl Reid voice ) . One of the most-watched shows of the 1980s and early 1990s , the series was a satire of politics , entertainment , sport and British culture of the era , and at its peak it was watched by 15 million people . The series was cancelled in 1996 , after viewing figures declined . ITV had plans for a new series in 2006 , but these were scrapped after a dispute over Ant & Dec puppets used to host Best Ever Spitting Image , which were created against Roger Law 's wishes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47377e5694b9462f5bd1c1c66c11fe3f", "text": "PB&J Otter PB&J Otter is an American animated children 's television series which premiered on Playhouse Disney on March 15 , 1998 . A total of 65 episodes were produced during the course of its three season run , with the `` farewell '' episode airing on September 24 , 2000 ( although a Halloween episode was the last aired episode , on October 15 , 2000 ) . The series centered on the Otter family who lived in the rural fishing community of Lake Hoohaw . Most stories revolved around the Otter kids : older brother Peanut , younger sister Jelly and diapered baby Butter ( named after the peanut butter and jelly sandwich ) , as well as their friends and neighbors . Supporting characters included gossipy Cranes , overly hygienic raccoons , a junk-collecting mayor and some very wealthy poodles . The show was created by Jim Jinkins and executive-produced by David Campbell in close conjunction with Harvard University 's Cognitive Skills Group , `` Project Zero '' . The Group 's job was to monitor each and make sure the material had a positive educational message . This show features songs by Dan Sawyer and Fred Newman . PB&J Otter was nominated for an Annie Award for outstanding music in an animated show in 2000 . The show aired in reruns on Playhouse Disney from 2001-2005 and on Disney Junior from 2012-2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11da7b6ecfe4d6361144611dea632226", "text": "Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series . The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense . Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 . In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01757044222d499fd05350e44fa587f0", "text": "The Looney Tunes Show The Looney Tunes Show is an American animated sitcom that ran from May 3 , 2011 , through August 31 , 2014 , on Cartoon Network . The show consist of two series , each containing 26 episodes , and features characters from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoons updated for the 21st century . It is produced by Warner Bros. . Animation . On July 29 , 2014 , producer Tony Cervone confirmed that the series would not be renewed for a third season in light of Wabbit . Looney Tunes : Rabbits Run is an animated direct-to-video spin-off film released on August 4 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "124ccd3f9e916317240ab7a8f218c9b1", "text": "The Magic Window The Magic Window ( also known as The House with the Magic Window ) was an American children 's television program broadcast on ABC affiliate WOI-TV in Ames , Iowa from 1951 to 1994 . With a run of 43 years , it was the longest running children 's television program in American history . ( Bozo 's Circus technically had a longer run ; however , it was made in many different local markets by different producers . ) Producer Dick Hartzell and WOI TV artist Joy ( Ringham ) Munn developed the show as an educational children 's program , which featured handicraft activities , news items , and birthday recognition for the children viewing the show . Joy co-hosted the show with Craighton Knau for the first season ( 1951-1952 ) , which was 30 minutes long and aired 3 times per week . During the second season , she became the sole host of the program . For that season the show was 15 minutes long and aired 5 days per week . Joy left the show in 1953 . For all but the first three years of the show , it was hosted by Betty Lou Varnum , another pioneer in central-Iowa broadcasting . Betty Lou Varnum , who is best known for The Magic Window , but was versatile enough to host such other shows as a teen dance party , election coverage , and a call in ` issues ' show , hosted the show , along with a cast of puppets such as Gregory Lion , Dusty the Unicorn , and Catrina Crocodile . The heart of the show was Betty Lou teaching kids a new craft each episode ( using kid-safe items such as construction paper , safety scissors , and cellophane tape ) . The puppets would help out by opening the curtain to the screen on which various featurettes were shown . These included episodes from Tales of the Riverbank , Felix the Cat , and a series called `` Let 's Be Friends '' which introduced viewers to a child from another city or country , sharing their culture and lifestyle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f7495330da11bc38d4ddb67339cb3d3", "text": "The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show is an American animated web television series that is produced by DreamWorks Animation and Jay Ward Productions . The series is based on the 1960s segments , called `` Peabody 's Improbable History '' , that aired as part of The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show , and the 2014 film , Mr. Peabody & Sherman , which was also produced by DreamWorks Animation . The series premiered on October 9 , 2015 , on Netflix . The second season was released on March 18 , 2016 . The third season was released on October 21 , 2016 . The fourth season was released on April 21 , 2017 . The series is digitally hand-drawn , with the Vancouver-based DHX Media providing the animation . Mr. Peabody is voiced by Chris Parnell , while Max Charles reprises his role as Sherman from the film . According to The Animation Guild , I.A.T.S.E. Local 839 , 78 episodes of the television series have been ordered .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f72d5d57abc102bb2fe31c32faba2eb", "text": "Panel show A panel show or panel game is a radio or television game show in which a panel of celebrities participates . Participants may compete with each other , such as on The News Quiz ; facilitate play by non-celebrity contestants , such as on Match Game/Blankety Blank ; or do both , such as on Wait Wait Do n't Tell Me . The genre can be traced to 1938 , when Information Please debuted on U.S. radio . The earliest known television panel show is Play the Game , a charades show in 1946 . The modern trend of comedy panel shows can find early roots with Stop Me If You 've Heard This One in 1939 and Can You Top This ? in 1940 . While panel shows were more popular in the past in the U.S. , they are still very common in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ec9331680c9705c7043c438a6141d3d", "text": "Halloween Is Grinch Night Halloween Is Grinch Night ( titled Grinch Night for the sing-a-long videocasette release and The Grinch That Stole Halloween ) is a 1977 Halloween musical TV special and prequel to How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! . It won the 1977 Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program . It premiered on ABC on October 29 , 1977 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c059fe8104b7e5f2d639e12eb7bf055f", "text": "The Night the Animals Talked The Night the Animals Talked is an animated children 's Christmas special first shown on ABC television on December 9 , 1970 . It was broadcast only four times on ABC , from 1970 through 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "911c22f02af6cf400af81a8667ef8231", "text": "Christmas Flintstone `` Christmas Flintstone '' ( also known as How The Flintstones Saved Christmas on VHS releases ) is a Christmas episode from season 5 of the animated television series The Flintstones , which aired on ABC on December 25 , 1964 . The episode is about Fred Flintstone taking over the role of Santa Claus . The episode is followed by three Christmas-themed Flintstones specials . It has been released on DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26b859d4706b58417dc115d2e4afc627", "text": "List of local children's television series (United States) The following is a list of local children 's television shows in the United States . These were locally produced commercial television programming intended for the child audience with unique hosts and themes . This type of programming began in the late 1940s and continued into the late 1970s ; some shows continued into the 1990s . Author Tim Hollis documented about 1,400 local children 's shows in a 2002 book , Hi There , Boys and Girls ! The television programs typically aired in the weekday mornings before school or afternoons after school as well as on weekends ( to a lesser degree ) . There were different formats . Almost all shows had a colorful host who assumed a persona such as a cowboy/cowgirl , captain/skipper/commodore / admiral , jungle explorer , astronaut , king , princess , clown , sheriff/deputy/trooper , cop , firefighter , hobo/tramp , railroad engineer , magician , `` cousin '' , `` grandfather '' or `` uncle '' , whose role was not only to be the `` DJ '' for syndicated material ( typically cartoons , although westerns were more popular earlier on ) but also to entertain , often with a live television studio audience of kids , during breaks . Early program fare included cartoon favorites such as Koko the Clown , Daffy Duck , Crusader Rabbit , Dick Tracy , Popeye , Bugs Bunny , Rocky and Bullwinkle , Casper the Friendly Ghost , Mighty Mouse , Porky Pig , Deputy Dawg , Tin Tin , Mel-O-Toons , Woody Woodpecker , The Funny Company , Mr. Magoo , Space Angel and Clutch Cargo as well as movie shorts such as Laurel and Hardy , Our Gang/The Little Rascals and The Three Stooges and animated versions of Laurel and Hardy , Abbott and Costello and The Three Stooges and live action shorts such as Diver Dan . Some included educational segments like the portraits of wildlife in Nature 's Window .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a6eb426f38c90e125d512d067ab472d", "text": "Sesame Street News Flash The Sesame Street News Flash was a recurring segment on the children 's television show Sesame Street . First aired in 1971 , the series starred Kermit the Frog as a trench coat-dressed roving reporter who interviews Muppet versions of characters from fairy tales , Mother Goose nursery rhymes and key moments in history . Given the basic format of the segments , the `` Sesame Street News Flash '' series served several purposes , namely to act out simple stories and nursery rhymes with which the show 's audience might be familiar , and to give children a basic understanding of history . Other skits were spoofs of popular culture ( such as one which parodied the then-popular The Six Million Dollar Man ) , while others involved Kermit asking children simple vox populi , or `` man on the street , '' style questions . With exception to the latter , the segments were often parodies and diverged from the traditional tellings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "980ae4c9c0dba42e2081bdfe69e69b55", "text": "Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation ( MBC ; 문화방송주식회사 Hanja : 文化放送 ; Munhwa Bangsong Jushikhoesa , literally `` Cultural Broadcasting Corporation '' ) is one of the leading South Korean television and radio networks . Munhwa is the Korean word for `` culture '' . Its flagship terrestrial television station is Channel 11 ( LCN ) for Digital . Established on December 2 , 1961 , MBC is a Korean terrestrial broadcaster which has a nationwide network of 17 regional stations . Though it operates on advertising , MBC is a public broadcaster , as its largest shareholder is a public organization , The Foundation of Broadcast Culture . Today , it is a multimedia group with one terrestrial TV channel , three radio channels , five cable channels , five satellite channels and four DMB channels . MBC is headquartered in Digital Media City ( DMC ) , Mapo-gu , Seoul and has the largest broadcast production facilities in Korea including digital production center Dream Center in Ilsan , indoor and outdoor sets in Yongin Daejanggeum Park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f2d0f868c4845f1e367ae9eda930fb7", "text": "Screen Novelties Screen Novelties is a collective of film directors , specializing in stop motion animation . It was formed in 2003 by Mark Caballero , Seamus Walsh , and Chris Finnegan . Their work fuses classic cartoon sensibilities with mixed-media elements such as puppetry and miniature model photography . They were among the first stop motion artists to adopt an entirely digital capture system and workflow , beginning in 1999 with the pilot films that would eventually become Robot Chicken . Screen Novelties was integral in the launch of both Robot Chicken and Moral Orel for Cartoon Network 's Adult Swim programming block . Notable past work includes : Creating a stop motion animation version of the Flintstones for a dream sequence in The Flintstones : On the Rocks . Working with Ray Harryhausen , helping him complete his film The Tortoise & the Hare . Contributing whimsical puppet and special effects sequences for Cartoon Network shows Chowder and The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack . Performing the restoration of the original Rudolph & Santa Puppets from the 1964 classic Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Their offbeat short films enjoy a small cult following , especially `` Mysterious Mose '' which was made in their garage in 1997-98 , using a hand-wound bolex camera and an old 78rpm record as the soundtrack . The film mixes rod puppetry , stop motion animation , and silhouette animation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16bd855ce703d11173ebf033b5b60135", "text": "The Muppet Musicians of Bremen The Muppet Musicians of Bremen ( released on home video as Tales from MuppetLand : The Muppet Musicians of Bremen ) is a 1972 television special that is an adaptation of Town Musicians of Bremen , featuring The Muppets . It is directed and produced by The Muppet 's creator Jim Henson . Kermit the Frog hosts the special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66ed169d1b4ab54522c12fd663785a4b", "text": "Bert and Ernie Bert and Ernie are two Muppets who appear together in numerous skits on the popular U.S. children 's television show Sesame Street . Originated by Frank Oz and Jim Henson , the characters are currently performed by Muppeteers Eric Jacobson and Billy Barkhurst , with Oz performing Bert occasionally since 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d79b94e462e3534d0c6275d70d3a916", "text": "Christmas by the Bay Christmas by the Bay , recorded at the Sail Loft in the Washington Navy Yard , is Burl Ives 's last original Christmas album . It includes only one new Christmas song by Ives : `` The Sense of Christmas . '' The other songs are new performances of previously recorded songs : `` Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer '' ; `` A Holly , Jolly Christmas '' ; `` Christmas by the Bay '' ( cf. Christmas at the White House , 1972 ) ; `` White Christmas '' ( cf. Have a Holly Jolly Christmas , 1966 ) ; and `` The Friendly Beasts '' ( cf. Christmas Day in the Morning , 1952 ) . On all of these songs he is accompanied by the United States Navy Band , conducted by Ned Muffley . Ives had performed previously with Muffley and the Navy Band : at a Christmas concert in Washington D.C. in 1974 and at the Boy Scout Jamboree in 1977 . On the basis of these encounters , Muffley invited Ives to participate in a 1977 Christmas Concert at the DAR Constitution Hall : `` The weeks that followed were busy indeed as a special production , the brainchild of Master Chief Jere Wallace , entitled For the Love of Christmas , was scripted , focusing around a musical adaptation of Burl telling the story of Christmas to a group of children ... the personification of Santa Claus himself . '' The concert was broadcast on national television . The album represents a different product of their collaboration that year . The genres of the songs range from folk ( `` The Friendly Beasts '' ) to pop ( `` A Holly , Jolly Christmas '' ) . Classic Ives songs are given a new feel by the involvement of the Sea Chanters , the official chorus of the U.S. Navy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94266326488e4f097079b5654dc970e6", "text": "Frosty the Snowman (film) Frosty the Snowman is a 1969 animated Christmas television special based on the song `` Frosty the Snowman '' . The program , which first aired on December 7 , 1969 on CBS ( where it still airs to this day ) , was produced for television by Rankin/Bass Productions and featured the voices of comedians Jimmy Durante as the film 's narrator ( Durante 's final performance in a film ) and Jackie Vernon as the title character . Arthur Rankin , Jr. and Jules Bass wanted to give the show and its characters the look of a Christmas card , so Paul Coker , Jr. , a greeting card and Mad magazine artist , was hired to do the character and background drawings . The animation was produced by Mushi Production in Japan , with then-Mushi staffer Osamu Dezaki among the animation staff . Rankin/Bass veteran writer Romeo Muller adapted and expanded the story for television as he had done with Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer . TV Guide ranked the special number 4 on its 10 Best Family Holiday Specials list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "022d7b59d42e25c0e319f50b499ec2d8", "text": "UPA (animation studio) United Productions of America , better known as UPA , was an American animation studio active from the 1940s through the 1970s . Beginning with industrial and World War II training films , UPA eventually produced theatrical shorts for Columbia Pictures , notably the Mr. Magoo series . In 1956 , UPA produced a television series for CBS , The Boing-Boing Show , hosted by Gerald McBoing Boing . In the 1960s , UPA produced syndicated Mr. Magoo and Dick Tracy television series and other series and specials , including the popular Mister Magoo 's Christmas Carol . UPA also produced two animated features , 1001 Arabian Nights and Gay Purr-ee , and distributed Japanese films from Toho Studios in the 1970s and 1980s . Gerald McBoing Boing ( 2005 -- 2007 ) is a more recent television series based on UPA 's memorable character and licensed and co-produced by Cookie Jar Entertainment and Classic Media , for Cartoon Network . UPA Pictures ' legacy in the history of animation has largely been overshadowed by the commercial success and availability of the cartoon libraries of Warner Bros. , MGM and Disney . Nonetheless , UPA had a significant impact on animation style , content , and technique , and its innovations were recognized and adopted by the other major animation studios and independent filmmakers all over the world . UPA pioneered the technique of limited animation . Although this style of animation came to be widely used in the 1960s and 1970s as a cost-cutting measure , it was originally intended as a stylistic alternative to the growing trend ( particularly at Disney ) of recreating cinematic realism in animated films .", "title": "" } ]	fever
eea17c9b33724c33ab53c0b24f47a862	Usain Bolt is incapable of competing in sports.	[ { "docid": "cf4d5913208293cea9f15bc4f178ab00", "text": "Usain Bolt Usain St Leo Bolt , OJ , CD ( -LSB- ˈjuːseɪn -RSB- born 21 August 1986 ) is a Jamaican sprinter . He is the first person to hold both the 100 metres and 200 metres world records since fully automatic time became mandatory . He also holds the world record as a part of the 4 × 100 metres relay . He is the reigning world and Olympic champion in these three events . Due to his unprecedented dominance and achievements in sprint competition , he is widely considered to be the greatest sprinter of all time . An eight-time Olympic gold medalist , Bolt won the 100 m , 200 m and 4 × 100 m relay at three consecutive Olympic Games , although he subsequently lost one of the gold medals ( as well as the world record set therein ) nine years after the fact due to teammate Nesta Carter 's disqualification for doping offences . He gained worldwide popularity for his double sprint victory at the 2008 Beijing Olympics in world record times . Bolt is the only sprinter to win Olympic 100 m and 200 m titles at three consecutive olympics ( 2008 , 2012 and 2016 ) , a feat referred to as the `` triple double . '' An eleven-time World Champion , he won consecutive World Championship 100 m , 200 m and 4 × 100 metres relay gold medals from 2009 to 2015 , with the exception of a 100 m false start in 2011 . He is the most successful athlete of the World Championships and was the first athlete to win three titles in both the 100 m and 200 m at the competition . Bolt improved upon his first 100 m world record of 9.69 with 9.58 seconds in 2009 -- the biggest improvement since the start of electronic timing . He has twice broken the 200 metres world record , setting 19.30 in 2008 and 19.19 in 2009 . He has helped Jamaica to three 4 × 100 metres relay world records , with the current record being 36.84 seconds set in 2012 . Bolt 's most successful event is the 200 m , with three Olympic and four World titles . The 2008 Olympics was his international debut over 100 m ; he had earlier won numerous 200 m medals ( including 2007 World Championship silver ) and holds the world under-20 and world under-18 records for the event . His achievements as a sprinter have earned him the media nickname `` Lightning Bolt '' , and his awards include the IAAF World Athlete of the Year , Track & Field Athlete of the Year , and Laureus World Sportsman of the Year ( four times ) . Bolt has stated that he intends to retire from athletics after the 2017 World Championships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22fc4982ebea07731efd92603658bee6", "text": "100 metres The 100 metres , or 100-metre dash , is a sprint race in track and field competitions . The shortest common outdoor running distance , it is one of the most popular and prestigious events in the sport of athletics . It has been contested at the Summer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1928 for women . The reigning 100 m Olympic champion is often named `` the fastest runner in the world . '' The World Championships 100 metres has been contested since 1983 . Jamaicans Usain Bolt and Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce are the reigning world champions , Bolt and Elaine Thompson are the Olympic champions in the men 's and women 's 100 metres , respectively . On an outdoor 400 metres running track , the 100 m is run on the home straight , with the start usually being set on an extension to make it a straight-line race . Runners begin in the starting blocks and the race begins when an official fires the starter 's pistol . Sprinters typically reach top speed after somewhere between 50 -- 60 m . Their speed then slows towards the finish line . The 10-second barrier has historically been a barometer of fast men 's performances , while the best female sprinters take eleven seconds or less to complete the race . The current men 's world record is 9.58 seconds , set by Jamaica 's Usain Bolt in 2009 , while the women 's world record of 10.49 seconds set by American Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988 remains unbroken . The 100 m ( 109.361 yards ) emerged from the metrication of the 100 yards ( 91.44 m ) , a now defunct distance originally contested in English-speaking countries . The event is largely held outdoors as few indoor facilities have a 100 m straight . US athletes have won the men 's Olympic 100 metres title more times than any other country , 16 out of the 28 times that it has been run . US women have also dominated the event winning 9 out of 21 times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90e2c79af2b7dc4849a47fea3d7819ae", "text": "4×100 metres relay at the World Championships in Athletics The 4 × 100 metres relay at the World Championships in Athletics has been contested by both men and women since the inaugural edition in 1983 . It is the second most prestigious title in the discipline after the 4 × 100 metres relay at the Olympics . The competition format typically has one qualifying round leading to a final between eight teams . As of 2015 , nations can qualify for the competition through a top eight finish at the previous IAAF World Relays event , with the remaining teams coming through the more traditional route of ranking highly on time in the seasonal lists . The championship records for the event are 37.04 seconds for men , set by Jamaica in 2011 , and 41.07 seconds for women , set by Jamaica in 2015 . The men 's world record has been broken or equalled at the competition on four occasions . The women 's world record has never been broken or equalled at the competition . The United States is the most successful nation in the discipline , with seven men 's gold medals and six women 's gold medals . The next most successful nation is Jamaica , which has won four gold medals in both the men 's and women 's events . Those two nations share the highest medal tally at eighteen . France and Canada , with two golds each , are the only other nations to have won multiple titles . Great Britain has the third highest medal tally in the event at nine medals . Jamaica 's Usain Bolt is the most successful athlete of the event , with four consecutive gold medals from 2009 to 2015 and a silver medal in 2007 . His female compatriots Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce and Kerron Stewart are the next most successful , with three gold medals and two silver medals . Another Jamaican woman , Beverly McDonald , has the highest number of medals in the event at six ( although only one of them gold ) . Nesta Carter and Carl Lewis are the only other athletes to have won three gold medals in the relay event . The United States has twice been stripped of the gold medal due to doping by athletes on the national team , having lost both men 's and women 's titles in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5b9805ddf95057b42616db33d133402", "text": "200 metres The 200 metres ( also spelled 200 meters ) is a sprint running event . On an outdoor 400 m track , the race begins on the curve and ends on the home straight , so a combination of techniques are needed to successfully run the race . A slightly shorter race , called the stadion and run on a straight track , was the first recorded event at the ancient Olympic Games . The 200 m places more emphasis on speed endurance than shorter sprint distances as athletes rely on different energy systems during the longer sprint . In the United States and elsewhere , athletes previously ran the 220-yard dash ( 201.168 m ) instead of the 200 m ( 218.723 yards ) , though the distance is now obsolete . The standard adjustment used for the conversion from times recorded over 220 yards to 200 m times is to subtract 0.1 seconds , but other conversion methods exist . Another obsolete version of this race is the 200 metres straight , which was run on tracks that contained such a straight . Initially , when the International Amateur Athletic Association ( now known as the International Association of Athletics Federations ) started to ratify world records in 1912 , only records set on a straight track were eligible for consideration . In 1951 , the IAAF started to recognise records set on a curved track . In 1976 , the straight record was discarded . The race attracts runners from other events , primarily the 100 metres , wishing to double up and claim both titles . This feat has been achieved by men eleven times at the Olympic Games : by Archie Hahn in 1904 , Ralph Craig in 1912 , Percy Williams in 1928 , Eddie Tolan in 1932 , Jesse Owens in 1936 , Bobby Morrow in 1956 , Valeriy Borzov in 1972 , Carl Lewis in 1984 , and most recently by Jamaica 's Usain Bolt in 2008 , 2012 , and 2016 . The double has been accomplished by women seven times : by Fanny Blankers-Koen in 1948 , Marjorie Jackson in 1952 , Betty Cuthbert in 1956 , Wilma Rudolph in 1960 , Renate Stecher in 1972 and Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988 . Marion Jones finished first in both races in 2000 but was later disqualified and stripped of her medals after admitting to taking performance-enhancing drugs . An Olympic double of 200 m and 400 m was first achieved by Valerie Brisco-Hooks in 1984 , and later by Michael Johnson from the United States and Marie-José Pérec of France both in 1996 . Usain Bolt is the only man to repeat as Olympic champion , Bärbel Wöckel ( née Eckert ) and Veronica Campbell-Brown are the two women who have repeated as Olympic champion . The men 's world record holder is Usain Bolt of Jamaica , who ran 19.19 s at the 2009 World Championships . The women 's world record holder is Florence Griffith-Joyner of the United States , who ran 21.34 s at the 1988 Summer Olympics . The reigning Olympic champions are Usain Bolt and Elaine Thompson ( Jamaica ) . The reigning World Champions are Bolt and Dafne Schippers ( the Netherlands ) . Races run with an aiding wind measured over 2.0 metres per second are not acceptable for record purposes .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b1604c93555b9dbbad60a98c82e7b829", "text": "Sports marketing Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports teams . It is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name . The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sport through sports . Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the consumer through exchange processes . These strategies follow the traditional four `` P '' 's of general marketing Product , Price , Promotion and Place , another four `` P '' 's are added to sport marketing , relating to the fact sports are considered to be a service . The additional 4 P 's are : Planning , Packaging , Positioning and Perception . The addition of the four extra elements is called the `` sport marketing mix . '' Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide variety of sectors of the sport industry including broadcasting , advertising , social media , digital platforms , ticket sales , and community relations . Sports marketing is divided into three sectors . The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics , Spanish Football league and the NFL , as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York Yankees . The second concerns the use of sporting events , sporting teams and individual athletes to promote various products . The third category is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation . In the first case , the promotion is directly related to sports . In the second case , the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports . When the promotion is about sports in general , the use of this kind of strategy is called `` Marketing of Sports . '' When the promotion is not about the sports but sports events , athletes , teams or leagues are used to promote different products , the marketing strategy is denominated `` Marketing through sports . '' When the promotion is about increasing participation among the public , it is called `` Grassroots Sports Marketing . '' To promote the products or services , the companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of teams or athletes , television or radio advertisement during the different broadcast sports events and celebrations , and/or advertisement on sporting venues . `` Street marketing of sport '' considers sport marketing through billboards on the street and also through urban elements ( street lighters and sidewalks , etc. ) to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events such as the Football World Cup , the Olympic Games , or the Super Bowl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47ea0d7171a7622f4f0864efc17b76ec", "text": "USA Wrestling USA Wrestling ( formerly known as the United States Wrestling Federation and as the United States Wrestling Association ) is the organization that currently governs freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling in the United States . USA Wrestling is also the official representative to the United States Olympic Committee ( USOC ) and to United World Wrestling ( UWW ) and is considered the national governing body of the sport at the amateur level . Their mission statement is , `` USA Wrestling , guided by the Olympic Spirit , provides quality opportunities for its members to achieve their full human and athletic potential . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd01f92c6af319d6caf435d3b3ec0ecd", "text": "Paralympic swimming Paralympic swimming is an adaptation of the sport of swimming for athletes with disabilities . Paralympic swimming is contested not only at the Summer Paralympic Games , but at disabled sports competitions throughout the world . The sport is governed by the International Paralympic Committee , hence the name of `` Paralympic '' swimming . Rules for the sport are adapted from those set forth by the International Swimming Federation ( FINA ) . Swimmers compete individually in backstroke , breaststroke , butterfly , freestyle , individual medley , and as teams in relay races . At the Paralympics , World Championships and other elite level competitions , swimmers compete in an Olympic-size swimming pool . Significant differences between able-bodied and Paralympic swimming include the starting position and adaptations allowed for visually impaired swimmers . Competitors may start a race by standing on a platform and diving into the pool , as in non-disabled swimming , or by sitting on the platform and diving in , or they may start the race in the water . In events for the blind and visually impaired , people called `` tappers '' may stand at the end of the pool and use a pole to tap the swimmers when they approach the wall , indicating when the swimmer should turn or end the race .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3bd1b020059ba9d90c155d9d9279959", "text": "International Track & Field International Track & Field is a 3D update of Konami 's Track & Field series , in which up to four players compete in eleven different Olympic events . The game was released for the PlayStation and the arcades in 1996 . The arcade version was released only in Japan as Hyper Athlete . In 2008 the game was released on PlayStation Network . All six events from the first game , 1983 's Track & Field , are included , but only three events ( swimming , pole vault and triple jump ) are taken from the sequel , Hyper Sports . International Track & Field uses the three-button control system of its predecessors ( two run buttons and one action button per player ) and the eleven disciplines can be attempted in any order . The available events are : 100m Sprint Long Jump Shot Put 100m Free style 110m Hurdle High Jump Hammer Triple Jump Javelin Pole Vault Discus", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecc48de5d7827ccbf380138b78a2f7bc", "text": "B3 (classification) B3 is a medical based Paralympic classification for blind sport . Competitors in this classification have partial sight , with visual acuity from 2/60 to 6/60 . It is used by a number of blind sports including para-alpine skiing , para-Nordic skiing , blind cricket , blind golf , five-a-side football , goalball and judo . Some other sports , including adaptive rowing , athletics and swimming , have equivalents to this class . The B3 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s , and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the International Paralympic Committee ( IPC ) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system . Classification is often handled on the international level by the International Blind Sports Association ( IBSA ) although it is also handled by national sport federations . There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling . Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport , and may include sighted guides , guide rails , beeping balls and clapsticks . There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports . Some sports specifically do not allow a guide , whereas cycling and skiing require one .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ab4a4d9df81ce17a463323e1c0f1f0d", "text": "World Baseball Classic The World Baseball Classic ( WBC ) is an international baseball tournament sanctioned from 2006 to 2013 by the International Baseball Federation ( IBAF ) and after 2013 by the World Baseball Softball Confederation ( WBSC ) . It was proposed to the IBAF by Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , the Major League Baseball Players Association ( MLBPA ) , and other professional baseball leagues and their players associations around the world . It is the main baseball tournament sanctioned by the WBSC , which grants to the winner the title of `` World Champion '' . It previously coexisted with Olympic Baseball ( until 2008 ) and the Baseball World Cup ( until 2011 ) as IBAF -- sanctioned tournaments , but baseball has not been on the Olympic program since 2008 , after it was voted out by the International Olympic Committee in 2005 . The final men 's Baseball World Cup was held in 2011 , and was discontinued to streamline the international calendar . The tournament is the first of its kind to have the national teams of IBAF 's member federations feature professional players from the major leagues around the world including Major League Baseball . In addition to providing a format for the best baseball players in the world to compete against one another while representing their home countries , the World Baseball Classic was created in order to further promote the game around the globe . After a 3-year gap between the first two installments of the tournament , plans were made for the World Baseball Classic to be repeated every four years following the 2009 event . The third installment of the Classic was held in 2013 , and the fourth was held in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "084d949e4886d4515f8e64ad713101e7", "text": "USA Hockey USA Hockey ( prior to June 1991 , Amateur Hockey Association of the United States or AHAUS ) is recognized by the International Olympic Committee and the United States Olympic Committee as the governing body for organized amateur Ice hockey in the United States and is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation . Founded on Oct. 29 , 1937 , in New York City , New York , the organization is based in Colorado Springs , Colorado , and has a total membership exceeding one million . Its mission is to promote the growth of hockey in America and provide the best possible experience for all participants by encouraging , developing , advancing and administering the sport . USA Hockey programs support and develop players , coaches , officials , and facilities . In January 2009 , the organization launched the American Development Model , which - for the first time ever - provided associations nationwide with a blueprint for optimal athlete development . USA Hockey also has junior and adult hockey programs that provide opportunities for players of all ability levels . In addition , the organization supports a disabled hockey program . USA Hockey provides certification programs for coaches and officials to ensure education standards are met that coincide with the level of play . A large focus is put on parent education with equipment needs , rules of the game and parental roles in youth sports among common topics . Members of the organization receive a subscription to USA Hockey Magazine . At 412,892 subscribers , it is the most widely circulated hockey publication in the world . Members also receive insurance coverage and access to participate in national championships and player development camps .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40394e36fc06ba0f0f0497200b2dc29f", "text": "Motocross des Nations The Motocross des Nations is an annual team motocross race , where riders representing their country meet at what is billed as the `` Olympics of Motocross '' . The event has been staged since 1947 , where the team of Bill Nicholson , Fred Rist and Bob Ray , representing Great Britain , took home the Chamberlain Trophy for the first time . The event as it stands today is an amalgamation of three separate events , the original Motocross des Nations , raced with 500cc motorcycles , the Trophée des Nations , raced with 250cc motorcycles , and the Coupe des Nations , for 125cc motorcycles . Before 1984 , the three events were held in different locations on different weekends , whereafter they were combined into a single event with one rider per class . The scoring for the event works on the position system , i.e. first place is awarded one point , second place two , etc. . Each class ( currently MXGP , MX2 and Open ) races twice , each time against one of other two classes , for a total of three races . The worst score of three races is dropped , and the lowest combined score wins . The event 's name has been officially anglicised ( as Motocross of Nations `` MXON '' ) since 2004 , when Youthstream was awarded promotional rights for the World Motocross Grand Prix , although the general moniker Des Nations or MXDN is still very much in use . Historically Great Britain dominated the early years , before the competition became more fierce . With the rise of motocross in North America from the 1970s , the USA embarked on a famous winning streak , lasting 13 years from 1981 to 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c269b5794641f482b3d17e925b4d50aa", "text": "Richard Browne (athletics) Richard Browne ( born July 9 , 1991 in Jackson , Mississippi ) is a United States sprint runner . In 2007 an accident sent him through a plate glass window , which resulted in an arterial bleed that caused his right leg to be permanently damaged . In 2010 , after 14 surgical operations , his leg was amputated . `` I was 16 years old in the prime of my life . I go through a window one day and from that point on my life is changed forever . '' https://www.paralympic.org/Athletes/Biographies; https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324188604578541543175004524 . He competes in the T44 class . He attended Morehouse College in Atlanta , Georgia . At the 2012 Paralympic Games , he won a Silver Medal in the 100m event . In July 2013 at the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships at the Stade du Rhône in Lyon he broke Jonnie Peacock 's world record when he recorded a time of 10.83 in the T44 100m semi-finals . He subsequently broke the T44 100m world record with a time of 10.75 in the 2013 Paralympic Anniversary Games in London . On April 18 , 2014 Browne broke the T44 200m World Record , 21.91 ( +1.4 ) at the Mt. Sac Relays in Los Angeles , CA . He is also the world record holder over the T44 60m with an official time of 6.99 ran the Emory Crossplex Invitational in Birmingham , AL on January 28 , 2013 In 2013 Browne became the first T44 sprinter in history to compete in a world class able body field when he ran at the 2013 Millrose Games in New York , NY . An equipment failure forced him to pull out of the race 10m before the finish line . In 2014 he again lined up in an international able body 60m field at the Meeting De Mondeville in France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecc0300593b701ac7d4f242d7262d254", "text": "Track & Field News Track & Field News is an American monthly sports magazine founded in 1948 by brothers Bert Nelson and Cordner Nelson , focused on the world of track and field . The magazine provides coverage of athletics in the U.S.A. from the high school to national level as well as covering the sport on an international bases . The magazine has given itself the motto of `` The Bible of the Sport '' . E. Garry Hill is the magazine 's editor and Sieg Lindstrom is the managing editor . Ed Fox is publisher and Janet Vitu is executive publisher . Each year , the magazine produces world and US rankings of top track & field athletes , selected by the magazine 's editors along with an international team of experts . Many of the standard abbreviations used throughout the sport , like WR = World Record ; WJR = World Junior Record ; AR = American Record , started as print saving abbreviations in the magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c035550c81135a12b54837ce4f45c02", "text": "F8 (classification) F8 , also SP8 , is a standing wheelchair sport classification open to people with spinal cord injuries , with inclusion based on a functional classification on a points system for lower limb functionality . Sportspeople in this class need to have less than 70 points . The class has largely been used in Australia and the United States . F8 has largely been eliminated because of a perceived lack of need internationally for a standing wheelchair class . Sports this class participates in include athletics , swimming and wheelchair basketball . In athletics , participation is mostly in field events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d98bd1a74226d2da110bb0fb75d51c1", "text": "Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres The Men 's 1500 metres competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom , was held at the Olympic Stadium on 3 -- 7 August . The first round races were all very tightly packed , strategic affairs . The first race was the fastest , taking all but one of the time qualifiers into the semi-final . Andrew Wheating 's 3:40.92 in the second heat was the slowest time qualifier , though it was exactly equal to Nick Willis ' winning time in the last race . That race was broken up when Nixon Chepseba tripped sending several athletes scrambling to avoid the falling body . Chepseba ultimately finished 9th but was awarded a place in the semi-final on appeal , though no offending athlete was disqualified . The first semi final was strategic from the start , when the sprinting started , Taoufik Makhloufi easily took the lead and held the position . Since it was strategic , no time qualifiers came from this semi . In the other semi , Chepseba took it out at a faster pace , to avoid getting caught in traffic . At the 800 mark , Nathan Brannen fell flat and was not able to get back into contention . When the sprinting started , Abdalaati Iguider looked to be the fastest . The slowest time qualifier was almost 7 seconds faster than Makhloufi winning the first . Earlier on the day before the final , Makhloufi was also in an 800 metres qualifying round race , but he ran slowly and dropped out . Because of the `` honest effort '' rule , he was disqualified from further competition in the Olympics . It took an appeal by Algerian team officials to get him re-instated by claiming he had a known knee injury . In the final , Makhloufi made a miraculous recovery from the injury in order to run . Kenyan Chepseba , and Kenyan born Bahraini Belal Mansoor Ali ran shoulder to shoulder until 600 to go when Chepseba then decided to take the lead solo . Behind him runners were three abreast , with Makhloufi and Silas Kiplagat trading elbows to be in position for the final lap . Another elbow just before 300 to go , and Makhloufi broke away with Kiplagat and Mekonnen Gebremedhin in hot pursuit . With Makhloufi gone , 8 meters ahead , Gebremedhin took over second at the head of the stretch , Iguider sprinting a step behind . Five meters further back , Leonel Manzano was starting to sprint around teammate Matthew Centrowitz , Jr. . As Iguider was edging ahead of Gebremedhin , Manzano was rocketing along the outside passing into second 30 meters from the finish . Iguider just barely managed to finish a fraction ahead of the fast closing Centrowitz for the bronze medal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f27c8db16426dec73a6f23e07b06c49", "text": "International Baseball Federation The International Baseball Federation ( Spanish : Federación Internacional de Béisbol , French : Fédération international de baseball ) is the former worldwide governing body recognized by the International Olympic Committee as overseeing , deciding and executing the policy of the sport of baseball . The IBAF has since become the international baseball `` Division '' of the World Baseball Softball Confederation , the officially recognized world governing body for baseball ( and softball ) . One of its principal responsibilities under the WBSC is to organize , standardize and sanction international competitions among baseball 's 124 national governing bodies through its various tournaments to determine a world champion and calculate world rankings for both men 's and women 's baseball . Prior to the establishment of the WBSC , which has since superseded its authority , the IBAF had been the lone entity that can assign the title of `` world champion '' to any baseball team delegated to represent a nation . Its offices are housed within the WBSC headquarters in Lausanne , Switzerland -- the Olympic Capital .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86963ba1c3eb2a026a4d81dc5db40cda", "text": "Combined track and field events Combined events are competitions in which athletes participate in a number of track and field events , earning points for their performance in each event , which adds to a total points score . Outdoors , the most common combined events are the men 's decathlon and the women 's heptathlon . Due to stadium limitations , indoor combined events competition have a reduced number of events , resulting in the men 's heptathlon and the women 's pentathlon . Athletes are allocated points based on an international-standard points scoring system , such as the decathlon scoring table . Other longer combined events do exist , such as the icosathlon ( double decathlon ) for men and the tetradecathlon for women . Indoors , both men and women compete in the tetradecathlon , with slightly different events to the women 's outdoor version .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9c31d45a9cbb44311ce8ef679ed181a", "text": "Nigeria at the 2016 Summer Paralympics Nigeria competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , from 7 September to 18 September 2016 . Nigeria 's delegation of 23 sportspeople was mostly composed of powerlifters , with the country sending 14 lifters to Rio . Ahead of the Rio Games , the National Sports Commission promised Paralympic medals to erase the country 's Olympic shame . Nigeria had issues with qualifying a bigger team for Rio because of a lack of funding available to its elite sportspeople . This was particularly true for table tennis , one of the three sports Nigeria competed in in Rio . The other two sports were athletics and powerlifting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b10e37a853636308e073c959d372e1b", "text": "List of Olympic medalists in art competitions There were 146 medalists in the art competitions that were part of the Olympic Games from 1912 until 1948 . These art competitions were considered an integral part of the movement by International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) founder Pierre de Coubertin and necessary to recapture the complete essence of the Ancient Olympic Games . Their absence before the 1912 Summer Olympics , according to journalism professor Richard Stanton , stems from Coubertin `` not wanting to fragment the focus of his new and fragile movement '' . Art competitions were originally planned for inclusion in the 1908 Summer Olympics but were delayed after that edition 's change in venue from Rome to London following the 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius . By the 1924 Summer Olympics they had grown to be considered internationally relevant and potentially `` a milestone in advancing public awareness of art as a whole '' . During their first three appearances , the art competitions were grouped into five broad categories : architecture , literature , music , painting , and sculpture . The Dutch Organizing Committee for the 1928 Summer Olympics split these into subcategories in the hopes of increasing participation . Although it was a successful strategy , the 1932 Summer Olympics eliminated several of these subcategories , which led to fewer entries in the broader categories . For the 1936 Summer Olympics , the German government proposed the addition of a film contest to the program , which was rejected . Following a final appearance at the 1948 Summer Olympics , art competitions were removed from the Olympic program . Planners of the 1952 Summer Olympics opposed their inclusion on logistical grounds , claiming that the lack of an international association for the event meant that the entire onus of facilitation was placed on the local organizing committee . Concerns were also raised about the professionalism of the event , since only amateurs were allowed to participate in the sporting tournaments , and the growing commercialization of the competitions , as artists had been permitted to sell their submissions during the course of the Games since 1928 . In 1952 an art festival and exhibition was held concurrent with the Games , a tradition that has been maintained in all subsequent Summer Olympics . The IOC does not track medalists in Olympic art competitions in its database and thus the prize winners are only officially recorded in the original Olympic reports . Judges were not required to distribute first , second , and third place awards for every category , and thus certain events lack medalists in these placements . Since participants were allowed multiple submissions , it was also possible for artists to win more than one in a single event , as Alex Diggelmann of Switzerland did in the graphic arts category of the 1948 edition . Diggelmann is tied with Denmark 's Josef Petersen , who won second prize three times in literature , for the amount of medals captured in the art competitions . Luxembourg 's Jean Jacoby is the only individual to win two gold medals , doing so in painting in 1924 and 1928 . Of the 146 medalists , 11 were women and only Finnish author Aale Tynni was awarded gold . Germany was the most successful nation , with eight gold , seven silver , and nine bronze medals , although one was won by Coubertin himself , a Frenchman . He submitted his poem Ode to Sport under the pseudonyms Georges Hohrod and Martin Eschbach , as if it were a joint-entry , and won first prize in the 1912 literature category . The original report credits this medal to Germany . Two individuals , Walter W. Winans and Alfréd Hajós , won medals in both athletic and art competitions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dda02a649cdcec0aa8048d9b23ca82e", "text": "Strength athletics in the United States Strength athletics in the United States refers to the various strongman events throughout United States and North America in the sport of strength athletics in association with the World 's Strongest Man ( `` WSM '' ) contest . America has both an amateur and a professional sanctioning body .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e1a16c99e5c8d7b2dc4279363ea9d61", "text": "1996 Summer Olympics The 1996 Summer Olympics , known officially as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially as the Centennial Olympic Games , was a major international multi-sport event that took place in Atlanta , Georgia , United States , from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 . A record 197 nations , all current IOC member nations , took part in the Games , comprising 10,318 athletes . The International Olympic Committee voted in 1986 to separate the Summer and Winter Games , which had been held in the same year since 1924 , and place them in alternating even-numbered years , beginning in 1994 . The 1996 Summer Games were the first to be staged in a different year from the Winter Games . Atlanta became the fifth American city to host the Olympic Games and the third to hold a Summer Olympic Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb32a38a389d63a3bef386f9bba5290a", "text": "2010 IAAF Diamond League The 2010 IAAF Diamond League was the first edition of the Diamond League , an annual series of fourteen one-day track and field meetings . The series began on 14 May in Doha , Qatar and ended on 27 August in Brussels , Belgium . Superseding the European-centred IAAF Golden League , the Diamond League was the IAAF 's first intercontinental series of one-day track and field meetings . Expanding upon the idea of the former Golden League jackpot , there were 32 separate Diamond Races , involving 16 men 's and 16 women 's track and field events -- each of the events featured seven times only over the course of the fourteen meetings of the 2010 Diamond League , and the best athlete in each event won a Diamond Trophy . The total available prize money for the series was US$ 6.63 million . For infrastructure reasons the men 's and women 's hammer throw events were not included in the IAAF Diamond League . For this reason the IAAF created a Hammer Throw challenge . For the first time , some of the world 's foremost track and field athletes were centrally contracted to an athletics meeting series . For the 2010 series the contracted athletes -- called Diamond League Ambassadors -- included figures such as Usain Bolt , Kenenisa Bekele , Yelena Isinbayeva and Blanka Vlašić . Prior to the series , former World Champion Steve Cram stated that he believed that , through greater television exposure , and mutual responsibility between the IAAF and promoters , the 2010 Diamond League would raise the profile of the sport of athletics .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ecf7efd5a3392c64c470d52e75476830	Mark Zuckerberg was named Person of the Year by Time magazine in May 2010.	[ { "docid": "4187b0b9d3e24012224e283e78848ab5", "text": "Mark Zuckerberg Mark Elliot Zuckerberg ( born May 14 , 1984 ) is an American computer programmer and Internet entrepreneur . He is a co-founder of Facebook , and currently operates as its chairman and chief executive officer . His net worth is estimated to be US$ 63.3 billion as of May 2017 , and he is ranked by Forbes as the fifth richest person in the world . Zuckerberg launched Facebook from his Harvard University dormitory room on February 4 , 2004 . He was assisted by his college roommates and fellow Harvard students Eduardo Saverin , Andrew McCollum , Dustin Moskovitz , and Chris Hughes . The group then introduced Facebook to other college campuses . Facebook expanded rapidly , reaching one billion users by 2012 . Meanwhile , Zuckerberg was involved in various legal disputes brought by others in the group , who claimed a share of the company based upon their involvement during the development phase of Facebook . In December 2012 , Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan announced that over the course of their lives they would give the majority of their wealth to `` advancing human potential and promoting equality '' in the spirit of The Giving Pledge . On December 1 , 2015 , they announced they would eventually give 99 percent of their Facebook shares ( worth about US$ 45 billion at the time ) to the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative . Since 2010 , Time magazine has named Zuckerberg among the 100 wealthiest and most influential people in the world as a part of its Person of the Year award . In December 2016 , Zuckerberg was ranked 10th on Forbes list of The World 's Most Powerful People . According to Forbes Magazine , Zuckerberg has a net worth of US$ 63.3 billion as of May 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a58388b0936189f6b479841373ea48e4", "text": "Will Dean (businessman) Will Dean , MBE ( born November 8 , 1980 ) is a British businessman and former counter-terrorism officer and Harvard Business School MBA , who is the co-founder and CEO of Tough Mudder , and often is called `` The Mark Zuckerberg of Extreme Sports '' . Dean was named to Sports Business Journals prestigious 2017 `` Top 40 Under 40 List . '' Tough Mudder currently employs over 150 people worldwide . The company repeatedly has been identified as one of the live streaming industry 's content leaders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe99a3befed767b7fb8a86a72a8c5248", "text": "List of covers of Time magazine (1920s) This is a list of people appearing on the cover of Time magazine in the 1920s . Time was first published in 1923 . As Time became established as one of the United States ' leading newsmagazines , an appearance on the cover of Time became an indicator of a person 's notability , fame or notoriety . Such features were accompanied by articles about the person . For other decades , see Lists of people on the cover of Time magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b3822578faa7f87c934a45c6386294a", "text": "Tebogo Ditshego Tebogo Ditshego is the chief executive officer ( CEO ) of South African public relations agency Ditshego Media . Forbes Magazine included him in their list of the top 30 African entrepreneurs under 30 in 2014 . In 2012 he founded an on-line book club called ReadaBookSA , which has grown to become the biggest on-line book club in Africa . In 2016 , Tebogo Ditshego published his first African fiction book `` Kasi Nerd '' which went on to be a bestseller . In June , 2014 Tebogo Ditshego participated in the Mandela Fellowship for Young African leaders in the US , a programme launched by US President Barack Obama . The Mail & Guardian newspaper listed Tebogo Ditshego as one of the top 200 youth in South Africa for the work he has done in spreading a culture of reading books . He worked on the communications campaign for the `` Mandela '' banknotes for the South African Reserve Bank . In 2006 and 2007 he was selected twice consecutively to serve in the Student Representative Council at the University of Johannesburg . Tebogo Ditshego represented the University of Johannesburg twice consecutively to present his research papers at the Southern African Association of Communications Conference . The Sowetan listed Tebogo Ditshego as one of the top 12 sexiest men in South Africa for 2014 because of his role in making it cool to be intelligent and coining the term intellectual swag . He is currently a judge in season 4 of SABC 1 programme , One Day Leader . He holds an Honours degree in Communications from the University of Johannesburg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40ac4a857188df4e874db1545eb616d6", "text": "Social graph The social graph in the Internet context is a graph that depicts personal relations of internet users . In short , it is a model or representation of a social network , where the word graph has been taken from graph theory . The social graph has been referred to as `` the global mapping of everybody and how they 're related '' . The term was popularized at the Facebook F8 conference on May 24 , 2007 , when it was used to explain how the newly introduced Facebook Platform would take advantage of the relationships between individuals to offer a richer online experience . The definition has been expanded to refer to a social graph of all Internet users . Since explaining the concept of the social graph , Mark Zuckerberg , one of the founders of Facebook , has often touted Facebook 's goal of offering the website 's social graph to other websites so that a user 's relationships can be put to use on websites outside of Facebook 's control . This can be accomplished through the Facebook Open Graph API . One of the earliest known forms of the social graph was created in 2002 by Harvard student Philippe Bouzaglou in a paper published on the Harvard Department of Economics website . The paper replicated the Kevin Bacon Game using Harvard students and for the first time , gave an overview of an entire social graph , allowing the analysis of the characteristics of the network using graph theory . This paper was written for a seminar that was attended by Dustin Moskovitz who later became a Facebook co-founder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9632bf79ffd5b801c8228441ad5874ad", "text": "Google Calendar Google Calendar is a time-management and scheduling calendar service developed by Google . It became available as a limited beta release on April 13 , 2006 , and exited the beta stage in July 2009 . It is available on the web and as mobile apps for the Android and iOS mobile operating systems . Google Calendar allows users to create and edit events . Reminders can be enabled for events , with options available for type and time . Event locations can also be added , and other users can be invited to events . Users can enable or disable the visibility of special calendars , including Birthdays , where the app retrieves dates of births from Google contacts and displays birthday cards on a yearly basis , and Holidays , a country-specific calendar that displays dates of special occasions . Over time , Google has added functionality that makes use of machine learning , including `` Events from Gmail '' , where event information from a user 's Gmail messages are automatically added to Google Calendar ; `` Reminders '' , where users add to-do activities that can be automatically updated with new information ; `` Smart Suggestions '' , where the app recommends titles , contacts , and locations when creating events ; and `` Goals '' , where users enter information on a specified personal goal , and the app automatically schedules the activity at optimal times . Google Calendar 's mobile apps have received polarized reviews . 2015 reviews of the Android and iOS apps both praised and criticized the design . While some critics praised the design for being `` cleaner '' , `` bold '' and making use of `` colorful graphics '' , other reviewers asserted that the graphics took up too much space . The Smart Suggestions feature was also liked and disliked , with varying levels of success in the app actually managing to suggest relevant information upon event creation . The integration between Google Calendar and Gmail was praised , however , with critics writing that `` all of the relevant details are there '' . The iOS app has been criticized for its lack of iPad support , and for the lack of a widget in the iOS Notification Center . An update in March 2017 added iPad support , and a blog post by Google announced that a Notification Center widget is coming in a future update .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a040a01a214f234fe1b6c49dc9c3aa5", "text": "Prospect (magazine) Prospect is a monthly British general interest magazine , specialising in politics , economics and current affairs . Topics include British , European , and US politics , social issues , art , literature , cinema , science , the media , history , philosophy , and psychology . It features a mixture of lengthy analytic articles , first-person reportage , one-page columns , and shorter , quirky items . Notable features of the magazine include head-to-head debates between two writers with opposing views on a subject ; roundtable discussions , in which a series of experts with varying views on a given topic meet for a discussion , an edited transcript of which is published in the magazine ; and interviews with major political and cultural figures ( recent examples include Orhan Pamuk , Paul Wolfowitz , and Hilary Mantel ) . The magazine prizes independence over ideology and its articles and authors span the political spectrum . In recent years the magazine 's founding editor , David Goodhart , has stirred controversy with a series of articles arguing that the increasing diversity of the United Kingdom may weaken the bonds of solidarity on which the welfare state depends . The debate fed into the broader discussions of `` Britishness '' that have become increasingly common in the public sphere . Contributors include Lionel Shriver , A. C. Grayling , Gordon Brown , Mohamed ElBaradei , Michael Lind , Michael Ignatieff , Geoff Dyer , Francis Fukuyama , Roger Scruton , Andrew Marr , John Kay , and J. M. Coetzee . Prospect received worldwide attention in October 2005 when it published its list of the world 's top 100 public intellectuals , which included Noam Chomsky , Umberto Eco , Richard Dawkins , Steven Pinker and Christopher Hitchens . The magazine asked readers to vote for their top intellectual from the longlist ; Chomsky was the eventual winner . Subsequent lists have continued to attract attention . Dawkins claimed the top spot in 2013 . In August 2009 in a roundtable interview in Prospect , Adair Turner supported the idea of new global taxes on financial transactions , warning that a `` swollen '' financial sector paying excessive salaries has grown too big for society . Lord Turner 's suggestion that a `` Tobin tax '' - named after the economist James Tobin -- should be considered for financial transactions reverberated around the world . Prospect has also attempted to revitalise the art of the short story in Britain , by publishing the winning story of the Royal Society of Literature 's V.S. Pritchett Memorial Prize since 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c89b49d315f3071f60475f8acc5fdef", "text": "Influencer marketing Influencer marketing ( also influence marketing ) is a form of marketing in which focus is placed on specific key individuals ( or types of individual ) rather than the target market as a whole . It identifies the individuals that have influence over potential buyers , and orients marketing activities around these influencers . Influencer content may be framed as testimonial advertising where they play the role of a potential buyer themselves , or they may be third parties . These third parties exist either in the supply chain ( retailers , manufacturers , etc. ) or may be so-called value-added influencers ( such as journalists , academics , industry analysts , professional advisers , and so on ) . The idea of a `` two-step flow of communication '' was introduced in The People 's Choice ( Paul Lazarsfeld , Bernard Berelson , and Hazel Gaudet , a 1940 study on the decision making process of voters . This idea was further developed in `` Personal Influence '' ( Lazarsfeld , Elihu Katz 1955 ) and `` The Effects of Mass Communication '' ( Joseph Klapper 1960 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04c5d1a89d4744ab744102ae12cffee6", "text": "Gregory Zuckerman Gregory Zuckerman is a special writer at The Wall Street Journal and a non-fiction author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bff20ed6e8e6a206f492b9d91f23256a", "text": "Sergey Brin Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin ( Серге́й Миха́йлович Брин born August 21 , 1973 ) is a Russian American computer scientist , internet entrepreneur , and philanthropist . Together with Larry Page , he co-founded Google . Brin is the President of Google 's parent company Alphabet Inc. . , Brin is the 13th richest person in the world , with an estimated net worth of US$ 39.8 billion . Brin immigrated to the United States with his family from the Soviet Union at the age of 6 . He earned his bachelor 's degree at the University of Maryland , following in his father 's and grandfather 's footsteps by studying mathematics , as well as computer science . After graduation , he moved to Stanford University to acquire a PhD in computer science . There he met Page , with whom he later became friends . They crammed their dormitory room with inexpensive computers and applied Brin 's data mining system to build a web search engine . The program became popular at Stanford , and they suspended their PhD studies to start up Google in a rented garage . The Economist referred to Brin as an `` Enlightenment Man '' , and as someone who believes that `` knowledge is always good , and certainly always better than ignorance '' , a philosophy that is summed up by Google 's mission statement , `` Organize the world 's information and make it universally accessible and useful , '' and unofficial yet sometimes controversial motto , `` Do n't be evil '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fabdc47572748f939ed3b2d724e109d", "text": "Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration The economic policy of the Barack Obama administration was characterized by moderate tax increases on higher income Americans designed to fund healthcare reform , reduce the federal budget deficit , and improve income inequality . His first term ( 2009 -- 2013 ) included measures designed to address the Great Recession and Subprime mortgage crisis , which began in 2007 . These included a major stimulus package , banking regulation , and comprehensive healthcare reform . As the economy improved and robust job creation continued during his second term ( 2013 -- 2017 ) , the Bush tax cuts were allowed to expire for the highest income taxpayers and a spending sequester ( cap ) was implemented , to further reduce the deficit back to typical historical levels . Towards the end of his tenure , the U.S. economy was nearing full employment such that the Federal Reserve began raising interest rates , real household income was nearing its pre-crisis peak , gas prices were very low , and GDP grew 3.5 % . He also implemented several environmental executive orders to address climate change and encourage clean energy industries , as the U.S. enjoyed an unprecedented increase in energy production . Both the stock market and corporate profits reached record high levels during his tenure , while inflation and interest rates remained near record low levels . Conceptually , Obama advocated using government regulation to stem crony capitalism and tax revenue to stabilize and promote economic growth . Two of his important economic advisers were Jason Furman of Harvard University and Jeffrey Liebman of Harvard University . In 2006 , Obama wrote , `` We should be asking ourselves what mix of policies will lead to a dynamic free market and widespread economic security , entrepreneurial innovation and upward mobility -LSB- ... -RSB- we should be guided by what works . '' Speaking before the National Press Club in April 2005 , he defended the New Deal social welfare policies of Franklin D. Roosevelt , associating Republican proposals to establish private accounts for Social Security with Social Darwinism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca06766cdf24706426661e5491090c27", "text": "Moore's law Moore 's law ( -LSB- mɔərz.ˈlɔː -RSB- ) is the observation that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years . The observation is named after Gordon Moore , the co-founder of Fairchild Semiconductor and Intel , whose 1965 paper described a doubling every year in the number of components per integrated circuit , and projected this rate of growth would continue for at least another decade . In 1975 , looking forward to the next decade , he revised the forecast to doubling every two years . The period is often quoted as 18 months because of Intel executive David House , who predicted that chip performance would double every 18 months ( being a combination of the effect of more transistors and the transistors being faster ) . Moore 's prediction proved accurate for several decades , and has been used in the semiconductor industry to guide long-term planning and to set targets for research and development . Advancements in digital electronics are strongly linked to Moore 's law : quality-adjusted microprocessor prices , memory capacity , sensors and even the number and size of pixels in digital cameras . Digital electronics has contributed to world economic growth in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries . Moore 's law describes a driving force of technological and social change , productivity , and economic growth . Moore 's law is an observation or projection and not a physical or natural law . Although the rate held steady from 1975 until around 2012 , the rate was faster during the first decade . In general , it is not logically sound to extrapolate from the historical growth rate into the indefinite future . For example , the 2010 update to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors , predicted that growth would slow around 2013 , and in 2015 Gordon Moore foresaw that the rate of progress would reach saturation : `` I see Moore 's law dying here in the next decade or so . '' Intel stated in 2015 that the pace of advancement has slowed , starting at the 22 nm feature width around 2012 , and continuing at 14 nm . Brian Krzanich , CEO of Intel , announced that `` our cadence today is closer to two and a half years than two . '' This is scheduled to hold through the 10 nm width in late 2017 . He cited Moore 's 1975 revision as a precedent for the current deceleration , which results from technical challenges and is `` a natural part of the history of Moore 's law . '' However , in April 2016 , Intel CEO Brian Krzanich stated that `` In my 34 years in the semiconductor industry , I have witnessed the advertised death of Moore 's Law no less than four times . As we progress from 14 nanometer technology to 10 nanometer and plan for 7 nanometer and 5 nanometer and even beyond , our plans are proof that Moore 's Law is alive and well '' . In January 2017 , he declared that `` I 've heard the death of Moore 's law more times than anything else in my career , '' Krzanich said . `` And I 'm here today to really show you and tell you that Moore 's Law is alive and well and flourishing . '' Today hardware has to be designed in a multi-core manner to keep up with Moore 's law . In turn , this also means that software has to be written in a multi-threaded manner to take full advantage of the hardware .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b76d18391b4436b19b5d7f0b98945cce", "text": "Peter Thiel Peter Andreas Thiel ( -LSB- ` tiːl -RSB- born October 11 , 1967 ) is an American entrepreneur , venture capitalist , philanthropist , political activist , and author . He was ranked No. 4 on the Forbes Midas List of 2014 , with a net worth of $ 2.2 billion , and No. 246 on the Forbes 400 in 2016 , with a net worth of $ 2.7 billion . Thiel was born in Frankfurt , and holds German citizenship . He moved with his family to the United States as an infant , and spent a portion of his upbringing in Africa before returning to the U.S. . He studied philosophy at Stanford University , graduating with a B.A. in 1989 . He then went on to the Stanford Law School , and received his J.D. in 1992 . After graduation , he worked as a judicial clerk for Judge James Larry Edmondson , a securities lawyer for Sullivan & Cromwell , a speechwriter for former-U.S. Secretary of Education William Bennett and as a derivatives trader at Credit Suisse prior to founding Thiel Capital in 1996 . He then co-founded PayPal in 1999 , and served as chief executive officer until its sale to eBay in 2002 for $ 1.5 billion . After the sale of PayPal , he founded Clarium Capital , a global macro hedge fund . He launched Palantir Technologies , an analytical software company , in 2004 and continues to serve as its chairman as of 2016 . His Founders Fund , a venture capital firm , was launched in 2005 along with PayPal partners Ken Howery and Luke Nosek . Earlier , Thiel became Facebook 's first outside investor when he acquired a 10.2 % stake for $ 500,000 in August 2004 . He sold the majority of his shares in Facebook for over $ 1 billion in 2012 , but remains on the board of directors . He also co-founded Valar Ventures in 2010 and operates as its chairman , co-founded Mithril Capital , of which he is investment committee chair , in 2012 , and has served as a partner at Y Combinator since 2015 . Thiel is involved with a variety of philanthropic and political pursuits . Through the Thiel Foundation , he governs the grant-making bodies Breakout Labs and Thiel Fellowship , and supports life extension , seasteading and other speculative research . A founder of The Stanford Review , he is a conservative libertarian who is critical of excessive government spending , high debt levels , and foreign wars . He has donated to numerous political figures , and provided financial support to Hulk Hogan in Bollea v. Gawker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6df04ac3a8193af37c67a66c2c9ae6c5", "text": "Ann S. Moore Ann S. Moore ( born May 29 , 1950 ) was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Time Inc. until the fall of 2010 . She became the company 's first woman CEO when she was appointed to the position in July 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a52930cd6c7f87e96e95a27a2918d791", "text": "Time Matters Time Matters is practice management software , produced by LexisNexis which was purchased by Reed Elsevier in March , 2004 . It differs from contact management software such as ACT ! or GoldMine because in addition to contacts , it manages calendaring , email , documents , research , billing , accounting , and matters or projects . It integrates with a variety of other software products from both LexisNexis and other vendors . Some of these vendors are Quicken , Microsoft , Palm , Mozilla , Corel , and Adobe . Developed originally for law firms , Time Matters competes with Gavel , Amicus , Tabs , and other legal practice management products . It also may be used in conjunction with Document modelling and Document assembly software products like HotDocs and Deal Builder . Time Matters was developed by DATA.TXT Corporation originally of Coral Gables , Florida , later of Cary , North Carolina ( Cary is part of the Research Triangle Area of Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill ... the `` Silicon Valley of the East '' ) . Since its inception , DATA.TXT Corporation focused on making Time Matters an all-encompassing professional office software package , providing Calendar , Tickler , Contact , Matter , Document , and Messaging Management for personal computers and networks of all sizes . Founded in December 1989 by Robert Butler who was later joined as co-founder by Kevin Stilwell in 1992 , the entire management and programming staff that began Time Matters ' development in 1989 remained on the team until 2004 , providing continuity and reliability rarely seen in software developed for specialized markets . Time Matters became the number one seller of this type of Windows legal software , with nearly 60,000 users of the Windows version in all 50 US States , plus additional users in Canada , Europe , the Caribbean , Australia and New Zealand , Africa , and Southeast Asia . Time Matters for Windows has been shipping since 1994 ( The DOS version of Time Matters started shipping in 1989 ) . Time Matters was previously available in three editions : Professional , Enterprise , and World . The Enterprise edition used Microsoft SQL Server as its database engine . Time Matters Browser Edition ( formerly World Edition ) served up Time Matters in Web browsers for remote access to a law firm 's data . An international network of Certified Independent Consultants ( `` CICs '' ) support , train , and customize this product for end users . Time Matters Professional , discontinued with the release of Time Matters 10.0 in 2009 , was based on the TPS file system developed by Softvelocity . Time Matters Enterprise , now simply Time Matters , is based on SQL for its database and currently is limited to Microsoft SQL Server and SQL Express ( also from Microsoft ) . None of the open-source SQL programs such as Postgresql and MySQL are currently supported . With the release of Version 10 in October 2009 , Time Matters became available only in the Enterprise Edition ( but is sold as Time Matters ) . In May 2010 , LexisNexis released their new Annual Maintenance Plan policy , which required users to be on the Annual Maintenance Plan to receive technical support , product upgrades and access to online training and support resources .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ef44d7cbd375a5bb6c43cc7d41466a1", "text": "Horizon Project The Horizon Project is an initiative by the New Media Consortium ( NMC ) to chart emerging technologies for teaching and learning . Its objective is to help educators and thought leaders across the world build upon the innovation happening at their institutions by providing them with expert research and analysis . It was launched in 2002 by Laurence F. Johnson , CEO of NMC , and publishes several reports online detailing trends in the usage of technology in education . Since 2005 , Johnson has collaborated with Rachel S. Smith in the writing of this report . In 2006 , Alan Levine joined the production team , and Keene Haywood joined in 2010 . In 2011 , Samantha Adams succeeded Smith as the project 's lead researcher and writer . In 2011 , Horizon Report downloads surpassed the 500,000 mark and worldwide readership approached a million people . The NMC 's landmark nine-years-and-counting study of emerging technology continued with the release of the `` 2011 Horizon Report '' in January 2011 . A brand new museum edition was released in October 2010 to the museum community , along with reports for K-12 education and for Australia - New Zealand . The Horizon Project expanded to Latin America in that year , when for the first time , a Horizon research cycle was conducted completely in Spanish . The 2010 Horizon Report : Edicion Iberoamericana was released in July 2010 . Each report is put together collaboratively by an Advisory Board which consists of an international group of educational experts that are selected by-invitation-only . Reports are released with a Creative Commons license ( attribution-only ) and may be freely replicated and distributed . The Horizon Project reports have been commonly cited at various trending websites and could be used as guidelines in studying trends in the usage of technology in education . Over the past 10 years , various editions of the reports have been downloaded more than a million times . Like other research projects , the Horizon Project has its fair share of critics ( for example , the Higher Ed CIO blog thinks that it is deviating from its original objectives ) and supporters ( for example the past president of IFEES calls it a `` must read '' ) . Various editions of the Horizon Reports are frequently cited by authors of various academic journals and articles . ( According to Google Scholar , the 2010 Horizon Report has been cited more than 1000 times . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdb162db3525b2fad029d437d0824757", "text": "List of The Colbert Report episodes (2010) This is a list of episodes for The Colbert Report '' in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b1324c917c343c2b6b2f382f5e7946a", "text": "2010 Nobel Peace Prize The 2010 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to imprisoned Chinese human rights activist `` for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China '' . The laureate , once an eminent scholar , was reportedly little-known inside the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) at the time of the award due to official censorship ; he is a veteran of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 , and a co-author of the Charter 08 manifesto for which he was sentenced to 11 years in prison on 25 December 2009 . Liu , who was backed by Václav Havel and Desmond Tutu , received the award among a record field of more than 200 nominees . The decision , while widely praised by foreign intellectuals and politicians , was attacked by the Chinese government and the state media . A number of countries , including Saudi Arabia and Russia , also denounced the award and what they regarded as interference in China 's domestic affairs . Following the announcement , official censorship was applied within China -- on the Internet , television , and in print media . The government strongly denounced the award , and summoned the Norwegian ambassador in Beijing to make a formal protest . The Chinese authorities arrested citizens who attempted to celebrate . Liu 's wife was put under house-arrest before the decision of the Nobel Committee was announced . Chinese diplomats moved to pressure other countries not to attend the award ceremony , which was scheduled for 10 December . Western missions in Oslo received warning letters from their Chinese counterparts ; the deputy foreign minister also warned countries of `` the consequences '' . In December , the Chinese foreign ministry continued the rhetorical assault , claiming `` more than 100 countries and international organisations -LSB- had -RSB- expressed explicit support of China 's position '' . In the end , 46 countries attended of the 65 invited ( People 's Republic of China and 19 other nations declined invitations ) . China 's official news agency , Xinhua , attacked the West for its `` Cold-War or even colonial mentality '' , and for daring to `` regard themselves as the judge , the teacher -LSB- who -RSB- assume that they can forever distort the fact and block the truth by using political maneuvers . '' Strong rhetoric and denunciations of the West continued from official sources until after the ceremony . Liu is the first person of Chinese nationality to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize , and the first to be awarded a Nobel Prize of any kind while residing in China . Liu is the third person to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize while in prison or detention after Germany 's Carl von Ossietzky ( 1935 ) and Burma 's Aung San Suu Kyi ( 1991 ) . As the laureate was absent , Liu 's place on the podium was unoccupied ; Norwegian actress Liv Ullmann read I Have No Enemies , an essay that Liu had written for his trial in December 2009 , in place of the acceptance speech .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9262f045ad6427ec61cda01bb7e474ff", "text": "2011 Pulitzer Prize The 2011 Pulitzer Prizes were announced on Monday , April 18 , 2011 . The Los Angeles Times won two prizes , including the highest honor for Public Service . The New York Times also won two awards . No prize was handed out in the Breaking News category . The Wall Street Journal won an award for the first time since 2007 . Jennifer Egan 's A Visit From the Goon Squad picked up the Fiction prize after already winning the 2010 National Book Critics Circle Award . Photographer Carol Guzy of The Washington Post became the first journalist to win four Pulitzer Prizes . In December 2010 , three rules changes were revealed for the 2011 Awards . The first allows print and online outlets that publish at least weekly to use a number of media to report the news `` including text reporting , videos , databases , multimedia or interactive presentations or any combination of those formats '' . The second rule change allows up to five people to be named in an award citation ; the previous limit was three . The final rule change allows for digital submission of images to the judges in the two photography categories . Below , the winner ( s ) in each category are listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ea3230ed4c1491656d0a8e768509fae", "text": "Facebook like button The Facebook like button is a feature on the social networking website Facebook . It was first enabled on February 9 , 2009 . The like button enables users to easily interact with status updates , comments , photos , links shared by friends , and advertisements . Once clicked by a user , the designated content appears in the News Feeds of that user 's friends , and the button also displays the number of other users who have liked the content , including a full or partial list of those users . The like button was extended to comments in June 2010 . After extensive testing and years of questions from the public about whether it had an intention to incorporate a `` Dislike '' button , Facebook officially rolled out `` Reactions '' to users worldwide on February 24 , 2016 , letting users long-press on the like button for an option to use one of five pre-defined emotions , including `` Love '' , `` Haha '' , `` Wow '' , `` Sad '' , or `` Angry '' . Reactions were also extended to comments in May 2017 . The like button is one of Facebook 's social plug-ins , in which the button can be placed on third-party websites . Its use centers around a form of an advertising network , in which it gathers information about which users visit what websites . This form of functionality , a sort of web beacon , has been significantly criticized for privacy . Privacy activist organizations have urged Facebook to stop its data collection through the plug-in , and governments have launched investigations into the activity for possible privacy law violations . Facebook has stated that it anonymizes the information after three months , and that the data collected is not shared or sold to third parties . Additionally , the like button 's potential use as a measurement of popularity has caused some companies to sell likes through fake Facebook accounts , which in turn have sparked complaints from some companies advertising on Facebook that have received an abundance of fake likes that have distorted proper user metrics . Facebook states in its Terms of Service agreement that users may only create one personal page , and it has ongoing efforts against the spread of fake accounts . In the United States , pressing the `` like '' button on a page is protected as freedom of speech under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8900e565a224b95610c741d702b98f72	Lana Del Rey's music has been regarded for its penchant for ideas of tragic romance.	[ { "docid": "8fbb74cda1e7d3405a742d8e2de9918e", "text": "Lana Del Rey Elizabeth Woolridge Grant ( born June 21 , 1985 ) , better known by her stage name Lana Del Rey , is an American singer , songwriter , and model . Her music has been noted for its cinematic style , its preoccupation with themes of tragic romance and melancholia , and its references to pop culture , particularly 1950s and 1960s Americana . Born and raised in New York , Del Rey embarked on a music career in 2005 and first received widespread attention in 2011 , when the music video for her single `` Video Games '' became a viral internet sensation . Del Rey received further recognition after her major-label debut Born to Die peaked at number two on the United States charts and was the fifth best-selling album of 2012 . A remix of its single `` Summertime Sadness '' , produced by Cedric Gervais , peaked at number six in the United States , and the Paradise EP followed that November , garnering Del Rey her first Grammy nomination for Best Pop Vocal Album . Three of the EP 's tracks were featured in her short film Tropico , which premiered in December 2013 . In 2014 , Del Rey released her third studio album , Ultraviolence ; it became her first number-one album in the United States . In 2015 , following a North American tour with Courtney Love and Grimes , Del Rey released her fourth studio album , Honeymoon . Both albums received positive critical response . Del Rey is set to release her fifth studio album , titled Lust for Life , on July 21 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a15b0ca965016d298c7d264c2422a9ef", "text": "Timotha Lanae Timotha Lanae ( pronounced Tuh-moth-ah Luh-nay ) is an international and multi-octave singer songwriter , playwright and actress . Her debut album Red reached # 1 on the UK Soul Charts . Her follow-up EP Rewind reached # 1 on the Sweet Rhythms Chart and peaked at # 2 on the UK Soul Chart . Elements of soul , R&B , funk , jazz , and hip hop can be found in Lanae 's music . She cites Marvin Gaye , Maxwell , Sade , The Isley Brothers , Gap Band , and Bonnie Raitt as some of her main influences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "492bbeb7b37cbe309622dbb3ea387704", "text": "Celine Dion Céline Marie Claudette Dion , ( -LSB- ˈdiːɒn -RSB- -LSB- seˈlɪn dziˈjɔ̃ -RSB- ; born 30 March 1968 ) is a Canadian singer and businesswoman . Born into a large family from Charlemagne , Quebec , Dion emerged as a teen star in the French-speaking world after her manager and future husband René Angélil mortgaged his home to finance her first record . Dion first gained international recognition in the 1980s by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest where she represented Switzerland . Following a series of French albums during the 1980s , she signed on to Epic Records in the United States . In 1990 , Dion released her debut English-language album , Unison , establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world . During the 1990s , with the help of Angélil , she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several English albums along with additional French albums . Her albums , Falling into You ( 1996 ) and Let 's Talk About Love ( 1997 ) , were both certified diamond in the US while D'eux ( 1995 ) became the best-selling French-language album of all time . She also scored a series of international number-one hits , including `` Nothing Broken but My Heart '' , `` The Power of Love '' , `` Think Twice '' , `` Because You Loved Me '' , `` It 's All Coming Back to Me Now '' , `` My Heart Will Go On '' , and `` I 'm Your Angel . '' However , in 1999 at the height of her success , Dion announced a hiatus from entertainment to start a family and spend time with her husband , who had been diagnosed with cancer . She returned to the top of pop music in 2002 and signed to perform nightly in A New Day ... ( 2003 -- 07 ) , a five-star theatrical show at the Colosseum at Caesars Palace , on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise , Nevada . It became the most successful residency show of all time , grossing US $ 385 million . Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R&B to gospel and classical . Her recordings are mainly in French and English , although she also sings in Spanish , Italian , German , Latin , Japanese , and Mandarin Chinese . While her releases have often received mixed critical reception , she is regarded as one of pop music 's most influential voices . Dion has won five Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year and Record of the Year . She is the second best-selling female artist in the US during the Nielsen SoundScan era . In 2003 , Dion was honoured by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry ( IFPI ) for selling over 50 million albums in Europe . Dion remains the best-selling Canadian artist and one of the best-selling artists of all time with record sales of over 200 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "322882188b1e685b4481de1d0537af72", "text": "Bleeding Love `` Bleeding Love '' is a song performed by British singer Leona Lewis , who released it from her 2007 debut studio album , Spirit . Jointly written and composed by American singers and songwriters Jesse McCartney and Ryan Tedder , and produced by Tedder , the song is the album 's lead single ; officially , it was Lewis 's official second single , and followed `` A Moment Like This '' . It was released in the United Kingdom and Ireland in October 2007 . Debuting at number one on the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart , `` Bleeding Love '' became the best-selling single of 2007 in both countries . After the single 's release , it became a major international hit , and was the best-selling single of 2008 worldwide . The single has reached number one in 35 countries , including Japan , Germany and the United States , making it only the second song in history to achieve this feat , Elton John 's `` Candle in the Wind 1997 '' being the first . The video first aired on 17 October 2007 , and was uploaded to YouTube on the same day , on which it now has over 138 million views . `` Bleeding Love '' has sold more than one million copies in the United Kingdom , and over 4 million digital downloads in the U.S. , where it was the best-selling digital song there in 2008 . It was named the 17th most successful song in the US from 2000 -- 2009 , on the Billboard Hot 100 Songs of the Decade . The song achieved a similar feat in the United Kingdom where it was the best-selling single of 2007 , selling 788,000 copies . `` Bleeding Love '' has charted on the UK Singles Chart in three different years : in 2007 it peaked at number one ; 2008 at number 76 ; and 2009 at number 97 . `` Bleeding Love '' was nominated for Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 51st Grammy Awards . At the 2008 Brit Awards it was nominated for Best British Single . It is Lewis 's biggest hit in the US to date , is still her only single to reach the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 and remains her most successful single worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb15bcc714c715eae349eaf85f89ea1a", "text": "Whitney Houston discography The discography of American singer Whitney Houston ( 1963 -- 2012 ) consists of seven studio albums , six compilations , two soundtrack albums , five box sets , six extended plays , and fifty-seven singles . In 1985 , Houston released her self-titled debut album . It spent fourteen weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 and was certified thirteen times platinum ( Diamond ) by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , with global sales of 25 million copies . The album produced four US top 5 singles , including three Billboard Hot 100 number-ones . In 1987 , Houston released her second album Whitney . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was supported by four US number-one singles : `` I Wan na Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' , `` Did n't We Almost Have It All '' , `` So Emotional '' , and `` Where Do Broken Hearts Go '' , which established an unprecedented seven consecutive number one hits by a performer . Whitney was certified 9 × Platinum by the RIAA and topped the charts in numerous countries , having sold in excess of 20 million copies worldwide . Houston 's third studio album , I 'm Your Baby Tonight ( 1990 ) , peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 chart and yielded two number-one singles ; `` I 'm Your Baby Tonight '' and `` All the Man That I Need '' , selling 10 million units worldwide . In February 1991 , Houston released `` The Star Spangled Banner '' performance from Super Bowl XXV as a single , becoming the highest-charting rendition of the national anthem on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The Bodyguard soundtrack from her film debut , was released in November 1992 . The album contains tracks by other recording artists but is considered a Houston album by Billboard . It topped the Billboard 200 for twenty non-consecutive weeks , one of the longest tenures by an album in the Nielsen SoundScan era . The album was certified 17 × Platinum the United States and sold over 45 million copies worldwide , becoming the best-selling soundtrack album and one of the top 5 best-selling albums of all time . The lead single from the soundtrack , `` I Will Always Love You '' , topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for a then-record-breaking fourteen weeks and was certified 6 × Platinum by the RIAA , peaked at number one on the charts in nearly every country and sold 12 million copies worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time . Houston contributed three songs , including her eleventh number-one single `` Exhale ( Shoop Shoop ) '' on the 7x platinum soundtrack album , Waiting to Exhale ( November 1995 ) . The following year she released The Preacher 's Wife in November 1996 . The soundtrack was certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA and became the biggest selling gospel album of all time . In 1998 , she released her first studio album in eight years , My Love Is Your Love . The album failed to match the commercial status of her previous albums , peaking at number thirteen , her lowest chart position on the Billboard 200 among her studio albums . Despite initial weak sales , the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status with 11 million units sold worldwide , being certified 4 × Platinum in the United States . From late 1998 to early 2000 , the album generated five singles ; `` When You Believe '' ( duet with Mariah Carey ) , `` Heartbreak Hotel '' , `` It 's Not Right but It 's Okay '' , `` My Love Is Your Love '' , and `` I Learned from the Best '' . Houston entered the 2000s with her first greatest hits compilation , Whitney : The Greatest Hits , released in May 2000 . The double-disc was certified 3 × Platinum by the RIAA in 2002 and earned 5 × Platinum award posthumously , recognizing 2.6 million in sales throughout the United States . The album hit the top position on the UK Albums Chart and sold over 1.66 million copies in the UK alone . Also , it reached the top ten in many worldwide markets , selling 10 million copies globally . Just Whitney , released in December 2002 , became her first album after renewing her contract with Arista for a record $ 100 million in 2001 . The album failed to earn multi-platinum status , receiving only Platinum award in the US , and became her lowest-selling studio album to date . She released a holiday album , One Wish : The Holiday Album in November 2003 . In September 2009 , Houston returned to the top position of the Billboard 200 with I Look to You , becoming her fourth number-one album on the chart ; which was her first non-soundtrack number-one in 22 years , since 1987 's Whitney . It also topped the album charts of several European countries and was certified Platinum by the RIAA . Her albums Whitney Houston , Whitney , The Bodyguard and Whitney : The Greatest Hits are among the top 100 certified albums according to the RIAA . According to the RIAA , Houston is the top-selling R&B female artist of the 20th century , and the fourth best-selling female artist in the United States , with shipments of 57 million albums . In addition , until the launch of the RIAA 's digital certification program in 2004 , she had sold 16.5 million physical singles more than any other female solo artist in history . According to the Official UK Charts Company in October 2012 , Houston is at number four in the top 10 biggest selling female singles artists of all-time list with a sales total of 8.5 million singles . Whitney Houston is one of pop music 's best-selling music artists of all-time , with an estimated 170 -- 200 million records sold worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f672f4bfe40a8cfdf839e681940c6f9", "text": "The Love Club EP The Love Club EP is the debut extended play ( EP ) by New Zealand singer Lorde . At the age of 12 , she was discovered by Universal Music Group scout Scott MacLachlan , and began writing songs . In December 2011 , MacLachlan paired Lorde with producer Joel Little , and within three weeks , the pair had co-written and produced all 5 songs on the EP . In November 2012 , Lorde self-released the EP for free download via SoundCloud . On 8 March 2013 the record was commercially released by Universal Music Group and Virgin Records . An indie rock-influenced electronica album , The Love Club EP was well received by music critics , who praised its production and compared its style to works by Sky Ferreira , Florence and the Machine and Lana Del Rey . The release peaked at number two in New Zealand and Australia , and was certified platinum and septuple platinum in those two countries respectively . In the US , the record charted at number twenty-three on the Billboard 200 chart and have sold 60,000 copies as of August 2013 . To promote The Love Club EP , Lorde performed during various concerts , and `` Royals '' was released as a single .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c794759d94b0ecc708b25b2955a211dc", "text": "List of songs written by Bonnie McKee American singer and songwriter Bonnie McKee has co-written eight number-one singles , which have sold more than 30 million copies worldwide combined . Her debut album Trouble was released in September 2004 . She singlehandedly wrote all but one song on the album , some when she was 14 and 15 years old . A standalone single , `` American Girl , '' was released in 2013 . An album was due for release in spring of 2014 but , by the end of the year , had not yet materialized , Instead , an EP , Bombastic was released in June 2015 . McKee also has over 50 songwriting credits for songs that have been recorded by other artists . Eight of these have topped either the British or the American charts . McKee has collaborated with pop singer Katy Perry , and the pair have written five of Perry 's number-one singles together : `` California Gurls '' , `` Teenage Dream '' , `` Last Friday Night ( T.G.I.F. ) '' , `` Part of Me '' and `` Roar '' . McKee has also written four other songs recorded by Perry . She co-wrote five songs on Britney Spears ' seventh studio album Femme Fatale , including `` Hold It Against Me '' , which topped the Billboard Hot 100 . McKee has co-written two singles that reached the number-one position on the UK Singles Chart : `` Dynamite '' by Taio Cruz and `` How We Do ( Party ) '' by Rita Ora . `` Dynamite '' became the second-best-selling song by a British artist in the digital era . In 2012 , McKee co-wrote three songs on Adam Lambert 's album Trespassing and two songs for Ke $ ha 's album Warrior , `` C'Mon '' and `` Supernatural '' , the former of which served as the second single from the record . She also co-wrote two songs that appear on Leona Lewis ' album Glassheart , including the album 's second single `` Lovebird '' . McKee has also co-written songs that have been recorded by Christina Aguilera , Kelly Clarkson , Cher , Carly Rae Jepsen and Ellie Goulding among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0246b7ed8f112c536bc7d15a68347016", "text": "Yolanda Pérez Yolanda Pérez ( born May 20 , 1983 ) is an American singer-songwriter who specializes in banda music . She is sometimes known by the stage name `` La Potranquita '' , ( Spanish : `` little filly '' ) , a name taken by her father from his home city of Zacatecas , Mexico . Perez was born in Los Angeles , California . Her family later moved to Montclair , California . She graduated from Montclair High School in 2001 . When she was 11 years old , Perez won a music contest held in the Los Angeles-area Lynwood . As part of the prize package , she recorded an album that launched her musical career . She has since recorded several more albums . Her career was especially enhanced when she signed with the Fonovisa label , part of the Univision Music Group . Perez followed in the footsteps of her father and grandparents who were also exponents of banda music . Her minor-label albums exhibited all the traditional characteristics of banda , but from Déjenme Llorar ( 2003 ) onwards she has combined the banda sound with modern elements such as rap as well as introducing set-piece dialogues into some tracks . Her music also shows other influences from hip hop and R&B artists - this has led her to include Spanglish phrasing in some lyrics , such as in the duet Estoy Enamorada with Don Cheto . Perez therefore , while continuing to exemplify traditional banda , has placed her own stamp and interpretation on this genre . In 2005 , Pérez was nominated for an Urban Artist of the Year award at the 17th Lo Nuestro Awards . Perez has also performed public service announcements and has been involved with other charitable work . In 2006 she volunteered to help with the `` Got Milk '' campaign , explaining that Latin American women tend to worry about outer beauty but need to also focus on their diet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93d31b0f44b1d1ff6e4c4ba513114839", "text": "The Endless Summer Tour The Endless Summer Tour was the third headlining concert tour by American recording artist Lana Del Rey in support of her third studio album , Ultraviolence ( 2014 ) . The tour began on May 7 , 2015 in The Woodlands , Texas and concluded on June 16 , 2015 in West Palm Beach , Florida finishing with a total of twenty shows over the span of two months . The first seven shows of the tour were supported by fellow alternative rock singer Courtney Love , while the majority of the remaining tour dates were supported by synthpop singer and producer , Grimes . Most of the tour dates were sold out instantly . Lana Del Rey performed songs from Born to Die , Paradise , and Ultraviolence , in addition to some previously unreleased songs , and covers . At the end of 2015 , the tour placed at number 156 on Pollstar 's `` 2015 Year-End Top 200 North American Tours '' list , grossing $ 6 million from 16 shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c806d07dfdd0e663e136fbba0b52bb8", "text": "Tragic Idol Tragic Idol is the 13th studio album by the British gothic metal band Paradise Lost . The album was released on 23 April 2012 in Europe and 24 April 2012 in North America via Century Media Records . In support of the album , Paradise Lost went on a UK concert tour with Insomnium . Formats the album was released through are : Standard CD ; Limited Edition 2-CD Box ; a fan box , which includes a poster , album slipmat , gold marbled colored 7 '' & 12 '' Vinyl , A1 poster 135g , army cap and boxes selected at random will include handwritten lyrics by the band . This band has a box set titled Original Album Classics and they have a release similar titled Original Album Collection which has this album along with this band 's other albums , In Requiem & Faith Divides Us - Death Unites Us . There are EMP Edition ( 200 copies ) - gold vinyl , Amazon Edition ( 400 copies Germany / 200 copies France ) - white vinyl , Nuclear Blast Edition ( 400 copies ) - dark blue vinyl and Band Edition ( 250 copies , signed ) - dark sand marbled vinyl Commented guitarist Gregor Mackintosh : `` The -LSB- new CD was -RSB- again produced by Jens Bogren and is influenced by classic doom metal and classic metal . I would say it is more melodic than the last record whilst retaining the heaviness . There are lots of guitar solos and melodies . '' Also this is the first Paradise Lost studio album featuring Adrian Erlandsson on drums , who joined the band in 2009 . There is a track called `` The Last Fallen Saviour '' which written for this album but it was initially made only available as a free flexi disc with Decibel magazine , but has since been included on Tragic Illusion 25 , a rarities compilation released in 2013 to commemorate the band 's 25th anniversary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72382ac0208f611684b2e020648e9c62", "text": "Nora Aunor discography This is a list of the albums and singles in the discography of Nora Aunor . Aunor started her career as a singer when she won an amateur singing contest , `` Tawag ng Tanghalan '' in 1967 thus calling her the `` girl with a golden Voice '' and '' Princess of Songs . '' In 1968 , Nora Aunor was contracted by Alpha Records upon the recommendation of singer Carmen Soriano . Although Aunor 's first singles were not major hits , she subsequently went on to smash local record sales with songs like `` It 's Time to Say Goodbye '' , `` Silently '' , `` Forever Loving You '' , `` It 's Not Unusual '' , and countless others . In her seven years with Alpha Records , Aunor was able to set all-time high record sales which up to this day has not been surpassed . At the height of her popularity as a recording artist in the late 1960s and early 1970s , local records soared up to 60 % of national sales according to Alpha Records Philippines . She is the artist with the most singles in Philippine recording history ( with more than 260 singles ) . Over-all she has recorded more than 500 songs . She has notched more than 30 gold singles , a record in the local music industry . With estimated sales of one million units , Nora 's cover of `` Pearly Shells '' ( 1971 ) is one of the biggest-selling singles in the Philippines ever . She also recorded some 46 hit long-playing albums , and several extended plays . National Artist for Literature Nick Joaquin once wrote that `` The Aunor voice has never been particularly young-girlish . Even at 14 , when she pitched it low , the effect was smoky torch . Her teenage fans say that what they like about Nora 's voice is that ` it can do anything , wild or sweet . ' But it 's in the heartbreak songs that the throat really comes through -- and the sound is all woman . '' National Artist for Music , Prof. Andrea Veneracion said these words about Aunor : `` She always has a good voice and over the years , she has developed her own style . Nora in her heyday towered above all other singers not only in terms of popularity but simply because she has a beautiful voice which is what spells the difference even now that many other pop singers have cropped up . Most of our singers now sing well , yes . They have their own style but most of them are at best imitators . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fc02fbcc4bc959f4ee3adf65cff5d64", "text": "Loca (Shakira song) `` Loca '' ( `` Crazy '' ) is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira , taken from her seventh studio album , Sale el Sol ( 2010 ) . It was released by Epic Records as the lead single from the album . The Spanish-language version features Dominican rapper El Cata , and was released on 10 September 2010 , while the English-language version features British rapper Dizzee Rascal , and was released on 13 September 2010 . It was written and produced by Shakira , with additional songwriting from Edward Bello , Armando Pérez , and Dylan Mills . The song is a Latin pop and merengue track that lyrically describes Shakira 's eccentric infatuation with a man . In August 2014 , a senior US district judge found `` Loca '' to have been indirectly plagiarised from `` Loca con su Tiguere '' , a mid-1990s song composed by Dominican songwriter Ramon `` Arias '' Vasquez . The case was dismissed in August 2015 after it was found that Vasquez had fabricated the evidence he had presented in court . Upon its release , `` Loca '' received generally favourable reviews from music critics , who complimented the inclusion of merengue music on the recording . The English version of the song became a worldwide commercial success and peaked inside the top five of the record charts of countries including Austria , Belgium , France , Hungary and Italy . The Spanish version peaked atop the charts of Spain and Switzerland , and became a hit on the Latin record charts in the United States , topping the Billboard Hot Latin Songs , Latin Pop Airplay , and Tropical Songs charts . `` Loca '' received record certifications in various countries around the world , including a diamond certification in Colombia and multi-platinum certifications in Italy , Mexico , and Spain . Its accompanying music video was filmed in Barcelona , Spain in August 2010 , and was released the following month . It features Shakira interacting with a beach crowd , and dancing in front of the sea wearing a golden bikini . It generated a favourable response from critics , many of whom praised its concept for matching the vibe of the song . For additional promotion , Shakira performed `` Loca '' on several television shows and on her The Sun Comes Out World Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "310186e506601f761fa609448a8613ef", "text": "Deliria Deliria : Faerie Tales for a New Millennium is an `` interactive urban fantasy setting '' created by Phil Brucato . The title refers to an altered state of awareness in which several levels of reality can be perceived at once , to both good and ill effect . The core concept behind Deliria is one of `` ordinary people in an extraordinary world . '' Inspired by classical fairy tales and urban fantasy , the setting presents a multicultural world in which magic is always present but often invisible . To `` twilight people '' who encounter the magical realm , the world becomes a frightening yet wonderful place . Meanwhile , the immortal faeries , or aelderfolk , regard mortal humanity with a mixture of awe and terror . The accelerating pace of human imagination reverberates through both worlds , bringing changes that many aelders fear . Within the tensions of this setting , ordinary people become heroes - or villains - in their own new fairy tales . Inspired by authors like Charles de Lint , Erik Davis and Francesca Lia Block , films like Edward ScissorHands and Practical Magic , world music and ethereal wave music , and TV shows like Buffy the Vampire Slayer , Deliria 's setting emphasizes `` normal people '' over superheroes . As a role-playing game , it features a flexible rules system , collaborative storytelling , and a character-crafting process based on telling stories about the character . Deliria has also been noted for its vivid digital art , evocative short stories , and emphasis of `` courage rather than carnage . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33a9611aaceab1f5fc79bb06b9e72b42", "text": "Heavy metal lyrics Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal music bands , groups and artists . Given that there are many genres of heavy metal , it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes . In 1989 , two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate `` on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented '' in any form of popular music . Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are `` overwhelmingly dominated '' by `` ugly and unhappy '' themes which express `` no hope '' for the future . Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories : the Dionysian theme ( a reference to the Roman God of wine ) , which celebrates `` sex , drugs and rock and roll '' , partying , and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme , which involves dark subjects such as Hell , injustice , mayhem , carnage and death . Not all metal genres fall into Weinstein 's two theme model ; for example power metal 's lyrical themes often focus on fantasy and mythology , camaraderie and hope , personal struggles and emotions , among other themes . Another exception is pop metal bands , which replaced `` gloom and doom '' themes with `` positive , upbeat '' songs about romantic love and relationships , part of their goal of appealing more to female listeners . In metal overall , the small number of metal songs about relationships are typically about unions that have `` gone sour '' long ago . The thematic content of heavy metal lyrics has long been a target of criticism . According to Jon Pareles , `` Heavy metal 's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal . With grunts , moans and subliterary lyrics , it celebrates ... a party without limits ... -LSB- T -RSB- he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic . '' Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal , and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult . During the 1980s , the Parents Music Resource Center ( PMRC ) petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics , particularly those in heavy metal songs . The PMRC used music professor Joe Stuessy to testify against metal . Professor Stuessy alleged that heavy metal songs focus on violence , substance abuse , perversion , S&M , and Satanism . Robert Walser analyzed 88 metal songs ' themes to determine if Professor Stuessy 's claims were valid . In Walser 's analysis , the dominant theme in the metal songs was `` longing for intensity '' ; he found that the negative themes described by Stuessy and the PMRC were uncommon . Jeffrey Arnett analysed the lyrics from 115 metal songs : he found that the top three messages were `` grim ... themes '' about violence , angst and protest . Metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in courtrooms . In 1985 , Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider was asked to defend his song Under the Blade at a U.S. Senate hearing . In 1986 , Ozzy Osbourne was sued because of the lyrics of his song Suicide Solution . In 1990 , Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier , allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement `` do it '' in a Priest song . While the case attracted a great deal of media attention , it was ultimately dismissed . In some predominantly Muslim countries , heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values . In countries such as Morocco , Egypt , Lebanon , and Malaysia , there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4679337a4f43b2c4ad75da2046adfc3b", "text": "Madrigal (poetry) Madrigal ( madrigale ) is the name of a form of poetry , the exact nature of which has never been decided in English . The definition given in the New English Dictionary , `` a short lyrical poem of amatory character , '' offers no distinctive formula ; some madrigals are long , and many have nothing whatever to do with love . The most important English collection of madrigals , not set to music , was published by William Drummond of Hawthornden ( 1585 -- 1649 ) in his Poems of 1616 . Perhaps the best way of ascertaining what was looked upon in the 17th century as a madrigal is to quote one of Drummond 's : The beauty and the life Of life 's and beauty 's fairest paragon , O tears ! O grief ! hung at a feeble thread , To which pale Atropos had set her knife ; The soul with many a groan Had left each outward part , And now did take his last leave of the heart ; Nought else did want , save death , even to be dead ; When the afflicted band about her bed , Seeing so fair him come in lips , cheeks , eyes , Cried ah ! and can death enter Paradise ? This may be taken as a type of Drummond 's madrigals , of which he has left us about eighty . They are serious , brief , irregular lyrics , in which neither the amatory nor the complimentary tone is by any means obligatory . Some of these pieces contain as few as six lines , one as many as fourteen , but they average from nine to eleven . In the majority of examples the little poem opens with a line of six syllables , and no line extends beyond ten syllables . The madrigal appears to be a short canzone of the Tuscan type , but less rigidly constructed . In French the madrigal has not this Italian character . It is simply a short piece of verse , ingenious in its turn and of a gallant tendency . The idea of compliment is essential . J. F. Guichard ( 1730 -- 1811 ) writes : `` Orgon , poke marital , A Venus compare sa femme ; C'est pour la belle un madrigal , C'est pour Venus une epigramme . '' This quatrain emphasizes the fact that in French a madrigal is a trifling piece of erotic compliment , neatly turned but not seriously meant . The credit of inventing the old French verse form of madrigal belongs to Clément Marot , and one of his may be quoted in contrast to that of Drummond : Un doux nenni avec un doux sourire Est tant honneste , it le vous faut apprendre ; Quant est de oui , si veniez a le dire , D'avoir trop dit je voudrois vous reprendre ; Non que je sois ennuye d'entreprendre D'avoir le fruit dont le desir me point ; Mais je voudrois qu'en ne le laissant prendre , Vous me disiez : vous ne l'aurez point . In English , when the word first occurred -- it has not been traced farther back than 1588 ( in the preface to Nicholas Yonge 's Musica transalpina ) -- it was identified with the chief form of secular vocal music in the 16th century . In 1741 , John Immyns ( 1700 -- 1764 ) founded the Madrigal Society , which met in an ale-house in Bride Lane , Fleet Street ; this association still exists , and is the oldest musical society in Europe . The word `` madrigal '' is frequently also used to designate a sentimental or trifling expression in a half-contemptuous sense .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c21baa4f88adfc74d903857a22db551e", "text": "Hurt (Christina Aguilera song) `` Hurt '' is the second single from American singer Christina Aguilera 's fifth studio album , Back to Basics . It was serviced to US contemporary hit radio stations on September 19 , 2006 and was released for purchase in November . Written by Aguilera , Linda Perry , and Mark Ronson , and produced by Perry , the song describes how the protagonist deals with the loss of a loved one and was inspired by the death of Perry 's father . `` Hurt '' received mixed to positive reviews from music critics , who praised her vocals but were ambivalent towards its production . The song peaked at number 19 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . According to Nielsen SoundScan , the single has sold over 1.1 million copies in the United States . It was a top-ten hit in Europe and Oceania , entering the top ten of record charts in countries including Austria , Belgium , France , and Germany . A music video the song was directed by Floria Sigismondi and co-directed by Aguilera . It depicts Aguilera as a 1940s circus star who suffers from her father 's death . It won two MVPA Awards for Best Video and Best Direction of a Female Artist in 2007 , and was nominated for a Juno Award for Video of the Year . Aguilera has performed the song live on a number of occasions , including at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards and on Saturday Night Live . The track was included on the setlist of Aguilera 's Back to Basics Tour in 2006 and 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2954954da2ea423a251aadee97729101", "text": "La La Means I Love You (album) La La Means I Love You is the 1968 debut album by American R&B / Soul vocal group The Delfonics , released on May 14 , 1968 on the Philly Groove label . The album was produced by Thom Bell and consists of a mixture of original songs written by Bell and lead singer William Hart , and cover versions of already well-known songs . The celebrated title track was a # 4 pop hit , and `` I 'm Sorry '' and `` Break Your Promise '' also charted . With its lush , smooth orchestral sound and production , La La Means I Love You is now considered a classic soul album and one of the most important and influential records in the development of the nascent Philadelphia soul sound which would come to dominate the commercial soul music market in the early and mid -- 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "defa61efb12976861a4074d827895caa", "text": "Turbulent Indigo Turbulent Indigo is the fifteenth album by Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell . Released in 1994 , it won a Grammy Award for Pop Album of the Year . John Milward , writing for Rolling Stone , wrote that it was Mitchell 's `` best album since the mid - '70s '' . The album marked her return to Warner Music ( formerly WEA ) distribution after her previous album , Night Ride Home , was distributed by MCA for its then-newly purchased subsidiary Geffen Records ( which , prior to the sale to MCA , had distributed through WEA ) . The album takes inspiration from the Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh for Mitchell 's self-portrait on the cover . The song `` Turbulent Indigo '' references Van Gogh , while the song `` Magdalene Laundries '' recounts the sufferings of Irish women once consigned to Magdalen Asylums run by the Roman Catholic Church and made to work in the asylum 's laundries . The song `` Not to Blame '' was rumored to be about Mitchell 's singer-songwriting colleague Jackson Browne who was alleged to have beaten his girlfriend , actress Daryl Hannah ; Mitchell denies this . . The song `` Sex Kills '' referenced a number of late 20th century topical issues , including violence , AIDS , global warming and consumerism . , the album has sold 311,000 copies in the US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "876eb5f535ebff2b262a215a20d8a9f6", "text": "Secrets of Astrology Secrets of Astrology , released in 2000 , is the fifth album , but the fourth studio recorded album , by symphonic rock vocalist , Lana Lane . Though this album is Lane 's fifth album release in the US , it is her eighth in Japan . The album was recorded in the Netherlands and in Los Angeles and mixed in the Netherlands by Oscar Holleman . Mastering was executed at Abbey Road Studios in London . The album contains 13 songs , whereas the 13th track is listed as a bonus track . In the North American and Japanese releases of Secrets of Astrology , the bonus track is a song entitled , `` Romeo and Juliet '' , a song Lane had recorded during the recording sessions for this album . In the European release of Secrets of Astrology , the bonus track is a song entitled , `` Rhapsody '' , a song that Lane had recorded during the recording sessions for her 1998 album , Queen of the Ocean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef1d3a98c81d39e94e9dc68e77c61b59", "text": "Genre Genre ( -LSB- ˈʒɒ̃rə -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʒɒnrə -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdʒɒnrə -RSB- from French genre -LSB- ʒɑ̃ʁ -RSB- , `` kind '' or `` sort '' , from Latin genus ( stem gener - ) , Greek γένος , génos ) is any form or type of communication in any mode ( written , spoken , digital , artistic , etc. ) with socially-agreed upon conventions developed over time . Genre is most popularly known as a category of literature , music , or other forms of art or entertainment , whether written or spoken , audio or visual , based on some set of stylistic criteria , yet genres can be aesthetic , rhetorical , communicative , or functional . Genres form by conventions that change over time as new genres are invented and the use of old ones is discontinued . Often , works fit into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions . Stand alone texts , works , or pieces of communication may have individual styles , but genres are amalgams of these texts based on agreed upon or socially inferred conventions . Some genres may be rigid with strictly adhered to guidelines while others may be very flexible . Genre began as an absolute classification system for ancient Greek literature . Poetry , prose , and performance each had a specific and calculated style that related to the theme of the story . Speech patterns for comedy would not be appropriate for tragedy , and even actors were restricted to their genre under the assumption that a type of person could tell one type of story best . In later periods genres proliferated and developed in response to changes in audiences and creators . Genre became a dynamic tool to help the public make sense out of unpredictable art . Because art is often a response to a social state , in that people write/paint/sing / dance about what they know about , the use of genre as a tool must be able to adapt to changing meanings . Genre suffers from the same ills of any classification system . Genre is to be reassessed and scrutinized and to weigh works on their unique merit . It has been suggested that genres resonate with people because of the familiarity , the shorthand communication , as well as the tendency of genres to shift with public mores and to reflect the zeitgeist . While the genre of storytelling has been relegated as lesser form of art because of the heavily borrowed nature of the conventions , admiration has grown . Proponents argue that the genius of an effective genre piece is in the variation , recombination , and evolution of the codes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bad99fbdb352d353160dbd87a7cffd8", "text": "Tragic Lovers Tragic Lovers is a classical music album by the Oregon Symphony under the artistic direction of James DePreist , released by the record label Delos in 2008 . It contains three works inspired by tragic love stories in literature : Richard Wagner 's Prelude and `` Liebestod '' from Tristan and Isolde ( 1865 ) , Hector Berlioz 's `` Love Scene '' from Roméo et Juliette , Op. 17 , and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's Romeo and Juliet . Amelia Haygood and Carol Rosenberger served as executive producers of the album ; the recording producers were Michael Fine and Adam Stern . The album 's creation was financially supported by the Gretchen Brooks Recording Fund , which supported two recording sessions per year for each of DePreist 's final five years as music director . Tragic Lovers was the orchestra 's final recording with DePreist -- who left the Oregon Symphony in April 2003 -- as conductor and its final contribution to Delos 's `` Virtual Reality Recording '' series . Compositions from the album have been broadcast on several stations , including Public Radio Exchange , WDAV , New England Public Radio ( WFCR ) and Northwest Public Radio . WFCR broadcast the Tchaikovsky recording in November 2011 in recognition of DePreist 's 75th birthday , and the Berlioz track in February 2013 , following DePreist 's death . The Classical Music Sentinel published a positive review of the album , comparing it to a three-movement symphony .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0a70ae56fdd111036d7c7c3db8e98f0d	Dirt was produced by ABC studios.	[ { "docid": "4d6b760102054f5146ed972a1eea627c", "text": "Dirt (TV series) Dirt ( styled d!rt for logos ) is an American television serial broadcast on the FX network . It premiered on January 2 , 2007 and starred Courteney Cox as Lucy Spiller , the editor-in-chief of the first-of-its-kind `` glossy tabloid '' magazine DirtNow , which was previously two separate publications : dirt ( a tabloid ) and Now ( a glossy magazine with a more respectable reputation ) . A 13-episode second and final season was announced on May 8 , 2007 . Only seven episodes were produced prior to the 2007 WGA strike shut down production . The shortened second season began airing on March 2 , 2008 . The show was created by Matthew Carnahan and produced by Coquette Productions and ABC Studios . On June 8 , 2008 , FX canceled the series after two seasons .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9af2d8bcaa84652f6a294ee380c253a2", "text": "Tombstone Territory Tombstone Territory is an American Western series starring Pat Conway and Richard Eastham . The series ' first two seasons aired on ABC from 1957 to 1959 . The first season was sponsored by Bristol-Myers ( Consumer Products ) and the second season by Lipton ( Tea/Soup ) and Philip Morris ( Marlboro Cigarettes ) . The third and final season aired in syndication from 1959 until 1960 . The program was produced by Ziv Television , the company responsible for other 1950s hit TV series such as first-run syndicated Sea Hunt and Highway Patrol and NBC 's Bat Masterson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aca613303929b3b0190c1215bc1bb9b0", "text": "Garry A. Brown (producer) Garry A. Brown is an American television producer and director . He is known for his work on Foxs Prison Break ; and for the ABC adventure series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e83b528fcf53ff8263ea3c6f2680cb92", "text": "ABCs (song) ABCs is the first official single by rapper K'naan on his album Troubadour . It also features rapper Chubb Rock and is produced by A&M / Octone Records . The song was also featured on the soundtrack for the video game Madden 09 and in both the film and the trailer for The Trotsky . The song can be heard in the 2010 film Step Up 3D . It samples Chubb Rock 's `` Treat 'Em Right '' and Mulatu Astatke 's `` Kasalefkut hulu . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac21342197e686cc8393b9501873db47", "text": "The Baseball Network The Baseball Network was a short-lived television broadcasting joint venture between ABC , NBC and Major League Baseball . Under the arrangement , beginning in the 1994 season , the league produced its own in-house telecasts of games , which were then brokered to air on ABC and NBC . This was perhaps most evident by the copyright beds shown at the end of the telecasts , which stated `` The proceeding program has been paid for by the office of The Commissioner of Baseball '' . The Baseball Network was the first television network in the United States to be owned by a professional sports league . The package included coverage of games in primetime on selected nights throughout the regular season ( under the branding Baseball Night in America ) , along with coverage of the postseason and the World Series . Unlike previous broadcasting arrangements with the league , there was no national `` game of the week '' during the regular season ; these would be replaced by multiple weekly regional telecasts on certain nights of the week . Additionally , The Baseball Network had exclusive coverage windows ; no other broadcaster could televise MLB games during the same night that The Baseball Network was televising games . The arrangement did not last long ; due to the effects of a players ' strike on the remainder of the 1994 season , and poor reception from fans and critics over how the coverage was implemented , The Baseball Network would be disbanded after the 1995 season . While NBC would maintain rights to certain games , the growing Fox network became the league 's new national broadcast partner beginning in 1996 , with its then-parent company News Corporation eventually purchasing the Los Angeles Dodgers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "835bde825a67d8ca60da04079aa6bec6", "text": "Teenage Dirtbag `` Teenage Dirtbag '' is a song and debut single by American pop rock group Wheatus . It was released in July 2000 as the lead single from their eponymous debut album . The song was written by lead singer Brendan B. Brown and was inspired by a childhood experience of his . The song was massively successful in Australia , spending four weeks at number 1 , being certified 3 × Platinum and becoming the second best-selling single of the year . It also reached number 2 in Ireland , Germany and the United Kingdom , where it was certified Platinum in 2013 . It has sold 5 million copies worldwide as of 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20a17d18cebda9ab0edf52b41e4139ee", "text": "Toughest Cowboy Toughest Cowboy is an American rodeo competition-based reality television program that follows twelve professional cowboys as they compete in three roughstock rodeo events -- bareback bronc riding , saddle bronc riding , and bull riding in effort to win the Toughest Cowboy championship and the grand prize of a ranch in the American West . Originally created by Jac Sperling and Tommy Joe Lucia , Toughest Cowboy is a combination of athletic competition and personal retrospectives creating a new genre of television , known as `` sports drama . '' The first broadcast aired April 8 , 2007 on the Fox Sports Network ( FSN ) . In 2009 , Mark Burnett signed on to produce the series for Spike TV . Whiskey Falls composed the theme song . The show follows a group of twelve professional rodeo cowboys through a series of live rodeo tournaments in which they must ride three different disciplines , whereas in most rodeo competitions , competitors ride in one specific discipline or event . This all-around competition adds a significantly higher likelihood of injury . Each week a competitor is eliminated from the competition , until the final four competitors remain . These four final cowboys must ride a total of six animals each ( two bareback broncs , two saddle broncs , two bulls ) during the championship tournament . Throughout the championship round each competitor amasses total ride points , the cowboy with the most total points at the conclusion of the finals is awarded the series championship and grand prize ranch . Toughest Cowboy also uses a modified point system based on the standard 8-second qualified ride from traditional rodeo . Rather than scoring a `` 0 '' for any ride shorted than eight seconds , Toughest Cowboy competitors are delivered penalty points for the 1/10 of seconds they are short of the full ride mark . Each 1/10 of a second is equal to 1 point . This eliminates the chance of a 0-0 tie between competitors . In addition to the athletic competition , the broadcast include segments outside of the rodeo arena . These segments give background on the competitor 's lives , most of which include visits to their homes . There are also interviews conducted during the live competition to provide an inside look at the cowboys thoughts during the tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0a08e3fdc857ffe657147d2ec19b4ba", "text": "ABC Rocks ABC Rocks is an American music video show broadcast on ABC from June 22 , 1984 to August 2 , 1985 . The thirty-minute show aired on Friday nights at midnight and featured popular rock videos by artists such as Prince , Billy Idol and David Bowie . It is notable as ABC 's attempt to produce a show comparable to cable 's MTV and NBC 's Friday Night Videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c817d7685778427d0e0fd7feed69de3a", "text": "Red Dirt Radio Red Dirt Radio is a radio station that broadcasts to the Childers , Queensland community on the frequency of 88.0 MHz . Red Dirt Radio is a narrow-bandwidth radio station with a signal range of 5 km . The station is fully automated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1e4a64da787d9c7f851963bef2411d2", "text": "Disney–ABC Domestic Television Disney -- ABC Domestic Television , also operating as ABC Syndication ( formerly known as Buena Vista Television and also known as Disney Domestic Television and Disney-ABC Home Entertainment and Television Distribution ) , is the in-home sales and content distribution firm of the Disney -- ABC Television Group , a division of The Walt Disney Company . Content distribution responsibilities include domestic television syndication , domestic pay TV , Internet and cable video-on-demand ( VOD ) , and pay-per-view outlets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0f43aedc3f5d24d5efb6e772f8d1228", "text": "Desolation Angels (album) Desolation Angels is the fifth studio album by hard rock band Bad Company . The album was released on March 17 , 1979 . Paul Rodgers revealed on In the Studio with Redbeard ( which devoted an episode to Desolation Angels ) that the album 's title came from the novel of the same name by Jack Kerouac . Desolation Angels was recorded at Ridge Farm Studios in Surrey , England in late 1978 . It is considered the last strong album by Bad Company , With the original lineup mostly because it contains their last major hit , `` Rock 'n' Roll Fantasy , '' written by Paul Rodgers and inspired by a guitar synthesizer riff that Rodgers had come up with . `` Gone , Gone , Gone '' , written by bassist Boz Burrell , also received substantial airplay on rock stations . It was the first of only three songs he ever wrote for the band , but is widely revered as one of the band 's finest compositions . The album reached No. 3 on the Billboard album charts in 1979 and went Platinum in 1979 and Double Platinum subsequently . A cover version of `` Oh , Atlanta '' , written by Mick Ralphs , was recorded by Alison Krauss and appears on her 1995 album Now That I 've Found You : A Collection . The original version was used in the open to The Nashville Network 's 1993 broadcast of the Motorcraft 500 when ABC ( which originally had the broadcast ) could not find time to air the race , postponed six days by a snowstorm in the Atlanta Motor Speedway . The album was remastered and re-released in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc57290990600279fbe9aab4688b9047", "text": "The House That Dirt Built The House That Dirt Built is the second studio album by English rock band The Heavy . It was released on 13 October 2009 . The title is a reference to the nursery rhyme This Is the House That Jack Built . Vocalist Kevin Swalby explained in an interview with Songfacts that the song `` Sixteen '' was inspired by a time when he was working a lot as a DJ and he would see 16-year-old kids sneaking into clubs . The album 's songs were used for several video games and films ; `` Short Change Hero '' was featured in the promo for the first season of Haven , the 2010 movie Faster , the trailer for the 2011 video game Batman : Arkham City , later opened the 2012 video game Borderlands 2 , and the promo for Season 2 of Longmire . It is also the opening theme of the Sky1 television series Strike Back and was included in the 2011 racing video game Driver : San Francisco ( along with two other songs from the band ) as well as the Season 2 finale of Suits . The song `` How You Like Me Now ? '' was featured at the beginning and end of the 2010 film The Fighter , in the Season 3 finale of Suits , in the trailer for the 2012 film Ted , during the closing credits for Horrible Bosses , the closing credits for Borderlands 2 , and then again in a TV spot for the 2013 animated film , Turbo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a8af8e45b68f7334d67b264f03fdb2c", "text": "List of The Middle episodes The Middle is a primetime American comedy series created by DeAnn Heline and Eileen Heisler for the ABC network . The Middle stars Patricia Heaton and Neil Flynn as Frankie and Mike Heck , a used-car saleswoman and the manager of a small mining firm respectively , who struggle to raise their children in the fictional middle-class town of Orson , Indiana . Their three children include the athletic but underachieving , slow-witted Axl ( Charlie McDermott ) , cluelessly unpopular daughter Sue ( Eden Sher ) , and frustrated , odd child-genius Brick ( Atticus Shaffer ) . The Hecks find themselves embroiled in somewhat unusual events as they attempt to navigate their day-to-day lives . The series was met with a positive reception from television critics when it premiered on September 30 , 2009 , with a score of 70 on the aggregated reviews website Metacritic . On March 3 , 2016 , ABC renewed the series for an eighth season . On January 25 , 2017 , ABC renewed the series for a ninth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72dd7e6210e8514eb2e1f0b0b100f738", "text": "List of former DuMont Television Network affiliates This is a partial list of affiliate stations of the DuMont Television Network , which operated in the United States from 1946 to 1956 . At its peak in 1954 , DuMont was affiliated with around 200 TV stations . In its later years , DuMont was carried mostly on poorly watched UHF channels or had only secondary affiliations on VHF stations . The DuMont affiliation ending dates listed here are somewhat tentative in several cases ; DuMont ended most operations on April 1 , 1955 , and honored network commitments until August 1956 . Many stations in the early years of television affiliated with more than one network . There were not enough local stations in most cities for each of the four major networks to have an affiliate , leading to the four networks ( as well as a number of smaller networks ) to fight for air time . Local TV stations were free to `` cherry-pick '' which programs they would broadcast . Many of DuMont 's `` affiliates '' carried very little DuMont programming , choosing to air one or two more popular programs ( such as Life Is Worth Living , which was aired by 169 stations during the 1953 -- 1954 season ) and/or sports programming on the weekends . Few stations carried the full DuMont program line-up . DuMont 's advertising revenues depended on being able to be viewed nationwide . As a result , the company made affiliation agreements which have been described as `` a crazy patchwork of deals '' . In many cities , DuMont was affiliated with more than one TV station in order to get more of its programming cleared for broadcast . No definitive list of affiliated stations from 1946 to 1956 exists , and many sources contradict one another . DuMont 's owned-and-operated stations are highlighted in yellow . The Paramount owned-and-operated stations , which did n't carry DuMont programs but were ruled DuMont O&O s by the FCC , are shown in pink .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82bec92ef171a33eb45f217c81fd573f", "text": "ABC News ABC News is the news division of the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) , owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company . Its flagship program is the daily evening newscast ABC World News Tonight ; other programs include morning news-talk show Good Morning America , newsmagazine series Nightline , Primetime and 20/20 , and Sunday morning political affairs program This Week with George Stephanopolous .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e3639c3e42780be8086e7be1445c26f", "text": "ABC Board The ABC Board is the body responsible for the operations of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation . It is made up of five to seven directors chosen by the Australian government and a Managing Director who is appointed by the Board itself . At various times , ABC staff have been granted rights to elect a nominee for appointment to the Board ; and as of April 2013 staff elected a nominee-director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5cdcf6dd2b9b695e290d5be8515e9a6", "text": "Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . '' The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57d3043c4cf337517a70335c4629b0db", "text": "Cowboys, Sisters, Rascals & Dirt Cowboys , Sisters , Rascals & Dirt is an album by Waylon Jennings , released in 1993 through RCA Nashville and Ode 2 Kids Records . A concept album , it features Jennings singing compositions intended for children . All but one of the tracks on the record were written by the singer himself . The final song is dedicated to Jennings ' son , Shooter . While a music video for `` Cowboy Movies '' was filmed , the album itself did not chart . The album was produced by Cliff `` Barny '' Robertson , whose daughters , Becky , Emily and Joanna , sing backing vocals on it . In the mid-2000s , the daughters founded a group called Carter 's Chord .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f60800d313e0d8cb751207c68a350ae", "text": "Dirt track racing in the United States Dirt track racing is the single most common form of auto racing in the United States . According to the National Speedway Directory there are over 700 dirt oval tracks in operation in the United States . The composition of the dirt on tracks has an effect on the amount of grip available . On many tracks people will find clay is used with a specific mixture of dirt . Tracks are sometimes banked in the turns and on the straights . This banking is utilized primarily to allow vehicles to carry more speed through the corners . However , some tracks prefer less banked turns . Each track surface will most often be different in one way or another . The Wall Street Journal noted that the success of local dirt track racing is a good economic indicator . Small businesses sponsor local grass-roots racing as part of their marketing budget . Many of the fans in the grandstands attend to support relatives and they consider the costs of attending the races to be modest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8255e8161ec9033b653ed5308e84988", "text": "Schoolhouse Rock! Schoolhouse Rock ! is an American interstitial programming series of animated musical educational short films ( and later , videos ) that aired during the Saturday morning children 's programming on the U.S. television network ABC . The topics covered included grammar , science , economics , history , mathematics , and civics . The series ' original run lasted from 1973 to 1985 ; it was later revived with both old and new episodes airing from 1993 to 1999 . Additional episodes were produced in 2009 for direct-to-video release .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b1a4401656355ba443084450f27c7023	Beauty and the Beast was directed by Bill Condon in 2017.	[ { "docid": "e776e7158d305370025036c5c5ca40db", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay written by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos , and co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films . The film is based on Disney 's 1991 animated film of the same name , itself an adaptation of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont 's eighteenth-century fairy tale . The film features an ensemble cast that includes Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the titular characters with Luke Evans , Kevin Kline , Josh Gad , Ewan McGregor , Stanley Tucci , Audra McDonald , Gugu Mbatha-Raw , Nathan Mack , Ian McKellen and Emma Thompson in supporting roles . Principal photography began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey , England on May 18 , 2015 , and ended on August 21 . Beauty and the Beast premiered on February 23 , 2017 , at Spencer House in London and was released in the United States on March 17 , 2017 , in the standard , Disney Digital 3-D , RealD 3D , IMAX and IMAX 3D formats along with Dolby Cinema . The film received positive reviews from critics and audiences , with many praising Watson 's performance and has grossed over $ 1.2 billion worldwide , making it the highest-grossing film of 2017 and the 10th highest-grossing film of all time .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4b6a92a443554100438ae6443ebff27a", "text": "The Beast (1974 film) The Beast ( Il bestione ) is an Italian comedy directed by Sergio Corbucci and stars Gabriella Giorgelli , Michel Constantin and Giancarlo Giannini .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d317c4f185484644724387835f71e3e6", "text": "Lino DiSalvo Lino DiSalvo , is an American animator and film director . In February 2016 , Lino signed on to develop and direct the upcoming Playmobil movie . The animated feature will be produced by ON Animation , known for The Little Prince , and is set to release at the end of 2018 . Previously , he is known for serving as Head of Animation on Academy Award for Best Animated Feature winning film Frozen . DiSalvo graduated from Vancouver Film School and immediately began working for Walt Disney Animation Studios at the age of 23 . Before Frozen , Lino worked as an animator on films like Meet the Robinsons , Chicken Little , and as an animating supervisor on feature films , Bolt and Tangled , where he was most involved in the animating of character Flynn Rider . After 16 years at Disney , DiSalvo was tapped by Paramount Animation as its Creative Director and director of a new animated feature film . DiSalvo , born in Brooklyn , New York considers himself an aficionado of Jim Henson 's Muppets . He was first inspired to pursue animation after seeing The Lion King on the big screen in 1994 . He now lives in Los Angeles with his wife , Rosanna , and their son Everett .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2740b8a2633ed8f5b140f4fcbb9d98ef", "text": "Ric Menello Richard `` Ric '' Menello ( August 20 , 1952March 1 , 2013 ) was an American filmmaker and screenwriter . Menello co-directed the landmark music video for the Beastie Boys ' 1987 single , '' ( You Got ta ) Fight for Your Right ( To Party ! ) '' . His contributions to music during the era led MTV to call him , `` one of the most influential visionaries behind the emergence of commercial hip-hop in the 1980s . '' Menello 's screenwriting credits included the 1988 Run -- D.M.C. film , Tougher Than Leather , directed by Rick Rubin ; the 2008 film , Two Lovers , starring Gwyneth Paltrow and Joaquin Phoenix ; and the 2013 film , The Immigrant , which stars Joaquin Phoenix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c528e91c6d58127c0f4f5fb91fbe7182", "text": "Gilbert (film) Gilbert is a 2017 documentary film about the life and career of comedian Gilbert Gottfried . It premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 20 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b9809a88b9153e23fe80bcbe85d6747", "text": "World of Wonder (production company) World of Wonder Productions is a production company founded in 1991 by filmmakers Fenton Bailey and Randy Barbato . Based in Los Angeles , California , the company produces reality and documentary television programs , feature films , and new media . Their documentary films include Mapplethorpe : Look at the Pictures ( 2016 ) , Inside Deep Throat ( 2005 ) , The Eyes of Tammy Faye ( 2000 ) , Party Monster ( 1998 ) , Monica in Black and White , Heidi Fleiss : The Would-be Madam of Crystal , and I Am Britney Jean . Among the company 's television productions are RuPaul 's Drag Race , the Million Dollar Listing series , Big Freedia ( Fuse ) , and Island Hunters . The duo have produced programming for HBO , Showtime , Logo , VH1 , IFC , Discovery , OWN , TLC , E! , HGTV , PBS , and Channel 4 . Their company blog , The WOW Report , was named Best Counter Culture Blog by LA Weekly . In 2014 , Bailey and Barbato were honored with the IDA Pioneer Award , `` celebrating exceptional achievement , leadership , and vision in the nonfiction and documentary community '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9a37ff337057938d0141ba585d899b3", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (1994 video game) Beauty and the Beast is an action platformer developed by Probe Software and published by Hudson Soft for the NES . It was released in Europe in 1994 . Gaston , logically , is the final boss of the game because he wants to kill the Beast and marry Belle . The game was scheluded for a North American release , however for unknown reasons , it was never released . Prototype ( s ) of it exist , however it has been not dumped . The game is not playable on a North American console , because the VBlank refresh period was hardcoded to 50 Hz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d225dc315258d25b16334c717f86aa8", "text": "Wakefield (film) Wakefield is a 2016 American drama film directed and written by Robin Swicord , based on the short story of same name by E. L. Doctorow . The film stars Bryan Cranston and Jennifer Garner . Principal photography began on November 30 , 2015 , in Pasadena , California . The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2 , 2016 . It was released in a limited release on May 19 , 2017 , before being released through video on demand on May 26 , 2017 , by IFC Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d59c3efbd6f685031a116a9159aaa0d1", "text": "The Bride and the Beast (film) The Bride and the Beast is a 1958 American horror film directed by Adrian Weiss and co-written by Edward D. Wood Jr. and Adrian Weiss . This film was produced by Adrian Weiss . The film has music composed by Les Baxter . The original working title was Queen of the Gorillas . Bride and the Beast was theatrically released in 1958 on a double bill with The Beast of Budapest ( 1958 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4b022b9eaa67d7cd6194faef9ea4a5d", "text": "Panna a netvor Beauty and the Beast is a Czech horror film directed by Slovak film director Juraj Herz in 1978 . The film is a re-telling of the classic tale Beauty and the Beast . The picture is notable for its pervasive atmosphere of dread and the innovative decision to depict the beast as a bird-like creature . For his direction , Herz received the Medalla Sitges en Oro de Ley at the Sitges Film Festival in 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "383f683414572849c927d55424f578ff", "text": "Beverly Hills Film Festival The Beverly Hills Film Festival ( BHFF ) is a film festival in the United States founded in 2001 by independent filmmaker Nino Simone . The festival is an international competition dedicated to showcasing the art and talent of emerging filmmakers and screenplay writers from around the world . The festival lasts five days and is reportedly attended by more than 20,000 people a year . Venues include the AMPAS , Writers Guild , Chinese Theater and The Clarity Theatre . The festival winds up with the black tie awards ceremony . In 2013 the festival was launched internationally with an event in Tokyo . The BHFF emphasizes awards to first-time filmmakers . On the final night of the Festival , the jury ( usually made up of film professionals from all over the globe ) presents its awards , including the Golden Palm Award for best picture , at a black-tie gala at the Four Seasons Beverly Wilshire Hotel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "564dd2dbbf2b5c8bdf10b5ebcf47cd16", "text": "Allen Wolf Allen Wolf ( born October 29 , 1970 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , film producer , novelist , and board game creator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad52e1a831b954dae2b9b97d7f8fc469", "text": "American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption . Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity . Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script . Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e2146fb2bd60f9126bdc8d9e1cda351", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (1987 TV series) Beauty and the Beast is an American fantasy-drama series which first aired on CBS in 1987 . Creator Ron Koslow 's updated version of the fairy tale has a double focus : the relationship between Vincent ( Ron Perlman ) , a mythic , noble man-beast , and Catherine ( Linda Hamilton ) , a savvy Assistant District Attorney in New York ; and a secret Utopian community of social outcasts living in a subterranean sanctuary . Through an empathetic bond , Vincent senses Catherine 's emotions , and becomes her guardian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d7458c0cde8f1dc27b1e184ae16c8ae", "text": "Black Beauty (1971 film) Black Beauty is a 1971 British drama film , based on the Anna Sewell novel of the same name . This movie is the fourth feature film adaptation of Anna Sewell 's story . The movie was directed by James Hill . Lionel Bart provided the rousing score . The film 's cast includes Walter Slezak , Mark Lester , Uschi Glas , Patrick Mower and John Nettleton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41d7e4c7a15136a0e13788d9077b7341", "text": "Flesh for the Beast Flesh for the Beast is a 2003 fantasy-horror film directed and written by Terry M. West . The movie was released on September 27 , 2003 and surrounded a group of parapsychologists that investigate a haunted mansion and end up finding more than they intended . A graphic novel tie-in was released the following year through Media Blasters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ea2b79112a0a5c8a1f775dd72cbc60c", "text": "Peter Schneider (film executive) Peter Schneider is an American film and theatrical producer , notable as the first president of Walt Disney Feature Animation for The Walt Disney Company from 1985 to 1999 , and was responsible for helping to turn the feature animation department around and creating some of the most critically acclaimed and highest grossing animated features that Disney released . These films included Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ) , The Little Mermaid ( 1989 ) , Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 , the first animated feature to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture ) , Aladdin ( 1992 ) , and The Lion King ( 1994 , the highest domestic grossing animated film of all time until 2003 ) . Schneider also sealed the deal that created the highly successful partnership between Pixar and Disney . He was promoted to studio chief in 1999 . In 2001 , Schneider left Disney to form his own theater production company . His first major production , developed in association with Michael Reno , was Sister Act which opened at the London Palladium in 2009 . Peter graduated from Purdue University in 1972 with a theater degree . Along with producer Don Hahn , Schneider produced a documentary entitled Waking Sleeping Beauty in 2009 , which focused on the revival of Disney animation during the 1980s and early 1990s . Schneider is also a world champion bridge player , having won the World Transnational Open Teams Championship in 2005 . He possesses the title of World Bridge Federation ( WBF ) World Life Master ( WLM ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae087c1d8ab1c3a22fbaff2e1c287757", "text": "Mammal (film) Mammal is a 2016 internationally co-produced drama film directed by Rebecca Daly . It was shown in the World Cinema Dramatic Competition section at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91e3dbd45a6c1982fc93fa29603a4639", "text": "Bill Peet Bill Peet ( born William Bartlett Peed ; January 29 , 1915 -- May 11 , 2002 ) , was an American children 's book illustrator and a story writer for Disney Studios . He joined Disney in 1937 and worked first on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs ( 1937 ) near the end of its production . Progressively , his involvement in the Disney studio 's animated feature films and shorts increased , and he remained there until early in the development of The Jungle Book ( 1967 ) . A row with Disney over the direction of the project led to a permanent personal break . Other feature films that Peet worked on before he left include Pinocchio ( 1940 ) , Fantasia ( 1940 , The Pastoral Symphony sequence ) , Dumbo ( 1941 ) , The Three Caballeros ( 1944 ) , Song of the South ( 1946 , cartoon sequences ) , So Dear to My Heart ( 1948 , cartoon sequences ) , Cinderella ( 1950 ) , Alice in Wonderland ( 1951 ) , Peter Pan ( 1953 ) , Sleeping Beauty ( 1959 ) , 101 Dalmatians ( 1961 ) , The Sword in the Stone ( 1963 ) , and The Jungle Book ( 1967 ) . Peet 's subsequent career was a writer and illustrator of children 's books .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74e47255cdc858f93b6c54c9bfcbe9cb", "text": "LBJ (film) LBJ is a 2017 American political drama film directed by Rob Reiner and written by Joey Hartstone . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Richard Jenkins , Bill Pullman , Kim Allen , Michael Stahl-David , Jennifer Jason Leigh , Jeffrey Donovan , Doug McKeon , and Michael Mosley . Filming began on September 21 , 2015 in New Orleans . It was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival . On October 12 , 2016 at the 27th edition of the New Orleans Film Festival , Rob Reiner accepted the inaugural Career Achievement Award from LBJ lead actor Woody Harrelson . LBJ made a second film festival showing in less than a month . On May 2 , 2017 , it was announced that Dean Devlin 's Electric Entertainment had acquired all of the film 's North American rights and that the film would be released in 2017 . It was then announced on May 4 that the film would be released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd3765b9657299ab8589cf2b0eabed92", "text": "Catman (film) Catman is an upcoming South Korean-Chinese romantic-fantasy film directed by Park Hee-Gon and starring Wu Qian and Song Weilong . The movie is scheduled to be released in autumn of 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
bf295ae04584784e050eaa8e6426ba2d	Peyton Manning is the son of an NFL quarterback.	[ { "docid": "a1d4df2431d092112dc718ee3a816cb0", "text": "Peyton Manning Peyton Williams Manning ( born March 24 , 1976 ) is a former American football quarterback who played 18 seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) , primarily with the Indianapolis Colts . Considered to be one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time , he spent 14 seasons with the Colts and was a member of the Denver Broncos in his last four seasons . Manning played college football for the University of Tennessee , leading the Tennessee Volunteers to the 1997 SEC Championship in his senior season . He is the second son of former NFL quarterback Archie Manning and older brother of New York Giants quarterback Eli Manning . Manning was selected by the Indianapolis Colts as the first overall pick in the 1998 NFL Draft . From 1998 to 2010 , he improved the fortunes of the struggling Colts franchise and helped transform them into playoff contenders . During his tenure as starting quarterback , Manning led the team to eight division championships , two AFC championships , and one Super Bowl title , the franchise 's first in over three decades , as well as their first since relocating to Indianapolis . After undergoing neck surgery that forced him to miss the entire 2011 season , Manning was released by the Colts and signed with the Denver Broncos . Serving as the team 's starting quarterback from 2012 to 2015 , he contributed to the Broncos reaching the top of their division each year and his playing career concluded with a victory in Super Bowl 50 . Manning holds many NFL records , including passing yards ( 71,940 ) , touchdown passes ( 539 ) , AP MVP awards ( 5 ) , Pro Bowl appearances ( 14 ) , and 4,000-yard passing seasons ( 14 ) . A two-time Super Bowl winner and the most valuable player of Super Bowl XLI , Manning is also the only quarterback to start the Super Bowl for two different franchises more than once each and the only starting quarterback to win a Super Bowl with two different franchises . At 39 years of age , Manning is the oldest quarterback to start in and win a Super Bowl . Manning is also the only quarterback in NFL history to make the Super Bowl four times with four different head coaches ( Dungy , Caldwell , Fox , and Kubiak ) . During a 2009 Monday Night Football game , Manning received the nickname `` The Sheriff '' from color commentator Jon Gruden due to his tendency to audible prior to the snap , and he was one of the most recognizable and parodied players in the NFL . Teams led by Manning typically utilized the hurry-up offense in place of the standard huddle .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "18ed8645c536e2cb414576a04f2768b1", "text": "Rusty Hilger Rusty Hilger is a former professional National Football League American football player . He played quarterback eight seasons for the Los Angeles Raiders , Detroit Lions , Indianapolis Colts and Seattle Seahawks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80387cd03bb54a876958aa4b65ff66b3", "text": "History of the New England Patriots The history of the New England Patriots began when Boston business executive William `` Billy '' Sullivan and Sullivan Brother Printers , owned by Joseph Sullivan , were awarded the eighth and final franchise of the developing American Football League ( AFL ) on November 16 , 1959 . The following winter , locals submitted thousands of ideas for the Boston football team 's official name . On February 20 , 1960 , Sullivan chose `` Boston Patriots '' , which was suggested by 74 fans , among them Larry Kepnes . Immediately thereafter , artist Phil Bissell developed the `` Pat Patriot '' logo . The Patriots ' time in the AFL saw them without a regular home stadium . Nickerson Field , Harvard Stadium , Fenway Park , and Alumni Stadium , all in or near Boston , served as home fields during their time in the American Football League . Early Patriots stars included defensive tackles Jim Lee `` Earthquake '' Hunt and Houston Antwine ; quarterback Vito `` Babe '' Parilli ; and flanker-placekicker Gino `` The Duke '' Cappelletti . Hunt , Parilli and Cappelletti played every year of the existence of the AFL , with Hunt and Cappelletti spending all ten years with the Patriots . Cappelletti was the all-time leading scorer in the AFL . Later the Patriots were joined by such stars as defensive end Larry Eisenhauer , fullback Jim Nance , and middle linebacker and future Hall of Famer Nick Buoniconti . Cappelletti and Nance were AFL Most Valuable Players , Cappelletti in 1964 and Nance in 1966 . Buoniconti and Antwine were later named to the American Football League All-Time Team . The Boston Patriots defeated the Buffalo Bills in an AFL Eastern Division playoff game in 1963 , and played in the 1963 AFL championship game , losing to the San Diego Chargers 51 -- 10 . Although they would not appear again in an AFL or NFL post-season game for another 13 years , in the AFL , the Patriots often challenged the dominant Bills for the Eastern Division title . When the NFL and AFL merged in 1970 , the Patriots were placed in the AFC East division , where they still play today . The following year , the Patriots moved to a new stadium in Foxborough , Massachusetts , a suburb of Boston , which would serve as their home for 30 years ; the team also changed their name to the New England Patriots to reflect the location change , as well as its following throughout the region as its only NFL team ( though both New York City teams have substantial followings in parts of Connecticut as well ) . During the 1970s , the Patriots had some success , earning a berth to the playoffs in 1976 -- as a wild card-berth -- and in 1978 -- as AFC East champions . They would lose both games . In 1985 , they returned to the playoffs , and made it all the way to Super Bowl XX , which they lost against the Chicago Bears 46 -- 10 . Following their Super Bowl loss , they returned to the playoffs in 1986 , but lost in the first round . The team would not make the playoffs again for eight more years . They changed ownership several times in that period , being purchased from the Sullivan family first by Victor Kiam in 1988 , who sold the team to James Orthwein in 1992 . Orthwein intended to move the team to his native St. Louis , Missouri , but sold the team two years later to current owner , local businessman Robert Kraft in 1994 . Though Orthwein 's period as owner was short and controversial , he did oversee major changes to the team . Former New York Giants coach Bill Parcells was hired in 1993 , and the drastic changes were made the same year to the Patriots uniforms , changing their primary colors from their traditional red and white to blue and silver , and introducing a new logo . Parcells would bring the Patriots to two playoff appearances , including Super Bowl XXXI , which they lost to the Green Bay Packers by a score of 35 -- 21 . Pete Carroll , Parcells ' successor , would also take the team to the playoffs twice . Bill Belichick , current head coach , was hired in 2000 , and a new home field , Gillette Stadium was opened in 2002 . Under Belichick , the team won three Super Bowls in four years , and finished the 2007 regular season with a perfect 16 -- 0 record , becoming only the fourth team in league history to go undefeated , and the only one since the league expanded its regular season schedule to 16 games ; however , they ended that season with an 18-1 record after their loss to the New York Giants in Super Bowl XLII . The Patriots have made the playoffs in 12 of the 15 seasons that Belichick has been coach , missing them only in 2000 ( his first season ) , 2002 , and 2008 . They later faced the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX on February 1 , 2015 , and won by a score of 28-24 . The Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34-28 in Super Bowl LI at NRG Stadium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11b776255df51a3e292f6a64a96c57cb", "text": "Jake Locker Jacob Cooper `` Jake '' Locker ( born June 15 , 1988 ) is a former American football quarterback . He played college football at the University of Washington , and was drafted by the Tennessee Titans eighth overall in the 2011 NFL Draft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32d647f071ca919de7521d1b9a6caf7d", "text": "Jim E. Mora James Ernest Mora ( born May 24 , 1935 ) is a former American football coach who was the head coach of the New Orleans Saints and Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League ( NFL ) . His tenure with the Saints spanned eleven seasons and he coached the Colts for four seasons . Mora also coached the Philadelphia/Baltimore Stars of the United States Football League ( USFL ) during its three years of existence and led the team to all three championship games , winning two . As an NFL head coach , he was known for turning the Saints and the Colts , two of its consistently losing franchises , into perennial postseason contenders . However , his reputation was affected by his lack of success in the NFL playoffs and impassioned postgame tirades and press conferences , including his oft-quoted `` Coulda , Woulda , Shoulda , '' `` You Will Never Know , '' `` Diddly Poo , '' and `` Playoffs ? '' rants . In contrast to his league titles in the USFL , Mora never won a postseason NFL game . He holds the NFL record for career regular-season wins ( 125 ) without a playoff victory . His son Jim L. Mora is a former NFL head coach and the current head coach at UCLA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffd031db05c68aadfac4baf6250cf992", "text": "Adrian Burk Adrian Matthew Burk ( December 14 , 1927 -- July 7 , 2003 ) was an American football quarterback in the National Football League ( NFL ) for the Baltimore Colts and Philadelphia Eagles . After his playing career he served as an official .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e014be10abeb05a116d57a0a1207686", "text": "2012 Miami Dolphins season The Miami Dolphins season was the franchise 's 43rd season in the National Football league ( NFL ) , and the 47th overall in the American Football Conference Eastern Division ( AFC East ) . The season concluded with the Dolphins finishing second in the AFC Eastern Division with a 7 -- 9 record , and no postseason play for the fourth consecutive season . The Dolphins entered the season under new head coach Joe Philbin , with hopes of revitalizing the franchise from three consecutive losing seasons under head coach Tony Sparano . The team started with drafting quarterback Ryan Tannehill in the first round of the NFL draft , to compete for the starting job against incumbent Matt Moore and free agent David Garrard . Tannehill was eventually named the team 's regular season starter heading in the second preseason game against the Carolina Panthers . The team finished the preseason with an 0 -- 4 record for the third time in franchise history . The Dolphins opened the regular season with a disappointing 10 -- 30 loss against the Houston Texans , but a week later ended up with an impressive 35 -- 13 win over the Oakland Raiders . Following the win , the Dolphins lost two close overtime games against the Arizona Cardinals and division rival New York Jets . However , Miami was able to come back and win three consecutive games including a blow out rematch with the New York Jets , but after close critical loses to the Indianapolis Colts , division rival Buffalo Bills and New England Patriots , the Dolphins were unable to achieve a winning season . Ryan Tannehill became the first rookie quarterback in Dolphins history to complete a full season as the team 's starting quarterback . During the week four game against the Arizona Cardinals , Tannehill broke former Dolphins quarterback Dan Marino 's single-game rookie passing record with 431 passing yards and came one yard short of breaking Cam Newton 's NFL rookie single-game passing record . In the same game wide receiver Brian Hartline broke the Dolphins single-game receiving record with 12 reception for 253 yards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90282d59be876d10d318ecda99cb9e2c", "text": "Milt Plum Milton Ross Plum ( born January 20 , 1935 ) is a former American football quarterback who played for the Cleveland Browns ( 1957 -- 61 ) , Detroit Lions ( 1962 -- 67 ) , Los Angeles Rams ( 1968 ) and New York Giants ( 1969 ) of the National Football League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb44af2bdcac9261a62c96d075f4b2dc", "text": "1999 Tennessee Titans season The 1999 Tennessee Titans season was the franchise 's 40th season and their 30th in the National Football League ( NFL ) . It was the first year for the club under the moniker `` Titans '' , while the nickname `` Oilers '' was retired by the NFL . The Titans became the seventh Wild Card to qualify for the Super Bowl . However , after defeating the Bills , Colts , and Jaguars in the postseason , they lost the Super Bowl to the St. Louis Rams , 23 -- 16 on a famous last second tackle made by Rams defender Mike Jones at the goal line that prevented Titans receiver Kevin Dyson from scoring a game-tying touchdown . The highlight of the season was the Wild Card game against the Buffalo Bills , dubbed the Music City Miracle . In the games closing seconds , Kevin Dyson caught a lateral on a kickoff and ran all the way down the sidelines for a touchdown . The team drafted defensive end Jevon Kearse with the 16th pick of the 1999 NFL Draft . He had his best years in Tennessee , being named to three consecutive Pro Bowls ( 1999 -- 2001 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6691e846e6e08e23c520f3fc5970ff38", "text": "2004 NFL Draft The 2004 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players . It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting . The draft was held April 24 -- 25 , 2004 at the Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York City . No teams chose to claim any players in the supplemental draft that year . The draft was shown on ESPN both days and eventually moved to ESPN2 both days . The draft began with the San Diego Chargers selecting Mississippi quarterback Eli Manning with the first overall selection . Manning was later traded to the New York Giants for their first selection , fourth overall pick Philip Rivers of NC State . There were 32 compensatory selections distributed among 16 teams , with the Eagles , Rams , and Jets each receiving 4 compensatory picks . The draft set several records , including the most wide receivers selected in the first round , with seven . Another record set by the draft was the most trades in the first round , with twenty-eight trades . The University of Miami set an NFL record for the most first rounders drafted with 6 . Ohio State set an NFL draft record having 14 total players selected through all rounds . As of 2012 , this draft also has two other records attached to it : it became the draft with the shortest time between having multiple quarterbacks being drafted and starting for Super Bowl winners ( Ben Roethlisberger for the 2005 Steelers , and Manning for the 2007 Giants ) and it has become the first draft ever to have produced two QBs who each won multiple Super Bowls ( with Roethlisberger winning his second in 2008 and Eli his second in 2011 ) . The 255 players chosen in the draft were composed of : __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16e005be83d3bf8e92950ab2389519af", "text": "1978 NFL season The 1978 NFL season was the 59th regular season of the National Football League . The league expanded the regular season from a 14-game schedule to 16 . Furthermore , the playoff format was expanded from 8 teams to 10 teams by adding another wild card from each conference . The wild card teams played each other , with the winner advancing to the playoff round of eight teams . The season ended with Super Bowl XIII when the Pittsburgh Steelers defeated the Dallas Cowboys at the Orange Bowl in Miami . The average salary for a player in 1978 was under $ 62,600 , up 13.2 percent over the previous year . Fran Tarkenton was the highest-paid quarterback at $ 360,000 and running back O. J. Simpson was the highest paid player , at just under $ 733,400 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8aed7c8fd979b1e95f4373c45f9f3288", "text": "Damon Allen Damon Allen ( born July 29 , 1963 ) is a former professional quarterback who played in the Canadian Football League . He is currently second in all-time professional football passing yards and second in all-time CFL passing yards after he was surpassed for first place by the Montréal Alouettes ' Anthony Calvillo on October 10 , 2011 . He is pro-football 's combined passing & rushing leader with a total of 84,301 yards . Allen retired as professional football 's all-time leading passer with 72,381 passing yards after he surpassed Warren Moon 's total of 70,553 yards ( in both the CFL and NFL combined ) on September 4 , 2006 in the annual Labour Day Classic . He also retired in third place in all-time CFL rushing yards with 11,920 yards , behind Mike Pringle and George Reed . The 2007 season marked Allen 's twenty-third season in the CFL and he officially announced his retirement on May 28 , 2008 at age 44 . Allen is the younger brother of Pro Football Hall of Famer Marcus Allen . Allen has been mentioned as one of the greatest CFL quarterbacks of all time after winning four Grey Cups with four different teams , he also was a three time Grey Cup MVP . In 2005 , he was the CFL Most Outstanding Player at 42 yrs . old , becoming the oldest MVP of any North American sports franchise . He was a formidable passer and rusher , as he retired only 323 yards behind his brother Marcus . In 2012 , he was elected into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame . In May 2010 , Allen launched the Damon Allen Quarterback Academy , in which he personally teaches the skills and strategies of quarterbacking to students of all ages and skill levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1563924bf6d2846e4bf0ffcd9dbcce4", "text": "2001 NFL season The 2001 NFL season was the 82nd regular season of the National Football League ( NFL ) . In the wake of the September 11 attacks , the NFL 's week 2 games ( September 16 -- 17 ) were postponed and re-scheduled to the weekend of January 6 -- 7 . In order to retain the full playoff format , all playoff games , including Super Bowl XXXVI , were re-scheduled one week later . The New England Patriots won the Super Bowl , defeating the St. Louis Rams 20 -- 17 at the Louisiana Superdome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b502f99f2ee6312d5aa3dd9d6cabd4d6", "text": "American football American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada , and also known as `` gridiron football '' or simply `` gridiron '' , is a sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with control of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball , while the team without control of the ball , the defense , aims to stop their advance and take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs , or plays , or else they turn over the football to the opposing team ; if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs . Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins . American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of association football and rugby football . The first game of American football was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , under rules based on the association football rules of the time . During the latter half of the 1870s , colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code , which allowed carrying the ball . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the `` Father of American Football '' , established the snap , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs ; later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone , and specified the size and shape of the football . American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States . Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game , with the other major levels being high school and youth football . , nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually , almost all of them men , with a few exceptions . The National Football League , the most popular American football league , has the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the world ; its championship game , the Super Bowl , ranks among the most-watched club sporting events in the world , and the league has an annual revenue of around US$ 10 billion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a79dfb18674c8b42bf9a4a83b98d60ee", "text": "List of Kansas City Chiefs starting quarterbacks The Kansas City Chiefs are a professional American football team based in Kansas City , Missouri . The Chiefs are a member of the Western Division of the American Football Conference in the National Football League ( NFL ) . Originally named the Dallas Texans , the club was founded by Lamar Hunt in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League . In 1963 , the team moved to Kansas City , Missouri and were renamed the Kansas City Chiefs . The Chiefs have had 33 starting quarterbacks in their franchise 's history . Cotton Davidson was the team 's first starting quarterback ; he played all 14 games for the Texans in their inaugural 1960 season . Davidson played with the franchise from 1960 to 1962 , and was traded in 1963 to the Oakland Raiders . Len Dawson signed with on July 2 , 1962 and played for the franchise for 14 seasons . With Dawson as the team 's starter , the Texans/Chiefs won three American Football League championships and appeared in two Super Bowl championship games . Dawson was named Most Valuable Player after the Chiefs ' victory in Super Bowl IV and retired in 1975 with several franchise records . Three future Pro Football Hall of Fame enshrinees played for Kansas City : Dawson , Joe Montana , and Warren Moon . In the 2008 season , the Chiefs started three quarterbacks : Brodie Croyle , Damon Huard , and Tyler Thigpen . After Croyle and Huard were sidelined by injuries , Thigpen played in eleven games , winning one and losing ten . In 2009 and 2010 , Matt Cassel started 15 of 16 games each season , while Croyle started the other 2 games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4b9728116e3e317e5f8c20011221ce1", "text": "David Carr (American football) David Duke Carr ( born July 21 , 1979 ) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He was drafted by the Houston Texans first overall in the 2002 NFL Draft . He played college football at Fresno State . Carr also played professionally for the Carolina Panthers , New York Giants , and San Francisco 49ers . He received a Super Bowl ring as a backup for the Giants after their victory over the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLVI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c203c303eed4506ca7371e32dea2efae", "text": "1984 NFL season The 1984 NFL season was the 65th regular season of the National Football League . The Colts relocated from Baltimore , Maryland to Indianapolis , Indiana before the season . The Colts new home field was the Hoosier Dome . The New York Jets moved their home games from Shea Stadium in New York City to Giants Stadium in East Rutherford , New Jersey . The season ended with Super Bowl XIX when the San Francisco 49ers defeated the Miami Dolphins 38-16 at Stanford Stadium in California . This was the first Super Bowl televised by ABC , who entered into the annual championship game rotation with CBS and NBC . This game marked the second shortest distance between the Super Bowl host stadium ( Stanford , California ) and a Super Bowl team ( San Francisco 49ers ) . The 49ers became the first team in NFL history to win 15 games in a regular season and to win 18 in an entire season ( including the post-season ) . Additionally , two major offensive records were set this season , with quarterback Dan Marino establishing a new single-season passing yards record with 5,084 ( later broken by Drew Brees and Tom Brady in 2011 and by Peyton Manning in 2013 ) , and Eric Dickerson establishing a new single-season rushing yards record with 2,105 . Also during the season , San Diego Chargers wide receiver Charlie Joiner became the all-time leader in career receptions ; he set that mark in a game between the Chargers and the Pittsburgh Steelers at Pittsburgh 's Three Rivers Stadium . Salaries increased significantly over the past two seasons in the NFL , up nearly fifty percent ; quarterback Warren Moon led the list at $ 1.1 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2ce9062a4c9b0b78409c391f91c8cc5", "text": "History of American football The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football . Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century , in which a football is kicked at a goal or kicked over a line , which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games . American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football , most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp , a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate who is considered to be the `` Father of American Football '' . Among these important changes were the introduction of the line of scrimmage , of down-and-distance rules and of the legalization of interference . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , gameplay developments by college coaches such as Eddie Cochems , Amos Alonzo Stagg , Parke H. Davis , Knute Rockne , and Glenn `` Pop '' Warner helped take advantage of the newly introduced forward pass . The popularity of college football grew as it became the dominant version of the sport in the United States for the first half of the 20th century . Bowl games , a college football tradition , attracted a national audience for college teams . Boosted by fierce rivalries and colorful traditions , college football still holds widespread appeal in the United States . The origin of professional football can be traced back to 1892 , with William `` Pudge '' Heffelfinger 's $ 500 contract to play in a game for the Allegheny Athletic Association against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club . In 1920 the American Professional Football Association was formed . This league changed its name to the National Football League ( NFL ) two years later , and eventually became the major league of American football . Primarily a sport of Midwestern industrial towns in the United States , professional football eventually became a national phenomenon . The modern era of American football can be considered to have begun after the 1932 NFL Playoff game , which was the first American football game to feature hash marks , the legalization of the forward pass anywhere behind the line of scrimmage , the first indoor game since 1902 , and the movement of the goal posts back to goal line . Other innovations to occur immediately after 1932 , were the introduction of the AP Poll in 1934 , the tapering of the ends of the football in 1934 , the awarding of the first Heisman Trophy in 1935 , the first NFL draft in 1936 and the first televised game in 1939 . Another important event was the American football game at the 1932 Summer Olympics , which combined with a similar demonstration game at 1933 World 's Fair , led to the first College All-Star Game in 1934 , which in turn was an important factor in the growth of professional football in the United States . American football 's explosion in popularity during the second half of the 20th century can be traced to the 1958 NFL Championship Game , a contest that has been dubbed the `` Greatest Game Ever Played '' . A rival league to the NFL , the American Football League ( AFL ) , began play in 1960 ; the pressure it put on the senior league led to a merger between the two leagues and the creation of the Super Bowl , which has become the most watched television event in the United States on an annual basis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cce80c9c23536473d0d0e1de926c1f54", "text": "1997 NFL season The 1997 NFL season was the 78th regular season of the National Football League . The Oilers relocated from Houston , Texas to Nashville , Tennessee . The newly renamed Tennessee Oilers played their home games during this season at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis , Tennessee while a new stadium in Nashville began construction . Houston would rejoin the NFL with the expansion Texans in 2002 . This was the last season to date that TNT broadcast NFL games , as well as the last for NBC until 2006 . When the TV contracts were renewed near the end of the season , Fox retained the National Football Conference package , CBS took over the American Football Conference package and ESPN won the right to televise all of the Sunday night games . Due to Game 7 of the 1997 World Series , the Chicago Bears -- Miami Dolphins game at Pro Player Stadium was delayed one day to Monday , October 27 . The Denver Broncos and Tampa Bay Buccaneers both changed their uniforms , and the new uniforms for both teams were introduced during this season . The season ended with Super Bowl XXXII when the Denver Broncos defeated the Green Bay Packers 31-24 at the Qualcomm Stadium . This broke the National Football Conference 's streak of 13 consecutive Super Bowl victories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7644c80dbd18c6e663f734c5544469da", "text": "2016 Atlanta Falcons season The 2016 Atlanta Falcons season was the franchise 's 51st season in the National Football League and the second under head coach Dan Quinn . It will also mark the team 's 25th and final season playing their home games at the Georgia Dome , as the Falcons will move into the new Mercedes-Benz Stadium in 2017 . The Falcons won the NFC South for the first time since 2012 and improved on their 8 -- 8 record from 2015 , going 11 -- 5 and earning the second seed in the NFC playoffs . The Falcons defeated the Seattle Seahawks 36 -- 20 in the Divisional Round to advance to the NFC Championship Game for the first time since 2012 . In the NFCCG , they defeated the Green Bay Packers , 44 -- 21 , to reach Super Bowl LI , where they faced the New England Patriots . The game marked the Falcons ' second Super Bowl appearance ; they had competed in Super Bowl XXXIII 18 years earlier . Reaching overtime for the first time in Super Bowl history , the Falcons lost 28 -- 34 , after leading 28 -- 3 midway through the third quarter . Although it ended in defeat , the 2016 Falcons season was one of the most successful in team history , being only their second Super Bowl appearance since the conception of the franchise and quarterback Matt Ryan becoming the 2016 NFL MVP .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af932288ffab2139dc30d24d0b0bd7fe", "text": "Alan Ameche Lino Dante `` Alan '' Ameche ( -LSB- əˈmiːtʃiː -RSB- June 1 , 1933 -- August 8 , 1988 ) , nicknamed `` The Iron Horse '' , or simply `` The Horse '' , was an American football player who played six seasons with the Baltimore Colts in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at the University of Wisconsin -- Madison and won the Heisman Trophy during his senior season in 1954 . Ameche was elected to the Pro Bowl in each of his first four seasons in the league . He is famous for scoring the winning touchdown in overtime in the 1958 NFL Championship Game against the New York Giants , labeled `` The Greatest Game Ever Played . '' With colleague and former Colts teammate Gino Marchetti , Ameche founded the Gino 's Hamburgers chain . He also founded the Baltimore-based Ameche 's Drive-in restaurants .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4f89ed44fbed1d734270c3ba030b6cdc	Song Sung Blue is a work of music.	[ { "docid": "3235810b09d2c90ec2b7b02b26ad274b", "text": "Top 40 In the music industry , the top 40 is the current , forty most-popular songs in a particular genre . It is the best-selling or most frequently broadcast popular music . Record charts have traditionally consisted of a total of 40 songs . `` Top 40 '' or `` contemporary hit radio '' is also a radio format .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "579c2c01b9f5bd1043dab10a8d2e449d", "text": "Song Sung Blue `` Song Sung Blue '' is a 1972 hit song written and recorded by Neil Diamond , inspired by the second movement of Mozart 's Piano Concerto # 21 . The song was released on Diamond 's album , Moods and later appeared on many of Diamond 's live and compilation albums . It was his second No. 1 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States , after 1970 's `` Cracklin ' Rosie '' , and to date his last . The song spent twelve weeks in the Top 40 . In addition , `` Song Sung Blue '' spent seven weeks at No. 1 on the adult contemporary chart . It also made the pop chart in the United Kingdom , reaching No. 14 on the UK Singles Chart . The song has become one of Diamond 's standards , and he often performs it during concerts . `` Song Sung Blue '' was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 1973 , Record of the Year and Song of the Year . Both awards that year were won by Roberta Flack 's rendition of Ewan MacColl 's song , `` The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face '' . Diamond described `` Song Sung Blue '' in the liner notes to his 1996 compilation album , In My Lifetime , as a `` very basic message , unadorned . I did n't even write a bridge to it . I never expected anyone to react to `` Song Sung Blue '' the way they did . I just like it , the message and the way a few words said so many things . '' The song inspired the title of a 2008 documentary about a Neil Diamond impersonator who was married to a Patsy Cline impersonator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c15240f72119644c8f816cf1a4d1b08", "text": "Moods (Neil Diamond album) Moods is the eighth studio album by Neil Diamond , released by Uni Records in 1972 . It contained the second of his # 1 songs , `` Song Sung Blue '' , and was something of a follow-up in style to the highly experimental Tap Root Manuscript . Billboard praised Moods highly , saying it contained `` brilliant , diversified material . '' This album , and its follow-up live album Hot August Night , are generally acknowledged to be the two most important recording projects of Diamond 's career in terms of defining his signature sound for the future . Within the music industry and among music professionals this is considered one of Diamond 's better and more creative recordings . It received a Grammy Award nomination for Album of the Year for 1972 . Song Sung Blue was nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year . Lee Holdridge was the arranger and conductor of the orchestra .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9e9e69e18c6781b78e821c34aab2b1fc", "text": "Blue (The Rasmus song) `` Blue '' is a song by the Finnish rock band The Rasmus ( named just `` Rasmus '' back then ) , originally released on the band 's second album Playboys on 29 August 1997 . If you exclude 1st , 2nd and 3rd and count them as EPs , `` Blue '' is the first single released by The Rasmus . It was released in 1997 by the record label Warner Music Finland . It was the first single from the album Playboys and features the tracks `` Blue '' and `` Kola '' , both from the album Playboys . `` Blue '' is a softer , more melodic song compared to the other songs from the album . The single was a big success in the band 's native country , Finland , where it sold gold and reached # 3 on the Finnish Singles Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a03c55c015d1369819b29ea6c1a7e13", "text": "List of Led Zeppelin songs written or inspired by others In their career , the British rock band Led Zeppelin recorded many songs that consisted , in whole or part , of pre-existing songs , melodies , or lyrics . They sometimes credited those sources , sometimes not . This was common practice in the blues music world that influenced Led Zeppelin . The band has been sued a number of times over attribution , some cases having concluded with others being awarded writing credit for the song in question . This is a partial list of songs that contributed to or inspired Led Zeppelin songs or covers . It includes non-controversial ones the band attributed to other writers from the outset .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7db23e4bf8b23891ef5219911e70b6d7", "text": "Azure (song) `` Azure '' is a 1937 song composed by Duke Ellington with lyrics by Irving Mills . The composition is an example of Ellington 's early use of bi - and polytonality , and some parts of it are almost atonal in nature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f45f9222a3ccaaeeed14340efacdbe70", "text": "Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) . In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . '' The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries . Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show . In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9de4f6ffda2ea6cde6af9a1f595653bb", "text": "Behind Blue Eyes `` Behind Blue Eyes '' is a song by the English rock band The Who . It was released in October 1971 as the second single from their fifth album Who 's Next and was originally written by Pete Townshend for his Lifehouse project . The song is one of The Who 's best-known recordings and has been covered by many artists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abbd27e6c888fb58763e998002319c39", "text": "It's a Blue World It 's a Blue World may refer to : It 's a Blue World ( Mel Tormé album ) , 1955 It 's a Blue World ( Red Garland album ) , 1970 `` It 's a Blue World , '' a 1940 song by Chet Forrest and Bob Wright", "title": "" }, { "docid": "357c0daae14288dec1191b888d42f67c", "text": "Miles Davis Volume 2 Miles Davis Volume 2 refers to two separate but related entities . The first is a Miles Davis studio album released by Blue Note Records as a 10-inch LP , as BLP 5022 in 1953 . The six tracks from this LP plus five alternate takes were released on CD in 1990 and remastered with restored artwork in 2001 . The second Miles Davis Volume 2 is a compilation of tracks from all three of his sessions with the label , released ( with different cover art ) in 1956 as BLP 1502 . The original 10-inch LP ( BLP 5022 ) contained music from Davis ' second session for Blue Note , recorded April 20 , 1953 . The recording was made at a point in Davis ' life when he was struggling with heroin addiction , and in his autobiography Davis remembers that he , Jimmy Heath , and Art Blakey were all very high in the studio . Davis also states that the song title `` C.T.A. '' was named after Heath 's girlfriend Connie Theresa Ann . The 1990 CD ( Blue Note CDP 7 81502 2 ) contained the music recorded at the April 20 , 1953 session , including all of the original 10 `` LP , along with alternate takes from the same session , but using the cover art from the 1956 compilation LP . The 2001 CD ( Blue Note 7243 5 32611 2 2 ) remastered by Rudy Van Gelder restored the artwork from BLP 5022 with the same track list . Davis ' other recordings for Blue Note ( in 1952 and 1954 ) are collected on the RVG CD edition of Miles Davis Volume 1 . The 12-inch LP ( BLP 1502 ) was originally released in 1956 ( following Miles Davis Volume 1 ( BLP 1501 ) ) after Davis won the Down Beat readers poll as best trumpeter . The two volumes of repackaged Miles Davis material were the first releases in Blue Note 's new 1500 series of 12 `` LPs . The music compiled on the two volumes was from three separate recording sessions made over 1952 -- 54 , some of which had been previously issued as singles , and as three now discontinued 10 '' LPs . Volume 2 contained material from all three sessions , and some previously unreleased alternate takes . The master takes of the March 6 , 1954 session , which made up the bulk of the 12 `` LP , had originally been issued in 10 `` LP format under the title Miles Davis , Volume 3 ( BLP 5040 ) , and the May 9 , 1952 material had been previously released the 10 '' LP Young Man with a Horn ( BLP 5013 ) . Some Japanese CD versions reproduce the original 12 `` LP running order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6761f32a9c6681a7aa78fa25c01dd57a", "text": "Tangled Up in Blue `` Tangled Up in Blue '' is a song by Bob Dylan . It appeared on his album Blood on the Tracks in 1975 . Released as a single , it reached # 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Rolling Stone ranked it # 68 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time . The Telegraph has described the song as `` The most dazzling lyric ever written , an abstract narrative of relationships told in an amorphous blend of first and third person , rolling past , present and future together , spilling out in tripping cadences and audacious internal rhymes , ripe with sharply turned images and observations and filled with a painfully desperate longing . '' `` Tangled Up in Blue '' is one of five songs on Blood on the Tracks that Dylan initially recorded in New York City in September 1974 and then re-recorded in Minneapolis in December that year ; the later recording became the album track and single . One of the September 1974 outtakes was released in 1991 on The Bootleg Series Volumes 1 -- 3 ( Rare & Unreleased ) 1961 -- 1991 . According to novelist Ron Rosenbaum , Bob Dylan once told him that he 'd written `` Tangled up in Blue '' , after spending a weekend immersed in Joni Mitchell 's 1971 album Blue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e8c2388d4969fbb770255ead54dd9d5", "text": "Blues (disambiguation) The blues is a vocal and instrumental form of music based on the use of the blue notes and a repetitive pattern . The word is also often used in musical contexts to refer to the twelve-bar blues , a particular blues song form , or talking blues , a form of country music . Blues or The Blues may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a985c8e5246f56e5b24c48fc43e4b9a", "text": "Only a Northern Song `` Only a Northern Song '' is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their 1969 album Yellow Submarine . Written by George Harrison , it was recorded mainly in February 1967 during the sessions for Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band but the Beatles chose not to include it on that album . Instead , it was one of the four new songs that the band provided for the 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine , to meet their contractual obligations to United Artists . Harrison wrote `` Only a Northern Song '' out of dissatisfaction with his status as a junior songwriter with the Beatles ' publishing company , Northern Songs . The lyrics and music convey his disenchantment at how the company retained the copyright for the songs it published , and at how , following its public listing in 1965 , the major shareholders profited more from his compositions than he did . The recording features Hammond organ , played by Harrison , and an overdubbed montage of assorted sounds including trumpet blasts and spoken voices , anticipating John Lennon 's 1968 sound collage `` Revolution 9 '' . Due to the difficulty in assembling the completed track from two tape sources , `` Only a Northern Song '' remained a rare song from the Beatles ' post-1963 catalogue that was unavailable in true stereo until 1999 . That year , it was remixed for inclusion on the album Yellow Submarine Songtrack . The song has received a varied response from reviewers ; while Ian MacDonald dismisses the track as a `` self-indulgent dirge '' , the website Ultimate Classic Rock identifies it as one of the Beatles ' best works in the psychedelic rock genre . A version of the song with a different vocal part , and omitting the sound collage overdubs , was issued on the Beatles ' 1996 outtakes compilation Anthology 2 . Gravenhurst and Yonder Mountain String Band are among the artists who have covered `` Only a Northern Song '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c56ac4eca01126c24aa1197549bf773", "text": "Vincent Fang (lyricist) For the Hong Kong entrepreneur , please refer to Vincent Fang ( entrepreneur ) . Vincent Fang was born on 26 January 1969 in Hualien , Taiwan . He is a Taiwanese multi-Golden Melody Award nominated lyricist , best known for his collaboration with singer-songwriter Jay Chou . Fang won Best Lyricist at the 19th Golden Melody Awards for '' 青花瓷 '' ( Blue and White Porcelain ) sung by Jay Chou from On the Run . In 1997 , he sent samples of his lyrics to record companies , hoping to find a new career that complemented his passion for writing . Record company owner Jacky Wu was impressed with his work and hired Fang to work with Chou , who had just started his songwriting career . In 2000 , Chou released his first album ( titled Jay ) and since then produced albums in which Fang contributes the majority of the lyrics . Chou 's fame grew rapidly across Asia , pulling Fang into the limelight as well . Fang 's lyrics are noted for covering a wide of issues from family to war , beyond what is normally discussed in love ballads . He is known for using a writing style similar to traditional Chinese poetry , making frequent references to Chinese history and folklore , esp . in Chinese style music , a fusion genre made popular in the 2000s ( decade ) by Jay Chou , fusing modern rock and contemporary R&B together with traditional Chinese music . He calls his style of lyrical poetry `` Su Yan Rhyme Poetry 素顏韻腳詩 '' , which has become a new poetry form in modern Chinese musical literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e548cfad2fddf918652dad0c086ad610", "text": "Liquid Blue Liquid Blue is an American indie pop rock band/cover band formed in San Diego , California in 1996 by Scott Stephens & Michael Vangerov . The group has performed in more than 500 cities in 100 countries on six continents and have been recognized as `` the world 's most traveled band '' . They are more popular in parts of Asia and Europe than in their home country ( USA ) . In 2010 the group scored their first hit in the United States with the song `` Earth Passport '' , which reached No. 3 on the Billboard Hot Dance Chart in October 2010 . Earth Passport was recorded using nine languages including all six of the official languages of the United Nations . Liquid Blue received a Guinness World Record for `` Earth Passport '' for `` Song Sung in the Most Languages '' . In 2011 the group was named `` Entertainer of the Year - Ensemble '' at the Event Solutions Spotlight Awards held in Las Vegas on February 28 . The band was `` certified green '' by the County of San Diego in May 2009 . The band 's official slogan is `` Music To Move You . '' The core unit of Stephens , Vangerov , and Nikki Green have been together since 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1928f1cbc3daccc71597e120d5d9f627", "text": "Sung poetry Sung poetry is a broad and imprecise music genre widespread in European countries , such as Poland and the Baltic States , to describe songs consisting of a poem ( most often a ballad ) and music written specially for that text . The compositions usually feature a delicate melody and scarce musical background , often comprising a guitar or piano . Some sung poetry performers are singer-songwriters , others use known , published poems , or collaborate with contemporary writers . Artists of sung poetry include people of various occupations usually with little or no particular music education , as well as stage actors . Sung poetry shares much in common with the author 's song in Russia yet differs from it in a significant way : sung poetry performers often do not compose lyrics themselves . Similar artists in other countries are usually classified as bards , folk music or folk rock ( such as Jacques Brel , Lluís Llach , Ovidi Montllor , Georges Brassens , Léo Ferré , Bob Dylan , Simon and Garfunkel , Tom Waits , Leonard Cohen , Djordje Balasevic , Bulat Okudzhava , Vladimir Vysotsky , Paco Ibáñez ) , or chamber pop . Artists of other musical genres may or may not be included into sung poetry category . For instance Czesław Niemen whose many songs are based on works of esteemed Polish poets is usually regarded as either a rock or electronic musician . The common forms of expression are individual and collective public performances , festivals of sung poetry , publication of records online and release of music albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47eaca3ecc72cf897701e8e0386e67c8", "text": "Musical (Summary Proceedings) Copyright Act 1902 The Musical ( Summary Proceedings ) Copyright Act 1902 ( 2 Edw . VII c. 15 ) was an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , given the royal assent on 22 July 1902 , in force from 1 October 1902 , and repealed in 1956 . It provided that the owner of the copyright in a musical work could apply to a court of summary jurisdiction with evidence that unlicensed copies of the work were being `` hawked , carried about , sold or offered for sale '' , and that the court could order a constable to seize these copies without warrant and bring them before the court . If it was proven the copies were unauthorized , the court could order them to be destroyed , or delivered to the copyright owner . It also empowered any constable , on the written request ( and risk ) of the copyright owner or his or her designated agent , to seize without warrant any infringing copy being hawked for sale and bring them before a court ; on the proof that they were copyright infringements , they could then be disposed of by the court as above . In the context of this act , `` musical work '' meant a melody or harmony `` printed , reduced to writing , or otherwise graphically produced or reproduced '' . Recorded music was not envisaged in the scope of the legislation . The Act was repealed by the Copyright Act 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77ad854fd47c7514bd1d19d0db275946", "text": "Singin' the Blues Singin ' the Blues is the 1956 debut album by blues performer B.B. King , issued by the Bihari brothers on their budget Crown label . Among its tracks , the album gathered together five charting singles . `` You Upset Me , Baby '' was the highest charting single , reaching number one on Billboard 's `` Black Singles '' chart . Other charting singles include `` Every Day I Have the Blues '' ( number eight ) , `` Ten Long Years '' ( number nine ) , `` Crying Wo n't Help You '' ( number fifteen ) , `` Bad Luck '' ( number three ) and `` Sweet Little Angel '' ( number six ) . The album was originally released on the Crown subsidiary of Modern Records and has been reissued several times , as part of a two-album combined compact disc alongside King 's second release The Blues and with bonus tracks by P-Vine Records ( Japan ) an Ace Records ( UK ) . On `` Please Love Me '' , King combines T-Bone Walker 's hard-picking , distorted guitar style with his own mournful singing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22b2f75c4c881cb51587d1151eb4c991", "text": "Ten Blake Songs Ten Blake Songs is a song cycle for tenor voice and oboe composed over the Christmas period of 1957 by Ralph Vaughan Williams ( 18721958 ) , for the 1958 film The Vision of William Blake by Guy Brenton for Morse Films . The first nine songs are from Songs of Innocence and of Experience by the English poet and visionary William Blake ( 17571827 ) ; the tenth is from Auguries of Innocence by the same poet . The cycle is dedicated to the tenor Wilfred Brown and the oboist Janet Craxton . It was first performed in concert and broadcast on the BBC Third Programme on 8 October 1958 , shortly after the composer 's death . The songs are : `` Infant Joy '' ( Innocence ) `` A Poison Tree '' ( Experience ) `` The Piper '' ( Innocence , titled `` Introduction '' ) `` London '' ( Experience ) `` The Lamb '' ( Innocence ) `` The Shepherd '' ( Innocence ) `` Ah ! Sun-flower '' ( Experience ) `` Cruelty Has a Human Heart '' ( Experience ) `` The Divine Image '' ( Innocence ) `` Eternity '' ( Auguries , closing words )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3edb5897f53fa692004704588be8579", "text": "Part (music) A part ( or voice ) is a strand or melody of music played by an individual instrument or voice ( or group of identical instruments or voices ) within a larger work . Parts may be referred to as an outer part ( the top and bottom parts ) or an inner part ( those in between ) . Part-writing ( or voice leading ) is the composition of parts in consideration of harmony and counterpoint . In the context of polyphonic composition the term voice may be used instead of part to denote a single melodic line or textural layer . The term is generic , and is not meant to imply that the line should necessarily be vocal in character , instead referring to instrumentation or simply to register . Allen Forte defines a voice thus : Codex Calixtinus ( 12th century ) contains the earliest extant decipherable part music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd83419aa6486456e0d2b3a879d0d745", "text": "Am I Blue Am I Blue may refer to : Am I Blue ( George Strait song ) , a 1987 song by George Strait Am I Blue ? , a song written by Harry Akst and Grant Clarke in 1929 , and later recorded by Ricky Nelson , Linda Ronstadt , Bette Midler , Eddie Cochran and Cher Am I Blue ( album ) , a 1963 album by jazz guitarist Grant Green Am I Blue ( play ) , a play by Beth Henley", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ca54fed3fecab1d4e7f8459d1933f33", "text": "Blue Virgin Isles (song) Blue Virgin Isles is a song written by Ted Gärdestad and Kenneth Gärdestad , and originally recorded with lyrics in English on the Ted Gärdestad album `` Blue Virgin Isles '' , released October 1978 . as well as appearing as a B-side for the 1979 single `` Satellit '' . Recording it with lyrics in Swedish by Kenneth Gärdestad as Himlen är oskyldigt blå , Ted Gärdestad released it as a single in 1993 charting at Svensktoppen for seven weeks between 18 September-30 October 1993 , peaking at 4th position . The song has also been recorded by Tommy Körberg . and by Yohio on his 2013 album Break the Border . Kikki Danielsson recorded the song with lyrics in English on her 2006 album `` I dag & i morgon '' The song has also been performed live by Håkan Hellström during the `` Från tango till Taube '' shows with Sven-Bertil Taube .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0ac1f0b645852ad5134f1d18ee00fc8", "text": "Blue Velvet (song) `` Blue Velvet '' is a popular song written and composed in 1950 by Bernie Wayne and Lee Morris . A top 20 hit for Tony Bennett in its original 1951 version , the song has since been re-recorded many times , with a 1963 version by Bobby Vinton reaching No. 1 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
68a258f1973a36afbf6686e02a921d05	Purple Haze was released as a single for a record.	[ { "docid": "62930c2901334dd92f5721da9aa8e006", "text": "Purple Haze `` Purple Haze '' is a song written by Jimi Hendrix and released as the second record single by the Jimi Hendrix Experience on March 17 , 1967 . As a record chart hit in several countries and the opening number on the Experience 's debut American album , it was many people 's first exposure to Hendrix 's psychedelic rock sound . The song features his inventive guitar playing , which uses the signature Hendrix chord and a mix of blues and Eastern modalities , shaped by novel sound processing techniques . Because of ambiguities in the lyrics , listeners often interpret the song as referring to a psychedelic experience , although Hendrix described it as a love song . `` Purple Haze '' is one of Hendrix 's best-known songs and appears on many Hendrix compilation albums . The song featured regularly in concerts and each of Hendrix 's group configurations issued live recordings . It was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and is included on lists of the greatest guitar songs , including at number two by Rolling Stone and number one by Q magazine .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "27aaa90b1f6e9dd7c59ab7118cab5ca0", "text": "Scandinavian Nights Scandinavian Nights is a double live album by the British hard rock band Deep Purple . It was originally recorded by Swedish National Radio for a radio show called Tonkraft at the Stockholm Konserthuset on 12 November 1970 , but not released until 1988 . The tapes were re-mixed by Tom Leader at Angel Studios in London . It remains the prime example of the early Mk II set list and ferocious concert dynamics . The set list comprises songs from the album Deep Purple in Rock and long instrumentals from earlier albums . The two songs `` Mandrake Root '' and `` Wring that Neck '' took up half the concert in the early days , until the Fireball tour . The US double CD , released in 1992 , was titled Live and Rare , while the European double vinyl and double CD , released in 1988 , were both titled Scandinavian Nights . The European vinyl release contained a limited edition picture booklet . The track timings printed ( on both European vinyl and CD ) refer to the length of the actual songs , in-between pauses are not included , but the timings on the US CDs do include the pauses . The original master tapes were later discovered and remixed for a re-release as Live in Stockholm by Purple Records in 2005 , with improved sound quality . On the original release the song running order was adjusted to fit the timing-restrictions of vinyl , and the CD edition unnecessarily mimicked this ; Live in Stockholm features the set list in the correct order . A new edition of the album , titled Stockholm 1970 , was released in 2014 by EDEL as part of `` The Official Deep Purple ( Overseas ) Live Series '' with additional material : two songs recorded in Paris in 1970 ; contemporary Jon Lord interview ; a bonus DVD with Deep Purple 's performance at Granada TV in 1970 , previously released on VHS as Doing Their Thing . The original 1988 album cover was featured in Pitchfork Media 's 2005 list of `` The Worst Record Covers of All Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55e004fcde5b6d1025bc5e225f8ca096", "text": "Brain Damage (song) `` Brain Damage '' is the ninth track from English rock band Pink Floyd 's 1973 album The Dark Side of the Moon . It was sung on record by Roger Waters ( with harmonies by David Gilmour ) , who would continue to sing it on his solo tours . Gilmour sang the lead vocal when Pink Floyd performed it live on their 1994 tour ( as can be heard on Pulse ) . The band originally called this track `` Lunatic '' during live performances and recording sessions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "671f4b108f4ba135cf9480e84534d2f5", "text": "Nothing Gold Can Stay (album) Nothing Gold Can Stay is the debut studio album by American rock band New Found Glory , released on October 19 , 1999 through independent record label Eulogy Recordings . At the time , the band was then named `` A New Found Glory '' , but later dropped the indefinite article `` A '' due to some fans struggling to find their records in stores . The original pressings of the album contained samplings from several films including The Outsiders ( 1983 ) , Weird Science ( 1985 ) , and That Thing You Do ! ( 1996 ) , as well as Robert Frost 's poem `` Nothing Gold Can Stay '' , after which the album is named . On the strength of the release , Richard Reines , co-founder of Drive-Thru Records , signed the band after paying Eulogy a $ 5,000 license fee in order to re-release the album . Propelled by debut single `` Hit or Miss '' , Nothing Gold Can Stay garnered a cult following and sold in excess of 300,000 copies . The record was responsible for breaking the band in the United States and has been noted for its influence on contemporary pop punk music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85451079cf7eb261b00008f404bf4d65", "text": "Smoke on the Water `` Smoke on the Water '' is a song by the English rock band Deep Purple . It was first released on their 1972 album Machine Head . In 2004 , the song was ranked number 434 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the 500 greatest songs of all time , ranked number 4 in Total Guitar magazine 's Greatest Guitar Riffs Ever , and in March 2005 , Q magazine placed `` Smoke on the Water '' at number 12 in its list of the 100 greatest guitar tracks . Watchmojo.com ranked it number 5 on the Top 10 Guitar Riffs of All Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85baff430e8aaba641671e6e61737a26", "text": "Translucent Flashbacks – The Singles Translucent Flashbacks is a compilation album released in 1995 and combines the first three Spacemen 3 singles and all their B-sides . The singles which were released on Glass Records between 1986 & 1988 are `` Walkin ' With Jesus '' , Transparent Radiation EP and `` Take Me To The Other Side '' . Different versions of many of these tracks can actually be found on The Perfect Prescription album with one track , `` Rollercoaster , '' available on the debut Sound of Confusion album . A version of this album was also released in the US by Taang ! records and called Spacemen 3 The Singles ; although the album booklet gives no dates for the singles releases and no info on the band , it features what may have been the original artworks for the individual record covers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f4c66110ae7ed72dac5944d1436228", "text": "Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego . One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d54420e0943b7c2a94fb7c7a3beeaa7", "text": "Nobody's Perfect (Deep Purple album) Nobody 's Perfect is a live album released in 1988 by the British rock band Deep Purple . It was recorded during the tour in support of The House of Blue Light in 1987 in Europe and the US . The outer sleeve photography was designed by Aubrey Powell of Hipgnosis . Track transitions are marked by fades . It also contains a new live in studio version of `` Hush '' to commemorate their 20th anniversary . `` Black Night '' was also re-recorded but never released . `` Hard Lovin ' Woman '' includes parts of `` Under the Gun '' during Blackmore 's guitar solo . `` Strange Kind of Woman '' includes the `` Superstar '' chorus from Jesus Christ Superstar . `` Woman from Tokyo '' changes into `` Everyday '' by Buddy Holly halfway through . The album represented Deep Purple 's setlist at the time , which consisted much of the typical Made in Japan set , combined with newer material from the 1984 reunion album Perfect Strangers and The House of Blue Light . Songs such as `` The Unwritten Law '' and `` Difficult to Cure '' ( which included an extended-riff from Beethoven 's Ninth Symphony , 4th Movement ) were played every night on the tour , but were not included on this album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e89afdb946a72cea2919a8119a2c208", "text": "Call of the Wild (Deep Purple song) `` Call of the Wild '' is a song by British hard rock band Deep Purple . It appeared as the third track on their 1987 album The House of Blue Light . The song was released as a single later that year , and made it onto the UK Singles Chart at # 92 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d8353ff689b288698402a2529ac9e12", "text": "Del-Fi Records Del-Fi Records was an American record label based in Hollywood , California and owned by Bob Keane . The label 's first single released was `` Caravan '' by Henri Rose released in 1958 ; however , the label was most famous for signing Ritchie Valens . Valens ' first single for the label was `` Come On Let 's Go '' , which was a hit . His next single , `` Donna '' / `` La Bamba '' , was an even bigger big hit , and brought notability to the label . Johnny Crawford , the co-star of the television series The Rifleman , was the Del-Fi artist who recorded the most hit singles . Del-Fi ceased operating in 1974 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9ac89aac92d113876e98af213092b24", "text": "Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 (Ray Stevens album) Greatest Hits , Vol . 2 is a collection of ten previously released singles by Ray Stevens , released in 1987 . It is the second volume of the Greatest Hits package of Stevens ' music that was released by MCA Records . Of the ten selections on this volume , the fifth track , `` Mama 's in the Sky With Elvis , '' makes its first album appearance . Additionally , this collection consists of five recordings for MCA Records ( `` Would Jesus Wear a Rolex , '' `` Can He Love You Half as Much as I , '' `` The Ballad of the Blue Cyclone , '' `` Mama 's in the Sky With Elvis '' and `` The Haircut Song '' ) , two for Warner Bros. . Records ( `` I Need Your Help Barry Manilow '' and `` In the Mood '' ) , two for Monument Records ( `` Mr. Businessman '' and `` Freddie Feelgood ( And His Funky Little Five-Piece Band ) '' ) and one for Mercury Records ( `` Jeremiah Peabody 's Poly Unsaturated Quick Dissolving Fast Acting Pleasant Tasting Green and Purple Pills '' ) . The version of `` Freddie Feelgood ( And His Funky Little Five-Piece Band ) '' on this collection is the album version that is overdubbed with audience noises .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "301cb3947d13ca9447bdd8ca08d2c00e", "text": "Infinity Records Infinity Records was a short-lived subsidiary of MCA Records established in New York City in 1978 . The label was conceived by MCA president Sidney Sheinberg as a way for the Los Angeles-based entertainment conglomerate to improve its presence on the East Coast . Ron Alexenberg , who had previously been the head of the Epic Records division of CBS Records ( now part of Sony Music Entertainment ) was hired as CEO . The biggest hit the Infinity label had was `` Escape '' by Rupert Holmes , which was number 1 at the end of 1979 . Other acts that had chart entries on Infinity included Dobie Gray , Hot Chocolate , New England , Orleans and Spyro Gyra . Under the distribution of MCA , the Infinity Records label released titles in the US , Canada , the UK , Japan and parts of Europe . Infinity spent lavishly but failed to earn a profit . In addition to developing new talent , Infinity also paid substantial sums to acquire established artists . Most of the established artists were unable to duplicate their previous success . In October 1979 , Infinity released Pope John Paul II Sings at the Festival of Sacrosong , an album of speeches and songs sung by Pope John Paul II in his native Polish . Due to the tremendous popularity of the new Pope , Infinity thought the record would be a major hit . The company paid a substantial fee ( which went to charity ) to the Catholic Church to obtain exclusive rights to the recording . The album briefly peaked at # 126 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , however , it received poor reviews and was quickly seen as a colossal failure . Most of the one million advance copies of the John Paul II album were returned unsold to the label , producing a huge financial loss . MCA pulled the plug on Infinity Records in November 1979 , and the Infinity catalog was immediately absorbed by the parent company . Rupert Holmes and Spyro Gyra were the only Infinity acts to be retained by MCA , and most of the label 's catalog went out of print . The collapse of Infinity also coincided with rising costs of manufacturing for vinyl LP records and a huge sales slump for the music industry . Infinity has since become known as one of the most expensive failures in the history of the record business . There are at least two other smaller record labels that also have used the name Infinity Records . One of these other labels was a subsidiary of Festival Records , which for many years was Australia 's leading independent record company , but is now also defunct . Other companies with the Infinity Records name do not have an affiliation with MCA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af4800a91aef91711ec5b3a280054d1b", "text": "List of million-selling singles in the United Kingdom A million-selling single is regarded by the Official Charts Company ( OCC ) as one that has sold at least 1 million copies since the start of the UK Singles Chart in November 1952 . As well as a traditional purchase of a physical record , a sale can represent one permanent digital download of a track ( physical singles usually consist of two songs , although both are only included in sales figures for double A sides or where both receive a high level of interest and airplay ) . Both British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) - certified awards ( Silver , Gold and Platinum ) and the weekly charts now include audio streaming but these are not included in the sales figures published by the OCC . Certified awards can also include shipments ( sales to trade ) . The OCC and Music Week regularly announce when a record becomes a million seller . , 167 singles have sold 1 million copies in the UK . Of these , 108 were originally released in the 20th century ( 70 of them selling 1 million before the year 2000 ) and the remainder were released between 2000 and 2014 . The most recently released single to become a million-seller is `` Uptown Funk '' by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars , which was released in December 2014 and passed a million sales ten weeks later in February 2015 . Bing Crosby 's `` White Christmas '' is the earliest release : originally 1942 , although only sales from 1952 onwards are counted . The year in which the most million-sellers were released is 2011 , with twelve ; while a record 36 releases from both the 1990s and the 2010s have sold a million copies . Only two million sellers have failed to reach the top 5 on the UK Singles Chart : Snow Patrol 's `` Chasing Cars '' and Journey 's `` Do n't Stop Believin ' '' , both of which peaked at number 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab7ef57dc82c3c67899f7cea4e7fae88", "text": "The Singles (Johnny Mathis album) The Singles is a four-disc box set by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released in 2015 by Columbia Records to commemorate the singer 's 80th birthday . In his review of the collection Joe Marchese explains that it `` does n't bring together every track released by the legendary artist on 45 RPM ; such an endeavor would take far more than four discs . Instead , it features the tracks originally released by Mathis on Columbia in the singles format -- in other words , non-LP sides -- between the years of 1956 and 1981 , in their original single mixes . '' His description of the compilation echoes that of compilation producer Didier C. Deutsch in the liner notes as explanation for the exclusion of the hit singles `` Misty '' from 1959 's Heavenly and his `` Too Much , Too Little , Too Late '' duet with Deniece Williams from You Light Up My Life in 1978 . Deutsch excuses these as `` songs extracted from specific albums to call attention to these albums . '' The set does , however , include `` Ten Times Forever '' and `` I Was There '' from his first 1971 LP , Love Story , and a shorter version of `` If We Only Have Love '' than the one that was included on his other 1971 album , You 've Got a Friend .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b052c6346d0867b2aa97c962539d2802", "text": "Singles 1971–2006 Singles 1971 -- 2006 is a box set compilation of singles by The Rolling Stones spanning the years 1971 to 2006 . It covers their output with both Rolling Stones Records and Virgin Records labels . A sequel of sorts to ABKCO 's three boxes of singles replicas from the mid-2000s ( Singles 1963 -- 1965 , Singles 1965 -- 1967 , Singles 1968 -- 1971 ) , Universal 's The Singles : 1971 -- 2006 is a 45-disc box set that offers single replicas of every 45 the Rolling Stones released between Sticky Fingers and A Bigger Bang . This first edition of the set contained a skip around the 4-second mark on the B-side , `` I Think I 'm Going Mad '' . The error was fixed in a subsequent edition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2564b1ed390d07d4e46d7edf2551873", "text": "Haze (2005 film) is a 2005 Japanese thriller/horror film written and directed by Shinya Tsukamoto who also stars in the movie . After appearances at several international festivals in 2005 , the film debuted theatrically in Japan on March 4 , 2006 . Two versions of the film exist : the original release , a short 25 minute version ; and what Director Tsukamoto entitled the `` Long Version '' , which runs 49 minutes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32104ab37b447c25fdf335e9eed5c69c", "text": "VinylDisc The VinylDisc is a combination of a digital layer , either in CD or DVD format , and an analog layer , which is a vinyl record , developed by the German company Optimal Media Production . It consists of a silver layer containing CD or DVD and a black polyvinyl chloride layer ( able to hold 3.5 minutes of audio on 33 1/3 rpm ) which can be played on a regular phonograph . Examples of singles already released in the hybrid format are Paramore 's `` Misery Business '' , The Mars Volta 's cover of `` Candy and a Currant Bun '' by Pink Floyd , and Fightstar 's `` Deathcar '' which reportedly had a limited run of 3000 copies . A sample VinylDisc to promote this new format was given to visitors of the 2007 Popkomm , containing music by Jazzanova , where it was presented in September 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3ae4e1cf71c9c40762d47cfeb5d13f6", "text": "Eight Miles High `` Eight Miles High '' is a song by the American rock band the Byrds , written by Gene Clark , Jim McGuinn ( a.k.a. Roger McGuinn ) , and David Crosby and first released as a single on March 14 , 1966 ( see 1966 in music ) . Musically influenced by Ravi Shankar and John Coltrane , `` Eight Miles High '' , along with its McGuinn and Crosby-penned B-side `` Why '' , was influential in developing the musical styles of psychedelic rock , raga rock , and psychedelic pop . Accordingly , critics often cite `` Eight Miles High '' as being the first bona fide psychedelic rock song , as well as a classic of the counterculture era . The song was subject to a U.S. radio ban shortly after its release , following allegations published in the broadcasting trade journal the Gavin Report regarding perceived drug connotations in its lyrics . The band strenuously denied these allegations at the time , but in later years both Clark and Crosby admitted that the song was at least partly inspired by their own drug use . The failure of `` Eight Miles High '' to reach the Billboard Top 10 is usually attributed to the broadcasting ban , but some commentators have suggested that the song 's complexity and uncommercial nature were greater factors . `` Eight Miles High '' reached number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and number 24 in the UK Singles Chart . The song was also included on the band 's third album , Fifth Dimension , which was released on July 18 , 1966 . `` Eight Miles High '' became the Byrds ' third and final U.S. Top 20 hit , and was also their last release before the departure of Gene Clark , the band 's principal songwriter at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2162d00db6c86061556878fe6d39c386", "text": "Blackout (Scorpions album) Blackout is the eighth studio album by German rock band Scorpions , released in 1982 on EMI Germany Records and Mercury Records . After losing his voice during the writing of the album , lead singer Klaus Meine had to undergo surgery on his vocal cords and it was uncertain whether he would be able to record it . Demos of the material were recorded with singer Don Dokken as lead singer ; however none of those recordings are featured on the album . Rudolf Schenker could not choose between his guitar solos on `` China White '' , so the US and European releases differed in this small detail . A self-portrait of artist Gottfried Helnwein is featured on the cover of the album . Rudolf Schenker portrays this character in the `` No One Like You '' music video . The RIAA certified Blackout Gold on 24 June 1982 and Platinum on 8 March 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "012240832bfc27526716ba5a4ce7661b", "text": "One Nation Under a Groove (song) `` One Nation Under a Groove '' is a 1978 song by Funkadelic , the title track from their album of the same name , The lyrics refer to dancing as a way to freedom . Compared to Funkadelic 's earlier output , that was characterized by sound typical for rock music , this song has sound more typical for dance music . The 12 '' single of the song is an extension of the album track ( this version has yet to be made available on CD ) . `` One Nation Under a Groove '' was released as a single and reached thirty-one on the Billboard Club Play Singles chart . It has endured as a dance funk classic and is probably Funkadelic 's most widely known song . `` One Nation Under a Groove '' peaked at number twenty-eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and reached number one on the Billboard Soul chart for six weeks , the longest of any number one single released in 1978 . `` One Nation Under a Groove '' became Funkadelic 's first million selling single , as well as the third million selling single for the P-Funk organization overall . The opening lyrics , `` So low you ca n't get under it . So high you ca n't get over it , '' may be taken from The Temptations 's song `` Psychedelic Shack '' . The song is included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 's list of 500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll . It is also ranked No. 474 on the Rolling Stone magazine 's list of `` the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1c0c3d7abde1d1107c4efe4964a961f", "text": "Wavelength (song) `` Wavelength '' is the title song from the 1978 album by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison . Released as a single in 1978 , it climbed to number forty two in the US charts , and stayed in the Hot 100 for eleven weeks . According to Howard A. Dewitt , this `` was the song which re-established Morrison 's hit making abilities '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4b9dfbea94d8b47969660d1f0d4979bf	Bruce Lee was only a professional martial artist and unable to act.	[ { "docid": "13511db4c50b053b92400c7fb7f9181c", "text": "Actor An actor ( often actress for females ; see terminology ) is a person who portrays a character in a performance . The actor performs `` in the flesh '' in the traditional medium of the theatre , or in modern mediums such as film , radio , and television . The analogous Greek term is , literally `` one who answers '' . The actor 's interpretation of their role pertains to the role played , whether based on a real person or fictional character . Interpretation occurs even when the actor is `` playing themselves '' , as in some forms of experimental performance art , or , more commonly ; to act , is to create , a character in performance . Formerly , in some societies , only men could become actors , and women 's roles were generally played by men or boys . When used for the stage , women occasionally played the roles of prepubescent boys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "908059bb2f37a2391e20c6e93a0b63e2", "text": "Bruce Lee Lee Jun-fan ( ; November 27 , 1940 -- July 20 , 1973 ) , known professionally as Bruce Lee , was a Hong Kong and American martial artist , actor , philosopher , filmmaker , and founder of the martial art Jeet Kune Do . Lee was the son of Cantonese opera star Lee Hoi-chuen . He is widely considered by commentators , critics , media , and other martial artists to be one of the most influential martial artists of all time , and a pop culture icon of the 20th century . He is often credited with helping to change the way Asians were presented in American films . Lee was born in Chinatown , San Francisco , on November 27 , 1940 , to parents from Hong Kong and was raised in Kowloon , Hong Kong , with his family until his late teens . He was introduced to the film industry by his father and appeared in several films as a child actor . Lee moved to the United States at the age of 18 to receive his higher education , at the University of Washington , at Seattle and it was during this time that he began teaching martial arts . His Hong Kong and Hollywood-produced films elevated the traditional Hong Kong martial arts film to a new level of popularity and acclaim , sparking a surge of interest in Chinese martial arts in the West in the 1970s . The direction and tone of his films changed and influenced martial arts and martial arts films in the US , Hong Kong and the rest of the world . He is noted for his roles in five feature-length films : Lo Wei 's The Big Boss ( 1971 ) and Fist of Fury ( 1972 ) ; Golden Harvest 's Way of the Dragon ( 1972 ) , directed and written by Lee ; Golden Harvest and Warner Brothers ' Enter the Dragon ( 1973 ) and The Game of Death ( 1978 ) , both directed by Robert Clouse . Lee became an iconic figure known throughout the world , particularly among the Chinese , as he portrayed Chinese nationalism in his films . He trained in the art of Wing Chun and later combined his other influences from various sources , in the spirit of his personal martial arts philosophy , which he dubbed Jeet Kune Do ( The Way of the Intercepting Fist ) . Lee held dual nationality of Hong Kong and the US . He died in Kowloon Tong on July 20 , 1973 at the age of 32 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "daa679ac56ed98f88552777b21512015", "text": "The Book of Five Rings is a text on kenjutsu and the martial arts in general , written by the swordsman Miyamoto Musashi circa 1645 . There have been various translations made over the years , and it enjoys an audience considerably broader than only that of martial artists : for instance , some business leaders find its discussion of conflict and taking the advantage to be relevant to their work . The modern-day Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū employs it as a manual of technique and philosophy . Musashi establishes a `` no-nonsense '' theme throughout the text . For instance , he repeatedly remarks that technical flourishes are excessive , and contrasts worrying about such things with the principle that all technique is simply a method of cutting down one 's opponent . He also continually makes the point that the understandings expressed in the book are important for combat on any scale , whether a one-on-one duel or a massive battle . Descriptions of principles are often followed by admonitions to `` investigate this thoroughly '' through practice rather than trying to learn them by merely reading . Musashi describes and advocates a two-sword fencing style ( nitōjutsu ) : that is , wielding both katana and wakizashi , contrary to the more traditional method of wielding the katana two-handed . However , he only explicitly describes wielding two swords in a section on fighting against many adversaries . The stories of his many duels rarely refer to Musashi himself wielding two swords , although , since they are mostly oral traditions , their details may be inaccurate . Some suggest that Musashi 's meaning was not so much wielding two swords `` simultaneously '' , but rather acquiring the proficiency to ( singly ) wield either sword in either hand as the need arose . However , Musashi states within the volume that one should train with a long sword in each hand , thereby training the body and improving one 's ability to use two blades simultaneously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c463e793f0955a3daab4393a31dcfef", "text": "Contemporary dance in Japan Contemporary Japanese dance draws on various traditional styles and Western classical and avant-garde forms , interpreted with the standards of Japanese schools . Many famous dance studios grew from training centers for Kabuki actor-dancers or derived from famous Kabuki families . Women dancers drawing their art from butoh were trained by the Hanayagi school , whose top dancers performed internationally . Ichinohe Sachiko choreographed and performed traditional dances in Heian court costumes , characterized by the slow , formal , and elegant motions of this classical age of Japanese culture . Western schools covered classical ballet , jazz-dance , and modern dance and influenced the butoh avant-garde dance movement . Ballet was said to have replaced traditional Japanese arts , such as flower arrangement and the tea ceremony , in the hearts of young girls . Prima ballerina Morishita Yoko sat on the jury for the Prix de Lausanne Ballet Competition in 1989 , held for the first time in Tokyo , marking the arrival of Japanese classical ballet in the international community . Horiuchi Gen , a 1980 Prix de Lausanne winner , became a major soloist with the New York City Ballet , and Japanese performers noted for their superb technique were members of many major international companies . Modern dance was performed early after World War II and was later taught by such famous dancers as Eguchi Takaya . The Tokyo Modern Dance School and the Ozawa Hisako Modern Dance Company also promoted avant-garde modern dance . A wide experimental range within modern dance occurred from which choreographer Teshigawara Saburo skillfully drew to create multifaceted works for his KARAS Company . The vital avant-garde butoh dance was a major development after the war : at least five major schools performed in the 1985 Butoh Festival , and there were numerous creative offshoots . Hijikata Tatsumi was a charismatic dancer who experimented with different kinds of creative dance to capture expressive motions he considered expressly suited to the Japanese physiognomy and psyche . He combined eroticism , social criticism , and avant-garde theater ideas , and he considered the body to be a repository for `` stored memories '' , which could be metamorphosed into dance forms . His theories and choreography were carried on by a number of famous dancers , who eventually formed their own major companies , which were strong in the 1980s and toured abroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d7097f965afba1dd261843b34d19e31", "text": "Bakbakan International Bakbakan International is a martial arts association headquartered in Manila , Philippines and founded by Christopher Ricketts . It has chapters in Australia , Canada , and the United States . It also promoted the Masters of Arnis tour in Australia that featured Christopher Ricketts , Antonio Diego , Edgar Sulite , and Rey Galang . The school teaches the following methods : Kali Ilustrisimo , which was developed by Antonio `` Tatang '' Ilustrisimo . The Tulisan Knife-Fighting System , which works as an offshoot of Kali Ilustrisimo and is based on technique rather than drill . The Sinawali Fighting System , which emphasizes ambidexterity and weapon mastery . Lameco Eskrima , developed by Edgar Sulite . The Sagasa Kickboxing System , which develops coordination , power , and reflexes . The Hagibis Combat System of close-quarter combat , which primarily emphasizes grappling , throwing , and tripping as means of disabling individual opponents where multiple opponents exist . Ngo Cho Kun ( Wuzuquan ) Kung Fu , which emphasizes power , stamina , and concentration . Its notable members are Tony Diego , Edgar Sulite , Alexander Co , Christopher Ricketts , Rey Galang , Dodong Sta . Iglesia , Miguel Zubiri , Doran Sordo , Ding Binay , Ronnie Ricketts , Rolly Maximo , Ramon Tulfo , Rey Dizer , Edgar Aristorenas , and Leonard A. Anderson . The organization or its senior members have been featured in or written the following published works : September 1997 issue of Exotic Martial Arts of Southeast Asia Filipino Martial Culture by Mark V. Wiley Five Ancestor Fist Kung Fu by Alexander Co Premiere Issue of Martial Arts Illustrated . Masters of the Blade by Reynaldo S. Galang Warrior Arts of the Philippines by Reynaldo S. Galang Classic ARNIS - The Legacy of Placido Yambao by Reynaldo S. Galang Complete Sinawali Filipino Double Weapon Fighting by Reynaldo S. Galang", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3993cc87baf92140281e19d5c6af99fa", "text": "Shadowland (comics) `` Shadowland '' is a 2010 Marvel Comics storyline centering on Daredevil and other `` street-level '' superheroes in the Marvel Universe . The storyline started in the Daredevil comic and was expanded upon in the Shadowland five-issue mini series as well as four tie-in mini series , four one-shots , and two issues of Thunderbolts . The storyline was collected into seven individual hard cover and soft cover Trade paperbacks in 2011 . The story chronicles Daredevils ' return to Hell 's Kitchen after he becomes the leader of the Hand Ninja clan . He builds a temple/prison in Hell 's Kitchen , the eponymous Shadowland . His methods get more extreme as he kills long-time adversary Bullseye . The change in attitude brings him and his ally White Tiger in conflict with a number of street level super-heroes such as Spider-Man , Luke Cage , Iron Fist , Moon Knight and more . The storyline also introduces a new Power Man to the Marvel Universe . The heroes later realize that Daredevil has become possessed by the Beast of the Hand , which explains why Daredevil 's actions have become more and more extreme and erratic . The heroes are helped out by the Kingpin and Lady Bullseye as they try to preserve the Kingpin 's criminal empire . In the final moments of the story Iron Fist uses his mystical chi to heal Daredevil , releasing the demon inside him . In an act of sacrifice Daredevil kills himself before the Beast can take control of him again , breaking the spell the Beast had on Hell 's Kitchen . Afterwards his corpse disappears , apparently to be revived by Elektra at the conclusion of the event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59b206e62cb9190027f5135056804454", "text": "Professional performances Professional performances , as opposed to amateur performances , are those in which performers receive payment for their performances . Professional performances are engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work . A professional actor is someone who derives income by participating in professional performances . A professional theatre company auditions actors to perform in their professional theatre . The company sells tickets ; actors receive payment for their performances . This is the same for musicians , dancers , comedians . Also see : professional sports . A professional performer is a person in a profession that requires certain types of skilled work requiring formal training or education . In western nations , such as the United States , the term commonly describes highly educated , salaried workers , who enjoy considerable work autonomy , economic security , a comfortable salary , and are commonly engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work . A professional athlete is someone who derives income by participating in competitive sports . Sometimes also called `` commercial grade '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eabc0fdd70071efa1733f4f5b71e2763", "text": "Bruce Davis (video game industry) Bruce L. Davis ( born 1952 ) is an American businessman , currently CEO and chairman of Digimarc . Formerly the head of both Imagic and Activision , he is known for his role in the development of the video game industry . A native of New York , Davis earned a B.S. in accounting and psychology and an M.A. in criminal justice from University at Albany , SUNY , and a law degree from Columbia University . He began his professional career by establishing the intellectual property practice at the firm of Orrick , Herrington & Sutcliffe in San Francisco , California . He assumed leadership of Imagic as it was going out of business in the North American video game crash of 1983 . From 1987 to 1991 , Davis was first chief operating officer , then chairman and CEO of Activision . The board of directors promoted him from senior vice president to replace Jim Levy shortly after the acquisition of Infocom , in the hopes of stemming the continuing financial damage from the crash . He had opposed the merger , and many Infocom employees believed he was deliberately working against them , changing processes that had made the game business successful . Activision co-founder and programmer David Crane was also critical of Davis : `` Bruce Davis ' biggest mistake was treating video games as commodities , rather than creative products . '' Nevertheless , Davis 's leadership of Activision began well . He led the company to a profit in his first year at the helm on strong sales growth , following 16 consecutive quarters of multimillion-dollar losses . The turnaround effort was stymied after a huge damages award for infringement of Magnavox 's original home video game patents was upheld on appeal in 1988 . That year Activision changed its name to Mediagenic , as Davis sought to expand the company 's product lines to non-gaming software . In February 1991 , Robert Kotick , backed by Steve Wynn of Mirage Resorts , staged a successful hostile takeover . Kotick and his team then filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy in cooperation with Magnavox parent company Philips in a leveraged recapitalization of Activision , as it was renamed in 1992 . Kotick replaced Davis in this restructuring . Starting in 1992 , Davis founded and served as president of TV Guide on Screen , a joint venture of News Corporation and TCI that supplied electronic guides and navigational software for the cable television market . The company later merged with Prevue Networks , then with TV Guide . TV Guide later merged with Gemstar International . The resulting Gemstar-TV Guide International was acquired in 2008 by Macrovision . Davis is chairman and CEO of Digimarc . He led Digimarc from start up in 1997 to a more than US$ 100 million public company supplying digital watermarking technologies to national and state governments and to the media industry . He has been chairman of the board since 2002 . A prolific inventor , Davis has been awarded more than 50 patents on television user interface improvements and other innovations in media management and security . In 2003 , Mr. Davis was named Ernst & Young 's Pacific Northwest Entrepreneur Of The Year for the technology category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19780516042414e1d3ef7049dd874c5c", "text": "Robert Parham Robert Parham ( born Robert Dennis Parham , Jr. on January 24 , 1966 ) is a retired American kickboxer and former five time World Kickboxing Champion and former four time Sport Karate Champion . His kickboxing record was 17-1 with 9 knockouts . In his last match , he was stopped by Patrick Barry `` While enlisted in the Air Force , he won the Mississippi 's Silver Gloves championships and in 1988 he began earning karate titles , including Armed Forces Champion , Mississippi State Champion and pre-Olympic Taekwondo Champion . From 1991 to 1993 , he won the National Karate Championship and in 1991 he was the United States Karate Alliance World Karate Champion . He was Sport Karate International 's regional winner in 1990 and 1993 , and world champion in 1991 . In 1993 , he earned the National Black Belt League 's Regional and World Titles and the United States Karate Alliance Lightweight Koshiki World Title . Parham 's karate accomplishments earned him the Air Force 's Air Education and Training Command 's Male Athlete of the Year for 1992 . The award-winning martial artist has claimed world kickboxing titles in five weight classes -- middleweight in 1994 , super middleweight in 1996 , light heavyweight in 1995 and 1997 , cruiserweight in 1997 and heavyweight in 2001 . '' In 1999 , Parham was a feature participant in the inaugural show of the TV series `` The Toughman World Championship on FX '' . He made it to the finals and lost a hotly disputed decision to the local favorite . He has been inducted into the Universal Martial Arts Hall of Fame , the Masters Hall of Fame , the USA Hall of Fame and the Action Martial Arts Hall of Fame for his martial arts accomplishments . After retiring from martial arts competitions , Robert turned to acting , with minor roles in movies such as `` Bad Faith '' , `` The Insider ( film ) '' `` Hand to Hand '' . He had his breakthrough starring role in the upcoming feature `` Buster Jones '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0db73d18e5e3cc97c3873f2de3e2fbf9", "text": "Freestyle nunchaku Freestyle nunchaku refers to the use of the nunchaku weapon ( used in martial arts and popularised by Bruce Lee and other martial artists ) in a more visually stunning , rather than combative way . Nunchaku-do competitions are now held where marks are awarded based upon visual display rather than predefined kata . There is a community of freestyle practitioners from around the world who , through collective experimentation and exploration , have compiled a comprehensive breakdown of freestyle and its parts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51ce39edc943d5a10b79fba2f29a523a", "text": "Licensure Licensure means a restricted practice or a restriction on the use of an occupational title , requiring a license . A license created under a `` practice act '' requires a license before performing a certain activity , such as driving a car on public roads . A license created under a `` title act '' restricts the use of a given occupational title to licensees , but anyone can perform the activity itself under a less restricted title . For example , in Oregon , anyone can practice counseling , but only licensees can call themselves a `` Licensed Professional Counselors . '' Licenses are usually justified to regulate an activity whose incompetent execution would be threat to the public , such as surgery . For some occupations and professions , licensing is often granted through a professional body or a licensing board composed of practitioners who oversee the applications for licenses . This often involves accredited training and examinations , but varies a great deal for different activities and in different countries . Practicing without a license may carry civil or criminal penalties or may be perfectly legal . Occupational licensing is inherently a form of restraint of trade . This can cause conflict with laws forbidding monopolistic practices if the licensing body favors its own licensees in ways that do not clearly protect the public . In the United States , state licensing boards have been successfully prosecuted by the Federal Trade Commission for monopolistic activities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98a2079b0b44e245effbe1b6f948c6ba", "text": "Machinima Machinima ( -LSB- məˈʃiːnᵻmə -RSB- or -LSB- məˈʃɪnᵻmə -RSB- ) is the use of real-time computer graphics engines to create a cinematic production . Most often video games are used to generate the computer animation . Machinima-based artists , sometimes called machinimists or machinimators , are often fan laborers , by virtue of their re-use of copyrighted materials ( see below ) . Machinima offers to provide an archive of gaming performance and access to the look and feel of software and hardware that may already have become unavailable or even obsolete ; for game studies , `` Machinima 's gestures grant access to gaming 's historical conditions of possibility and how machinima offers links to a comparative horizon that informs , changes , and fully participates in videogame culture . '' The practice of using graphics engines from video games arose from the animated software introductions of the 1980s demoscene , Disney Interactive Studios ' 1992 video game Stunt Island , and 1990s recordings of gameplay in first-person shooter ( FPS ) video games , such as id Software 's Doom and Quake . Originally , these recordings documented speedruns -- attempts to complete a level as quickly as possible -- and multiplayer matches . The addition of storylines to these films created `` Quake movies '' . The more general term machinima , a portmanteau of machine cinema , arose when the concept spread beyond the Quake series to other games and software . After this generalization , machinima appeared in mainstream media , including television series and advertisements . Machinima has advantages and disadvantages when compared to other styles of filmmaking . Its relative simplicity over traditional frame-based animation limits control and range of expression . Its real-time nature favors speed , cost saving , and flexibility over the higher quality of pre-rendered computer animation . Virtual acting is less expensive , dangerous , and physically restricted than live action . Machinima can be filmed by relying on in-game artificial intelligence ( AI ) or by controlling characters and cameras through digital puppetry . Scenes can be precisely scripted , and can be manipulated during post-production using video editing techniques . Editing , custom software , and creative cinematography may address technical limitations . Game companies have provided software for and have encouraged machinima , but the widespread use of digital assets from copyrighted games has resulted in complex , unresolved legal issues . Machinima productions can remain close to their gaming roots and feature stunts or other portrayals of gameplay . Popular genres include dance videos , comedy , and drama . Alternatively , some filmmakers attempt to stretch the boundaries of the rendering engines or to mask the original 3-D context . The Academy of Machinima Arts & Sciences ( AMAS ) , a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting machinima , recognizes exemplary productions through Mackie awards given at its annual Machinima Film Festival . Some general film festivals accept machinima , and game companies , such as Epic Games , Blizzard Entertainment and Jagex , have sponsored contests involving it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "738be1ae11fb57dacecd6f8e1e8fbca5", "text": "Tony Lee Tony Lee is a British comics writer , screenwriter , audio playwright , and novelist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2aaef9ad9b8d65733f8f29a2983f0403", "text": "Face (professional wrestling) In professional wrestling , a face ( babyface ) is a heroic or a `` good guy '' wrestler , booked ( scripted ) by the promotion with the aim of being cheered by fans . Faces , traditionally , wrestle within the rules and avoid cheating ( in contrast to the heels who use illegal moves and call in additional wrestlers to do their work for them ) while behaving positively towards the referee and the audience . Such characters are also referred to as blue-eyes in British wrestling , and técnicos in lucha libre . The face character is portrayed as a hero relative to the heel wrestlers , who are analogous to villains . Not everything a face wrestler does must be heroic : faces need only to be cheered by the audience to be effective characters . The vast majority of wrestling storylines involving faces place a face against a heel , although more elaborate set-ups ( such as two faces being manipulated by a nefarious outside party into fighting ) often happen as well . In the world of lucha libre wrestling , they 're generally known for using moves requiring technical skill , particularly aerial maneuvers , and wearing outfits using bright colors with positive associations ( such as solid white ) . This is contrasted with the villainous rudos that are generally known for being brawlers , using physical moves that emphasize brute strength and/or size while often having outfits akin to demons or other nasty characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd1573c8836f4718e798a42d6888adf1", "text": "Carl Lee (actor) Carl Lee ( November 22 , 1926April 17 , 1986 ) , born Carl Vincent Canegata , was an American actor . He was also the son of actor/professional boxer Canada Lee ( 1907 -- 1952 ) . In a 2000 interview , filmmaker James Toback stated , `` In the sort of hip world of New York , Carl Lee was the hip-black-actor icon . He was for hip people what Sidney Poitier was for mainstream people . '' Lee played a heroin dealer , the title role in the Obie Award-winning play The Connection . He later appeared in the film version . Lee , who made his first film appearance in the 1954 film Human Desire , went on to appear in such films as A Man Called Adam in 1966 opposite Sammy Davis , Jr. and Cicely Tyson , and the now classic blaxploitation film Superfly ( with the late Ron O'Neal ) in 1972 . He also appeared in various television roles in such shows as The Defenders , Mannix , and Good Times ( `` Willona 's Surprise '' , 1977 ) in a memorable performance in which he portrayed Willona Woods 's ex-husband Ray , who makes sexual advances towards Thelma ( Bernadette Stanis ) . Lee suffered a heroin addiction which led to his death .", "title": "" } ]	fever
887763d7b205edabea56034bed16d23b	Land Rover makes the Range Rover Evoque.	[ { "docid": "c93619e2b8a58e39593db4a7cc3289dc", "text": "Land Rover Land Rover is a car brand that specialises in four-wheel-drive vehicles , owned by British multinational car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover , which has been owned by India 's Tata Motors since 2008 . The Land Rover is regarded as a British icon , and was granted a Royal Warrant by King George VI in 1951 . The Land Rover name was originally used by the Rover Company for the Land Rover Series , launched in 1948 . It developed into a brand encompassing a range of four-wheel-drive models , including the Defender , Discovery , Freelander , Range Rover , Range Rover Sport , and Range Rover Evoque . Land Rovers are currently assembled in the company 's Halewood and Solihull plants , with research and development taking place at the Gaydon and Whitley engineering centres . Land Rover sold 194,000 vehicles worldwide in 2009 . In September 2013 , Jaguar Land Rover announced plans to open a # 100 million ( US$ 160 million ) research and development centre in the University of Warwick , Coventry to create a next generation of vehicle technologies . The carmaker said around 1,000 academics and engineers would work there and that construction would start in 2014 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2dc12124a8f05e80ad11c29b546c696f", "text": "Mercedes-Benz G-Class The Mercedes-Benz G-Class , sometimes called G-Wagen ( short for Geländewagen , `` cross country vehicle '' ) , is a mid-size four-wheel drive luxury SUV manufactured by Magna Steyr ( formerly Steyr-Daimler-Puch ) in Austria and sold by Mercedes-Benz . In certain markets , it has been sold under the Puch name as Puch G . The G-wagen is characterized by its boxy styling and body-on-frame construction . It uses three fully locking differentials , one of the few vehicles to have such a feature . Despite the introduction of an intended replacement , the unibody SUV Mercedes-Benz GL-Class in 2006 , the G-Class is still in production and is one of the longest produced Mercedes-Benz in Daimler 's history , with a span of 35 years . Only the Unimog surpasses it . The G-class was developed as a military vehicle from a suggestion by the Shah of Iran ( at the time a significant Mercedes shareholder ) to Mercedes and offered as a civilian version in 1979 . In this role it is sometimes referred to as the `` Wolf '' and LAPV Enok . The Peugeot P4 is a variant made under license , with a Peugeot engine and different parts . It was not available from Mercedes-Benz in the United States until 2002 , although this was preceded by a grey-market where even basic models commanded six-figure prices in the 1990s . It was launched in 2002 as the Mercedes-Benz G500 with a V-8 gas engine and achieved 3114 sales that year . This eventually tapered down to some sub-1000 sales years , however , in the 2010s sales began to increase again surpassing 3000 in 2014 and in 2015 it sold more than in its launch year , with 3616 sold that year . In 2016 this increased to 3950 in the United States . Canada saw a similar increase , which , although is a smaller market saw sales increase from 127 in 2012 to over 400 in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5c18463464d7737b0e70c9f0b8c1eb2", "text": "Jaguar 3.4 Litre Jaguar 3.4 Litre may refer to : An automobile produced by Jaguar Cars as part of its Jaguar Mark 1 range between 1957 and 1959 An automobile produced by Jaguar Cars as part of its Jaguar Mark 2 range between 1959 and 1967 3.4 Litre", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8be398bfb109c036eff7ebacd2262b36", "text": "J-segment J-segment is a car classification defined by European Commission as the segment of the sport utility cars ( including off-road vehicles ) . It is increasing in volume year by year in Europe ; in early 2015 , it became the second most popular segment ( behind the C-segment and overtaking the B-segment ) with 21.6 % market share . These cars come in a huge variety of sizes . As SUVs have developed in body style over the years , crossovers are also starting to emerge , a common combination being a hatchback and SUV . They have also gained popularity over the years with celebrities , encouraging large luxury vehicles with an emphasis on comfort , space and a high-ride position . Off-road vehicles also fit into this segment . Typical J-segment vehicles include the BMW X5 , Land Rover Discovery , Mercedes-Benz M-Class , Porsche Cayenne , Range Rover Sport , Volkswagen Touareg , Volvo XC90 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2f6a95a7b751495de859a1570ad0b5b", "text": "Jaguar XJR Jaguar XJR is a nameplate used by Jaguar Cars for several line of vehicles : Jaguar XJR Sportscars , a line of Group C race cars . Several high performance versions of the company 's flagship XJ saloons . XJR", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a14481d2210c520624d2e33ae8ea65af", "text": "Solihull plant Solihull plant is a car manufacturing factory in Lode Lane , Solihull , UK , owned by Jaguar Land Rover .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "490622f045162418d9a5e2e3629de7bd", "text": "Kia Ray For the concept car , see Kia Ray ( concept car ) The Kia Ray EV is a city car manufactured by Kia Motors . The initial roll out was a limited production of 2,500 units destined for the South Korean government fleets , scheduled to be deployed in 2012 . The Ray EV is a predecessor to an all-electric crossover SUV that Kia Motors planned to launch globally in 2014 . In May 2013 a fleet of 184 Kia Ray EVs were deployed in Seoul as part of a carsharing service called `` Electric Vehicle Sharing '' at a rate of per hour . The service has 15,000 registered customers . The Ray has a unique door layout ; the passenger side of the vehicle has a sliding door for the rear seats , while the driver 's side has a swing-out door . The car has boxy dimensions , much like other similarly sized cars , such as the Honda Freed and Suzuki Solio . The Ray 's interior benefits from the square shape , as it has more space than most cars its size ; however , it is only able to seat four people . The Ray EV is the automaker 's first production battery electric vehicle . It is powered by a 50 kW electric motor , with a 16.4 kWh lithium ion battery that allows an all-electric range of 86 mi depending on driving conditions . The Kia Ray is also available in non-EV types equipped with gasoline and bi-fuel with a gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas ( LPG ) combination . Both engines are available in four trims - Deluxe , Special , Luxury and Prestige . Only available in the local Korea domestic market , both engines produce similar power and outputs . The gasoline engine generates 78 PS at 6,400 rpm and 9.6 kg.m / 3,500 rpm . Both engines have displacements of 998 cc , generating fuel economies of 17 km/l for gasoline , and bi-fuel delivering 16.6 km/l on gasoline mode and 13.2 km/l on LPG mode . Gasoline engine models weigh in at 998 kg with bi-fuel models weighing in at 1042 kg . Both are equipped with a 4 speed automatic transmission , and are currently sold in the Republic of Korea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a078efed5d1fb3ee62dd2a63715ed082", "text": "Light Car Company The Light Car Company was a British manufacturer of automobiles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8edc8aaa83b93129a98d0735feca609", "text": "Dellow Dellow cars were made in a factory at Alvechurch , near Birmingham , England between 1949 and 1956 . Dellow Motors Ltd was started by Ken Delingpole and Ron Lowe to produce road-going sports cars for the enthusiast to use in trials , rallies and hill-climbs . A small number of very early cars used Austin 7 chassis as per Ron Lowe 's special , FUY 374 . The other prototypes included OP 3835 owned by Earl `` Mick '' Heighway , HAB 245 ( Eric Penn ) CAB 282 ( Lewis Tracey ) and EDE 384 ( Merrick ) . From 1950 , with scrap Austin 7 's in short supply , an 1172cc Ford 10 engine was utilised in an A-frame chassis with a very light tubular steel framework welded to the chassis and panelled in aluminium , early cars having no doors . The chassis frames were made partly from government surplus chrome-molybdenum rocket tubes , the rockets being RP3 types as used by Hawker Typhoon and Bristol Beaufighter aircraft . The design emphasis was on light weight and a rearward weight bias for trials . Many sporting awards were won by drivers of Dellow cars in the early 1950s , not only in trials but also in other events such as driving tests and hillclimbs . Dellows also took overall honours in the MCC organised Daily Express National Rally and the Circuit of Ireland Rally . Dellow drivers often shone in other forms of motor sport , Tony Marsh from Kinver went on to become RAC Hill Climb Champion on no less than 6 occasions . Peter Collins from Kidderminster , later drove for HWM , BRM and Vanwall , then for Ferrari . Dellow styling was created by Lionel Evans at his Radpanels coachbuilding business in Kidderminster . The car evolved through several variants known as Mk I to Mk V. Early cars had the Ford beam front axle with transverse spring and short Panhard rod , quarter elliptics at the rear and Andre Hartford friction dampers all round . The Ford torque-tube was suitably shortened and the vast majority of cars used the 3-speed Ford gearbox but a very small number of cars ( KOX 300 being one of them ) were produced to customer order with a 4 speed gearbox , from the 10M series Morris . The Ford E93A engines were mildly tuned and many used twin SU 's on a cast alloy ` Dellow ' manifold . However , as an option the factory also offered the car with a Wade-Ventor ( Roots type ) supercharger installation . The MkII saw the introduction of a new and much more robust rear chassis section with coil springs , separate telescopic shock absorbers and a Panhard rod . This stiffer chassis allowed doors to become an optional fitting . The Mk V version was derived from the `` Lightweight '' Dellow ( WRF 81 ) constructed by Tony Marsh for speed events in 1954 . It saw coil springs introduced at the front ( over telescopic dampers ) although still with a one-piece Ford beam axle . About 300 Dellows in total are believed to have been constructed . A new company , Dellow Engineering , based in Oldbury near Birmingham produced a Mk VI - often incorrectly quoted as having a glass fibre body , it too was in fact built with alloy panelling . Very few Mk VI 's were made .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a6cf48d1ddd10133236a1d9cdbc4f93", "text": "Morris FE The Morris FE was a `` 5-ton '' / `` 7-ton '' lorry/truck produced by `` Morris Commercial '' , part of the British Morris Motor Company , between 1955 and 1959 . It closely resembled its predecessor , the Morris FV and this , apart from its forward control configuration , had been in many respects a pre-war design . The Morris FE featured a more modern front grill than the earlier vehicle , however . As the merger between Morris and the Austin Motor Company worked through British Motor Corporation , the merged company , the Morris replaced not merely the Morris FV but also the slightly larger Austin Loadstar . In addition to the `` 5-ton '' version , a `` 7-ton '' version was now offered . As before Pickup truck , Panel van and Tractor unit versions were offered . Customers could also buy the FV in Bare chassis form and obtain specialist bodywork from an appropriate supplier . From 1956 , the `` Morris Commercial '' brand ceased to be used . FEs not badged as Austins were now badged simply as Morrises .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec38cff4e799c2c7fab2152925b66040", "text": "Lexus ES The Lexus ES ( Japanese : レクサス・ ES , Rekusasu ES ) is a series of compact , then mid-size , and later executive car sold by Lexus since 1989 . Six generations of the sedan have been introduced to date , each offering V6 engines and the front-engine , front-wheel-drive layout . The first five generations of the ES were built on the Toyota Camry platform , with the sixth generation more closely related to the Avalon . Manual transmissions were offered until 1993 , a lower-displacement inline-four engine became an option in Asian markets in 2010 , and a gasoline-electric hybrid version was introduced in 2012 . The ES was Lexus ' only front-wheel drive vehicle until 1998 , when the related Lexus RX was introduced , and the sedan occupied the entry-level luxury car segment of the Lexus lineup in North America and other regions until the debut of the Lexus IS in 1999 . The ES name stands for `` Executive Sedan '' . However , some Lexus importers use the backronymic name , `` Elegant Sedan '' . Introduced in 1989 , the first-generation ES 250 was one of two vehicles in Lexus ' debut lineup , the other being the flagship LS 400 . The second-generation ES 300 debuted in 1991 , followed by the third-generation ES 300 in 1996 , and the fourth-generation ES 300/330 in 2001 . The first - through fourth-generation sedans shared body styling elements with Japan-market Toyota sedans , and a domestic market equivalent , the Toyota Windom , was sold until the launch of the fifth-generation ES in 2006 . The word `` Windom '' is a combination of `` win '' and the suffix `` dom '' expresses a state of perpetual victory . The fifth-generation ES , featuring Lexus ' own L-finesse body styling , debuted in early 2006 as a 2007 model . The sixth-generation ES debuted in the first half of 2012 as a 2013 model , and features increased cabin dimensions due to a longer wheelbase which is shared with the full-size Toyota Avalon . Lexus has positioned the ES in the comfort luxury segment , with an emphasis on interior amenities , quietness , and ride quality , in contrast with more firm-riding sport sedans . Buyers seeking more performance-focused models are targeted by the Lexus IS and rival makes , with such models offering a sportier drive with differently tuned suspensions . In Europe , Japan , and other markets where it is not available , the Lexus GS sport sedans occupy the mid-size category in the Lexus lineup . In the United States , the Lexus ES has been the best-selling Lexus sedan for over fifteen years . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14dbdadde4bffab840a73476eba478c2", "text": "List of sport utility vehicles This page lists sports utility vehicles currently in production ( as of 2013 ) as well as past models . The list includes crossover SUVs , Mini SUVs , Compact SUVs and other similar vehicles . Also includes hybrid , luxury , sport or tuned , military , electric and fuel cell versions . Due to confusion , Sport Utility Trucks are also in this list . Note : Many of the vehicles ( both current and past ) are related to other vehicles in the list . A vehicle listed as a ` past model ' may still be in production in an updated form under a different name , it may be listed under that name in the ` currently in production ' section . Also , some vehicles are sold under different marques in different geographical locations , therefore some vehicles may be listed more than once but usually link to the same page . Different states may also classify vehicles differently . What may be considered an SUV in one state , may not in another state . Example ; The Chevrolet Nafees is known as the Chevrolet Zeeyan in Russia and Brazil , and in Australia and New Zealand , it is marketed by GM Holden ( Holden Trax ) . Some images provided below may be pictures of outdated models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a20db91c67854c6069009c3bcac1ce5", "text": "Buick Buick ( -LSB- ` bjuː.ɪk -RSB- ) , formally the Buick Motor Division , is an upscale automobile brand of the American manufacturer General Motors ( GM ) . For much of its existence in the North American market , Buick has been marketed as a premium automobile brand , selling luxury vehicles positioned above GM 's mainstream brands , e.g. Chevrolet , while below the flagship luxury Cadillac division . Buick-branded vehicles are also known for reliability , ranking high for reliability in Consumer Reports ' brand reliability rankings . Buick has the distinction of being the oldest active American marque of automobile , and was the company that established General Motors in 1908 . Before the establishment of General Motors , GM founder William C. Durant had served as Buick 's general manager and major investor . Buick also has the distinction of being the first automobile maker in the world to equip its cars with overhead valve engines , which it did starting in 1904 . In 2015 , Buick sold 1,231,941 vehicles , a record for the brand . The main market is in China , where 80 % of Buick-branded automobiles are sold . Buicks are also sold in the United States , Canada , and Mexico . Since restructuring in 2009 , GM has also started to share technology , vehicles and development between Buick and GM 's European Opel division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a11e6100a507f9067133118d8fed71e6", "text": "Vauxhall Velox The Vauxhall Velox is a six-cylinder automobile which was produced by Vauxhall from 1948 to 1965 . The Velox was a large family car , directly competing in the UK with the contemporary six-cylinder Ford Zephyr , and , to a slightly lesser extent the A90 , A95 , and A110 Austin Westminster models . It was introduced by Vauxhall shortly before the London Motor Show in October 1948 as a successor to the Vauxhall Fourteen . Between 1948 and 1957 the Velox was shared its body with the less powerful four-cylinder Vauxhall Wyvern . From August 1954 through to October 1965 it shared its body with the more luxuriously equipped Vauxhall Cresta , a tradition that ended upon the introduction of the new PC Vauxhalls . The Velox name was discontinued at that time in favour of the more upmarket Cresta name while a new flagship model , the Viscount , was launched . The Velox and its Opel contemporaries are remembered for having mirrored North American styling trends much more closely than other European models of the time . This was particularly apparent following the introduction in 1957 of the PA version of the Velox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "786b470b0211596c1321f7defbe0404c", "text": "Martin Motors Martin Motors is an Italian company headquartered in the Quinto Stampi district of Milan . It was established by Giuseppe Martinelli , to manufacture automobiles , buses and commercial vehicles . The manufacturer 's assembly plant is located in Tunisia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d32a84d7e301ad728e7fc6dfb4bcc85a", "text": "Iveco Iveco , an acronym for Industrial Vehicles Corporation , is an Italian industrial vehicle manufacturing company based in Turin , Italy , and entirely controlled by CNH Industrial Group . It designs and builds light , medium and heavy commercial vehicles , quarry/construction site vehicles , city and intercity buses and special vehicles for applications such as firefighting , off-road missions , the military and civil defence . The name Iveco first appeared in 1975 after a merger of Italian , French and German brands . Its production plants are in Europe , Brazil , Russia , Australia , Africa , Argentina and China , and it has approximately 5,000 points of sales and service in over 160 countries . The worldwide output of the company amounts to around 150,000 commercial vehicles with a turnover of about .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed2cdfd1f149c62d9924025e21478e13", "text": "Cadillac Provoq The Cadillac Provoq is a concept luxury crossover vehicle that was revealed on 8 January 2008 , and manufactured by Cadillac . It was introduced at the 2008 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas , Nevada and is powered by the plug-in hybrid technology first shown in the Chevrolet Volt . For extended range , a hydrogen fuel cell will recharge the Lithium-ion battery and a solar panel will power onboard accessories , such as interior lighting and the audio system . As the Provoq concept uses a hybrid powertrain it is based on the same GM Voltec platform as the Chevrolet Volt . The production car shares with the GM Theta platform with Saab which would get its own CUV , the 9-4X . The production vehicle was originally to be called the Cadillac BRX replacing the Cadillac SRX , but Cadillac did introduce an all-new SRX based on the Provoq .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8dd05822d19dfa34b876a3c733a81f0", "text": "Rover Group The Rover Group plc was the name given in 1986 to the British vehicle manufacturer BL ( formerly British Leyland ) , which had been state-owned company since 1975 . It initially included the Austin Rover Group car business ( comprising the Austin , Rover , Mini and MG marques ) , Land Rover Group , Freight Rover vans and Leyland Trucks . The Rover Group was owned by British Aerospace ( BAe ) from 1988 to 1994 , when BAe sold the remaining car business to the German company BMW . The group was further broken up in 2000 , when Ford acquired the Land Rover division , with the Rover and MG marques continuing with the much smaller MG Rover Group until 2005 . Ownership of the original Rover Group marques is currently split between BMW ( Germany ) , SAIC ( China ) , and Tata Motors ( India ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91c4df465b45007507d5a1a929880300", "text": "MG Sports and Racing Europe MG Sports and Racing Europe Limited was a British automotive company based in Eardiston , Tenbury Wells in Worcestershire . The company was founded by William Riley , who acquired assets of the MG Sport and Racing subsidiary of MG Rover Group after its demise , with the intention of restarting production of the MG XPower SV sportscar , renamed MG XPower WR . The company was registered on 29 January 2007 . In December 2009 , it was reported in the press that no new cars had been manufactured by MG Sports and Racing Europe since its founding , and that employment tribunal proceedings had been initiated by two employees for non-payment of wages . Riley was also arrested by police in 2009 on suspicion of theft of an XPower WR car previously sold to a Canadian businessman who had been working on behalf of the company . The Police charges against Mr William Riley were dropped and he was awarded damages against the police . The case brought by two former employees is under investigation with court cases against both employees for attempting to obtain money for work not carried out . Riley 's use of the `` MG '' trademark resulted in a legal dispute with Nanjing Automobile ( Group ) Corporation , which had also acquired assets of the defunct MG Rover Group . This case was won by Nanjing in February 2010 . Consequently , the company name was changed to Sports and Racing Europe Ltd. in March 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2cc98c31041c045ba7c1b7e90e9965d", "text": "Ford Festiva The Ford Festiva is a subcompact car that was marketed by Ford between 1986 and 2002 . Festiva was sold in Japan , the Americas , and Australasia . The name `` Festiva '' is derived from the Spanish word for `` festive '' . It was not related to the similarly sized and named Ford Fiesta , and was not replaced by the Ford Ka , which is smaller . Designed by Mazda using the DA platform and B series inline-four engines , the Festiva continued the trend of Fords built and designed by Mazda for the Asia-Pacific market such as the Laser and Telstar . South Korean first generation sales began in 1987 under the name Kia Pride , assembled by Kia under license . Australasia and Europe received the first version between 1987 and 1991 as the `` Mazda 121 '' . After 1991 , Australasian sales occurred under the `` Ford Festiva '' name , while European sales continued under the name `` Kia Pride '' . Kia ended production of the Pride in 2000 , although SAIPA of Iran has produced this model in various forms since 2001 . This ongoing production has been in parallel to the second generation Festiva introduced in 1993 , sold as the Ford Aspire in North America and Kia Avella in South Korea and other markets . Although these second generations models were withdrawn in 2000 , a third generation was sold between 1996 and 2002 in Japan as a badge-engineered version of the Mazda Demio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae4d4b4618e6411dec07220ecc2b7541", "text": "Rover Meteor The Rover Meteor was a short-lived 2 1/2 - litre or 2-litre medium-sized car made by The Rover Company Limited of Meteor Works Coventry . The new 2 1/2 - litre model was announced in mid-February 1930 to supplement Rover 's Light Twenty which used the same engine and essentially the same chassis . A 2-litre car , a further variant of Rover 's Light Twenty was announced in July 1932 . Under fiscal rating it was a 16 horsepower car and it was renamed Rover Speed Sixteen in mid-1934 but under either name was out of production before April 1935 . The first Meteor was announced a few months into the depression . It is difficult to establish whether models remained in the catalogue from continuing production or they were unsold stock . However it should be remembered it was in this period Rover returned to profit . The name Meteor was abandoned during 1934 , the products remaining in Rover 's catalogue as Rover Sixteen ( a four-door saloon ) and Rover Speed Twenty ( a four-seater sports tourer ) , and in due course they were replaced in the summer of 1936 by the new designs now referred to as P2 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0327b74a7410959de1699e38d1233039	Gilmore Girls is a show.	[ { "docid": "cb9d228db5184278e1c98692657be65b", "text": "Gilmore Girls Gilmore Girls is an American comedy-drama television series created by Amy Sherman-Palladino starring Lauren Graham and Alexis Bledel . Sherman-Palladino , her husband Daniel Palladino , David S. Rosenthal , and Gavin Polone served as the executive producers . The series debuted on October 5 , 2000 , on The WB and remained a tent-pole to the network until its move to The CW on September 26 , 2006 . The series originally ran for seven seasons and ended its run on May 15 , 2007 . The show follows single mother Lorelai Gilmore ( Graham ) and her daughter Rory ( Bledel ) , living in the fictional town of Stars Hollow , Connecticut . The town is filled with colorful characters and is located approximately 30 minutes from Hartford , Connecticut . The series explores issues of family , friendship and romance , as well as generational divides and social class . Ambition , education , work , love , family , and questions of class constitute some of the series ' central concerns . The show 's social commentary manifests most clearly in Lorelai 's difficult relationship with her wealthy , appearance-obsessed parents , Emily and Richard Gilmore , and in Rory 's interactions with the students at the Chilton Academy , and later , Yale University . Gilmore Girls was released to critical acclaim . It featured fast-paced dialogue filled with pop-culture references . It won one Emmy Award for makeup in 2004 . The show placed 32 on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list , and was listed as one of Time magazine 's `` All-TIME 100 TV Shows '' in 2007 . In 2016 , the main cast and Sherman-Palladino returned for a four-part miniseries revival titled Gilmore Girls : A Year in the Life , which streamed on Netflix .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a41f2de05a5433ba0b60172d9b39b7c6", "text": "Along Comes Mary (Pretty Little Liars) `` Along Comes Mary '' is the fifth episode of the seventh season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars , which aired on July 16 , 2016 , on the cable network Freeform . The hundred and forty-fifth episode on the series , it was directed by Norman Buckley and written by Bryan M. Holdman . The episode received a Nielsen rating of 0.6 and was viewed by 1.17 million viewers . It received mixed to positive reviews from critics . The series focuses on a group of five women , collectively known as Liars , whose receive anonymous messages in form of threats from an unknown person , while they struggle to survive a life with danger . In this episode , the girls come together to find out who is the partner of the deceased Elliott Rollins -- or Archer Dunhill . Aria ( Lucy Hale ) and Ezra 's ( Ian Harding ) relationship takes a new step , and the same happens with Emily ( Shay Mitchell ) and Sabrina ( Lulu Brud ) . Meanwhile , Spencer ( Troian Bellisario ) teams up with Hanna ( Ashley Benson ) to find out where Caleb is , and Jenna ( Tammin Sursok ) befriends Sara ( Dre Davis ) , putting them on the top of the list of suspects . An old inhabitant returns to Rosewood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07cd83192e2fa12eba1d135cfbd1198e", "text": "Neighbours Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 . It was created by TV executive Reg Watson , who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together . Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson 's Sons and Daughters , which aired on the network . Although successful in Melbourne , Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it . The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten . After taking over production of the show , the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them . Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986 , taking off where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171 . Neighbours has since become the longest running drama series in Australian television and in 2005 , it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . On 11 January 2011 , Neighbours moved to Ten 's digital channel , Eleven . The show 's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough , a fictional suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The series primarily centres on the residents of Ramsay Street , a short cul-de-sac , and its neighbouring area , the Lassiters complex , which includes a bar , hotel , cafe , police station , lawyers ' office and park . Neighbours began with three families created by Watson -- the Ramsays , the Robinsons and the Clarkes . Watson said that he wanted to show three families who are friends living in a small street . The Robinsons and the Ramsays had a long history and were involved in an ongoing rivalry . Pin Oak Court , in Vermont South , is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street since 1985 . All of the houses featured are real and the residents allow the production to shoot external scenes in their yards . The interior scenes are filmed at the Global Television studios in Forest Hill . Through its entire run in Australia , Neighbours has been screened as a twenty-two-minute episode each week night in an early-evening slot . In Australia it is currently broadcast each weeknight at 6:30 pm on Eleven . The show is produced by FremantleMedia and has been sold to over sixty countries around the world , making it one of Australia 's most successful media exports . Neighbours was first screened in the United Kingdom in October 1986 on BBC1 where it achieved huge popularity among British audiences in the late 1980s and 1990s . In 2008 , it moved to the UK 's Channel 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ecb4d55c80fc03943eb6e68a7da726d", "text": "Related Related is an American comedy-drama series that aired on The WB network during the 2005-2006 television season . It revolved around the lives of four close-knit sisters - of Italian descent , raised in Brooklyn - living in New York City . The show was created by former Sex and the City writer Liz Tuccillo , and executive produced by Friends co-creator Marta Kauffman . Despite heavy promotion , initial ratings did not warrant the show being picked up for a second season when The WB network was folded into The CW . The untitled Related theme song is sung by The Veronicas , whose music was regularly featured in episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4deb4e37bcd4195a0c3c2a8a9d801256", "text": "Gossip Girl (season 1) The first season of Gossip Girl , an American teen drama based upon the book series by Cecily von Ziegesar . Developed for television by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage . Airing on The CW from September 19 , 2007 till May 19 , 2008 with 18 episodes . It tells the story of Serena van der Woodsen 's return to Manhattan 's Upper East Side in New York City following her mysterious disappearance to boarding school in Connecticut , while being watched by gossip website Gossip Girl . The first thirteen episodes of Gossip Girl aired in the U.S. on Wednesdays at 9:00 p.m. on The CW , a terrestrial television network . With the exception of the twelfth episode `` School Lies , '' the first thirteen episodes aired on CTV Television Network one day prior to their US airdate . Following the 100-day writers strike , the remainder of the season aired on Mondays at 8:00 p.m. . The season was released on DVD as a five disc boxed set under the title of Gossip Girl : The Complete First Season on August 19 , 2008 by Warner Home Video . The pilot episode was made available as a free download registered users of the U.S. iTunes Store prior to its premiere on television . Following episodes became available to purchase following their original airing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfb9d6617a642ee30681290ae5410477", "text": "Lost Girl (season 5) Lost Girl is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12 , 2010 . The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc. , with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund ( Canada Media Fund ) , and in association with Shaw Media . It follows the life of a bisexual succubus named Bo , played by Anna Silk , as she learns to control her superhuman abilities , help those in need , and discover the truth about her origins . On February 27 , 2014 , Showcase and Shaw Media announced the renewal for a fifth and final season , with production starting in spring and the season set to air Fall 2014 . On August 25 , 2014 , Showcase announced that season 5 would be the last , with the original 13-episode order increased to 16 final episodes and the season divided into Part 1 and Part 2 . In the United States , on March 3 , 2015 , Syfy announced the premiere of season 5 on April 17 , 2015 , at 10 p.m. , with the show 's broadcast day changed to Friday . The time slot was afterwards changed to Thursday at 10 p.m. effective May 21 , with episode `` Clear Eyes , Fae Hearts '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d207e820ec0ed7928ffea5e49946c60", "text": "Wedding Bell Blues (Gilmore Girls) `` Wedding Bell Blues '' is the thirteenth episode of the fifth season of the American comedy-drama series Gilmore Girls and the show 's 100th episode overall . Written and directed by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino , the episode was originally broadcast on The WB in the United States on February 8 , 2005 . The episode features the renewal of vows by Emily ( Kelly Bishop ) and Richard Gilmore ( Edward Herrmann ) . Their daughter Lorelai Gilmore ( Lauren Graham ) and their granddaughter Rory Gilmore ( Alexis Bledel ) serve as maid of honor and best man , respectively . `` Wedding Bell Blues '' received positive reviews from television critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77ae8b021d1611a2bee6b52f67249473", "text": "Pilot (Glee) `` Pilot '' is the pilot episode of the American television series Glee , which premiered on the Fox network on May 19 , 2009 . An extended director 's cut version aired on September 2 , 2009 . The show focuses on a high school show choir , also known as a glee club , set within the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima , Ohio . The pilot episode covers the formation of the club and introduces the main characters . The episode was directed by series creator Ryan Murphy , and written by Murphy , Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan . Murphy selected the music featured in the episode , with the intention of maintaining a balance between showtunes and chart hits . The episode achieved 9.619 million viewers on first broadcast , and 4.2 million when the director 's cut version aired . Critical response was mixed , with The New York Times Alessandra Stanley highlighting the episode 's unoriginality and stereotyped characters , but praising the showmanship and talent of the cast . The Daily News David Hinckley opined that the show was imperfect and implausible but `` potentially heartwarming , '' while USA Today Robert Bianco noted casting and tone problems , but commented positively on the show 's humor and musical performances . Mary McNamara for the LA Times wrote that the show had a wide audience appeal , calling it : `` the first show in a long time that 's just plain full-throttle , no-guilty-pleasure-rationalizations-necessary fun . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12c07b57b12648d84f747e2d7ac7f150", "text": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( often shortened to Secret Life ) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton . It first season aired on ABC Family on July 1 , 2008 and ran until June 3 , 2013 . The show was renewed for four additional seasons . The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting , but was well received among female and teenage viewers . The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers , a record previously held by Kyle XY . The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers , beating that night 's episode of Gossip Girl , which had less than half its usual number of viewers . Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers , the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series , posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers ; in adults 18 -- 34 it was the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 , with more than three million viewers watching . The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season , and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4f89a185428499cd8c5c9eca55db5f5", "text": "Cheerleader Nation Cheerleader Nation is a US television series based on the Paul Laurence Dunbar High School cheerleading team 's ups and downs on the way to Nationals , of which they are the three-time champions . The show also explains how cheerleading is an intense physical activity . It takes place in Lexington , Kentucky . The team is on a quest to win a third National Championship . It was broadcast on the channel Lifetime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce483a459b567e1231af6414a7718469", "text": "The Golden Girls (season 5) The fifth season of The Golden Girls premiered on NBC on September 23 , 1989 , and concluded on May 5 , 1990 . The season consisted of 26 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "827c1091ad7cb0d56518e829d1f16bf4", "text": "Good Girls (TV series) Good Girls is an upcoming American crime drama television series created by Jenna Bans , who will co-executive produce with Dean Parisot ( who will direct the pilot ) and Jeannine Renshaw for Universal Television , slated to air on NBC as a mid season entry for the 2017 -- 18 United States network television schedule .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "130b8c7d67768a7a7e04ed98d6992cae", "text": "List of Jane the Virgin episodes Jane the Virgin is an American comedy-drama television series that premiered on The CW on October 13 , 2014 . The series follows Jane Villanueva , a hard-working , religious young Latina woman whose family tradition and a vow to save her virginity until marriage is shattered when a doctor mistakenly artificially inseminates her during a checkup . To make matters worse , the biological donor is a married man , a former playboy and cancer survivor who is not only the new owner of the hotel where Jane works , but was also her former teenage crush . On October 21 , 2014 , the show was given a full season order . On January 11 , 2015 , the show was renewed for a second season , On March 11 , 2016 , the show was renewed for a third season . On January 8 , 2017 , the show was renewed for a fourth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c56e8a8a8f22057a3e221572f027904", "text": "Girls Versus Suits `` Girls Versus Suits '' is the 12th episode of the fifth season of the CBS situation comedy How I Met Your Mother and the show 's 100th episode overall . It originally aired on January 11 , 2010 . The episode features a fantasy musical number , `` Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit '' , performed by Neil Patrick Harris , which was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e5ba46248f1cfc346148d37dd812a39", "text": "List of Once Upon a Time episodes Once Upon a Time is an American fairy tale drama television series created by Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz , who also serve as executive producers alongside Steve Pearlman . It debuted on ABC on October 23 , 2011 . The first season introduces a bail bond agent , Emma Swan ( Jennifer Morrison ) and her birth-son , Henry Mills ( Jared S. Gilmore ) , who discover that a New England town named Storybrooke , Maine is actually a remnant of a parallel world that was cursed by Henry 's adoptive mother the Evil Queen/Mayor Regina Mills ( Lana Parrilla ) and that all the characters from the fairy tales have no memories of who they were , including the parents of Emma : Snow White/Mary Margaret Blanchard ( Ginnifer Goodwin ) and Prince Charming/David Nolan ( Josh Dallas ) , who sent her to the real world to save their world and break the curse . On May 11 , 2017 , the series was renewed for a seventh season of 22 episodes , which will feature a `` soft '' reboot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87bf8e0ed509856ee42ed1c231f23acf", "text": "G2G (TV series) G2G : Got to Go , is an animated television series co-produced by Moody Street Kids ( Australia ) and March Entertainment ( Canada ) . The series focuses on the life of a preteen girl , Maddison Marples-Macintosh , who assumes the role of an online advice columnist on her school 's website . The original series ran for 26 half-hour episodes , and premiered on the Nine Network in Australia in 2008 . In 2010 , the show began airing on CBC Television in Canada . The network also published an online game associated with the series , called G2G : Extra Credit . The show typically begins with Maddison receiving an e-mail on her PDA about the troubles of anonymous students in her school and her trying to give that person advice , while ironically facing a problem nearly identical to the one described in the e-mail , which often ends up giving her the answer she needs to help the troubled sender .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11d51dbc3dad69629c8063ac955d8610", "text": "Girlboss Girlboss is an American comedy web television series created by Kay Cannon . The first season was released on Netflix on April 21 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38018e1c035985c8a5fac547c9b57e3b", "text": "Gossip Girl: Acapulco Gossip Girl : Acapulco is a Mexican teen drama television series , based on the American television series Gossip Girl . It was produced by El Mall and Warner Brothers International Television , with Pedro Torres serving as executive producer for the series . The first and only season , consisting of 25 episodes , debuted on the pay TV channel Golden Premier in Mexico on August 5 , 2013 . The television show was then broadcast in the United States on UniMás starting September 20 , 2013 , and on free-to-air channel Canal 5 starting November 11 , 2013 . The series starred Sofía Sisniega , Oka Giner , Diego Amozurrutia , Margarita Muñoz , Jon Ecker , Vadhir Derbez , and Macarena Achaga as the principal cast members . It was nominated as best series at the Premios TVyNovelas 2014 , but did n't win .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3080219946bc0f8be1a86bb0d1fb6512	2001: A Space Odyssey was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and gained much fame.	[ { "docid": "27d198178276cdf2f38f0284f37e25b2", "text": "2001: A Space Odyssey (film) 2001 : A Space Odyssey is a 1968 epic science-fiction film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick . The screenplay was written by Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke , partially inspired by Clarke 's short story `` The Sentinel '' . Clarke concurrently wrote the novel 2001 : A Space Odyssey , published soon after the film was released . The film follows a voyage to Jupiter with the sentient computer Hal after the discovery of a mysterious black monolith affecting human evolution . It deals with the themes of existentialism , human evolution , technology , artificial intelligence , and extraterrestrial life . It is noted for its scientifically accurate depiction of space flight , pioneering special effects , and ambiguous imagery . It uses sound and minimal dialogue in place of traditional narrative techniques ; the soundtrack consists of classical music such as Gayane Ballet Suite , The Blue Danube , Also sprach Zarathustra , and pieces from contemporary composer György Ligeti . 2001 : A Space Odyssey was financed and distributed by American studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , but it was filmed and edited almost entirely in England using the studio facilities of the MGM-British Studios and those of Shepperton Studios , mostly because of the availability of much larger sound stages than in the United States . Production was subcontracted to Kubrick 's production company , and care was taken that the film would be sufficiently British to qualify for subsidy from the Eady Levy . Kubrick had shot his previous two films in England and decided to settle there permanently during filming . 2001 : A Space Odyssey initially received mixed reactions from critics and audiences , but it garnered a cult following and slowly became the highest-grossing North American film of 1968 . It was nominated for four Academy Awards and received one for its visual effects . The sequel 2010 was released in 1984 , directed by Peter Hyams . Today , 2001 : A Space Odyssey is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential films ever made . In 1991 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . The critics ' polls in the 2002 and 2012 editions of Sight & Sound magazine ranked 2001 : A Space Odyssey sixth in the top ten films of all time ; it also tied for second place in the directors ' poll of the same magazine . In 2010 , it was named the greatest film of all time by The Moving Arts Film Journal .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c5cdcf6dd2b9b695e290d5be8515e9a6", "text": "Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . '' The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02", "text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fadccb571e7a164e402b1eabbb9b82b", "text": "Odyssey Productions Odyssey Productions ( formerly Odyssey Visual Design ) is the former name of a California-based photography and 3-D computer animation company founded in 1983 by Steven Churchill in partnership with Adrian Turcotte . It was the first San Diego company to produce 3-D computer animation and its clients have included Coca-Cola , General Dynamics , Union Oil , Southwestern Cable , Metrocast , Honda , and a number of TV stations across the country . While Odyssey focused primarily on 35mm back-lit motion graphics and special effects for the first 5 years of its existence , its award-winning release of the world 's first home entertainment video of computer animation , State Of the Art Of Computer Animation in 1988 brought about a shift in focus to 3D computer animation . The accolades and sales successes achieved by State Of the Art Of Computer Animation prompted the 1990 release of The Mind 's Eye : A Computer Animation Odyssey , a title that would become the first member of the successful The Mind 's Eye series . The next decade ( 1990 -- 2000 ) would be taken up almost entirely with the production of 19 feature-length 3-D computer animated package films for home release . The company 's name became Odyssey Productions in 1995 and the last 12 3D computer animated films were released under this name . In 2003 the company again changed its name to AnimationTrip and broadened its focus to encompass photography to a greater extent . Under this new corporate name , the company added a business enterprise in 2004 focused primarily on photographic art and has launched a series of international art exhibitions in San Diego , California called the Art of Photography Show and the Art of Digital Show . Since 2006 , exhibiting photographic art and promoting photo artists has been the full focus of the business . In 2010 the company was named PhotoCulture , Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3ea7c1fdc30a9895e36d1bdf5e4f4fc", "text": "Golden Age of Mexican cinema The Golden Age of Mexican cinema ( in Spanish Época de Oro del Cine Mexicano ) is a period in the history of the Cinema of Mexico between 1936 and 1959 when the Mexican film industry reached high levels of production , quality and economic success of its films , besides having gained recognition internationally . The Mexican film industry became the center of commercial films in Latin America . The Golden Age began symbolically with the film Vámonos con Pancho Villa ( 1935 ) , directed by Fernando de Fuentes . In 1939 , during World War II , the film industry in the US and Europe decline , because the materials previously destined for film production now were for the new arms industry . Many countries began to focus on making films about war , leaving the opportunity to Mexico , to produce commercial films for the Mexican and Latin American markets . This cultural environment favored the emergence of a new generation of directors and actors considered to date , icons in Mexico and in Hispanic countries and Spanish-speaking audiences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "885262934b2501d4cc2fbc70c8e96539", "text": "Filmography and awards of Stanley Kubrick Stanley Kubrick directed 13 feature films and three short documentaries over the course of his career , from Day of the Fight in 1951 to Eyes Wide Shut in 1999 . Many of Kubrick 's films were nominated for Academy Awards or Golden Globes , but his only personal win of an Academy Award was for his work as director of special effects on 2001 : A Space Odyssey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e17561bd9b83407288c4c475810f5c81", "text": "MGM (disambiguation) MGM is Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , an American media and film company . MGM may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a3fc8786895e87624acbf774f04f73e", "text": "Film poster A film poster is a poster used to promote and advertise a film . Studios often print several posters that vary in size and content for various domestic and international markets . They normally contain an image with text . Today 's posters often feature photographs of the main actors . Prior to the 1990s , illustrations instead of photos were far more common . The text on film posters usually contains the film title in large lettering and often the names of the main actors . It may also include a tagline , the name of the director , names of characters , the release date , etc. . Film posters are displayed inside and on the outside of movie theaters , and elsewhere on the street or in shops . The same images appear in the film exhibitor 's pressbook and may also be used on websites , DVD ( and historically VHS ) packaging , flyers , advertisements in newspapers and magazines , etc. . Film posters have been used since the earliest public exhibitions of film . They began as outside placards listing the programme of ( short ) films to be shown inside the hall or movie theater . By the early 1900s , they began to feature illustrations of a film scene or an array of overlaid images from several scenes . Other posters have used artistic interpretations of a scene or even the theme of the film , represented in a wide variety of artistic styles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "301cb3947d13ca9447bdd8ca08d2c00e", "text": "Infinity Records Infinity Records was a short-lived subsidiary of MCA Records established in New York City in 1978 . The label was conceived by MCA president Sidney Sheinberg as a way for the Los Angeles-based entertainment conglomerate to improve its presence on the East Coast . Ron Alexenberg , who had previously been the head of the Epic Records division of CBS Records ( now part of Sony Music Entertainment ) was hired as CEO . The biggest hit the Infinity label had was `` Escape '' by Rupert Holmes , which was number 1 at the end of 1979 . Other acts that had chart entries on Infinity included Dobie Gray , Hot Chocolate , New England , Orleans and Spyro Gyra . Under the distribution of MCA , the Infinity Records label released titles in the US , Canada , the UK , Japan and parts of Europe . Infinity spent lavishly but failed to earn a profit . In addition to developing new talent , Infinity also paid substantial sums to acquire established artists . Most of the established artists were unable to duplicate their previous success . In October 1979 , Infinity released Pope John Paul II Sings at the Festival of Sacrosong , an album of speeches and songs sung by Pope John Paul II in his native Polish . Due to the tremendous popularity of the new Pope , Infinity thought the record would be a major hit . The company paid a substantial fee ( which went to charity ) to the Catholic Church to obtain exclusive rights to the recording . The album briefly peaked at # 126 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , however , it received poor reviews and was quickly seen as a colossal failure . Most of the one million advance copies of the John Paul II album were returned unsold to the label , producing a huge financial loss . MCA pulled the plug on Infinity Records in November 1979 , and the Infinity catalog was immediately absorbed by the parent company . Rupert Holmes and Spyro Gyra were the only Infinity acts to be retained by MCA , and most of the label 's catalog went out of print . The collapse of Infinity also coincided with rising costs of manufacturing for vinyl LP records and a huge sales slump for the music industry . Infinity has since become known as one of the most expensive failures in the history of the record business . There are at least two other smaller record labels that also have used the name Infinity Records . One of these other labels was a subsidiary of Festival Records , which for many years was Australia 's leading independent record company , but is now also defunct . Other companies with the Infinity Records name do not have an affiliation with MCA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f1b2980625cf400259f4c4e0bac5953", "text": "The Lost Worlds of 2001 The Lost Worlds of 2001 is a 1972 book by Arthur C. Clarke , published by Signet as an accompaniment to the novel 2001 : A Space Odyssey . The book itself consists in part of behind-the-scenes notes from Clarke concerning scriptwriting ( and rewriting ) , as well as production issues . The core of the book , however , is contained in excerpts from the proto-novel and an early screenplay that did not make it into the final version . Alternative settings for launch preparation , the EVA scene where astronaut Frank Poole is lost , and varying dialogues concerning the HAL 9000 unit are all featured in the book . Also included is the original short story `` The Sentinel '' upon which 2001 is loosely based .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a69a9db544dfebd1ceab0575d8154cf", "text": "Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to . Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified . The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83ff0526c7dba12a302a6e88f124aa57", "text": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers ( SMPTE ( -LSB- ˈsɪmptiː -RSB- , rarely -LSB- ˈsʌmptiː -RSB- ) , founded in 1916 as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers or SMPE , is an international professional association , based in the United States of America , of engineers working in the motion imaging industries . An internationally recognized standards organizations , SMPTE has more than 600 Standards , Recommended Practices , and Engineering Guidelines for television production , filmmaking , digital cinema , audio recording , information technology , and medical imaging . In addition to development and publication of technical standard documents , SMPTE publishes the SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal , provides networking opportunities for its members , produces academic conferences and exhibitions , and performs other industry-related functions . SMPTE Membership is open to any individual or organization with interest in the subject matter . SMPTE standards documents are copyrighted and may be purchased from the SMPTE website , or other distributors of technical standards . Standard documents may be purchased by the general public . Significant standards promulgated by SMPTE include : All film and television transmission formats and media , including digital . Physical interfaces for transmission of television signals and related data ( such as SMPTE time code and the Serial Digital Interface ) ( SDI ) SMPTE color bars Test card patterns and other diagnostic tools The Material eXchange Format , or MXF SMPTE 's educational and professional development activities include technical presentations at regular meetings of its local Sections , annual and biennial conferences in the US and Australia and the SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal . The society sponsors many awards , the oldest of which are the SMPTE Progress Medal , the Samuel Warner Memorial Medal , and the David Sarnoff Medal . SMPTE also has a number of student Chapters and sponsors scholarships for college students in the motion imaging disciplines . Related organizations include National Television System Committee ( NTSC ) Moving Picture Experts Group ( MPEG ) ITU Radiocommunication Sector ( formerly known as the CCIR ) ITU Telecommunication Sector ( formerly known as the CCITT ) Digital Video Broadcasting BBC Research Department European Broadcasting Union ( EBU )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced92633f439d5c396a95766bc8e219b", "text": "National General Pictures National General Corporation ( NGC ) was a theater chain holding company , film distribution and production company and was considered one of the `` instant majors '' . It was in operation from 1951 to 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b41f99cde0b5e62d973e041813ea211", "text": "Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide . The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting . In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 . The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount . Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night . Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City . Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c89bb83ccb2ffdfdc64bf83d3ebe5226", "text": "The Last Time I Saw Paris For the 1942 book , see Elliot Paul . The Last Time I Saw Paris is a 1954 romantic drama made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . It is loosely based on F. Scott Fitzgerald 's short story `` Babylon Revisited . '' It was directed by Richard Brooks , produced by Jack Cummings and filmed on locations in Paris and the MGM backlot . The screenplay was by Julius J. Epstein , Philip G. Epstein and Richard Brooks . The film starred Elizabeth Taylor and Van Johnson in his last role for MGM , with Walter Pidgeon , Donna Reed , Eva Gabor , Kurt Kasznar , George Dolenz , Sandy Descher , Odette , and ( a then-unknown ) Roger Moore in his Hollywood debut . The film 's title song , by composer Jerome Kern and lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II , was already a classic when the movie was made and inspired the movie 's title . Though the song had already won an Oscar after its film debut in 1941 's Lady Be Good , it is featured much more prominently in The Last Time I Saw Paris . It can be heard in many scenes , either being sung by Odette or being played as an instrumental . The film was released in 1954 ; however , there was an error with the Roman numerals in the copyright notice showing `` MCMXLIV '' ( 1944 ) , meaning the term of copyright started 10 years before the film was released . Thus , the normal 28-year copyright term ended just 18 years after the film was released , and MGM neglected to renew it presumably because they believed there was still 10 years left in the term . The film entered the public domain in the United States in 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1614f1400abc723a4153217675a12a8d", "text": "Samuel Goldwyn Theater The Samuel Goldwyn Theatre is a screening-only movie theater named after filmmaker Samuel Goldwyn . It is located at 8949 Wilshire Boulevard , Beverly Hills , California , at headquarters of The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) . The Academy uses this theater each January most years to announce the nominations for its Academy Awards .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b2b9b5e938d4106669007e14ebcb85d7	Eva Longoria is a performer.	[ { "docid": "9212046d269e0a7a6545ce06459af484", "text": "Eva Longoria Eva Longoria Bastón ( born Eva Jacqueline Longoria ; March 15 , 1975 ) is an American actress , producer , director , activist and businesswoman . After a series of guest roles on several television series , Longoria was first recognized for her portrayal of Isabella Braña on the CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless , on which she starred from 2001 to 2003 . She is perhaps best known for her role as Gabrielle Solis on the ABC television series Desperate Housewives , which ran from 2004 to 2012 and for which she received Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations . She has also appeared in Harsh Times ( 2005 ) , The Sentinel ( 2006 ) , and Over Her Dead Body ( 2008 ) . From 2015 to 2016 , Longoria starred as Ana Sofia Calderón on the short-lived NBC sitcom Telenovela , and served as an executive producer for the Lifetime television series Devious Maids . Longoria has also appeared in several advertising campaigns and has been named one of Hollywood 's most beautiful women by several publications , including People en Español and People magazines . She currently holds contracts with L'Oréal , Hanes , and New York & Co , among others .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c865b086a3607815cdb07fde783c4e06", "text": "Young Artist Award The Young Artist Award ( originally known as the Youth in Film Award ) is an accolade bestowed by the Young Artist Association , a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers , and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically and/or financially challenged . First presented in 1979 , the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film , television , theater and music . The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979 , at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season . The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony , honoring young performers of 2016 , was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles , California on March 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc61bbc03a8830922da4eab2f3f25343", "text": "New York Competition of Dramatic Arts The New York Competition of Dramatic Arts ( NYCODA ) is an Annual Performance Festival and Competition for actors , located in New York City . NYCODA , established in the spring of 2008 , is becoming known for its appeal to both amateur and professional actors , but with a wider appeal to other areas of the performing arts . The company flew below the radar for a while , but is fast becoming known on the New York Performance Arts scene , and being identified as uniquely Brooklyn . In fact , many are calling it a Brooklyn movement of performance artists and a haven for the aspiring actor . NYCODA was established as an annual performance festival and competition , where actors can compete in different genres , such as Shakespearean Drama , Dramatic Duologue , Humorous Verse and Open Reading . Actors compete in these categories , with the Open Reading category a favorite , because the actor has freedom to choose what to perform . In fact , many actors write and perform their own work in this category . The NYCODA competition is typically held in the Fall of each year in the New York City borough of Brooklyn . Contestants submit samples of their performances , typically monologues , via the company 's website . The contestants are chosen months in advance , and are notified by the Summer preceding the Fall event . The festival is a one-day event and category winners are chosen at the end of the night and presented with some of the most sought after awards in the industry , with the biggest award , The NYCODA Actor Award going to the overall winner of the festival . The event is recorded for television purposes . While the NYCODA festival primarily features competing actors , many other performance artists are included . Dancers , singers and other performers help add to the rich and complex texture of the event , and now the festival is being called the Sundance Festival of Brooklyn and the buzz is already alive in the community of aspiring actors , who see the festival and competition as another outlet to have their skills recognized and an opportunity to perform live on stage in front of a large audience . Many noteworthy organizations are already in line to endorse the NYCODA movement , and to applaud it as the festival for which New York has long waited . The company has begun to develop an international outlook and has begun partnering with international agencies , in Africa and Europe . Through their international program , NYCODA welcomes actors and performance artists from all over the country and all over the world , and some NYCODA contestants have the opportunity to perform internationally as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59b206e62cb9190027f5135056804454", "text": "Professional performances Professional performances , as opposed to amateur performances , are those in which performers receive payment for their performances . Professional performances are engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work . A professional actor is someone who derives income by participating in professional performances . A professional theatre company auditions actors to perform in their professional theatre . The company sells tickets ; actors receive payment for their performances . This is the same for musicians , dancers , comedians . Also see : professional sports . A professional performer is a person in a profession that requires certain types of skilled work requiring formal training or education . In western nations , such as the United States , the term commonly describes highly educated , salaried workers , who enjoy considerable work autonomy , economic security , a comfortable salary , and are commonly engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work . A professional athlete is someone who derives income by participating in competitive sports . Sometimes also called `` commercial grade '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6527355a0a835a8c548a48585d4e77a", "text": "Eva Bella Eva Bella is an American child actress and voice actress . Eva Bella ( born Eva Bella Kushner ) was born in Omaha , Nebraska on June 4 , 2003 . She has been acting since the age of seven , her first role was for a television commercial . She has had roles in several movies and television shows since then most notably , as the voice of young Elsa in Frozen and as Shimmer in Shimmer and Shine . She will return as young Elsa in Frozen 's sequel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6550c75b612de5aa860f376e061727a", "text": "Premio Lo Nuestro 2003 Premio Lo Nuestro 2003 was the 15th anniversary of the awards . the show was hosted by Mexican presenters Marco Antonio Regil and Adal Ramones . Juanes , Thalía , Marc Anthony , Pilar Montenegro , Sin Bandera , Banda el Recodo and other Latin music greats gave electrifying performances . In the show , there was 36 awards winners with 135 nominations . In Pop genre , Awards was given for : Album of the Year , Best Male Artist , Best Female Artist , Best Group or duo , Best New Artist and Song of the Year . In Rock Genre : Best Rock Album and Best rock Performer of the Year . In Tropical genre : Best Tropical Album of the Year , Best Tropical Male Artist , Best Tropical Female Artist , Best Tropical Group or Duo of the Year , Best Tropical New Artist , Tropical Song of the Year , Best Merengue Performance , Best Salsa Performance and Best Traditional Performance . Juanes was the biggest winner of night , took home four awards Best Pop Male Artist , Best Music Video , Best Rock Performance , and Pop Song of the Year . In the Regional Mexican , Pilar Montenegro took three awards for Regional Mexican Song of the Year , Pop Song of the Year ( `` Quitame Ese Hombre '' ) , and for Best Regional Mexican Female Artist . In the tropical genre , Celia Cruz took home with four great awards of the night for Best Salsa Performance , Best Tropical Female Artist , Best Tropical Song of the year and Tropical Album of the Year . At the night , the greatest performance was a medley of top Latin hits from the last 15 years , performed by the artists that made them famous , including Vikki Carr , Son by Four , Los Ilegales , La Mafia , Luis Enrique , Wilfrido Vargas and Olga Tañón . There was a great tribute to Celia Cruz by the world-famous salsa group `` Fania All-Stars '' , of which Cruz was a member during the 1970s , reunited for an exclusive performance that rocked the house .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "386c5c6427b1c9f0f86bbeab0a7c6e7a", "text": "Floria Lasky Floria V. Lasky ( April 24 , 1923 -- September 21 2007 ) was an American lawyer in the theater world , who represented some of the biggest names in American entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a5a853c452cbe3327a7990e2f936d82", "text": "Eva Vives Eva Vives is a screenwriter , director , and producer as well as sometimes editor and casting director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9097056973dea9498d6118827b93867", "text": "Scenic bios Scenic bios is the state of physicality that a performer generates in the act of performance . It is a state of readiness and energy that is above and beyond the daily . Daily energy is that which we all employ during ordinary activity . It is usually the minimum required for practical requirement . Extra daily energy on the other hand , is that which the performer employs by various means such as balance , anatomical alteration , and other less obvious devices such as extra awareness and understanding of certain principles , in the very act of performance . Some of these principles , first recognized and formulated in empirical studies by Eugenio Barba , may be learned or they may be inherent . Such principles as equivalence , dilation , rhythm and timing , all seem like second nature , and the performer may not know that she is applying them in any strict sense . But , Barba has demonstrated that through physical training and exercises of his devising these principles can become fruitfully exploited by the actor in her endeavours . All these principles are believed by Barba to exist in the actors pre-expressive being . This pre-expressivity is otherwise known as scenic bios , or stage ` presence ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae461b624ecc0e28aed0b203858f26e0", "text": "Dirty Dancer `` Dirty Dancer '' is a song by Spanish recording artist Enrique Iglesias and American recording artist Usher , recorded for Iglesias ' sixth studio album , Euphoria , and included on Usher 's EP Versus . A remix of the song , which features American rapper Lil Wayne and American singer Nayer , was released on 9 May 2011 by Universal Music Group as the sixth single from Euphoria . Written by the two singers with Evan Bogart , Erika Nuri and David Quiñones and producer RedOne , `` Dirty Dancer '' is a dance-pop song with rave music influences . The album version of `` Dirty Dancer '' appeared on the UK Singles Chart , the Dutch Single Top 100 and the Slovakian Radio Top 100 Oficiálna , while the single version entered the Australian Singles Chart , the New Zealand Singles Chart and the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 . An Ethan Lader-directed music video for `` Dirty Dancer '' has the three artists watching holographic dancers in nightclubs.The single has already been certified Gold in Australia and USA . The song was covered by the Dutch symphonic metal band Within Temptation as part of their weekly radio covers in promotion for their upcoming event , Elements and was included on their April 2013 cover album The Q-Music Sessions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3edbf907fd73ed262ddd5771f9869dc", "text": "The San Francisco Improv Alliance Started in 2005 by Shaun Landry , artistic director of Oui Be Negroes , The San Francisco Improv Alliance is a group of actors dedicated to Improvisational Theater . The Alliance offers performance opportunities to upcoming ensembles , stages self-produced shows , co-production of pre-established ensembles , master class workshops and national ensembles and community outreach in the field of improvisational theatre . The San Francisco Improv Talent Pool also offers improvisational actors a chance at paying work in the craft of improvisational theater through educational , corporate , film , radio and television events . In 2007 the Alliance has expanded out its community resources to improvisers with the city of San Francisco , The County of Alameda for work with The San Francisco Family Festival and Public Service Announcements for The Department of Public Health , providing talented improvisers for these worthy organizations . The Alliance has also doubled its corporate and film bookings in 2007 with major institutions including Major League Baseball . The Improv Alliance is also the producer of The San Francisco Improv Festival . Beginning in 2003 ( with improviser Sam Shaw ) , the SFIF has had thousands of audience members attend improvisational theater and learn from master class teachers including Mick Napier , David Razowsky , and Ian Roberts . It is one of the few improvisational Theater Festivals that pays its ensembles to perform . Starting as a 12-week event , The festival now runs over a seven-week span , making it still `` The Longest Running Improv Festival in the Country '' . Sam Shaw left the San Francisco Improv Festival in June 2005 giving all rights and entities to the business of The San Francisco Improv Festival ( SFIF ) to Landry . In 2007 , Clay Robeson and Hans Summers are now Associate Producers along with Ms. Landry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6760042fe6ad26d6d86f3466aa2ad4c7", "text": "Kennedy Center Honors The Kennedy Center Honors is an annual honor given to those in the performing arts for their lifetime of contributions to American culture ( though recipients do not need to be U.S. citizens ) . The Honors have been presented annually since 1978 , culminating each December in a star-studded gala celebrating the Honorees in the Kennedy Center Opera House .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7899a121f96ccf6eece719359f47af8", "text": "The Great American Beauty Contest __ NOTOC __ The Great American Beauty Contest is a 1973 American satirical comedy-drama TV film , starring JoAnna Cameron and featuring Eleanor Parker , Robert Cummings , Louis Jourdan and Farrah Fawcett in an early film appearance . It was directed by Robert Day and was originally shown on the ABC TV network in the United States on February 13 , 1973 . Allmovie characterizes the film as `` An unsubtle but effective TV-movie satire of the ` Miss America ' syndrome '' , and calls the belly dance performed by Farrah Fawcett `` endearingly ridiculous . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6628c55fccd4918708c6ceb527337a7", "text": "Eva Simons Eva Simons ( born April 27 , 1984 ) is a Dutch vocalist , songwriter and occasional actor of Dutch and Surinamese descent . She is a former member of the Dutch girl group Raffish and best known for her EDM and urban collaborations with artists such as Afrojack , The Young Professionals , R3hab and Sidney Samson . In 2012 Simons broke through on the international stage when she featured on the will.i.am single `` This Is Love '' which reached the top of several charts . In the same year Simons received a BMI songwriting award for her credit on `` Take Over Control '' . During her solo career she has released 7 singles , including `` Bludfire '' which appeared in November 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2be5dae23998b709b0f987bf0c7b27a2", "text": "Lo Nuestro Award for Tropical New Artist of the Year The Lo Nuestro Award for Tropical/Salsa New Artist of the Year is an honor presented annually by American network Univision . It was first awarded in 1989 and has been given annually since to recognize the most talented performers of Latin music . The nominees and winners were originally selected by a voting poll conducted among program directors of Spanish-language radio stations in the United States and also based on chart performance on Billboard Latin music charts , with the results being tabulated and certified by the accounting firm Deloitte . At the present time , the winners are selected by the audience through an online survey . The trophy awarded is shaped in the form of a treble clef . The award was first presented to Nicaraguan singer Luis Enrique . Puerto-Rican American performer Olga Tañón was a nominee in 1993 and eventually became the most awarded performer in Lo Nuestro Awards history , with 22 accolades . American singer Marc Anthony won the following year and also received the Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Performance for the album Contra la Corriente in 1998 . Puerto-Rican American artist Elvis Crespo earned the award in 1999 , the same year that his songs `` Suavemente '' and `` Tu Sonrisa '' peaked at number-one at the Billboard Latin Songs chart . At the 12th Lo Nuestro Awards , Son by Four was named Tropical New Artist of the Year aided by the massive success of their single `` A Puro Dolor '' , which later ranked 1st at the Hot Latin Songs 25th Anniversary chart . Colombian singer-songwriter Fonseca won in 2007 and also earned the Latin Grammy Award for Best Tropical Song . In 2013 , the Pop , Regional Mexican and Tropical/Salsa New Artist of the Year categories were merged on a Lo Nuestro Award for Best New Artist category in the General Field ; however , the following year , the Lo Nuestro Award for Tropical New Artist of the Year was reincorporated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80a2d0945891594af7572d51f11c6fb7", "text": "Squillo Squillo is a technical term for the resonant , trumpet-like sound in the voices of opera singers . It is also commonly called `` singer 's formant '' , `` ring '' , `` ping '' , `` core '' , and other terms . Squillo enables an essentially lyric tone to be heard over thick orchestrations , e.g. in late Verdi , Puccini and Strauss operas . Achieving a proper amount of squillo in any performing context is imperative : too much and the tone veers towards the shrill ; too little and the purpose of the squillo can not be achieved . Squillo is easily recognizable by a distinctive brilliant , ringing quality in the timbre of the voice . This perception is caused by the presence of a peak in the 2 - 5 kHz frequency range , to which the human ear is particularly sensitive . The amplification of these particular harmonics is believed to be a result of a narrowing of the Aryepiglottic fold just above the larynx . Voices with naturally acquired squillo , i.e. having naturally strong higher formants , are especially prized in opera because they allow a singer to maintain certain lyric qualities e.g. limpid high notes , and consistency of tone throughout the range etc. even in dramatic singing . Voices with squillo are also easier to record . Uses of the squillo includes : projecting a small timbre e.g. Alfredo Kraus , Juan Diego Flórez underscoring a dramatically important passage e.g. No , non voglio morir in Sola , perduta abbandonata from Puccini 's Manon Lescaut singing through a thickly textured orchestration , e.g. the final bars of Libera me from Verdi 's Requiem , in which a soprano has to compete against a tutti orchestra and full chorus supporting a pianissimo note floated over an orchestra ( which also demands a secure breath control ) e.g. Montserrat Caballé supporting a long trill simulating a scream without compromising the timbre , especially in a verismic opera ; however it is not unheard that a bona fide scream be used in operatic setting , e.g. Tosca 's final jump in Tosca giving an impression of ` youth ' to an aged voice , mainly via a cultivation of the head register , ref . Section IX Meine Gesangskunst , by Lilli Lehmann ; best exemplified vocally by Mirella Freni Famous singers who personify this technique include Leontyne Price , Mariella Devia , Renata Tebaldi , Giuseppe di Stefano , Jussi Björling and Luciano Pavarotti . Certain dramatic singers may also employ squillo as opposed to volume over the course of a performance , for example Birgit Nilsson . Squillo may also refer , in current Italian : when the grammatical gender is masculine ( uno squillo ) word for `` ring '' ( as in `` telephone ring '' ) , currently a slang term for missed call to form a verb a word `` squillare '' which means `` to ring '' or `` to blare ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23eda5da586f932392c2785c58780188", "text": "Mexican pop music Mexican pop is a music genre produced in Mexico , particularly intended for teenagers and young adults . Mexico is the country that exports the most entertainment in Spanish language . Mexican pop was limited to Latin America until the mid-1990s , when an interest towards this type of music increased after Luis Miguel 's , Lynda Thomas ' , Selena 's , Thalía 's , Gloria Trevi 's and Paulina Rubio 's debuts before the mainstream USA audience . During the 1960s and 1970s most of the pop music produced in Mexico consisted on Spanish-language versions of English-language rock-and-roll hits . Singers and musical groups like Angélica María , Johnny Laboriel , Alberto Vázquez , Enrique Guzmán or Los Teen Tops performed cover versions of songs by Elvis Presley , Paul Anka , Nancy Sinatra and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ae7b11c0e0bc23eebc693684f08a3c6", "text": "Hellzapoppin' (film) Hellzapoppin ' is a 1941 Universal Pictures adaptation of the musical of the same name directed by H.C. Potter . The cast includes Ole Olsen and Chic Johnson ( who produced and starred in it on Broadway ) , Martha Raye , Mischa Auer , Shemp Howard , Whitey 's Lindy Hoppers and The Six Hits . Shemp Howard begins the film as the projectionist of a cinema , displaying on its screen what appears to be the start of a song-and-dance number whose classily dressed performers walk down a staircase - which collapses as in a fun-house ride , sliding them all straight to hell . Demons punish them in various ways . Ole and Chic arrive in the midst of the mayhem by taxi , and after a bit of funny business step back to reveal that it 's a movie sound stage . They work for Miracle Pictures , a company using the slogan `` If it 's a good picture , it 's a Miracle ! '' A mousy screenwriter ( Elisha Cook , Jr. ) outlines his script for the screen adaptation of Hellzapoppin '' ' , and the rest of the movie depicts Cook 's crazy script . Among the topical humor is Johnson picking up a sled named `` Rosebud '' and saying `` I thought they 'd burnt that '' ( Olsen and Johnson were friends of Orson Welles , whose film Citizen Kane closes with Kane 's childhood sled being burnt ) . The film has a frenetic pace , and often breaks the ` Fourth wall ' , including inner ` fourth walls ' introduced by its nonlinear , metafictional narrative . The 1942 Academy Award nomination for Best Song for `` Pig Foot Pete , '' ( which lost to `` White Christmas '' ) , was attributed to Hellzapoppin ' , but the song never appeared in the film -- it was actually performed in another Universal production from the same year , the Abbott and Costello film Keep 'Em Flying . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25813bbfbd6f682aca4ed66d1d81fdc0", "text": "La rosa de Guadalupe La Rosa de Guadalupe ( English : The Rose of Guadalupe ) is a Mexican anthology drama series created and produced by Carlos Mercado Orduña for Televisa . Each episode presents a self-contained story . Canal de las Estrellas is currently broadcasting it on Monday , Wednesday , and Friday at 5:15 P.M. Univision has broadcast La rosa de Guadalupe since 26 June 2008 , and was broadcast weekday mornings at 11am/10c from 22 October 2012 to 3 January 2014 . From 6 January to 7 March 2014 , Univision aired La rosa de Guadalupe weekday afternoons at 2pm/1c , replacing 1 hour of Hoy . As of 7 April 2014 , Univision is airing La rosa de Guadalupe weekday afternoons at 3pm/2c , replacing La Mujer del Vendaval . As of 22 September 2014 , Univision is broadcasting La rosa de Guadalupe weekday afternoons at 2pm/1c replacing Hoy '' . It all starts from the problem statement , when the main character has nothing to do with what will happen . It then start getting involved in different situations , such as addictions or physical or sexual abuse , which make different character close to the people realize that attitude is changing . Some of these such people , being devout ( a ) to the Virgin of Guadalupe , asked to protect that person . At the same time , a white rose appear before an altar or statue of the Virgin belongs to the person who prayed and remain there during development of the story , which is usually when the problem is compounded . The fact that the rose appears gives the meaning of the petition has been heard . At the climax of the story , which is the time where the main character is in a serious situation , the closest person `` asked '' intercedes for him and tries to help . Fixed issue , the main character is `` fondled '' by a wind that represents the act of the Virgin of Guadalupe , and since the end of the episode , the white rose disappears as one character narrates the own message of each chapter as a moral .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32c1f37173c1238f473628867095a49f", "text": "El monstruo (audience) El Monstruo ( ` The Monster ' ) is the popular designation that 's given in Chile to the audience attending to the Viña del Mar International Song Festival . The name is due to great authority that perform the audience in each day of the event . From pressing to lengthen presentations favorite artists to interruptions with catcalls to singers and comedians who are not like , booing to prevent complete their show and force them to withdraw from the stage . In that case , in Chile it is said that `` El Monstruo ate the artist '' . The audience at the Viña del Mar International Song Festival is the only one in the world that has received a special name . This creates an expectation in people attending the show , waiting for the slightest opportunity to show their intolerance . Most artists booed by El Monstruo have been comedians , both for its lack of grace as the misfortune to get on the right stage between performances of singers or bands of renown . He was remembered the occasion when El Monstruo asked the Gaviota de Plata ( Silver Seagull ) award for José Luis Rodríguez in 1988 ; the refusal of the mayor of Viña del Mar , Eugenia Garrido , who in the 1980s was who corroborated the awards , the singer said `` Sometimes the people 's voice must be heard '' , a phrase which some had a political background in relation to the military regime then ruling the country ; the artist has said his sentence was not thought out or had a direct political intention . Rodriguez has indicated that feel that in that case it was a `` tool for greater spiritual ideal . '' Sometimes , however , the public is manifested catcalls to protest the presenters of the event . This happened in the 2007 , when the animators , Tonka Tomicic and Sergio Lagos , dismissed the artist Ana Torroja to the general public discontent , he wanted her to continue singing . Boo to Lagos and Tomicic lasted nearly an hour . The same happened in 2009 when El Monstruo was in favor of Simply Red , booing for an hour for the group to return , and incidentally interrupting the Folk Competition , the singer Paolo Meneguzzi , a humorous routine performed by the trio Manpoval until partially calmed their minds with the presentation of Rakim and Ken-Y .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "725c46586672c78dac93e97326fd83a4", "text": "AUDELCO AUDELCO , the Audience Development Committee , Inc. , was established in 1973 by the late Vivian Robinson to honor excellence in New York City African American Theatre through presentation of Vivan Robinson/AUDELCO Recognition Awards ( a.k.a. Viv awards ) . The awards were created to promote `` recognition , understanding and awareness of the arts in the African-American community '' . The AUDELCO Viv awards recognize the following , whether Broadway or off-Broadway : Productions by Black companies Shows written or directed by Blacks Black actors in shows AUDELCO has an office in Central Harlem , New York City The President is Grace Jones and the board of directors consistsof : A.Curtis Farrow ; Ralph Carter , Toni Peterson , Jacqueline Feffries ; Linda Armstrong ; Honorable Donna M. Mills ; Fred R.Powell ; Mary Seymour ; Dale Richardo Shields ; Terrence Spivey ; Ronald Stone Esq and Mary B. Davis Chair Emeritus . The organization has thousands of members , a newsletter , and a black theater collection of books , photos , slides and scripts as well as an extensive clipping file on black theater companies and productions . The AUDELCO awards are limited to productions mounted by professional , not-for-profit theater organizations which have been in existence for at least two years and have had a minimum of 500 hours of rehearsal , performance , or training . Additionally , productions have to have been performed over 12 times between September 1 of one year and August 31 of the next . Workshop productions and works-in-progress are not eligible . The AUDELCO Viv awards allow celebrities and everyday people to get to share their love of theater and their appreciation for the incredible performances , scripts , direction , costumes and sets that have been presented during the last theater season . Michael O'Hare was the first white actor to win this award presented by the black theater community of New York for his performance in the play `` Shades of Brown '' which examined the effects of apartheid in South Africa . ( Former AUDELOC awardees included , Kerry Washington ( AUDELCO 's first Rising star ) ; Samuel L. Jackson ; Phylicia Rashad ; Debbie Allen ; Denzel Washington , Barbara Montgomery , Sanaa Lathan and others ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
50dc939e16e528b0bb4cd5e48fcd64ed	Texas Longhorns men's basketball took part in the NCAA Final Four three times total.	[ { "docid": "33fb247a793b1eef36094d540db83852", "text": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball The Texas Longhorns men 's basketball team '' ' represents The University of Texas at Austin in NCAA Division I intercollegiate men 's basketball competition . The Longhorns currently compete in the Big 12 Conference . The University of Texas began varsity intercollegiate competition in men 's basketball in 1906 . The Longhorns rank 17th in total victories among all NCAA Division I college basketball programs and 25th in all-time win percentage among programs with at least 50 years in Division I , with an all-time win-loss record of 1750 -- 1054 . Among Big 12 Conference men 's basketball programs , Texas is second only to Kansas in both all-time wins and all-time win percentage . The Longhorns have won 27 total conference championships in men 's basketball and have made 33 total appearances in the NCAA Tournament ( 11th-most appearances all time , with a 35 -- 36 overall record ) , reaching the NCAA Final Four three times ( 1943 , 1947 , 2003 ) and the NCAA Regional Finals ( Elite Eight ) seven times . As of March 21 , 2017 , Texas ranks fifth among all Division I men 's basketball programs for total NCAA Tournament games won without having won the national championship ( 35 ) , trailing Purdue ( 36 ) , Notre Dame ( 38 ) , Illinois ( 40 ) , and Oklahoma ( 41 ) . The Texas basketball program experienced substantial success during the early decades of its existence , but its success in the modern era is of relatively recent vintage . After two losing seasons during the program 's first five years , Texas suffered only one losing season from 1912 to 1950 , achieving a winning percentage of .703 during that span , reaching two Final Fours and one Elite Eight during the first decade of the NCAA Tournament , and receiving retroactive recognition as the 1933 national champion from the Premo-Porretta Power Poll ; from 1951 to 1988 , the Longhorns finished with losing records 14 times , recorded a winning percentage of .522 , and participated in the expanded Tournament only five times . Texas achieved some measures of national recognition during the tenures of head coaches Abe Lemons ( 1976 -- 82 ) and Tom Penders ( 1988 -- 98 ) , but the program rose to its highest level of prominence under the direction of former head coach Rick Barnes ( 1998 -- 2015 ) . Barnes guided Texas to 16 NCAA Tournament appearances in his 17 seasons with the program , including a school-record fourteen consecutive appearances ( 1999 -- 2012 ) , as well as fifteen 20-win seasons overall and a school-best thirteen consecutive 20-win seasons ( 2000 -- 12 ) . Since 1977 , the team has played its home games in the Frank Erwin Special Events Center , where it has compiled a record of 487 -- 119 as of March 7 , 2017 . The team is currently led by second-year head coach Shaka Smart .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f781c55a517f917bf3bf52eccd76686e", "text": "1988 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 1988 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament involved 64 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men 's NCAA Division I college basketball . It began on March 17 , 1988 , and ended with the championship game on April 4 returning to Kansas City , Missouri for the 10th time . A total of 63 games were played . Kansas , coached by Larry Brown , won the national title with an 83 -- 79 victory in the final game over Big Eight Conference rival Oklahoma , coached by Billy Tubbs . As of 2017 , this was the last national championship game to feature two schools from the same conference . Danny Manning of Kansas was named the tournament 's Most Outstanding Player . Even though the Final Four was contested only 40 miles from its campus in Lawrence , Kansas , Kansas was considered a long shot against the top rated Sooners because Oklahoma had previously easily defeated the Jayhawks twice that season -- at home in Norman , Oklahoma and on the road in Kansas ' Allen Fieldhouse . Kansas 's upset was the third biggest point-spread upset in Championship Game history . After this upset , the 1988 Kansas team was remembered as `` Danny and the Miracles . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b75f91adeeae2b8010cca5aaf8a34ea", "text": "Old Oquirrh Bucket The Old Oquirrh Bucket ( named after the Oquirrh Mountains to the west of Salt Lake City , as well as the famous Old Oaken Bucket ) is the symbol of in-state basketball supremacy in Utah . Every year from 1974 to 2010 , the trophy was awarded to the in-state college team ( Utah State University ( USU ) , University of Utah ( U of U ) , Southern Utah University ( SUU ) , Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , Utah Valley University ( UVU ) , and Weber State University ( WSU ) ) that had the best win-loss record against in-state competition . In 1974 , a proposal was presented to create a trophy -- a symbol to be awarded annually to Utah 's best college basketball team . The concept was accepted and for the first two years the in-state title was awarded to the Aggies ( USU ) , although no actual trophy had been determined . In 1977 , after Weber State won the title for the first time , an Ogden businessman located a pioneer bucket at a local auction , complete with a history of how it had been found . It became the traveling trophy emblematic of Utah college basketball supremacy . The plaque on the bucket includes a map with the names and locations of the 4 original schools ( BYU , U of U , USU , and WSU or WSC for Weber State College ) . SUU and UVU did not field Division-I basketball programs at the time the trophy was created , but have since become members of the NCAA Division-I . The plaque includes the caption `` The Oquirrh Bucket Utah State Collegiate Champ Basketball '' . Utah ( U of U ) has won the bucket 14 times , followed by Utah State ( USU ) and Brigham Young ( BYU ) with 9 victories each , and Weber State ( WSU ) with 4 . Neither of the other two schools have ever won the award . On November 15 , 2010 , it was announced that the trophy would be retired , due to the recent changes in conference alignments ( Utah leaving the Mountain West for the Pac-12 , BYU leaving the Mountain West for the West Coast Conference ) and changes in scheduling of games among the in-state schools . The Old Oquirrh Bucket was last won by Utah State in both 2008-09 and 2009 -- 10 , and will be donated by Utah State University to the Utah Sports Hall of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fa9ad47804c3d1d412b31a97e390890", "text": "2014 Texas Longhorns softball team The 2014 Texas Longhorns softball team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 2014 NCAA Division I softball season . Connie Clark entered the year as head coach of the Longhorns for an 18th consecutive season . The Longhorns were picked to finish third in the pre-season conference polls . After posting a 12-6 record in conference play , the Longhorns finished exactly where they were picked to finish and qualified for the NCAA Softball Tournament as an at large bid . The Longhorns would go 2-2 in the Lafayette Region and bow out with a final record of 35-23 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c87dc1d6b0c02c90b7e27a6490bf2a3", "text": "1980 NCAA Division I Basketball Tournament The 1980 NCAA Division I Basketball Tournament involved 48 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men 's NCAA Division I college basketball . It began on March 6 , 1980 , and ended with the championship game on March 24 at Market Square Arena in Indianapolis , Indiana . A total of 48 games were played , including a national third place game . Louisville , coached by Denny Crum , won the national title with a 59 -- 54 victory in the final game over UCLA , coached by Larry Brown . Darrell Griffith of Louisville was named the tournament 's Most Outstanding Player . Structurally speaking , this was the first tournament of the modern era . For the first time : An unlimited number of at-large teams could come from any conference . ( From 1975 to 1979 , conferences were only allowed one at-large entry . ) The bracket was seeded to make each region as evenly competitive as possible . ( Previously , geographic considerations had trumped this . ) All teams were seeded solely based on the subjective judgment of the committee . ( In 1979 , seeding was also partially based on the prior performance of a conference winner 's conference . ) In the second year the tournament field was seeded , no number one seed reached the Final Four . This would not happen again until 2006 and also occurred in 2011 . UCLA would later forfeit its place in the standings after players representing the school were declared ineligible by the NCAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "466b2143760844f05d6df5715ffd74ef", "text": "2012 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament The 2012 Phillips 66 Big 12 Men 's Basketball Championship was held at the Sprint Center in Kansas City , Missouri from March 7 until March 10 , 2012 . Due to a major conference realignment that significantly impacted the Big 12 , It was the first tournament with 10 teams participating . After the 2010 -- 11 season , Colorado left for the Pac-12 and Nebraska joined the Big Ten . It was also the final appearance in this event for Texas A&M and Missouri before they joined the Southeastern Conference for the 2012 -- 13 season . The conference will continue to have 10 schools in that season , as TCU and West Virginia will join the Big 12 , respectively from the Mountain West Conference and Big East Conference . The tournament , and the automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament that went with it , was won by one of the departing members , Missouri .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c54ece8ba4f3935ef8ce76ad5581969a", "text": "2015–16 Texas–Rio Grande Valley Vaqueros men's basketball team The 2015 -- 16 UTRGV Vaqueros men 's basketball team represented the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley during the 2015 -- 16 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . This was head coach Dan Hipsher 's third season with the UTRGV program , although his first under the `` UTRGV '' name . The Vaqueros played their home games at the UTRGV Fieldhouse on the university 's campus in Edinburg , Texas and were members of the Western Athletic Conference . They finished the season 8 -- 22 , 4 -- 10 in WAC play to finish in a tie for sixth place . They lost in the quarterfinals of the WAC Tournament to Seattle . This was the first season as an institution for UTRGV , which was formed in a consolidation between University of Texas-Pan American ( UTPA ) and the University of Texas at Brownsville . The former UTPA athletic program was converted to that of UTRGV , with UTPA 's conference membership and athletic history transferring directly to the new institution . On March 15 , 2016 , the school removed Dan Hipsher as head coach . On March 31 , the shool hired Lew Hill as head coach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79b223b7340dde21df6596e690ae4913", "text": "1983–84 Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball team The 1983 -- 84 Oklahoma Sooners men 's basketball team represented the University of Oklahoma in competitive college basketball during the 1983 -- 84 NCAA Division I season . The Oklahoma Sooners men 's basketball team played its home games in the Lloyd Noble Center and was a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's ( NCAA ) former Big Eight Conference at that time . The team posted a 29 -- 5 overall record and a 13 -- 1 conference record to finish first in the Conference for head coach Billy Tubbs . This was the first Big Eight Conference Regular Season Championship for Tubbs . The team was led by All American and Big Eight Conference Men 's Basketball Player of the Year Wayman Tisdale . The team lost its second game at the Great Alaska Shootout . It then won eleven in a row before enduring its only conference loss at . It then won four in a row before losing to . The team won the rest of its regular season games and the first two Big Eight Conference Tournament games bringing its win streak to 13 . It lost the conference title game to . The team then lost its first game in the 1983 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament to . Over the course of the season , Wayman Tisdale established the current Oklahoma Sooners men 's basketball single-season scoring average ( 27.0 ) and single-game points ( 61 ) records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d6a38bf9db87900f3d84f8a2d6736c7", "text": "1946 Texas Longhorns football team The 1946 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas , Austin in 1946 college football season . The Longhorns were led by the future College Football Hall of Fame head coach , Dana X. Bible , in his tenth year at Texas and final year of coaching . Texas was the first-ranked team in the initial AP Poll , before sliding throughout the season . The Longhorns posted a record of 8 -- 2 and received a final ranking of 15th .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df464721ef6edea56eb6e49b35828fb6", "text": "Darrell Royal Darrell K Royal ( July 6 , 1924 -- November 7 , 2012 ) was an American football player and coach . He served as the head coach at Mississippi State University ( 1954 -- 1955 ) , the University of Washington ( 1956 ) , and the University of Texas at Austin ( 1957 -- 1976 ) , compiling a career college football record of 184 -- 60 -- 5 . In his 20 seasons at Texas , Royal 's teams won three national championships ( 1963 , 1969 , and 1970 ) , 11 Southwest Conference titles , and amassed a record of 167 -- 47 -- 5 . He won more games than any other coach in Texas Longhorns football history . Royal also coached the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) for one season in 1953 . He never had a losing season as a head coach for his entire career . Royal played football at the University of Oklahoma from 1946 to 1949 . He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1983 . Darrell K Royal -- Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin , Texas , where the Longhorns play their home games , was renamed in his honor in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c7db190b99ad75e9191009c7e3355bc", "text": "2016–17 Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball team The 2016 -- 17 Gonzaga Bulldogs men 's basketball team represented Gonzaga University in the 2016 -- 17 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The team was led by head coach Mark Few , who was in his 18th season as head coach . The team played its home games at McCarthey Athletic Center in Spokane , Washington . The Bulldogs ( also informally referred to as the Zags ) played in their 37th season as a member of the West Coast Conference . The 2016 -- 17 season was arguably the greatest season in Gonzaga 's 109-year basketball history . The Bulldogs finished with a 32 -- 1 regular season record and did not lose a game until February . They finished ranked second in the AP Poll , the highest final national ranking in school history . They won both the West Coast Conference regular season and tournament championships , and advanced to the first NCAA National Championship game in the school 's history -- the deepest run for a WCC team since San Francisco advanced to its third consecutive Final Four in 1957 . With a victory over South Carolina in the regional semifinal , the Bulldogs tied the NCAA Division I record for the second-most wins in a season . Their run ended in the NCAA National Championship game , where they lost to North Carolina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70b53c3ebfa840581aeab711b6d53837", "text": "2014 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2014 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament involved 64 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men 's NCAA Division I college basketball . It began on March 18 , 2014 , and concluded with the Connecticut Huskies winning the championship game on April 7 at AT&T Stadium in Arlington , Texas . The East Regional semifinals and final were held in Madison Square Garden , the first time that arena has been used as an NCAA Tournament venue and the first time in 63 years that tournament games have been held in New York City . With No. 7 seed Connecticut and No. 8 seed Kentucky reaching the championship game , this tournament 's final was the first ever not to include at least one 1 , 2 , or 3 seed . It is also only the third final not to feature a 1 or 2 seed ( 1989 - # 3 Michigan vs. # 3 Seton Hall and 2011 - # 3 Connecticut vs. # 8 Butler ) . Connecticut was the first 7 seed ever to reach and win the championship game . The two teams combined for the highest seed total in championship game history with 15 . The previous record ( 11 ) was held by Connecticut and Butler in 2011 . The next day , the UConn Huskies women 's team won the women 's NCAA basketball tournament , only the second time that a school has won both the men 's and women 's Division I national basketball championships in the same year ; UConn first accomplished this in 2004 . The previous season , UConn was academically ineligible for the postseason .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d88df41efbfa7abb718ff9ea59d5c2a", "text": "Jack Gray (basketball) Jack Gray ( May 12 , 1911 -- March 7 , 1992 ) , was an American college basketball player and coach . Gray played for the Texas Longhorns men 's basketball team from 1933 to 1935 . As a player , he set a Southwest Conference record with 32 points in 1933 which stood for sixteen years . Gray was a First-Team All-American guard in 1935 and was All-SWC all three years of his varsity career . He was known for his one-handed `` push '' shot , a precursor of the jump shot . With one year of coaching experience took over the coaching job at age 25 . In his first six years as coach beginning in 1937 , he led the Longhorns to five winning seasons and led the Longhorns to their first Elite Eight in the first NCAA Tournament in 1939 . After returning from World War II , Gray led the Longhorns to their first Final Four in the 1947 NCAA Tournament . He coached Basketball Hall of Famer Slater Martin from 1944 to 1949 . Gray got his team in the National Invitation Tournament in 1948 , their first AP Poll ranking ( # 20 in 1949 ) . He ranks third all-time in Longhorns basketball history in wins with 194 victories to 97 losses , and also had a final Southwest Conference record of 89-55 . He was head coach for 12 years , which as of 2011 , ranked as the second-longest basketball coaching term at University of Texas . </div>", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a21086f4e99b1180e066a1fe0319af6b", "text": "List of Texas Longhorns in the NBA This is a list of Texas Longhorns men 's basketball players who played at least one game in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aafe8c30ebc894f202927f6491693093", "text": "Big 12 Conference The Big 12 Conference is a ten-school collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Irving , Texas . It is a member of the NCAA 's Division I for all sports , except hockey and men 's soccer ; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two levels of NCAA Division I football competition . Its ten members , located in Iowa , Kansas , Oklahoma , Texas , and West Virginia , include eight public and two private Christian schools . Additionally , the Big 12 has ten affiliate members , six for the sport of wrestling , one for women 's gymnastics , and 3 for women 's rowing . The Big 12 Conference is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization incorporated in Delaware . The Big 12 was formerly composed of 12 schools , hence its name : it was formed in 1996 when four schools from the collapsing Southwest Conference ( Texas , Texas A&M , Texas Tech and Baylor ) joined with the pre-existing Big Eight Conference . Oklahoma and Oklahoma State were grouped with the four newcomers in the `` Big 12 South '' , while the remaining 6 teams of the Big 8 ( Kansas , Kansas State , Colorado , Nebraska , Missouri and Iowa State ) formed the `` Big 12 North '' . The conference 's current 10-campus makeup resulted from the 2010 -- 13 Big 12 Conference realignment , in which Nebraska joined the Big Ten Conference , Colorado joined the Pac-12 , and Missouri and Texas A&M joined the Southeastern Conference . TCU and West Virginia joined from the Mountain West and Big East Conferences respectively to offset two of the departing schools , bringing the conference to its current strength . The Big 12 Conference , like others involved in the realignment , has kept its name primarily for marketing purposes ; the conference has high name recognition and remains one of the Power Five conferences which are considered the primary contenders to produce a College Football Playoff champion team in any given year . Attempts to rename the Big 12 to reflect its current strength would lead to confusion with the current Big Ten Conference ( which currently has 14 teams ) . The Big 12 Conference commissioner is Bob Bowlsby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5146a88fe722800e1a9957c6384f6683", "text": "2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season The 2016 -- 17 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began on November 11 , 2016 . The first tournament was the 2K Sports Classic , and ended with the Final Four in Glendale , Arizona on April 3 , 2017 . Practices officially began on September 30 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "411f61eab789e2caa3a87540a9e82f3c", "text": "2015 Texas Longhorns football team The 2015 Texas Longhorns football team , known variously as `` Texas '' , `` UT '' , the `` Longhorns '' , or the `` Horns '' , was a collegiate American football team that represented the University of Texas at Austin as a member of the Big 12 Conference in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The team played its home games at Darrell K Royal -- Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin , Texas , where the team is based . The Longhorns were led by second-year head coach Charlie Strong . Shawn Watson and Joe Wickline ran the offense . Vance Bedford served as defensive coordinator . They finished the season 5 -- 7 , 4 -- 5 in Big 12 play to finish in a three way tie for fifth place .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "345c757356a47150efed8320d1947674", "text": "1987 Texas Longhorns football team The 1987 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 1987 NCAA Division I-A football season . The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 6 -- 5 record and defeated Pittsburgh in the Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5485bcc0deec97a15a1d00c41be8ca39", "text": "2013 Final Four 2013 Final Four may refer to : 2013 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament 2013 NCAA Women 's Division I Basketball Tournament 2013 Final Four Men 's Volleyball Cup", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed15aa4dff6f5ff7b58ac51323f9daf1", "text": "San Sebastian–Letran rivalry This rivalry is between Recto 's San Sebastian and Muralla 's Letran . After both Ateneo and La Salle left , San Sebastian ( frequently shortened to `` Baste '' ) strengthened their basketball program . The acquisition of Paul Alvarez to San Sebastian and Samboy Lim to Letran provided several close games in the 1980s which led to the birth of the rivalry . In the 1980s , Letranites were notorious for yelling profanities at the San Sebastian players , and on one occasion , led to a rumble at Vito Cruz Avenue when at the last second , a power interruption occurred , causing confusion on what team won the championship . The rumbles between the two schools have become more frequent which solidified the intense rivalry between the two schools . Paul Alvarez would later play for the Pennsylvania Valley Dawgs of the United States Basketball League . The rivalry continued in the turn of the millennium when the Stags met the Knights in the finals twice . This led to several memorable games in which the Knights won the 1998 edition with a barrage of three-pointers and free throws by Letran 's Nicholas Pacheco with a few seconds remaining to win their 13th championship . The Knights also became the first 4th seed to upset the 1st seed in the Final Four when they defeated the Stags twice during the 1999 NCAA Final Four . That feat would soon be duplicated the following year when the 4th seed Stags upended top seed JRC Heavy Bombers in the 2000 NCAA Final Four . The Knights went on to win the 1999 NCAA championship . In the 2003 NCAA Finals , the Stags ( defending champs ) made a rally in the 4th quarter in the 3rd game of their series and kept Letran scoreless for almost 6 minutes that led them to take the lead but Boyet Bautista started the comeback by tying the game at 48-all and then his teammates Jonathan Piñera and Aaron Aban finished the game to win their 15th championship at the expense of the Stags . In 2004 , they renewed their rivalry in the second round of eliminations wherein Letran denied Baste 's Final 4 hopes and eventually broke their streak of Final Four appearances ( since the inception of the final four format in 1998 San Sebastian is always in the Final Four ) making it their worst performance in 6 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a874c5216728ed90813a2cd89898715a", "text": "Texas A&M Aggies women's basketball The Texas A&M Aggies women 's basketball team represents Texas A&M University in NCAA Division I women 's basketball . The team has been coached by Gary Blair since 2003 . The Aggies play home games at Reed Arena , a 12,989-capacity arena in College Station , Texas on the campus of Texas A&M . The Aggies were the 2011 NCAA Division I national champions . They beat the Notre Dame Fighting Irish 76 -- 70 . They have appeared in the NCAA Tournament ten times and garnered five conference championships .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2660f1a72e0e273cb57f4346c131b6ab	Ajay Devgn is an actor in the Canadian film industry.	[ { "docid": "526fffbb0157304ffb1d09e6eac54855", "text": "Ajay Devgn Ajay Devgan ( born Vishal Veeru Devgan on 2 April 1969 ) , also credited as Ajay Devgn , is an Indian film actor , director and producer . He is widely considered as one of the most popular actors of Hindi cinema , who has appeared in over a hundred Hindi films . Devgan has won numerous accolades , including two National Film Awards and four Filmfare Awards . In 2016 , he was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Shri , the fourth highest civilian honour of the country . Devgan began his professional career with Phool Aur Kaante in 1991 and received a Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut for his performance . He then starred in successful films such as Jigar ( 1992 ) , Dilwale ( 1994 ) , Suhaag ( 1994 ) , Naajayaz ( 1995 ) , Diljale ( 1996 ) and Ishq ( 1997 ) . In 1998 , he appeared in a critically acclaimed performance in Mahesh Bhatt 's drama Zakhm and he received his first National Film Award for Best Actor for his role in the movie . In 1999 , his most-talked-about film was Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam in which he played Vanraj , a man who tries to unite his wife with her lover . In the early 2000s , he gave critically acclaimed performances in Ram Gopal Varma 's fictional expose of Mumbai underworld Company . He played the character of a gangster , for which he won Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor . The same year he gave another critically acclaimed performance in Deewangee for which he received the Filmfare Best Villain Award . In 2003 , he won his second National Film Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Bhagat Singh in Rajkumar Santoshi 's biopic The Legend of Bhagat Singh . Throughout his career he has performed in many critically and commercially successful films including Raincoat ( 2004 ) , '' Gangajal , ( 2004 ) , Yuva ( 2004 ) , Apaharan ( 2005 ) , Omkara ( 2006 ) , Golmaal : Fun Unlimited ( 2006 ) , Golmaal Returns ( 2008 ) , All the Best : Fun Begins ( 2009 ) , Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai ( 2010 ) , Golmaal 3 ( 2010 ) , Raajneeti ( 2010 ) , Singham ( 2011 ) , Bol Bachchan ( 2012 ) , Son of Sardaar ( 2012 ) , Singham Returns ( 2014 ) and Drishyam ( 2015 ) . He has starred in more than hundred Hindi films . Having done so , he established himself as one of the leading actors of Hindi cinema . In addition , Devgn owns a production company Ajay Devgn FFilms which was established in 2000 . In 2008 , he debuted as a film director with U Me Aur Hum . He is married to film actress , Kajol since 1999 and the couple have two children . In August 2009 , Devgn changed his surname from Devgan to Devgn on the request of his family .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6dba7545cbe250473bc06d4150adc22a", "text": "Hari Om Entertainment Hari Om Entertainment Co. also known as Hari Om Productions is a production company established in 2008 . The founders people are actor Akshay Kumar , his mother Aruna Bhatia & wife Twinkle Khanna . ` Hari Om ' happens to be the name of the Kumar 's father . The company in association with Telefilm Canada produced a hockey based Indo-Canadian film Speedy Singhs ( 2011 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a22dca022c313729a71709d413808b00", "text": "Juno Awards of 2014 The Juno Awards of 2014 honoured Canadian music industry achievements in the latter part of 2012 and in most of 2013 . The awards were presented in Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada during the weekend of 29 -- 30 March 2014 . The main ceremony took place at the MTS Centre and was televised on CTV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "503eafb6780d66fc6f3bca4b187f0d6c", "text": "Palay Khan (film) Palay Khan is a 1986 Bollywood film directed by Ashim S. Samanta and featuring Jackie Shroff , Poonam Dhillon in lead roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3d2c55385fb91a0c7b858aa8a1aec81", "text": "Jonathan Sagall Jonathan Sagall is an Israeli-Canadian actor , film director , TV director and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15f5d86b8ae48165fa29a134835cb0c6", "text": "Sam & Me Sam & Me is a 1991 Canadian film directed by well-known Indo-Canadian filmmaker Deepa Mehta . It was her debut movie as a director . The film went on to win an honourable mention at the Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08573e2c158cb43cbbdf0e1676f467f6", "text": "Michael Rudder Michael Rudder ( born June 14 , 1950 ) is a Canadian film , television , theatre and voice actor , who was injured in the November 2008 Mumbai attacks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a25b16144eaa933bfe28eb9cece7be9c", "text": "Sajjan Sajjan may refer to : Sajjan ( newspaper ) , a Punjabi newspaper published in Lahore , Punjab , Pakistan Sajjan ( actor ) ( 1921 -- 2000 ) , Bollywood and stage actor Harjit Sajjan ( b. 1970 ) , Canadian Minister of Defence under Prime Minister Justin Trudeau", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa41503e851031a65253930a17ade8de", "text": "K. C. Collins For the actor with a similar name , see Christopher Collins . K.C. Collins , also known as Chris Collins , is a Canadian film , voice and television actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a301dbe3a0b742104c9d36ca49db99fa", "text": "Mortgage Professionals Canada Mortgage Professionals Canada ( French : Professionnels Hypothécaires du Canada ) is the national association representing Canada 's mortgage industry . Mortgage Professionals Canada 's membership included 12,000 mortgage brokers , mortgage lenders , mortgage insurers and other industry stakeholders . Mortgage Professionals Canada ( formerly the Canadian Association of Accredited Mortgage Professionals or CAAMP ) provides the Accredited Mortgage Professional ( AMP ) designation in Canada ( French : CHA ) , to qualifying mortgage professionals . Mortgage Professionals Canada provides mortgage professionals with the Accredited Mortgage Professional ( AMP ) designation - the national designation for professionals in Canada 's mortgage industry . Mortgage Professionals Canada is also a consumer advocate , educating Canadian consumers about obtaining a mortgage , and providing access to a cross-country network of mortgage professionals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be904a4859247a01e7da0e36a064aedb", "text": "Jigar Jigar is a 1992 Bollywood martial arts action film directed by Farogh Siddique . It was inspired by the 1989 Hollywood movie Kickboxer . Jigar was released during Diwali weekend and proved to be successful . It was Ajay Devgn 's second success after Phool Aur Kaante and premiered at the Plaza cinema , Mumbai .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be3148e952d5fbcbe3b525f02375a171", "text": "Producers Guild Film Awards The Producers Guild Film Awards ( previously known as the Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Award ) is an accolade given by the Apsara Producers Guild to recognize excellence in Indian film and television . Originated by filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna , the Star Guild Awards have been one of the major award events since 2004 . The 22-karat gold statuette was sculpted and designed by the jewellery brand Tanishq and was `` inspired by the rich heritage of one of India 's most treasured possessions - the Ajanta and Ellora Caves . '' Nominations for the awards come from selected members of the guild , with the full membership ( around 160 ) available to vote for the winners . The ballots cast by the guild members are then taken to a common venue for the final counting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6824999d0d9238675aadedc41b2404f3", "text": "Bravo (Canada) Bravo ( styled bravo ) is a Canadian English language Category A cable and satellite specialty channel that is owned by Bell Media . The channel was founded as a Canadian version of the U.S. channel Bravo ( which is now owned by NBCUniversal ) , and originally focused on performing arts , drama , and independent film . However , as with its U.S. counterpart , the channel has largely dropped its arts programming , and now focuses primarily on mainstream films and scripted series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48505a4e30aed3797b5ff44c81bdc4ed", "text": "Chris Carter (actor) Chris Carter is a Canadian actor and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c528383333e9cc4a9ae676e8a9860bb2", "text": "CBC Film Festival CBC Film Festival is a Canadian feature film television series which aired on CBC Television from 1979 to 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81741427e0a4eea4c086007644a652f5", "text": "O'Brien Theatre (Arnprior) The O'Brien Theatre is a historic cinema in the town of Arnprior , Ontario . Arnprior 's first cinema opened on the site in 1906 , and the current building dates from 1919 . It was originally both a cinema and venue for vaudeville performances . With the growth in popularity of films the building renovated and became a full-time cinema in 1929 . It was owned by the Ottawa Valley Amusement Corporation , which owned a number of cinemas in the Ottawa Valley . Several other towns in the area had O'Brien cinemas , including Pembroke ( Demolished in 2000 ) Almonte ( Sold in 1970 to become the Royal Bank , currently a thrift store . ) The equally historic O'Brien Theatre in Renfrew , Ontario is the only other still open , and both theatres are today open for business . The Arnprior O'Brien theatre is owned by Kevin Marshall , and is no longer affiliated with the Renfrew O'Brien . Not part of any of the major theatre chains , the O'Brien has been owned by several small businesses and individuals over the last decades . In 2000 the theatre was completely refurbished and restored to its 1930s appearance , but with the added second screen on the upper level . In 2012 , a second large investment was made to update all of the equipment to Christie digital projectors and Doremi servers , providing new sound and picture . Currently running first release Hollywood film , also film booked through TIFF ( Toronto International Film Festival ) and `` Live at the Met '' Operas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d11e5c2bb0a428720b016d233c47287", "text": "Maple Pictures Maple Pictures Corporation was the distribution arm of Alliance Films . It was formed on April 13 , 2005 when Lions Gate Entertainment demerged to two companies -- Lions Gate Entertainment and Maple Pictures ( formerly Lions Gate Films , and before 1998 , Cinepix Film Properties ) . Maple Pictures was the official distributor for Lionsgate 's films and video library throughout Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6805506aef0348697efaffb632436f1", "text": "Gerry Dee Gerry Dee ( born December 31 , 1968 in Scarborough , Ontario ) is a Canadian actor and stand-up comedian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d235ceeb5d0eab06d79e89dc1752ef52", "text": "Claude Gagnon Claude Gagnon is a Canadian born director , actor , and producer . He was born in 1949 in Saint-Hyacinthe , Quebec . He performed as Don Costello at Return of the Street Fighter ( 1974 ) . He helped produce several films such as Visage pâle ( 1985 ) , Heaven ( 1999 ) , and Looking for Anne ( 2009 ) . He won the Directors Guild of Japan New Directors Award in 1979 for Keiko .", "title": "" } ]	fever
50014a53d0f82eff4c95a241c7d2989e	Diana is a solo album by Diana Ross.	[ { "docid": "8bbb0fddd3d2e2013797830696c8cc9d", "text": "Diana (album) Diana ( stylized as diana ) is the tenth studio solo album by American singer Diana Ross , released on May 22 , 1980 by Motown Records . The album is the biggest-selling studio album of Ross 's career , selling nine million copies worldwide and spawning three international hit singles , including the US number 1 hit `` Upside Down '' . All songs are composed , played and produced by Chic members Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e1ba94c8067eec60457e15b2f5e96146", "text": "The Essential Diana Ross: Some Memories Never Fade The Essential Diana Ross : Some Memories Never Fade is a residency show by American singer Diana Ross at The Venetian Las Vegas . The show features all of the singer 's hits with The Supremes and music from her solo career as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "492bbeb7b37cbe309622dbb3ea387704", "text": "Celine Dion Céline Marie Claudette Dion , ( -LSB- ˈdiːɒn -RSB- -LSB- seˈlɪn dziˈjɔ̃ -RSB- ; born 30 March 1968 ) is a Canadian singer and businesswoman . Born into a large family from Charlemagne , Quebec , Dion emerged as a teen star in the French-speaking world after her manager and future husband René Angélil mortgaged his home to finance her first record . Dion first gained international recognition in the 1980s by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest where she represented Switzerland . Following a series of French albums during the 1980s , she signed on to Epic Records in the United States . In 1990 , Dion released her debut English-language album , Unison , establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world . During the 1990s , with the help of Angélil , she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several English albums along with additional French albums . Her albums , Falling into You ( 1996 ) and Let 's Talk About Love ( 1997 ) , were both certified diamond in the US while D'eux ( 1995 ) became the best-selling French-language album of all time . She also scored a series of international number-one hits , including `` Nothing Broken but My Heart '' , `` The Power of Love '' , `` Think Twice '' , `` Because You Loved Me '' , `` It 's All Coming Back to Me Now '' , `` My Heart Will Go On '' , and `` I 'm Your Angel . '' However , in 1999 at the height of her success , Dion announced a hiatus from entertainment to start a family and spend time with her husband , who had been diagnosed with cancer . She returned to the top of pop music in 2002 and signed to perform nightly in A New Day ... ( 2003 -- 07 ) , a five-star theatrical show at the Colosseum at Caesars Palace , on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise , Nevada . It became the most successful residency show of all time , grossing US $ 385 million . Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R&B to gospel and classical . Her recordings are mainly in French and English , although she also sings in Spanish , Italian , German , Latin , Japanese , and Mandarin Chinese . While her releases have often received mixed critical reception , she is regarded as one of pop music 's most influential voices . Dion has won five Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year and Record of the Year . She is the second best-selling female artist in the US during the Nielsen SoundScan era . In 2003 , Dion was honoured by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry ( IFPI ) for selling over 50 million albums in Europe . Dion remains the best-selling Canadian artist and one of the best-selling artists of all time with record sales of over 200 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a07c2e9a7b3c90d48e61b18eaeb271e2", "text": "The Devil in Me The Devil in Me is the fifth album by Thelma Houston released in 1977 . While this album did not duplicate the commercial success of the Any Way You Like It album , it became a modest commercial success , peaking at # 64 in the US album chart / # 29 R&B . The lead single was the R&B and Club/Dance chart hit , `` I 'm Here Again '' . `` I Ca n't Go On Living Without Your Love '' was issued as a double-sided 12 '' single back-to-back with Diana Ross ' `` Your Love Is So Good to Me '' . The album was arranged by Kim Richmond , James Anthony Carmichael , Gordon C. Berg , Greg Wright , Michel Rubini and Michael Omartian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d7e218fa44d73d4e3fcd15472abff9f", "text": "Entertainer of the Year Entertainer of the Year is the twenty-first studio album by American country music singer-songwriter , Loretta Lynn . It was released on February 26 , 1973 , by MCA Records . Entertainer of the Year was titled after Lynn received the `` Entertainer of the Year '' award from the Country Music Association the previous year , becoming the first woman to win that award . The one and only single from the album was released in late 1972 , `` Rated X '' . The song was a self-penned song by Lynn and peaked at # 1 on the Billboard country chart in 1973 , her first # 1 hit since 1971 , and became also one of her more controversial songs , describing the double-standard frequently endured by divorced women at the time . The album was Lynn 's first studio album of 1973 , and Lynn would end up releasing an additional two for the year . The album was very successful on the Billboard album charts , peaking at # 1 on the Top Country Albums chart , and did not chart on the Billboard 200 . The album became Lynn 's fourth album to top the Top Country Albums chart . The album was Lynn 's first released on the MCA Records label , after the Decca label was retired by the company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3dbaa07f3368189288b2a7b3d076e3dc", "text": "A Motown Christmas A Motown Christmas is a Christmas music compilation album , originally released as a 2-LP set by Motown Records in 1973 . It contains various seasonal singles and album tracks recorded by some of the label 's artists from the 1960s and early 1970s . Much of the music had previously been collected on the 1968 UK compilation Merry Christmas from Motown . The music has several times been recycled into different packagings . In 1992 , the album was reissued on compact disc , with all 24 tracks from the original album on one CD . In 1999 , a new single-CD version was released , with a bonus track by Marvin Gaye added ( `` I Want to Come Home for Christmas '' ) . A second compilation , A Motown Christmas , Volume 2 , was issued on CD in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85871ffc52161cd53b1bb17fa6546ef8", "text": "All the Great Hits All the Great Hits can refer to : All the Great Hits ( Diana Ross album ) All the Great Hits ( Jimmy Buffett album ) All the Great Hits by The Commodores", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e05157c35875cc3b23b82d26afcc31e", "text": "All of You (Julio Iglesias and Diana Ross song) `` All of You '' is a 1984 vocal duet between Julio Iglesias and Diana Ross , produced by Richard Perry , which was released as a single from both Iglesias 's album 1100 Bel Air Place , released on the Columbia Records label , and Ross 's album Swept Away , released on the RCA Records label , for which Ross was then recording .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38c2c4b2a8ee2dabc22e6f59e4c9f5a5", "text": "E=MC² (Mariah Carey album) E = MC ² is the eleventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey . It was released in the United States on April 15 , 2008 by Island Records . The singer began recording the album in 2007 in Anguilla , after writing and composing most of its material during and after her 2006 Adventures of Mimi Tour . Carey worked with several notable songwriters and producers during the course of the project , including Jermaine Dupri , Bryan-Michael Cox , Stargate , The-Dream , Tricky Stewart , Scott Storch and Danja . The album revealed a more personal side of the singer , illustrated in its declarative theme of emancipation from her previous marriage , and from her personal and professional setbacks . Although it shared similar vocal production as well as an inclination to her signature pop and R&B ballads , the album also encompassed a variety of dance-oriented and uptempo styles . It was meant to be a continuation , or a second part of her tenth studio album , The Emancipation of Mimi ( 2005 ) . Carey collaborated with a number of artists on the album , including T-Pain , Damian Marley and Young Jeezy . Though considered by critics very similar to the formula its predecessor had been built on , E = MC ² included other genres she had never explored , such as reggae , and her continued recording of gospel-influenced hymns . E = MC ² was generally well received by music critics , with many complimenting the record 's broad genre influences , and musical and production styles . Some critics , however , felt that the album was too similar to The Emancipation of Mimi , and did n't offer anything new from the formula . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with opening week sales of 463,000 copies ; the highest first-week sales of Carey 's career . It opened inside the top-five on the albums chart in Australia , Canada , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . The album achieved worldwide sales of over 2.5 million copies . Four singles were commission in promotion of the album . The album 's lead single , `` Touch My Body '' , became Carey 's eighteenth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100 , making her the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history , surpassing the record held by Elvis Presley . Additionally , it gave Carey her 79th week atop the chart , tying Presley for most weeks at number one . It achieved strong worldwide charting , peaking within the top five of the singles charts in Italy , Japan , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . `` Bye Bye '' served as the album 's second release . Although hailed by critics , and expected to have achieved large commercial success , the song stalled at number nineteen on the Hot 100 , and managed to chart weakly internationally . Both the third and fourth singles , `` I 'll Be Lovin ' U Long Time '' and `` I Stay in Love '' failed to garner success in any prominent music market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f8fc78e23e6659cc761d0903555fe56", "text": "Diana Spencer (disambiguation) Diana Spencer ( 1961 -- 1997 ) was the first wife of Charles , Prince of Wales . Diana Spencer may also refer to : Diana Spencer ( classicist ) , professor of classics Diana Russell , Duchess of Bedford ( née Lady Diana Spencer , 1710 -- 1735 ) , wife of John Russell , 4th Duke of Bedford Lady Diana Beauclerk ( née Lady Diana Spencer , 1734 -- 1808 ) , English noblewoman and artist", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9935788f9b46fe56cfeedc926db246ce", "text": "The Miracles discography The Miracles were the Motown Record Corporation 's first group and its first million-selling recording artists . During their nineteen-year run on the American music charts , The Miracles charted over fifty hits and recorded in the genres of doo wop , soul , disco , and R&B . Twenty-six Miracles songs reached the Top Ten of the Billboard R&B singles chart , including four R&B number ones . Sixteen of the Miracles ' songs charted within the Top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100 , with seven of those songs reaching the Top Ten and two -- 1970 's `` The Tears of a Clown '' and 1975 's `` Love Machine '' ( Part 1 ) -- reaching number-one . A third song , the million-selling `` Shop Around '' reached # 1 on the Cash Box magazine Pop chart . The Miracles also scored 11 U.S. R&B Top 10 Albums , including 2 - # 1 's . According to several websites , the Miracles are one of the most oft-covered groups in recorded history and the most covered Motown group ever . Their music and songs have influenced artists all over the world -- in every major musical genre -- over the last 50 years . They also have the distinction of having more songs inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame than any other Motown group . ( Original lineup : Claudette Rogers Robinson , Bobby Rogers , Ronnie White , Smokey Robinson , Marv Tarplin , Pete Moore ) . All releases were on Motown Records ' Tamla subsidiary label unless otherwise indicated . In the 1960s , Motown Record Corporation , like many independent labels , did not register sales figures through the RIAA , the organization that certifies and awards Gold Records . So it is difficult to determine the full number of Miracles songs and recordings that sold a million or more records . Also , with the passing of decades of time , some songs that did not sell a million records on their initial release may have indeed done so over the years . However , several reference works , such as the books Hits Of The Sixties : The Million Sellers by Demitri Coryton & Joseph Murrells , as well as The Book Of Golden Discs - by Joseph Murrells - point out that the Miracles had several million - selling records during their career , including the following : Shop Around ( 1961 ) , You 've Really Got a Hold on Me ( 1962 ) , Mickey 's Monkey ( 1963 ) , The Tracks Of My Tears ( 1965 ) , Going To A Go-Go , ( single and album ) ( 1965 ) , I Second That Emotion ( 1967 ) , Baby Baby Do n't Cry ( 1969 ) , The Tears of a Clown * ( 1970 ) , Do It Baby ( 1974 ) , Love Machine * ( 1975 ) , and the Platinum album City Of Angels ( 1975 ) . This is quite probably an incomplete list , since Miracle Pete Moore states on his corporate website , that The Miracles actually had 12 Gold Records to their credit by 1967 , including 1965 's Ooo Baby Baby . multi-million sellers . Note : The Miracles ' 2006 DVD release The Definitive Performances ( 1963 -- 1987 ) was also certified Gold by the R.I.A.A.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "275664bcd87b4620bff410f3595e85a4", "text": "Diana Vickers discography The discography of Diana Vickers , a British singer-songwriter , consists of two studio albums , one extended play , and seven singles . Vickers debuted in 2008 as a contestant on the The X Factor , a British television music competition . Her fourth-place finish brought Vickers to the attention of RCA Records , which signed her in 2009 . Vickers released her debut studio album Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree in May 2010 . The album reached number one on the United Kingdom albums chart and the top ten of the Irish and Scottish album charts . In August 2010 , it was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Two singles were released from the album : `` Once '' and `` The Boy Who Murdered Love '' , with `` Once '' peaking at number one in the UK . `` My Wicked Heart '' , a non-album song , followed in late 2010 . In July 2011 , Vickers parted ways with RCA Records citing `` musical differences '' in the direction for the second album as the reason behind the mutual split . In February 2013 , it was revealed that Vickers had signed a worldwide record deal with So Recordings . On 9 April 2013 , it was confirmed that the lead single to Vickers ' second album is titled `` Cinderella '' , with a preview snippet being made available on iTunes . `` Cinderella '' was released to digital retailers on 21 July 2013 in the UK . Vickers ' second album titled , Music to Make Boys Cry followed on 15 September 2013 in the UK and Ireland along with the title track serving as the album 's second single . The album charted at number thirty-seven on the UK Albums Chart and number nine on the UK Indie Chart on 22 September 2013 . It also broke into the Top 20 of the Irish Independent Albums Chart peaking at number nineteen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b85e5e535df1e04c710a447ce2233eb7", "text": "Just Whitney Just Whitney is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Whitney Houston , released on December 10 , 2002 in North America by Arista Records . It was her first studio album in four years , since 1998 's My Love Is Your Love , and after signing her new $ 100 million Arista contract in 2001 . The album debuted at number nine on the Billboard 200 , and number three of Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums , with sales of 205,147 copies in the first week , not only beating her previous high first-week sales of 177,284 units with the Waiting to Exhale soundtrack but also logged her highest debut sales out of her SoundScan-era solo albums . The album received mixed reviews from music critics . It spawned four official singles -- with three ; `` Whatchulookinat '' , `` Love That Man '' and `` Try It on My Own '' peaking at number one on Billboards Hot Dance Club Play chart . `` Try It on My Own '' also peaked at number 10 on Billboards Adult Contemporary singles . Since its release , Just Whitney ... has gone on to sell/ship more than 2 million units worldwide and has also earned Platinum certification in the US and Switzerland and Gold in France , Brazil and other countries . As of 2012 , the album 's US sales stand at approximately 1 million units . In 2003 , Just Whitney ... was nominated at the Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards in the category for Best R&B / Soul Album of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3facbe3889358a50169daa89645777cb", "text": "Full Moon (Brandy album) Full Moon is the third studio album by American R&B recording artist Brandy . It was released by Atlantic Records on March 5 , 2002 . The album was recorded primarily during the summer and fall of 2001 at The Hit Factory in Miami , amid a three-year musical hiatus following the success of her multi-platinum previous studio album Never Say Never ( 1998 ) and the finale of her highly successful television sitcom Moesha in May 2001 . As with Never Say Never , Brandy collaborated with producer Rodney Jerkins and his Darkchild production and songwriting team on the majority of the album 's composition , while additional work from Mike City , Warryn Campbell , and Keith Crouch was contributed . Brandy credited Whitney Houston , Kim Burrell and Enya for inspiring her to push the limits of her voice and vocal arrangements . With Brandy in a relationship with one of the album 's primary musicians , its lyrical concepts centered on both sensual and frustrated feelings toward a lover . Jerkins credited Michael Jackson , Brandy 's voice , and his experiences at European nightclubs for influencing the sound of the album . Lyrically , the album speaks on love in all its forms . Musically , Full Moon drew inspiration from UK garage , electro , dance , glitch , and funktronica , while blending soul and R&B elements into adult contemporary ballads . At the time of its release , the album received mixed reviews from music critics , but has since earned retrospective acclaim and recognition from musicians , singers , and producers , primarily for Brandy 's vocal work . The album became Norwood 's highest-charting album , as well as garnering two Grammy Award nominations including Best Contemporary R&B Album at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony . Full Moon debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart , and at number two on the Billboard 200 , selling approximately 156,000 copies in its first week of release , and has been certified platinum by the RIAA . The album spawned three singles -- `` What About Us ? '' , `` Full Moon `` and `` He Is '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac944516232c8f3f2601e6308b72be58", "text": "Records and achievements of Madonna American singer Madonna , throughout her career , spanning three decades , has obtained a remarkable series of statistical achievements , setting and breaking several world records with her participation in entrepreneurial activities , of acting and her performance in the musical scene for her videos , singles , albums , and tours . Her first appearance in the Guinness Book of World Records was in 1986 with her third studio album , True Blue . Since then , she has earned multiple appearances , some 20 at least in February 2012 , including her insigne record title as the top-selling female recording artist of all time . Madonna 's commerciality has achieved scrutiny studies and analysis from different point of view in the academia world or by marketers , through her marketing strategies , controversies and reinvention , surpassing to others new or contemporary artists . In popular culture , many international artists have been called `` Madonna '' , many times , by their impact and success in their respective countries or genres . Also , her presence in popular culture , has been led to create world records about Madonna . Dubbed as the most successful and most influential female artist of all time , Madonna 's music is defined in several occasions , for changing contemporary music history for women 's , mainly rock , dance and pop scene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c03892ae6d2f84fe6b434316d054fe48", "text": "Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree is the debut studio album by English singer and songwriter Diana Vickers . Originally set for a November 2009 release , the album was postponed due to Vickers ' leading role in the West End play The Rise and Fall of Little Voice , and it was finally released on 3 May 2010 in the United Kingdom . Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree debuted atop the UK Albums Chart , selling 35,951 copies in its first week of release . In August 2010 , the album was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . `` Once '' was released on 19 April 2010 as the lead single from the album , peaking at number one on the UK Singles Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "012fcef9cc087ab935852c043b3431ae", "text": "Forever Came Today `` Forever Came Today '' is a 1967 song written and produced by the Motown collective of Holland -- Dozier -- Holland , and was first made into a hit as a single for Diana Ross & the Supremes in early 1968 . A disco version of the song was released as a single seven years later by Motown group The Jackson 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24b10ad144011b3b9b057efdf887d9f1", "text": "Anthology (The Supremes album) Anthology , also known as Anthology : The Best of The Supremes , first released in May 1974 , is a series of same or similarly titled compilation albums by The Supremes . Motown released revised versions in 1986 , 1995 and 2001 . In its initial version , a 35-track triple record collection of hits and rare material , the album charted at # 24 on Billboard 's `` Black Albums '' and # 66 on `` Pop Albums '' . In 2003 , Rolling Stone Magazine listed the 2001 version of the album at # 431 in its list of `` Rolling Stone 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time '' . Without specifying which edition , music journalist Robert Christgau lists the album as part of his recommended `` core collection '' of albums representing rock music before 1980 . According to Motown data , the 1974 and 1986 releases combined sold over 1,100,000 copies in the USA , while the 1995 edition sold around 125,000 copies . The fourth and final edition released in 2001 managed to sell around 75,000 USA copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0642de2c2ae77e509e20af33e49935c5", "text": "Ella (Ella Fitzgerald album) Ella is a 1969 studio album by the American jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald . The first of two albums recorded for the Warner Bros. owned Reprise label . This album continues the theme set on Fitzgerald 's previous album , consisting in the main part of cover versions of popular songs from the late 1960s . The production of this recording was in the hands of Richard Perry , who had joined the Reprise label in 1967 . Perry later went on the produce albums by Barbra Streisand and Diana Ross . The album was re-issued on CD with alternative artwork , in 1989 . Released together on one CD with Ella 's final album recorded for Reprise label , Things Ai n't What They Used to Be ( And You Better Believe It ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d3e1d93355b2af6d299e37e274050a0", "text": "Swept Away (Diana Ross song) `` Swept Away '' is a rock-flavored dance song written by Daryl Hall with Sara Allen . It was produced by Hall with Arthur Baker , and recorded by superstar singer Diana Ross for her successful album of the same name . Ross released the song as a single on the RCA label in 1984 . The song talked about how the narrator thought she was in love with a special person only to find out that she had just been `` swept away '' after catching her lover cheating on her sending her into a rage and panic . In the sensual music video , directed by Dominic Orlando in Manhattan and on location in Long Island , Diana is seduced by a Frenchman and falls in love with him only to find out , after arriving unannounced in a bar , that he 's cheating on her with another French girl in a stylized Apache Dance . She then confronts the man - hitting him repeatedly - who ends up being knocked unconscious by the singer . Later in the video , the Frenchman tries to fight his way back into her life only to have Ross push him from a lighthouse tower into the water . It was one of her most popular videos , and her first to air on MTV . The music video was blown up to 35mm for projection during Diana Ross ' live performances at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas . There 's also an extended version of the video edited for the 12 '' dance club remix . Baker had been a club DJ turned remixer who was just breaking into production , and the twelve-inch version became one of Ross ' most successful , reaching number one on the Dance/Disco chart . The single also reached nineteen on the US pop singles chart and number three on the R&B singles chart .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e07b66785c1dabdc429333a4a948a0c4	The Silence of the Lambs was a film.	[ { "docid": "7446497c63b64abfc2cb50f330edc6c4", "text": "The Silence of the Lambs (film) The Silence of the Lambs is a 1991 American horror-thriller film directed by Jonathan Demme and starring Jodie Foster , Anthony Hopkins , and Scott Glenn . Adapted by Ted Tally from the 1988 novel of the same name by Thomas Harris , his second to feature the character of Dr. Hannibal Lecter ; a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer , the film was the second adaptation of a Harris novel featuring Lecter , preceded by the Michael Mann-directed Manhunter in 1986 . In the film , Clarice Starling , a young U.S. FBI trainee , seeks the advice of the imprisoned Dr. Lecter to apprehend another serial killer , known only as `` Buffalo Bill '' . The Silence of the Lambs was released on February 14 , 1991 , and grossed $ 272.7 million worldwide against its $ 19 million budget . It was only the third film , the other two being It Happened One Night and One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest , to win Academy Awards in all the top five categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director , and Adapted Screenplay . It is also the first ( and so far only ) Best Picture winner widely considered to be a horror film , and only the third such film to be nominated in the category , after The Exorcist in 1973 and Jaws in 1975 . The film is considered `` culturally , historically or aesthetically '' significant by the U.S. Library of Congress and was selected to be preserved in the National Film Registry in 2011 . A sequel titled Hannibal was released in 2001 with Hopkins reprising his role , followed by two prequels : Red Dragon ( 2002 ) and Hannibal Rising ( 2007 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb583fdfca5ab895d7190a02243a400f", "text": "Jesus Christ Superstar (film) Jesus Christ Superstar is a 1973 American musical drama film directed by Norman Jewison and co-written by Jewison and Melvyn Bragg based on the Andrew Lloyd Webber/Tim Rice rock opera of the same name . The film , starring Ted Neeley , Carl Anderson , Yvonne Elliman , and Barry Dennen , centers on the conflict between Judas and Jesus during the week before the crucifixion of Jesus . Neeley and Anderson were nominated for two Golden Globe Awards in 1974 for their portrayals of Jesus and Judas , respectively . Although it attracted criticism from some religious groups , reviews for the film were positive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7b85536c488bf909a45a42502e300f5", "text": "This Happy Breed (film) This Happy Breed is a 1944 British Technicolor drama film directed by David Lean . The screenplay by Lean , Anthony Havelock-Allan and Ronald Neame is based on the 1939 play of the same title by Noël Coward . The title , a reference to the English people , is a phrase from John of Gaunt 's monologue in Act II , Scene 1 of William Shakespeare 's Richard II . ( Laurence Olivier provides the uncredited introductory narration . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70547857d976e7a5dd6bbb5d028bfe09", "text": "The Damned United The Damned United is a 2009 British biographical sports drama film directed by Tom Hooper and adapted by Peter Morgan from David Peace 's bestselling novel The Damned Utd , a largely fictional book based on the author 's interpretation of Brian Clough 's ill-fated tenure as football manager of Leeds United in 1974 . It was produced by BBC Films and Left Bank Pictures with additional funding from Screen Yorkshire and Columbia Pictures . Sony Pictures Entertainment distributed the film . The film was originally proposed by Stephen Frears but he pulled out of the project in November 2007 . Hooper took his place and film was shot from May to July 2008 . The film marks the fifth collaboration between screenwriter Peter Morgan and actor Michael Sheen who plays Clough . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 27 March 2009 and in North America on 25 September . The film grossed $ 4.1 million worldwide against a $ 10 million production budget . The film received nominations for the British Independent Film Award for Best Supporting Actor , the ALFS Award for British Supporting Actor of the Year , the Satellite Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture , Drama and Best Actor in a Supporting Role and the Writers ' Guild of Great Britain Award for Best Feature Film Screenplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5d33db3c8be1f71c2573739ade10484", "text": "Hear the Silence Hear the Silence is a 2003 semi-fictional TV drama based on the MMR vaccine controversy , which started when Andrew Wakefield published a paper claiming a possible link between the MMR vaccine and autism . It debuted on December 15 , 2003 at 9 PM on the British network Five . The film , produced at a cost of about 1 million pounds , stars Hugh Bonneville as Wakefield and Juliet Stevenson as Christine Shields , a fictional mother who discovers the possible MMR-autism link when her son is diagnosed as autistic . Stevenson 's character begins telling doctor after doctor that her son seemed to develop autism soon after he received the MMR vaccine , but she does not receive any sympathy from them , nor does she receive any from her boss , or even her husband . However , this all changes when she meets Dr. Wakefield , who believes her statements about the MMR vaccine causing her son 's autism . The film then shows fictional government officials `` plotting '' Wakefield 's `` demise '' , which they intend to bring about by portraying his research as flawed . Although never documented in reality , the film depicts Wakefield being targeted by the government : his phone is tapped and his files are stolen . The film attracted 1.2 million viewers on the first night it screened , considerably fewer than usual for Channel Five 's films that debut at 9 PM , which often get more than 2 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b5da3c1d85a6cfd26a3908b78694f52", "text": "Brides of Christ This article is about the Australian television show . For the early 1900s American religious cult see Edmund Creffield . For nuns , see nun . Brides of Christ was an Australian television miniseries produced by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in 1991 . The series takes place behind the walls of a Sydney convent school and deals with the struggles of both the Roman Catholic nuns and the young students to adapt to the many social changes taking place within the church and the outside world during the 1960s . Six fifty-minute episodes were made . Each episode focused on a particular story and set of characters . Some characters would appear in multiple episodes with varying levels of prominence from episode to episode . Lead characters in one episode might appear in a support role in another episode . Josephine Byrnes ' character was the focus of both the first and last episodes . In her first major role , Naomi Watts starred as Frances , one of the students . One episode also guest starred the then unknown Russell Crowe as a young man distressed about being called up for the Vietnam War . The series was filmed on location at St Mary 's Tower 's , Douglas Park , New South Wales , Santa Sabina College , Strathfield , New South Wales and St Scholastica 's College , Glebe , New South Wales . The entire series has since been released on DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca8efce82ef47fc5aebc28fe47ce0a48", "text": "Judas (2004 film) Judas is a 2004 Biblical television drama film depicting the intertwined lives of Judas Iscariot and Jesus of Nazareth . The story depicts Judas as having sympathetic motives , desiring to free the Jewish people from Roman rule . It was shot in Ouarzazate , Morocco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a0423da9e04a788fc8df7a04ebf370d", "text": "Killing Silence Killing Silence ( German : Tötendes Schweigen ) is a 1920 German silent film directed by Artur Holz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eae4dac4515b8fe08152bc5183256c1", "text": "Thomas W. Lamb Thomas White Lamb ( 1871 -- 1942 ) was an American architect , born in Scotland . He is noted as one of the foremost designers of theaters and cinemas in the 20th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "764507217f4ce88ea10d490a41a6964d", "text": "The Silence (2010 film) The Silence ( Das letzte Schweigen ) is a 2010 German thriller film directed by Baran bo Odar , after the German crime fiction novel The Silence ( Das Schweigen ) by Jan Costin Wagner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "477be4b0a77c4dd49aeda3ca61a368f5", "text": "Soldiers of the Cross (film) Soldiers of the Cross was an illustrated lecture , combining photographic glass slides with short dramatised film segments and orchestral or choir music to relate the stories of Christ and the early Christian martyrs . It was made in Australia by the Limelight Department of the Salvation Army and was released in 1901 . It initially consisted of 200 glass slides and 15 films , each film running for approximately 90 seconds . The presentation took slightly over two hours . It is not the world 's first feature film but it has been argued it is the first narrative drama film presentation . No motion picture film from Soldiers of the Cross is known to have survived . However some glass slides of the production remain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5805475987aff61182bfaca01a7b4b3f", "text": "The Empty Mirror The Empty Mirror is an experimental dramatic feature-length film using historical images and speculative fiction to study the life and mind of Adolf Hitler . The film is a psychological journey that examines the nature of evil and the dark strands of human nature . The 1996 film premiered at the Cannes International Film Festival and was released theatrically by Lions Gate Films . The film had its cable premiere on HBO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1858f2a1ad18f92664f9e86ac7b9e9da", "text": "Les Misérables (1909 film) Les Misérables is a 1909 American silent historical drama proto-feature film ( four short films that can be seen separately , but when combined appear as a short film series resembling that of a full-length feature film ) . The proto-feature movie is based on the 1862 French novel of the same name by Victor Hugo , and stars Maurice Costello and William V. Ranous . It was directed by J. Stuart Blackton . Distributed by the Vitagraph Company of America , the film consists of four reels . The reels were released over the course of three months , from September 4 to November 27 , 1909 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cdbf0c29614770b7a9bc53bd84deebb", "text": "Brother Martin: Servant of Jesus Brother Martin : Servant of Jesus ( 1942 ) is a race film written and directed by Spencer Williams . The film featured an all-black cast and was produced exclusively for exhibition in U.S. cinemas serving African American communities . It was among a number of religious-themed feature films created by Williams during the 1940s , who also wrote and directed The Blood of Jesus ( 1941 ) and Go Down , Death ! ( 1944 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22f8400cf2b61c84e1eff0e8dad9e195", "text": "Redemptive Film Festival Redemptive Film Festival is a film festival located in Virginia Beach , Virginia . Founded in 2006 , it has been an annual event in November . It showcases films , both shorts and of feature-length , professional and students filmmakers . Entries are judged by a panel of film and television professionals . The festival awards the Redemptive Storyteller Award to all films that meet its standard of excellence . The festival aims at providing a forum for filmmakers ( professionals or students ) , to showcase and be rewarded for their work on themes that depict the redemptive purposes of God , either through human beings or supernatural occurrences ; and to participate in the process of redeeming and empowering victims of modern-day slavery . For the purposes of this competition , a redemptive film is any film whose main purpose is to depict the act of redeeming , rescuing , or delivering any person from a state of crisis or helplessness . The festival believes that most often , God uses humans to redeem other humans , though sometimes He intervenes through other methods , and therefore they look for films that portray this . Films which demean religion , include gratuitous violence , nudity or profanity are not suited for this competition . Films do not need to reflect Christian teachings but must adhere to basic Judeo-Christian Values , such as the respect for life , justice and morality . The Redemptive Film Festival is not just interested in promoting redemptive films , but they are also actively involved in the process of redemption . Proceeds from the festival are donated to helping to rescue and empower the victims of modern-day slavery . Today there are more than 27 million slaves in the world , more than the number of people extracted from Africa throughout the 400 years of the slave trade . Towards this end , the Redemptive Film Festival partners with the International Justice Mission , a human rights agency that secures justice for victims of slavery , sexual exploitation and other forms of violent oppression . IJM lawyers , investigators and aftercare professionals work with local officials to ensure immediate victim rescue and aftercare , to prosecute perpetrators and to promote functioning public justice systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abe906c9ea3dcfc40f57a972049224b5", "text": "Lamb (2015 American film) Lamb is an American drama film , written and directed by Ross Partridge . The film was adapted by the novel of the same name , by Bonnie Nadzam . The film stars Ross Partridge , Oona Laurence , Jess Weixler and Tom Bower . The film had its world premiere at the SXSW film festival on March 14 , 2015 . The film was released in a limited release on January 8 , 2016 , before being released through video on demand on January 12 , 2016 by The Orchard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f07e0130a8a47f6c2214243e704560a", "text": "The Left was Never Right The Left was Never Right was a book published in June 1945 by Quintin Hogg , the Conservative MP for Oxford , which examined the speeches and policies of politicians from the Labour Party and the Liberal Party concerning armaments and appeasement . These were contrasted to quotes by Conservative MPs such as Winston Churchill and Sir Austen Chamberlain supporting British rearmament and against appeasement of Germany . The books dust-jacket quoted Jesus ' remark : `` Out of thine own mouth will I judge thee '' from Luke 19:22 . Hogg stated that the Gollancz books were `` morally wicked , unpatriotic and factually incorrect . The Left Was Never Right was an attempt to set the record straight and to establish that unpreparedness before the war was largely the consequence of the policies of the parties of the Left '' . It was the only book published which specifically countered Gollancz publications such as Guilty Men . In his memoirs , Hogg wrote that although the book was `` a success ... it was too little too late to counteract the impression made by the earlier Gollancz publications '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e696158276dba517540f0d21ce44294", "text": "Ron Bozman Ron Bozman is an American film producer who won an Academy Award for Best Picture in 1991 for the film The Silence of the Lambs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0980d9f38d09b28a09138ec1bebc95e8", "text": "The Sacrifice The Sacrifice ( Offret ) is a 1986 Swedish film directed by Andrei Tarkovsky . Starring Erland Josephson , it centers on a middle-aged intellectual who attempts to bargain with God to stop an impending nuclear holocaust . The Sacrifice was Tarkovsky 's third film as a Soviet expatriate , after Nostalghia and the documentary Voyage in Time , and was also his last , as he died shortly after its completion . Like 1972 's Solaris , it won the Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca22ac7cb718acabc226442ba432625f", "text": "Land of the Blind Land of the Blind is a 2006 British-American black comedy drama film starring Ralph Fiennes , Donald Sutherland , Tom Hollander and Lara Flynn Boyle . Land of the Blind is a dark political satire , based on several incidents throughout history in which tyrannical rulers were overthrown by new leaders who proved to be just as bad , if not worse , and subtle references are made to several such cases . The title is taken from the saying , `` In the land of the blind , the one-eyed man is king . '' Land of the Blind had its world premiere in competition at the International Film Festival Rotterdam , and was the Opening Night Gala film at the 2006 Human Rights Watch Film Festival in London . Its U.S. premiere was in competition at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival . The film sparked intense reaction during its festival run , attacked by both left and right , each of which saw the film as a critique of its position . Historical references in the film include Jean-Paul Marat ( from the French Revolution ) , Kim Jong-Il , Joseph Stalin , Benito Mussolini , Augusto Pinochet , Anastasio Somoza Debayle , François Duvalier , Rudolph Hess , Jean-Claude Duvalier , Lyndon B. Johnson , Julius Caesar ( from William Shakespeare 's play ) , Robert Mugabe , Ngo Dinh Diem , Idi Amin , the PIRA Maze prison protests , U.S. POWs in Vietnam , the Weathermen terrorist group , the Khmer Rouge , the 1979 Revolution in Iran , and the subsequent Cultural Revolution in that country .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c7c2b41adfdf21833c4e590abe4f47c8	Megan Fox ended her acting career in 2001.	[ { "docid": "8c28604aed6fe12f8566dd85e3e4f4bd", "text": "Megan Fox Megan Denise Fox ( born May 16 , 1986 ) is an American actress and model . She began her acting career in 2001 , with several minor television and film roles , and played a regular role on the Hope & Faith television sitcom . In 2004 , she made her film debut with a role in the teen comedy Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen . In 2007 , she co-starred as Mikaela Banes , the love interest of Shia LaBeouf 's character , in the blockbuster action film Transformers , which became her breakout role . Fox reprised her role in the 2009 sequel , Transformers : Revenge of the Fallen . Later in 2009 , she starred as the eponymous lead in the black comedy horror film Jennifer 's Body . Fox is also considered one of the modern female sex symbols and has appeared in magazines such as Maxim , Rolling Stone and FHM .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d74dce81d4e52bcea93a9272b14970da", "text": "Pork and Burns `` Pork and Burns '' is the eleventh episode of the twenty-eighth season of the animated television series The Simpsons , and the 607th episode of the series overall . It aired in the United States on Fox on January 8 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0d7c67035dbaabf441da3e55aef2a75", "text": "Phoenix (2004 TV series) Phoenix ( , lit . Firebird ) is a 2004 drama/romance South Korean television series starring Lee Seo-jin , Lee Eun-ju , Jung Hye-young and Eric Mun . It aired on MBC from April 5 to June 29 , 2004 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 26 episodes . It was about a couple who fell in love , but could n't be together . They meet years later and their fortunes are switched . In the end they have a serious talk and decide that it is finally `` the right time '' for them to be together again . With average viewership ratings of 25.3 % and a peak of 31.4 % , Phoenix was among the top-rated Korean dramas that aired on MBC in 2004 . All four lead actors received acting recognition at the 2004 MBC Drama Awards . This is the last TV appearance of actress Lee Eun-ju who committed suicide the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21aab0c3bdfda32c53d1b2a630514d47", "text": "Sunshine Days `` Sunshine Days '' is the eighteenth and penultimate episode of the ninth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files , and the series ' 200th episode overall . It originally aired on the Fox network on May 12 , 2002 . The entry was written and directed by executive producer Vince Gilligan . The episode is a `` monster-of-the-week '' episode , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the mythology , or overarching fictional history , of The X-Files . `` Sunshine Days '' earned a Nielsen household rating of 6.2 , was viewed by 6.5 million households , and 10.4 million viewers in its initial broadcast . It received mixed reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files ; this season focuses on the investigations of John Doggett ( Robert Patrick ) , Monica Reyes ( Annabeth Gish ) , and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) . In this episode , Doggett , Reyes , Walter Skinner ( Mitch Pileggi ) and Scully stumble on to a bizarre murder case where the main suspect is a man with an unusual obsession for The Brady Bunch . Despite their initial differences -- both in investigative style and love of The Brady Bunch -- the four of them soon learn that the man 's telekinetic ability is the ultimate , undeniable proof of an X-File . The episode marked Gilligan 's second directorial effort , after season seven 's `` Je Souhaite '' . The Brady Bunch house set featured in the episode was completely rebuilt . According to Anderson , people came `` from all over Los Angeles '' to get their pictures taken on the set . In addition , it contained several elaborate effects . `` Sunshine Days '' was the final `` monster-of-the-week '' entry in the series ; the series finale , `` The Truth '' would deal with the series ' overarching alien colonization mythology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8da8267e9f8fca652e931f1853ab92a", "text": "North Shore (TV series) North Shore is an American prime-time soap opera that aired on Fox every Monday at 8 p.m. EST ( 7 p.m. CST ) for seven months in 2004 and 2005 . It centered on the staff and guests of the fictional Grand Waimea Hotel and Resort ( actually the real-life Turtle Bay Resort located near Kahuku , O'ahu ) on Oahu 's North Shore in Hawaii . From Fox 's website : Intrigue abounds at the Grand Waimea Hotel , an exclusive Hawaiian escape for the wealthy , powerful and beautiful . Hawaiian native Jason Matthews runs the hotel and makes sure every guest gets everything they need . But when former flame Nicole Booth arrives as the hotel 's new Director of Guest Relations , Jason 's world is turned upside down . But Grand Waimea owner , Vincent Colville , is staying on top of him to make sure his past with Nicole wo n't affect their work life . North Shore premiered on June 14 , 2004 , with a 13-episode commitment from Fox . The show was canceled in January 2005 after a 21-episode , single-season run . The show ended on a cliffhanger , and the final episode of the series has only had a single airing , not being shown in most territories ( including America ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97bd209efddfbc59992f1a6bb2557552", "text": "List of The Bernie Mac Show episodes The following is a list of episodes for the Fox sitcom The Bernie Mac Show . The show ran for five seasons from 2001 to 2006 with 104 episodes produced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c73fff0da18af7d03ae0f1eaff175c8", "text": "Three Words (The X-Files) `` Three Words '' is the sixteenth episode of the eighth season ( and the 177th episode overall ) of the science fiction television series The X-Files . It first aired in the United States and Canada on April 8 , 2001 , on Fox . It was written by executive producers Chris Carter and Frank Spotnitz , and directed by Tony Wharmby . The episode explores the series ' overarching mythology and earned a Nielsen rating of 7.6 and was viewed by 7.77 million households , receiving mixed to positive reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) , Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) and John Doggett ( Robert Patrick ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . In this episode , Mulder secretly conducts his own investigation after a man is gunned down on the White House lawn attempting to inform the President of a planned alien invasion . However , he is soon in over his head as he tries to expose further evidence of colonization . The episode was written as a way to signal Mulder 's exit from the FBI . The producers and writers felt that , if Mulder 's character was given a clean exit , the show could more easily focus on the characters of John Doggett and Monica Reyes in the following season . Former series star and recurring actor David Duchovny later declared that he had been happy to see his character depart in this manner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bda43cb154dcbe2137360c5a7d1f1a2", "text": "Colleen Zenk Colleen Zenk ( born January 20 , 1953 ) is an American actress best known for her role as Barbara Ryan in the daytime TV drama As the World Turns , a role she played from September 1978 until the show left the air in September 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058841511de266ec0e52355ff28362d2", "text": "Never Again (The X-Files) `` Never Again '' is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files . It was written by producers Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed by Rob Bowman . The episode aired in the United States on February 2 , 1997 on the Fox network and in the United Kingdom on BBC One on December 3 , 1997 . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . The episode received a Nielsen rating of 13 and was viewed by 21.36 million viewers . It received mostly positive reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Scully leaves town -- and Mulder -- for a solo assignment . She soon meets Ed Jerse , a man who is being mentally controlled by a drug-related side effect of his tattoo . His tattoo , affectionately named Betty , does not want to share him , especially not with Scully . Although `` Never Again '' was directed by Bowman , it was originally scheduled to be directed by noted movie director Quentin Tarantino . Tarantino was unable to direct the entry due to a dispute with the Directors Guild of America . Gillian Anderson was particularly pleased with the episode showing a different side of Scully ; she had specifically asked Morgan and Wong to write an episode that explored Scully 's dark side . Several cast members from Morgan and Wong 's series Space : Above and Beyond were cast in the episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55911d699a372c3a068f18c49f1f527c", "text": "The Simpsons (season 25) The Simpsons '' ' twenty-fifth season began airing on Fox on September 29 , 2013 and ended on May 18 , 2014 . In this season , Homer sells his Mapple stock to buy a bowling ball ; Marge blames herself and Kiss for Bart 's rebellious streak ( `` Four Regrettings and a Funeral '' ) ; Lisa becomes a cheerleader for Springfield 's football team ; and Homer delivers a baby ( `` Labor Pains '' ) . Guest stars for this season include Judd Apatow , Will Arnett , Anderson Cooper , Harlan Ellison , Zach Galifianakis , Stan Lee , Eva Longoria , Rachel Maddow , Elisabeth Moss , Joe Namath , Daniel Radcliffe , Aaron Sorkin , and Kristen Wiig . This is Al Jean 's 13th consecutive season as showrunner and 15th overall . Matt Groening , James L. Brooks , Matt Selman , and John Frink serve as executive producers . Executive producer Al Jean stated that Edna Krabappel will be retired from the show following the death of Marcia Wallace on October 25 , 2013 . February 2014 held back Simpsons episodes , due to the transmission of the Super Bowl XLVIII in East Rutherford , New Jersey , United States ; the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia ; the 2014 Daytona 500 in Daytona Beach , Florida , US ; and the 86th Academy Awards in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . This season The Simpsons '' won three Primetime Emmy Awards out of four nominations , including an Primetime Emmy Award for Character Voice-Over Performance to Harry Shearer , who was the last member of the main cast to earn the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "440af6a9985c48371375783e75073a95", "text": "Meg Stinks! `` Meg Stinks ! '' is the nineteenth episode of the twelfth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy and the 229th episode overall . It aired on Fox in the United States on May 4 , 2014 , and is written by Danny Smith and directed by Bob Bowen . In the episode , Meg goes for a college interview and becomes the life of a party while Brian encounters a skunk and after getting sprayed , must learn to survive in the wild .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "275eb3e33def924426a2b08292171fe9", "text": "The X-Files (season 9) The ninth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files commenced airing in the United States on November 11 , 2001 , concluded on May 19 , 2002 , and consists of twenty episodes . The season takes place after Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) goes into hiding , following the events of the eighth season finale , `` Existence '' . As such , the main storyarc for the season follows Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) , John Doggett ( Robert Patrick ) , and Monica Reyes ( Annabeth Gish ) on their hunt to reveal a government conspiracy involving the elaborate creation of `` Super Soldiers '' . For this season , former series ' leads Duchovny and Anderson scaled back their involvement with the show , with the former only starring in the two episodes that formed the season finale , `` The Truth '' . Doggett and Reyes became the show 's central characters , and former recurring character Walter Skinner ( Mitch Pileggi ) became a main character . Series creator Chris Carter had hopes that the show could continue on with new leads , and the opening credits were accordingly redesigned again . Season nine received mixed reviews by critics and garnered negative reaction from many long-time fans and viewers , partially because Duchovny did not make regular appearances on the show , after fulfilling his contract in the previous season . During this year , ratings for the season fell dramatically . Critics blamed it on what they considered an increasingly incoherent story arc , whilst the cast and crew ascribed the drop in viewership to the September 11 attacks . Regardless , Fox eventually decided to cancel the series . During the airing of season eight , Carter and The X-Files production team had created and aired a spinoff titled The Lone Gunmen . The show was unsuccessful and was cancelled before any story arcs were resolved , but The X-Files episode `` Jump the Shark '' was written to give closure to the series . The X-Files storyline was continued with the 2008 theatrical film The X Files : I Want to Believe and later with a tenth season in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adfb781e1d7bf0df497312d2d55fb56e", "text": "A Star Is Burns `` A Star Is Burns '' is the eighteenth episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 5 , 1995 . In the episode , Springfield decides to hold a film festival , and famed critic Jay Sherman is invited to be a judge . The story involves a crossover with the short-lived animated series The Critic . Jay Sherman was the main character on the show . The Critic was created by Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously written for The Simpsons but left following the fourth season , and produced by James L. Brooks , who was also a producer for The Simpsons . The show had premiered on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) network in January 1994 but was canceled despite positive critical reception . The series was switched over to Fox , and put in the timeslot directly after The Simpsons . Brooks pitched a crossover episode as a way to promote The Critic and decided that a film festival would be a good way to introduce Sherman . Matt Groening , creator of The Simpsons , reacted negatively when he heard about this episode , feeling that it was just an advertisement for The Critic , and that people would incorrectly associate the show with him . When he was unsuccessful in getting the program pulled , he had his name removed from the credits and went public with his concerns , openly criticizing James L. Brooks . The episode was directed by Susie Dietter and was the first episode to be written by Ken Keeler . Jon Lovitz , the star of The Critic , guest stars as Jay Sherman , while Maurice LaMarche ( who was also a regular on The Critic ) has a few minor roles . The episode received mixed reviews from critics , many of whom felt the crossover was out of place on the show , although Barney 's film festival entry was well received .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14e892e9fad020ffb21ba3880939ce54", "text": "Matthew Greenfield Matthew Greenfield ( born September 14 , 1968 ) a producer of independent films . He is senior vice-president of production at Fox Searchlight . He was formerly the associate director of the Sundance Institute Feature Film Program . Greenfield attended the Crossroads School , a private school associated with the entertainment industry , and later attended Wesleyan University . At Wesleyan , he met future collaborator Miguel Arteta . Greenfield and Arteta teamed up to make Star Maps , which debuted in 1997 at the Sundance Film Festival and received five Independent Spirit Award nominations , including Best First Feature . They followed with Chuck & Buck in 2000 , for which they won the Independent Spirit John Cassavetes Award for Best Low Budget Feature , and The Good Girl in 2002 , starring Jennifer Aniston . In 2005 Greenfield worked as a producer on The Motel and Are You the Favorite Person of Anybody ? Greenfield started Cloverfield Press , a boutique publishing company , in 2004 with his wife , Laurence Dumortier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c2c996a0a0546bbae2bda7246b647a5", "text": "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein `` When You Wish Upon a Weinstein '' is the twenty-second episode of Family Guys third season , and the original series finale . It originally aired on Cartoon Network 's Adult Swim on November 9 , 2003 , and on Fox on December 10 , 2004 . In the episode , Peter prays for a Jew to help him with his financial woes . After befriending a Jewish accountant , Max Weinstein , and discovering the wonders of their religion , Peter gets the idea of converting Chris to Judaism so he will be successful in life . Lois attempts to stop him , believing that success is not based on religion . `` When You Wish Upon a Weinstein '' was written by Ricky Blitt and directed by Dan Povenmire . The episode was intended to air in 2000 as the beginning of the third season way after production was made years ago , but Fox executives were concerned about its content , believing it could be interpreted as anti-Semitic , and did not allow it to air on television . Due to popular demand , it was instead aired on Adult Swim in 2003 . This episode features guest performances from Andrea Beutener , Mark Hamill , Phil LaMarr , Ed McMahon , Peter Riegert , Mary Scheer , Ben Stein , and Nicole Sullivan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "186ba990b38de2635f97253fb014c216", "text": "Mona Leaves-a `` Mona Leaves-a '' is the nineteenth episode of The Simpsons ' nineteenth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 11 , 2008 . The episode features the death of Homer 's mother , Mona Simpson . Homer is reunited with his mother , Mona , but is not willing to forgive her for all the times she left him as a child . When she dies , a guilt-ridden Homer attempts to make it up to her by fulfilling her final wishes . It was written by Joel H. Cohen and directed by Mike B. Anderson and Ralph Sosa . Glenn Close makes her third appearance as Mona Simpson , and Lance Armstrong has a cameo as himself . The episode is dedicated to the memories of Elsie Castellaneta ( Dan Castellaneta 's mother ) and Dora K. Warren ( Harry Shearer 's mother ) . Also , this episode marked the start of yearly episodes to deal with women or mothers while airing on Mother 's Day . In its original run , the episode was watched by 6.02 million people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71b1f9484a94d991f61be1379d43f250", "text": "Back to You Back to You is an American sitcom which aired on Fox from September 19 , 2007 to May 14 , 2008 . The creators and executive producers were Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan , and the director was James Burrows . The series starred Kelsey Grammer and Patricia Heaton as squabbling anchors of a news program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ccc6b28316ae31a18e361e2f5b2c3b2", "text": "To End All Wars To End All Wars is a 2001 war film starring Robert Carlyle , Kiefer Sutherland and Sakae Kimura and directed by David L. Cunningham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef455609f3f48e7d7628a0fbc5ad479c", "text": "Super Troopers Super Troopers is a 2001 American crime-comedy film directed by Jay Chandrasekhar , written by and starring the Broken Lizard comedy group ( Jay Chandrasekhar , Kevin Heffernan , Steve Lem me , Paul Soter and Erik Stolhanske ) . Marisa Coughlan , Daniel von Bargen and Brian Cox co-star while Lynda Carter has a cameo appearance . In total , Fox Searchlight paid $ 3.25 million for distribution rights of the film and grossed $ 23.1 million at the box office . A sequel , Super Troopers 2 , is currently filming and is expected to be released in 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7600021888125e8c45e4215e95a78a47	Nick Nolte turned down the role he was offered in Tropic Thunder.	[ { "docid": "167e38717e13d5bb7935e30272417345", "text": "Nick Nolte Nicholas King Nolte ( born February 8 , 1941 ) is an American actor and former model . He won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for the 1991 film The Prince of Tides . He went on to receive Academy Award nominations for Affliction ( 1998 ) and Warrior ( 2011 ) . His other film appearances include The Deep ( 1977 ) , 48 Hrs . ( 1982 ) , Down and Out in Beverly Hills ( 1986 ) , Another 48 Hrs . ( 1990 ) , Everybody Wins ( 1990 ) , Cape Fear ( 1991 ) , Lorenzo 's Oil ( 1992 ) , The Thin Red Line ( 1998 ) , Hulk ( 2003 ) , The Good Thief ( 2003 ) , Hotel Rwanda ( 2004 ) , Tropic Thunder ( 2008 ) , A Walk in the Woods ( 2015 ) and The Ridiculous 6 ( 2015 ) . He was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Television Series Musical or Comedy for his role in the TV series Graves ( 2016 -- present ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c2a21021fb621ad5ceb5000b15582f22", "text": "Nick Dear Nick Dear ( born 11 June 1955 in Portsmouth ) is an English writer for stage , screen and radio . He received a BAFTA for his first screenwriting credit , a TV adaptation of Jane Austen 's Persuasion . Dear graduated with a degree in Comparative European Literature from the University of Essex in 1977 . Dear 's plays include Power and The Villains ' Opera at the National Theatre ; The Art of Success , Zenobia and Pure Science for the RSC ; In the Ruins at Bristol Old Vic and Royal Court , London ( 1990 ) ; and Food of Love at the Almeida . Adaptations include Gorky 's Summerfolk and Molière 's Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme at the National ; Tirso de Molina 's The Last Days of Don Juan at the Royal Shakespeare Company ; Arbuzov 's The Promise at the Tricycle ; Henry James ' The Turn of the Screw at Bristol Old Vic ; and Ostrovsky 's A Family Affair for Cheek by Jowl . Dear 's screenplays include Persuasion , The Gambler , The Turn of the Screw , Cinderella , Byron , Eroica and Agatha Christie 's Poirot . Opera libretti include The Palace in the Sky at Hackney Empire and Siren Song at the Almeida . In 2005 , Lunch in Venice appeared at the Shell Connections festival at the National Theatre . His plays Power ( 2003 ) , and Summerfolk ( 1999 ) both premiered at the same venue . Power deals with the intrigue and tension of the court of the young Louis XIV of France . It has been produced at theatres in Portugal , Poland and Hungary , as well as the Finnish National Theatre ( Kansallisteatteri ) . His play The Art of Success premiered at the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1986 in a production starring Penny Downie and Michael Kitchen , and was nominated for an Olivier Award . The plot revolves around William Hogarth and the political manipulation of art , the corruption of politics and treatment of women . It was subsequently produced at Manhattan Theatre Club in 1989 , with Tim Curry playing Hogarth . Dear 's adaptation of Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein premiered at the Royal National Theatre in 2011 , in a production directed by Danny Boyle . In November 2012 The Dark Earth and the Light Sky , his biographical play about Edward Thomas , opened at the Almeida Theatre , in a production directed by Richard Eyre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba42d650445e65951d105f334cd1dfc4", "text": "Play It Cool (film) Play it Cool is a 1962 British musical film directed by Michael Winner and starring Billy Fury , Michael Anderson Jr. , Helen Shapiro , Bobby Vee , Shane Fenton , Danny Williams , Dennis Price , Richard Wattis , Maurice Kaufmann and Anna Palk . The film tells the story of a struggling singer , Billy Universe ( Billy Fury ) , and his band , who befriend an heiress who , against the wishes of her father , ( Dennis Price ) , is searching for her lover who she has been forbidden to see and who she is hoping to elope with . The plot takes the main characters to a succession of nightclubs where the other stars are performing . There are guest appearances by Lionel Blair and Bernie Winters as well as Norrie Paramor , who was the Sir George Martin of his day . The only hit from the songs featured in the film was Fury 's rendition of `` Once Upon a Dream '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d8c940d8dfdbf7815ea1f00774049ed", "text": "The Echo of Thunder The Echo of Thunder is an Australian family drama movie , released for television in 1998 . It is based on the novel Thunderwith by Australian children 's author Libby Hathorn . It was aired on CBS in the United States as a Hallmark Hall of Fame presentation . The movie is a story of a man Larry Ritchie , who lives with his second wife and three kids on an Australian farm in the Wallingat Forest NSW . He learns about fatal illness of his first wife which leaves his eldest daughter , Lara , alone in the world . Larry decides to take the girl into his home , but his new family does n't like the idea . The mother Gladwyn is possessive of Larry and their three children , Pearl , Opal and Jasper . Lara seeks solace with a mysterious dog she names Thunderwith that appears from time to time on the property . The dog seems to the girl to be a link to her beloved mother and an important companion . The story concentrates on the relationship between mother Gladwyn and stepdaughter , as Lara is slowly accepted into the family . The movie was shot in Mount Beauty , Victoria and directed by Simon Wincer . Hallmark Channel produced the movie and the story undertook several changes for example the four Ritchie children became only three on the set . Judy Davis , who played the mother Gladwyn was nominated for an Emmy for her performance in the movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2b5963d11c7cf923930d791326ba7e0", "text": "You Instead You Instead ( alternate U.S. title Tonight You 're Mine ) is a 2011 British `` Rock 'n' roll romantic comedy '' written by Thomas Leveritt and directed by David Mackenzie . The film stars Luke Treadaway , Natalia Tena , Gavin Mitchell and Alastair Mackenzie . Set at T in the Park music festival and shot by Sigma Films , two feuding rock stars are handcuffed together at a festival where they are due to perform .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b8edbcb5349b9579c3f63eb110af68a", "text": "Three Days to Vegas Three Days to Vegas is a 2007 American comedy film , directed by Charlie Picerni and starring Peter Falk , Rip Torn , George Segal , Billy Burke and Bill Cobbs . The story follows four elderly male retirees who take a road trip to Las Vegas to stop the impending marriage of one of their daughters , played by Nancy Young . Cobbs replaced iconic actor Ossie Davis in the cast after Davis died during production . The film features various actors in supporting roles , including Chris Diamantopoulos , Reginald VelJohnson , and Taylor Negron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebe333b37b90984312220c95a2a035bb", "text": "Nick Cheung Nick Cheung Ka-fai ( born 2 December 1964 ) is a Hong Kong actor and director . He is a former Royal Hong Kong Police officer for four years , but he left the job after his request to be transferred to the criminal investigation department was turned down . He then worked for Danny Lee 's film production company . His film debut is `` Thank you , Sir ! '' , as a student at the Royal Hong Kong Cadet School . From 1989 to 1994 , he worked at the television station ATV World . Later , he left ATV and joined another station , TVB . He left TVB in 2004 , and worked mainly on films . His fame was built on Wong Jing 's comedy at first , but he has changed his acting style for more sombre roles since 2003 . He was nominated for his first Hong Kong film award in 1999 , and won his first award in 2009 for his role in Beast Stalker . He has been nominated many times at the Hong Kong Film Awards and other Chinese film awards since then . Cheung has won seven awards for his role in Beast Stalker ( 2008 ) , including Hong Kong Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor , Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor , and Golden Horse Film Award for Best Actor . Cheung met Hong Kong actress Esther Kwan while he was still working at ATV . They married on 8 December 2003 in Australia . Their daughter , Brittany Cheung ( 張童 ; Cheung Tung ) , was born on 24 January 2006 . Cheung earned 75 million HKD in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08df91a62055f89b4576b92776170337", "text": "Torin Thatcher Torin Thatcher ( 15 January 1905 -- 4 March 1981 ) was an English actor born in Bombay , British India , to English parents Torin James Blair Thatcher , a police officer , by his wife Edith Rachel , a voice and piano teacher , younger daughter of the Hon. Justice Sir Herbert Batty , a puisne judge of the High Court of Bombay . He was noted for his flashy portrayals of screen villains . He was educated in Britain at Bedford School and at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art . He worked as a schoolmaster before first appearing on the London stage in 1927 and then entering British films in 1934 . He appeared in the 1937 Old Vic stage production of Hamlet , in which Laurence Olivier made his first appearance in the title role , opposite Vivien Leigh as Ophelia . During the Second World War , he served with the Royal Artillery and was demobilised with the rank of lieutenant colonel . Thatcher appeared in classic British films of the late 1930s and 1940s , including Major Barbara ( 1941 ) and Great Expectations ( 1946 ) , in which he played Bentley Drummle . He moved to Hollywood in the 1950s . He was constantly in demand , invariably lending his looming figure and baleful countenance to sinister or stern roles in popular costume thrillers such as The Crimson Pirate ( 1952 ) , Blackbeard the Pirate ( 1952 ) , The Robe ( 1953 ) ( as the disapproving father of Marcellus ) , The Black Shield of Falworth ( 1954 ) , Helen of Troy ( 1956 ) , Darby 's Rangers ( 1958 ) and The 7th Voyage of Sinbad ( 1958 ) . He also appeared in the Marlon Brando and Trevor Howard 1962 remake of Mutiny on the Bounty . He returned to the stage quite frequently , notably on Broadway , in such esteemed productions as Edward , My Son ( 1948 ) , That Lady ( 1949 ) and Billy Budd ( 1951 ) . In 1959 , he portrayed Captain Keller in the award-winning play The Miracle Worker with Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke . All of these plays were filmed , but Thatcher did not appear in the film versions . Also a steady fixture on television , he appeared in such made-for-TV films as adaptations of A.J. Cronin 's Beyond This Place ( 1957 ) and The Citadel ( 1960 ) , Bonanza ( 1961 ) , and Brenda Starr ( 1976 ) . He also played the title role in a Philco Television Playhouse version of Othello and acted in a CBS production of Beyond This Place ( 1957 ) . He appeared in programmes such as The Real McCoys , Thriller , Gunsmoke , Perry Mason , Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea , Daniel Boone and Mission : Impossible . He was cast as the sly space trader in an episode of Lost in Space . Thatcher , if not for his distinguished career , has become recognised by several generations of fans of Star Trek : The Original Series from his performance as Marplon , secretly a member of the resistance in the episode `` The Return of the Archons '' . Thatcher died of cancer on 4 March 1981 , in Thousand Oaks , California , USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a1fc4a925ba0829eda896586a4c4503", "text": "Nick Meyer Nick Meyer is an American film producer . Meyer was the president of Paramount Vantage until December 2008 . In 2007 , with Meyer as co-head of Paramount , the Studio received 19 Academy Award nominations . Four of the Studio 's 2007 feature films were honored : There Will Be Blood , a Paramount Vantage and Miramax co-production , received eight nominations , winning Best Picture among others ; No Country for Old Men , also a Miramax and Paramount Vantage co-production , received eight nominations ; Into the Wild earned two nominations ; The Kite Runner garnered one nomination . At the 80th Academy Awards , Blood and No Country won a combined six awards , including the Academy Award for Best Picture for No Country , the Academy Award for Best Actor for Daniel Day-Lewis in Blood , and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Javier Bardem in No Country . Formerly , Meyer was the long-time president of Lionsgate International , a division of Lionsgate Studios . He is the head of Sierra Pictures , which he founded in 2009 . In 2010 , Meyer formed White Knuckle Pictures with Brett Ratner to develop and finance moderately priced action films . In 2011 , his Sierra Pictures merged with film sales company Affinity International to become Sierra/Affinity . He is a graduate of Wesleyan University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25d133601a216cdc0c0772bf833ab173", "text": "Distant Thunder (1988 film) Distant Thunder is a 1988 American drama film directed by Rick Rosenthal and starring John Lithgow and Ralph Macchio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc202f22ac290fe7afa5dc8bc783d042", "text": "Q&A (film) Q & A is a 1990 American crime film written and directed by Sidney Lumet , based on a novel by New York State Supreme Court judge Edwin Torres . It stars Nick Nolte , Timothy Hutton and Armand Assante .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6520a1820c84afa526d24a21c5374fe9", "text": "Nick G. Miller Nick G. Miller ( born January 18 , 1964 in Dayton , Ohio ) , also known as Nick Miller , is an American businessperson . His main interests are within the entertainment industry , the marine industry , and business education . Miller is an award-winning screenwriter , filmmaker , movie producer , movie director , television producer , actor , music producer , film composer , public speaker , and philanthropist . He has owned various companies within the marine industry and is a consultant and keynote speaker . His acting credits include The Last Marshal , The Librarians , Chronicles of an Exorcism , and Catch of a Lifetime . He has produced feature films and television shows such as Palmetto , The Unlikely 's , Catch of a Lifetime , E! Entertainment 's Wild On the Mark Cuban series Art Mann Presents , Talent Rock , and CBS Television 's The Music Cafe Presents ( co-produced with Greg Rike and Greg Rike Studios ) . In 2005 , Miller , along with producing partner Matthew Ashford did a test shoot for a screenplay they had written together in the horror film genre entitled Chronicles of an Exorcism . The film was originally shelved by Miller and his producers , but has since been released on DVD . In October 2008 the movie was one of the most watched horror movies of all time and was listed near the top 100 ( # 116 ) on the Internet Movie Database . Miller is currently post production on the movie Windwalkers and in pre production on a screenplay co-written with published author Timothy G. Grogan . In April 2014 , as executive producer , Miller 's romantic comedy , Catch of a Lifetime , directed by Ben Klopfenstein and written by Miller , Klopfenstein , and book author Connie Neumann , won the Audience Choice for Best Feature award at the Silver Springs International Film Festival . Miller consults and works with companies on forming strategic alliance business plans via product placement , co-branding and media exposure . He has been instrumental in negotiating and placing products in feature films and television shows including War of the Worlds , I , Robot , Fun with Dick and Jane , Scream 3 , Charlie 's Angels , CSI : Miami , 24 , Nash Bridges , V.I.P. , and JAG . Nick G. Miller produces and hosts sales and motivational training workshops across the globe . He has trained thousands of sales and service staff members from companies including FTD Flowers , Harley-Davidson , Featherlite Luxury Coaches , Bombardier , Platinum Coach Works , Northeast Marine Trade Association , Rio Roses , and many others . Miller is also a music producer , and in 2009 became vice president of Living Legends Music , a property which includes a syndicated radio show , streaming iTunes radio , a DVD series , and the CBS television series The Music Cafe Presents , all featuring interviews with musicians . Miller also produced and hosted the 2009 DVD documentary Orleans : Official History & Music for the 1970s and 1980s band Orleans . He comes from a musical family dating back to 1940 when his great uncle Douglas Dalton , played mandolin and guitar for The Whippoorwills , Roy Rogers , Sons of the Pioneers , and other bands and musicians . Today , Miller performs with Nick Miller & The Gathering , a group consisting of rotating legendary musicians playing their own number one hits . Miller 's companies have produced nightclub events , swimwear modeling competitions , and VIP parties for Corona Beer , Harley-Davidson , Loews Hotels , Gibson , Universal Studios Theme Parks , Six Flags Theme Parks and others . Miller has been part of the marine industry since 1986 . As vice president , Miller played an instrumental part in resurrecting Donzi Marine in 1993 . Miller and Donzi Marine manager Steve Simon formed `` Team Donzi '' and raced a Donzi 38 ZX in the American Power Boat Association circuit . The team won two APBA/UIM World Championships five APBA National Championships . Under the same ownership group , Miller organized a marketing campaign and formed strategic alliances with non-endemic companies helping Pro-Line Boats become the # 1 selling fiberglass fishing boats in the United States . During the mid-2000s Miller consulted and worked with the offshore racing champion , Reggie Fountain and his company Fountain Powerboats . In 2012 he became a partner and shareholder of Sak Marine , a Georgia based company that manufactured Caravelle Boats , Key Largo Boats , Interceptor Performance Boats , Clearwater Fishing Boats , and Sea Hawk Boats . Nick Miller was introduced to Burt Reynolds at his home in Florida . The lunch meeting resulted in Miller being offered acting roles in two of Reynolds ' films . Soon after he would meet the man who would become his mentor ; the late award-winning filmmaker John Daly , of which just some of his movies includes Platoon , The Terminator , The Falcon and the Snowman , Salvador , Full Metal Jacket , The Bodyguard , and The Legend of Zorro .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "daf650bb10bc25cacc212da733aab191", "text": "Nick Ede Nick Ede ( born 1973 ) is an award winning Scottish public relations and brand consultant and television presenter . He runs the London-based PR agency www.eastofeden.london and he lives in Hackney . He is a well respected Philanthropist and charity activist . Ede was born in Edinburgh , where he attended Edinburgh Academy . He studied at Glasgow School of Art and Bretton Hall College in Leeds . He moved to Stoke Newington in 1996 to try to become an actor , but his mother died from a stroke in 1997 when he was 22 and he moved back to Edinburgh . He did work for the Stroke Foundation and joined Apollo Leisure in marketing , before moving back to Hackney in 1998 to become head of entertainment at Lastminute.com . In 2000 he became a marketing manager at Mondi Associates , then in 2001 he became head of packages at ATC Management . In 2003 , he did six months work experience at Shine Television , including co-presenting The Russell Grant Show on Sky One . Shortly afterwards , actress Jennifer Ellison asked him to host a party to highlight her appearance on Hell 's Kitchen , which was his introduction to PR work . He launched Eden Lifestyle in 2004 , then worked with Nick Fulford , merging their businesses in 2006 . He was named Scottish Communicator of the Year at the 2009 Scottish Fashion Awards . He has appeared on Project Catwalk since 2008 ( gaining the nickname `` the Simon Cowell of fashion '' ) , Diet on the Dancefloor and Lorraine Kelly 's morning show LK Today . He holds an annual celebrity fundraising night for the Stroke Association called `` A Night with Nick '' , and is a patron for Jeans for Genes ; his father , Donald Ede , was a developmental geneticist . Nick created the campaign styleforstroke which has fans including Mel B , Kelly Osbourne , Lilah Parsons , Sarah Hardin , Ashley James , Vogue Williams and many more . He has been instrumental is creating the Global Gift Gala platform with the philanthropist Eva Longoria and Maria Bravo . He is openly gay . Nick is a columnist for Www.caledonista.com", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56fc744096097406cf4972c9cf71bf4b", "text": "Nick & Nora Nick & Nora is a musical with a book by Arthur Laurents , lyrics by Richard Maltby , Jr. , and music by Charles Strouse . The plot involves witty and urbane high society couple Nick and Nora Charles , characters created by Dashiell Hammett in his novel The Thin Man , which inspired six films , a radio show , and a television series . In this version , the two are attempting to solve the murder of a bookkeeper on a film production in Hollywood . Crucially , the musical departs from the formula of previous incarnations , defined by the chemistry between Nick and Nora , by creating a subplot of marital woes and tensions between them . The show had a brief run of nine performances on Broadway in 1991 , and was remounted for the first and only time by San Francisco 's 42nd Street Moon in April 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf6634d439517b825157af395565afe4", "text": "Officer Down Officer Down is a 2013 American action thriller film , directed by Brian A. Miller .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a4d5c35e0946900aeb77b255f4bf122", "text": "Rich Man, Poor Man (miniseries) Rich Man , Poor Man is a 1976 American television miniseries based on the 1969 novel of the same name by Irwin Shaw that aired on ABC in one - or two-hour episodes mostly on Monday nights over seven weeks , beginning February 1 . It was produced by Universal Television and was the second time programming of this nature had been attempted . The first TV miniseries , QB VII , had aired -- also on ABC -- in 1974 . These projects proved to be a critical and ratings success and were the forerunner for similar projects based on literary works , such as Roots and Shōgun . The film stars Peter Strauss , Nick Nolte and Susan Blakely . It spawned the sequel Rich Man , Poor Man Book II , which aired from September 1976 through March 1977 . The network repeated the original series Tuesday nights at 9:00 pm from May to June 1977 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "918bb22a9f11634f22c868d13d2d7389", "text": "Nick Carter (musician) Nickolas Gene `` Nick '' Carter ( born January 28 , 1980 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor , dancer , record producer , author and video director . He is best known as a member of the pop group the Backstreet Boys . As of 2015 , Carter has released three solo albums , Now or Never , I 'm Taking Off and All American during breaks between Backstreet Boys schedules , and a collaboration with Jordan Knight titled Nick & Knight . He has made occasional television appearances and starred in his own reality shows , House of Carters and I ( Heart ) Nick Carter . He gained fame in the mid 1990s and early 2000s as a teen idol . He is also the older and only brother of singer Aaron Carter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b94b1d577d9ce727bf4729249173ac49", "text": "Charles Nolte Charles Nolte ( November 3 , 1923 -- January 14 , 2010 ) was an American actor and educator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4debceab3c80314b473057b47fa295f7", "text": "Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer ( born December 13 , 1929 ) is a Canadian theatre , film and television actor . After making his film debut in Stage Struck ( 1958 ) , Plummer went on to a successful film career , now spanning more than five decades . Some of his most notable film performances include : The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) , Waterloo ( 1970 ) , The Return of the Pink Panther ( 1975 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Dragnet ( 1987 ) , Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country ( 1991 ) , A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , National Treasure ( 2004 ) , The New World ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . In a career which includes substantial roles in each of the dramatic arts , Plummer is best known to film audiences as the aristocratic widower , Captain Georg von Trapp , in the musical film The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , alongside Julie Andrews . Plummer has ventured into various television projects , including the miniseries The Thorn Birds ( 1983 ) . Plummer has notably portrayed several historical figures , including Arthur Wellesley , First Duke of Wellington in Waterloo ( 1970 ) , Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , Mike Wallace in The Insider ( 1999 ) , and Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station ( 2009 ) . Plummer has won numerous awards and accolades for his work , including an Academy Award , two Emmy Awards , two Tony Awards , a Golden Globe Award , a SAG Award , and a BAFTA Award . With his win at age 82 in 2012 for Beginners , Plummer is the oldest actor ever to win an Academy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d630e80e439caac345b7246c022522b8", "text": "Tropic of Cancer (film) Tropic of Cancer is a 1970 American drama film directed by Joseph Strick and written by Betty Botley and Joseph Strick . It is based on Henry Miller 's autobiographical novel Tropic of Cancer . The film stars Rip Torn , James T. Callahan , David Baur , Laurence Lignères , Phil Brown and Dominique Delpierre . The film was released on February 27 , 1970 , by Paramount Pictures . Filming took place on location in Paris , produced by Joseph Strick with some help from the author , whose persona was portrayed by Rip Torn and his wife Mona by Ellen Burstyn . The novel had provided a test for American laws on pornography in the early 1960s , and the film was rated X in the United States , which was later changed to an NC-17 rating . In the UK the film was refused a theatrical ` X ' certificate by the BBFC . Strick had previously adapted other works of literature - Jean Genet 's The Balcony and James Joyce 's Ulysses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ed1ab6c624a391d3b32b74a9c52d0e", "text": "Dyllan Christopher Dyllan Christopher ( born December 12 , 1991 ) is an American actor . He played one of the five major roles in the 2006 film Unaccompanied Minors - Spencer , the leader of a group of kids who get stuck in an airport on Christmas . In the film , he worked alongside Quinn Shephard and Tyler James Williams . Christopher was born Dyllan Christopher Fernandez in Los Angeles , California . His great-uncle is Hawaiian entertainer Augie Rey ( Fernandez ) . Dyllan was in the Hallmark Cards singing Christmas card commercials shown in December 2006 , and a KFC commercial as a grocery store employee , and appeared in Phil of the Future . He also played the part of Ralphie Anderson in Stephen King 's Storm of the Century . In 2009 , Christopher appeared in an Olive Garden commercial ad . He also appeared in an episode of Bones in season 4 . As well as a minor role as Chick 's estranged Son in Armageddon .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1b33621fc7deafe26e72205be0ee3aa8	Ryuk (Death Note) is from a manga series that later became an anime.	[ { "docid": "6c33f9808d513e0ff47dfc5dccded140", "text": "Ryuk (Death Note) is a fictional character in the manga series Death Note , created by Tsugumi Ohba and Takeshi Obata . He is a bored Shinigami that drops a Death Note , a notebook that allows you to kill anyone simply by knowing their name and face , into the human world in order to have fun . It is picked up by Light Yagami , a young genius who uses it in an attempt to create and rule a utopia cleansed of evil , with him at the helm as a `` god '' . In the anime adaptation , Ryuk is voiced by Nakamura Shidō in Japanese and by Brian Drummond in the English version . Both actors reprise their roles for voicing the computer-generated version of the character in the live-action films , with Jun Fukushima voicing the CG version in the live-action television drama . In the musical , Ryuk was portrayed by Kōtarō Yoshida . Actor Willem Dafoe will voice the character in the American adaptation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "556a7c86e26cb9df8f35364405b853a8", "text": "Death Note is a Japanese manga series written by Tsugumi Ohba and illustrated by Takeshi Obata . The story follows Light Yagami , a high school student who discovers a supernatural notebook from a Shinigami named Ryuk that grants its user the ability to kill anyone whose name and face he knows . The series centers around Light 's attempts to create and rule a world `` cleansed of evil '' as `` God '' using the notebook , and the efforts of a detective known as L to stop him . Death Note was first serialized in Shueisha 's manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from December 2003 to May 2006 . The 108 chapters were collected and published into 12 tankōbon volumes between May 2004 and October 2006 . An anime television adaptation aired in Japan from October 3 , 2006 to June 26 , 2007 . Composed of 37 episodes , the anime was developed by Madhouse and directed by Tetsuro Araki . A light novel based on the series , written by Nisio Isin , was also released in 2006 . Additionally , various video games have been published by Konami for the Nintendo DS . The series was adapted into three live-action films released in Japan on June 17 , 2006 , November 3 , 2006 , and February 2 , 2008 , and a television drama in 2015 . A miniseries entitled `` Death Note : New Generation '' and a fourth film were released in 2016 . An upcoming American film is scheduled to be released on August 25 , 2017 . Death Note media is licensed and released in North America by Viz Media , with the exception of the video games and soundtracks . The episodes from the anime first appeared in North America as downloadable from IGN , before Viz Media licensed it and it aired on YTV 's Bionix anime block in Canada and on Adult Swim in the United States with a DVD release following . The live-action films briefly played in certain North American theaters in 2008 , before receiving home video releases . In 2015 , the collected volumes of the Death Note manga had over 30 million copies in circulation .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9fa8e00be99dea155317289aa2050b74", "text": "Haibane Renmei is a 13-episode anime series based on the work of Yoshitoshi ABe . It began as an original dōjinshi comic series , , but this was quickly superseded by the anime and was never completed . The anime series was also broadcast by Animax on its respective networks around the world , including its English networks in Southeast Asia under the French title Ailes Grises ( Grey Wings ) . The series follows Rakka , a newly hatched ( a being resembling an angel ) , and other characters in the city of , a walled town with a single gate through which only a mysterious group , the Toga , are allowed to enter or exit . The music for the series is composed by Kow Otani .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f4d551059e547374a438edce434fac9", "text": "Amatsuki is an ongoing manga series by Shinobu Takayama , serialized in Monthly Comic Zero Sum . A 13 episode anime adaptation produced by Studio Deen premiered on April 4 , 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02581bf34fb7423c31a676885293b16f", "text": "Kamen Rider Black RX is a Japanese tokusatsu superhero television series produced as part of the Kamen Rider Series . The ninth show in the franchise , it is a joint collaboration between Ishimori Productions and Toei Company , and aired on the Mainichi Broadcasting System and the Tokyo Broadcasting System from October 23 , 1988 to September 24 , 1989 . The series is a direct sequel to Kamen Rider Black and the first to feature a team-up with the past Riders since the 1984 TV special Birth of the 10th ! Kamen Riders All Together !! . The series was adapted by Saban in North America as Masked Rider . The Americanization featured a heavily altered story and all new characters , in an attempt to fit the series in as a spin-off of the Power Rangers series . This was also the last installment of the Kamen Rider Series to be produced in the Shōwa period and the first to be produced in the Heisei era -- Episode 11 was delayed by one week following Emperor Hirohito 's death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2323a7a4a2b6db466c85870c733ab63", "text": "Un-Go is a 2011 anime television series produced by Bones which aired on Fuji TV 's noitamina program block between October 13 , 2011 and December 22 , 2011 . Based on the noted Japanese intellectual and novelist Ango Sakaguchi 's novel , the series is directed by Seiji Mizushima and written by Shō Aikawa , who had earlier worked together on Fullmetal Alchemist . Featuring character designs from pako and Yun Kouga , the music for the series is composed by NARASAKI , with the opening theme being `` How to Go '' by School Food Punishment and the ending theme being `` Fantasy '' by LAMA . Un-Go was simulcast with English subtitles by Crunchyroll and Anime on Demand . A prequel film , , ran in Japanese theatres for two weeks from November 19 , 2011 . Sentai Filmworks has licensed the series , along with episode 0 , in North America , while Siren Visual has licensed the series in Australia and Manga Entertainment has licensed the series in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "128c9ed9cc7925dff66301a0a68e568d", "text": "Astro Boy (2003 TV series) is a remake of the 1960s anime series of the same name created by Osamu Tezuka , which was produced by his company , Tezuka Productions , Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan , Dentsu , and Fuji Television network . It was also shown on Animax , who have broadcast the series across its respective networks worldwide , including Japan , Southeast Asia , South Asia , East Asia , and other regions . It was created to celebrate the birth date of Atom/Astro Boy ( as well as the 40th anniversary of the original TV series ) . Under the original English name ( instead of Mighty Atom ) , it kept the same classic art style as the original manga and anime , but was revisioned and modernized with more lush , high-quality , near-theatrical animation and visuals . It combined the playfulness of the early anime with the darker , more serious and dramatic Science fiction themes of the manga and the 1980 series . The anime broadcast in Japan on the same date as Atom 's / Astro 's birth in the manga ( April 6 , 2003 ) across Animax and Fuji Television . It was directed by Kazuya Konaka and written by Chiaki J. Konaka at the beginning of the series . Other writers included were Keiichi Hasegawa , Sadayuki Murai , Ai Ohta , Hirotoshi Kobayashi , Kenji Konuta , and Marc Handler , who was also executive story editor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "daf8c38e944a3c84ac62d361f7389224", "text": "Akame ga Kill! is a Japanese shōnen manga series written by Takahiro and illustrated by Tetsuya Tashiro . It started serialization in Square Enix 's Gangan Joker in March 2010 . The story focuses on Tatsumi who is a young villager that travels to the Capital to raise money for his home only to discover a strong corruption in the area . The assassin group known as Night Raid recruits the young man to help them in their fight against the Empire to end its corruption . The series is known for its graphic content . The series was licensed by Yen Press in June 2014 . A prequel manga focused on Akame 's backstory , Akame ga Kill ! Zero , began serialization in Square Enix 's Monthly Big Gangan in October 2013 . An anime television series adaptation of the main series premiered in Japan in July 2014 . This is the second work in the Japanese game developer MinatoSoft 's Takahiro IV Project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd06f29f41928816ca9fce651cca6279", "text": "Akira (manga) Akira ( often stylized as AKIRA ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Katsuhiro Otomo . Set in a post-apocalyptic Neo-Tokyo , the work uses conventions of the cyberpunk genre to detail a saga of turmoil . Initially serialized in the pages of Young Magazine from 1982 until 1990 , the work was collected into six volumes by its publisher Kodansha . The work was first published in an English-language version by the Marvel Comics imprint Epic Comics , one of the first manga works to be translated in its entirety . Otomo 's art is considered outstanding , and a breakthrough for both Otomo and the manga form . Throughout the breadth of the work , Otomo explores themes of social isolation , corruption , and power . An animated film adaptation ( anime ) was released in 1988 which shortened the plot considerably , but retained much of the main character and plot structures from the manga as well as many original scenes and settings . The manga takes place in a longer time frame than the film , and involves a much wider array of characters and subplots . Otomo 's Akira anime marked his transition from a career primarily in manga , to one almost exclusively in anime . Akira was instrumental in an upsurge of manga popularity outside Japan , especially as Epic Comics ' edition was colorized and coincided with the release of the film . It has won several awards , including the Kodansha Manga and Harvey Awards , and is named as being an important title in the French manga explosion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "762ad79039f4703bb4e9eab5513cf587", "text": "Yu-Gi-Oh! VRAINS is the sixth Yu-Gi-Oh ! anime series and the fifth spin-off produced by Gallop . It was originally scheduled to air in Japan in April 2017 after the conclusion of Yu-Gi-Oh ! Arc-V , but it was delayed to May 10 , 2017 . The series follows Yusaku Fujiki . It takes place in a high school environment in Den City . The series features Charisma Duelists who use VR and are similar to YouTubers . The show 's theme is `` Let 's take one step forward and try it ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5892a5f184bee7f1b60e8f35e5a566d5", "text": "List of Shiki chapters The manga adaption of Fuyumi Ono 's horror novel Shiki was drawn and written by Ryu Fujisaki , and serialized by Shueisha in Jump Square . The story is about a small Japanese village named Sotoba , which is plagued by bizarre deaths caused by what seemed to be an epidemic . However , when Toshio Ozaki , the hospital dean , performs his own investigations , he discovers vampires , known as `` Shiki '' ( `` Corpse Demon '' in English ) living in their midst . An English release of the manga series has yet to be announced . The first chapter was released in December 2007 , and it was serialized in Jump Square until June 2011 . An anime adaptation of the manga was announced in December 2009 . The first episode aired on Fuji TV on July 8 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "289f273e8a76392bc7f8bcc4c952fa4c", "text": "Phantom Dream is a Japanese shōjo manga series written by Natsuki Takaya . It was originally serialized in Hana to Yume Planet Zōkan from April 1994 to September 1997 , and later published in five tankōbon volumes by Hakusensha . The series follows Tamaki Otoya , an ancient summoner , as he battles to protect humanity from evil while also pursuing a romance with his childhood friend Asahi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a0a72f3d02d84c3044f36958af44583", "text": "Reborn! Reborn ! , known in Japan as , is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Akira Amano . The manga is about a young boy , Tsunayoshi Sawada , who discovers that he is next in line to become boss of the Vongola family , a powerful Mafia organization . The Vongolas ' most powerful hitman , a gun-toting infant named Reborn , is sent to teach Tsuna how to be a boss . The manga 's chapters were serialized in Japan in Shueisha 's Weekly Shōnen Jump from May 2004 to November 2012 and have been published in forty-two tankōbon volumes . An anime adaptation of the series by Artland aired on TV Tokyo from October 7 , 2006 to September 25 , 2010 . Viz Media licensed the manga and the television series for an English-language release . A number of video games , light novels , and other products were also created based on the series . Reborn ! is one of the best-selling Weekly Shōnen Jump manga , with several volumes top sellers in Japan . Reviewers praised its humor , storylines , fights and the infant characters ' design . However , they said it grew more violent after volume eight , becoming a typical shōnen series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c411164ee4a05e1b068ff8b769fdf3c5", "text": "List of Phantom: Requiem for the Phantom episodes This article is a list of the episodes of the Japanese anime series Phantom ~ Requiem for the Phantom ~ , which is animated by Bee Train and directed by Koichi Mashimo under the Project Phantom group . The series went on air on April 2 , 2009 on TV Tokyo . Subsequently the show also aired on AT-X , TV Aichi , and TV Osaka . Funimation Entertainment is streaming the series for its North American audience . The anime is based on the 2000 video game Phantom of Inferno . The series is about a Japanese national who gets kidnapped by an assassin syndicate called Inferno after he had personally witnessed an assassination while visiting the United States . Inferno is a criminal organization attempting to unite all known underworld mob gangs into one conglomerate . In order to achieve their goal , Inferno deploys its assassin operatives codenamed Phantom . Among them is an amnesiac girl named Ein and the Japanese national , who was given the name Zwei as his codename after being brainwashed of his previous memory . An announcement regarding the show was first announced in the January issue of Kadokawa Shoten 's Newtype magazine with Yoshimitsu Yamashita , Mutsumi Sasaki and Yoko Kikuchi being the main animators with Bee Train being in charge of animation . Soon afterwards , a promotional video of Phantom ~ Requiem of the Phantom ~ was broadcast on Biglobe . Music for the series is created under Masumi Itō , using the alias Hikaru Nanase . For the first 19 episodes , the opening song `` Karma '' is written and sung by Kokia and arranged by Hikaru Nanase , with the ending song is sung by Ali Project with CD singles released . From episode 20 onwards , a 2nd opening song is sung by Ali Project with a 2nd ending song `` Transparent '' written and sung by Kokia and also arranged by Nanase . In addition , the OST of the show with CD singles by Ayahi Takagaki and Miyu Irino have been released to the public on July 8 , 2009 . The Japanese DVD releases of Volume 1 came out on July 24 , 2009 with subsequent releases from Volumes 2 to 10 on August 25 , 2009 , September 25 , 2009 , October 23 , 2009 , November 25 , 2009 , December 22 , 2009 , January 22 , 2010 , February 25 , 2010 , March 25 , 2010 and April 23 , 2010 . FUNimation released the series on Blu-ray and DVD in 2011 . A manga adaptation of the show was published in tankōbon form on May 23 , 2009 by Media Factory and Nitroplus , with the manga being illustrated by Masaki Hiragi under Media Factory 's Monthly Comic Alive 's February issue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8afc8f6ede5eb19cd60d9f8095ab2269", "text": "Heroman is a manga/anime series created by Marvel 's Stan Lee ( story ) , Tamon Ohta ( characters ) , and Bones ( animation ) . The manga is published in Square Enix 's magazine Monthly Shōnen Gangan and began serialization in September 2009 , while the anime series premiered on April 1 , 2010 , on TV Tokyo and related stations . Stan Lee came up with the series ' basic plot , referring to the series and character as `` a new hero for the 21st century '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "640d6e53097fdd64afef812987c0333e", "text": "Eat-Man is a Japanese manga series created by Akihito Yoshitomi in 1996 which was serialized by MediaWorks monthly in 19 volumes until 2002 manga magazine Dengeki Comic Gao ! . In 1997 Studio Deen adapted the manga into a 12 episode anime television series which was broadcast in Japan from January 9 to March 27 , 1997 on TV Tokyo . A sequel , Eat-Man ' 98 , was also animated by Studio Deen and ran from October 8 to December 23 , 1998 . Both anime series are licensed in North America by Bandai Entertainment and the manga series was licensed by Viz Communications before it was dropped .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c0f603b733483af8673ac6e6e8285d8", "text": "Ga-Rei , also simply known as Ga-Rei or Ga-rei , is a supernatural action manga by . It has been serialized by Kadokawa Shoten in the magazine Monthly Shōnen Ace and collected in twelve tankōbon volumes . The English version was then released digitally on BookWalker on October 29 , 2014 . A prequel anime series , Ga-Rei : Zero , aired from October 5 , 2008 to December 21 , 2008 , which details the backstory of key characters Kagura and Yomi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61498b475d60a3ce20f48134a3db9086", "text": "List of Soul Eater chapters Soul Eater is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Atsushi Okubo . The series follows the adventures of three students at a school called the Death Weapon Meister Academy ( or DWMA for short ) , known as meisters , who use demon weapon companions with human and weapon forms . These meisters , Maka Albarn , Black Star , and Death the Kid , seek to turn their weapons , Soul Eater , Tsubaki , and the Thompson sisters respectively , into `` death scythes '' for Lord Death , the Grim Reaper and head of the DWMA , by having their weapons consume the souls of 99 evil humans and one witch . The manga initially began as three separate one-shots serialized between June 24 , 2003 and November 26 , 2003 in two manga magazines published by Square Enix . The first one-shot was published in the summer 2003 special edition of Gangan Powered , the second following in the autumn 2003 special edition of the same magazine , and the third serialized in Gangan Wing . The manga started regular serialization in Square Enix 's Monthly Shōnen Gangan magazine on May 12 , 2004 . The first tankōbon was released by Square Enix under their Gangan Comics imprint on June 22 , 2004 in Japan ; as of December 12 , 2013 , 25 volumes have been released . The series is published in English by Yen Press , and is serialized in Yen Press ' Yen Plus manga anthology magazine . The first issue of Yen Plus was released on July 29 , 2008 . An anime adaptation of the manga , produced by Bones and Aniplex , aired on TV Tokyo between April 7 , 2008 and March 30 , 2009 and contained 51 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3986cf07d84dcef616358ab56738c03", "text": "Makoto Ogino is a Japanese manga artist . His best-known work is the manga series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23b6189fa46ea53cf570670c93879a5d", "text": "Alive: The Final Evolution is a manga series written by Tadashi Kawashima and illustrated by Adachitoka . The series premiered in Monthly Shōnen Magazine in October 2003 . Tadashi finished the series on his sickbed in February 2010 and the final chapter was published in the March issue of the Monthly Shōnen Magazine , although he died soon after . The chapters were later collected by Kodansha and released in 21 tankōbon bound volumes . Del Rey Manga licensed series for an English localization and released eight volumes as of November 2009 . In July 2016 , Kodansha Comics USA took over North American release of the series digitally only . An anime adaptation for the series was planned and to be produced by Gonzo and co-produced by Anime International Company , but the adaptation was canceled due to Gonzo being delisted from the Tokyo Stock Exchange .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "faa10678a3e3f6f6ef75262371dfabd7", "text": "List of Kurokami: The Animation episodes Kurokami : The Animation is an anime series adapted from the manga of the same title originally published by Square Enix and serialized in Young Gangan . Produced by Sunrise and directed by directed by Tsuneo Kobayashi , the series had an advance screening of episode 1 on December 27 , 2008 before it began broadcasting on TV Asahi on January 8 , 2009 . The anime 's opening song `` Sympathizer '' is sung by Minami Kuribayashi and the ending song `` Irodori no Nai Sekai '' by Yōsei Teikoku with the second opening song `` tRANCE '' done by GRANRODEO . The second ending song `` Gekkou no Chigiri '' is also sung by Yōsei Teikoku also . The show centers on Keita Ibuki , who is portrayed as a high school student instead of a computer programmer from the manga , being drawn in a secret conflict concerning the Mototsumitamas . Together with Kuro and Akane , Keita tries to find out why his mother died after seeing her double and find out who wants to destabilize the coexistence balance on Earth . Word of an anime adaptation of Black God came from Young Gangan 's 20th issue with the announcement regarding the creation of Kurokami : The Animation . A promotional video of Kurokami : The Animation was broadcast on the internet . Bandai Entertainment announced that Kurokami : The Animation was officially licensed in North America , and would air first on January 8 , 2009 simultaneously in Japan on TV Asahi and in the United States on ImaginAsian , followed by South Korea on January 9 , 2009 on AniBOX . Also on May 18 , Bandai Entertainment uploaded onto YouTube and Crunchyroll the first 19 episodes as well as the special in English Dubbed form . Later episodes were episode on a week-by-week basis ; the entire series is currently available to watch online on YouTube . In the 2009 Comic-Con convention , Bandai has announced that Kurokami will see a Blu-ray release aside from DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6fda92137f02a2eeafeb03baec0183f", "text": "Majokko Megu-chan is a popular magical girl anime series . The manga was created by Tomô Inoue and Makiho Narita , while the 72-episode anime series was produced by Toei Animation between 1974 and 1975 . This series is considered an important forerunner of the present day magical girl genre , as the series ' characterization and general structure exerted considerable influence over future shows in the same genre . Most notably , several of the show 's recurring motifs were recycled in Toei 's Sailor Moon , AIC 's Pretty Sammy , and ( to a lesser degree ) Wedding Peach .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3f36a1f0e0e892bf6832cbcb673be3e2	Lee Min-ho won Best New Actor award.	[ { "docid": "6009d20851ff9c0c8f05234d36304f73", "text": "Lee Min-ho (actor, born 1987) Lee Min-ho ( , born June 22 , 1987 ) is a South Korean actor and singer . He first gained widespread fame in Korea and parts of Asia with his role as Gu Jun-pyo in Boys Over Flowers in 2009 . The role won him a Best New Actor award at the 45th Baeksang Arts Awards . He is noted for his leading roles in City Hunter ( 2011 ) , The Heirs ( 2013 ) and The Legend of the Blue Sea ( 2016 ) . The success of Lee 's television dramas throughout Asia established him as a top Hallyu star . Lee starred in his first leading role in film with Gangnam Blues ( 2015 ) , followed by his first China-produced film Bounty Hunters ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9344bc432bec720946bbd85817bfeb3b", "text": "Lee Hoon (actor) Lee Hoon ( born May 6 , 1973 ) is a South Korean actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d551694080fdd151b8a47a8b8b10eb2", "text": "46th Grand Bell Awards The Grand Bell Awards , also known as Daejong Film Awards , are determined and presented annually by The Motion Pictures Association of Korea for excellence in film in South Korea . The Grand Bell Awards were first presented in 1962 and have gained prestige as the Korean equivalent of the American Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d304f0b321a6296b5631c80553892003", "text": "Yoon Je-moon Yoon Je-moon ( born March 9 , 1970 ) is a South Korean actor . He appears in theater , film and television , notably in the movies The Man Next Door ( 2010 ) and Dangerously Excited ( 2012 ) , and the TV series The End of the World ( 2013 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b567f3e2151261db259d2ec8cce5c53", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Spike Lee This article presents the awards and nominations of American film director , producer , writer , and actor Spike Lee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02cfd97d239c27edf83184ab9e5ede37", "text": "Kim San-ho Kim San-ho ( born February 12 , 1982 ) is a South Korean actor . Kim is best known in musical theatre , having starred in Korean stage productions of Grease , The Fantasticks and the Kim Kwang-seok jukebox musical The Days . On television , he has also appeared in the drama Love , My Love and several seasons of the sitcom Rude Miss Young-ae .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e39bdf13ab61fb01240992909a3cb7e6", "text": "Michael K. Lee Michael K. Lee ( born June 5 , 1973 , in Brooklyn , New York ) is an American theater actor and singer who lives in Seoul , Korea . Lee is a graduate of Stanford University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33761afa2f6f8918b54a6e2d6b8ac47a", "text": "Lee Byung-woo Lee Byung-woo ( ; born January 22 , 1965 ) is a South Korean guitarist and composer of film scores . He has composed music for more than twenty films , including the segment `` Memories '' in Three ( 2002 ) , A Tale of Two Sisters ( 2003 ) , All for Love ( 2005 ) , The Host ( 2006 ) and Mother ( 2009 ) . Lee 's music for A Tale of Two Sisters was described by OhmyNews as `` one of the best film scores ever composed for a Korean film '' . He won Best Music at the 2004 Shanghai International Film Festival for Untold Scandal , and in 2006 his score for The King and the Clown won the same accolade at the Blue Dragon Film Awards . In 2007 , Lee received a further Best Music nomination at the 44th Grand Bell Awards for For Horowitz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "519c2092d26d2893202b713d4bc43c7a", "text": "35th Blue Dragon Film Awards The 35th Blue Dragon Film Awards ceremony was held on December 17 , 2014 at the Sejong Center for the Performing Arts in Seoul . It was broadcast on SBS and hosted by Kim Hye-soo and Yoo Jun-sang .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfbf48dcc6e1f551a9cbaaaa4234ec85", "text": "Edison Chen Edison Koon-hei Chen ( born 7 October 1980 ) is a Hong Kong film actor , musician , producer , entrepreneur , and fashion designer . Chen is also the founder of CLOT Inc. , and the CEO of Clot Media Division Limited . His native language is English , but he can speak and sing in Cantonese and in Mandarin and is conversational in Japanese , which allows him to be a part of multiple entertainment industries around the world . On 21 February 2008 he publicly announced that he intended to step away `` indefinitely '' from the Hong Kong entertainment industry due to the sex photo scandal in 2008 , in which numerous photographs of his naked body and private parts , and those of several Hong Kong Chinese actresses , were published online . He returned in 2010 but other than a brief cameo in the 2014 film Golden Chickensss , he did not make a complete comeback to the Hong Kong film industry until 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f548f080aea1dc20d4ac6ff46419609b", "text": "Min-jung (name) Min-jung , also spelled Min-jeong , is a Korean feminine given name . The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name . There are 27 hanja with the reading `` min '' and 75 hanja with the reading `` jung '' on the South Korean government 's official list of hanja which may be used in given names . People with this name include : Entertainers Yeo Min-jeong ( voice actress ) ( fl . 2000s ) , South Korean voice actress Seo Min-jung ( born 1979 ) , South Korean actress Lee Min-jung ( born 1982 ) , South Korean actress Kim Min-jung ( actress ) ( born 1982 ) , South Korean actress Han Yeo-reum ( born 1983 ) , stage name Seo Min-jeong , South Korean actress Sportspeople Ku Min-jung ( born 1973 ) , South Korean volleyball player Kim Min-jung ( speed skater ) ( born 1985 ) , South Korean speed skater Kim Min-jung ( badminton ) ( born 1986 ) , South Korean badminton player Kwak Min-jeong ( born 1994 ) , South Korean figure skater Kim Min-jung ( sport shooter ) ( born 1997 ) , South Korean sport shooter Choi Min-jeong ( born 1998 ) , South Korean short track speed skater Other Michael Yang ( born Yang Min-jeong , 1962 ) , South Korean-born American entrepreneur Mina Cheon ( born Cheon Min-jeong , 1973 ) , South Korean-born American new media artist", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25b49cb270b629d65257cc62965a0708", "text": "2016 MBC Drama Awards The 2016 MBC Drama Awards , presented by Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation ( MBC ) took place on December 30 , 2016 . It was hosted by Kim Gook-jin and Uee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64c2a087d895ecc73ddbacf9afdfcd43", "text": "Tony Lee (actor) Tony Lee is an actor . He attended Le Conte High School in Los Angeles , went to college at the University of California at Berkeley , and graduated with a degree in law from the University of California at Los Angeles . He has been admitted to the State Bar of California . He currently works for Cunningham Lindsey as a Customer Service Officer . Nonetheless , he has been playing mostly non-recurring roles in various television series since 2000 such as his role in The West Wing episode entitled `` Han '' , except for Lost , where he played Jae Lee for three episodes . He is also well known for playing his role as Tony Lee in the Nickelodeon television sitcom Just Jordan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "617fc821960274ceb1083d879edfb5ef", "text": "Lee Won-keun Lee Won-geun ( born June 27 , 1991 ) is a South Korean actor . He made his acting debut in the 2012 popular historical television drama Moon Embracing the Sun and is best known for starring in the high school drama Cheer Up ! ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28328de2aeb7ac17216bacfaaaf6c213", "text": "Lee Se-eun Lee Se-eun ( born August 31 , 1980 ) is a South Korean actress . Lee made her acting debut in 1999 , then began gaining popularity after starring in the horror film Bunshinsaba ( 2004 ) . She appears in both television and film , notably Coma ( 2005 ) , Love Needs a Miracle ( 2005 ) , Fly High ( 2007 ) , and The King of Legend ( 2010 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3aa991f238a226f9aa7d45a42f524434", "text": "Becoming a Billionaire Becoming a Billionaire ( ; lit . `` Birth of the Rich '' ) is a 2010 South Korean television series starring Ji Hyun-woo , Lee Bo-young , Lee Si-young and Namgung Min . It aired on KBS2 from March 1 to May 4 , 2010 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74f93e0245e849115ba87937befaf348", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Laurence Olivier . The award was originally entitled Play of the Year but was later renamed in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "282729128ad783581c8c45935ddca151", "text": "Min-hee Min-hee is a Korean feminine given name . The meaning depends on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name . There are 27 hanja with the reading `` min '' and 25 hanja with the reading `` hee '' on the South Korean government 's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names . People with this name include : Suk Min-hee ( born 1968 ) , South Korean handball player Kim Min-hee ( actress , born 1972 ) , South Korean actress Jeon Min-hee ( born 1975 ) , South Korean fantasy writer Lee Min-hee ( born 1980 ) , South Korean handball player Kim Min-hee ( actress , born 1982 ) , South Korean actress Bae Min-hee ( born 1988 ) , South Korean handball player Joo Min-hee ( born 1993 ) , South Korean singer , member of Stellar ( South Korean band ) Lee Min-hee , South Korean singer , member of Bambino ( band )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38bcdd2dc04e6ab6864a9151d4b0798c", "text": "Lee Isaac Chung Lee Isaac Chung ( born October 19 , 1978 ) is a Korean American film director and screenwriter . His debut feature Munyurangabo ( 2007 ) was an Official Selection at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival . The first narrative feature film in the Kinyarwanda language , the film was an Official Selection at the Cannes Film Festival , the Berlin Film Festival , the Toronto International Film Festival , the Busan International Film Festival . American critic Roger Ebert calls it `` in every frame a beautiful and powerful film -- a masterpiece . '' For the film , Chung was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award and the Breakthrough Director Award at the Gotham Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62f3ec20bdcba0c629d94824b4cd8efb", "text": "Lee Hong-bin Lee Hong-bin ( , born September 29 , 1993 ) , is a South Korean singer and actor signed under Jellyfish Entertainment . Hongbin debuted as a member of the South Korean boy group VIXX in May 2012 , and began his acting career in 2014 in SBS 's romantic drama Glorious Day as Yoo Ji-ho . He has since had a leading role in KBS2 's fantasy action-romance Moorim School ( 2016 ) as Wang Chi-ang .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09f227cf0141bf1224e9ca138d53d304", "text": "M. David Lee III M. David Lee III ( born September 14 , 1965 , Champaign , Illinois ) is an award-winning American film director , producer , writer , editor and director of photography . Lee is noted for his use of a version of the Dogme95 principals originally developed by Lars Von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg in his films . His production company , Triple Sticks Productions , has produced four feature films since 1997 and several short films dating back to the late '70s . Triple Sticks Productions is also distributing their film , Slow Down ... You 're Dating Too Fast ! . Lee has also spent time as a sports anchor with Comcast SportsNet Mid-Atlantic , SNY , WHBQ , KNTV , KDOC , and KCOY . In 2009 , `` Dog Me : Potluck , '' was selected for distribution on Netflix .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e70bd5b5d3067e38f79d7729b85df95d	Leslie Howard was a producer.	[ { "docid": "5333c4c10f3615ae5c7e7180ef87fa52", "text": "Leslie Howard (actor) Leslie Howard ( born Leslie Howard Steiner , 3 April 18931 June 1943 ) was an English stage and film actor , director and producer . Howard also wrote many stories and articles for The New York Times , The New Yorker and Vanity Fair . Howard was one of the biggest box-office draws and movie idols of the 1930s but is probably best remembered for playing Ashley Wilkes in Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . Howard had movie roles in many other notable films , including : Berkeley Square ( 1933 ) , Of Human Bondage ( 1934 ) , The Scarlet Pimpernel ( 1934 ) , The Petrified Forest ( 1936 ) , Pygmalion ( 1938 ) , Intermezzo ( 1939 ) , `` Pimpernel '' Smith ( 1941 ) and The First of the Few ( 1942 ) , receiving two nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor . Howard 's Second World War activities included acting and filmmaking . He was active in anti-German propaganda and rumoured to have been involved with British or Allied Intelligence , sparking conspiracy theories regarding his death in 1943 at the hands of the German Luftwaffe when the British airliner on which he was a passenger was shot down over the Bay of Biscay .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5e1b397bc5f0829985c3f031e777ebb8", "text": "The Leslie Uggams Show The Leslie Uggams Show is an American variety television series starring actress/singer Leslie Uggams . The series aired on CBS as part of its 1969 fall lineup , and was the second variety series to feature an African American host since 1956 's The Nat King Cole Show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11da7b6ecfe4d6361144611dea632226", "text": "Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series . The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense . Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 . In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79757eabbfea2de203a8d5629ea0df16", "text": "Liberty Studios Liberty Studios is the longest-running production house in continuous operation in New York City producing films , video , advertising and e-commerce productions . The studio was founded in 1963 by Anthony Lover . Liberty Studios has received both Emmy and Academy Award nominations . Liberty 's most notable creation is HBO 's program opening sequence `` HBO in Space '' . The studio has created and produced numerous award-winning television commercials , Broadway promotions , pro bono public service announcements , music videos and feature films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2edf70363aae5d899ec262b90f1c6f0f", "text": "Robbie Leslie Robbie Leslie was one of a small group of popular and influential disc jockeys working in the New York area , Florida , and The Coast in the 1970s , 1980s , and 1990s . Beginning his career at Fire Island 's disco The Sandpiper , he moved to New York City in 1979 . The list of clubs at which he regularly performed includes many well-known nightspots : Studio 54 , Palladium , Underground , The Red Parrot , The Saint , and 12 West . Leslie was one of the first major DJs to perform at multiple clubs weekly , at a time when management insisted on exclusive control of their artists . This freelance practice is still customary among DJs today . He was also the prototype of the modern `` circuit party DJ '' , travelling internationally to spin at special one-night party extravaganzas , events , and fund-raisers . He would continue as a circuit regular until 2002 . He was the last of 10 renowned disc jockeys performing at the marathon 40-hour closing party of New York 's private club , The Saint , 30 April-2 May 1988 . In 2005 , he celebrated thirty years in the night club business , and continues to perform in clubs around the country and internationally . He produces a weekly show on Sirius/XM Studio 54 Radio , `` Robbie Leslie Presents '' where he shares his classic recordings , current international shows , and legendary DJ showcases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d21b8fa54c4c9bc7e1d8fa2a366ff4cb", "text": "Howard Husock __ NOTOC __ Howard Husock is vice president for policy research at the Manhattan Institute , where he is also director of its Social Entrepreneurship Initiative and a contributing editor to the Institute 's quarterly magazine , City Journal . He is the author of the blog Philanthropy and Society on Forbes.com and author of the book Philanthropy Under Fire . Husock was nominated for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting Board of Directors by President Barack Obama in June 2013 and confirmed by the Senate in August 2013 . From 1987 through 2006 , Husock served as director of case studies in public policy and management at Harvard University 's Kennedy School of Government , where he was also a fellow at the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations . His publications on the nonprofit sector have appeared in The Wall Street Journal , National Affairs , Society Magazine , The Chronicle of Philanthropy , The Public Interest , The New York Times , and the Washington Post . In addition , Husock has written widely on housing and urban policy , including in his book , The Trillion-Dollar Housing Mistake : The Failure of American Housing Policy ( Ivan R. Dee , 2003 ) and his monograph Repairing the Ladder : Toward a New Housing Policy Paradigm ( Reason Foundation , 1996 ) . His work has also appeared in the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management , Philanthropy , and The Wilson Quarterly . Husock is a former broadcast journalist and documentary filmmaker whose work at WGBH-TV in Boston won three Emmy awards . His WGBH series Community Disorder : Racial Violence in Boston ( 1979 ) won the Robert F. Kennedy Journalism award for television . His WGBH credits include The Paterson Project : One City in the Reagan Era ( 1982 ) ; Pat Ewing and an American Dream ( 1981 ) ; Meet Tom Menino ( 1983 ) ; The World Halfball Tournament ( 1983 ) and America 's First School : 350 Years at Boston Latin ( 1984 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129a58b15d022d81864f28bc2d44901c", "text": "Howard Kazanjian Howard G. Kazanjian ( born July 26 , 1942 ) is an American film producer known for Raiders of the Lost Ark and Return of the Jedi . Kazanjian is also a former 8-year Vice President of Lucasfilm , Ltd. , and a published non-fiction author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d2245d2a5772857365d3266673bb222", "text": "Line producer A line producer is a type of film producer who is the key manager during daily operations of a feature film , television film , or an episode of a TV program . A line producer works on one film at a time . They are responsible for human resources and handling any problems that come up during production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cad8627071728e910030128f3a58ff67", "text": "Local programming The terms local programme , local programming , local content or local television refers to a television program made by a television station or independent television producer for broadcast only within the station 's transmission area or television market . Local programmes can encompass the whole range of programme genres but will usually only cover subjects or people of particular interest to an audience within the station 's coverage area . For example , a local sports programme will present results , interviews and coverage of games or matches , just like a network sports programme , but it would only feature teams and players from within the broadcaster 's transmission area . In some cases a television network programme may include a local element as well . This is particularly the case in the United Kingdom and still happens today with The Politics Show . The BBC regions will all opt-out at the same time from the main programme to present a locally produced segment . Sometimes locally made programmes that are not too specific to the transmission area , will be sold to other local stations for broadcast in their region . Historically there was a large percentage of local programming on television . Late in the 20th century this has significantly fallen . In many cases the only local programmes on a television station today will be the local newscast . The above can also apply to radio . A national radio network may have local studios or affiliates who opt-out at various times to present local programs and content . In the late-1950s , many of the early Australian television series such as Melbourne Magazine ( 1957 ) , Sydney Tonight ( 1956-1959 ) , and TV Talent Scout ( 1957-1958 ) were broadcast in only a single city .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05b83b22ab906ce73ef398365f29a9e5", "text": "Master Tape Theatre Master Tape Theatre is a radio show that broadcasts uncensored versions of The Howard Stern Show on Howard 101 on Sundays at 3:00 pm ( Eastern Time ) on Howard 101 . Each episode is presented as a moment in `` Howard history '' and is presented by the fictional British character , Sir Hardin Thicke , voiced by voice-over actor Mike Pollock . Although Sir Hardin Thicke has not been identified on the air , fan speculation about his voice talent included Fred Norris and Kevin Nealon . The show is a production of `` The Tapes Team '' at SIRIUS , along with Stern Spotlight , Mammary Lane and The History of Howard Stern .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "597617e7fc362501829de9b41d5dc0e1", "text": "Leslie Mills Leslie Mills is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acd4303f4cedf767e915e1cf04817433", "text": "Howard West Howard West ( 1931 -- December 3 , 2015 ) was an American TV producer , best known for his work with long-term partner George Shapiro , in producing and managing Jerry Seinfeld . Together with his childhood friend from Brooklyn , George Shapiro , he was a partner in Shapiro/West and Associates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3140d9711471925735d70d68bb328a75", "text": "John Goldwyn John Howard Goldwyn ( born August 10 , 1958 ) is an American film producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e099228e26918d4873d41ac00dac3a22", "text": "Park Avenue Logger Park Avenue Logger is a 1937 American film directed by David Howard . The film is also known as Millionaire Playboy in the United Kingdom and Tall Timber ( American reissue title ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b43d81acfd7dc4876dc68c70eb69e87a", "text": "The Howard Stern Show (WWOR) The Howard Stern Show is an American late-night television variety show , hosted by radio personality Howard Stern . It aired Saturdays , beginning at 11:00 pm , from July 14 , 1990 to August 8 , 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fd474a96233702971d8458e8871c241", "text": "Lenora Hume Lenora Hume is a Canadian animation Producer , Cinematographer , and Production Executive who has worked for Nelvana , The Walt Disney Company , and Hit Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "201d63d58cf2edf036cbf88293e30044", "text": "Howard Morrison Sir Howard Leslie Morrison ( 18 August 193524 September 2009 ) was a New Zealand entertainer . From 1964 until his death in 2009 he was one of New Zealand 's leading television and concert performers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02", "text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebc6102182df9ad329c7489ffb1076ec", "text": "Gail Lyon Gail Lyon is a film producer since 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "354b186210ca90be53b057ad27550a52", "text": "Joyce Howard Joyce Howard ( 28 February 1922 in London -- 23 November 2010 in Santa Monica , California ) was an English actress , writer and film executive . After studying at RADA , she was spotted by film director Anthony Asquith in a play at London 's Embassy Theatre . He cast the 19-year-old in Freedom Radio ( 1941 ) , and starring roles in films followed , including opposite James Mason in The Night Has Eyes and They Met in the Dark , the former winning her rave reviews . She was also active in theatre , including Romeo and Juliet at the Old Vic and in A Streetcar Named Desire . She performed in London throughout World War II , even as Nazis were bombing the city . In 1950 , after 13 films , she more or less retired from acting to raise her three children by actor Basil Sydney . Howard also began a second career as a writer . She wrote three well-received novels , Two Persons Singular ( 1960 ) , A Private View ( 1961 ) and Going On ( 2000 ) . She also wrote plays , including Broken Silence , which was produced by the BBC . After her divorce from Sydney , Howard married American psychoanalyst Joel Shor , and moved to California in 1964 . Although the couple eventually separated , Howard remained in California . To support her family as a single mother , she embarked on a third career as a story analyst for network television . She was promoted to executive and story editor at Paramount Pictures and Paramount TV , eventually becoming responsible for property acquisition and development . She also continued to write for television and wrote original treatments for miniseries The Whiteoaks and Picasso 's Painted Ladies . At the request of Henry Miller 's widow , Howard collated , edited and wrote an introduction to Letters by Henry Miller to Hoki Tokuda Miller ( 1986 ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
84d8636c7cb8b8ac5661a6a367c769c9	New York City features Columbia University.	[ { "docid": "6caa83d8c207aff7e13036f17dfc397d", "text": "New York City The City of New York , often called New York City or simply New York , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 sqmi , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . A global power city , New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and entertainment , its fast pace defining the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of New York State . The five boroughs -- Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island -- were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States , and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to more than 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the world 's largest foreign-born population of any city . By 2016 estimates , the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States , as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) , 20.2 million residents , and the Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) , 23.7 million residents . In 2013 , the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of nearly US$ 1.39 trillion . In 2012 , the CSA generated a GMP of over US$ 1.55 trillion . NYC 's MSA and CSA GDP are higher than the GDPs of all but 11 and 12 countries , respectively . New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626 . The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother , the Duke of York . New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790 . It has been the country 's largest city since 1790 . The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy . In the 21st century , New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship , social tolerance , and environmental sustainability . Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known , and the city received a record of nearly 60 million tourists in 2015 , hosting three of the world 's ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013 . Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world . Times Square , iconic as the world 's `` heart '' and its `` Crossroads '' , is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway Theater District , one of the world 's busiest pedestrian intersections , and a major center of the world 's entertainment industry . The names of many of the city 's bridges , tapered skyscrapers , and parks are known around the world . Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan , New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world , and the city is home to the world 's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization , the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ . Manhattan 's real estate market is among the most expensive in the world . Manhattan 's Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere , with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city . Providing continuous 24/7 service , the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide , with stations in operation . Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City , including Columbia University , New York University , and Rockefeller University , which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "81e5b640d193bdc50c8bb3724095243a", "text": "New York City mayoral elections The Mayor of the City of New York is elected in early November every four years and takes office at the beginning of the following year . The city , which elects the mayor as its chief executive , consists of the five boroughs ( Manhattan , The Bronx , Brooklyn , Queens and Staten Island ) , which consolidated to form `` Greater '' New York on January 1 , 1898 . The consolidated city 's first mayor , Robert A. Van Wyck , was elected with other municipal officers in November 1897 . Mayoral elections had previously been held since 1834 by the City of Brooklyn and the smaller , unconsolidated City of New York ( Manhattan , later expanded into the Bronx ) . The current mayor , now in his first term , is Bill de Blasio . He was elected on November 5 , 2013 , to a four-year term that began on January 1 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4500c1f0287bf28bc560859bc52fdfa2", "text": "University A university ( universitas , `` a whole '' , `` a corporation '' ) is an institution of higher ( or tertiary ) education and research which grants academic degrees in various academic disciplines . Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education . The word `` university '' is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium , which roughly means `` community of teachers and scholars . '' Universities were created in Italy and evolved from Cathedral schools for the clergy during the High Middle Ages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b515b9e5ba25425f0299bc385738b20f", "text": "Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University The Department of Epidemiology , Columbia University is one of six departments at Columbia University 's Mailman School of Public Health , located on the Columbia University Medical Center campus in New York City . It offers five graduate degrees , several doctoral and post-doctoral training programs , and holds a summer institute . The department also hosts a symposium series on public health issues like HIV , screening , and autism ; a lecture series on current epidemiologic topics , publishes a quarterly newsletter and sponsors a public health website called the 2x2 Project . The department 's research strengths include cancer epidemiology , HIV care and treatment , biologic and social determinants of population health , psychiatric epidemiology , epidemiology of injury , and applying methodologic approaches to look at epidemiology over the life course . The department is organized into six research areas , which are known as clusters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f281c52c9f0c9d616dc3ea39ce830f3", "text": "Lewisohn Hall Lewisohn Hall is a building on the Columbia University campus in Manhattan , New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ba260ecb58ec4b62350ec0f431d505d", "text": "Centre Street (Manhattan) Centre Street runs north -- south in the New York City borough of Manhattan . Centre Street runs from Park Row , through Chinatown , and continues north to Spring Street , where it merges with Lafayette Street . North of Reade Street , Centre Street is northbound-only ( south of Reade Street , to the Brooklyn Bridge , Centre Street is two-way ) . From Colonial times until the 19th century , it bordered the site of the Collect Pond , a body of fresh water that was the nascent city 's primary supply of drinking water , covering approximately 48 acres ( 194,000 m ² ) and running as deep as 50 feet ( 15 m ) . The pond was located just north of today 's Foley Square and just west of modern Chinatown . It has since been drained and converted into a city park . In colloquial usage , `` Centre Street '' may refer to the several courts or government offices along the street in the vicinity of Foley Square . 1 Centre Street is the Manhattan Municipal Building , 40 Centre Street is the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse ( home of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ) , 60 and 80 Centre Street are the civil division of the New York County Supreme Court , and 100 Centre Street is the criminal division of the New York County Supreme Court . That courthouse lent its address to a short-lived TV show of the same name . The courthouse is also home to the office of the Manhattan District Attorney , although its entrance is at 1 Hogan Place . 111 Centre Street is the New York City Civil Court . The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene is at 125 Worth Street , at the corner of Centre Street . Farther north , 240 Centre Street was the headquarters of the New York Police Department from 1909 until 1973 ; it is now residential . Additionally , the Museum of Chinese in America is located at 215 Centre Street , in Chinatown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cba6947fe35c4558f21f0a6ce8585508", "text": "Hostos Community College Eugenio María de Hostos Community College of The City University of New York is a community college in the City University of New York ( CUNY ) system located in the South Bronx , New York City . Hostos Community College was created by an act of the Board of Higher Education in 1968 in response to demands from the Hispanic/Puerto Rican community , which was urging for the establishment of a college to serve the people of the South Bronx . In 1970 , the college admitted its first class of 623 students at the site of a former tire factory . Several years later , the college moved to a larger site nearby at 149th Street and Grand Concourse . Hostos is the first institution of higher education on the mainland to be named after a Puerto Rican , Eugenio María de Hostos , an educator , writer , and patriot . A large proportion ( approximately 60 percent ) of the student population is Hispanic , thus many of the courses at Hostos are offered in Spanish , and the college also provides extensive English and ESL instruction to students . The Hostos Center for the Arts & Culture is a performing arts center contained within the college campus . It consists of a museum-grade art gallery , a 367-seat Repertory Theater , and a 900-seat Main Theater , presenting artists of national and international renown . It has been showcasing theater , dance and music artists for 33 years , with the mission `` to be a cultural force in the Bronx and throughout the New York metropolitan area . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92e182fd3dca14af6cc16e9522d59878", "text": "World Trade University World Trade University is a failed private university in British Columbia , Canada . Launched in 2001 , the university withdrew its application for degree-granting status in 2008 and `` has yet to open '' . The university was created via a private member 's bill of the British Columbia government -- an act that the Confederation of University Faculty Associations of B.C. ( CUFABC ) is requesting be rescinded . The British Columbia government `` erroneously '' described the university as a `` United Nations mechanism '' , and the university web site removed logos of the World Bank and the United Nations after those institutions denied that there were partnerships with the university . The university is located in a former military base , CFB Chilliwack , renovated at a cost of $ 1 million paid by the city . An August 2008 article in the National Post concluded that the story of this institution `` reflected badly on the B.C. government . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca10264e9595c776a10ea8aad685bbc3", "text": "City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City . A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states . Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "313d0b586e0ef90f4a309c8df443c032", "text": "Hartley Hall Hartley Hall was the first official residence hall ( or dormitory ) constructed on the campus of Columbia University 's Morningside Heights campus , and currently houses undergraduate students from Columbia College as well as the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science . The building is named for Columbia alumnus Marcellus Hartley Dodge , who donated $ 300,000 for its construction shortly after his graduation . The building was meant as a memorial to his grandfather , Marcellus Hartley , the owner of Remington Arms , who died during Dodge 's sophomore year and who bequeathed him the family fortune . Dodge hoped to create `` the commencement of a true dormitory system '' at Columbia . Construction began on Hartley Hall in 1904 and it opened in tandem with Livingston Hall in 1905 , welcoming students with its lobby of marble and oak . 200 students were housed in corridor-style rooms of various sizes . Lounges provided opportunities for social events such as teas with professors , although there was not yet an undergraduate dining hall on campus . Rooms of the period cost $ 3.30 per week , or $ 129 for the academic year , which , although more expensive than a roominghouse , ultimately allowed even poor students to afford bearth there . University President Nicholas Murray Butler , who presided over the hall 's opening , noted that `` in the interest of true democracy , '' rooms were arranged to allow `` the poorer student to live in the same building and the same entry with him who is better off , and so avoids the chasm between rich and poor living in separate buildings , of which there is so much complaint at Harvard . '' Subsequently , the building became home , among others , to authors Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac , who noted its cockroach problem . Overhauled during a 1980s renovation , the dorm is now organized into mostly two-story suites , where up to 15 students live in single and double rooms . The suites ' common space includes kitchens , bathrooms and living/dining areas . Along with neighboring Wallach Hall , it is currently part of the Living and Learning Center ( LLC ) , home to suite-style housing that intermingles all class levels and features interactive events designed to draw them together . An application process is required to obtain housing in either of the LLC dormitories . Hartley also houses Columbia 's undergraduate housing office . A small kosher deli used to be housed on the main floor . It was recently moved in 2007 to John Jay Hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "088cb32deadfe1f8dc6f2a86e30d9a2a", "text": "Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic At his death in 1927 , Payne Whitney bestowed the funds to build and endow the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic ( PWC ) on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . An eight story free-standing hospital , it was immediately affiliated with Cornell University 's medical school ( now Weill Cornell Medical College or Weill Cornell Medicine ) and with the New York Hospital ( now New York -- Presbyterian Hospital ) , both of which are adjacent to PWC . Payne Whitney was a large donor to the Hospital and Medical College , and it has been an issue of long speculation why he chose a psychiatric building to be his primary naming opportunity at New York-Cornell . The poet Robert Lowell wrote of his hospitalization at Payne Whitney , Marilyn Monroe was hospitalized there in early 1961 , and Mary McCarthy based her book , The Group , on her inpatient experience . The poet James Schuyler wrote about his experiences there in the eleven-poem series `` The Payne Whitney Poems '' which appeared in the New York Review of Books , August 17 , 1978 issue . In Woody Allen 's 1979 film , Manhattan , a character named Caroline Payne Whitney Smith is featured in a comedy sketch , where she and her husband are considered `` normal folks , '' except for the fact that she is a catatonic . The Payne Whitney building itself was torn down in the early 1990s to make way for an expansion of the New York-Presbyterian Hospital over the FDR Drive . Since that time , all clinical and research services at the two primary Cornell psychiatric campuses -- in Manhattan and in White Plains , New York -- have been named after Payne Whitney . The clinic also has an outpatient and Continuing Day Treatment Program in an off-campus building at East 61st Street and York Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . Payne Whitney Clinic and Weill Cornell Medical College have been home to some of the most notable psychiatrists in the country . Currently-affiliated psychiatrists and psychologists include Jack Barchas , Robert Michels , Otto F. Kernberg , James Kocsis , George Makari , Michael Posner , William Breitbart , and Theodore Shapiro . Previously-affiliated psychiatrists include Arnold Cooper , Frederic Flach , Benjamin Spock , Gerald Klerman , Robert Millman , Louis Jolyon West , David Silbersweig , Harry Tiebout , Mary Jane Sherfey , Helen Singer Kaplan , Allen Frances , and Paul McHugh . Payne Whitney has also been the `` voluntary faculty '' home to Roy Schafer , Richard Isay , Gail Saltz , and Daniel Stern , and the recent home of such senior scholars as David A. Hamburg and Beatrix Hamburg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53f91e93ce0ac25bb4376534f2af933a", "text": "Lower Manhattan Lower Manhattan , also known as Downtown Manhattan , is the southernmost part of Manhattan , the central borough for business , culture , and government in the City of New York , which itself originated at the southern tip of Manhattan Island in 1624 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1075910721298b80016220934c4a600", "text": "Sloane Hospital for Women The Sloane Hospital for Women is the obstetrics and gynecology service within New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City . Sloane Maternity Hospital was founded in 1886 based upon a donation from William D. Sloane and his wife , Emily Thorn Vanderbilt , the granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt , to Columbia P&S . It was located on the P&S campus in Midtown Manhattan at Amsterdam Avenue and 59th Street , serving as a teaching facility for P&S students , and opened its doors in early 1888 . It soon established a reputation for superior sanitary practices and low mortality rates ; it also linked obstetrics with gynecology , the first hospital in the country to do so . The facility changed its name to Sloane Hospital for Women in 1910 . In 1911 , a new surgical building was added , also funded by the Sloanes . In 1925 , it became part of Presbyterian Hospital , which was operating in affiliation with P&S . During 1928 , it moved with the Hospital to its present location on 168th Street in the Washington Heights area of northern Manhattan . There it maintained its name while occupying several floors of the Presbyterian Hospital building . The Hospital is now part of NewYork-Presbyterian / Morgan Stanley Children 's Hospital still in use today . In its role as both a research and clinical facility , the Sloane Hospital for Women has pioneered many advances in the field , including the Apgar score , the use of rhogam , and amniocentesis . In February 1915 , an outbreak of typhoid occurred among twenty-five nurses and attendants in the hospital , two of whom later died . The outbreak was later traced to Typhoid Mary , who had violated an agreement she had made with the city not to return to the cooking profession . -LSB- CITATION NEEDED -RSB- Notable people born at Sloane include National Geographic photographer Gordon Gahan and former First Lady of the United States Nancy Reagan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44c9d45cefb509d8718d43db0aa11b37", "text": "Central Park Central Park is an urban park in Manhattan , New York City . Central Park is the most visited urban park in the United States , with 40 million visitors in 2013 , and one of the most filmed locations in the world . The park was established in 1857 on 778 acre of city-owned land . In 1858 , Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux , a landscape architect and an architect , respectively , won a design competition to improve and expand the park with a plan they titled the `` Greensward Plan '' . Construction began the same year and the park 's first area was opened to the public in the winter of 1858 . Construction continued during the American Civil War farther north , and was expanded to its current size of 843 acre in 1873 . Central Park was designated a National Historic Landmark by the U.S. Department of the Interior in 1962 , which in April 2017 placed it on the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage sites . The park , managed for decades by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation , is currently managed by the Central Park Conservancy under contract with the municipal government in a public-private partnership . The Conservancy is a non-profit organization that contributes 75 percent of Central Park 's $ 65 million annual budget and is responsible for all basic care of the 843-acre park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecdeabf89d423f98dea8b4ed60ab39fa", "text": "Philolexian Society The Philolexian Society of Columbia University is one of the oldest college literary and debate societies in the United States , and the oldest student group at Columbia . Founded in 1802 , the Society aims to `` improve its members in Oratory , Composition and Forensic Discussion . '' The name Philolexia is Greek for `` love of discourse , '' and the society 's motto is the Latin word Surgam , meaning `` I shall rise . '' Philolexian ( known to members as `` Philo , '' pronounced with a long `` i '' ) has been called the `` oldest thing at Columbia except the College itself , '' and it has been an integral part of Columbia from the beginning , providing the institution with everything from its colors , Philolexian Blue ( along with White , from her long-dispatched rival Peithologian Society ) , to some of its most solemn traditions and many of its most noted graduates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "750a87228e3493027ef7f263288ee0ea", "text": "200 Central Park South 200 Central Park South is a Modern-style building on the south side of Central Park in New York City , at the corner of 7th Avenue and Central Park South ( 59th Street ) . It is most notable for its curving facade , banded by balconies . Its exterior is beige brick and glass . It is across from a major pedestrian and vehicle entrance into Central Park , known as the `` Merchant 's Gate '' . This full service building was built post-war in 1963 by Bernard Spitzer and Melvin Lipman . It was designed by Wechsler & Schimenti . This building is highly recognizable in New York City photographs , most notably for its curved facade . The building is lined with terraces that taper in , then curve , and taper out as they wrap around the two faces of the building . Morris Lapidus 's Fontainebleau Hotel ( 1954 ) `` The curved base of this 35-story modernist residential tower , built 1963 , allows more apartments to have park views . '' The building 's design was explained by Robert A. M. Stern , Thomas Mellins and David Fishman in their book , New York 1960 , Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial , as `` a kind of aggressive , self-referential Modernism that had hitherto been largely absent from Manhattan . '' As of 2016 it is a full-service residential co-op apartment building . This Midtown West building currently has 309 apartments spanning 34 floors . Amenities for its residents include a roof deck , elevator operators , maid service , valet , garage , and concierge . In 2016 , it is rated as the # 2 co-op building in Midtown , and # 13 in Manhattan , according to . An interesting fact is that most passersby think it is a 21-story building , and are unaware of its tower , setback , which brings it up 14 more floors . Spritzer reportedly got the idea for the famous curve from the curve drawn by a pencil thrown in frustration . Its tapered balconies have been said to give it a Barcelona feel . It was built in 1963 , not 1965 , according to some websites . Horsley asserts it resembles the Fontainebleau Hotel ( 1954 ) , in Miami , designed by Morris Lapidus . Residents have included : Raquel Welch Dino De Laurentiis Across Seventh Avenue is the New York Athletic Club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56d61c062525438edb667ddc0ca34368", "text": "Washington Square Park Washington Square Park is a 9.75 acre public park in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan , New York City . One of the best known of New York City 's 1,900 public parks , it is a landmark as well as a meeting place and center for cultural activity . It is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation . The Park is an open space , dominated by the Washington Square Arch at the northern gateway to the park , with a tradition of celebrating nonconformity . The Park 's fountain area has long been one of the city 's popular spots for residents and tourists . Most of the buildings surrounding the park now belong to New York University , but many have at one time served as homes and studios for artists . Some of the buildings have been built by NYU while others have been converted from their former uses into academic and residential buildings . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32f73d4bf9c20413f2fd6330a37b0315", "text": "New York City ethnic enclaves Since its founding in 1625 by Dutch traders as New Amsterdam , New York City has been a major destination for immigrants of many nationalities who have formed ethnic enclaves , neighborhoods dominated by one ethnicity . Freed African American slaves also moved to New York City in the Great Migration and the later Second Great Migration and formed ethnic enclaves . These neighborhoods are set apart from the main city by differences such as food , goods for sale , or even language . Ethnic enclaves provide inhabitants security in work and social opportunities , but limit economic opportunities , do not encourage the development of English speaking , and keep immigrants in their own culture . , 36 % of the population of New York City are immigrants . African Americans , Haitian Americans , Jamaican Americans , Indo-Caribbean Americans , and Trinidadian Americans have all formed Caribbean ethnic enclaves in New York . Asian ethnic groups with enclaves in New York include Chinese Americans , Japanese Americans , Filipino Americans , Indian Americans , Indo-Caribbean Americans , Afghan Americans , Burmese Americans , Bangladeshi Americans , Nepalese Americans , Sri Lankan Americans , Bhutanese Americans , Thai Americans , Pakistani Americans , Indonesian Americans , Malaysian Americans , Taiwanese Americans , and Korean Americans . European ethnic groups with ethnic enclaves include Greek Americans , Irish Americans , Italian Americans , Albanian Americans , Jewish Americans , Polish Americans , and Russian Americans . Latin American groups with ethnic enclaves include Dominican Americans , Guyanese , Salvadoran American , Ecuadorian American , Mexican Americans , and Puerto Ricans . Middle Eastern ethnic groups that have formed ethnic enclaves include Palestinian Americans , Jordanian Americans , Egyptian Americans , Syrian Americans and Lebanese Americans . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea743ac577b8af92402925881331a5fb", "text": "Havemeyer Hall Havemeyer Hall is an historic academic building located in Columbia University in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14b3dc86e918fb818d41b412e0339f4e", "text": "List of state universities in the United States In the United States , a state college or state university is one of the public colleges or universities funded by or associated with the state government . In some cases , these institutions of higher learning are part of a state university system , while in other cases they are not . Several U.S. territories also administer public colleges and universities . The U.S. federal government does not run colleges or universities except for the service academies , the Community College of the Air Force , the Naval Postgraduate School , the Air Force Institute of Technology , the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , military war colleges and staff colleges , and Haskell Indian Nations University . Additionally , Georgetown University , Gallaudet University , Howard University , and American University are private universities that are federally chartered . However , the federal government does make grants to state universities . These state , as well as private , universities are accredited by different regional , not national , accreditation agencies , including the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools , the New England Association of Schools and Colleges , the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities , the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools , the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools , and the Western Association of Schools and Colleges , depending on which region of the United States the university is located in . These accreditation agencies ' approvals are critical to a university 's operations and public reputation . If a university loses accreditation or is not accredited in the first place , students will be reluctant to either continue or enroll at the school because the degree will be seen as being worthless . In a worst-case scenario , a university can shut down completely . The aforementioned agencies are all recognized by the United States Department of Education . Most state universities receive at least part of their funding from the state , although many have substantial income from tuition and fees , endowment proceeds , donations ( such as from alumni or philanthropists ) , and revenue from royalties . State universities usually offer lower tuition costs to in-state residents . According to the College Board , public four-year colleges charge on average $ 7,605 per year in tuition and fees for full-time in-state students and $ 11,990 for out-of-state students . In some states , e.g. Maryland , Tennessee , Indiana , and Washington , there is a campus designated as the `` flagship '' campus in the state 's university system , which generally is the most prestigious campus and the largest campus in student population , e.g. the University of Maryland College Park campus in the University System of Maryland , the Indiana University Bloomington campus in the Indiana University System , the University of Tennessee Knoxville campus in the University of Tennessee System , and the University of Washington 's Seattle campus in the University of Washington System . However , in some other states , the state universities are treated as equal partners ; therefore there is no officially recognized flagship campus in the state 's university system . There are a number of states that have more than one university system , e.g. California with 2 ; Colorado with 2 ; New York with 2 ; and Texas with 6 ( the most ) . Notes : As a general rule , schools are not alphabetized by their complete names , but rather by the names by which they are normally called . For example , in a list alphabetized by normal rules , `` Auburn University '' would precede `` University of Alabama , '' but the schools are virtually always referred to in popular conversation as `` Auburn '' and `` Alabama '' ( followed by a campus identifier if required by the context ) . Therefore , in this article , `` Alabama '' precedes `` Auburn '' . The list includes some of the more common academic nicknames or acronyms used for certain colleges or universities , e.g. `` Ole Miss '' for the University of Mississippi , `` Idaho State '' for Idaho State University , or `` UNF '' for the University of North Florida , not the `` Rebels '' , `` Bengals '' , or `` Ospreys '' , respectively . To minimize any confusion regarding acronyms , either the first school listed or the school that is more nationally known having an acronym the same as another has the acronym provided , e.g. San Diego State University has the acronym `` SDSU '' included because it is listed before South Dakota State University , and Arizona State University has the acronym `` ASU '' given because it is better known nationally than Alabama State . In addition , only acronyms that are unique are given , e.g. `` UW Tacoma '' for the University of Washington 's Tacoma campus or `` UNH '' for the University of New Hampshire . The list also includes schools that grant first-professional doctorates only ( e.g. , medical schools , law schools , or veterinary schools ) that are independent of any other school in a state system . To see a list of community colleges and technical centers in the United States that offer only associate 's degrees , visit the community colleges list . To see a list of tribal colleges and universities in the United States , visit the tribal colleges and universities list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "699893a59365f4c1dd225ddf17f54b65", "text": "Oberlin Group The Oberlin Group is an `` informal consortium of the libraries of approximately 80 selective liberal arts colleges in the United States . The group developed as a result of conferences held in 1984-85 at Oberlin College when the presidents of 50 colleges met to discuss the role of science education . Agnes Scott College ( GA ) Albion College ( MI ) Alma College ( MI ) Amherst College ( MA ) Augustana College ( IL ) Austin College ( TX ) Bard College ( NY ) Barnard College ( NY ) Bates College ( ME ) Beloit College ( WI ) Berea College ( KY ) Bowdoin College ( ME ) Bryn Mawr College ( PA ) Bucknell University ( PA ) Carleton College ( MN ) Claremont McKenna College ( CA ) Clark University ( MA ) Coe College ( IA ) Colby College ( ME ) Colgate University ( NY ) Colorado College ( CO ) Connecticut College ( CT ) Davidson College ( NC ) Denison University ( OH ) DePauw University ( IN ) Dickinson College ( PA ) Drew University ( NJ ) Earlham College ( IN ) Eckerd College ( FL ) Franklin & Marshall College ( PA ) Furman University ( SC ) Gettysburg College ( PA ) Grinnell College ( IA ) Gustavus Adolphus College ( MN ) Hamilton College ( NY ) Harvey Mudd College ( CA ) Haverford College ( PA ) College of the Holy Cross ( MA ) Hope College ( MI ) Kalamazoo College ( MI ) Kenyon College ( OH ) Knox College ( IL ) Lafayette College ( PA ) Lake Forest College ( IL ) Lawrence University ( WI ) Macalester College ( MN ) Manhattan College ( NY ) Middlebury College ( VT ) Mills College ( CA ) Morehouse College ( GA ) Mount Holyoke College ( MA ) Oberlin College ( OH ) Occidental College ( CA ) Ohio Wesleyan University ( OH ) Pitzer College ( CA ) Pomona College ( CA ) Randolph-Macon College ( VA ) Reed College ( OR ) Rhodes College ( TN ) Rollins College ( FL ) Sarah Lawrence College ( NY ) Scripps College ( CA ) Sewanee : The University of the South ( TN ) Simmons College ( MA ) Skidmore College ( NY ) Smith College ( MA ) Spelman College ( GA ) College of Saint Benedict and Saint John 's University ( MN ) St. Lawrence University ( NY ) St. Olaf College ( MN ) Swarthmore College ( PA ) Trinity College ( CT ) Trinity University ( TX ) Union College ( NY ) Vassar College ( NY ) Wabash College ( IN ) Washington and Lee University ( VA ) Wellesley College ( MA ) Wesleyan University ( CT ) Wheaton College ( MA ) Whitman College ( WA ) Whittier College ( CA ) Willamette University ( OR ) Williams College ( MA ) College of Wooster ( OH )", "title": "" } ]	fever
f911c2c28c91a2905b8b458e8cc77534	John Wayne Gacy Jr. was a serial killer.	[ { "docid": "1964e59fb7b2c52ae494b3777708de08", "text": "John Wayne Gacy John Wayne Gacy Jr. ( March 17 , 1942 -- May 10 , 1994 ) was an American serial killer and rapist . He sexually assaulted , tortured and murdered at least 33 teenage boys and young men between 1972 and 1978 in Cook County , Illinois ( a part of metropolitan Chicago ) . All of Gacy 's known murders were committed inside his Norwood Park ranch house . His victims were typically lured to his address by force or deception , and all but one of his victims were murdered by either asphyxiation or strangulation with a makeshift tourniquet ; his first victim was stabbed to death . Gacy buried 26 of his victims in the crawl space of his home . Three other victims were buried elsewhere on his property , while the bodies of his last four known victims were discarded in the Des Plaines River . Convicted of 33 murders , Gacy was sentenced to death on March 13 , 1980 for 12 of those killings . He spent 14 years on death row before he was finally executed by lethal injection at Stateville Correctional Center on May 10 , 1994 . Gacy became known as the `` Killer Clown '' because of his charitable services at fundraising events , parades , and children 's parties where he would dress as `` Pogo the Clown '' , a character he devised himself .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "19a6b91763e65d33d7cb650ef2be0654", "text": "Fred Burke `` Fred `` Killer '' Burke ( May 29 , 1893 -- July 10 , 1940 ) was a Midwestern armed robber and contract killer responsible for many crimes during the Prohibition era . He is considered a prime suspect in the infamous St. Valentine 's Day Massacre of 1929 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0ea78667f65c903d6154771f64c6faa", "text": "David Berkowitz David Richard Berkowitz ( born Richard David Falco ; June 1 , 1953 ) , known also as the Son of Sam and the .44 Caliber Killer , is an American serial killer who was convicted of eight separate shooting attacks that began in New York City during the summer of 1976 . The crimes were perpetrated with a .44 caliber Bulldog revolver . He killed six people and wounded seven others by July 1977 . As the number of victims increased , Berkowitz eluded the biggest police manhunt in the history of New York City while leaving letters that mocked the police and promised further crimes , which were highly publicized by the press . The killing spree terrorized New Yorkers and achieved worldwide notoriety . On the evening of August 10 , 1977 , Berkowitz was taken into custody by New York City police homicide detectives in front of his Yonkers apartment building , and he was subsequently indicted for eight shooting incidents . He confessed to all of them , and claimed to have been obeying the orders of a demon , manifested in the form of a dog `` Harvey '' who belonged to his neighbor `` Sam '' . Despite his explanation , Berkowitz was found mentally competent to stand trial . He pleaded guilty to second-degree murder and was incarcerated in state prison . In the course of further police investigation , Berkowitz was also implicated in many unsolved arsons in the city . Intense coverage of the case by the media lent a kind of celebrity status to Berkowitz , and some observers noted that he seemed to enjoy it . In response , the New York State legislature enacted new legal statutes , known popularly as `` Son of Sam laws '' , designed to keep criminals from profiting financially from the publicity created by their crimes . Despite various amendments and legal challenges , the statutes have remained law in New York , and similar laws have been enacted in several other states . Berkowitz has been imprisoned since his arrest and is serving six consecutive life sentences . During the mid-1990s , he amended his confession to claim that he had been a member of a violent Satanic cult that orchestrated the incidents as ritual murder . He remains the only person ever charged with the shootings , yet some law enforcement authorities have questioned whether Berkowitz 's claims are credible . A new investigation of the murders began during 1996 , but was suspended indefinitely after inconclusive findings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3cf2117ad26f2b8c591276b4d47dc57", "text": "Joseph Paul Franklin Joseph Paul Franklin ( born James Clayton Vaughn , Jr. ; April 13 , 1950 -- November 20 , 2013 ) was an American serial killer who gained notoriety for numerous murders in the late 1970s and early 1980s . His killing spree was the subject of a fictional novel entitled Hunter by white supremacist William Luther Pierce . Pierce said of Franklin that `` he saw his duty as a white man and did what a responsible son of his race must do . '' He was convicted of several murders , and received six life sentences , as well as the death sentence . He confessed to the attempted murders of two prominent men : the magazine publisher Larry Flynt in 1978 and Vernon Jordan , Jr. , the civil rights activist , in 1980 . Both survived their injuries , but Flynt was left permanently paralyzed from the waist down . Franklin was not convicted in either of those cases . Because Franklin repeatedly changed his accounts of some crimes , and was not charged in some cases in which he was suspected , officials can not determine the full extent of his crimes . His claims of racial motivation were offset by a defense expert witness who testified in 1997 that Franklin was a paranoid schizophrenic who was not fit to stand trial . Franklin was on death row for 15 years awaiting execution in the state of Missouri for the 1977 murder of Gerald Gordon . He was executed by lethal injection on November 20 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ec8c14584488573809a31da108b6a2", "text": "The Night Letter The Night Letter is a 1978 book by Paul Spike , with a double-layered structure : an anti-Nazi spy thriller on the background of the early part of the Second World War , and an exposure of cynical and machiavellian maneuverings in the American corridors of power . The book belongs to the subgenre of secret history -- i.e. with a plot in which real historical figures play a substantial part , doing things which are the author 's invention but which supposedly ( for reasons given in the plot ) remained secret and did not come to the knowledge of the public . In the book , a British doctor meets in 1936 with President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who is unaware that the doctor is a Nazi sympathizer . The visitor manages to secretly photograph the President in a compromising position with his secretary , Missy LeHand ( whom historians widely assume to have been indeed Roosevelt 's mistress ) . By 1940 , senior Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich possesses the picture and intends to use the photo for blackmail and prevent Roosevelt from running for a third term -- in the hope that whoever gets elected instead would be more likely to keep the US out of the Second World War . The President must recover the photo before the Democratic Party Convention which is about to nominate him . What makes the situation more difficult is that Roosevelt also needs to bypass the FBI -- for apprehension that should the photo fall into the hands of J. Edgar Hoover , the FBI Director might use it for his own brand of blackmail . Instead , Roosevelt employs former FBI Agent Jackson , who had left the Bureau under a cloud and incurred Hoover 's personal enmity , and who is completely loyal to the President . The bulk of the book follows Jackson 's chase after the photo , starting from Paris at the very eve of its fall to the Wehrmacht and concluding with a cataclysmic confrontation at a secret Michigan base of the `` Silver Shirts '' -- a murderous , power-mad American Fascist militia ( which truly existed , though not necessarily doing all that the book describes it as doing ) . The chase ends with a mixed result -- the Nazi agents have been killed or captured , but the negative did fall into the hands of the FBI who caught the scent of what was going on . The book ends on a cynical note : Hoover meets the President at the White House , claims to have destroyed the negatives ( which is manifestly untrue ) and proceeds to imperiously demand the sacking of Jackson -- obviously he is under the impression that he now holds Roosevelt 's fate in his hand . Upon being shown this , the President presents a photo of his own , showing Hoover in a compromising position with a handsome young FBI agent . Roosevelt and Hoover would henceforth be tied to each other , `` like convicts in chain gang '' , each able to destroy the other but only at the cost of his own destruction . Category :1978 books Category : Corruption Category : Secret histories Category : Thriller novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e67aaa4f6a89fbf3fed7fbc1599522e9", "text": "The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy `` The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy '' is an article published in the premiere issue of Scanlan 's Monthly in March 1970 , written by Hunter S. Thompson . The subject of the article is Jean-Claude Killy , the alpine skiing champion who , in the 1968 Winter Olympics , became the second alpine skier ever to win three gold medals in a single olympic games . By the time of the article Killy , then 26 , was retired from skiing and had embarked on the next phase of his career -- endorsements . Thompson 's article follows Killy around the United States during his marketing tour for the Chevrolet automotive company . As he attends automotive shows , holds press conferences , and makes appearances for television ( all in conjunction with fellow Chevrolet spokesman , O.J. Simpson ) Thompson chronicles the newly flush world of celebrity sports endorsements . Though endorsement by a sports figure was not an entirely new concept , the world-wide magnitude of Killy 's stardom made his Chevrolet contract something of a fascination for Thompson . The article 's focus on the relative depths of the new pitch-man status obtained by Killy so shortly after the incredible heights he had achieved develops through acerbic descriptions of the settings Killy finds himself in , the automotive executives that profit by him , and the fans and onlookers who make him such a valuable spokesman . Through it all , Killy 's focus on his own enormous profit is a source of worry to Thompson . The trend he sees developing is one of larger-than-life stars -- athletes of the highest physical standards who have achieved feats unimaginable by normal people -- demeaning themselves and their accomplishments by agreeing to shill for a few extra dollars . An enormous sports fan himself , Thompson is distraught by this turn of events and wonders that Killy was never quite sure `` why I was embarrassed for him in those scenes . '' Thompson compares Killy to F. Scott Fitzgerald 's Gatsby : although , unlike that character , Killy 's dollars are earned honestly , the author concludes while watching Killy 's selling of himself that `` nothing in his narrow , high-powered experience can allow him to understand how I can watch his act and say that it looks , to me , like a very hard dollar -- maybe the hardest . '' The article was later included in Thompson 's collection The Great Shark Hunt ( 1979 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac2facde43d8047d37450d9a66611b26", "text": "Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 is a United States federal law providing funds to states that follow a series of federal protections , known as the `` core protections , '' on the care and treatment of youth in the justice system . The four `` core protections '' of the act are : Deinstitutionalization of Status Offenders ( DSO ) -- the deinstitutionalization of status offenders and non-offenders requires that youth who are runaways , truants or curfew violators can not be detained in juvenile detention facilities or adult jails ; `` Sight and Sound '' -- The `` Sight and Sound '' separation protection disallows contact between juvenile and adult offenders ( i.e. if juveniles are put in an adult jail or lock up under the limited circumstances the law allows for , they must be separated from adult inmates ) ; `` Jail Removal '' -- The `` Jail Removal '' disallows the placement of youth in adult jails and lock ups except under very limited circumstances ; Disproportionate Minority Confinement ( DMC ) -- The DMC provision requires states to address the issue of over-representation of youth of color in the justice system . The `` DSO '' and `` Sight and Sound '' protections were part of the original law in 1974 . The `` Jail Removal '' provision was added in 1980 in response to finding youth incarcerated in adult facilities resulted in `` a high suicide rate , physical , mental , and sexual assault , inadequate care and programming , negative labeling , and exposure to serious offenders and mental patients . '' The `` DMC '' requirement was added in the JJDPA in 1992 . The compliance of states towards the requirements of the JJDP Act is monitored by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention . , the `` vast majority '' of participating states comply with the first three requirements and are making strides towards the fourth . . With the exception of Wyoming , all states participate in the program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "947f4d8da8f984aa41cff6e0b343d1ab", "text": "Deliverance Deliverance is a 1972 American rural horror film produced and directed by John Boorman , and starring Jon Voight , Burt Reynolds , Ned Beatty and Ronny Cox , with the latter two making their feature film debuts . The film is based on the 1970 novel of the same name by American author James Dickey , who has a small role in the film as the Sheriff . The screenplay was written by Dickey and an uncredited Boorman . It was a critical success , earning three Academy Award nominations and five Golden Globe nominations . Widely acclaimed as a landmark picture , the film is noted both for the music scene near the beginning , with one of the city men playing `` Dueling Banjos '' on guitar with a banjo-playing country boy , that sets the tone for what lies ahead -- a trip into unknown and potentially dangerous wilderness -- and for its visceral and notorious male rape scene . In 2008 , Deliverance was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "689f833b61732cdb6bbf4a2399e0e7f9", "text": "Career Girls Murders The `` Career Girls Murders '' was the name given by the media to the killings of Emily Hoffert and Janice Wylie in their apartment on the Upper East Side of Manhattan on August 28 , 1963 . George Whitmore , Jr. , was accused of this and other crimes but later cleared . The actions of the police department led Whitmore to be improperly accused of this and other crimes , including the murder of Minnie Edmonds and the attempted rape and assault of Elba Borrero . Whitmore was wrongfully incarcerated for 1,216 days -- from his arrest on April 24 , 1964 , until his release on bond on July 13 , 1966 , and from the revocation of his bond on February 28 , 1972 -- until his exoneration on April 10 , 1973 , when , after what author T.J. English called , in his book The Savage City , `` a numbing cycle of trials , convictions , convictions overturned , retrials , and appeals '' , Whitmore was cleared of all charges and set free . Whitmore 's treatment by the authorities has been cited as an example that led the US Supreme Court to issue the guidelines known as the Miranda rights . The Supreme Court cited Mr. Whitmore 's case as `` the most conspicuous example '' of police coercion in the country when it issued its 1966 ruling establishing a set of protections for suspects , including the right to remain silent , in Miranda v. Arizona .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51dc62e045302cac938d1d5ac58e0112", "text": "John C. Woods John Clarence Woods ( June 5 , 1911 -- July 21 , 1950 ) was a United States Army master sergeant who , with Joseph Malta , carried out the Nuremberg executions of ten former top leaders of the Third Reich on October 16 , 1946 , after they were sentenced to death at the Nuremberg Trials . Time magazine credited him with 347 executions to that date during a 15-year career . According to recent research , a number of 60 to 70 over a period of two years is more credible . Born in Wichita , Kansas , Woods joined the US Navy on December 3 , 1929 , and went absent without leave within months . He was convicted at a general court martial and subsequently examined by a psychiatric board on April 23 , 1930 . He was diagnosed with `` Constitutional Psychopathic Inferiority without Psychosis '' , was found `` poor service material '' and discharged . Before being inducted into the United States Army in August 1943 , Woods was intermittently employed in construction as a laborer , and was working part-time at a feed-store in Eureka , Kansas , when he was registered for Selective Service in 1940 . He was married to a nurse , Hazel Woods , but had no children . Before D-Day , American military executions by hanging in the European Theater of Operations occurred in England only and were performed by the civilian executioner Thomas Pierrepoint with assistance by Albert Pierrepoint and other British personnel . When in autumn of 1944 military executions by hanging were scheduled in France , the Army looked for a volunteer enlisted hangman and found Woods , who falsely claimed previous experience as assistant hangman in two cases in Texas and two in Oklahoma -- there is no evidence that the U.S. Army made any attempt to verify Woods ' claims . In fact , Woods had no documented pre-war experience as a hangman . Woods at that time was a private and a member of the 37th Engineer Combat Battalion . He was promoted to master sergeant and transferred to Paris Disciplinary Training Center . Woods performed as the primary executioner in the hangings of 34 American soldiers at various locations in France over 1944 -- 1945 , and assisted in at least three others . U.S. Army reports suggest that Woods participated in at least 11 bungled hangings of US soldiers between 1944 and 1946 . Woods also participated in the execution of about forty-five war criminals at various locations which included Rheinbach , Bruchsal , Landsberg , and Nuremberg , however Donald E. Wilkes Jr. , a professor of law at the University of Georgia Law School , noted that many of the executed Nazis fell from the gallows with a drop insufficient to snap their necks , resulting in their death by suffocation that in some cases lasted several minutes . After the Nuremberg executions , Woods stated : While serving with the 7th Engineer Brigade in Eniwetok , Marshall Islands , on July 21 , 1950 , Woods was accidentally electrocuted while attempting to repair an engineer lighting set . He is buried in Toronto Township Cemetery , Toronto , Kansas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9aef7acebdfad60a53e360e58f74c9e", "text": "Christopher Peterson (serial killer) Obadyah Ben-Yisrayl ( born Christopher Dwayne Peterson January 20 , 1969 ) is an American man found guilty of committing four murders and acquitted on three other murder charges related to the `` Shotgun Killer '' spree in Indiana from October 30 , 1990 to December 18 , 1990 . The murders took place in a number of jurisdictions , and Peterson faced a number of trials in different venues . Peterson had initially confessed and then recanted . He was acquitted in two trials for three of the murders and found guilty of four murders in two subsequent trials . Initially sentenced to death for those murders , his death sentence was commuted in 2004 . Ronald J. Harris was also charged and found guilty in two of the murders . The incident is controversial for a number of reasons such as Peterson is African American , while the initial descriptions of the suspect of the murders was described as white ; Peterson had been illegally arrested for committing another crime which impacted the use of evidence in the `` Shotgun Killer '' spree trials because it was deemed improperly collected ; Peterson 's initial confession was recanted under claims of duress ; the trials with all-white juries came to different conclusions than juries which included people of other races ; and in the final case to go to trial , the judge over-ruled the jury 's decision not to impose the death penalty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83553c1d5a95fb0372fc1233789465b1", "text": "National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime The National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime ( NCAVC ) is a specialist FBI department . The NCAVC 's role is to coordinate investigative and operational support functions , criminological research , and training in order to provide assistance to federal , state , local , and foreign law enforcement agencies investigating unusual or repetitive violent crimes ( serial crimes ) . The NCAVC also provides investigative support through expertise and consultation in non-violent matters such as national security , corruption , and white-collar crime investigations . President Reagan gave it the primary mission of ` identifying and tracking repeat killers , ' a term he used for serial killers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10e92cfb01dd5ab21b05662492ec7682", "text": "The Combined (Group) The Combined or Big Seven Group , was a criminal organization headed by organized crime figures on the East Coast of the United States during Prohibition serving as the predecessor to the alleged National Crime Syndicate of the 1930s . The organization consisted of seven Jewish , Italian , and Irish American gangs on the east coast . Following the reform movements and police crackdown on street gangs and other criminals , the criminal underworld entered a `` slow period '' in the years during and after the First World War . While the older political bosses were able to get their former criminal associates work as bouncers and work in vice districts such as gambling dens and brothels , they began to disassociate themselves from their former criminal alliances . Following the announcement of the Volstead Act in 1919 , many in the underworld readily entered into bootlegging as gang wars broke out in major cities across the country . As the struggle to gain dominance over the industry continued into the early 1920s , with shootouts and bombings commonplace , a group emerged to resolve the constant warfare which was costing everyone money . Originally intended to serve as a centralized office for the purposes of ordering bootleg liquor to be equally distributed , the group would also reduce costs among bootleggers for supplies and , without worrying about rival bootleggers , enable independent bootleggers to focus on protecting their shipments from freelance hijackers . Although the concept of the organization differed between Arnold Rothstein and Johnny Torrio , both Charles `` Lucky '' Luciano and Meyer Lansky were major supporters by 1927 . Its original members included Enoch `` Nucky '' Johnson , Abner `` Longy '' Zwillman of New Jersey , Moe Dalitz of Cleveland , Waxey Gordon and Harry `` Nig '' Rosen of Philadelphia and Danny Walsh of Providence . Other members included the Bug and Meyer Mob as `` enforcers '' and the semi-retired Johnny Torrio who remained in an advisory capacity regarding organizational advice . As the violence of the bootleg wars died down in the mid-Atlantic area , others requested membership including Dutch Schultz of Manhattan , Charles `` King '' Solomon of Boston . Al Capone also expressed interest in joining the organization ; however his gang war with the North Side Gang prevented him from doing so . Despite the death of Rothstein that same year , and the subsequent pushing aside or deaths of several gang leaders , the remaining members of the Seven Group were successful in establishing its authority and served as the basis for the Atlantic City Conference in 1929 . Category : Organized crime groups", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b81196dc8b8edd0ef90a0e512e893bd9", "text": "Johnny Briscoe Johnny Briscoe is an American man falsely convicted of rape and other crimes and subsequently exonerated by DNA evidence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7501e5f3978cb36c482028477e8c47f9", "text": "Edward J. Adams Edward J. `` Eddie '' Adams ( 1887 -- November 22 , 1921 ) was a notorious American criminal and serial killer in the Midwest . He murdered seven people -- including three policemen -- during a period of around 14 months , and wounded at least a dozen others . At age 34 , Adams was surrounded and then killed by police in Wichita , Kansas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93f361152898ccf475a3e02085782fce", "text": "Organized crime in Minneapolis Organized crime in Minneapolis first attracted national attention in 1903 , when thug and mayor Doc Ames ( 1842-1911 ) was exposed by Lincoln Steffens in the book The Shame of the Cities . Steffens 's account and subsequent trials revealed a police department recruited from felons shaking down the Minneapolis underworld on the mayor 's behalf . Ames later fled the state , spending a short period as a fugitive before being arrested and extradited to Minnesota . He was convicted of receiving a bribe and sentenced to six years in prison . His sentence was later appealed and overturned . In 1919 , the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution transformed American crime , shaping small-time hoodlums into major organized crime figures . In Minneapolis , the underworld was dominated by local gangs of the Irish mob , flanked by Jewish gangsters and by corrupt cops and politicians from the Republican , Democratic and Farmer-Labor Parties . Romanian-Jewish immigrant Isadore Blumenfeld , alias Kid Cann ( 1900-1981 ) , was changed overnight from a nickel-and-dime pimp and bookmaker from Northside , Minneapolis , into a respected godfather with close ties to both the Chicago Outfit and the Genovese crime family . Assisted by his brothers Jacob and Harry , Kid Cann 's `` Minneapolis Combination '' dealt in bootleg booze , trucking distribution routes , illegal gambling and real estate deals throughout the American Sun Belt . He was the most notorious gangster in the city 's history . Rival crime families were run by David Berman , Thomas W. Banks and `` Big Ed '' Morgan . These gangsters tended to cooperate on business and avoid turf wars by appealing to the mediation of the National Mafia Commission . In the process , Minneapolis became a major center of bootlegged booze , gambling , brothels and unbridled corruption . Deuce Casper ( 1936-2003 ) was a Baldy Street Gang founder and boss . During Casper 's time in Minneapolis , more than 1,000 thugs roamed the streets from 1955 to 1975 , creating mayhem and fear among the citizens . Casper robbed banks , jewelry stores and armored cars , while his associates robbed commercial businesses and ran large drug-dealing operations . The most notable Baldy was Perry `` The Scholar '' Millik ( 1944 -- 2003 ) , who ran commercial burglary rings and drug-manufacturing houses . He was involved in widespread real estate frauds and was the front man for real estate purchases for the infamous Alexander Brothers ( porn and prostitution kings ) . Currently , the Capra/Patterson syndicate controls all nationally sanctioned crime activities in the Twin Cities . Gambling is their primary source of income , and they are working under the auspices of the Genoveses ( 2011 ) . On the corner of 26th Street and 26th Avenue in South Minneapolis exists a historical location , called Hub of Hell , and was home to numerous saloons , bars , nightclubs , and a bowling alley that drew rowdy crowds of steel-workers , factory workers from the old Minneapolis Moline factory , thugs , gangsters , and brawling drunks . These establishments included the stand-up drinking establishment of Pearsons , The Hexagon , Nibs , Duffy 's and the Stardust Bowling Alley . Here , corrupt cops mingled with their presumed rivals ( like Duffy 's bouncer , `` Mush '' ) . The neighborhood was infamous for its bloody brawls fought by colorful characters like Deuce Casper , Tommy `` The Bomber '' Ogdahl , and Perry `` The Scholar '' Millik , often for the entertainment of spectators to enjoy and keep the old General Hospital busy on weekends . Prior to 1900 another location known as Hell 's Half Acre was located between 2nd and 3rd Avenues South and 8th and 9th Streets South and had the same rowdy reputation . In the 1890 History of the Fire and Police Departments of Minneapolis , it was described as a `` place of utter darkness , wailing and woe . Bloody frays were of nightly occurrence and not infrequently such weapons as hatchets , knives and even revolvers entered into the conflict . The alleys were literally strewn with empty beer kegs and whisky bottles and the latter were often used as missiles of warfare . As a usual thing Sundays were given up entirely to drinking and fighting , and family feuds were as numerous and bitter as those of Kentucky , though not as murderous . '' ( Pg . 280 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cac3bdc3ab2910f6993a7d76352154fd", "text": "Raymond Lee Harvey Raymond Lee Harvey was an Ohio-born unemployed American drifter . He was arrested by the Secret Service after being found carrying a starter pistol with blank rounds , ten minutes before President Jimmy Carter was to give a speech at the Civic Center Mall in Los Angeles on May 5 , 1979 . Although he had a history of mental illness , police investigated his claims that he was part of a four-man operation to assassinate the president . He claimed that he had been approached by three Latino men staying at the Alan Hotel who gave him the starter pistol , and asked him to shoot it into the ground to create a diversion , so they could then shoot the president from their hotel room during the distraction . According to Harvey , he fired seven blank rounds from the starter pistol on the hotel roof on the night of May 4 , to test how much noise it would make . He then spent the night in a room taken by one of the men , whom he knew as `` Julio '' , but who was later identified as a 21-year-old illegal Mexican alien who gave the name Osvaldo Espinoza Ortiz . At the time of his arrest , Harvey had eight spent rounds in his pocket , as well as 70 unspent blank rounds for the gun . The names `` Lee Harvey '' and `` Osvaldo '' ( Osvaldo is the Spanish equivalent to `` Oswald '' ) drew comparisons to Lee Harvey Oswald , who assassinated President John F. Kennedy . This led conspiracy theorists to claim that the incident was set up to scare Carter into submission . Although originally dismissed as `` a tale spun by an intoxicated man , '' police investigating the claims found a room in the Alan Hotel rented under the name `` Umberto Camacho , '' the name of an alleged conspirator given by Ortiz , containing a shotgun case and three unspent rounds of ammunition . The occupant had checked out of the hotel room the day of the alleged assassination attempt . Harvey was jailed on a $ 50,000 bond , given his transient status , and Ortiz was alternately reported as being held on a $ 100,000 bond as a material witness or held on a $ 50,000 bond being charged with burglary from a car . Charges against the pair were ultimately dismissed for a lack of evidence . His age at the time of the event has been alternately given as 34 or 35 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db136cf192510e82ab861ccb7e339f21", "text": "The Mentally Ill The Mentally Ill were a punk band originating from Deerfield , Illinois in the late 1970s . Their legendary 1979 7 '' single Gacy 's Place named after notorious serial killer John Wayne Gacy , is considered by many to be one of the most unusual records of the early Chicago punk rock scene . They also released Sex Cells 7 '' and then dropped into obscurity . The Mentally Ill reappeared during the 1990s to record a full-length album with Steve Albini . In 2004 , Jello Biafra released the Gacy 's Place sessions in their entirety with a collection of old demo tapes on his well-known record label Alternative Tentacles . On November 24 , 2007 , 28 years after the release of Gacy 's Place 7 '' , The Mentally Ill played the You Were n't There afterparty at The Beat Kitchen Located at 2100 W. BELMONT AVE. CHICAGO , IL . It was the first time The Mentally Ill played live , and the reviews of their performance were almost all positive . The band opened the set with Tumor Boy and closed with an encore of Gacy 's Place . On May 23 , 2008 Mentally Ill performed at the three-day Totally Wired Festival Chicago -- this was their second performance . The Mentally Ill have played a few shows each year since their reunion gigs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db9b1b081c82d3ea8e980192a126f9ec", "text": "John Smith (murderer) John David Smith III ( born 1951 ) is an American murderer convicted of killing his first wife and also believed to have murdered his second . Skull fragments found in a locker owned by him belong to a third , unidentified , woman , and a photograph found in his possession of an unidentified woman is the basis of an ongoing `` Jane Doe '' inquiry . He is the subject of the television movie Murder on Pleasant Drive , an episode of Cold Case Files and the books Stranger in my Bed by Michael Fleeman and My Sister Is Missing : Bringing a Killer to Justice '' by Sherrie Gladden-Davis . The case was also featured on Medical Detectives , Forensic Files season 9 , episode 19 : Deadly Matrimony , and Who The Bleep Did I Marry season 2 , episode 5 : The Third Mrs. Smith . Smith married Janice Hartman ( b. 2 March 1951 ) on June 30 , 1970 when they were both 19 . The marriage was troubled ; Janice 's brother said that Smith was abusive from the first . Hartman left Smith in 1974 and returned to Ohio intending to divorce him . A few days later she disappeared . Soon after , Smith 's brother Michael observed him building a narrow box which he claimed was for Janice 's belongings . In 1979 their grandfather discovered the box and called Michael , who found inside it a dismembered corpse with rainbow hair which he believed to be Janice Hartman . He told John , who took the box away . Smith married his second wife Betty Fran Gladden Smith , in March 1990 . While confined to her home by an injury , she disappeared from West Windsor Township , New Jersey on October 4 , 1991 . Michael Smith kept his secret until 1999 , when told the FBI about the box . Inquiries with law enforcement officials in Ohio and Indiana produced the box and remains , which had been found in 1980 by highway workers in an Indiana field . Smith was arrested in October 2000 in Escondido , California , where he was living with his third wife . He was convicted in July 2001 of the murder of Janice Hartman and sentenced to 15 years to life in prison . His first parole date was in 2011 . He unsuccessfully appealed his conviction in 2002 . The family of Janice Hartman sought civil damages against Smith 's grandfather and brother for their alleged involvement in covering up Smith 's crime for over twenty years , but the claims were unsuccessful . Smith remains incarcerated at Marion Correctional Institution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aafc478a7fe2bbf7105a93ab613bf0c3", "text": "The Shootist The Shootist is a 1976 American western film directed by Don Siegel and starring John Wayne in his final film role . The film is based on a 1975 novel of the same name by Glendon Swarthout with a screenplay by Miles Hood Swarthout ( the son of the author ) and Scott Hale . The supporting cast includes Lauren Bacall , Ron Howard , James Stewart , Richard Boone , Hugh O'Brian , Harry Morgan , John Carradine , Sheree North , and Scatman Crothers . In 1977 , The Shootist received an Academy Award nomination for Best Art Direction ( Robert F. Boyle , Arthur Jeph Parker ) , a BAFTA Film Award nomination for Best Actress ( Lauren Bacall ) , and a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor ( Ron Howard ) , as well as the National Board of Review Award as one of the Top Ten Films of 1976 . The movie also received widespread critical acclaim , garnering a 95 % positive rating on Rotten Tomatoes .", "title": "" } ]	fever
25d1379d52b6ca70a9a3d406d2f7d452	It was announced that Black Panther would be developed by Marvel Studios in 1928.	[ { "docid": "43a213028ff9f6ca059fe08aa301f8e3", "text": "Black Panther (film) Black Panther is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name . Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , it is intended to be the eighteenth film installment of the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film is directed by Ryan Coogler from a screenplay by himself and Joe Robert Cole , and stars Chadwick Boseman as T'Challa / Black Panther , alongside Michael B. Jordan , Lupita Nyong ` o , Danai Gurira , Martin Freeman , Daniel Kaluuya , Angela Bassett , Forest Whitaker , and Andy Serkis . In Black Panther , T'Challa returns home as king of Wakanda but finds his sovereignty challenged by a long-time adversary in a conflict that has global consequences . Wesley Snipes first mentioned his intention to work on a Black Panther film in 1992 , with that project going through multiple iterations over the next decade but never coming to fruition . A Black Panther film was announced as one of the ten Marvel films that would be developed by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures in September 2005 , with Mark Bailey hired to write a script in January 2011 . Black Panther was officially announced in October 2014 , with Boseman appearing first in Captain America : Civil War . By the end of 2015 , Cole and Coogler had both joined the film , and additional cast members came on board beginning in May 2016 . Principal photography for the film took place from January to April 2017 , at EUE/Screen Gems Studios and Pinewood Atlanta Studios in the Atlanta metropolitan area , and Busan , South Korea . Black Panther is set to be released in the United States on February 16 , 2018 , in IMAX .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5e66c4cdd530c3f706f78e31fd8167c0", "text": "Doga Film Project Doga , a famous Indian Superhero appearing in Raj Comics is about to come on bollywood screens . Film director Anurag Kashyap has recently expressed his interest in making such a movie , that will be the first Indian comic book superhero series which will have a big screen adaptation . Kashyap , had previously stated that he wanted to make a film on Doga . Currently the project is in starting process but it has been stated that the ground work will be started very soon . His production company phantom Films and Sony International will take care of the project . Madhu Mantena of Phantom films has recently said that she is happy to back Anurag 's vision of Doga for the film . It has been said that Anurag and Madhu will be working closely with Sanjay Gupta and Manish Gupta of Raj Comics for this project . Internationally the success of Marvel movies such as Iron Man and The Avengers have made this one of the most lucrative genres of film making .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c80595148f409986484f4957ce297c4", "text": "Blackheart Blackheart is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is usually depicted as an adversary to the superhero Ghost Rider . Created by writer Ann Nocenti and artist John Romita , Jr. , Blackheart first appeared in Daredevil # 270 ( September 1989 ) . The character has also appeared in other media , such as the 2000 video game Marvel vs Capcom 2 , and in the 2007 film Ghost Rider , in which he was portrayed by actor Wes Bentley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df6c32d32acd25ab2418ed5836f07b7d", "text": "Scarlet Witch Scarlet Witch ( Wanda Maximoff ) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character first appeared in X-Men # 4 ( March 1964 ) and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby . The character has since starred in two self-titled limited series with husband the Vision , and has historically been depicted as a regular team member in superhero title The Avengers . Scarlet Witch has the superhuman ability to alter reality in unspecific ways . In most depictions , she is a mutant , a human born with natural superhuman powers . Originally revealed to be the daughter of the Golden Age superhero Whizzer , it was later established she and her twin brother Quicksilver were the children of X-Men villain Magneto , and the half-siblings of his daughter Polaris . This parentage was their status quo until 2014 , when a further retcon revealed that she and Quicksilver were in fact non-mutants who had been kidnapped and experimented on by the High Evolutionary , and then misled to believe that Magneto was their father . The character was ranked 97th in Wizard 's `` 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time '' list , 12th in IGN 's list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' , and 14th in Comics Buyer 's Guide 's `` 100 Sexiest Women in Comics '' list . The character has appeared in other Marvel-endorsed products such as animated films ; arcade and video games ; television series and merchandise such as action figures and trading cards . Elizabeth Olsen portrays Scarlet Witch in the Marvel Cinematic Universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9aea12ef24682f2fe795e3a1ba0caf0b", "text": "Hellfire Club (comics) The Hellfire Club is a fictional society appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The Hellfire Club often comes into confrontation with the mutant superhero team , the X-Men . Although the Club appears to merely be an international social club for wealthy elites , its clandestine Inner Circle seeks to influence world events , in accordance with their own agenda . Created by the Uncanny X-Men writer/artist duo of Chris Claremont and John Byrne , they were heavily influenced by a 1966 episode of the British television series The Avengers ( `` A Touch of Brimstone '' ) . The name `` Hellfire Club '' in fact has a historical precedent , having been a popular name for gentlemen 's clubs in the 18th century . Additionally , the hierarchy of the Inner Circle is modeled on the pieces of a chess set , with Black and White sets of Kings , Queens , Bishops and Rooks . The Hellfire Club and its Inner Circle were introduced in `` The Dark Phoenix Saga '' , attempting to subvert the X-Men 's Jean Grey . This incarnation , composed most notably of Black King Sebastian Shaw and White Queen Emma Frost , would remain prominent for many years . After their initial confrontations , the Hellfire Club and the X-Men settled into an uneasy alliance . This eventually changed as endless power struggles perpetuated a series of upheavals within the Inner Circle . The club has appeared in two X-Men animated series ( X-Men : The Animated Series and Wolverine and the X-Men ) , both times being renamed as simply The Inner Circle , due to the hesitations to use the word Hellfire in animated children series . Members of the Hellfire Club appeared in 2011 's X-Men : First Class as the main villains , led by Sebastian Shaw and Emma Frost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3993cc87baf92140281e19d5c6af99fa", "text": "Shadowland (comics) `` Shadowland '' is a 2010 Marvel Comics storyline centering on Daredevil and other `` street-level '' superheroes in the Marvel Universe . The storyline started in the Daredevil comic and was expanded upon in the Shadowland five-issue mini series as well as four tie-in mini series , four one-shots , and two issues of Thunderbolts . The storyline was collected into seven individual hard cover and soft cover Trade paperbacks in 2011 . The story chronicles Daredevils ' return to Hell 's Kitchen after he becomes the leader of the Hand Ninja clan . He builds a temple/prison in Hell 's Kitchen , the eponymous Shadowland . His methods get more extreme as he kills long-time adversary Bullseye . The change in attitude brings him and his ally White Tiger in conflict with a number of street level super-heroes such as Spider-Man , Luke Cage , Iron Fist , Moon Knight and more . The storyline also introduces a new Power Man to the Marvel Universe . The heroes later realize that Daredevil has become possessed by the Beast of the Hand , which explains why Daredevil 's actions have become more and more extreme and erratic . The heroes are helped out by the Kingpin and Lady Bullseye as they try to preserve the Kingpin 's criminal empire . In the final moments of the story Iron Fist uses his mystical chi to heal Daredevil , releasing the demon inside him . In an act of sacrifice Daredevil kills himself before the Beast can take control of him again , breaking the spell the Beast had on Hell 's Kitchen . Afterwards his corpse disappears , apparently to be revived by Elektra at the conclusion of the event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8eadd3fdcd7de949e3f0a5e730cd2634", "text": "Black (2008 film) Black is a 2008 French blaxploitation film directed by Pierre Laffargue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbdf564ca2264907ce793fef0385720d", "text": "The New Avengers (comics) The New Avengers is a fictional team of superheroes appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The title has been used for four American comic book series . The first two were written by Brian Michael Bendis and depicted a version of Marvel 's premiere superhero team , the Avengers . The third was written by Jonathan Hickman and depicted a group of characters called the Illuminati ( formerly introduced in New Avengers Vol . 1 # 7 -LSB- July 2005 -RSB- ) . The fourth is written by Al Ewing and depicts the former scientific terrorist group A.I.M. , reformed as `` Avengers Idea Mechanics '' , whose field team has appropriated the name `` New Avengers '' for itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a69a9db544dfebd1ceab0575d8154cf", "text": "Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to . Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified . The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5f424d483b74477def5cf36dc8b79fb", "text": "Chamber of Darkness Chamber of Darkness is a horror/fantasy anthology comic book published by American company Marvel Comics : under this and a subsequent name , it ran from 1969 to 1974 . It featured work by creators such as writer-editor Stan Lee , writers Gerry Conway and Archie Goodwin , and artists John Buscema , Johnny Craig , Jack Kirby , Tom Sutton , Barry Windsor-Smith ( as Barry Smith ) , and Bernie Wrightson . Stories were generally hosted by either of the characters Digger , a gravedigger , or Headstone P. Gravely , in undertaker garb , or by one of the artists or writers . After the eighth issue , the title changed to Monsters on the Prowl , and the comic became almost exclusively a reprint book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b78bfc5ff158a15a2295c620c6fffd3d", "text": "Black Power movement The Black Power movement was a political movement to achieve a form of Black Power and the many philosophies it contains . The movement saw various forms of activism some violent and some peaceful , all hoping to achieve black empowerment . The Black Power movement also represented socialist movements , all with the general motivation of improving the standing of black people in society . Originated during the Civil Rights Movement , some doubted the philosophy of the movement begging for more radical action , taking influences from Malcolm X . The cornerstone of the movement was the Black Panther Party , a Black Power organization dedicated to socialism and the use of violence to achieve it . The Black Power movement developed in the criticisms of the Civil Rights Movement in the early 1960s , and over time and into the 1970s , the movement grew and became more violent . After years of violence , many left the movement and the police began arresting violent actors in the movement . The Black Power movement also spilled out into the Caribbean creating the Black Power Revolution . Motivated by principles of community control , Black Power activists founded scores of institutions and services , including black-owned bookstores , food cooperatives , farms , media , printing presses , schools , clinics , and ambulance services .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12176501e00c5b01d6d384aeaf4f6d53", "text": "Hulk 2099 Hulk 2099 ( John Eisenhart ) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character was created by Gerard Jones and Dwayne Turner and first appeared in 2099 Unlimited # 1 . As with many other Marvel 2099 characters , Hulk 2099 was a futuristic re-imagining of the original Hulk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "788f00e7c18db1dd23ed82c4f7ad92bb", "text": "W'Kabi W'Kabi is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . W'Kabi will appear in the upcoming film Black Panther , portrayed by Daniel Kaluuya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "680d441ebade62360987097cae078e8a", "text": "Daredevil (Marvel Comics series) Daredevil is the name of several comic book titles featuring the character Daredevil and published by Marvel Comics , beginning with the original Daredevil comic book series which debuted in 1964 . While Daredevil had been home to the work of comic-book artists such as Everett , Kirby , Wally Wood , John Romita Sr. , and Gene Colan , among others , Frank Miller 's influential tenure on the title in the early 1980s cemented the character as a popular and influential part of the Marvel Universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a9f2b491c92f4f072177cb5b0ea79c4", "text": "Captain Marvel (Mar-Vell) Captain Marvel ( Mar-Vell ) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character was created by writer-editor Stan Lee and designed by artist Gene Colan and first appeared in Marvel Super-Heroes # 12 ( December 1967 ) . The character debuted during the Silver Age of comic books and has made many appearances since then , including a self-titled series and the second volume of the Marvel Spotlight series . Captain Marvel was ranked 24th in IGN 's list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' and has appeared in television series and video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b8c8085016bfdb091f17fe3b98fcf31", "text": "Batwing (DC Comics) Batwing is a fictional comic book superhero appearing in publications by DC Comics . Within DC Comics internal continuity , Batwing is one of several superheroes patterned after the famous superhero Batman . Batwing , in particular , was conceived by Batman as his crime-fighting counterpart overseas , ` the Batman of Africa ' . The first Batwing is David Zavimbe , a Congolese police officer , created by writer Grant Morrison within the pages of Batman Incorporated prior to receiving his own eponymous series . Following later events within Batman Incorporated and Batwing , Zavimbe is replaced in the role by Luke Fox , an American mixed martial artist who had been Batman 's first choice in the role , who is also the son of Batman 's close associate Lucius Fox . Batwing faces a roster of adversaries ranging from international super villains to the Democratic Republic of Congo 's corrupt police force . Batwing expands the DC Universe by taking place in Africa , making David Zavimbe both the first ( in continuity ) black Batman and one of the few characters headlining a series outside the United States . Fox is also black , and becomes the first in-continuity African American Batman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21f0e53ec86fcc056c30f9aa64bc18f7", "text": "Gamer's Handbook of the Marvel Universe The Gamer 's Handbook of the Marvel Universe is a series of role-playing game supplements published by TSR beginning in 1988 for the Marvel Super Heroes role-playing game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4f3cc032752e9ae9656ffd866c00dcd", "text": "The Air Circus The Air Circus is a 1928 American feature film directed by Howard Hawks and the first of his aviation films . The film is notable as the first aviation oriented film with dialogue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c75f70c32ea54b77cbe77e2ae3ad18a", "text": "Captain Marvel (Marvel Comics) Captain Marvel is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Most of these versions exist in Marvel 's main shared universe , known as the Marvel Universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf57834850189de2c828b745c092abbf", "text": "Features of the Marvel Universe The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters , such as unique places and artifacts . There follows a list of those features .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a91ce38e1f68c22bdb60fca27a02b82d", "text": "BAD Girls, Inc. B.A.D. Girls , Inc. is a fictional group of female adventurers who all have had criminal records . The group first appeared in Captain America vol . 1 # 385 . Three of the group 's four members ( Asp , Black Mamba and Diamondback ) were previously members of the Serpent Society . They were teamed with Captain America on several occasions before disappearing for several years , during which time Black Mamba and Diamondback made solo appearances elsewhere .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b62845ccd15b294e0896d82d4420f0c2	Joseph Stalin's birth took place before 1917.	[ { "docid": "6bf11545b77f4432788b398b5b368405", "text": "Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin ( -LSB- ˈstɑːlɪn -RSB- 18 December 1878 -- 5 March 1953 ) was a Soviet revolutionary , politician and political theorist . He governed the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953 . In this capacity , he served as the Premier of the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1953 and as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952 . Ideologically a Marxist and a Leninist , he helped to formalise these ideas as Marxism-Leninism while his own policies and theories became known as Stalinism . Stalin was born to a poor Georgian family in Gori , Russian Empire . After an education at Tiflis Spiritual Seminary , he joined the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party . Affiliated with Vladimir Lenin 's Bolshevik faction , he raised funds via underground activities such as the 1907 Tiflis bank robbery . After the Bolsheviks seized power in 1917 and established a one-party state , Stalin sat on the Politburo during the Russian Civil War . In 1922 Stalin became General Secretary and established the Soviet Union . Despite Lenin 's objection , power consolidated around Stalin and opposition removed following Lenin 's death in 1924 . During Stalin 's tenure the concept of `` Socialism in One Country '' became a central tenet of Soviet society , and a cult of personality developed around Stalin . Lenin 's New Economic Policy was replaced with a centralised command economy , industrialisation and collectivisation . These rapidly transformed the country from an agrarian society into an industrial power , but disrupted food production and contributed to the famine of 1933 -- 34 . Between 1934 and 1939 , Stalin organised the `` Great Purge '' , in which millions of so-called `` enemies of the working class '' , including senior political and military figures , were interned in Gulag-run prisons , exiled or executed , often without due process . In August 1939 Stalin entered a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany , resulting in their invasion of Poland in September of that year . Germany ended the pact by invading the Soviet Union in 1941 . Despite initial setbacks , the Soviet Red Army halted the German incursion and captured Berlin in May 1945 , ending World War II in Europe . The Soviet Union annexed the Baltic states and backed the establishment of pro-Soviet Marxist governments both throughout Eastern Europe and in China , North Korea , and North Vietnam . The Soviet Union and United States emerged as the two world superpowers , and a period of tensions began between the Soviet-backed Eastern Bloc and U.S.-backed Western Bloc known as the Cold War . Stalin led the Soviet Union through its post-war reconstruction phase , during which it became the second country to develop a nuclear weapon , as well as launching the Great Plan for the Transformation of Nature in response to another major famine and the Great Construction Projects of Communism . Stalin died in 1953 and was succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev , who denounced Stalin and initiated a de-Stalinisation process . Stalin is widely considered one of the most significant and influential figures of the 20th century . Stalinism influenced various Marxist-Leninist groups and governments across the world , for whom Stalin was a champion of socialism and the working class . After the fall of the Soviet Union , Stalin has been praised by supporters for his role in defeating Nazi Germany and establishing the Soviet Union as a major world power . Critics emphasise his role in causing millions of deaths and numerous political , religious and ethnic repressions .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6dd7f0dcc69a351037512eed921374c9", "text": "Iona Nikitchenko Major-General Iona Timofeevich Nikitchenko ( Russian : Иона Тимофеевич Никитченко ) ( June 28 , 1895 , Don Voisko Oblast , Russian Empire -- April 22 , 1967 , Moscow , Russian SFSR ) was a judge of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union . Iona was born to a peasant family in khutor Tuzlukov ( now Rostov Oblast ) . He studied at his local Agricultural Institute and from 1916 was a Bolshevik . His court experience started in May 1920 when he was appointed as the chairman-deputy of the Military Court of Semirechye Army Group during the Civil War . During the Civil War he participated on the frontlines in the Middle Asia . In 1924 was appointed as the member of the Military Court Collegiate of the Moscow Military District . Nikitchenko presided over some of the most notorious of Joseph Stalin 's show trials during the Great Purges of 1936 to 1938 , where he among other things sentenced Kamenev and Zinoviev .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e770f6b622b167bd905e70f1f7e227c", "text": "Alexander Sirotkin Alexader Sirotkin ( August 6 , 1890 -- January 17 , 1965 ) was a Soviet lieutenant general and division commander . He fought for the Imperial Russian Army in World War I . He received the Cross of St. George , the Order of St. Vladimir , the Order of St. Anna and the Order of Saint Stanislaus ( Russian ) . After the October Revolution in November 1917 , he went over to the Bolsheviks and fought for them in the subsequent civil war . He was awarded the Order of Lenin , the Order of the Red Banner , the Order of the Red Star and for his participation in the Great Patriotic War , the Order of Suvorov . Category :1890 births Category :1965 deaths Category : Russian military personnel of World War I Category : People of the Russian Civil War Category : Soviet military personnel of World War II Category : Soviet lieutenant generals Category : Recipients of the Cross of St. George Category : Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir , 4th class Category : Recipients of the Order of St. Anna , 2nd class Category : Recipients of the Order of St. Anna , 3rd class Category : Recipients of the Order of St. Anna , 4th class Category : Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus ( Russian ) , 2nd class Category : Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus ( Russian ) , 3rd class Category : Recipients of the Order of Lenin Category : Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner Category : Recipients of the Order of Suvorov , 2nd class Category : Recipients of the Order of the Red Star", "title": "" }, { "docid": "589c4e41da5424036f793e6164af9248", "text": "Nadezhda Joffe Nadezhda Adolfovna Joffe ( 1906 -- March 18 , 1999 ) was a Soviet Trotskyist and daughter of early Soviet leader Adolph Joffe . Joffe joined the Trotskyist Left Opposition within the Soviet Communist Party shortly after it was formed in 1923 and was first exiled from Moscow in 1929 . She was re-arrested at the beginning of the Great Purge in 1936 and sent to Kolyma labor camps in Siberia , where her first husband , Trotskyist Pavel Kossakovsky , was killed in 1938 . She was the last person to see Leon Trotsky 's first wife , Aleksandra Sokolovskaya , alive in Kolyma in 1938 . After Joseph Stalin 's death in 1953 , Joffe 's sentence was annulled and she returned to Moscow in 1956 . She wrote a book of memoirs , Back in Time : My Life , My Fate , My Epoch in 1971-1972 , which was first published in Moscow after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1992 . Her family emigrated to the United States at the end of her life and she settled in Brooklyn , New York City . She worked on her father 's biography and his letters until her death in 1999 at the age of 92 , collaborating with Iskra Research publishing house .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8db23f54058528e2462b404e11f586f8", "text": "Sergey Lapin (diplomat) Sergey Georgiyevich Lapin ( -- 4 October 1990 ) was a Soviet apparatchik , newspaper editor and diplomat . Lapin was born in Saint Petersburg . From 1930 to 1932 he studied at the Leningrad Historical Language Institute , and after graduating he went on to work in various positions , including deputy editor , of various Leningrad newspapers until 1940 . From 1940 to 1942 he was a student at the Higher Party School of the All-Union Communist Party ( bolsheviks ) . From 1945 to 1953 he was Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Broadcasting , when in 1953 he began a career in diplomacy as Counsellor at the Embassy of the Soviet Union in East Germany . In 1955 he returned to Moscow to work in the European Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , whilst also holding the position of Secretary of the CPSU at the MFA . From 19 October 1956 until 16 June 1960 he was located in Vienna , as Ambassador of the Soviet Union to Austria , and then relocated back to Moscow as 1st Deputy Chairman of the USSR State Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries , whilst also holding the position of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic . In 1962 he was promoted as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR , and held this position until 6 April 1965 . From 13 April 1965 until 12 April 1967 he was Ambassador of the Soviet Union to the People 's Republic of China . After the completion of his mission to Beijing , he returned once again to Moscow as Director-General of TASS , and held that position until 24 April 1970 . For a short period of time , until 12 July 1970 he was Chairman of the Committee for Broadcasting , when he was appointed as Chairman of the State Committee for Television and Radiobroadcasting , and held this position until his retirement on 16 December 1985 . Lapin 's time is known as a period of strikingly manifested antisemitism at the Central Television and Radio of the USSR . Many popular Soviet artists of Jewish descent , such as Nina Brodskaya , Emil Gorovets , Maya Kristalinskaya , Larisa Mondrus , Vadim Mulerman , and Aida Vedishcheva , met numerous obstacles in their careers . They were gradually banned from TV , their names were not making into movies ' credits , they faced cancellation of concerts and prohibition of concert tours abroad , and tapes with their recordings on the radio were erased . Lapin died in 1990 in Moscow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ffe87088751a5e8d6ceb87e338dc644", "text": "Nikolai Demchenko Nikolai Demchenko ( May 21 , 1896 -- October 30 , 1937 ) was a Ukrainian communist Soviet politician . He was born in Kharkov Governorate . He received the Order of Lenin on December 20 , 1935 . During the Great Purge , he was arrested on July 22 , 1937 , sentenced to death by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on October 29 , 1937 and executed by firing squad the next day . After the death of Joseph Stalin , he was rehabilitated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "496923c5b840a9d07299d49115049f70", "text": "Liubashivka Liubashivka is an urban-type settlement in Odessa Oblast ( region ) , Ukraine , located of south-western Ukraine . It serves as the administrative center of Liubashivka Raion ( district ) . Population : Town was founded in the 18th century . Liubashivka is primarily Ukrainophone . Liubashivka is an important transport center and located approximately 160 kilometers from the region capital , Odessa . The town lies on a route Highway05/European route 95 : Saint Petersburg -- Kiev -- Odessa -- Merzifon . Through the territory of the Liubashivka pass the railroad routes . A railway from Odessa to Elisavetgrad ( Kropyvnytskyi ) and a railway station were built here in 1868 . Many armies passed through town in the period from 1917 to 1920 , when Ukraine gained its independence from Russia for a short period of time . They represented different powers : Russian Bolsheviks , Ukrainian Central Council ( Tsentralna Rada ) , Mahno movement and the White movement . With the end of the war , the Communist Party assumed complete control of the country . The Bolsheviks leader Joseph Stalin launched a command economy , rapid industrialization and collectivization of its agriculture . The Stalin 's Ukrainian famine ( 1932 -- 1933 ) , or Holodomor was one of the largest national catastrophes in the modern history of Liubashivka . Until World War II the town had a Jewish community . In 1940 Jewish population was 2500 . In 1990 Jewish population was only 5 persons . During World War II Liubashivka was occupied by Romanian and German forces ( 1941 -- 1944 ) . In 1991 , after the collapse of Communism , the city became part of newly independent Ukraine . There are two schools , one hospital , a railway station , and a hotel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cda6e0ffc4ba1d585c36654fe3eb48de", "text": "Avel Enukidze Avel Safronovich Enukidze ( Georgian : აბელ ენუქიძე , Abel Enukiʒe , -LSB- ˈɑbɛl.ˈɛnukʰid͜zɛ -RSB- ; Russian : А́вель Сафронович Енуки́дзе ; -- October 30 , 1937 ) was a prominent `` Old Bolshevik '' and , at one point , a member of the Soviet Central Committee in Moscow . In 1932 , along with Mikhail Kalinin and Vyacheslav Molotov , Enukidze co-signed the infamous `` Law of Spikelets '' . Enukidze had written a book on the history of a famous Bolshevik printing press in the Caucasus which had distributed , throughout Russia , Vladimir Lenin 's revolutionary theses during the Czarist period . Soon he was accused of having deliberately diminished Joseph Stalin 's contributions to the printing press and the Bolshevik movement in Baku . In fact , Stalin had little to do with these things ; it was Enukidze himself who had played the major role . But revolutionary contributions were important to a Bolshevik 's prestige , and Stalin did not like Enukidze outshining him . In July 1935 , after suggesting to Stalin that he give up power , Enukidze was called to account before a Central Committee Plenum in Moscow , expelled from the Party immediately , and two years later , arrested , tried , and shot . Enukidze was rehabilitated as a victim of Stalin 's purges . NB . His family name in Russian is transliterated incorrectly as Ienukidze ( should be Enukidze ) , and his given name as Avel ( should be Abel ) in Alan Bullock 's Hitler and Stalin : Parallel Lives ( 1993 ) . Bullock also transliterates Enukidze as Yenukidze ( since it is pronounced Ienukidze in Russian ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3139c642f46ce46a646b25c42e735ff", "text": "Johannes Raudmets Johannes Raudmets ( also known as Ivan Ivanovich Raudmets ) ( January 1 , 1892 -- September 9 , 1937 ) was an Estonian Soviet Komdiv ( division commander ) . He fought in the Imperial Russian Army in World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks in the subsequent civil war . He was a recipient of the Order of the Red Banner . During the Great Purge , he was arrested on June 11 , 1937 and later executed . Some sources give the date of his execution as August 25 , 1937 . After the death of Joseph Stalin , he was rehabilitated in 1966 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcec2f1a774bd4aeee6ea6ca255c7d30", "text": "Anton Luckievich Anton Ivanavich Lutskyevich ( Антон Іванавіч Луцкевіч , ; 1884 -- 1942 ? ) was a Belarusian publisher , journalist , literary critic , historian and politician . He served as the Prime Minister of Belarus in 1918 . He was born on 29 January 1884 in Šiauliai , Lithuania to a Belarusian family . His brother Ivan Lutskyevich was also a politician . He began working in journalism , such as history , publishing and critics . He was raised as a Roman Catholic . After the Belarusian People 's Republic was proclaimed on 25 March 1918 , Lutskyevich was appointed prime minister . His predecessor was Raman Skirmunt and he was replaced by Vaclau Lastouski . The Belarusian People 's Republic was short-lived . In 1920 , Lutskyevich settled in Vilnius , then in Poland , where he worked as a secondary school teacher and newspaper publisher . He remained active politically until 1933 . He was arrested by the Soviet authorities in September 1939 , and officially died in Kazakhstan in 1946 . He is however said to have died near Saratov on 23 March 1942 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02524272d531fe5ef0969c72b7ad403c", "text": "Miron Merzhanov Miron Ivanovich Merzhanov , born Meran Merzhanyantz ( Мирон Иванович Мержанов , Меран Оганесович Мержанянц , September 23 , 1895 -- December 1975 ) , was a Soviet architect of Armenian descent , notable for being the de facto personal architect of Joseph Stalin in 1933 -- 1941 . Arrested in 1942 on political charges , Merzhanov continued professional work as a sharashka architect , designing numerous public buildings in the Black Sea region , Krasnoyarsk and Komsomolsk-na-Amure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6248dbe2967bfa1db6097512835cb7da", "text": "Ruth Bonner Ruf Grigorjewna Bonner ( 1900 -- 25 December 1987 , Moscow ) , also known as Ruth Bonner , was a Soviet Communist activist and a victim of Joseph Stalin 's Great Purge . She was the mother of the human rights activist Yelena Bonner and the mother-in-law of physicist and dissident Andrei Sakharov . In the 1930s , Ruth ( originally spelled `` Ruf '' ) Bonner was a health official in the Communist Party committee of Moscow while her husband , Gevork Alikhanyan , aka Georgy Alikhanov , was a director at the Comintern . As part of Stalin 's mass purges in 1937 , her husband was arrested on charges of espionage and sentenced to death . Bonner was arrested a few days after her husband and spent the next eight years in the Gulag near Karaganda , Kazakhstan . After her release she spent another nine years in internal exile . In 1954 she was one of the first of Stalin 's victims to be rehabilitated under the new Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev . Her husband was rehabilitated posthumously . When her daughter Yelena and her son-in-law Andrei Sakharov were exiled to Gorky in 1980 , she was allowed to move to the United States to be with her grandchildren . She returned to Moscow in June 1987 to live with her daughter , whose exile had been lifted by Mikhail Gorbachev in December 1986 . She died in Moscow on 25 December 1987 , aged 87 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "340b02fefa26a839001cfe848d4db4bb", "text": "The Red Decade The Red Decade is a term coined by journalist and historian Eugene Lyons to describe a period in American history in the 1930s characterized by a widespread infatuation with communism in general and Stalinism in particular . Lyons believed this idolization of Joseph Stalin and exultation of Bolshevik achievements to have reached its high point in 1938 , running deepest amongst liberals , intellectuals , and journalists and even some government and federal officials . Lyons argues that American intellectuals gave the then-Stalinist Soviet Union ( and by extension , Stalinism ) a certain international goodwill and respectability that it did not deserve .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc587bd133330479e1b91e0e1c604d5b", "text": "Mosfilmovskaya Street Mosfilmovskaya Street ( Мосфи́льмовская у́лица , romanised : Mosfílmovskaya úlitsa ) , formerly also Potylikha Street , is a street in Ramenki District , West Administrative District , Moscow , where the Mosfilm Studios and many foreign embassies are located . The name Mosfilmovskaya was officially adopted in 1939 . Being outside the Garden Ring , which encircles central Moscow , the street runs south-west across a residential area between the Moskva River and its tributary Setun River . Moscow 's Sparrow Hills ( known as Lenin Hills during the Soviet era ) are quite close here . Around the 17th century the area was known as the estate of Troitskoye-Golenishchevo ( another name being Golenishchevo-Kutuzovo ) , a country seat of the Kutuzov family , whose prominent descendant , Russian Field Marshal Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov ( 1745-1813 ) fought Napoleon I of France during Patriotic War of 1812 . A major landmark surviving from that time is the Trinity Church ( 1644 -- 45 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a80944a6876882f61e771f61521b1c6f", "text": "Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union Throughout the history of the Soviet Union ( 1922 -- 1991 ) , there were periods where Soviet authorities suppressed and persecuted various forms of Christianity to different extents depending on State interests . Soviet Marxist-Leninism policy consistently advocated the control , suppression , and ultimately , the elimination of religious beliefs , and actively encouraged atheism in the Soviet Union . Most religions were never outlawed . The state advocated the destruction of religion , and it officially pronounced religious beliefs to be superstitious and backward . The Communist Party destroyed churches , mosques and temples , ridiculed , harassed , incarcerated and executed religious leaders , flooded the schools and media with anti-religious teachings , and it introduced a belief system called `` scientific atheism , '' with its own rituals , promises and proselytizers . In 1925 the government founded the League of Militant Atheists to intensify the persecution . The total number of Christian victims under the Soviet regime has been estimated to range between 12-20 million . Religious beliefs and practices persisted among the majority of the population , in the domestic and private spheres but also in the scattered public spaces allowed by a state that recognized its failure to eradicate religion and the political dangers of an unrelenting culture war .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9a673fcd10c958a2e2a6781729f97c7", "text": "Great Purge The Great Purge or the Great Terror was a campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union which occurred from 1936 to 1938 . It involved a large-scale purge of the Communist Party and government officials , repression of peasants and the Red Army leadership , and widespread police surveillance , suspicion of `` saboteurs '' , `` counter-revolutionaries '' , imprisonment , and arbitrary executions . In Russian historiography , the period of the most intense purge , 1937 -- 1938 , is called Yezhovshchina ( Ежовщина literally , `` Yezhov phenomenon '' , According to the dictionary , the suffix - shchina in this case produces a word which refers to some kind of phenomenon associated with the word to which the suffix is attached . Quote : `` 1 . Словообразовательная единица , образующая имена существительные женского рода , которые обозначают бытовое или общественное явление , идейное или политическое течение , характеризующееся признаком , названным < ... > '' Juraj Sipko ( Sipko J. Etnopsyholingvisticke predpoklady slovensko-ruskych a rusko-slovenskych porovnavani , Presov , 2003 ) comparing Russian and Slovak languages , points out that in Russian the suffix - shchina ( in meaning 1 given by Efremova ) most commonly bears openly negative or derisive connotations . commonly translated as `` times of Yezhov '' or `` doings of Yezhov '' ) , after Nikolai Yezhov , the head of the Soviet secret police , NKVD . Mobile gas vans were invented to kill people . It has been estimated between 600,000 and 3 million people died at the hands of the Soviet government during the Purge . In the Western world , Robert Conquest 's 1968 book The Great Terror popularized that phrase . Conquest 's title was in turn an allusion to the period called the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution ( French : la Terreur , and , from June to July 1794 , la Grande Terreur , the Great Terror ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c29df69911c0ef54eee131420e0717cd", "text": "Stalin Line The Stalin Line was a line of fortifications along the western border of the Soviet Union . Work began on the system in the 1920s to protect the USSR against attacks from the West . The line was made up of concrete bunkers and gun emplacements , somewhat similar to , but less elaborate than the Maginot Line . It was not a continuous line of defense along the entire border , but rather a network of fortified districts , meant to channel potential invaders along certain corridors . In the aftermath of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact , with the westward expansion of the USSR in 1939 and 1940 into Poland , the Baltic , and Bessarabia , the decision was made to abandon the line in favour of constructing the Molotov Line further west , along the new border of the USSR . A number of Soviet generals felt that it would be better to keep both lines and to have a defence in depth , but this conflicted with the pre-World War II Soviet military doctrine . Thus , the guns were removed , but were mostly in storage as the new line began construction . The 1941 Axis invasion caught the Soviets with the new line unfinished and the Stalin Line largely abandoned and in disrepair . Neither was thus of much use in stopping the onslaught , though parts of the Stalin Line were manned in time and contributed to the defense of the USSR . Following World War II , the line was not maintained , in part due to its wide dispersal across the USSR . Unlike Western Europe , where similar fortifications were demolished for development and safety reasons , much of the line survived beyond the breakup of the USSR in 1991 due to being ignored . Today , the remains of the Stalin Line fortifications are located in Belarus , Russia , and Ukraine ( plus possibly the eastern parts of Moldova ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed30a6f20cd19226ecee9f6bfe82c4c0", "text": "Terentii Shtykov Terentii Fomich Shtykov ( Russian : Терентий Штыков ; Korean : 테렌티 스티코프 ; -- 25 October 1964 ) was effectively the first supreme leader of North Korea , as the de facto head of its 1945-1951 military occupation and the first Soviet Ambassador to North Korea from 1948 until 1950 . Shtykov 's support for Kim Il-sung was crucial in Kim 's rise to power , and the two persuaded Stalin to allow the Korean War to begin in June 1950 . A protégé of the influential politician Andrei Zhdanov , General Shtykov served as a political commissar during World War II , ending up on the Military Council of the Primorskiy Military District . Through direct access to Joseph Stalin , Shtykov became the `` real supreme ruler of North Korea , the principal supervisor of both the Soviet military and the local authorities . '' Shtykov conceived of the Soviet Civil Administration , supported Kim 's appointment as head of the North Korean provisional government , and assisted Stalin with editing the first North Korean constitution . As the preeminent representative of the Soviet Union 's political authority over the nascent North Korea from October 1945 until December 1950 , Shtykov 's legacy was to aid the Kim family 's rise to power . The war they started freed Kim from Soviet domination ; China intervened following North Korea 's poor military performance in the early autumn . Shtykov was fired as ambassador in December and demoted to major general the following month . He later served as the Soviet ambassador to Hungary from 1959 to 1960 . Andrei Lankov asserts that Shtykov made more impact on Korean history than any foreigner other than Japanese colonial politicians , and that he was `` the actual architect of the North Korean state as it emerged in 1945-50 . '' Several of Shtykov 's policies , most notably North Korean land reform , are today credited to Kim Il-sung by official North Korean media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd75ab8cd3145153b77801a2a998d385", "text": "All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets The All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets was the supreme governing body of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1917 -- 22 . From 1922 to 1938 the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR designated after the 1918 Russian Constitution mandated that Congress to be convened at least twice a year . The 1926 Constitution ( in correspondence to all Soviet constitutions ) lowered the minimum to once a year . In total there were 14 Congresses of Soviets that for the most of the time took place in Kharkiv . Importance in conducting the congress of Soviets advised the People 's Commissar in Affairs of Nationalities of the Russian Sovnarkom Joseph Stalin in his recommendations to a representative of Central Committee of Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party Mykola Porsh and a member of the Kiev regional committee of RSDLP ( b ) Sergei Bakinsky on November 30 , 1917 . The congress was intended to replace the Central Council of Ukraine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8f4ffebc7194a89eca03319b50b852", "text": "1910s The 1910s ( pronounced `` nineteen-tens '' , also abbreviated as the `` teens '' ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1910 , and ended on December 31 , 1919 . The 1910s represented the culmination of European militarism which had its beginnings during the second half of the 19th century . The conservative lifestyles during the first half of the decade , as well as the legacy of military alliances , was forever changed by the assassination , on June 28 , 1914 , of Archduke Franz Ferdinand , the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne . The murder triggered a chain of events in which , within 33 days , World War I broke out in Europe on August 1 , 1914 . The conflict dragged on until a truce was declared on November 11 , 1918 , leading to the controversial , one-sided Treaty of Versailles , which was signed on June 28 , 1919 . The war 's end triggered the abdication of various monarchies and the collapse of five of the last modern empires of Russia , Germany , China , Ottoman Turkey and Austria-Hungary , with the latter splintered into Austria , Hungary , southern Poland ( who acquired most of their land in a war with Soviet Russia ) , Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia , as well as the unification of Romania with Transylvania and Moldavia . However , each of these states ( with the possible exception of Yugoslavia ) had large German and Hungarian minorities , there creating some unexpected problems that would be brought to light in the next two decades . ( See Dissolution of Austro-Hungarian Empire : Successor States for better description of composition of names of successor countries/states following the splinter . ) The decade was also a period of revolution in a number of countries . The Mexican Revolution spearheaded the trend in November 1910 , which led to the ousting of dictator Porfirio Diaz , developing into a violent civil war that dragged on until mid-1920 , not long after a new Mexican Constitution was signed and ratified . Russia also had a similar fate , since World War I led to a collapse in morale as well as to economic chaos . This atmosphere encouraged the establishment of Bolshevism , which was later renamed as communism . Like the Mexican Revolution , the Russian Revolution of 1917 , known as the October Revolution , immediately turned to Russian Civil War that dragged until approximately late 1922 . Much of the music in these years was ballroom-themed . Many of the fashionable restaurants were equipped with dance floors . Prohibition in the United States began January 16 , 1919 , with the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1951a0b2529e535e3124e949bcc5e277", "text": "Mikhail Tarkhanov (actor) Mikhail Mikhaylovich Moskvin ( Михаил Михайлович Москвин , 19 September 1877 , Moscow , Imperial Russia , -- 18 August 1948 , Moscow , USSR ) was a Russian and Soviet stage actor and theatre director , better known by his stage name Mikhail Tarkhanov . Having made his stage debut in 1898 on stage the Ryazan Theatre , he performed in numerous troupes ( including those led by Nikolai Sinelnikov and Vasily Kachalov ) before joining the Moscow Art Theatre in 1922 where he soon became one of the leading actors and , in the late 1920s , a stage director . In 1935 he started to teach drama and in 1942-1948 was the head of Russian Academy of Theatre Arts . In 1937 Tarkhanov was awarded the prestigious People 's Artist of the USSR title . He was the recipient on numerous high-profile Soviet state awards , including the Order of Lenin ( 1838 , 1947 ) and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour ( 1937 ) as well as the Stalin Prize laureate ( 1943 , 1st Grade ) . In 1923-1937 he was cast in 9 films , most of them the Russian classics adaptations , including Raskolnikow , The Storm ( 1933 ) , The Youth of Maxim ( 1934 ) , Dubrovsky ( 1936 ) and Pyotr Pervyy ( 1937 ) . The actor Ivan Moskvin was his younger brother .", "title": "" } ]	fever
92560a8a7f1ccfe99861c93ef7074e38	Heather Watson's competitor for the WTA singles title was Chang Kai-Chen.	[ { "docid": "6ac56ad8ef806aae3938bd8d6405ea59", "text": "Heather Watson Heather Miriam Watson ( born 19 May 1992 ) is a British tennis player and a Wimbledon Mixed Doubles Champion . She is a former British No. 1 and current British No. 2 behind Johanna Konta . She holds the Mixed Doubles title at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships with Henri Kontinen . On 14 October 2012 , Watson won her first WTA singles title with a win over Chang Kai-chen of Taiwan in the final of the Japan Open , becoming the first British female to win a WTA singles title since Sara Gomer in 1988 . In her junior career , Watson won the US Open and gold at the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games . She had been as high as No. 3 in the world on the ITF Junior Circuit .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d448a13f72f11d7dc284cd6a61f19449", "text": "2015 J&T Banka Prague Open – Singles Heather Watson was the defending champion , but lost to Polona Hercog in the first round . Karolína Plíšková won the title , defeating Lucie Hradecká in the final , 4 -- 6 , 7 -- 5 , 6 -- 3 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf0b13599453920f3655e1af26d5b16a", "text": "2011 Guangzhou International Women's Open – Singles Jarmila Gajdošová was the defending champion , but lost to eventual finalist Magdaléna Rybáriková in the quarterfinals . Chanelle Scheepers won her first WTA singles title , defeating Rybáriková 6 -- 2 , 6 -- 2 in the final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8725c478d696f1b1ffa28b1368b0428f", "text": "2007 Tennis Channel Open and the Mirage Cup The 2007 Tennis Channel Open was a tennis event on the 2007 ATP Tour . Lleyton Hewitt , who was the 2006 runner-up , was the singles champion , while Bob and Mike Bryan were the doubles champions . The event was held in Las Vegas , Nevada at the Darling Tennis Center . It was the twentieth Tennis Channel Open , but just the second to be held in Las Vegas . The ITF women 's competition was won by Caroline Wozniacki in singles and by Victoria Azarenka and Tatiana Poutchek for doubles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e856693b018f2808f983631ca1086c60", "text": "2012 OEC Taipei WTA Ladies Open – Doubles Chan Yung-jan and Zheng Jie were the defending champions , but both decided not to participate . Chan Hao-ching and Kristina Mladenovic defeated Chang Kai-chen and Olga Govortsova 5 -- 7 , 6 -- 2 , -LSB- 10 -- 8 -RSB- in the final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "031744252062a53fcc4337a6c6c4a861", "text": "Tian Ran Tian Ran ( ; born 8 January 1994 in Henan ) is a Chinese tennis player . Tian has a WTA singles career high ranking of 425 achieved on 27 May 2013 . She also has a WTA doubles career high ranking of 212 achieved on 10 June 2013 . Tian made her WTA tour main draw doubles debut at the 2011 Guangzhou International Women 's Open partnering Liang Chen . In the first round they defeated Alona Bondarenko and Mariya Koryttseva 4 -- 6 , 6 -- 3 , -LSB- 12 -- 10 -RSB- before losing to the second seeds Alberta Brianti and Petra Martić in the quarterfinals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97845ed96c65cfd3642d359dee6185c2", "text": "2017 Zhuhai Open The 2017 Zhuhai Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It was the second ( ATP ) and third ( ITF ) editions of the tournament and was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2017 ITF Women 's Circuit , offering $ 50,000 + H ( ATP ) and $ 60,000 ( ITF ) in prize money . It took place in Zhuhai , China , from 6 -- 12 March 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8215daad99c8b48a9b412d6f5e1fd4a7", "text": "2013 Australian Open The 2013 Australian Open was a tennis tournament that took place in Melbourne Park in Melbourne , Australia , from 14 to 27 January 2013 . It was the 101st edition of the Australian Open , and the first Grand Slam event of the year . The tournament consisted of events for professional players in singles , doubles and mixed doubles play . Junior and wheelchair players competed in singles and doubles tournaments . All four of the main events in singles and same-sex doubles were won by the top seeds -- Novak Djokovic in men 's singles , Victoria Azarenka in women 's singles , Bob and Mike Bryan in men 's doubles , and Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci in women 's doubles . This year 's Australian Open was the first Grand Slam event since that tournament 's 2004 edition in which the women 's singles and doubles were won by the top seeds , and the first Grand Slam event since the 1997 Wimbledon Championships in which the men 's and women 's singles and doubles were all won by the top seeds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "026c73229657ba672507cb91d537651d", "text": "Hua Hin Championships The Hua Hin Championships is a tournament for professional male and female tennis players played on outdoor hard courts . The event is classified as a $ 125,000 ATP Challenger Tour and WTA 125K series tournament and has been held in Hua Hin District , Thailand , since 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bf65ea4dbcd3ef494a7b6cb4dbb6ee2", "text": "2009 Sony Ericsson Open The 2009 Sony Ericsson Open ( also known as 2009 Miami Masters ) was a men 's and women 's tennis tournament held from March 23 to April 5 , 2009 . It was the 25th edition of the Miami Masters event and was played on outdoor hard courts at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne , Florida , located near Miami . The tournament was part of 2009 ATP World Tour and 2009 WTA Tour , classified as ATP World Tour Masters 1000 and Premier Mandatory event respectively . The men 's singles event was won by British player Andy Murray , who defeated Novak Djokovic in the final . Victoria Azarenka of Belarus won the women 's singles event by defeating defending champion Serena Williams . Both Murray and Azarenka were first-time winners at the tournament and also the first to win from their respective countries . In the doubles events , Max Mirnyi and Andy Ram won the men 's title by defeating the team of Ashley Fisher and Stephen Huss . The women 's doubles title was won by Svetlana Kuznetsova and Amélie Mauresmo who overcame Květa Peschke and Lisa Raymond in the final match .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8c21513fdebd7b436c97bffe93e40dc", "text": "Laura Robson Laura Robson ( born 21 January 1994 ) is a British tennis player and an Olympic Mixed Doubles silver medalist . She debuted on the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) junior tour in 2007 , and a year later won the Wimbledon Junior Girls ' Championship at the age of 14 . As a junior , she also twice reached the final of the girls ' singles tournament at the Australian Open , in 2009 and 2010 . She won her first professional tournament in November 2008 . Robson was the first British woman since Samantha Smith at Wimbledon in 1998 to reach the fourth round of a Grand Slam tournament , doing so at the 2012 US Open and the 2013 Wimbledon Championships . She won a silver medal in the mixed doubles at the 2012 London Olympics playing with Andy Murray , with whom she also reached the 2010 Hopman Cup final . At the 2012 Guangzhou Women 's Open , Robson became the first British woman since Jo Durie in 1990 to reach a WTA main-tour final , where she lost to Hsieh Su-wei . Robson was named WTA Newcomer of the Year for 2012 and reached a career high singles ranking of world number 27 on 8 July 2013 . Since then , Robson has suffered from various injuries which have caused a prolonged absence from the WTA tour . After losing in the first round of the 2013 HP Open on 7 October 2013 , she has played just 33 matches : two in 2014 , 11 in 2015 and 20 in 2016 , winning just eight of them . She dropped out of the world rankings in early 2015 , returning at 906 in July 2015 , and is currently ranked at 173 . She has a career-high doubles ranking of number 82 and is currently ranked 344 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "477d2817b7d7af614c5e4ab8f031fb0c", "text": "2009 ASB Classic The 2009 ASB Classic is a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It is the 24th edition of the ASB Classic , and was part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2009 WTA Tour . It took place at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland , New Zealand , from 5 through 10 January 2009 . The singles draw is led by WTA No. 4 , Luxembourg , Dubai winner , Olympics gold medalist Elena Dementieva , Tokyo , New Haven , Stockholm titlist Caroline Wozniacki and Strasbourg champion , Fes , Portorož runner-up Anabel Medina Garrigues . Also competing are Stanford champion Aleksandra Wozniak , Prague quarter-finalist Shahar Pe'er , Nicole Vaidišová , Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova and Carla Suárez Navarro .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab1c36a0d230fc2c09dae558df586525", "text": "2005 China Open (tennis) The 2005 China Open was an ATP International Series and WTA Tour Tier II tennis tournament held in Beijing , China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e274160502a161385c3ae79b4af8742e", "text": "2013 WTA Tour Championships – Doubles Maria Kirilenko and Nadia Petrova were the defending champions , but chose not to pair up this year . Petrova paired up and qualified with Katarina Srebotnik , but they lost in the semifinals to Hsieh Su-wei and Peng Shuai . Hsieh and Peng went on to win the title , defeating Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina in the final , 6 -- 4 , 7 -- 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfb67860924ead9ea6eac0b744fb04f4", "text": "Advanta Championships of Philadelphia The Advanta Championships of Philadelphia ( also long known as the Virginia Slims of Philadelphia ) was a WTA Tour professional tennis tournament for women played from 1971 through 2005 in Philadelphia , United States . The tournament was classified on the WTA Tour as a Tier I event from 1993 through 1995 . It was classified as a Tier II event in 1991 , 1992 , and from 1996 through 2005 . The tournament was played indoors , on carpet from 1991 through 2000 and on hard courts from 1971 through 1979 and from 2003 through 2005 . Past singles champions include Conchita Martínez , Margaret Court , Chris Evert , Monica Seles , Steffi Graf , Martina Hingis , Lindsay Davenport , and Amélie Mauresmo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03b4ca5a975ca227dfb17d44adbc44b4", "text": "2017 Australian Open The 2017 Australian Open was a tennis tournament that took place at Melbourne Park between 16 -- 29 January 2017 . It was the 105th edition of the Australian Open , and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year . The tournament consisted of events for professional players in singles , doubles and mixed doubles play . Junior and wheelchair players competed in singles and doubles tournaments . As in previous years , the tournament 's title sponsor was Kia . Novak Djokovic and Angelique Kerber were the defending champions and both were unsuccessful in their title defense ; they lost to Denis Istomin and Coco Vandeweghe in the second and fourth rounds , respectively . For the first time since the 2004 French Open , both No. 1 seeds lost before the quarterfinals , with both Andy Murray and Kerber defeated in the fourth round . Roger Federer won his eighteenth men 's singles Grand Slam title by defeating Rafael Nadal in a five-set final . It was his first major title since 2012 Wimbledon and a rematch of the 2009 Australian Open final , which Nadal won in five sets . Serena Williams overcame her sister Venus in the women 's singles final , surpassing Steffi Graf to become the player with the most major wins in the women 's game in the Open Era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "beae78b200ad9d277efbfb9ab836e326", "text": "Li Na Li Na ( born 26 February 1982 ) is a retired Chinese professional tennis player , who achieved a career-high ranking of world No. 2 on the WTA Tour on 17 February 2014 . Over the course of her career , Li won nine WTA singles titles , including two Grand Slam singles titles at the 2011 French Open and 2014 Australian Open . Li 's rise to prominence came after those victories , which made her the first and only Grand Slam singles champion from East Asia and Asia as a whole . Prior to this , she had already become the first player representing an East Asian and Asian country to appear in a Grand Slam singles final , a milestone she achieved at the 2011 Australian Open . Li was also the runner-up at the 2013 Australian Open and 2013 WTA Tour Championships , a three-time quarterfinalist at Wimbledon and a semifinalist at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and 2013 US Open . Among her other most notable accolades , she was the first Chinese player to win a WTA tour title at the Guangzhou International Women 's Open in 2004 , the first to reach a Grand Slam singles quarterfinal at the 2006 Wimbledon Championships , and the first to break into the world 's top 10 . Her feats have sparked a major population growth of tennis players in East Asia , earning her the reputation as the region 's tennis pioneer and trailblazer . Li retired from professional tennis on 19 September 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "518bba04c6d992439a8e9553993f8a4f", "text": "Chuang Chia-jung Chuang Chia-jung ( ; born 10 January 1985 ) is a Taiwanese professional female tennis player . Chuang has won twenty four doubles titles on the WTA tour ( including two WTA 125K series ) , as well as ten singles and 33 doubles titles on the ITF circuit in her career . On 13 November 2006 , she reached her best singles ranking of world number 177 . On 18 August 2008 , she peaked at world number 5 in the doubles rankings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6495f6f4cae128adc35060114155397", "text": "2001 WTA Tour Championships The 2001 WTA Tour Championships , also known by its sponsored name Sanex Championships , was a women 's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Olympiahalle in Munich , Germany . It was the 31st edition of the year-end singles championships , the 26th edition of the year-end doubles championships , and was part of the 2001 WTA Tour . The tournament was held between 30 October and 4 November 2001 . Seventh-seeded Serena Williams won the singles event after Lindsay Davenport defaulted the final due to a knee injury she sustained in her semifinal match . Davenport 's semifinal win ensured her the No. 1 year-end ranking . Williams earned $ 500,000 first-prize money as well as 390 ranking points . Venus Williams and Martina Hingis had qualified for the tournament but withdrew due to injuries while Monica Seles refused to play in Germany , the country where she was stabbed in 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b7e7f784bfacca172701db5c1296cce", "text": "2012 Qatar Airways Tournament of Champions The 2012 Qatar Airways Tournament of Champions was a singles-only tennis tournament that was played on indoor hard courts in Sofia . It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was part of the 2012 WTA Tour . The 2012 edition was the first held in Sofia , having been relocated from Bali , where the tournament was held for the previous three years and called the Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions . The tournament was played between October 30 and November 4 . Ana Ivanovic did not defend her title this year for two reasons : She did not win , or reach , a single final this year in order to gain direct acceptance , and she did not receive a wild card due to her participation in the 2012 Fed Cup finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b6baf2778edc86372d9c6b83e07db53", "text": "2017 WTA Finals The 2017 WTA Finals is a women 's tennis tournament that will be held Kallang , Singapore . It will be the 47th edition of the singles event and the 42nd edition of the doubles competition . The tournament will be contested by eight singles players and eight doubles teams .", "title": "" } ]	fever
62757a1897e89b37edc3b2f96f9081a8	Friends with Benefits features actors.	[ { "docid": "c471552ac66fa100d7be6371a46386e4", "text": "Patricia Clarkson Patricia Davies Clarkson ( born December 29 , 1959 ) is an American actress . She has starred in many leading and supporting roles in films such as The Station Agent , The Pledge , The Green Mile , Far from Heaven , High Art , Dogville , Good Night , and Good Luck , Easy A , and Cairo Time . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the Golden Globe for her performance in Pieces of April ( 2003 ) . She twice won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her recurring role in Six Feet Under . In 2015 , she was nominated for a Tony Award for her performance in The Elephant Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2aa08576c31ed0c1e13beefe1ab3d93", "text": "Bryan Greenberg Bryan Greenberg ( born May 24 , 1978 ) is an American actor and singer , known for his starring role as Ben Epstein in the HBO original series How to Make It in America as well as a recurring role as Jake Jagielski in the WB series One Tree Hill and as Nick Garrett on the short-lived ABC drama October Road . His film work includes The Perfect Score , Prime , Nobel Son , Bride Wars , The Good Guy , Friends with Benefits , and A Short History of Decay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bdb5f1d899e5a20e83a46625d9d0608", "text": "Friends with Benefits (film) Friends with Benefits is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Will Gluck , and starring Justin Timberlake and Mila Kunis in the lead roles . The film features Patricia Clarkson , Jenna Elfman , Bryan Greenberg , Nolan Gould , Richard Jenkins , and Woody Harrelson in supporting roles . The plot revolves around Dylan Harper ( Timberlake ) and Jamie Rellis ( Kunis ) , who meet in New York City , and naively believe adding sex to their friendship will not lead to complications . Over time , they begin to develop deep mutual feelings for each other , only to deny it each time they are together . Principal casting for Friends with Benefits took place over a three-month period from April to July 2010 . Gluck reworked the original script and plot shortly after casting Timberlake and Kunis . Filming began in New York City on July 20 , 2010 , and concluded in Los Angeles in September 2010 . The film was distributed by Screen Gems and was released in North America on July 22 , 2011 . Friends with Benefits was generally well received by film critics , most of whom praised the chemistry between the lead actors . The film became a commercial success at the box office , grossing over $ 150.4 million worldwide , against a budget of $ 35 million . It was nominated for two People 's Choice Awards -- Favorite Comedy Movie , and Favorite Comedic Movie Actress ( Kunis ) -- and two Teen Choice Awards for Timberlake and Kunis .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1da189226c838b1340f1dfe9e3b07250", "text": "Robert Hardy Timothy Sydney Robert Hardy , CBE , FSA ( born 29 October 1925 ) is an English actor with a long career in the theatre , film and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb6abbf8cd80dcc21000d44258f29f1d", "text": "Andy Dick Andrew Roane Dick ( born December 21 , 1965 ) is an American comedian , actor , musician , and television and film producer . Best known as a comic , he is also known for his eccentric and controversial behavior . His first regular television role was on the short-lived but influential The Ben Stiller Show . In the mid-1990s , he had a long-running stint on NBC 's NewsRadio and was a supporting character on Less than Perfect . He briefly had his own program , The Andy Dick Show on MTV . He is noted for his outlandish behavior from a number of Comedy Central Roasts . He landed in 7th place on the 16th season of Dancing with the Stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc01bf077369df0492daebe840683354", "text": "Patrick Cavanaugh Patrick Cavanaugh is an American television actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "209656367351fb098b0db8dc451cf9ba", "text": "Charlie O'Connell Charles `` Charlie '' O'Connell ( born April 21 , 1975 ) is an American actor and reality television personality . He is known for his appearance on The Bachelor , as well as appearing in several of his older brother , Jerry O'Connell 's projects , including a starring role as Colin Mallory in Season 4 of the science fiction television series Sliders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0a46e46313041d9ad968f6b52398f0e", "text": "Lukas Haas Lukas Daniel Haas ( born April 16 , 1976 ) is an American actor and musician . His acting career has spanned three decades , during which he has appeared in more than 50 feature films and a number of television shows and stage productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b5dff9513bf01faf58e4cffc28d57ad", "text": "Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2ce0cbd6dd71dd74188729a9791ac6d", "text": "Friends with benefits Friends with benefits refers to friends who carry on a casual sexual relationship . It can also refer to : Friends with Benefits ( film ) , a 2011 film directed by Will Gluck `` Friends with Benefits '' ( song ) , a 2016 song by English rapper KSI Friends with Benefits ( TV series ) , a 2011 American television sitcom Friends ( With Benefits ) , a 2009 independent comedy-drama film Friends with Benefit , a 2006 CD soundtrack from the TV series One Tree Hill Friends with Benefits ( telenovela ) , a telenovela planned for 2007 but canceled `` Friends with Benefits '' , episode 108 of the telenova Fashion House Friends with Benefits , the working title of the film No Strings Attached", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46238bf3251bcb308da9b49dbc9bdde3", "text": "Peter Ford (actor) Peter Ford ( born February 5 , 1945 ) is a retired American actor , singer and former President and Co-Founder of Blackoak Development Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc25a3ef841e1cf8c02b8475956345de", "text": "James R. Black James Richard Black ( born April 3 , 1962 ) is an American actor and former professional football player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d03d08de95db9df76f45d9ec7aed30ba", "text": "Randy Spelling Randall Gene `` Randy '' Spelling ( born October 9 , 1978 ) is an American former actor and currently a life coach . He is the brother of Tori Spelling and the son of Candy and Aaron Spelling .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31ef278e3a4a5e75e38b5b9536cf7b06", "text": "Bryan Dattilo Bryan Ronald Dattilo ( born July 29 , 1971 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his role as Lucas Horton on the NBC daytime soap opera Days of Our Lives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcdc4f50af405a6e948c1b4d81b3e59d", "text": "Kyle MacLachlan Kyle Merritt MacLachlan ( -LSB- məˈglɒklən -RSB- born February 22 , 1959 ) is an American actor . MacLachlan is best known for his role as Dale Cooper in Twin Peaks ( 1990 -- 1991 ; 2017 ) and its subsequent film continuation Twin Peaks : Fire Walk with Me ( 1992 ) , as well as in cult films such as two of David Lynch 's films : Paul Atreides in Dune ( 1984 ) and Jeffrey Beaumont in Blue Velvet ( 1986 ) . MacLachlan 's other film roles include Lloyd Gallagher in the science fiction action film The Hidden ( 1987 ) , Ray Manzarek in The Doors ( 1991 ) , Clifford Vandercave in The Flintstones ( 1994 ) , and the voice of Riley 's dad in Inside Out ( 2015 ) . He has also had prominent roles in television shows including appearing as Trey MacDougal in Sex and the City ( 2000 -- 2002 ) , Orson Hodge in Desperate Housewives ( 2006 -- 2012 ) , The Captain in How I Met Your Mother ( 2010 -- 14 ) , the Mayor of Portland in Portlandia ( 2011 -- 2017 ) , and Calvin Zabo in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( 2014 -- 2015 ) . MacLachlan has won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Television Series Drama and has been nominated for two Emmy Awards , all for Twin Peaks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49b446113f608bc96e0a5558fddfbc8f", "text": "Scott Elrod Scott Michael Elrod ( born February 10 , 1975 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e55a8404ce3febaaaafcd974bcb586b1", "text": "PJ DeBoy Paul J. `` PJ '' DeBoy ( born June 7 , 1971 ) is an American actor and talk show host .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87461f1c496a6181f2361be6bc231069", "text": "Mike O'Brien (actor) Michael Patrick O'Brien ( born June 22 , 1976 ) , is an American actor , writer , and comedian , best known for his work as a writer and short filmmaker on Saturday Night Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d43bbbe67d1f2153779bd4361ac0aa0d", "text": "Michael Landon Jr. Michael Graham Landon Jr. ( born June 20 , 1964 ) is an American actor , director , writer , and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "131114b9553f955c0623538abb410662", "text": "Christian Clark Christian Clark ( born 15 September 1978 ) is an Australian actor and business owner . Christian appeared in the role of Will Griggs in the Network Ten soap opera Neighbours from 2006 to 2007 and played Penn Graham in Home and Away in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "512ef229ce2a4c6003030c5d475d442c", "text": "Elya Baskin Ilya Zalmanovich Baskin ( Iļja Baskins , Илья́ За́лманович Ба́скин born 11 August 1950 ) , known as Elya Baskin , is an American actor .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1353dc840b4143732ba223009b28c7fa	The Sopranos had seven seasons.	[ { "docid": "a06df73c2909872e910eb420d85bdb9f", "text": "The Sopranos The Sopranos is an American crime drama television series created by David Chase . The story revolves around the fictional character , New Jersey-based Italian American mobster Tony Soprano ( James Gandolfini ) . The series portrays the difficulties he faces as he tries to balance the conflicting requirements of his home life and his criminal organization . These are often highlighted during his therapy sessions with psychiatrist Jennifer Melfi ( Lorraine Bracco ) . The series features Tony 's family members , mafia colleagues and rivals , in prominent roles and story arcs , most notably his wife Carmela ( Edie Falco ) and protégé Christopher Moltisanti ( Michael Imperioli ) . After the pilot was ordered in 1997 , the show premiered on the premium cable network HBO in the United States on January 10 , 1999 , and ran its six seasons with 86 episodes to June 10 , 2007 . The series then went through syndication and has been broadcast on A&E in the United States and internationally . The Sopranos was produced by HBO , Chase Films , and Brad Grey Television . It was primarily filmed at Silvercup Studios , New York City , and on location in New Jersey . The executive producers throughout the show 's run were David Chase , Brad Grey , Robin Green , Mitchell Burgess , Ilene S. Landress , Terence Winter , and Matthew Weiner . The Sopranos is widely regarded as one of the greatest television series of all time . The series also won a multitude of awards , including Peabody Awards for its first two seasons , 21 Primetime Emmy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards . A staple of 2000s American popular culture , the series has been the subject of critical analysis , controversy , and parody . It has spawned books , a video game , high-charting soundtrack albums , and a large amount of assorted merchandise . Several members of the show 's cast and crew who were previously largely unknown to the public have had successful careers after The Sopranos . In 2013 , the Writers Guild of America named The Sopranos the best-written TV series of all time , while TV Guide ranked it the best television series of all time .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "53689f31ff32db09c158d5ad5ce2b72d", "text": "List of Mad About You episodes The following is an episode list for the NBC series , Mad About You . In total , there were 164 episodes broadcast during seven seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9e1f8f224307f1e2546471207cc3ce6", "text": "Seven Times Seven Seven Times Seven ( Sette volte sette ) is a 1968 Italian crime comedy caper directed by Michele Lupo and starring Gastone Moschin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "574b707fd36c1d91314092f0440c4bd4", "text": "David Chase David Chase ( born August 22 , 1945 ) is an American writer , director and television producer . Chase has worked in television for 40 years ; he has produced and written for such shows as The Rockford Files , I 'll Fly Away , and Northern Exposure . He has created two original series ; the first , Almost Grown , aired for 10 episodes in 1988 and 1989 . Chase is best known for his second original series , the influential and critically acclaimed HBO drama The Sopranos , which aired for six seasons between 1999 and 2007 . A prominent figure in American television , Chase has won seven Emmy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "580a4ef9fae526875085deadbff18556", "text": "Everybody Loves Raymond (season 7) This is a list of episodes for the seventh season of Everybody Loves Raymond .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee170d24518eddab940514b7be879177", "text": "Subway (Homicide: Life on the Street) `` Subway '' ( sometimes referred to as `` The Accident '' ) is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the American police television drama Homicide : Life on the Street , and the 84th episode overall . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 5 , 1997 . In the episode , John Lange ( Vincent D'Onofrio ) becomes pinned between a Baltimore Metro Subway train and the station platform . The Baltimore homicide department is informed that Lange will be dead within an hour and Pembleton tries to solve the case while comforting Lange in his final minutes . `` Subway '' featured guest star Bruce MacVittie as a man suspected of pushing Lange into the path of the train . The episode was written by James Yoshimura , who co-produced with David Simon . It was directed by Gary Fleder and was the only episode of Homicide : Life on the Street helmed by the feature film director . Yoshimura based `` Subway '' on an episode of the HBO hidden-camera documentary show Taxicab Confessions , in which a New York City detective described a real-life instance of a man trapped between a subway train and platform . `` Subway '' was filmed on location in a Baltimore Metropolitan Transit Authority ( MTA ) station . Fleder included cinematic elements that were uncommon in the traditionally naturalistic show . This led to conflicts between Fleder and director of photography Alex Zakrzewski . `` Subway '' received overwhelmingly positive reviews but ranked number three in its time-slot during its original broadcast , capturing 10.3 million viewers but falling behind ABC 's 20/20 and CBS 's Nash Bridges . The episode won a Peabody Award for excellence in television broadcasting and was nominated for two Emmy Awards , one for Yoshimura 's script and one for D'Onofrio 's guest performance . `` Subway '' was the subject of a two-hour PBS television documentary , Anatomy of a `` Homicide : Life on the Street '' , which originally aired on the network on November 4 , 1998 . Screenwriter Vince Gilligan said `` Subway '' directly influenced an episode of The X-Files that he wrote , which in turn helped inspire the casting of Bryan Cranston in Breaking Bad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8545efb6ae32155d2cc4fae8c80455ef", "text": "Dramatic soprano A dramatic soprano is a type of operatic soprano with a powerful , rich , emotive voice that can sing over , or cut through , a full orchestra . Thicker vocal folds in dramatic voices usually ( but not always ) mean less agility than lighter voices but a sustained , fuller sound . Usually this voice has a lower tessitura than other sopranos , and a darker timbre . They are often used for heroic , often long-suffering , tragic women of opera . Dramatic sopranos have a range from approximately low A ( A3 ) to `` high C '' ( C6 ) . Some dramatic sopranos , known as Wagnerian sopranos , have an exceptionally big voice that can assert itself over a large orchestra ( of more than 80 or even 100 pieces ) . These voices are substantial , often denser in tone , extremely powerful and , ideally , evenly balanced throughout the vocal registers . Wagnerian sopranos usually play mythic heroines . Successful Wagnerian sopranos are rare and often Wagnerian roles are performed by Italianate dramatic sopranos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05e4033d0f64348a8e62e2eb3236cea7", "text": "Luxury Lounge `` Luxury Lounge '' is the seventy-second episode of the HBO original series The Sopranos and the seventh of the show 's sixth season . It was written by Matthew Weiner , directed by Danny Leiner and originally aired on April 23 , 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a12e55c6b7e59299bbdc056bcdb2cd2e", "text": "Mitchell Burgess Mitchell Burgess is an American writer and producer . He was the writer and an executive producer on The Sopranos . He was a creator and executive producer for Blue Bloods . He frequently works with his wife Robin Green .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f5eff654917e01fb31f513bb6069576", "text": "Sixth Family Sixth Family is a term used to refer to a ( usually Italian-American or Italian-Canadian ) crime family or criminal organization that has become powerful or notable enough to rise to a level comparable or close to that of the Five Families of the New York City Italian-American Mafia . The implications of the term may vary depending on context ; a criminal organization deemed a `` Sixth Family '' may rival the Five Families or , alternatively , work closely enough with the Five Families that it appears to be a peer or near coequal of the families .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef5e5cd417b2dacfd9af51deb8e16c94", "text": "Tony Blundetto Anthony `` Tony '' Blundetto , played by Steve Buscemi , is a fictional character on the HBO TV series The Sopranos . He is Tony Soprano 's cousin who is released from prison at the beginning of the show 's fifth season . Upon release , Tony Blundetto begins to pursue a straight , non-criminal life . However , he is eventually overpowered by the challenges of civilian life and turns back to crime , dragging the DiMeo Crime Family into the Lupertazzi Crime Family 's power struggle . For his work in season 5 , Buscemi received critical acclaim and was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2214fd1c46dba1d2c6d133c00b63bf2", "text": "Seven Days (newspaper) Seven Days is an alternative weekly newspaper that is distributed every Wednesday in Vermont . Seven Days is published by Da Capo Publishing , Inc. , and owned by Pamela Polston and Paula Routly . It is distributed free of charge throughout the following areas : Burlington , Middlebury , Montpelier , Stowe , the Mad River Valley , Rutland , St. Albans , Vermont , and Plattsburgh , New York . Seven Days deals with many aspects of life in Vermont . Columns and stories in the newspaper often concern such topics as state and local politics , Vermont organizations and charities , and general human interest stories . It also features local music listings ; an alternative style comics section ; art , movie and theater reviews ; event listings , local dining , classified advertisements , and personals . Each year Seven Days asks their readers to place votes for the `` Seven Daysies '' which is a compilation of favorite people and places to visit throughout the state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cedc1e02926d3396d5f36605d548d33a", "text": "Light Opera of Manhattan Light Opera of Manhattan , known as LOOM , was an Off-Broadway repertory theatre company that produced light operas , including the works of Gilbert and Sullivan and European and American operettas , 52 weeks per year , in New York City between 1968 and 1989 . Founded by William Mount-Burke , LOOM 's first long-term home was in the Jan Hus theatre from the late 1960s to 1975 , where it succeeded another small light opera company , the American Savoyards . At the Jan Hus , LOOM performed predominantly the Savoy operas of Gilbert and Sullivan , such as The Pirates of Penzance , The Mikado and H.M.S. Pinafore . Led by conductor-director Mount-Burke , principal comedian Raymond Allen and choreographer/stage manager Jerry Gotham , the company mentored many young actors and singers who went on to careers on Broadway or elsewhere in theatre or music . In 1975 , the company moved across the street to a legitimate Off-Broadway theatre , the Eastside Playhouse . There it expanded its repertoire beyond Gilbert and Sullivan to American and continental operettas , such as those of Victor Herbert , Rudolph Friml , Franz Lehár , Sigmund Romberg , Jacques Offenbach and Johann Strauss II . LOOM was often featured on WQXR radio . By 1979 , diabetes had blinded William Mount-Burke , but he continued to conduct and even to direct new productions . The company remained strong until 1984 , when Mount-Burke died and the company 's playhouse was closed and subsequently demolished . After this , led by Allen and Gotham , with music director Todd Ellison , the company played in a series of theatres around New York that challenged its ability to keep its Upper East Side audience , and it was forced constantly to raise funds . In 1986 , the company closed , opening for its final seasons from 1987 to 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4231ec6994480c1ca1ddab0c8da8203b", "text": "The Four Seasons (Vivaldi) The Four Seasons ( Le quattro stagioni ) is a group of four violin concerti by Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi , each of which gives a musical expression to a season of the year . They were written around 1721 and were published in 1725 in Amsterdam , together with eight additional violin concerti , as Il cimento dell ` armonia e dell ` inventione ( `` The Contest Between Harmony and Invention '' ) . The Four Seasons is the best known of Vivaldi 's works . Unusually for the time , Vivaldi published the concerti with accompanying poems ( possibly written by Vivaldi himself ) that elucidated what it was about those seasons that his music was intended to evoke . It provides one of the earliest and most-detailed examples of what was later called program music -- music with a narrative element . Vivaldi took great pains to relate his music to the texts of the poems , translating the poetic lines themselves directly into the music on the page . In the middle section of the Spring concerto , where the goatherd sleeps , his barking dog can be marked in the viola section . Other natural occurrences are similarly evoked . Vivaldi separated each concerto into three movements , fast-slow-fast , and likewise each linked sonnet into three sections .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20cae513cf52e71cce237562a2379775", "text": "List of White Collar episodes White Collar is a crime/mystery television series that premiered on October 23 , 2009 , on the USA Network . The series stars Matt Bomer as Neal Caffrey , a former conman , forger and thief , and Tim DeKay as FBI Special Agent Peter Burke . The pair form an unlikely partnership as they work together to apprehend white collar criminals . The series also stars Willie Garson as Mozzie , an old friend of Neal 's who occasionally aids the FBI in their investigations ; Tiffani Thiessen as Elizabeth Burke , Peter 's wife ; and Marsha Thomason and Sharif Atkins as agents Diana Berrigan and Clinton Jones , respectively . Natalie Morales appeared in the first season as agent Lauren Cruz . Hilarie Burton was introduced in the second season as Sara Ellis , a love interest for Neal . She joined the main cast at the beginning of the third season . White Collar aired its first season of 14 episodes in two parts , which premiered in 2009 and 2010 . This was followed by a second season , comprising 16 episodes . The first group of nine episodes aired in summer 2010 , while the remaining seven aired in spring 2011 . The third season began airing in 2011 and ended in 2012 . The first 10 episodes of the season aired in summer 2011 , while the remaining six began airing in winter 2012 . The series was renewed for a fourth season comprising 16 episodes , which began airing in July 2012 . A fifth season which was renewed for 16 episodes , later reduced to 13 , started airing in October 2013 . On March 2014 , the series was renewed for a sixth season , which was confirmed to be its final season the following September . The season premiered on November 6 , 2014 . On December 18 , after the airing of the last episode of the sixth season , White Collar ended its run . The first three seasons are available on DVD in regions 1 , 2 , and 4 , while the first season is also available on Blu-ray .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80a2d0945891594af7572d51f11c6fb7", "text": "Squillo Squillo is a technical term for the resonant , trumpet-like sound in the voices of opera singers . It is also commonly called `` singer 's formant '' , `` ring '' , `` ping '' , `` core '' , and other terms . Squillo enables an essentially lyric tone to be heard over thick orchestrations , e.g. in late Verdi , Puccini and Strauss operas . Achieving a proper amount of squillo in any performing context is imperative : too much and the tone veers towards the shrill ; too little and the purpose of the squillo can not be achieved . Squillo is easily recognizable by a distinctive brilliant , ringing quality in the timbre of the voice . This perception is caused by the presence of a peak in the 2 - 5 kHz frequency range , to which the human ear is particularly sensitive . The amplification of these particular harmonics is believed to be a result of a narrowing of the Aryepiglottic fold just above the larynx . Voices with naturally acquired squillo , i.e. having naturally strong higher formants , are especially prized in opera because they allow a singer to maintain certain lyric qualities e.g. limpid high notes , and consistency of tone throughout the range etc. even in dramatic singing . Voices with squillo are also easier to record . Uses of the squillo includes : projecting a small timbre e.g. Alfredo Kraus , Juan Diego Flórez underscoring a dramatically important passage e.g. No , non voglio morir in Sola , perduta abbandonata from Puccini 's Manon Lescaut singing through a thickly textured orchestration , e.g. the final bars of Libera me from Verdi 's Requiem , in which a soprano has to compete against a tutti orchestra and full chorus supporting a pianissimo note floated over an orchestra ( which also demands a secure breath control ) e.g. Montserrat Caballé supporting a long trill simulating a scream without compromising the timbre , especially in a verismic opera ; however it is not unheard that a bona fide scream be used in operatic setting , e.g. Tosca 's final jump in Tosca giving an impression of ` youth ' to an aged voice , mainly via a cultivation of the head register , ref . Section IX Meine Gesangskunst , by Lilli Lehmann ; best exemplified vocally by Mirella Freni Famous singers who personify this technique include Leontyne Price , Mariella Devia , Renata Tebaldi , Giuseppe di Stefano , Jussi Björling and Luciano Pavarotti . Certain dramatic singers may also employ squillo as opposed to volume over the course of a performance , for example Birgit Nilsson . Squillo may also refer , in current Italian : when the grammatical gender is masculine ( uno squillo ) word for `` ring '' ( as in `` telephone ring '' ) , currently a slang term for missed call to form a verb a word `` squillare '' which means `` to ring '' or `` to blare ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "299bad5811cbdb45eda402522eea5e15", "text": "Dexter (season 1) The first season of Dexter is an adaptation of Jeff Lindsay 's first novel in the Dexter series , Darkly Dreaming Dexter . Subsequent seasons have featured original storylines . This season aired from October 1 , 2006 to December 17 , 2006 , and follows Dexter 's investigation of `` The Ice Truck Killer '' . Introduced in the first episode , `` Dexter '' , this serial killer targets prostitutes and leaves their bodies severed and bloodless . At the same time , Dexter 's foster sister , Debra Morgan ( Jennifer Carpenter ) , a vice squad officer , aspires to work in the homicide department , and Dexter 's girlfriend , Rita Bennett ( Julie Benz ) , wants their relationship to be more intimate . Christian Camargo appears as Rudy Cooper and is a recurring character until the end of the season . The show 's first season received generally favorable reviews from critics ; it was praised as `` bold , different and exciting , with a central character and performance that take your breath away '' by the New York Daily News . The Wall Street Journal saw `` the grotesqueries of Dexter '' as `` not something that can easily be dismissed with the old '' ` you do n't have to watch ' line '' , and concluded that `` We do have to live among the viewers who will be desensitized , or aroused , by this show '' . The aggregate site Metacritic scored the show 's first season at 77 out of 100 based on 27 critics reviews . The season received high ratings for Showtime ; the pilot episode attracted more than a million viewers , giving the channel its highest ratings in nearly two years , while the finale `` Born Free '' drew an audience of 1.1 million viewers in the U.S. On average , the season was watched by two million viewers per episode during its original run when factoring in DVR viewers . Due to the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild strike and encouraged by the show 's critical success and high ratings on Showtime , CBS , a national terrestrial broadcast network , announced in December 2007 that it was considering airing an edited version of the first season of Dexter for free-to-air broadcast . It began to broadcast it on February 17 , 2008 , and thus , Dexter became the first program in 20 years to air on a broadcast network after being shown on a premium cable channel . During the show 's rerun on the CBS network in 2008 , the ratings were much higher , reaching 8.2 million viewers during its premiere February , giving the network its best rating in the 10 p.m. timeslot since December the previous year . During its 12-week run , it dropped to 7.1 million in early April , and to 6.6 million during the season 's finale on May 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b55ae1bb90bd58ec195c47a4f06c6bc", "text": "Cold Stones `` Cold Stones '' is the seventy-sixth episode of the HBO original series The Sopranos and the eleventh of the show 's sixth season . It was written by Diane Frolov , Andrew Schneider and David Chase , directed by Tim Van Patten and originally aired on May 21 , 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7bfc8c83bab3446c5682373fb9cee09", "text": "1977–78 United States network television schedule This was the television schedule on all three United States television networks for the fall season beginning in September 1977 . All times are Eastern and Pacific . New fall series are highlighted in bold . Series ending their original runs are in italics . Each of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research . Yellow indicates the programs in the top 10 for the season . Cyan indicates the programs in the top 20 for the season . Magenta indicates the programs in the top 30 for the season . PBS , the Public Broadcasting Service , was in operation , but the schedule was set by each local station . On ABC , debuting news brief , airs all seven nights at 9:58 , pm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c0c89fd36b2d63534aa5441174b0424", "text": "The Walking Dead (season 7) The seventh season of The Walking Dead , an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC , premiered on October 23 , 2016 , and concluded on April 2 , 2017 , consisting of 16 episodes . Developed for television by Frank Darabont , the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman , Tony Moore , and Charlie Adlard . The executive producers are Kirkman , David Alpert , Scott M. Gimple , Greg Nicotero , Tom Luse , and Gale Anne Hurd , with Gimple as showrunner for the fourth consecutive season . The seventh season received generally positive reviews by critics . It is currently nominated for multiple awards , including Best Horror Television Series , at the 43rd Saturn Awards . This season adapts material from issues # 100 -- 114 of the comic book series and introduces notable comic characters Ezekiel ( Khary Payton ) and his pet Bengal tiger , Shiva , including more survivor communities : the Kingdom , the Sanctuary , Oceanside , and the Scavengers . Immediately continuing the events of last season 's cliffhanger , the season continues the story of Rick Grimes ( Andrew Lincoln ) and his group of survivors , who now find themselves brutally overpowered and kneeling helplessly before Negan ( Jeffrey Dean Morgan ) and the Saviors , as they experience a daunting and life-changing confrontation . What Negan does will haunt and change the lives of those who survive forever . The first half of the season focuses on the group , after suffering a heavy loss , gradually coming to terms under the rule of Negan and their struggle to obey his orders . The second half of the season focuses on the group building an army with like-minded communities to prepare for all-out war against the Saviors .", "title": "" } ]	fever
79ed306dd051e07ffb1b7b77df308357	England became the first industrialized nation.	[ { "docid": "0109b5c59a7441459e8ebe62725b1004", "text": "England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west . The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain ( which lies in the North Atlantic ) in its centre and south ; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly , and the Isle of Wight . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law -- the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world -- developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there are uplands in the north ( for example , the mountainous Lake District , and the Pennines ) and in the southwest ( for example , Dartmoor and the Cotswolds ) . The capital is London , which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union.According to the European Statistical Agency , London is the largest Larger Urban Zone in the EU , a measure of metropolitan area which comprises a city 's urban core as well as its surrounding commuting zone . London 's municipal population is also the largest in the EU . England 's population of over 53 million comprises 84 % of the population of the United Kingdom , largely concentrated around London , the South East , and conurbations in the Midlands , the North West , the North East , and Yorkshire , which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century . The Kingdom of England -- which after 1535 included Wales -- ceased being a separate sovereign state on 1 May 1707 , when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year , resulting in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain . In 1801 , Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "00f6761ed406828c058fa7a6e431ea03", "text": "List of English inventions and discoveries English inventions and discoveries are objects , processes or techniques invented or discovered , partially or entirely , by a person from England . ( That is , someone born in England - including to non-English parents - or born abroad with at least one English parent and who had the majority of their education or career in England . ) Often , things discovered for the first time are also called inventions and in many cases , there is no clear line between the two . The following is a list of inventions or discoveries known or generally recognised to be English .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca83c2d7b16cc8fb1b88a8d89aa09ef2", "text": "United Kingdom company law The United Kingdom company law regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006 . Also governed by the Insolvency Act 1986 , the UK Corporate Governance Code , European Union Directives and court cases , the company is the primary legal vehicle to organise and run business . Tracing their modern history to the late Industrial Revolution , public companies now employ more people and generate more of wealth in the United Kingdom economy than any other form of organisation . The United Kingdom was the first country to draft modern corporation statutes , where through a simple registration procedure any investors could incorporate , limit liability to their commercial creditors in the event of business insolvency , and where management was delegated to a centralised board of directors . An influential model within Europe , the Commonwealth and as an international standard setter , UK law has always given people broad freedom to design the internal company rules , so long as the mandatory minimum rights of investors under its legislation are complied with . Company law , or corporate law , can be broken down into two main fields . Corporate governance in the UK mediates the rights and duties among shareholders , employees , creditors and directors . Since the board of directors habitually possesses the power to manage the business under a company constitution , a central theme is what mechanisms exist to ensure directors ' accountability . UK law is `` shareholder friendly '' in that shareholders , to the exclusion of employees , typically exercise sole voting rights in the general meeting . The general meeting holds a series of minimum rights to change the company constitution , issue resolutions and remove members of the board . In turn , directors owe a set of duties to their companies . Directors must carry out their responsibilities with competence , in good faith and undivided loyalty to the enterprise . If the mechanisms of voting do not prove enough , particularly for minority shareholders , directors ' duties and other member rights may be vindicated in court . Of central importance in public and listed companies is the securities market , typified by the London Stock Exchange . Through the Takeover Code the UK strongly protects the right of shareholders to be treated equally and freely trade their shares . Corporate finance concerns the two money raising options for limited companies . Equity finance involves the traditional method of issuing shares to build up a company 's capital . Shares can contain any rights the company and purchaser wish to contract for , but generally grant the right to participate in dividends after a company earns profits and the right to vote in company affairs . A purchaser of shares is helped to make an informed decision directly by prospectus requirements of full disclosure , and indirectly through restrictions on financial assistance by companies for purchase of their own shares . Debt finance means getting loans , usually for the price of a fixed annual interest repayment . Sophisticated lenders , such as banks typically contract for a security interest over the assets of a company , so that in the event of default on loan repayments they may seize the company 's property directly to satisfy debts . Creditors are also , to some extent , protected by courts ' power to set aside unfair transactions before a company goes under , or recoup money from negligent directors engaged in wrongful trading . If a company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due , UK insolvency law requires an administrator to attempt a rescue of the company ( if the company itself has the assets to pay for this ) . If rescue proves impossible , a company 's life ends when its assets are liquidated , distributed to creditors and the company is struck off the register . If a company becomes insolvent with no assets it can be wound up by a creditor , for a fee ( not that common ) , or more commonly by the tax creditor ( HMRC ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1488eef2f350a3e200af1008da95602d", "text": "Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet : the House of Lancaster ( associated with a red rose ) , and the House of York ( whose symbol was a white rose ) . The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487 ; however , there was fighting before and after this period between the houses . The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years ' War , combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of Henry VI which revived interest in Richard of York 's claim to the throne . Historians disagree about whether the Wars of the Roses were caused by the structural problems of bastard feudalism or Henry VI 's ineffectiveness as king . With the Duke of York 's death , the claim transferred to his heir , Edward , who later became the first Yorkist king of England , as Edward IV . His son reigned for 86 days as Edward V , but Parliament then decided that Edward and his brother Richard were illegitimate and offered the crown to Edward IV 's younger brother , who became Richard III . The two young princes disappeared within the confines of the Tower of London . The final victory went to a claimant of the Lancastrian party , Henry Tudor , Earl of Richmond , who defeated the last Yorkist king , Richard III , at the Battle of Bosworth Field . After assuming the throne as Henry VII , he married Elizabeth of York , the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV , thereby uniting the two claims . The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603 , with the death of Elizabeth I , granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "704f7f071d2cf89a82b358dca0166e4d", "text": "Culture of New England The culture of New England comprises a shared heritage and culture primarily shaped by its indigenous peoples , early English colonists , and waves of immigration from Europe , Asia , Africa , and the Americas . In contrast to other American regions , many of New England 's earliest Puritan settlers came from eastern England , contributing to New England 's distinctive accents , foods , customs , and social structures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db71500e06f203cc8fcd279a14356c83", "text": "Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years ' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet , rulers of the Kingdom of England , against the House of Valois , rulers of the Kingdom of France , over the succession of the French throne . Each side drew many allies into the war . It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages , in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe . The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline , and the development of strong national identities in both countries . After the Norman Conquest , the kings of England were vassals of the kings of France for their possessions in France . The French kings had endeavored , over the centuries , to reduce these possessions , to the effect that only Gascony was left to the English . The confiscation or threat of confiscating this duchy had been part of French policy to check the growth of English power , particularly whenever the English were at war with the Kingdom of Scotland , an ally of France . Through his mother , Isabella of France , Edward III of England was the grandson of Philip IV of France and nephew of Charles IV of France , the last king of the senior line of the House of Capet . In 1316 , a principle was established denying women succession to the French throne . When Charles IV died in 1328 , Isabella , unable to claim the French throne for herself , claimed it for her son . The French rejected the claim , maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right that she did not possess . For about nine years ( 1328 -- 1337 ) , the English had accepted the Valois succession to the French throne , but the interference of the French king , Philip VI , in Edward III 's war against Scotland permitted Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne . Several overwhelming English victories in the war -- especially at Crecy , Poitiers , and Agincourt -- raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph . However , the greater resources of the French monarchy precluded a complete conquest . Starting in 1429 , decisive French victories at Orléans , Patay , Formigny , and Castillon concluded the war in favour of France , with England permanently losing most of its major possessions on the continent . Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces : the Edwardian Era War ( 1337 -- 1360 ) ; the Caroline War ( 1369 -- 1389 ) ; and the Lancastrian War ( 1415 -- 1453 ) . Local conflicts in neighbouring areas , which were contemporarily related to the war , including the War of the Breton Succession ( 1341 -- 1364 ) , the Castilian Civil War ( 1366 -- 1369 ) , the War of the Two Peters ( 1356 -- 1375 ) in Aragon , and the 1383 -- 85 Crisis in Portugal , were availed by the parties to advance their agendas . Later historians adopted the term `` Hundred Years ' War '' as a historiography periodization to encompass all of these events , thus constructing the longest military conflict in European history . The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors . By its end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies . Although primarily a dynastic conflict , the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism . The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important . The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare . With respect to the belligerents , in France , civil wars , deadly epidemics , famines , and bandit free-companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically . English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture . The dissatisfaction of English nobles , resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings , became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 -- 1487 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4598e8a6e459d06b2ea189171d5d5e7e", "text": "Early modern Europe Early modern Europe is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution , roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century . Historians variously mark the beginning of the early modern period with the invention of moveable type printing in the 1450s , the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 , the end of the Wars of the Roses in 1487 , the beginning of the High Renaissance in Italy in the 1490s , the end of the Reconquista and subsequent voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492 , or the start of the Protestant Reformation in 1517 . The precise dates of its end point also vary and are usually linked with either the start of the French Revolution in 1789 or with the more vaguely defined beginning of the Industrial Revolution in late 18th century Britain . Some of the more notable trends and events of the early modern period included the Reformation and the religious conflicts it provoked ( including the French Wars of Religion and the Thirty Years ' War ) , the rise of capitalism and modern nation states , and European colonization of the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b399ac07911fa1381a24145a78644c99", "text": "Colonial period of South Carolina The history of the colonial period of South Carolina focuses on the English colonization that created one of the original Thirteen Colonies . Major settlement began after 1651 as the northern half of the British colony of Carolina attracted frontiersmen from Pennsylvania and Virginia , while the southern parts were populated by wealthy English planters who set up large plantations dependent on slave labor , for the cultivation of cotton , rice , and indigo . The colony was separated into the Province of South Carolina and the Province of North Carolina in 1712 . South Carolina 's capital city of Charleston became a major port for traffic on the Atlantic Ocean , and South Carolina developed indigo , rice and Sea Island cotton as commodity crop exports , making it one of the most prosperous of the colonies . A strong colonial government fought wars with the local Indians , and with Spanish imperial outposts in Florida , while fending off the threat of pirates . Birth rates were high , food was abundant , and these offset the disease environment of malaria to produce rapid population growth among whites . With the expansion of plantation agriculture , the colony imported numerous African slaves , who comprised a majority of the population by 1708 . They were integral to its development . The colony developed a system of laws and self-government and a growing commitment to Republicanism , which patriots feared was threatened by the British Empire after 1765 . At the same time , men with close commercial and political ties to Great Britain tended to be Loyalists when the revolution broke out . South Carolina joined the American Revolution in 1775 , but was bitterly divided between Patriots and Loyalists . The British invaded in 1780 and captured most of the state , but were finally driven out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3a0132c80841796f26f0c293293b080", "text": "18th century The 18th century lasted from January 1 , 1701 to December 31 , 1800 in the Gregorian calendar . During the 18th century , the Enlightenment culminated in the French and American revolutions . Philosophy and science increased in prominence . Philosophers dreamed of a brighter age . This dream turned into a reality with the French Revolution of 1789 - , though later compromised by the excesses of the Reign of Terror ( 1793-1794 ) under Maximilien Robespierre . At first , many monarchies of Europe embraced Enlightenment ideals , but with the French Revolution they feared losing their power and formed broad coalitions for the counter-revolution . The Ottoman Empire experienced an unprecedented period of peace and economic expansion , taking part in no European wars from 1740 to 1768 . As a consequence the empire did not share in Europe 's military improvements during the Seven Years ' War ( 1756-1763 ) , causing its military to fall behind and suffer defeats against Russia in the second half of the century . The 18th century also marked the end of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth as an independent state . The once-powerful and vast kingdom , which had once conquered Moscow and defeated great Ottoman armies , collapsed under numerous invasions . Its semi-democratic government system was not robust enough to rival the neighboring monarchies of the Kingdom of Prussia , the Russian Empire and the Archduchy of Austria which divided the Commonwealth territories between themselves , changing the landscape of Central European politics for the next hundred years . European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as the Age of Sail continued . Great Britain became a major power worldwide with the defeat of France in North America in the 1760s and the conquest of large parts of India . However , Britain lost many of its North American colonies after the American Revolution , which resulted in the formation of the newly independent United States of America . The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the 1770s with the production of the improved steam engine . Despite its modest beginnings in the 18th century , steam-powered machinery would radically change human society and the environment . Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work . For example , the `` short '' 18th century may be defined as 1715 -- 1789 , denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution , with an emphasis on directly interconnected events . To historians who expand the century to include larger historical movements , the `` long '' 18th century may run from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 or even later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d293adf9c515215c8eab68ee0055947e", "text": "History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil . Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States . Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets . Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year . Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) . Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d512412fcd5668d2e33f473438fe519d", "text": "Industrial school In England , the 1857 Industrial Schools Act was intended to solve problems of juvenile vagrancy , by removing poor and neglected children from their home environment to a boarding school . The Act allowed magistrates to send disorderly children to a residential industrial school . An 1876 Act led to non-residential day schools of a similar kind . There were similar arrangements in Scotland , where the Industrial Schools Act came into force in 1866 . The schools cared for neglected children and taught them a trade , with an emphasis on preventing crime . Glasgow Industrial School for Girls is an example formed in 1882 . They were distinct from reformatories set up under the 1854 Youthful Offenders Act ( the Reformatory Schools Act ) which included an element of punishment . Both agreed in 1927 to call themselves approved schools . In Ireland , the Industrial Schools Act of 1868 established industrial schools ( scoileanna saothair ) to care for `` neglected , orphaned and abandoned children '' . By 1884 there were 5,049 children in such institutions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64a5ab226b0aae2ce2de7c2a00b52bd7", "text": "Faversham explosives industry The Faversham explosives industry : Faversham , in Kent , England , has claims to be the cradle of the UK 's explosives industry : it was also to become one of its main centres . The first gunpowder plant in the UK was established in the 16th century , possibly at the instigation of Faversham Abbey . With their estates and endowments , monasteries were keen to invest in promising technology . Faversham was well-placed . It had a stream which could be dammed at intervals to provide power for watermills . On its outskirts were low-lying areas ideal for the culture of alder and willow to provide charcoal -- one of the three key gunpowder ingredients . The stream fed into a tidal creek where sulphur , another key ingredient , could be imported , and the finished product loaded for dispatch to Thames-side magazines . The port was also near the Continent where in warfare demand for gunpowder was brisk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b8a2da7d2c76af7c1b05c8dc7c9e959", "text": "History of the United States The date of the start of the history of the United States is a subject of debate among historians . Older textbooks start with the arrival of Christopher Columbus on October 12 , 1492 and emphasize the European background of the colonization of the Americas , or they start around 1600 and emphasize the American frontier . In recent decades American schools and universities typically have shifted back in time to include more on the colonial period and much more on the prehistory of the Native Americans . Indigenous people lived in what is now the United States for thousands of years before European colonists began to arrive , mostly from England , after 1600 . The Spanish built small settlements in Florida and the Southwest , and the French along the Mississippi River and the Gulf Coast . By the 1770s , thirteen British colonies contained two and a half million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachian Mountains . After the end of the French and Indian Wars in the 1760s , the British government imposed a series of new taxes , rejecting the colonists ' argument that any new taxes had to be approved by them ( see Stamp Act 1765 ) . Tax resistance , especially the Boston Tea Party ( 1773 ) , led to punitive laws ( the Intolerable Acts ) by Parliament designed to end self-government in Massachusetts . American Patriots ( as they called themselves ) adhered to a political ideology called republicanism that emphasized civic duty , virtue , and opposition to corruption , fancy luxuries and aristocracy . Armed conflict began in 1775 as Patriots drove the royal officials out of every colony and assembled in mass meetings and conventions . In 1776 , the Second Continental Congress declared that there was a new , independent nation , the United States of America , not just a collection of disparate colonies . With large-scale military and financial support from France and the military leadership of General George Washington , the American Patriots won the Revolutionary War . The peace treaty of 1783 gave the new nation the land east of the Mississippi River ( except Florida and Canada ) . The central government established by the Articles of Confederation proved ineffectual at providing stability , as it had no authority to collect taxes and had no executive officer . Congress called a convention to meet secretly in Philadelphia in 1787 . It wrote a new Constitution , which was adopted in 1789 . In 1791 , a Bill of Rights was added to guarantee inalienable rights . With Washington as the first president and Alexander Hamilton his chief political and financial adviser , a strong central government was created . When Thomas Jefferson became president he purchased the Louisiana Territory from France , doubling the size of the United States . A second and final war with Britain was fought in 1812 . Encouraged by the notion of Manifest Destiny , federal territory expanded all the way to the Pacific . The U.S. always was large in terms of area , but its population was small , only 4 million in 1790 . Population growth was rapid , reaching 7.2 million in 1810 , 32 million in 1860 , 76 million in 1900 , 132 million in 1940 , and 321 million in 2015 . Economic growth in terms of overall GDP was even faster . However , compared to European powers , the nation 's military strength was relatively limited in peacetime before 1940 . The expansion was driven by a quest for inexpensive land for yeoman farmers and slave owners . The expansion of slavery was increasingly controversial and fueled political and constitutional battles , which were resolved by compromises . Slavery was abolished in all states north of the Mason -- Dixon line by 1804 , but the South continued to profit off the institution , producing high-value cotton exports to feed increasing high demand in Europe . The 1860 presidential election of Republican Abraham Lincoln was on a platform of ending the expansion of slavery and putting it on a path to extinction . Seven cotton-based deep South slave states seceded and later founded the Confederacy four months before Lincoln 's inauguration . No nation ever recognized the Confederacy , but it opened the war by attacking Fort Sumter in 1861 . A surge of nationalist outrage in the North fueled a long , intense American Civil War ( 1861 -- 1865 ) . It was fought largely in the South as the overwhelming material and manpower advantages of the North proved decisive in a long war . The war 's result was restoration of the Union , the impoverishment of the South , and the abolition of slavery . In the Reconstruction era ( 1863 -- 1877 ) , legal and voting rights were extended to the freed slave . The national government emerged much stronger , and because of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 , it gained the explicit duty to protect individual rights . However , when white Democrats regained their power in the South during the 1870s , often by paramilitary suppression of voting , they passed Jim Crow laws to maintain white supremacy , and new disfranchising constitutions that prevented most African Americans and many poor whites from voting , a situation that continued for decades until gains of the civil rights movement in the 1960s and passage of federal legislation to enforce constitutional rights . The United States became the world 's leading industrial power at the turn of the 20th century due to an outburst of entrepreneurship in the Northeast and Midwest and the arrival of millions of immigrant workers and farmers from Europe . The national railroad network was completed with the work of Chinese immigrants and large-scale mining and factories industrialized the Northeast and Midwest . Mass dissatisfaction with corruption , inefficiency and traditional politics stimulated the Progressive movement , from the 1890s to 1920s , which led to many social and political reforms . In 1920 , the 19th Amendment to the Constitution guaranteed women 's suffrage ( right to vote ) . This followed the 16th and 17th amendments in 1913 , which established the first national income tax and direct election of US senators to Congress . Initially neutral during World War I , the US declared war on Germany in 1917 and later funded the Allied victory the following year . After a prosperous decade in the 1920s , the Wall Street Crash of 1929 marked the onset of the decade-long worldwide Great Depression . Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt ended the Republican dominance of the White House and implemented his New Deal programs for relief , recovery , and reform . The New Deal , which defined modern American liberalism , included relief for the unemployed , support for farmers , Social Security and a minimum wage . After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , the United States entered World War II along with Britain , the Soviet Union , China , and the smaller number of Allied nations . The U.S. financed the Allied war effort and helped defeat Nazi Germany in the European theater . Its involvement culminated in using the newly invented nuclear weapons on Japanese cities that helped defeat Imperial Japan in the Pacific theater . The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as rival superpowers after World War II . During the Cold War , the US and the USSR confronted each other indirectly in the arms race , the Space Race , proxy wars , and propaganda campaigns . US foreign policy during the Cold War was built around the support of Western Europe and Japan along with the policy of containment , stopping the spread of communism . The US joined the wars in Korea and Vietnam to try to stop its spread . In the 1960s , in large part due to the strength of the civil rights movement , another wave of social reforms were enacted by enforcing the constitutional rights of voting and freedom of movement to African-Americans and other racial minorities . Native American activism also rose . The Cold War ended when the Soviet Union officially dissolved in 1991 , leaving the United States as the world 's only superpower . After the Cold War , the United States focused on international conflicts around the Middle East in response to the Gulf War in the early 1990s . The beginning of the 21st century saw the September 11 attacks by Al-Qaeda in 2001 , which would later followed by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan . In 2008 , the United States had its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression , which has been followed by slower than usual rates of economic growth during the 2010s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3355cc11fdbd6d4ac381c051f9bd30e9", "text": "Dual revolution The Dual Revolution was a term first coined by Eric Hobsbawm . It refers specifically to the time period between 1789 and 1848 in which the political and ideological changes of the French Revolution fused with and reinforced the technological and economic changes of the Industrial Revolution . The French Revolution , inspired by the ideals of Enlightenment philosophy , spread ideas of Democracy , Nationalism , and Liberalism . These political ideas were fused with the new technological advances of the industrial revolution such as the spinning jenny , steam engines , and the puddling process . With the defeat of the French Revolution and subsequently the Congress of Vienna , Metternich constructed a balance of power in Europe that would prevent one country from gaining too much power . This set the framework for a strong conservative , reactionary stance against the ideas of nationalism and liberalism spread by the dual revolution . The Holy Alliance , formed by Austria , Prussia and Russia in September 1815 became a symbol of oppression to the ideas spread by the Dual Revolution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70e38c247af90cc27f22849d86c77828", "text": "Geography of London London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom , located in southeastern Great Britain . The London region covers an area of 1579 km2 , and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre . A larger area , referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8382 km2 , and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre . London is a port on the Thames ( see main article Port of London ) , a navigable river . The river has had a major influence on the development of the city . London began on the Thames ' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames . For many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city . When more bridges were built in the 18th century , the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38fe1d90daf361506a260ac3ab3b0191", "text": "Church of England The Church of England ( C of E ) is the state church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury ( currently Justin Welby ) is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It dates its establishment as a national church to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in the 1530s . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course whereby the English church was to be both Catholic and Reformed : Catholic in that it views itself as a part of the universal church of Jesus Christ in unbroken continuity with the early apostolic church . This is expressed in its emphasis on the teachings of the early Church Fathers , as formalised in the Apostles ' , Nicene , and Athanasian creeds . Reformed in that it has been shaped by some of the doctrinal principles of the 16th-century Protestant Reformation , in particular in the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion and the Book of Common Prayer . In the earlier phase of the English Reformation there were both Catholic martyrs and radical Protestant martyrs . The later phases saw the Penal Laws punish Roman Catholic and nonconforming Protestants . In the 17th century , political and religious disputes raised the Puritan and Presbyterian faction to control of the church , but this ended with the Restoration . Papal recognition of George III in 1766 led to greater religious tolerance . Since the English Reformation , the Church of England has used a liturgy in English . The church contains several doctrinal strands , the main three known as Anglo-Catholic , Evangelical and Broad Church . Tensions between theological conservatives and progressives find expression in debates over the ordination of women and homosexuality . The church includes both liberal and conservative clergy and members . The governing structure of the church is based on dioceses , each presided over by a bishop . Within each diocese are local parishes . The General Synod of the Church of England is the legislative body for the church and comprises bishops , other clergy and laity . Its measures must be approved by both Houses of Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6e8c6bbd8884f9248dbb0048235a30d", "text": "History of education in England The history of education in England can be documented to the Anglo-Saxons ' settlement of England . During the Middle Ages , schools were established to teach Latin grammar to the sons of the aristocracy , as part of preparation also for the entry of some into the clergy and religious orders . The church preserved literacy and learning during this period , and education was closely tied to the religious vocation , in order to read the Bible and related documents . Apprenticeship was the main way for youths to enter practical occupations . Two universities were established in affiliation with the church : the University of Oxford , followed by the University of Cambridge , both related closely to training for clergy . A reformed system of `` free grammar schools '' was established in the reign of Edward VI . The Protestant Reformation had a major influence on education and literacy in England , as it encouraged the reading of the Bible in the vernacular of the people . ( Formerly , the Bible was printed only in Latin , the official language of the Catholic Church . ) Counties in the east of England , which had frequent interaction with the Low Countries , where the Reformation movement had flourished , developed a higher rate of literacy in the early years of the Reformation than did other areas of England . In the 19th century the Church of England sponsored most formal education until the government established free , compulsory education towards the end of that century . University College London was established as the first secular college in England , open to students of all religions ( or none , ) followed by King 's College London ; the two institutions formed the University of London . Durham University was also established in the early nineteenth century . Towards the end of the century , the `` redbrick '' universities , new public universities , were founded . The 1944 Education Act established the Tripartite System of grammar schools and secondary modern schools . The school leaving age was raised to 16 in 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0f6518d4e0da04978572b3af63fec48", "text": "First Anglo-Dutch War Dates in this article are given in the Gregorian calendar , then ten days ahead of the Julian calendar in use in England . The First Anglo-Dutch War ( Eerste Engels-Nederlandse oorlog ) ( 1652 -- 54 ) was a conflict fought entirely at sea between the navies of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces of the Netherlands . Caused by disputes over trade , the war began with English attacks on Dutch merchant shipping , but expanded to vast fleet actions . Ultimately , it resulted in the English Navy gaining control of the seas around England , and forced the Dutch to accept an English monopoly on trade with England and her colonies . It was the first of the Anglo-Dutch Wars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d89ef6b87faa9631d85f5b1c785cf156", "text": "Dutch East India Company The United East India Company or the United East Indian Company , also known as the United East Indies Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie in modern spelling ; VOC ) , referred to by the British as the Dutch East India Company , or sometimes known as the Dutch East Indies Company , was originally established as a chartered company in 1602 , when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on the Dutch spice trade . It is often considered to be the world 's first truly transnational corporation and the first company in history to issue bonds and shares of stock to the general public . In other words , the VOC was officially the first publicly traded company of the world , because it was the first company to be ever actually listed on an official stock exchange . As the first historical model of the quasi-fictional concept of the megacorporation , the VOC possessed quasi-governmental powers , including the ability to wage war , imprison and execute convicts , negotiate treaties , strike its own coins , and establish colonies . The company was also considered by many to be the very first major and the most successful corporation in history . Statistically , the VOC eclipsed all of its rivals in international trade for almost 200 years of existence . Between 1602 and 1796 the VOC sent almost a million Europeans to work in the Asia trade on 4,785 ships , and netted for their efforts more than 2.5 million tons of Asian trade goods . By contrast , the rest of Europe combined sent only 882,412 people from 1500 to 1795 , and the fleet of the English ( later British ) East India Company , the VOC 's nearest competitor , was a distant second to its total traffic with 2,690 ships and a mere one-fifth the tonnage of goods carried by the VOC . The VOC enjoyed huge profits from its spice monopoly through most of the 17th century . Having been set up in 1602 , to profit from the Malukan spice trade , in 1619 the VOC established a capital in the port city of Jayakarta , changing the name to Batavia ( now Jakarta ) . Over the next two centuries the Company acquired additional ports as trading bases and safeguarded their interests by taking over surrounding territory . It remained an important trading concern and paid an 18 % annual dividend for almost 200 years . Due to structural changes , the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War and French invasion of the Netherlands , the company was nationalised in 1800 , its possessions and the debt being taken over by the government of the Dutch Batavian Republic . The VOC 's territories became the Dutch East Indies and were expanded over the course of the 19thcentury to include the whole of the Indonesian archipelago , which would later become the modern Republic of Indonesia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42edafb91d0d6bf41db9f8d91a17212c", "text": "Kingdom of Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain , officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800 . The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706 , ratified by the Acts of Union 1707 , which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands . It did not include Ireland , which remained a separate realm . The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster . The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI , King of Scots , became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I , bringing about a `` Union of the Crowns '' . Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 , the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover . The early years of the unified kingdom were marked by Jacobite risings which ended in defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746 . Later on in 1763 , victory in the Seven Years ' War led to the dominance of the British Empire , which was to become the foremost global power for over a century and later grew to become the largest empire in history . On 1 January 1801 , the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland were merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 , five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom and the state was renamed the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '' -- a title it has retained to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ea9c7a6519e8764b8ce6f6a559f886", "text": "France France ( -LSB- fʁɑ̃s -RSB- ) , officially the French Republic ( -LSB- ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . France spans 643801 km2 and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome , which held Gaul until 486 , when the Germanic Franks conquered the region and formed the Kingdom of France . France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , with its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 to 1453 ) strengthening state-building and political centralisation . During the Renaissance , French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established , which by the 20th century would be the second largest in the world . The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots ) . France became Europe 's dominant cultural , political , and military power under Louis XIV . In the late 18th century , the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy , established one of modern history 's earliest republics , and saw the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , which expresses the nation 's ideals to this day . In the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire , whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe . Following the collapse of the Empire , France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870 . France was a major participant in the First World War , from which it emerged victorious , and was one of the Allied Powers in the Second World War , but came under occupation by the Axis Powers in 1940 . Following liberation in 1944 , a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War . The Fifth Republic , led by Charles de Gaulle , was formed in 1958 and remains to this day . Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s and typically retained close economic and military connections with France . France has long been a global centre of art , science , and philosophy . It hosts Europe 's fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually , the most of any country in the world . France is a developed country with the world 's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity . In terms of aggregate household wealth , it ranks fourth in the world . France performs well in international rankings of education , health care , life expectancy , and human development . France remains a great power in the world , being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state . It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone . It is also a member of the Group of 7 , North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) , and La Francophonie .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1502cbc14516d7475054d47a68af6fbe	Anna Paquin was unable to perform the role of Flora McGrath.	[ { "docid": "80277c154224732c9e2838513adbf508", "text": "Anna Paquin Anna Helene Paquin ( -LSB- ˈpækwɪn -RSB- born 24 July 1982 ) is a Canadian-born New Zealand actress . Born in Manitoba and brought up in Wellington , New Zealand , Paquin studied at Hutt Intermediate School and the Wellington Girls ' College in New Zealand before moving to Los Angeles during her youth where she studied at Windward School and went on to complete a year at Columbia University before leaving post-secondary to focus on her acting career . As a child , she beat 5000 candidates for the role of Flora McGrath in Jane Campion 's romantic drama film The Piano ( 1993 ) , despite having had little to no acting experience prior to getting the role . For her performance , she received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at the age of 11 , making her the second-youngest Academy Award winner in Oscar history . Paquin went on to become a successful child actress , receiving multiple Young Artist Award nominations for her roles in Fly Away Home ( 1996 ) , The Member of the Wedding ( 1997 ) , and A Walk on the Moon ( 1999 ) , and was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture for appearing in Cameron Crowe 's comedy-drama film Almost Famous ( 2000 ) . She played mutant superheroine Rogue in multiple films of the X-Men franchise and was nominated for a Saturn Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performance in the first instalment . Paquin is also known for playing the lead role of Sookie Stackhouse in the HBO vampire drama television series True Blood ( 2008 -- 2014 ) . For her performance in the series , Paquin won the Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series -- Drama in 2009 and was nominated for an additional Golden Globe Award in 2010 , as well as three Saturn Awards and a Screen Actors Guild Award in 2010 . Among other accolades , Paquin has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award , a Golden Globe Award , and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her work on the 2007 television film Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee and a Golden Globe Award for her work on the 2009 television film The Courageous Heart of Irena Sendler . Paquin has been married since 2010 to actor Stephen Moyer , with whom she has two children .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1ae1b6ac2c9c1574f339b13b0c83e85b", "text": "Thérèse Raquin (1928 film) Thérèse Raquin is a 1928 drama film directed by Jacques Feyder . It is the third silent film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Émile Zola . The film stars Gina Manès as Thérèse Raquin , Wolfgang Zilzer as Monsieur Raquin , and Jeanne Marie Laurent as Madame Raquin . The décors of the Paris suburbs for the film were built by André Andrejew . The film was produced by Deutsche Film Union in Germany , with German and French actors , in a French-German co-production , to be later released at the same time in France as Thérèse Raquin and Germany as Du sollst nicht ehebrechen ! . As no words were spoken , both versions differed only with the language of intertitles . The British title at the time of the film 's original release was Thou Shalt Not . This is last silent film imports distributed by Warner Bros. ' newly acquired First National subsidiary . No dialong with music score and sound effects . Thérèse Raquin is now considered a lost film , and only some production stills have survived .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bde28e50ca5095d210937469dfe660a", "text": "Alternative Miss Ireland The Alternative Miss Ireland ( AMI ) was an annual gay event which took place in Dublin , Ireland , on the Sunday closest to St. Patrick 's Day , 17 March . It occurred over three-and-a-half hours and featured a pastiche of the beauty pageant rounds inspired by Andrew Logan 's Alternative Miss World , with day-wear , swimwear and evening-wear rounds . It is commonly shortened to AMI , both as its initials and a wordplay on the French for `` friend '' . It began in 1987 and ended in 2012 . The event promotional material states : `` Alternative Miss Ireland ( AMI ) is an annual beauty pageant that is open to men , women and animals . It is also a non-profit collective dedicated to raising money for Irish HIV/AIDS organisations ( over $ 235,000.00 raised since 1996 ) . '' It features on the front cover each year of the March issue of Gay Community News magazine and is the highlight of Ireland 's calendar of gay-themed events . Coverage by mainstream news media is muted , possibly because it clashes with reporting of St. Patrick 's Day , with occasional pieces in The Irish Times , and a documentary A Bit of the Other commissioned by RTÉ television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84f4149ab4f770b67c98e12ee69cd23f", "text": "Cactus Flower (play) Cactus Flower is a farce by Abe Burrows . It played for years on Broadway before being adapted by I.A.L. Diamond into a 1969 feature film directed by Gene Saks . Based on the play Fleur de cactus by Pierre Barillet and Jean-Pierre Gredy , the comedy focuses on the relationship between young , wild Toni and her older , married lover Julian , a dentist . Convinced the two have no future together , Toni attempts suicide , and a guilt-ridden Julian rashly proposes he leave his wife so the couple can be together . However , Julian has never revealed to Toni that his `` marriage '' is actually an elaborate lie concocted to keep Toni at arm 's length . Toni refuses to break up his household without first meeting and talking with Julian 's soon-to-be-ex , so Julian enlists the aid of his shy spinster assistant Stephanie to pose as his non-existent wife . Complications arise when Toni decides the two must find her a new beau so everyone concerned can live happily ever after . After two previews , the Broadway production , directed by Burrows , opened on December 8 , 1965 at the Royale Theatre , where it ran for two years and nine months before transferring to the Longacre , for a total run of 1234 performances , ending on November 23 , 1968 . The original cast included Lauren Bacall , Barry Nelson , Brenda Vaccaro , and Burt Brinckerhoff . Lloyd Bridges , Kevin McCarthy , and Betsy Palmer were replacements later in the run . Both Vaccaro and Brinckerhoff were nominated for Tony Awards for their featured performances . Later adapted for film as : Cactus Flower with Walter Matthau , Ingrid Bergman and Goldie Hawn ( for which Hawn won an Academy Award ) and again in 2011 , as Just Go With It starring Adam Sandler , Jennifer Aniston and Brooklyn Decker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8e504967d13d5d0a19baa11920c612f", "text": "Anna Cymmerman Anna Cymmerman is a Polish operatic soprano . She studied at the Academy of Music in Łódź where she majored in Vocal Acting and Performance and graduated with honors in June , 2000 . While a student , she debuted as a soloist in the Grand Theatre , Łódź . There , she performed in Polish as Blanche in Poulenc 's Dialogues of the Carmelites directed by Christopher Kelm . Her performance was appreciated both by critics and viewers . She won a competition whose judges included Ewa Podleś and Andrzej Drabowicz . She has since performed in opera productions in Austria , Denmark , Holland , and Germany . Her performance in Karol Szymanowski 's Stabat Mater at Chicago 's International Music Theater was considered a great success . Cymmerman 's repertoire of leading roles includes Elvira in Verdi 's Ernani ; the Second Lady in Mozart 's The Magic Flute ( touring to Germany , Denmark , Netherlands , Belgium ) ; Corinna in Rossini 's Il viaggio a Reims for the Polish National Opera , the Grand Theatre , Warsaw ; Neddy in Leoncavallo 's Pagliacci ( Grand Theatre ) ; Margaret in Gounod 's Faust for the Baltic State Opera in Gdańsk , the title role in the Polish premiere of Cilea 's Adriana Lecouvreur ( Grand Theatre ) , the Countess in Mozart 's The Marriage of Figaro and the title role in Stanisław Moniuszko 's The Countess . In the lighter repertoire , her roles include Sylva in Kálmán 's Die Csárdásfürstin , Hanna Glawari in Lehár 's The Merry Widow , Rosalinde in Strauss ' Die Fledermaus , the Widow in Kander 's Zorba , and Clara in Gershwin 's Porgy and Bess .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9e259200c40200742d2e071eebd90ec", "text": "Motherland (TV series) Motherland is a British sitcom , all about navigating the trials and traumas of middle-class motherhood . A pilot episode , written by a team including Graham Linehan and Sharon Horgan , was first broadcast on BBC Two on 6 September 2016 as part of BBC 2 's `` Sitcom Season '' . It starred Anna Maxwell Martin as Julia an overstressed working mother , trying to juggle the demands of her children , her husband and her job . The BBC subsequently ordered a full series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f574cdc835a027812a97069335308bd", "text": "Heller in Pink Tights Heller In Pink Tights is a 1960 Technicolor western film adapted from Louis L'Amour 's novel , Heller with a Gun . It stars Sophia Loren and Anthony Quinn and was directed by George Cukor . The movie is noted for its lavishly ornate costumes by Edith Head and its impressive photography and use of Technicolor . Though not a commercial success , Heller In Pink Tights is thought by some film historians to be George Cukor 's most lavishly visual film . Cukor had never been pleased with the `` look '' of most westerns and he hired George Hoyningen-Huene , a famous Russian-born fashion photographer and 1920s illustrator who was an expert at art and design . The final result is a unique film that looks like a cross between a Frederic Remington painting and a Toulouse-Lautrec rendering of music hall performers . Heller in Pink Tights co-stars Margaret O'Brien , Ramon Novarro and Eileen Heckart . It also marks Loren 's lowest weight on film . The normally voluptuous and full-figured star lost almost twenty pounds at Cukor 's request and donned a blonde wig .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b88cd5e81c756601c61d1bd406ebf52", "text": "Anna Fantastic Anna Garcia , whose legal name is Anna Florence and is professionally known as Anna Fantastic ( a name given to her by Prince ) , is an English actress , singer and model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dff85a24df76cd23c97930645c58aab5", "text": "Casualty (series 27) The twenty-seventh series of Casualty began airing on BBC One on 18 August 2012 with an episode featuring a disaster at a music festival . Filming series 26 was completed in April 2012 and filming series 27 began a week later . The first episode was in the normal formata 50-minute episode . This season is 44 episodes , increasing from 42 for the previous one . Viewing figures for the first episode were 5.19 million viewers , continuing to be one of the most watched programmes of a Saturday night . This series saw the departures of Dylan Keogh ( William Beck ) , Linda Andrews ( Christine Tremarco ) , Lloyd Asike ( Michael Obiora ) , and long-standing character Nick Jordan ( Michael French ) ; as well as the returns of former nurse , now consultant Martin `` Ash '' Ashford ( Patrick Robinson ) who last appeared fifteen years previously and former ambulance dispatcher , now receptionist Louise Tyler ( Azuka Oforka ) . This series also saw the introduction of four new student nurses : Ally Hunter ( Rebecca Newman ) , Aoife O'Reilly ( Gemma-Leah Devereux ) , Robyn Miller ( Amanda Henderson ) , and Jamie Collier ( Daniel Anthony ) - with only the latter two receiving a promotion to staff nurse and continuing into the next series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "717393665c8236506f554ef4d5bdb670", "text": "Sciantosa In Italian theatrical culture , the term sciantosa ( pl. : `` sciantose '' ) refers to a stock character that developed from the late 19th Century through the early 20th Century in such popular genres such as café-concert , variety show , avanspettacolo , and revue . The term is a distortion of the French word chanteuse ( feminine form of `` singer '' ) , and was originally used for female singers that performed opera or operetta arias in café-chantant venues . As such , the `` sciantosa '' was a sort of scaled-down version of the opera `` diva '' . Later on , the term acquired further implications , most notably that of femme fatale . Popular sciantose often had ( or pretended to have ) mysterious and exotic traits , such as a foreign accent , a turbulent past , or romantic affairs with lovers from the jet set . To emphasize their reputation of divas , prominent sciantose hired a claque to follow their shows . Some of the most well known sciantose were Anna Fougez , Gilda Mignonette , Olimpia D'Avigny , and Yvonne De Fleuriel . With the advent of cinema and television , many forms of popular theatrical shows faded , and so did the `` sciantosa '' archetype , whose traits were partially transferred to new roles such as the soubrette or the showgirl . The 1971 film La Sciantosa , by director Alfredo Giannetti , portrays a typical sciantosa ( played by Anna Magnani ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ddfe23ef8718dede1600f891bbb8d8f", "text": "Maurice Paquin Maurice Paquin , ( born in June 1947 in Dauphin , Manitoba , Canada ) , is a Franco-Manitoban comedian and singer . In 1959 Paquin completed Provencher Elementary School in St. Boniface , Manitoba and High School in 1963 at West Hill Collegiate High School in Toronto , Ontario . In 1967 he earned a Baccalaureat en Arts at Université de Montréal followed by a Bachelor of Science degree at McGill University in 1970 . The following three years were spent in San Gerardo de Dota , Costa Rica , where his first daughter Ligia Rosairis was born in 1972 . Marisol Denieve , his second daughter , was born in Montreal in 1974 ; Maurice worked as Marketing Analyst for Miracle Mart ( 1975 ) and Val Royal LaSalle Building Materials ( 1976 ) . In 1983 he wrote , composed and recorded the musical album La Garantie , with hits such as `` Ya Rien Là '' , `` Motel Henry '' , and `` Maman , Maman '' . Over the next fifteen years , Paquin performed thousands of shows throughout Quebec , Canada and the United States ; appeared in hundreds of television variety shows and commercials , and starred in the CBC short film `` Buried Treasure '' . In 2000 , he obtained an International Concierge Diploma at the ICI Institute in Montreal , Quebec , which led him to work as Chief Concierge in South Florida hotels such as the Ritz Carlton Coconut Grove , the Bentley Beach , Le Meridien , the Mutiny , Quantum on the Bay and 500 Brickell West in Miami , Florida . He is now Housekeeping Supervisor at Mont Tremblant Ski Resort in Quebec .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27b9b27e547826d297e9f7cdbdf1aad3", "text": "Anna Karenina (1975 film) Anna Karenina is a 1975 Soviet film directed by Margarita Pilikhina . It was first shown at the 1975 Cannes Film Festival where it premiered out of competition . The film is a Bolshoi Ballet version of Leo Tolstoy 's Anna Karenina with choreography by Maya Plisetskaya who also took on the titular role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f01b199ae040e953d0947e197044bd5e", "text": "Kerry Film Festival The Kerry Film Festival is an annual music film festival in County Kerry , Republic of Ireland , taking place in October . The Kerry Film Festival is funded by Kerry County Council , Fáilte Ireland , the Ireland Funds as well as having corporate sponsorship . Kerry Film Festival was established in 2000 but remained a small regional festival throughout its first years , with a mere 1,700 attendees at the 2006 festival . Then , in 2007 , the festival exploded becoming the fastest growing festival in all of Ireland , with audiences increasing by nearly 600 % from 2006 to 2011 when its audience topped 10,000 for the first time . The main feature of the festival is a short film competition which focuses on young filmmakers . Past adjudicators of the Kerry Film Festival Short Film Competition have included Jeremy Irons , Liam Neeson , Michael Fassbender and Gabriel Byrne . The festival also screens feature films . In 2008 Kerry Film Festival instigated the Maureen O'Hara Award for women that have excelled in film and Brenda Fricker was the inaugural recipient . The award was presented to her by Jim Sheridan , who directed her in the Oscar-winning My Left Foot ( 1989 ) . In 2009 the award was presented to Rebecca Miller who was in Kerry to pick up the award with her husband , Daniel Day-Lewis at a ceremony with Dave Fanning as MC . In 2010 Maureen O'Hara attended the festival and presented the award in person to Juliette Binoche Fionnula Flanagan picked up the award in 2011 while Saoirse Ronan won the award in 2012 . KFF has previously featured successful short films such as the Oscar short-listed animation Head over Heels in 2012 , the 2014 Oscar winner Mr. Hublot and in 2015 the highly acclaimed Academy Award winner S t u t t e r e r by Ben Cleary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fee5d4473739231fddac8b2d83fb749", "text": "Matt McGrath (actor) Matt McGrath ( born June 11 , 1969 ) is an American actor . McGrath 's film appearances include roles in The Notorious Bettie Page , Boys Do n't Cry , The Broken Hearts Club : A Romantic Comedy , and The Impostors . On television , McGrath has appeared in episodes of Law & Order : Criminal Intent , Now and Again , and New York Undercover , he also had a role on the short-lived My Life and Times . On Broadway , as a child , McGrath performed in Peter Pan and the original musical Working . As an adult , he played in A Streetcar Named Desire , and portrayed the Emcee , originated by Alan Cumming , in the Roundabout Theatre Company 's production of Kander and Ebb 's musical Cabaret . He is openly gay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d26029f8ce6de8537dacd3dc858d082", "text": "Mary Ellis Mary Ellis ( June 15 , 1897 -- January 30 , 2003 ) was an American star of the stage , as well as radio , television and film and opera singer , best known for her roles in the genre of musical theatre , particularly those of Ivor Novello . After appearing with the Metropolitan Opera beginning in 1918 , later appearing opposite Enrico Caruso , she acted on Broadway , creating the title role in Rose-Marie . In 1930 , she emigrated to England , where she gained additional fame and continued to perform into the 1990s . She was also well known for her film roles , including The 3 Worlds of Gulliver in 1960 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "702b724dc176667d708bd4f860f839f2", "text": "AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) . Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d51e1431e55b685316984432371d45b8", "text": "Melbourne City Opera CitiOpera , originally known as Melbourne City Opera , is a semi-professional opera company based in Melbourne , Australia . Formed in 1997 , it was the successor of Globe Opera . In 2007 the company began performing at the BMW Edge , a 450-seat indoor amphitheatre located in Federation Square . Initially the company made its home at the National Theatre , the Comedy Theatre and later at the Melbourne Athenaeum , and featured Suzanne Steele , Ronald Dowd , Margaret Nisbett , Maureen Howard , and Ron Stevens in productions of La bohème , Faust , Carmen , Pagliacci , Cavalleria rusticana , Madama Butterfly , The Merry Widow , Die Fledermaus , The Student Prince , and many others . The 2007 season began with productions of Verdi 's Il corsaro , Attila and The Pavarotti Story , devised and narrated by director Joseph Talia and conducted by Erich Fackert . In 2008 the season commenced with a concert production of Beethoven 's Fidelio at Melba Hall , University of Melbourne . The company presented The Puccini Story in honour of the 150th anniversary of the birth of Giacomo Puccini . This program was an analysis of how Puccini 's personal characteristics impacted on the creation of his characters and the composition of his music . In March 2009 , the company staged Verdi 's Ernani . Melbourne City Opera staged Verdi 's Luisa Miller in September 2009 , Andrea Chénier in June 2010 , La rondine in November 2010 and presented a tribute to Dame Joan Sutherland in November 2011 at the BMW Edge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46712121119902b6998343f3d4a887e1", "text": "Anna Friel Anna Louise Friel ( born 12 July 1976 ) is an English actress . Born in Rochdale , Greater Manchester , England , she has been acting since the age of 13 , appearing in a number of British television programmes . She played Beth Jordache in the Channel 4 soap Brookside , and portrayed the first lesbian kiss in a British soap opera in January 1994 . She made her West End theatre debut in London in 2001 and has subsequently appeared in several productions , including in an adaptation of Breakfast at Tiffany 's and as Yelena in a 2012 production of Chekhov 's Uncle Vanya . Friel made her film debut in 1998 in David Leland 's Land Girls and has since made a number of films such as A Midsummer Night 's Dream ( 1999 ) , Timeline ( 2003 ) , Land of the Lost ( 2009 ) and Limitless ( 2011 ) . Outside of film , she played the role of Charlotte `` Chuck '' Charles in the ABC comedy series Pushing Daisies , for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in 2008 . She is the recipient of a number of awards , including National Television Award ( 1995 ) , Drama Desk Award ( 1999 ) , and the Royal Television Society Award ( 2009 ) . She has also appeared in music videos and television and print media advertising campaigns and is the recipient of an honorary degree from the University of Bolton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2bdbb5d57f6daf753b3d897dccab89c", "text": "Bailey Noble Bailey Ann Noble ( born October 13 , 1990 ) is an American actress , perhaps best known for portraying Adilyn Bellefleur , the half-fairy daughter of sheriff Andy Bellefleur , on HBO 's vampire drama series True Blood ( 2013 -- 2014 ) and as Anna Assaoui in the 2015 remake of Martyrs .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3cd2469211158b8051bfd54c0d65b145	The Matrix Revolutions was directed by Steven Spielberg.	[ { "docid": "aaa261d5c8fb3d3ed580881413d8ecd5", "text": "The Matrix Revolutions The Matrix Revolutions is a 2003 American -- Australian science fiction action film written and directed by The Wachowski Brothers . It was the third installment of the Matrix trilogy , released six months following The Matrix Reloaded . The film was released simultaneously in 60 countries on November 5 , 2003 . While it is the final film in the series , the Matrix storyline is continued in The Matrix Online . It was the second live-action film to be released in both regular and IMAX theaters at the same time . The film received generally average reviews from critics .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "82ce5efc975419724b224b726e86091e", "text": "Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' . Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24ef83e565727f5b38ba223b7d7722b7", "text": "The Psycho-Social, Chemical, Biological & Electro-Magnetic Manipulation of Human Consciousness The Psycho-Social , Chemical , Biological & Electro-Magnetic Manipulation of Human Consciousness ( often abbreviated as The Psycho-Social CD ) is the debut album of underground hip hop group Jedi Mind Tricks . The group consists of Vinnie Paz , and producer Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind . The original version of the album was released in 1997 limited to 1000 copies on vinyl by Superegular Records , and was re-released on CD in 2003 on Babygrande Records with six bonus tracks , featuring songs recorded by the group before their debut release . Many believed the vinyl version was re-issued in 2001 , possibly because the back of the vinyl release says `` 2001 superegular '' , this is however a nod to the forward-thinking aspects of the album . The album lightly touches on religious corruption and violence , but not nearly to the level of their more well-received , and better produced sophomore effort ( most of the braggadocio being in regard to lyrical skill , and not physical threats . ) Primarily the album focuses on references to astronomy , history and physics . Also this album was inspired by a lot of `` crazy books '' mentioned by Vinnie Paz in an interview . One of those books was called `` Matrix III - The psycho-social , chemical , biological & electro-magnetic manipulation of human consciousness '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec915b9f8fed61ce370c379fcf078a9c", "text": "Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III . The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c2dbb8030ac8b9f2bfdc783adc00de2", "text": "The Wachowskis Lana Wachowski ( formerly Laurence `` Larry '' Wachowski , born June 21 , 1965 ) and Lilly Wachowski ( formerly Andrew Paul `` Andy '' Wachowski , born December 29 , 1967 ) are American film directors , screenwriters , and producers . They are siblings , and are both trans women . Collectively known as The Wachowskis and formerly as The Wachowski Brothers , the pair made their directing debut in 1996 with Bound , and reached fame with their second film The Matrix ( 1999 ) , a major box office success for which they won the Saturn Award for Best Director . They wrote and directed its two sequels : The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions ( both in 2003 ) , and were deeply involved in the writing and production of other works in the franchise . Following the commercial success of The Matrix series , they wrote and produced the 2006 film V for Vendetta ( an adaptation of the comic of the same name by Alan Moore ) , and in 2008 released the film Speed Racer , which was a live-action adaptation of the Japanese anime series of the same name . Their next film , Cloud Atlas , based on the novel of the same name by David Mitchell and co-written and co-directed by Tom Tykwer , was released in 2012 . Their film Jupiter Ascending and the Netflix series Sense8 both debuted in 2015 . The siblings have worked as a writing and directing unit throughout their professional film careers from Bound through the first season of Sense8 . Following her gender transition , Lilly Wachowski took a break from active writing and directing ; Lana worked on the second season of Sense8 without her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e69ce6509cae853faa528f84c5a30a08", "text": "Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair Steven Spielberg 's Director 's Chair is a simulation game created and published by Knowledge Adventure for Windows and Macintosh . It was released in 1996 in the United States of America . In the game , the player is guided by film director Steven Spielberg ( appearing as himself ) through the comprehensive process of moviemaking , including scriptwriting , filming , and editing , using pre-generated film clips featuring Jennifer Aniston , Quentin Tarantino , Katherine Helmond , and Penn & Teller , among others . The game features advice from Hollywood professionals such as editor Michael Kahn , special effects supervisor Michael Lantieri , and cinematographer Dean Cundey . The game was produced by Roger Holzberg , who directed Spielberg in scenes in which Spielberg himself appeared .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcb046c6565befdfb6e284912a8d9da3", "text": "Contact (1997 American film) Contact is a 1997 American science fiction drama film directed by Robert Zemeckis . It is a film adaptation of Carl Sagan 's 1985 novel of the same name ; Sagan and his wife Ann Druyan wrote the story outline for the film . Jodie Foster portrays the film 's protagonist , Dr. Eleanor `` Ellie '' Arroway , a SETI scientist who finds strong evidence of extraterrestrial life and is chosen to make first contact . The film also stars Matthew McConaughey , James Woods , Tom Skerritt , William Fichtner , John Hurt , Angela Bassett , Jake Busey , and David Morse . Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan began working on the film in 1979 . Together , they wrote a 100 + page film treatment and set up Contact at Warner Bros. with Peter Guber and Lynda Obst as producers . When development stalled on the film , Sagan published Contact as a novel in 1985 and the film adaptation was rejuvenated in 1989 . Roland Joffé and George Miller had planned to direct it , but Joffé dropped out in 1993 and Warner Bros. fired Miller in 1995 . Robert Zemeckis was eventually hired to direct , and filming for Contact lasted from September 1996 to February 1997 . Sony Pictures Imageworks handled most of the visual effects sequences . The film was released on July 11 , 1997 , to mostly positive reviews . Contact grossed approximately $ 171 million in worldwide box office totals . The film won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation and received multiple awards and nominations at the Saturn Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e97c26ad093f65037394e694c4f5864a", "text": "Sam Raimi Samuel M `` Sam '' Raimi ( -LSB- ˈreɪmi -RSB- born October 23 , 1959 ) is an American film director , producer , screenwriter and actor , famous for creating the cult horror Evil Dead series , as well as directing the original Spider-Man trilogy ( 2002 -- 07 ) and the 1990 superhero film Darkman . His most recent work is the 2013 Disney fantasy film Oz the Great and Powerful . Raimi has also produced several successful television series and founded his own production company , Renaissance Pictures , in 1979 . Recently , he worked as the producer of The Possession , and the 2013 remake of Evil Dead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d99ca7e631d2ccbc81efde67357bff3", "text": "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country is a 1991 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures . It is the sixth feature film based on Star Trek , and a sequel to the 1966 -- 1969 Star Trek television series . Taking place after the events of Star Trek V : The Final Frontier , it is the last film featuring the entire cast of the original series . After the destruction of the Klingon moon Praxis leads the Klingon Empire to pursue peace with their long-time adversary the Federation , the crew of the USS Enterprise must race against unseen conspirators with a militaristic agenda . The sixth film in the series was initially planned as a prequel to the original series , with younger actors portraying the crew of the Enterprise while attending Starfleet Academy , but the idea was discarded because of negative reaction from the original cast and the fans . Faced with producing a new film in time for Star Trek 's 25th anniversary , Nicholas Meyer , the director of Star Trek II : The Wrath of Khan , and Denny Martin Flinn wrote a script based on a suggestion from Leonard Nimoy about what would happen if `` the Wall came down in space '' , touching on the contemporary events of the Cold War . Principal photography took place between April and September 1991 . The production budget was smaller than anticipated because of the critical and commercial disappointment of The Final Frontier . Because of a lack of sound stage space on the Paramount lot , many scenes were filmed around Hollywood . Meyer and cinematographer Hiro Narita aimed for a darker and more dramatic mood , subtly altering sets originally used for the television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . Producer Steven-Charles Jaffe led a second unit that filmed on an Alaskan glacier that stood in for a Klingon gulag . Cliff Eidelman produced the film 's score , which is intentionally darker than previous Star Trek offerings . The film was released in North America on December 6 , 1991 . The Undiscovered Country garnered positive reviews , with publications praising the lighthearted acting and facetious references . The film performed strongly at the box office . It posted the largest opening weekend gross of the series before going on to earn $ 96,888,996 worldwide . The film earned two Academy Award nominations , for Best Makeup and Best Sound Effects , and is the only Star Trek movie to win the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film . A special collectors ' edition DVD version of the film was released in 2004 , to which Meyer had made minor alterations . Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry died shortly before the movie 's premiere , just days after viewing the film . The film marked the final appearance together of the original series ' cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98ae9cd8803abb69bfea7b1fa36a3d7d", "text": "Leonard Nimoy Leonard Simon Nimoy ( -LSB- ˈniːmɔɪ -RSB- March 26 , 1931 -- February 27 , 2015 ) was an American actor , film director , photographer , author , singer and songwriter . He was known for his role as Spock of the Star Trek franchise , a character he portrayed in television and film from a pilot episode shot in late 1964 to his final film performance released in 2013 . Nimoy began his career in his early twenties , teaching acting classes in Hollywood and making minor film and television appearances through the 1950s , as well as playing the title role in Kid Monk Baroni . Foreshadowing his fame as a semi-alien , he played Narab , one of three Martian invaders , in the 1952 movie serial Zombies of the Stratosphere . In December 1964 , he made his first appearance in the rejected Star Trek pilot `` The Cage '' , and went on to play the character of Spock until the end of the production run in early 1969 , followed by eight feature films and guest slots in the various spin-off series . The character has had a significant cultural impact and garnered Nimoy three Emmy Award nominations ; TV Guide named Spock one of the 50 greatest TV characters . After the original Star Trek series , Nimoy starred in Mission : Impossible for two seasons , hosted the documentary series In Search of ... , narrated Civilization IV , and made several well-received stage appearances . He also had a recurring role in the science fiction series Fringe . Nimoy 's public profile as Spock was so strong that both of his autobiographies , I Am Not Spock ( 1975 ) and I Am Spock ( 1995 ) , were written from the viewpoint of sharing his existence with the character . In 2015 an asteroid was named 4864 Nimoy in his honor . In September 2016 , For the Love of Spock , a feature-film documentary that covered his life and career , was released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "faff771ed2a2627b6b59f379e2c4abbe", "text": "Loose Change Loose Change is a series of films released between 2005 and 2009 that argue in favor of certain conspiracy theories relating to the September 11th attacks . The films were written and directed by Dylan Avery and produced by Korey Rowe , Jason Bermas , and Matthew Brown . The original 2005 film was edited and re-released as Loose Change : 2nd Edition ( 2006 ) , and then subsequently edited a third time for the 2nd Edition Recut ( 2007 ) . Loose Change : Final Cut , deemed `` the third and final release of this documentary series '' was released on DVD and Web-streaming format on November 11 , 2007 . Another version of the film , Loose Change 9/11 : An American Coup , released on September 22 , 2009 , is narrated by Daniel Sunjata and distributed by Microcinema International . Coverage of the film increased in 2006 with the recut release having airings on U.S. and European television stations and over 4 million views online in four months , leading Vanity Fair to say it could be the first internet blockbuster . Loose Change asserts that the usual account of the Pentagon attack , World Trade Center collapse and United 93 phone calls and crash is implausible and instead suggests the 9/11 attacks were a false flag operation . The film 's main claims have been debunked by journalists , independent researchers , and prominent members of the scientific and engineering community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a8a8c571b1e5fe50207d408b3af4d33", "text": "Prophets of Science Fiction Prophets of Science Fiction is an American documentary television series produced and hosted by Ridley Scott for the Science Channel . The program premiered on . The series covers the life and work of leading science fiction authors of the last couple of centuries . It depicts how they predicted and , accordingly , influenced the development of scientific advancements by inspiring many readers to assist in transforming those futuristic visions into everyday reality . The stories are told through film clips , reenactments , illustrations and interviews . The first episode received mixed reviews . Commentators appreciated the approach of combining coverage of contemporary scientific research and biographical exposition , but criticized the series as `` light on the substance and heavy on the exaggeration '' . The series ' attempts to link Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein to developments such as organ transplants , supercomputers and DNA research were described by one critic as far-fetched but by another as successful .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4616dace12242646c58a9f5e57752290", "text": "Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill . The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others . Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture . In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f1fedad6a2e958a6cdd46d7d0f4e4e1", "text": "The Matrix Reloaded: The Album The Matrix Reloaded : The Album is a 2003 soundtrack album from the 2003 film The Matrix Reloaded . The two-disc album is unusual among soundtrack releases in that it includes separate discs for the film 's songs and the score , whereas most films release the songs and the score as separate single-disc albums . The album 's lead single was `` Sleeping Awake '' by P.O.D. . The song 's lyrics and video refer to elements of the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a99eeaa6386a89559fb6dbaba07f302", "text": "System Shock System Shock is a 1994 first-person action role-playing video game developed by Looking Glass Technologies and published by Origin Systems . It was directed by Doug Church with Warren Spector serving as producer . The game is set aboard a space station in a cyberpunk vision of the year 2072 . Assuming the role of a nameless hacker , the player attempts to hinder the plans of a malevolent artificial intelligence called SHODAN . System Shock 3D engine , physics simulation and complex gameplay have been cited as both innovative and influential . The developers sought to build on the emergent gameplay and immersive environments of their previous games , Ultima Underworld : The Stygian Abyss and Ultima Underworld II : Labyrinth of Worlds , by streamlining their mechanics into a more `` integrated whole '' . Critics praised System Shock and hailed it as a major breakthrough in its genre . It was later placed on multiple hall of fame lists . The game was a moderate commercial success , with sales exceeding 170,000 copies , but Looking Glass ultimately lost money on the project . A sequel , System Shock 2 , was released by Looking Glass Studios and offshoot developer Irrational Games in 1999 . The 2000 game Deus Ex ( also produced by Spector ) and the 2007 game BioShock are spiritual successors to the two games . A remade version of the original game by Night Dive Studios is scheduled for release in 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "849248a73fa6dccc64612a486cc3ee21", "text": "Raindance Foundation Raindance Foundation ( RainDance Corporation ) was founded in October 1969 by Frank Gillette , Paul Ryan , Michael Shamberg , Louis Jaffe , and Marco Vassi . Raindance was a self-described `` alternate culture think-tank '' that embraced video as an alternative form of cultural communication . The name `` RainDance Corporation '' was an ironic reference to the mainstream organization Rand Corporation . Influenced by the communications theories of Marshall McLuhan and Buckminster Fuller , the collective produced a data bank of tapes and writings that explored the relation of cybernetics , media , and ecology . From 1970 to 1974 , Raindance published the seminal video journal Radical Software ( initially edited by Beryl Korot and Phyllis Gershuny ) , which provided a network of communications for the emerging alternative video movement with a circulation of 5,000 . In 1971 , Dean and Dudley Evenson joined the Raindance Foundation and taught video workshops through the Metropolitan Museum of Art under a grant from the New York State Council on the Arts . Dean Evenson was instrumental in hooking up the first half inch video transmission through New York City 's Sterling Manhattan Cable , thus paving the way for Public Access Television . Dudley Evenson co-edited Issue # 5 of Radical Software with Michael Shamberg . In 1971 , Shamberg wrote Guerrilla Television , a summary of the group 's principles and a blueprint for the decentralization of television . In 1976 , Raindance members Ira Schneider and Beryl Korot edited Video Art : An Anthology , one of the first readers on video art . The original Raindance collective dispersed in the mid-1970s . The nonprofit Raindance Foundation continued and in the 1980s produced the first comprehensive TV series on video art called `` Night Light TV '' which showcased video works by William Wegman , Ira Schneider , Russ Johnson ( of Taly and Russ Johnson ) , Joan Jonas , Juan Downey , John Sturgeon , and Willoughby Sharp . Raindance also administered The Standby Program at Matrix , bringing video editing to artists in the 1980s and 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23678af8b979acd82d8ac7d7045116f9", "text": "Jim Jarmusch James Robert `` Jim '' Jarmusch ( -LSB- ˈdʒɑrməʃ -RSB- born January 22 , 1953 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , actor , producer , editor , and composer . He has been a major proponent of independent cinema since the 1980s , directing such films as Stranger Than Paradise ( 1984 ) , Down by Law ( 1986 ) , Mystery Train ( 1989 ) , Dead Man ( 1995 ) , Ghost Dog : The Way of the Samurai ( 1999 ) , Coffee and Cigarettes ( 2003 ) , Broken Flowers ( 2005 ) , Only Lovers Left Alive ( 2013 ) , and Paterson ( 2016 ) . Stranger Than Paradise was added to the National Film Registry in December 2002 . As a musician , Jarmusch has composed music for his films and released two albums with Jozef van Wissem .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8678cfd4df9b27b96e6c1cc617019e7", "text": "Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures Stanley Kubrick : A Life in Pictures is a 2001 documentary about the life and work of Stanley Kubrick , famed film director , made by his long-time assistant and brother-in-law Jan Harlan . Its running time is 142 minutes long , it consists of several 15-minute chapters , each detailing the making of one of his films -- and two more showing his childhood and life . Jan Harlan managed to get many of Kubrick 's collaborators for interviews , including Tom Cruise , Nicole Kidman , Keir Dullea , Arthur C. Clarke , Malcolm McDowell , Peter Ustinov , Jack Nicholson , György Ligeti and Matthew Modine . It also has interviews from film directors who were inspired by Kubrick such as Woody Allen , Steven Spielberg , Martin Scorsese and Sydney Pollack . The film contains some rare footage , including from the Kubrick family home videos and on film sets , and clips from Fear and Desire - Kubrick 's first feature-length film . It was released on DVD on October 23 , 2007 , and was featured on the tenth disc of Stanley Kubrick : The Essential Collection and Stanley Kubrick : Limited Edition Collection DVD and Blu-ray released May 31 , 2011 , respectively . The documentary was also bundled in a box set of some of Kubrick 's other films released January 22 , 2008 . The soundtrack of the film is by composer and musician Jocelyn Pook , who had previously worked with Kubrick on Eyes Wide Shut .", "title": "" } ]	fever
53f21925c1f6e75c5075f48d4b367684	Bob Kane and Jerry Robinson claim responsibility for the Joker's design.	[ { "docid": "50c87bfa0cd745a2570b08ad27b5bf45", "text": "Joker (character) The Joker is a fictional supervillain created by Bill Finger , Bob Kane , and Jerry Robinson who first appeared in the debut issue of the comic book Batman ( April 25 , 1940 ) published by DC Comics . Credit for the Joker 's creation is disputed ; Kane and Robinson claimed responsibility for the Joker 's design , while acknowledging Finger 's writing contribution . Although the Joker was planned to be killed off during his initial appearance , he was spared by editorial intervention , allowing the character to endure as the archenemy of the superhero Batman . In his comic book appearances , the Joker is portrayed as a criminal mastermind . Introduced as a psychopath with a warped , sadistic sense of humor , the character became a goofy prankster in the late 1950s in response to regulation by the Comics Code Authority , before returning to his darker roots during the early 1970s . As Batman 's nemesis , the Joker has been part of the superhero 's defining stories , including the murder of Jason Todd -- the second Robin and Batman 's ward -- and the paralysis of one of Batman 's allies , Barbara Gordon . The Joker has had various possible origin stories during his decades of appearances . The most common story involves him falling into a tank of chemical waste which bleaches his skin white , turns his hair green , and his lips bright red ; the resulting disfigurement drives him insane . The antithesis of Batman in personality and appearance , the Joker is considered by critics to be his perfect adversary . The Joker possesses no superhuman abilities , instead using his expertise in chemical engineering to develop poisonous or lethal concoctions , and thematic weaponry , including razor-tipped playing cards , deadly joy buzzers , and acid-spraying lapel flowers . The Joker sometimes works with other Gotham City supervillains such as the Penguin and Two-Face , and groups like the Injustice Gang and Injustice League , but these relationships often collapse due to the Joker 's desire for unbridled chaos . The 1990s introduced a romantic interest for the Joker in his former psychiatrist , Harley Quinn , who becomes his villainous sidekick . Although his primary obsession is Batman , the Joker has also fought other heroes including Superman and Wonder Woman . One of the most iconic characters in popular culture , the Joker has been listed among the greatest comic book villains and fictional characters ever created . The character 's popularity has seen him appear on a variety of merchandise , such as clothing and collectable items , inspire real-world structures ( such as theme park attractions ) , and be referenced in a number of media . The Joker has been adapted to serve as Batman 's adversary in live-action , animated , and video game incarnations , including the 1960s Batman television series ( played by Cesar Romero ) and in film by Jack Nicholson in Batman ( 1989 ) , Heath Ledger in The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) , and Jared Leto in Suicide Squad ( 2016 ) . Mark Hamill , Troy Baker , and others have provided the character 's voice .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2c61437d0b218778c0eda81a392a5cb5", "text": "List of The Batman characters The following is a list of characters that have appeared in the television series The Batman , which ran from September 11 , 2004 to March 22 , 2008 . The animation style bears a strong resemblance to that of Jackie Chan Adventures , since Jeff Matsuda was the chief character designer for both shows . Many of the supervillains who appear in the series , like the characters Joker , Penguin and Riddler , are very different from those of their comic counterparts ( especially through their designs ) . While many characters adapted from the mainstream DC comics appear , some of them only appeared in the show 's tie-in comic called The Batman Strikes . Characters that were planned for a guest appearance but ultimately did not appear were Wonder Woman , Bizarro , Vigilante , and Owlman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b8c8085016bfdb091f17fe3b98fcf31", "text": "Batwing (DC Comics) Batwing is a fictional comic book superhero appearing in publications by DC Comics . Within DC Comics internal continuity , Batwing is one of several superheroes patterned after the famous superhero Batman . Batwing , in particular , was conceived by Batman as his crime-fighting counterpart overseas , ` the Batman of Africa ' . The first Batwing is David Zavimbe , a Congolese police officer , created by writer Grant Morrison within the pages of Batman Incorporated prior to receiving his own eponymous series . Following later events within Batman Incorporated and Batwing , Zavimbe is replaced in the role by Luke Fox , an American mixed martial artist who had been Batman 's first choice in the role , who is also the son of Batman 's close associate Lucius Fox . Batwing faces a roster of adversaries ranging from international super villains to the Democratic Republic of Congo 's corrupt police force . Batwing expands the DC Universe by taking place in Africa , making David Zavimbe both the first ( in continuity ) black Batman and one of the few characters headlining a series outside the United States . Fox is also black , and becomes the first in-continuity African American Batman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4add07e00c984ee4f4527afb7d09038a", "text": "Harlequin Harlequin ( -LSB- ˈhɑrləkwɪn -RSB- Arlecchino -LSB- arlekˈkiːno -RSB- , Arlequin -LSB- aʁləkɛ̃ -RSB- , Old French Harlequin ) is the best-known of the zanni or comic servant characters from the Italian Commedia dell ` arte . The role is traditionally believed to have been introduced by Zan Ganassa in the late 16th century , and was definitively popularized by the Italian actor Tristano Martinelli in Paris in 1584 -- 1585 and became a stock character after Martinelli 's death in 1630 . The Harlequin is characterized by his chequered costume . His role is that of a light-hearted , nimble and astute servant , often acting to thwart the plans of his master , and pursuing his own love interest , Columbina , with wit and resourcefulness , often competing with the sterner and melancholic Pierrot . He later develops into a prototype of the romantic hero . Harlequin inherits his physical agility and his trickster qualities , as well as his name , from a mischievous `` devil '' character in medieval passion plays.The Harlequin character first appeared in England early in the 17th century and took center stage in the derived genre of the Harlequinade , developed in the early 18th century by John Rich . As the Harlequinade portion of English dramatic genre pantomime developed , Harlequin was routinely paired with the character Clown . As developed by Joseph Grimaldi around 1800 , Clown became the mischievous and brutish foil for the more sophisticated Harlequin , who became more of a romantic character . The most influential such pair in Victorian England were the Payne Brothers , active during the 1860s and 1870s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a689e41b92426f6740845d00f0bbd93", "text": "The Joker (Anthony Newley song) The Joker is a song by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley , from the 1964 musical The Roar of the Greasepaint -- The Smell of the Crowd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93e636b66a673b411e265d5a1f5118ee", "text": "Legion of Super-Heroes The Legion of Super-Heroes is a fictional superhero team appearing in books published by DC Comics . Created by writer Otto Binder and artist Al Plastino , the Legion is a group of superpowered beings living in the 30th and 31st centuries of the , and first appears in Adventure Comics # 247 ( April 1958 ) . Initially , the team was closely associated with the original Superboy character ( Superman when he was a teenager ) , and was portrayed as a group of time travelers . Later , the Legion 's origin and back story were fleshed out , and the group was given its own monthly comic . Eventually , Superboy was removed from the team altogether and appeared only as an occasional guest star . The team has undergone two major reboots during its run . The original version was replaced with a new rebooted version following the events of the `` Zero Hour '' storyline in 1994 and another rebooted team was introduced in 2004 . A fourth version of the team , nearly identical to the original version , was introduced in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a69a9db544dfebd1ceab0575d8154cf", "text": "Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to . Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified . The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d234d4a641c49429238cb1950043a61a", "text": "Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books One of the key aspects of the Modern Age of Comic Books was that it was the beginning of big events . In 1984 , Marvel Comics debuted the first large crossover , Secret Wars , a storyline featuring the company 's most prolific superheroes , which overlapped into a 12-issue limited series and many monthly comic books . A year later , DC Comics introduced its first large scale crossover , Crisis on Infinite Earths , which had long-term effects on the `` DC Universe '' continuity . In the early and mid-1990s , big events were regularly published by Marvel and DC , often leading to extra publicity and sales . These events helped fend-off competition from Image Comics , and such events were more likely to become `` collector 's items . '' Some events , such as DC 's `` Zero Hour '' and Marvel 's `` Onslaught saga '' spanned a publisher 's entire line while others only affected a `` family '' of interrelated titles . The X-Men and Batman franchises featured crossovers almost annually . Some of the most significant mid-1990s events , such as Spider-Man 's `` Clone Saga , '' Batman 's `` Batman : Knightfall '' and particularly , `` The Death of Superman '' caused dramatic changes to long-running characters and received coverage in the mainstream media . These events led to significant sales boosts and publicity , but many fans began to criticize them as excessive and lacking compelling storytelling . They also complained that monthly series had become inaccessible because one had to follow a number of comics to understand the full storyline . By the end of the 1990s , the number of large crossovers decreased , but they were still launched sporadically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42d7b429367f8d79e3f16625c3b667fd", "text": "The Swiss Family Robinson: Flone of the Mysterious Island is an anime series produced by Nippon Animation . The story is loosely based on the novel Swiss Family Robinson by Swiss author Johann David Wyss . As such it exhibits the same geographically impossible array flora and fauna . The character of Flone is not present in the original novel , in which the Robinson family consists of only a father , a mother , and four sons ( no daughters ) . It is likely that Flone was introduced by Nippon Animation as a new character for the anime version in order to attract more girls as viewers . Also in the anime version , the oldest of the Robinson children , Fritz , is named `` Franz '' ( though his name is changed back to Fritz in the English dub ) , and the character of Jack is a three-year-old rather than a ten-year-old . Very popular in Europe , this anime is one of the few World Masterpiece Theater series to have been dubbed into the English language for the American market . An English dub by PMT , Ltd , titled simply Swiss Family Robinson , aired on The Family Channel cable network in the U.S. in 1989 . This dub renames Flone `` Becca '' as well as her older brother Franz `` Fritz '' . It can currently be seen on the Smile of a Child network and .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f516f07c8f9a62dd4aefadc37bba81c8", "text": "Jokerman (typeface) Jokerman is a typeface created in 1995 by British designer Andrew K. Smith . It employs dots , spirals and straight lines that can either be attached or placed near each letter or integrated into the character to create negative space . It was described by Microsoft as `` fanciful internal and external elements . '' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jokerman_ ( typeface )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ccd2369d12c7daeac3a2970f0abc509", "text": "Doctor Who (pinball) Doctor Who is a pinball machine designed by Bill Pfutzenreuter ( Pfutz ) and Barry Oursler , and released by Midway ( under the Bally brand name ) in September 1992 . It is based on the television series of the same name , although the relationship of spinoff media to the parent series is open to question . As stated in the Gameplay section , the rulesheet is rather different from other pinball machines released at the time , which did n't help popularity ( and even now it is still seen as an exotic machine amongst collectors ) as casual players did not understand the complex rule changes that occur during the game . The first 100 games included a moving Dalek topper that would turn side-to-side while the robot was speaking . The effect was achieved by fitting the robot 's body with a complex motor , cam , and optoelectronics system . Its complexity and expense lead to it being cut from the production run . Production Dalek toppers can be made to move with `` wobble head kits '' . Prototypes featured the old Bally-style backbox ( and a totally different backglass ) , but this was changed to the Williams-styled one in order to cheapen the production process for both product lines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "afd983ce80863b7f14f0bfce0a9e7e68", "text": "All Star DC Comics All Star was an imprint of ongoing comic book titles published by American company DC Comics that ran from 2005 to 2008 . DC has published two titles under the All-Star banner , featuring Batman and Superman . The premise of the imprint was to partner DC Comics ' top tier characters with the most popular and acclaimed writers and artists . The creators had access to all elements in the characters ' histories to present their interpretation for a modern audience that have not read these DC characters ' comics previously , or had not seen them lately . The creative teams were not beholden to any previous and present continuities , and told stories that featured `` the most iconic versions of these characters '' . The project had been compared to the Ultimate line of Marvel Comics , which was a successful attempt to re-introduce Marvel 's most popular characters to a new generation of readers by presenting new , updated versions unburdened by decades of plotlines . There were several differences between the two imprints , though . While the Ultimate titles have closely interrelated storylines , of the two All-Star series released , there has been no effort to make them conform to each other or indicate they exist in the same continuity . Another is that All-Star did not seek to introduce brand new versions of the characters so much as to present them in unhindered continuity . Robin 's origin was the only one `` rebooted '' in this imprint . Some observers , and DC themselves , had pointed to the return of DC 's major film franchises as an impetus for All-Star . `` No one can doubt that some kind of continuity shedding is necessary with Superman and Batman coming to the big screens , '' the website Comicon.com wrote . `` Moviegoers entertained by these films would find the current comics storylines impenetrable '' . With the end of Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely 's All-Star Superman and the rebranding of Frank Miller and Jim Lee 's All Star Batman and Robin as Dark Knight : Boy Wonder as well as the introduction of the DC : Earth One line of OGNs , the imprint is effectively defunct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ac9b47f5bae389633a818d3a790276b", "text": "The Dark Knight (film) The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed , co-produced , and co-written by Christopher Nolan . Featuring the DC Comics character Batman , the film is the second part of Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy and a sequel to 2005 's Batman Begins , starring an ensemble cast including Christian Bale , Michael Caine , Heath Ledger , Gary Oldman , Aaron Eckhart , Maggie Gyllenhaal and Morgan Freeman . In the film , Bruce Wayne/Batman ( Bale ) , James Gordon ( Oldman ) and Harvey Dent ( Eckhart ) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City , but are menaced by a criminal mastermind known as the Joker ( Ledger ) who seeks to undermine Batman 's influence and create chaos . Nolan 's inspiration for the film was the Joker 's comic book debut in 1940 , the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke , and the 1996 series The Long Halloween , which retold Two-Face 's origin . The nickname `` the Dark Knight '' was first applied to Batman in Batman # 1 ( 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger . The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago , as well as in several other locations in the United States , the United Kingdom , and Hong Kong . Nolan used IMAX 70 mm film cameras to film some sequences , including the Joker 's first appearance in the film . The film is dedicated to the memory of Ledger , who died on January 22 , 2008 , some months after the completed filming and six months before the film 's release , from a toxic combination of prescription drugs , leading to intense attention from the press and movie-going public . Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight , developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker . A co-production of the United States and the United Kingdom , The Dark Knight was released on July 16 , 2008 in Australia , on July 18 , 2008 , in North America , and on July 25 , 2008 , in the United Kingdom . Considered by film critics to be one of the best films of the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever , the film received highly positive reviews and set numerous records during its theatrical run . The Dark Knight appeared on more critics ' top ten lists ( 287 ) than any other film of 2008 with the exception of WALL-E , and more critics ( 77 ) named The Dark Knight the best film of 2008 than any other film released that year . With over $ 1 billion in revenue worldwide , it is the 29th-highest-grossing film of all time , unadjusted for inflation . The film received eight Academy Award nominations ; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor . The Dark Knight Rises , the final film in the trilogy , was released on July 20 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c41bc359d723c3ca55f99c77ddf6631", "text": "Mister Mxyzptlk Mister Mxyzptlk ( -LSB- mɪksˈjɛzpɪtlɪk -RSB- , -LSB- ˈmɪksɪlplɪk -RSB- or -LSB- mɪksˈjɛzpɪtəlɪk -RSB- ) , sometimes called Mxy , is a fictional impish character who appears in DC Comics ' Superman comic books , sometimes as a supervillain and other times as an antihero . Mr. Mxyzptlk was created to appear in Superman # 30 ( Sept. 1944 ) , in the story `` The Mysterious Mr. Mxyzptlk '' , by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Ira Yarborough . But due to publishing lag time , the character saw print first in the Superman daily comic strip by writer Whitney Ellsworth and artist Wayne Boring . He is usually presented as a trickster , in the classical mythological sense , in that he possesses reality warping powers with which he enjoys tormenting Superman in a cartoonish way . In most of his appearances in DC Comics , he can be stopped only by tricking him into saying or spelling his own name backwards ( Kltpzyxm - `` kel-tip-zix-um '' ) , which will return him to his home in the 5th dimension and keep him there for a minimum of ninety days . However , this specific limitation of the character has been eliminated since the Crisis on Infinite Earths reboot , upon which the character leaves only when he willingly agrees to do so after meeting some conditions he sets , such as having Superman succeed in getting Mxyzptlk to paint his own face blue . In 2009 , Mister Mxyzptlk was ranked as IGN 's 76th-Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ac586ee826cdf853d46056a85d48a2", "text": "Dick Grayson Richard John `` Dick '' Grayson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics , commonly in association with Batman . Created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger and illustrator Jerry Robinson , he first appeared in Detective Comics # 38 in April 1940 as the original incarnation of Robin . In Tales of the Teen Titans # 44 ( July 1984 ) the character retires his role as Robin and assumes the superhero persona of Nightwing , created by Marv Wolfman and artist George Pérez . The youngest in a family of acrobats known as the `` Flying Graysons '' , Dick watches a mafia boss kill his parents in order to extort money from the circus that employed them . Batman ( Bruce Wayne ) takes him in as a legal ward ( retconned as an adopted son in some cases ) and the crime-fighting partner Robin . He is written by many authors as the first son of Batman . As well as being Batman 's crime-fighting partner , Dick establishes himself as the leader of the Teen Titans , a team of teenage superheroes . As a young man , he retires as Robin and takes on his own superhero identity to assert his independence , becoming Nightwing . As Nightwing , he continues to lead the Teen Titans and later the Outsiders . In the first volume of his eponymous series ( 1996 -- 2009 ) , he becomes the protector of Blüdhaven , Gotham 's economically troubled neighboring city , the locale the character is most closely associated with . He has also served stints protecting the streets of New York , Chicago and Gotham in other runs over the years . Dick Grayson has taken on the identity of Batman on a few occasions . Following `` Batman : Knightfall '' , Grayson declines taking up the mantle of Batman while the original was recovering from a broken back as he feels Nightwing is a hero in his own right and not Batman 's understudy , but after the events of the Zero Hour miniseries later that year , he replaces Bruce Wayne as Batman , beginning in Robin # 0 ( 1994 ) and extending throughout the Batman : Prodigal storyline in 1995 . Dick again assumes the mantle following the events of `` Batman R.I.P. '' ( 2008 ) and Final Crisis ( 2008 -- 9 ) . As Batman , Dick moves to Gotham City following his mentor 's apparent death and partners with the fifth Robin , Damian Wayne . On Bruce 's return , both men maintained the Batman identity until 2011 , when Dick returned to the Nightwing identity with DC 's The New 52 continuity reboot . In a 2014 comic story , Dick is forced to abandon the Nightwing identity after being unmasked on TV and faking his death , setting up Tim Seeley 's Grayson comic book , Dick becomes Agent 37 , Batman 's mole in the nefarious spy organization Spyral . Following the conclusion of the Grayson series , and the restoration of his secret identity in the series ' final issue , Dick returns to being Nightwing as part of the DC Rebirth relaunch in 2016 . Dick Grayson has appeared as Robin in several other media adaptations : the 1943 serial played by Douglas Croft , the 1949 serial played by Johnny Duncan , the 1966 -- 1968 live action Batman television series and its motion picture portrayed by Burt Ward , played by Chris O'Donnell in the 1995 film Batman Forever and its 1997 sequel Batman & Robin . Loren Lester voiced the character as Robin in Batman : The Animated Series and later as Nightwing 's first screen adaptation in The New Batman Adventures . In May 2011 , IGN ranked Dick Grayson # 11 on their list of the `` Top 100 Super Heroes of All Time '' . In 2013 , ComicsAlliance ranked Grayson as Nightwing as # 1 on their list of the `` 50 Sexiest Male Characters in Comics '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752b17e55faaa8e62f978482e6eee6f0", "text": "Mortal Kombat Mortal Kombat is a video game franchise originally developed by Midway Games ' Chicago studio in 1992 . Following Midway 's bankruptcy , the Mortal Kombat development team was acquired by Warner Bros. and turned into NetherRealm Studios . Warner Bros. . Interactive Entertainment currently owns the rights of the franchise and rebooted it in 2011 . The development of the first game was originally based on an idea that Ed Boon and John Tobias had of making a video game starring Jean-Claude Van Damme , but as that idea fell through , a fantasy-horror themed fighting game titled Mortal Kombat was created instead . The original game has spawned many sequels and has spun a media franchise consisting of several action-adventure games , films ( animated and live-action with its own sequel ) , and television series ( animated and live-action ) . Other spin-offs include comic book series , a card game and a live-action tour . Along with Capcom 's Street Fighter and Bandai Namco 's Tekken , Mortal Kombat has become one of the most successful fighting franchises in the history of video games . , the franchise had generated $ 5 billion in revenue , making it one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The series has a reputation for high levels of bloody violence , including , most notably , its Fatalities ( finishing moves , requiring a sequence of button inputs to perform ) . The Fatalities , in part , led to the creation of the ESRB video game rating system . The series name itself is also known for using the letter `` K '' in place of `` C '' for the hard C sound , thus intentionally misspelling the word `` combat '' , as well as other words with the hard C sound within later games in the series . Early games in the series were also noted for its realistic digitized sprites ( which differentiated it from its contemporaries ' hand-drawn sprites ) and an extensive use of palette swapping to create new characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5eb2faf688d2bc896dd479902dc004", "text": "Warner Bros. Cartoons Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. was the in-house division of Warner Bros. . Pictures during the Golden Age of American animation . One of the most successful animation studios in American media history , Warner Bros. . Cartoons was primarily responsible for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon short subjects . The characters featured in these cartoons , including Bugs Bunny , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Speedy Gonzales , Sylvester and Tweety , Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner , are among the most famous and recognizable characters in the world . Many of the creative staff members at the studio , including directors and animators such as Chuck Jones , Friz Freleng , Robert McKimson , Tex Avery , Robert Clampett and Frank Tashlin , are considered major figures in the art and history of traditional animation . The Warner animation division was founded in 1933 as Leon Schlesinger Productions , an independent company which produced the popular Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies animated short subjects for release by Warner Bros. . Pictures . In 1944 , Schlesinger sold the studio to Warner Bros. , who continued to operate it as Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. until 1963 . Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were briefly subcontracted to Freleng 's DePatie-Freleng Enterprises studio from 1964 until 1967 . The Warner Bros. . Cartoons studio briefly re-opened in 1967 before shutting its doors for good two years later . A successor company , Warner Bros. . Animation , was established in 1980 . That company continues to produce Looney Tunes-related works , in addition to television shows and feature films centering on other properties . The classic Warner Bros. animation studio is sometimes referred to as `` Termite Terrace '' , a name given to the temporary headquarters Tex Avery and his animators were assigned to during Avery 's first year as a Looney Tunes director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd83c9c0f48cf3ce95dab89af9fb990e", "text": "The World's Greatest Super-Heroes The World 's Greatest Super-Heroes is the name to the oversized slipcased hardcover anthology collection , that reprinted six oversized graphic novels all created by artist Alex Ross and writer Paul Dini . Four graphic novels were originally published to celebrate the 60th anniversary of DC main characters : Superman , Batman , Captain Marvel and Wonder Woman , thus Superman : Peace on Earth were published in 1998 , Batman : War on Crime in 1999 , Shazam ! : Power of Hope in 2000 and finally Wonder Woman : Spirit of Truth in 2001 . Alex Ross original idea was make a statement about the four superhero comics archetypes : Science Fiction ( Superman ) , Crime/Mystery ( Batman ) , Magic ( Captain Marvel ) and Myth ( Wonder Woman ) . In the following year , DC Comics also published one extra book : JLA : Secret Origins . Not featuring any storyline whatsoever , it only presented the origins of the four main characters already published in the previous books and the origins of other Justice League characters : Green Lantern , Flash , Green Arrow , Black Canary , Martian Manhunter , Hawkman , Hawkgirl and Plastic Man . Every origin was present in two-pages layout based on Joe Shuster 's origin of Superman from Action Comics # 1 . The final book , published in 2003 , JLA : Liberty and Justice presented a full story featuring the entire group , the first time that Alex Ross was able to use all characters in the current timeline . The artwork is of Ross ' very own photorealism , and the books themselves were created after the success of Ross ' and writer Mark Waid 's famous Kingdom Come . The World 's Greatest Super-Heroes was released on August 1 , 2005 on dust-jacket slipcase hardcover edition ( 9.6 '' x 13 '' ) and got paperback reprint ( 8.2 '' x 11 '' ) on September 28 , 2010 . Both collected versions are smaller than the original Treasury Editions ( 10 '' x 13.5 '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4a8657c06afb438f60bf922db251712", "text": "Death's Head Death 's Head is a fictional character appearing in British comics and American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is depicted as a robotic bounty hunter ( or rather , as he calls himself , a `` freelance peace-keeping agent '' ) . The character was created by writer Simon Furman and artist Geoff Senior for the company 's Marvel UK imprint . Furman decided to use Death 's Head in his Transformers stories , but believed that characters appearing in Transformers `` were prone to be absorbed into that title 's catchall copyright '' ( allowing Hasbro to contest their ownership ) and led to a one-page strip titled `` High Noon Tex '' ( which was subsequently published in various Marvel UK titles ) being hastily created to establish Marvel 's ownership of the character . Furman has stated that he chose the name Death 's Head for the character while unaware of the `` Nazi-connotations of the name '' . The character was later redesigned and relaunched as Death 's Head II , acting as one of the flagship characters for Marvel UK 's 1990s expansion . This version of Death 's Head also inspired two spin-off characters , Death Wreck and Death Metal , each of which starred in its own limited series . Later , in 2005 , fans used a poll on Marvel 's website to vote for the character 's return . This led to a third version of Death 's Head , Death 's Head 3.0 , created by original Death 's Head writer Simon Furman . Simon Furman said in 2011 that the character was still popular because `` he 'll never change or compromise or grow or repent or agonise like most comic book characters . He 's this unchanging , uncompromising rock that other characters bounce off . But you still kind of love him . Weird . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96755d5fbc3315f0d7c6c2a2a5cf7c88", "text": "Krypton (comics) Krypton , a planet appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . The planet is the native world of Superman and is named after the element krypton , which is abundant in its atmosphere . The planet was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster , and was first referred to in Action Comics # 1 ( June 1938 ) . The planet made its first full appearance in Superman # 1 ( Summer 1939 ) . Krypton is also the native world of Supergirl , Krypto the Superdog , and Power Girl ( in her case , an alternate-universe version designated `` Krypton-Two '' ) . It has been consistently described as having been destroyed shortly after Superman 's flight from the planet , although the exact details of its destruction vary by time period and writers . Kryptonians were the dominant species on Krypton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced05eef9ffac83662b4e2c14f405499", "text": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities . Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel . Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 . In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
d35b63776baa2f1a7895c4cf0b555758	Robert Wagner wrote his autobiography by himself.	[ { "docid": "d82dac27cf534b3aa440d948aba45c6e", "text": "Robert Wagner Robert John Wagner , Jr. ( pronounced -LSB- ˈwægnər -RSB- born February 10 , 1930 ) is an American actor of stage , screen , and television , best known for starring in the television shows It Takes a Thief ( 1968 -- 70 ) , Switch ( 1975 -- 78 ) , and Hart to Hart ( 1979 -- 84 ) . He also had a recurring role as Teddy Leopold on the TV sitcom Two and a Half Men and has a recurring role as Anthony DiNozzo Sr. on the police procedural NCIS . In movies , Wagner is known for his role as Number Two in the Austin Powers trilogy of films ( 1997 , 1999 , 2002 ) , as well as for A Kiss Before Dying , The Pink Panther , Harper , The Towering Inferno and many more . Wagner 's autobiography , Pieces of My Heart : A Life , written with author Scott Eyman , was published on September 23 , 2008 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "381e5d15a114d507ef5106618c2b7543", "text": "Cello Concerto (Schumann) The Cello Concerto in A minor , Op. 129 , by Robert Schumann was completed in a period of only two weeks , between 10 October and 24 October 1850 , shortly after Schumann became the music director at Düsseldorf . The concerto was never played in Schumann 's lifetime . It was premiered on 9 June 1860 , four years after his death , at the Leipzig Conservatory in a concert in honour of the 50th anniversary of Schumann 's birth , with Ludwig Ebert as soloist . The length of a typical performance is about 25 minutes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f57b8a06c03932dac711b32dec4c446", "text": "Die Feen Die Feen ( -LSB- diː feːn -RSB- , The Fairies ) is an opera in three acts by Richard Wagner . The German libretto was written by the composer after Carlo Gozzi 's La donna serpente . Die Feen was Wagner 's first completed opera , but remained unperformed in his lifetime . It has never established itself firmly in the operatic repertory although it receives occasional performances , on stage or in concert , most often in Germany . The opera is available on CD and in a DVD . The overture has been separately recorded . Although the music of Die Feen shows the influences of Carl Maria von Weber and other composers of the time , commentators have recognised embryonic features of the mature Wagnerian opera . The fantasy plot also anticipates themes such as redemption that were to reappear in his later works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9e4342bda07f98acc1f9e8a75884ab3", "text": "Nietzsche contra Wagner `` Nietzsche contra Wagner '' is a critical essay by Friedrich Nietzsche , composed of recycled passages from his past works . It was written in his last year of lucidity ( 1888 -- 1889 ) , but was not published until 1895 , six years after his mental collapse . Nietzsche describes in this short work why he parted ways with his one-time idol and friend , Richard Wagner . Nietzsche attacks Wagner 's views , expressing disappointment and frustration in Wagner 's life choices ( such as his conversion to Christianity , perceived as a sign of weakness ) . Nietzsche evaluates Wagner 's philosophy on tonality , music and art ; he admires Wagner 's power to emote and express himself , but largely disdains what Nietzsche calls his religious biases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdf6d1275954f2751f70357ff68bf2d1", "text": "Kreisleriana Kreisleriana , Op. 16 , is a composition in eight movements by Robert Schumann for solo piano , subtitled . It was written in only four days in April 1838 and a revised version appeared in 1850 . The work was dedicated to Frédéric Chopin , but when a copy was sent to the Polish composer , `` he commented favorably only on the design of the title page '' . Kreisleriana is a very dramatic work and is considered to be one of Schumann 's finest compositions . In 1839 , soon after publishing it , Schumann called it in a letter `` my favourite work , '' remarking that `` The title conveys nothing to any but Germans . Kreisler is one of E. T. A. Hoffmann 's creations , an eccentric , wild , and witty conductor . '' In 1843 , when he had moved from writing for solo piano to much larger works , in particular Paradise and the Peri , he still listed it as one of his best piano works The work 's title was inspired by the character of Johannes Kreisler from works of E. T. A. Hoffmann . Like the kaleidoscopic Kreisler , each number has multiple contrasting sections , resembling the imaginary musician 's manic-depression , and recalling Schumann 's own `` Florestan '' and `` Eusebius , '' the two characters Schumann used to indicate his own contrasting impulsive and dreamy sides . Johannes Kreisler appears in several books by Hoffmann , including Kater Murr and most notably in the Kreisleriana section of , published in 1814 . In a letter to Clara , Schumann reveals that she has figured largely in the composition of Kreisleriana : `` I 'm overflowing with music and beautiful melodies now - imagine , since my last letter I 've finished another whole notebook of new pieces . I intend to call it Kreisleriana . You and one of your ideas play the main role in it , and I want to dedicate it to you - yes , to you and nobody else - and then you will smile so sweetly when you discover yourself in it . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e900b1b9209580e49d3b64bec191ea67", "text": "The Sondheim Review The Sondheim Review is a quarterly magazine published in Chicago , United States , since 1994 and , per its tagline , is `` Dedicated to the work of the Musical Theatre 's foremost composer and lyricist , '' Stephen Sondheim . It is edited by Cincinnati theatre critic Rick Pender , and its editorial board includes theatre columnist John Olson and drama critic Eric Grode . Sondheim himself has written occasional short items for the magazine , although he is not formally connected with the magazine in any way . The Sondheim Review has not published since new subscriptions were to begin in 2016 ; the Website is defunct and many subscribers are without refunds for the 2016-2017 subscription season . At present , www.sondheimreview.com uses an invalid security certificate that expired on December 19th 2016 6:59 PM The Sondheim Review also maintains a low-activity web site that includes one free article from each issue and a list of upcoming Sondheim productions primarily in the United States and Canada . Available primarily by subscription in all 50 states , The Sondheim Review has subscribers in over 25 countries , as Sondheim 's work is widely acclaimed and respected , even in non-English speaking countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bddd04101694a273fb8cc05a93b7d51", "text": "Malwida von Meysenbug Malwida von Meysenbug ( 28 October 1816 -- 23 April 1903 ) was a German writer , her work including Memories of an Idealist , the first volume of which she published anonymously in 1869 . As well , she was a friend of Friedrich Nietzsche and Richard Wagner , and met the French writer Romain Rolland in Rome in 1890 . Von Meysenbug was born at Kassel , Hesse . Her father Carl Rivalier descended from a family of French Huguenots , and received the title of Baron of Meysenbug from William I of Hesse-Kassel . The ninth of ten children , she broke with her family because of her political convictions . Two of her brothers made brilliant careers , one as a minister of state in Austria , and the other as Minister of the Karlsruhe . Von Meysenbug , however , refused to appeal to her family and lived first by joining a free community in Hamburg , and then by immigrating in 1852 to England where she lived by teaching and translating works . There , she met the republicans Ledru-Rollin , Louis Blanc , and Gottfried Kinkel , all political refugees ; the young Carl Schurz also became acquainted with her there . In 1862 von Meysenbug went to Italy with Olga Herzen , the daughter of Alexander Herzen , known as the `` father of Russian socialism '' ( and whose daughters she taught ) and resided there . Olga Herzen married Gabriel Monod in 1873 and established herself in France , but Malwida 's poor health obstructed her from joining her . Von Meysenbug introduced Nietzsche to several of his friends , including Helene von Druskowitz . She invited Paul Rée and Nietzsche to Sorrento , a town which overlooks the bay of Naples , in the autumn of 1876 . There , Rée wrote The Origins of Moral Sensations , and Nietzsche began Human , All Too Human . In 1901 von Meysenbug was the first woman ever to be nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature after having been nominated by the French historian Gabriel Monod . Malwida von Meysenbug died in Rome in 1903 and is buried in the Protestant Cemetery in the city .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dee973fb6f53eebc055e72609412a1c7", "text": "Concert piece A concert piece ( German : Konzertstück , also Concertstuck ; French : pièce de concert , also morceau de concert ) is a musical composition , in most cases in one movement , intended for performance in a concert . Usually it is written for one or more virtuoso instrumental soloists and orchestral or piano accompaniment . In some cases concert pieces start with a separate opening movement , or are otherwise in more than one movement or section . A piece that presents itself as a miniature concerto is rather called concertino than concert piece , although in German several such concertinos are known as Konzertstücke . For instance Siegfried Wagner 's Flute Concertino was published as . Incomplete concerto movements by Beethoven and Schubert were retroactively designated as concert pieces . Schumann 's 1841 Fantasia for piano and orchestra , in form similar to Weber 's Konzertstück , was later rewritten and expanded with two further movements into his Piano Concerto Op. 54 . When the soloist is a vocalist , the piece rather belongs to the concert aria genre . Some concert pieces are written for instrumental soloists exclusively , while also concert pieces for orchestra without soloist exist . In this sense as well Chopin 's Allegro de concert for solo piano as Tchaikovsky 's Romeo and Juliet for orchestra can be called concert pieces . A concert overture is an overture which is conceived as a stand-alone concert piece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5301c7fd4b4f14b910da91903bf81aa", "text": "Neo-romanticism The term neo-romanticism is used to cover a variety of movements in philosophy , literature , music , painting , and architecture , as well as social movements , that exist after and incorporate elements from the era of Romanticism . It has been used with reference to late-19th-century composers such as Richard Wagner particularly by Carl Dahlhaus who describes his music as `` a late flowering of romanticism in a positivist age '' . He regards it as synonymous with `` the age of Wagner '' , from about 1850 until 1890 -- the start of the era of modernism , whose leading early representatives were Richard Strauss and Gustav Mahler . It has been applied to writers , painters , and composers who rejected , abandoned , or opposed realism , naturalism , or avant-garde modernism at various points in time from about 1840 down to the present .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0595d2b6d20b844f79d9eba3ba644f06", "text": "Jack Wagner (announcer) Jack Francis Wagner ( December 17 , 1925 -- June 16 , 1995 ) was an American radio personality and actor best known for his association with Disneyland . He is famous for the various announcements over the park PA , for parades , special events , etc. . He also did voice work for the Walt Disney World Resort , and for the attractions themselves , including instructions , emergency precautions , and safety spiels . Because of the prevalence of his voice over the park , his nickname was `` The Voice of Disneyland '' . The most famous of these announcements is the message signaling that the Walt Disney World Monorail 's doors are closing . This spiel is as follows : `` Please stand clear of the doors . Por favor manténgase alejado de las puertas . '' One of his most famous lines is from a safety spiel at the Matterhorn Bobsleds attraction : `` Remain seated please ; permanecer sentados por favor . '' This line is reprised in the nostalgic fireworks show `` Remember ... Dreams Come True '' , and is also a line in the film Toy Story 2 ( said by Barbie , who was voiced by Jodi Benson ) , as well as the episode `` Rollercoaster : The Musical ! '' in the Phineas and Ferb Disney animated series . The original recording can also be heard in the opening seconds of Anaheim ska punk band No Doubt 's `` Tragic Kingdom '' , a song from the album of the same name . Wagner also enjoyed a lengthy career as a radio announcer at KNX in Los Angeles , and as a television actor , his best-known role being that of the malt-shop proprietor in The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet . He was the younger brother of noted choral director Roger Wagner . Wagner 's son Mike , a former disc jockey and radio programmer , is a Disney executive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d58ae340f2c1163da318563132bbb64", "text": "Bastien und Bastienne Bastien und Bastienne ( Bastien and Bastienne ) , K. 50 ( revised in 1964 to K. 46b ) is a one-act singspiel , a comic opera , by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . Bastien und Bastienne was one of Mozart 's earliest operas , written in 1768 when he was only twelve years old . It was allegedly commissioned by Viennese physician and ` magnetist ' Dr. Franz Mesmer ( who himself would later be parodied in Così fan tutte ) as a satire of the ` pastoral ' genre then prevalent , and specifically as a parody of the opera Le devin du village by Jean-Jacques Rousseau . The German libretto is by Friedrich Wilhelm Weiskern , and Johann Andreas Schachtner , based on Les Amours de Bastien et Bastienne by Justine Favart and Harny de Guerville . After its supposed premiere in Mesmer 's garden theater ( that is only corroborated by an unverified account of Nissen ) , it was not revived again until 1890 . It is not clear whether this piece was performed in Mozart 's lifetime . The first known performance was on 2 October 1890 at Architektenhaus in Berlin . The opera is written in both French and German manners . Many of the melodies are French in manner , but Bastienne 's first aria is true German lied . This melody is also used in Mozart 's Trio in G for Piano , Violin and Violoncello , K. 564 ( 1788 ) . Another purely German lied is Bastienne 's aria `` I feel certain of his heart '' . Mozart utilizes the orchestra sparingly , with the exception of the reconciliation scene . Mozart 's overture uses the same opening theme as Beethoven 's Symphony No. 3 , the Eroica . It is doubtful that Beethoven was familiar with this then unpublished piece . A likely explanation is that both composers took the theme from another unknown source . Although he was very young , Mozart already had excellent vocal writing skills and a knack for parody and whimsy which would reach full flower in his later works . Bastien und Bastienne is possibly the easiest to perform of Mozart 's juvenile works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94fc93c04b1e634cc2c8cc8d5a6dc549", "text": "Prometheus (opera) Prometheus is an operatic ` Szenisches Oratorium ' ( ` scenic oratorio ' ) in five scenes by Rudolf Wagner-Régeny , with a German libretto by the composer after Aeschylus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df423b9676e7b92a0bf05d0a08284e0c", "text": "C. Peter Wagner Charles Peter Wagner ( August 15 , 1930 -- October 21 , 2016 ) was an theologian , missiologist , missionary , writer , teacher , and church growth specialist best known for his controversial writings on spiritual warfare . Wagner served as a missionary in Bolivia under the South American Mission and Andes Evangelical Mission ( now SIM International ) from 1956 to 1971 . He then served for 30 years ( 1971 to 2001 ) as Professor of Church Growth at the Fuller Theological Seminary 's School of World Missions until his retirement in 2001 . He is the author of more than 70 books . He was the president of Global Harvest Ministries from 1993 to 2011 and served as the chancellor emeritus of Wagner Leadership Institute , which trains leaders to join in a movement known as the New Apostolic Reformation , an organization Wagner also helped found . He was also the vice president of Global Spheres , Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c428c51deeabe3c820054249f8910650", "text": "Die Walküre Die Walküre ( The Valkyrie ) , WWV 86B , is a music drama in three acts by Richard Wagner with a German libretto by the composer . It is the second of the four works that form Wagner 's cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen ( The Ring of the Nibelung ) . The story of Die Walküre is based on the Norse mythology told in the Volsunga Saga and the Poetic Edda . In Norse mythology , a valkyrie is one in a group of female figures who decide which soldiers die in battle and which live . Die Walküre 's best-known excerpt is the `` Ride of the Valkyries '' . It received its premiere at the Königliches Hof - und National-Theater in Munich on 26 June 1870 . Wagner originally intended the work to be premiered as part of the entire cycle , but was forced to allow the performance at the insistence of his patron King Ludwig II of Bavaria . It was first presented as part of the complete cycle on 14 August 1876 at Wagner 's Bayreuth Festival . The work made its United States premiere at the Academy of Music in New York on 2 April 1877 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e6d772a5453b63edcae15326a9c4366", "text": "Walter Wagner (notary) Walter Wagner ( 1907 or 1908 -- May 1945 ) was the notary who married Adolf Hitler to Eva Braun in the Führerbunker on 29 April 1945 . Wagner was a lawyer , and a member of the Nazi Party . He was known to Joseph Goebbels , who had previously worked with him in Berlin . As the Allies approached Berlin he had been drafted into the army . When Hitler told Goebbels of his intention to marry , Goebbels had Wagner summoned to the bunker . When he arrived on 28 April he discovered that the proper paperwork was not available . Later that evening he had obtained the documentation and was able to perform the ceremony just after midnight . The event was witnessed by Goebbels and Martin Bormann . Immediately afterwards Wagner rejoined his unit . He was killed only a few days later during the Battle of Berlin . The scene of Hitler 's wedding is depicted in the films Hitler : The Last Ten Days , The Bunker and Der Untergang ( Downfall ) , all of which portray Wagner , in accordance with Nazi law , asking Hitler and Braun to confirm that they were of pure `` Aryan '' descent before the marriage can proceed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66fe76ba5345574a0966a009f5f7c557", "text": "Wesendonck Lieder , WWV 91 , is the common name of a set of five songs for female voice and piano by Richard Wagner , Fünf Gedichte für eine Frauenstimme ( Five Poems for a Female Voice ) . He set five poems by Mathilde Wesendonck while he was working on his opera Tristan und Isolde . The songs , together with the Siegfried Idyll , are the two non-operatic works by Wagner most regularly performed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0dd33f0ee3198329b9f517c7c943c0a9", "text": "Wolfram Wagner Wolfram Wagner ( born 28 September 1962 in Vienna ) is an Austrian composer and flautist . He graduated from the University of Music in Vienna , Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London and the Frankfurt Conservatory . In 1992 he was appointed professor of harmony and counterpoint at the University of Music in Vienna . He has also lectured at the Conservatory in Paris and at Amsterdam and Greensboro Universities . As of 2012 , Wagner has composed three operas , one ballet , three oratorios and several orchestral works . One of his best received works has been Fantasie No. 1 for flute and cello . He has also recorded `` Secundum Scripturas '' with the mixed Vienna Chamber Choir . To celebrate his 50th birthday , in September 2012 , Wagner put on a special concert at the ACF London with Holger Busch , Jörg Wachsenegger and Gerhard Waiz ( TRIS ) , playing trios Mozart 's Kegelstatttrio , Gestural Variations by Graham Waterhouse , Mark Anthony Turnage 's Cortège for Chrisand , and a new work by Wagner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "125617ad3842f909d3963b03605d5249", "text": "U2 by U2 U2 by U2 is an autobiography written by the members of Irish rock band U2 and first published in London by HarperCollins in 2005 . Bono , The Edge , Adam Clayton , and Larry Mullen Jr. collaborated with their friend Neil McCormick , a staff music writer for The Daily Telegraph to write the only authorized biography of the band . It portrays the story of U2 in their own words and pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3edcf6198a13052cf6c413bb8045be69", "text": "Wagner (disambiguation) Richard Wagner ( 1813 -- 1883 ) was a German composer . Wagner may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "906eb5a088a037e7c38e6d876fd6756e", "text": "Anton van Rooy Anton van Rooy ( 1 January 1870 -- 28 November 1932 ) was a Dutch bass-baritone . He had a voice of enormous proportions and is most remembered for his association with the music dramas of Richard Wagner , especially the Ring Cycle , The Mastersingers of Nuremberg and Parsifal . Born in Rotterdam , van Rooy studied with the famous voice teacher Julius Stockhausen in Frankfurt . He made his operatic debut at the Bayreuth Festival in 1897 , singing Wotan in Der Ring des Nibelungen . The year 1898 saw his debuts in Berlin and at the Royal Opera House in London ; and on 14 December that same year he sang for the first time at the Metropolitan Opera , New York City , as Wotan in Die Walküre . He remained with the Met until 1908 , during which time he was heard in all the leading baritone Wagnerian roles . Most notably , he created Amfortas in the American premiere of Parsifal in 1903 . Four years later , he created the part of John the Baptist in the initial New York production of Richard Strauss 's then controversial opera , Salome . Van Rooy also continued to sing regularly at Bayreuth until 1903 , when he was banned by Cosima Wagner from any further performances at the festival , because the Met performances of Parsifal that he had participated in breached German copyright law . His appearances in London spanned the years 1898-1913 . He made gramophone discs and cylinder recordings , too , and was a noted song recitalist and soloist in oratorio . Although the acoustically recorded discs and cylinders that van Rooy cut during the early 1900s were incapable of capturing the full majesty of his voice , they do demonstrate the strength of his high notes , the dark beauty of his tone and the sensitivity of his phrasing . They show why , to quote the Oxford Dictionary of Opera ( second edition ) , `` he was considered the finest -LSB- Hans -RSB- Sachs , Kurwenal and Wotan of the first decade '' of the 20th century . ( Fortunately , some of his recordings are available on CD reissues . ) After leaving the Metropolitan Opera , van Rooy became the leading Wagnerian baritone of the Frankfurt Opera ; but by this juncture his voice had deteriorated prematurely due to vigorous over-use and his willingness to sing roles with a higher range than was ideal for his sonorous instrument . Anton van Rooy died in Munich in 1932 , at the age of 62 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a578f296d325bd3bef4341705ff0440", "text": "Polonia (Wagner) Polonia ( WWV 39 ) is a concert overture written by Richard Wagner . Wagner completed Polonia in 1836 , although it has been suggested that it may have been drafted as early as 1832 . Wagner states that Polonia resulted from a `` dreamlike evening '' in Leipzig when he heard uninterrupted Polish songs at a celebration of May 3rd Constitution Day in 1832 . He composed the work later in Berlin in May-July 1836 , and gave its first performance in Königsberg the following winter . The work , which is in sonata form , contains references to Polish folksong . Wagner apparently took the manuscript of the score with him to Paris in 1839 . He thought it had been lost during his visit , but it was returned to him by the conductor Jules Pasdeloup in 1869 . Discussing the overture with his wife Cosima on Christmas Day 1881 , Wagner opined that `` with a military band for the people , as I thought of everything at the time , it would have sounded splendid and made a great effect . '' The composer 's manuscript of his piano arrangement of the score , which he made in 1840 , is in the Stefan Zweig Collection at the British Library . Zweig acquired the manuscript from a dealer in Vienna in 1937 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0f4bb015bb6e8422940342a5eabb9c29	Angelina Jolie was in Salt.	[ { "docid": "db74a063a1fb321b8256d8823c616b35", "text": "Angelina Jolie Angelina Jolie Pitt ( -LSB- dʒoʊˈliː -RSB- ; née Voight ; born June 4 , 1975 ) is an American actress , filmmaker , philanthropist and humanitarian . She has received an Academy Award , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , and three Golden Globe Awards , and has been cited as Hollywood 's highest-paid actress . Jolie made her screen debut as a child alongside her father , Jon Voight , in Lookin ' to Get Out ( 1982 ) . Her film career began in earnest a decade later with the low-budget production Cyborg 2 ( 1993 ) , followed by her first leading role in a major film , Hackers ( 1995 ) . She starred in the critically acclaimed biographical cable films George Wallace ( 1997 ) and Gia ( 1998 ) , and won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the drama Girl , Interrupted ( 1999 ) . Jolie 's starring role as the video game heroine Lara Croft in Lara Croft : Tomb Raider ( 2001 ) established her as a leading Hollywood actress . She continued her successful action-star career with Mr. & Mrs. Smith ( 2005 ) , Wanted ( 2008 ) , and Salt ( 2010 ) , and received critical acclaim for her performances in the dramas A Mighty Heart ( 2007 ) and Changeling ( 2008 ) , which earned her a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actress . Beginning in the 2010s , she expanded her career into directing , screenwriting , and producing , starting with the wartime dramas In the Land of Blood and Honey ( 2011 ) and Unbroken ( 2014 ) . Her biggest commercial success came with the fantasy picture Maleficent ( 2014 ) . In addition to her film career , Jolie is noted for her humanitarian efforts , for which she has received a Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award and an honorary damehood of the Order of St Michael and St George ( DCMG ) , among other honors . She promotes various causes , including conservation , education , and women 's rights , and is most noted for her advocacy on behalf of refugees as a Special Envoy for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ( UNHCR ) . As a public figure , Jolie has been cited as one of the most influential and powerful people in the American entertainment industry , as well as the world 's most beautiful woman , by various media outlets . Her personal life is the subject of wide publicity . Divorced from actors Jonny Lee Miller and Billy Bob Thornton , she separated from her third husband , actor Brad Pitt , in September 2016 . They have six children together , three of whom were adopted internationally .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1b86c8e8354e9fa5bb5124304ee6a900", "text": "Salta, Cumbria Salta is a hamlet in the parish of Holme St Cuthbert in northwestern Cumbria , United Kingdom . It is located 1.1 mi southwest of the village of Mawbray , and 25.1 mi southwest of the city of Carlisle . It has a population of about 35 people . Salta can only be accessed from the lane from Mawbray , which goes on to join the B5300 coast road , although two public bridleways provide access over the fields from Hailforth and Mawbray . The hamlet consists of mainly bungalows , and a farm is still in operation in the vicinity . A caravan park , Manor House Park , is situated across the Moss to the southeast , to the southwest of the hamlet of Edderside . The settlement 's name is derived from `` sēalt-tir '' , meaning `` salt land '' in Old English , as during Anglo-Saxon times , salt making was a major industry on the Solway Plain . Fortified during the Roman period , in the 1550s , Salta participated in a system called `` seawake '' , a night watch to guard the coast against incursions across the Solway by the Scots . Salta Moss was designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1954 and forms part of the Solway Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty . It is home to a diversity of wildlife , including Adders , Britain 's only native venomous snake , and several varieties of heather , as well as the purple moor grass Molinia caerulea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ea349067fef6cfd044d0d890f808755", "text": "Mineral spring Mineral springs are naturally occurring springs that produce water containing minerals , or other dissolved substances , that alter its taste or give it a purported therapeutic value . Salts , sulfur compounds , and gases are among the substances that can be dissolved in the spring water during its passage underground . Mineral water obtained from mineral springs has long been an important commercial proposition . Mineral spas are resorts that have developed around mineral springs , where ( often wealthy ) patrons would repair to `` take the waters '' -- meaning that they would drink ( see hydrotherapy and water cure ) or bathe in ( see balneotherapy ) the mineral water . Historical mineral springs were often outfitted with elaborate stone-works -- including artificial pools , retaining walls , colonnades and roofs -- sometimes in the form of fanciful `` Greek temples '' , gazebos or pagodas . Others were entirely enclosed within spring houses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33f83b9608e91514becb4690c912d38f", "text": "Dead Sea salt Dead Sea salt refers to salt extracted or taken from the Dead Sea . The Dead Sea is popular with tourists from all over the world for its reputed therapeutic effects . The water of the Dead Sea has a salt content of 29 % , compared to 4 % in the oceans , and is consequently substantially denser . This allows anyone to easily float on Dead Sea water because of its greater density . Its mineral composition is also different from ocean water since only 12 -- 18 % of Dead Sea salt is sodium chloride . A 2006 analysis of a commercial Dead Sea Salt product measured a 2.5 % sodium chloride content ; by comparison , 85 % of the salt in normal ocean water is sodium chloride .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96d7d05164d5aa8df4df54a334e67569", "text": "Green Salt Project The Green Salt Project ( also known as the `` Project 1-11 '' ) is an alleged secretive Iranian entity focusing on uranium processing , high explosives and a missile warhead design . The Green Salt Project derives its name from uranium tetrafluoride , also known as green salt , an intermediate product in the conversion of uranium ore into uranium hexafluoride -- a toxic gas that can undergo enrichment or purification into fuel for nuclear reactors or bombs . Uranium tetrafluoride has also been used as the source of metallic uranium for Magnox reactor fuel elements via chemical reduction . Since the International Atomic Energy Agency began investigating Iranian nuclear activities in 2002 , the IAEA has discovered a series of clandestine nuclear activities , some of which violated Iran 's safeguards agreement with the agency . The Green Salt Project is allegedly among these projects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdcb48733df6e5448c0563ace35468b8", "text": "Salt-N-Pepa Salt-N-Pepa is an American hip hop trio from Queens , New York . The group , consisting of Cheryl James ( `` Salt '' ) , Sandra Denton ( `` Pepa '' ) and originally Latoya Hanson , who was replaced in 1986 by Deidra Roper ( `` DJ Spinderella '' ) , was formed in 1985 and was one of the first all-female rap groups . They won the 1995 Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72b7b0028e3c6ebaee68f443a425c3e6", "text": "Salina Veche Salina Veche is an old salt mine , located in Slănic , Prahova County , Romania , just 100 km north of Bucharest . The salt mine is closed for extraction purposes , but is open for visitors , featuring a microclimate with natural air-conditioning and constant temperature and atmospheric pressure throughout the year . It is made up of two levels , named Unirea and Mihai . Many of the visitors come for its supposed healing effects due to the purity of the air . Throughout the mine you will find various types of equipment for recreational activity such as playground equipment and some ping-pong tables . One area is sectioned off and is being used for medical patients with lung cancer to come and rest . The main elevator shaft is unique in that it has no metallic parts due to rust . After an elevator accident in 2014 , minivans are used to spiral visitors up and down .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0477890d2323c498f3e8d3f2c3254cf0", "text": "Fleur de sel Fleur de sel ( `` flower of salt '' in French ; -LSB- flœʁ də sɛl -RSB- ) or flor de sal ( also `` flower of salt '' in Portuguese , Spanish and Catalan ) is a salt that forms as a thin , delicate crust on the surface of seawater as it evaporates . Fleur de sel has been collected since ancient times ( it was mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his book Natural History ) , although it was traditionally used as a purgative and salve . It is now used as a finishing salt to flavor and garnish food . The name comes from the flower-like patterns of crystals in the salt crust .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57bd4743b0a659a6ef2b2f63a30362ff", "text": "Sid the Slug Sid the Slug is an advertising character employed by the Food Standards Agency ( FSA ) in the United Kingdom as the face of the `` Salt - Watch it '' campaign to warn the public of the risks of excessive salt consumption . The multimedia campaign , including advertising hoardings , television commercials and Internet coverage , was based on the premise that salt kills slugs , and can harm humans too . The campaign infuriated the Salt Manufacturers ' Association ( SMA ) , who complained to the Advertising Standards Authority - their complaint being that the information presented was misleading . The Advertising Standards Authority did not uphold the SMA complaint in its adjudication . The ASA had to deal with another complaint from a member of the public , that the use of the name `` Sid '' was offensive ; this was also rejected , with the ASA instead arguing that most people would find it `` humorous '' . A member of the public complained to the FSA that the Welsh subtitles in the ` Sid the Slug ' TV advertisements meant the FSA was not treating English and Welsh equally , as is required by the FSA Welsh Language Scheme . The FSA replied that the animation could not have been dubbed into Welsh successfully , hence the subtitles . However , the FSA accepted that it had not complied with advertising conduct , as set by the Welsh Language Board .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a3a5308cb853c2a161a1409c98bf883", "text": "Supercouple A supercouple or super couple ( also known as a power couple ) is a popular or wealthy pairing that intrigues and fascinates the public in an intense or obsessive fashion . The term originated in the United States , and was coined in the early 1980s when intense public interest in fictional soap opera couple Luke Spencer and Laura Webber , from General Hospital , made the pair a popular culture phenomenon . The term supercouple typically refers to fictional couples from television dramas and film , such as Gone with the Winds Rhett Butler and Scarlett O'Hara . With regard to real-life pairings , tabloids and the mainstream media have focused on wealthy or popular celebrity couples , and have titled them supercouples or power couples . Examples are the former pairing of Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez ( which became known by the portmanteau `` Bennifer '' ) , and the former relationship of Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie ( `` Brangelina '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "899e773ae1e2e9da3d4cb6eee886124d", "text": "Kainite Kainite ( KMg ( SO4 ) Cl · 3H2O ) is an evaporite mineral in the class of `` Sulfates ( selenates , etc. ) with additional anions , with H2O '' according to the Nickel-Strunz classification . It is a hydrated potassium-magnesium sulfate-chloride , naturally occurring in irregular granular masses or as crystalline coatings in cavities or fissures . This mineral is dull and soft , and is colored white , yellowish , grey , reddish , or blue to violet . Its name is derived from Greek καινος -LSB- kainos -RSB- ( '' ( hitherto ) unknown '' ) , as it was the first mineral discovered that contained both sulfate and chloride as anions . Kainite forms monoclinic crystals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c01f28055052d02404239f667b839b6", "text": "Un peu de poivre, un peu de sel `` Un peu de poivre , un peu de sel '' ( `` A bit of pepper , a bit of salt '' ) was the Belgian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1966 , performed in French by Tonia . The song was performed third on the night , following Denmark 's Ulla Pia with `` Stop - mens legen er go ' '' and preceding Luxembourg 's Michèle Torr with `` Ce soir je t ` attendais '' . At the close of voting , it had received 14 points , placing 4th in a field of 18 . The song deals with the singer 's quest to impress the object of her affections , whom she sees every day but ca n't make look at her twice . In desperation , she enlists the help of `` the local sorceress '' , who gives her a recipe to create a love potion . Perhaps unsurprisingly , the potion does its job . Tonia also recorded the song in Dutch , then under the title `` Een beetje suiker '' ( `` A Little Sugar '' ) . It was succeeded as Belgian representative at the 1967 Contest by Louis Neefs performing `` Ik heb zorgen '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43f9e65817132e60b972d49bfea00cae", "text": "Open-pan salt making Open-pan salt making is a method of salt production wherein salt is extracted from the brine using vacuum pans . The brine is heated in a partial vacuum to lower the boiling point . In the past salt has been extracted by heating the brine in pans operating at normal atmospheric pressure , known as open pans . Virtually all European domestic salt is obtained by solution mining of underground salt formations although some is still obtained by the solar evaporation of sea water .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e759d61ed690bdfb6ecd9c8813397304", "text": "Liquorice (confectionery) Liquorice ( British English ) or licorice ( American English ) is a confection usually flavoured with the extract of the roots of the liquorice plant Glycyrrhiza glabra . A wide variety of liquorice sweets are produced around the world . In North America , black licorice is distinguished from similar confectionery varieties that are not flavoured with liquorice extract but commonly manufactured in the form of chewy ropes or tubes . So called `` black licorice '' is also a widespread flavour in other forms of confectionery such as jellybeans . In addition to these , various other liquorice-based sweets are sold in the United Kingdom , such as liquorice allsorts . Dutch and Nordic liquorice characteristically contains ammonium chloride instead of sodium chloride , prominently so in salty liquorice . The essential ingredients of liquorice confectionery are liquorice extract , sugar , and a binder . The base is typically starch/flour , gum arabic , gelatin or a combination thereof . Additional ingredients are extra flavouring , beeswax for a shiny surface , ammonium chloride and molasses . Ammonium chloride is mainly used in salty liquorice candy , with concentrations up to about 8 percent . However , even regular liquorice candy can contain up to 2 percent ammonium chloride , the taste of which is less prominent due to the higher sugar concentration . Some liquorice candy is flavoured with anise oil instead of or in combination with liquorice root extract .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40fe9ebae6d8e7afed6eb63db7f28a08", "text": "Adowlie An adowlie ( also adholee , adholy , adowly ) is an obsolete unit of dry volume and mass formerly used in western India a standard measurement for grain and salt . As a dry measure for salt , it equalled approximately 2.509 litres ( 2.28 quarts ) . As a measure of mass , it was roughly 1.982 kg ( 4.37 lb ) . A heavy adowlie was approximately 2.031 kg ( 4.478 lb ) After metrification in the mid-20th century , the unit became obsolete .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c86421e085f3ea1e0a52f25d2b39f79c", "text": "Salt Lake Comic Con Salt Lake Comic Con is a biannual multi-genre fan convention held in Salt Lake City , Utah , United States . It is produced by Dan Farr and Bryan Brandenburg under Dan Farr Productions in partnership with MediaOne of Utah . The first convention took place at the Salt Palace Convention Center in Salt Lake City . The second event , Salt Lake Comic Con FanXperience , took place in April 2014 . Since then , the main Salt Lake Comic Con event has been held at the beginning of September each year , and the FanXperience event has been held at the beginning of the year . The third event , Salt Lake Comic Con 2014 , took place on September 4 -- 6 , 2014 . The event was sold out with over 120,000 attendees and was closed down on several occasions by the fire marshal for safety reasons . The fourth event , the second annual FanXperience , was called Salt Lake Comic Con FanXperience 2015 and took place on January 29 -- 31 , 2015 . Ticket sales were capped at 50,000 , with attendance measuring just above that , ensuring a more `` streamlined '' event . The fifth event , Salt Lake Comic Con 2015 , took place on September 24 -- 26 , 2015 . The sixth event and the third annual FanXperience , Salt Lake Comic Con FanXperience 2016 , took place on March 24 -- 26 , 2016 at the Salt Palace Convention Center . The seventh event , Salt Lake Comic Con 2016 , took place on September 1 -- 3 , 2016 . The eighth event and the fourth annual FanXperience , Salt Lake Comic Con FanX 2017 , took place on March 17 -- 18 , 2017 . The ninth event , Salt Lake Comic Con 2017 , is scheduled to take place on September 21 -- 23 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf99c3a78d012c7de91e49e81c3f58c4", "text": "Old salt An `` old salt '' in the English-speaking naval services is often a raconteur , or teller of sea stories . Much of the history and traditions of the naval services are passed from generation to generation of service members by these sea stories as told and retold by old salts . Sea stories may be truthful , half-truths , or falsehoods . However , they always enhance the reputations of naval and Marine units , or individuals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "300a08ac38bd3a493ae3a2128c9212d5", "text": "Salt Reservations The Salt Reservations ( also known as the Salt Lands ) were a collection of land tracts surrounding salt springs in Ohio and some other states that were donated to the states by the federal government early in the 19th century . The United States had acquired the lands northwest of the Ohio River at the 1783 Treaty of Paris after the American Revolutionary War , and these lands were finally open to settlement . Leaders knew that in frontier lands such as the Ohio Country , salt was a precious and scarce commodity , especially for preserving meat in an era before refrigeration . Americans knew from explorers and Indians of the presence of springs of water containing salt . So that no one would buy the land upon which salt springs sat , and thus acquire a monopoly of a rare necessity of life , the national government reserved land from public sale on which salt springs were found .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cfe4220b92dfab3362033926985d577", "text": "Hot foot powder Hot foot powder is used in African American hoodoo folk magic to drive unwanted people away . It is a mixture of herbs and minerals , virtually always including cayenne pepper , and usually other ingredients such as sulfur , black pepper , graveyard dirt , bluestone , gunpowder or salt . It shares certain common uses with the Mexican sal negra or `` black salt . '' It also shows some overlapping uses with Goofer Dust , which also is known to create restlessness and drive people away . Harry M. Hyatt collected several recipes and spells for hot foot powder . Some modes of deploying hot foot collected by him include secreting a small amount into the victim 's shoes or clothing , mixing it with a victim 's foottrack , or placing a paper with the victim 's name into a bottle with hot foot powder and disposing of it in a river . In the 1930s song Hell Hound on My Trail , the famous blues musician Robert Johnson said , `` You sprinkled hot foot powder -LSB- ... -RSB- all around your daddy 's door / it keep me with ramblin ' mind , rider , every old place I go . '' In 2000 , the British rock guitarist Peter Green released a CD called `` Hot Foot Powder , '' containing 13 covers of songs written by Robert Johnson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0413f957d8b6291e229f1ae7fac02a33", "text": "World Youth Day 2002 The 17th World Youth Day 2002 ( WYD2002 ) was a Catholic youth festival held July 23-July 28 , 2002 , in Toronto , Canada . World Youth Day is a celebration of faith begun by Pope John Paul II held on an international level every two to three years , and WYD2002 was the 10th such event . It was also Pope John Paul II 's last World Youth day . An estimated 400,000-500 ,000 youths from all over the world participated in the week-long festival . Although WYD is designed for Catholics , it attracts sizable numbers of youths from other faiths and denominations and was presented as a multi-faith celebration of young people from all over the world . As the event is ultimately an expression of faith , and a critical expression of faith is through service to others , World Youth Day 2002 had the support of some 25,000 volunteers ; and some 100,000 pilgrims themselves spent three hours each on one of 750 service projects . The theme of the event was `` You are the salt of the earth ... you are the light of the world '' ( Matthew 5:13 -14 ) . The groundswell of Catholic spirituality following World Youth Day 2002 in Canada led to the establishment of Canada 's first national Catholic television network , Salt + Light Television . Fr . Thomas Rosica , who was the National Director of WYD2002 , is also the founder and Chief Executive Officer of this new television station .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dd133299e50ccf171df649731d6301c", "text": "Saltmarsh topminnow", "title": "" } ]	fever
0d266023fe478e04948e166b8655bae3	Dangerous Liaisons is exclusively a drama film.	[ { "docid": "c5144188456140c70c8270d93489a401", "text": "Dangerous Liaisons Dangerous Liaisons is a 1988 American historical drama film based upon Christopher Hampton 's play Les liaisons dangereuses , which in turn was a theatrical adaptation of the 18th-century French novel Les Liaisons dangereuses by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos . The film was directed by Stephen Frears . The performances of Glenn Close , John Malkovich and Michelle Pfeiffer , the cinematography of Philippe Rousselot , the costume design by James Acheson , and the screenplay by Christopher Hampton , garnered critical acclaim . Swoosie Kurtz , Mildred Natwick and Peter Capaldi appeared in supporting roles , as did the young , and then-relatively unknown , actors Keanu Reeves and Uma Thurman . The film was nominated for seven Academy Awards , including Best Picture ; it won those for Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Costume Design , and Best Art Direction .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ccd1f6917e7da5a86046ef187c814d4f", "text": "A Dangerous Method A Dangerous Method is a 2011 German-Canadian-American-British historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley , Viggo Mortensen , Michael Fassbender , and Vincent Cassel . The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure , which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr , A Most Dangerous Method : The story of Jung , Freud , and Sabina Spielrein . The film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen ( after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises ) . This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas , after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash . A Dangerous Method was a German/Canadian co-production . The film premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . Set on the eve of World War I , A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung , founder of analytical psychology ; Sigmund Freud , founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis ; and Sabina Spielrein , initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts . Among the film 's many honors , Mortensen was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d71df354bca1e37e69bba7c3dc8e01e", "text": "Les Liaisons dangereuses Les Liaisons dangereuses ( -LSB- le ljɛ.zɔ̃ dɑ̃.ʒə.ʁøz -RSB- ; Dangerous Liaisons ) is a French epistolary novel by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos , first published in four volumes by Durand Neveu from March 23 , 1782 . It is the story of the Marquise de Merteuil and the Vicomte de Valmont , two rivals ( and ex-lovers ) who use seduction as a weapon to humiliate and degrade others , all the while enjoying their cruel games and boasting about their manipulative talents . It has been claimed to depict the decadence of the French aristocracy shortly before the French Revolution , thereby exposing the perversions of the so-called Ancien Régime . However , it has also been described as an amoral story . As an epistolary novel , the book is composed entirely of letters written by the various characters to each other . In particular , the letters between Valmont and the Marquise drive the plot , with those of their victims and other characters serving as contrasting figures to give the story its depth . It is often claimed to be the source of the saying `` Revenge is a dish best served cold '' , a paraphrased translation of `` La vengeance est un plat qui se mange froid '' ( more literally , `` Revenge is a dish that is eaten cold '' ) . However , the expression does not actually occur in the original novel in any form .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ba2e1b0c0300f70c13081ed492ace87", "text": "This Woman Is Dangerous This Woman Is Dangerous is a 1952 American film noir crime-drama by Warner Bros. starring Joan Crawford , David Brian , and Dennis Morgan in a story about a gun moll 's romances with two different men . The screenplay by Geoffrey Homes and George Worthing Yates was based on a story by Bernard Girard . The film was directed by Felix E. Feist and produced by Robert Sisk . Soon after the film was released , Crawford left Warner Bros. studio . In 1973 , during the `` Legendary Ladies '' show at Town Hall , when asked , `` Which one of your films do you regret making ? '' Joan Crawford told the audience that she considered This Woman Is Dangerous her worst film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "466fa179779d944bc01227d49545b4aa", "text": "Macbeth (1971 film) Macbeth ( or The Tragedy of Macbeth ) is a 1971 British-American historical drama film directed by Roman Polanski and co-written by Polanski and Kenneth Tynan . A film adaptation of William Shakespeare 's tragedy of the same name , it retells the story of the Highland lord who becomes King of Scotland through treachery and murder . The film stars Jon Finch as the title character and Francesca Annis as Lady Macbeth , noted for their relative youth as actors . Themes of historic recurrence , greater pessimism and internal ugliness in physically beautiful characters are added to Shakespeare 's story of moral decline , which is presented in a more realistic style . The production , funded by Playboy Enterprises , was troubled by poor weather around the British Isles , and the film was a box office bomb . Polanski 's Macbeth was screened out of competition at the 1972 Cannes Film Festival . It was somewhat controversial for its depictions of graphic violence and nudity , but has also received positive attention , and was named Best Film by the National Board of Review .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0170bd307f85664bd09adb9b1a87acf9", "text": "Writing Drama Writing Drama ( French : La dramaturgie ) is a treatise by French writer and filmmaker Yves Lavandier , originally published in 1994 , revised in 1997 , 2004 , 2008 , 2011 and 2014 . The English version was translated from the French by Bernard Besserglik and published in 2005 . The book exists also in Italian , Spanish and Portuguese .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5efdc213a48f2941314db6204e92a7b", "text": "Les Côtelettes Les Côtelettes is a 2003 French drama film directed by Bertrand Blier . It was entered into the 2003 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d1e269d9f5b22fbdb3b7438810de037", "text": "The Public Woman The Public Woman ( La femme publique ) is a 1984 French drama film inspired by Dostoevsky 's novel Demons and directed by Andrzej Żuławski , starring Valérie Kaprisky , Lambert Wilson and Francis Huster as the lead actors . The film had a total of 1,302,425 admissions in France where it was the 28th highest-grossing film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0aaa707d429fb015faecae4dd238d5d0", "text": "The Passionate Friends The Passionate Friends is a 1949 British romantic drama film directed by David Lean . The film is based on The Passionate Friends : A Novel by H. G. Wells . It describes a love triangle in which a woman can not give up her affair with another man . The film was entered into the 1949 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a15fcd521628b7a8b84f015eefa53ce4", "text": "Redacted (film) Redacted is a 2007 American war film written and directed by Brian De Palma . It is a fictional dramatization , loosely based on the 2006 Mahmudiyah killings in Mahmoudiyah , Iraq , when U.S. Army soldiers raped an Iraqi girl and murdered her along with her family . This film , which is a companion to an earlier film by De Palma , 1989 's Casualties of War , was shot in Jordan . Redacted premiered at the 2007 Venice Film Festival , where it earned a Silver Lion `` best director '' award . It was also shown at the Toronto International Film Festival , the New York Film Festival and the Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema . The film opened in Spain , and in fifteen theaters in limited release in the United States on November 16 , 2007 . The film received mixed reactions from critics and a poor financial response in its limited U.S. release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ea482262b6da8a6a3dac6a0ba91e8f4", "text": "La Séparation La Séparation is a 1994 French romantic drama film directed by Christian Vincent and based on the novel La Séparation by Dan Franck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee02aaf7cf1eff088ea377a88da6786d", "text": "Romeo + Juliet William Shakespeare 's Romeo + Juliet ( shortened to Romeo + Juliet ) is a 1996 American romantic drama film directed , co-produced and co-written by Baz Luhrmann , co-produced by Gabriella Martinelli and co-written by Craig Pearce , being an adaption and modernization of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Romeo and Juliet . The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes in the leading roles of Romeo and Juliet , who instantly fall in love when Romeo crashes a party and meets her despite them being members of the Montague and Capulet family ; Brian Dennehy , John Leguizamo , Pete Postlethwaite , Paul Sorvino and Diane Venora star in supporting roles . While it retains the original Shakespearean dialogue , the Montagues and the Capulets are represented as warring mafia empires ( with legitimate business fronts ) and swords are replaced with guns ( with brand names such as `` Dagger '' and `` Sword '' ) . Some of the characters ' names are also changed . Lord and Lady Montague and Lord and Lady Capulet are given first names ( as opposed to the Shakespeare original where their first names are never mentioned ) , Friar Lawrence becomes Father Lawrence , and Prince Escalus is renamed Captain Prince . There is also no Friar John , who was in the original play . Also , some characters were switched from one family to the other -- in the original , Gregory and Sampson are Capulets , but in the film , they are Montagues . ( Abram , as Abra , and Petruchio , conversely , are shifted from the Montague to the Capulet family . ) In addition , a few plot details are shifted , most notably near the ending . The film was released on November 1 , 1996 by 20th Century Fox to commercial and generally critical success , grossing over $ 147.5 million over a $ 14.5 million budget and receiving generally positive reviews . At the 47th Berlin International Film Festival in 1997 , DiCaprio won the Silver Bear for Best Actor and Luhrmann won the Alfred Bauer Prize . Luhrmann was also nominated for the Golden Bear Award for Best Picture . At the 69th Academy Awards , Catherine Martin and Brigitte Broch were nominated for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f56cc1c1e220cab902690b4e5bf2abbc", "text": "Operation Diplomat (film) Operation Diplomat is a 1953 British drama film directed by John Guillermin and produced by Ernest G. Roy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "323b75cd8ef0ddbd1db1628e59384244", "text": "Drama of the Rich Fatti di gente perbene ( internationally released as Drama of the Rich and The Murri Affair ) is a 1974 Italian historical drama film directed by Mauro Bolognini . It is based on real events of a notorious 1902 murder trial . It was awarded with a David di Donatello for Best Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66479005f6c9d987c2348fa86f0d0f95", "text": "Lie with Me Lie with Me is a Canadian drama film with graphic , unsimulated sexual content that played at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival . It is based on the novel of the same name by Tamara Faith Berger . The film features Lauren Lee Smith and Eric Balfour . Its plot concerns an outgoing , sexually aggressive young woman who meets and begins a torrid affair with an equally aggressive young man , which brings a strain on their personal lives . The backdrop of a very hot summer in the city adds to the steamy nature of the relationship . Set and shot in Toronto ( primarily The Annex ) , the film was directed by Clement Virgo . Included in the soundtrack is music by Broken Social Scene and Annelise Noronha .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4d77837844425f822c04e5c811d80f8", "text": "Foxtrot (film) Foxtrot is a 1976 drama film directed by Arturo Ripstein and starring Peter O'Toole , Charlotte Rampling and Max von Sydow . It was re-released in 1977 as The Other Side of Paradise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f422abec8e4b4e2f7061a45d8fc7c5a9", "text": "Lightweight (film) Lightweight ( Poids léger ) is a 2004 French drama film directed by Jean-Pierre Améris . It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3e32df513cfc005eb8d3c16075a71083	Michael Jackson was acquitted of allegations.	[ { "docid": "5e0cb67809f0d6922b858d0287bc43b0", "text": "Michael Jackson Michael Joseph Jackson ( August 29 , 1958 -- June 25 , 2009 ) was an American singer , songwriter , record producer , dancer , actor , and philanthropist . Called the `` King of Pop '' , his contributions to music , dance , and fashion along with his publicized personal life made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades . The eighth child of the Jackson family , Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie , Tito , Jermaine , and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 . He began his solo career in 1971 . In the early 1980s , Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music . His music videos , including those of `` Beat It '' , `` Billie Jean '' , and `` Thriller '' from his 1982 album Thriller , are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool . The popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame . Jackson 's 1987 album Bad spawned the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` I Just Ca n't Stop Loving You '' , `` Bad '' , `` The Way You Make Me Feel '' , `` Man in the Mirror '' , and `` Dirty Diana '' , becoming the first album to have five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . He continued to innovate with videos such as `` Black or White '' and `` Scream '' throughout the 1990s , and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist . Through stage and video performances , Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques , such as the robot and the moonwalk , to which he gave the name . His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres . Thriller is the best-selling album of all time , with estimated sales of 65 million copies worldwide . Jackson 's other albums , including Off the Wall ( 1979 ) , Bad ( 1987 ) , Dangerous ( 1991 ) , and HIStory ( 1995 ) , also rank among the world 's best-selling albums . He is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records . Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice , and was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Dance Hall of Fame as the only dancer from pop and rock music . His other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records , 13 Grammy Awards , the Grammy Legend Award , the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award , 26 American Music Awards -- more than any other artist -- including the `` Artist of the Century '' and `` Artist of the 1980s '' , 13 number-one singles in the United States during his solo career -- more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era -- and estimated sales of over 350 million records worldwide . Jackson won hundreds of awards , making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music . He became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when `` Love Never Felt So Good '' reached number nine on May 21 , 2014 . Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism , and , in 2000 , the Guinness World Records recognized him for supporting 39 charities , more than any other entertainer . Aspects of Jackson 's personal life , including his changing appearance , personal relationships , and behavior , generated controversy . In 1993 , he was accused of child sexual abuse , but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount and no formal charges were brought . In 2005 , he was tried and acquitted of further child sexual abuse allegations and several other charges after the jury found him not guilty on all counts . While preparing for his comeback concert series , This Is It , Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25 , 2009 , after suffering from cardiac arrest . The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide , and his personal physician , Conrad Murray , was convicted of involuntary manslaughter . Jackson 's death triggered a global outpouring of grief , and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world . Forbes ranks Jackson the top-earning dead celebrity , with earnings of $ 825 million in 2016 , the highest yearly amount ever recorded by the publication .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b81196dc8b8edd0ef90a0e512e893bd9", "text": "Johnny Briscoe Johnny Briscoe is an American man falsely convicted of rape and other crimes and subsequently exonerated by DNA evidence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cca6b435e72330f0e7e839a171757c25", "text": "Michael Tabor (Black Panther) Michael Aloysius Tabor ( December 13 , 1946 -- October 17 , 2010 ) was an American member of the Black Panther Party who was charged and tried as part of an alleged conspiracy to bomb public buildings in New York City and kill members of the New York Police Department . Four months into the trial Tabor and another defendant fled to Algeria . Despite his ultimate acquittal on all charges , Tabor remained in exile in Africa until his death , never returning to the United States . Tabor was born on December 13 , 1946 , in Harlem and joined the Black Panther Party while in his teens . In 1970 , Tabor and 12 other members of the Black Panthers were charged for their involvement in a plot to kill police officers and to plant bombs in New York City commercial and public buildings , including the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx . Support for the prosecution 's case came from undercover officers who claimed that the defendants had developed plans for a series of bombings and had conducted classes to instruct those participating in the plot how to construct explosive devices . Together with fellow defendant Richard Moore , Tabor failed to appear at their trial in February 1971 , forfeited $ 150,000 in bail and were declared fugitives . Blank Panther leader Huey P. Newton called Moore and Tabor `` enemies of the people '' for evading justice while on trial and putting the other defendants and the party at risk . Connie Matthews , Newton 's former secretary and Tabor 's wife , also left the country and was said to have taken valuable records with her . The two finally surfaced in Algeria the following month together with Eldridge Cleaver . The New York Times published a lengthy letter from Moore on the day before the verdicts were read explaining that they had fled the U.S. because they feared that their lives were at risk . On May 13 , 1971 , after an eight-month-long trial , the jury in New York Supreme Court in Manhattan delivered an acquittal on all 156 counts . In a statement issued from Algiers , Tabor stated that the trial represented `` an attempted railroad and that the defendants ' rights were flagrantly violated '' and said that he was `` overjoyed that the brothers are free '' . Algeria expelled Tabor and he and Matthews moved to Zambia in 1972 , where Tabor wrote about politics and hosted a radio show . Despite repeated requests , Tabor refused to return to the United States . He died at age 63 in Lusaka , Zambia , on October 17 , 2010 , due to complications of multiple strokes . He was survived by his second wife , Priscilla Matanda , as well as by a daughter and three sons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e6313d47017a915bdc913b42decf322", "text": "The Remix Suite The Remix Suite ( digital title : Michael Jackson : The Remix Suite ) is a compilation of remixed hits by Michael Jackson . Although labeled as a Michael Jackson release , the majority of remixes are of hits during his tenure with The Jackson 5 . Starting from August 25 , five remixes each were released digitally as `` suites '' via iTunes , AmazonMP3 and Rhapsody every two weeks . It is the fifth album to be released since Jackson 's death . The first suite leaked online two weeks before its intended digital release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecbea0501fdd1379505174d687d49502", "text": "Smooth Criminal `` Smooth Criminal '' is the seventh single from American recording artist Michael Jackson 's 1987 Bad album . The song contains a fast-paced beat intertwined with Jackson 's lyrics about a woman named Annie , who has been violently attacked in her apartment by a `` smooth '' assailant . First broadcast on television as a video in early October , it was released as a single on October 21 , 1988 , and peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 . It was re-released on April 10 , 2006 , as a part of the Visionary : The Video Singles box set . The re-released Visionary single charted at number 19 in the UK . The song is one of Jackson 's signature songs , and has appeared on numerous greatest hits albums , including Number Ones , The Essential Michael Jackson , Michael Jackson : The Ultimate Collection , King of Pop , This Is It , and Immortal . The song serves as the theme song to Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker , and plays as the background soundtrack in a section of the video game Michael Jackson 's Moonwalker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f360ebfb40cb4728ec84ceba1d42264b", "text": "Xscape (album) Xscape is the second posthumous album of previously unreleased tracks by American singer Michael Jackson . It is his eighth album released through Epic Records , and it was released on May 13 , 2014 by Epic Records and MJJ Music . It is the fifth album released by Sony and Motown since Jackson 's death in June 2009 . L.A. Reid , chairman of Epic Records , curated and served as executive producer for the album enlisting Timbaland to lead a team of record producers , including StarGate , Jerome `` J-Roc '' Harmon , John McClain , and Rodney Jerkins , to remix and contemporize the eight selected tracks . Jerkins produced the title song and is the only original song producer to work on the final productions . Xscape was promoted across the Sony group of companies ; Sony Mobile used a snippet of `` Slave to the Rhythm '' in their advertising campaign for the Xperia Z2 mobile phone . `` Love Never Felt So Good '' was announced as the official lead single to premiere on May 1 , 2014 . The deluxe edition of the album includes all of the songs in their original forms as well as one bonus track and two videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7cd16634b01dc8faf6a6e486278b14f", "text": "A Collection of Michael Jackson's Oldies A Collection of Michael Jackson 's Oldies is a compilation of the Motown Records released on December 8 , 1972 , with songs by Michael Jackson and The Jackson 5 that were made between 1969 and 1972 . It was only published in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfd144319785522649d0769defead99", "text": "Invincible (Michael Jackson album) Invincible is the final studio album by American recording artist Michael Jackson , released on October 30 , 2001 , by Epic Records . Similar to Jackson 's previous material , Invincible explores themes such as love , romance , isolation , media criticism , and social issues . It was his sixth studio album released through Epic label . An extensive and laborious album to make , Jackson started production in 1997 , and did not finish until eight weeks before the album 's October 2001 release . Jackson recorded in over 10 different studios , and the final cost was over thirty million dollars . Combined with twenty five million toward the cost of promoting the album , Invincible is the most expensive album ever made . The album peaked at number one in eleven territories worldwide , including the United States ( with first-week sales of 363,000 units ) , the United Kingdom , Australia , France and Switzerland . Invincible charted within the top ten in six other territories . Upon release , the album received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics . Invincible was one of the best-selling of 2001 , being ranked at # 9 on the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry 's ( IFPI ) Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d60e86e0eae8d4e3f628b4a86b28b7c", "text": "Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy On December 7 , 2006 , the George W. Bush administration 's Department of Justice ordered the unprecedented midterm dismissal of seven United States Attorneys . Congressional investigations focused on whether the Department of Justice and the White House were using the U.S. Attorney positions for political advantage . Allegations were that some of the attorneys were targeted for dismissal to impede investigations of Republican politicians or that some were targeted for their failure to initiate investigations that would damage Democratic politicians or hamper Democratic-leaning voters . The U.S. attorneys were replaced with interim appointees , under provisions in the 2005 USA PATRIOT Act reauthorization . A subsequent report by the Justice Department Inspector General in October 2008 found that the process used to fire the first seven attorneys and two others dismissed around the same time was `` arbitrary '' , `` fundamentally flawed '' , and `` raised doubts about the integrity of Department prosecution decisions '' . In July 2010 , the Department of Justice prosecutors closed the two-year investigation without filing charges after determining that the firing was inappropriately political , but not criminal , saying `` Evidence did not demonstrate that any prosecutable criminal offense was committed with regard to the removal of David Iglesias . The investigative team also determined that the evidence did not warrant expanding the scope of the investigation beyond the removal of Iglesias . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3069a96ae73a386fbac1c316e0b448d7", "text": "Live in Bucharest: The Dangerous Tour Live in Bucharest : The Dangerous Tour is a live concert DVD by American recording artist Michael Jackson released on July 25 , 2005 . The DVD was previously included with The Ultimate Collection box set in 2004 . The concert took place during Jackson 's first leg on his Dangerous World Tour on October 1 , 1992 at the Bucharest National Stadium , with a sold-out attendance of 90,000 . This concert is the first concert by Jackson that has been officially released on DVD in the United States , also released in Asia market on double Video CD . The other official releases by Michael Jackson is a VHS of his HIStory World Tour concert in Seoul , South Korea , and it was released only in South Korea in 1996 , and Live at Wembley July 16 , 1988 , which is the second leg of his Bad World Tour . There are various versions of the footage of the same concert that exist . The first version was broadcast the next day by BBC ; following Jackson 's death , this version was rebroadcast on BNN/Ned3 . All the footage in this version is from the Bucharest concert . The version that appears on the DVD was broadcast on HBO in 1992 , which became the highest audience in the channel 's history for a single broadcast . This version , while mostly having footage of Jackson performing at the Bucharest Concert ( some in alternate camera angles in comparison to the BBC version ) , also consisted of footage from concerts in other locations such as Madrid and London . Also missing were the `` Brace Yourself '' video introduction and the `` We Are the World Interlude , '' which were included in the original BBC Telecast . The crowd screaming and intro before `` Wan na Be Startin ' Somethin' '' is featured in Michael 's 2010 song `` Behind the Mask '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f5f33808709ad8e10fd1f05fa9f0ca", "text": "This Is It (concerts) This Is It was a planned residency show of 50 concerts by Michael Jackson at the O2 Arena in London , scheduled to run from July 2009 to March 2010 . The shows were to be Jackson 's first major series of concerts since the HIStory World Tour finished in 1997 . With all concerts sold out , Jackson suffered a cardiac arrest and died less than three weeks before the first concert was scheduled to begin . Jackson announced This Is It at a press conference in the O2 Arena , stating that it would be his final series of concerts in London . AEG Live , the concert promoters , released a promotional video that took up an entire commercial break , setting a record for ITV . Initially only 10 concerts were announced , but following public demand 40 more concerts were added . Ticket sales broke several records and Jackson 's album sales increased following the announcement ; AEG Live estimated that the first 10 dates alone would have earned Jackson approximately # 50 million . In preparation for the concert series , Jackson had been collaborating with high-profile figures including fashion designer Christian Audigier , choreographer Kenny Ortega and bodybuilder Lou Ferrigno . Prior to Jackson 's death , Allgood Entertainment sued Jackson for $ 40 million , claiming that he had breached an exclusivity agreement with them by agreeing to the This Is It concerts . The case was dismissed . After Jackson 's death , AEG Live offered either refunds to ticket holders or a special `` souvenir '' ticket designed by Jackson . The cancelled shows , record-breaking ticket sales and potential for a world tour made This Is It `` the greatest concert -LSB- s -RSB- that never happened . '' Columbia Pictures acquired the footage of the rehearsals and released a concert film , Michael Jackson 's This Is It , accompanied by a compilation album of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d9fd9a34827d5bb0dffc18bbcb0a817", "text": "Night and Day (Joe Jackson album) Night and Day is Joe Jackson 's fifth album , released in June 1982 . It reached the Top 5 in both the UK and US , Jackson 's only studio album to do so . It sold over one million copies , earning platinum disc status . The album pays tribute to the wit and style of Cole Porter ( and indirectly to New York ) . The track `` Real Men '' pointed obliquely to the city 's early 1980s gay culture . `` Steppin ' Out '' earned Grammy nominations for Record of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance , Male . It reached # 6 on both the UK and the US charts . `` Breaking Us in Two '' reached # 18 in the US and # 59 in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e38015099cd6932690fb25c19033d33", "text": "Sony/ATV Music Publishing Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC is an American music publishing company owned by Sony through Sony Entertainment . The company was founded as a division of Associated Television ( ATV ) in 1955 by Lew Grade . In 1985 , Michael Jackson acquired ATV Music Publishing for $ 47.5 million . Paul McCartney , who had told Jackson about the importance of owning publishing , admitted he felt somewhat undercut by the purchase , because ATV Music Publishing owned the publishing rights to most of The Beatles ' songs , although he did not enter the bidding when it came up for sale in 1984 . In December 1995 , Michael Jackson agreed to merge ATV Music Publishing with Sony Music Publishing , a division of Sony Corporation , to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing . In 2012 an investor consortium led by Sony/ATV Music Publishing acquired EMI Music Publishing for approximately $ 2.2 billion . Sony/ATV Music Publishing and EMI Music Publishing now operate as one company , with the former entity administering the catalogue of the latter under a complex business structure . Following the acquisition , the company became the largest music publisher in the world , with a library of over two million songs under its administration . On March 14 , 2016 , Sony announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the Jackson estate 's stake in the company . The deal was completed on September 30 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc7ae452c762147d2a85f605c044fcf6", "text": "La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family La Toya : Growing up in the Jackson Family is an autobiography written by American singer La Toya Jackson , and co-authored by celebrity biography author Patricia Romanowski . The book was originally released on February 7 , 1991 , around the same time as Jackson 's seventh studio album No Relations . In this autobiography , Jackson accuses her father , Joseph , of child abuse , and goes into detail on the personal lives of her superstar siblings Michael and Janet as well as Jermaine , Randy , Tito , and Rebbie Jackson 's struggle under the spotlight . The Jackson family denied all of her allegations . At the time the book was written , Jackson was married to her reportedly abusive manager Jack Gordon , who she now accuses of inserting his own stories into her autobiography to embarrass her family and make her appear to be a `` drama queen '' . Jackson reunited with her family in the late 1990s after leaving Gordon . On her interview with Larry King in 2003 she said that she respectfully accepted her father 's apologies for the way he treated her and her siblings as children . The autobiography was re-issued under various titles throughout the 1990s . The original hardcover edition spent several weeks atop the New York Times Bestseller List . In the weeks leading up to the release of the book , Gordon ordered that the transcript be kept in a high-security vault out of fear that the Jackson family would attempt to sabotage the project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a988cb666c7083bb5d169eef1e2558a5", "text": "Free the World `` Free the World '' is a single by American singer La Toya Jackson . Jackson spent six years in seclusion after divorcing her abusive late ex-husband and manager , Jack Gordon , in 1997 . After her years in exile , the September 11th attacks inspired Jackson to write `` Free the World '' . She recorded and performed it for friends , who immediately fell in love with it . This led to the revival of Jackson 's 25-year-old music career . This song led Jackson to begin work on her Startin ' Over album , which included the 2004 Billboard chart hit `` Just Wan na Dance '' as the lead single . `` Free the World '' was released as a follow-up and charted in March 2005 . The single peaked at # 24 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play charts . The song is an appeal to free the world from segregation , discrimination and years of war . VH1 described the ballad as the `` most appropriate song for the world . '' About.com dubbed Jason Randolph 's remix a `` trippily hypnotic treat '' with a `` churning rhythm track and mesmerizing synth . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fb938bfc7d3cb8b93f19aa4444f4020", "text": "West Side Story (soundtrack) West Side Story is the soundtrack to the 1961 film West Side Story . Released in 1961 , the soundtrack spent 54 weeks at No. 1 on Billboard 's album charts , giving it the longest run at No. 1 of any album in history , although some lists instead credit Michael Jackson 's Thriller , on the grounds that West Side Story was listed on a chart for stereo albums only at a time when many albums were recorded in mono . In 1962 , it won a Grammy award for `` Best Sound Track Album -- Original Cast '' and Johnny Richards orchestrations of the movie score ( on Kenton 's West Side Story ) also winning a Grammy in 1962 for `` Best Large Ensemble Jazz Album '' further bolstering the popularity of the movie and soundtrack . In the United States , it was the best-selling album of the 1960s , certifying three times platinum by the RIAA on November 21 , 1986 . Though the album was released just a few years after the release of the original broadway cast recording , it is according to Broadway Babies preferred by some to the earlier version both sentimentally , as the film succeeded in establishing the musical as a `` popular masterpiece '' , and musically , as it contains `` beefier orchestration '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "689f833b61732cdb6bbf4a2399e0e7f9", "text": "Career Girls Murders The `` Career Girls Murders '' was the name given by the media to the killings of Emily Hoffert and Janice Wylie in their apartment on the Upper East Side of Manhattan on August 28 , 1963 . George Whitmore , Jr. , was accused of this and other crimes but later cleared . The actions of the police department led Whitmore to be improperly accused of this and other crimes , including the murder of Minnie Edmonds and the attempted rape and assault of Elba Borrero . Whitmore was wrongfully incarcerated for 1,216 days -- from his arrest on April 24 , 1964 , until his release on bond on July 13 , 1966 , and from the revocation of his bond on February 28 , 1972 -- until his exoneration on April 10 , 1973 , when , after what author T.J. English called , in his book The Savage City , `` a numbing cycle of trials , convictions , convictions overturned , retrials , and appeals '' , Whitmore was cleared of all charges and set free . Whitmore 's treatment by the authorities has been cited as an example that led the US Supreme Court to issue the guidelines known as the Miranda rights . The Supreme Court cited Mr. Whitmore 's case as `` the most conspicuous example '' of police coercion in the country when it issued its 1966 ruling establishing a set of protections for suspects , including the right to remain silent , in Miranda v. Arizona .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16c6763fca49eaa01a738b33e9dadbab", "text": "Chicago (Michael Jackson song) `` Chicago '' is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson . The song was originally recorded during the Invincible recording sessions under the name `` She Was Lovin ' Me '' . A reworked version of the song was included in Jackson 's posthumous album Xscape . It was first revealed that `` Chicago '' would be the first release from the Xscape album . However , plans changed and `` Love Never Felt So Good '' became the debut release instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d34be0323ec6eeec28df9580c92709fd", "text": "Elm Guest House claims and controversy In Britain , controversy arose from claims reported in 2012 , which some state to have been later discredited , of sexual abuse and grooming of children at parties held in the late 1970s and 1980s at the former Elm Guest House in Rocks Lane , near Barnes Common in south-west London . Several prominent British men were alleged , in a list produced by convicted fraudster Chris Fay and never verified or corroborated by any other source , to have attended the Guest House including former government ministers , senior MPs , top police officers , judges , pop music stars , and people with links to the Royal Households . Since 2012 , the allegations of an establishment paedophile ring have been part of a complex multi-agency investigation . During 2014 and 2015 , allegations against several leading politicians of the period , mostly now deceased , were made public in the British press . An investigation , Operation Fairbank , led by the Metropolitan Police Service , started in late 2012 . This was a `` scoping exercise '' aimed at a `` preliminary assessment of the evidence rather than a formal inquiry '' , and the existence of the `` assessment '' operation was confirmed only on 12 December 2012 after operating in secret for several weeks . As a result of allegations arising from Operation Fairbank , a full criminal investigation , Operation Fernbridge , was launched in February 2013 . In November 2014 , another operation -- Operation Midland -- was set up to examine claims of a possible homicide , later extended to cover allegations of three murders and activities at the Dolphin Square development in Pimlico and elsewhere ; on 21 March 2016 , the Metropolitan Police confirmed that Operation Midland had been closed without any charges being brought . An inquiry found that those investigated by police were victims of `` false allegations '' and the Metropolitan Police Commissioner subsequently apologised to them . In 2015 , the Independent Police Complaints Commission began investigating claims that the Metropolitan Police had suppressed evidence of child sexual abuse and prevented the investigation of some allegations between 1970 and 2005 , because of the alleged involvement of police officers and MPs .", "title": "" } ]	fever
fa79aaf100a87f837d58aa570d10ae90	Courtney Love refused to appear in Man on the Moon (1999).	[ { "docid": "b5000e8b46f349091518571db5fc6704", "text": "Courtney Love Courtney Michelle Love ( born Courtney Michelle Harrison ; born July 9 , 1964 ) is an American singer , actress , writer , and visual artist . Prolific in the punk and grunge scenes of the 1990s , Love has enjoyed a career that spans four decades . She rose to prominence as the frontwoman of the alternative rock band Hole , which she formed in 1989 . Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics , as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Kurt Cobain . The daughter of Hank Harrison and psychotherapist Linda Carroll , Love had an itinerant early life . She spent her formative years in San Francisco and Portland , Oregon , where she was in a series of short-lived bands before being cast in two films by British director Alex Cox . After forming Hole in 1989 , she received substantial attention from underground rock press for the group 's debut album , produced by Kim Gordon . Hole 's second release , Live Through This ( 1994 ) , gave her high-profile renown with critical accolades and multi-platinum sales . In 1995 , Love returned to acting , earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Miloš Forman 's The People vs. Larry Flynt ( 1996 ) , which established her as a mainstream actress . The following year , she saw further mainstream success with the release of Hole 's third album , Celebrity Skin ( 1998 ) , which was nominated for multiple Grammy Awards . Love continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s , appearing in big-budget pictures such as Man on the Moon ( 1999 ) and Trapped ( 2002 ) , before releasing her first solo album , America 's Sweetheart , in 2004 . The next few years were marked by publicity surrounding Love 's legal troubles and drug addiction , which resulted in a mandatory lockdown rehabilitation sentence in 2005 while she was in the process of writing a second planned solo album . That project became Nobody 's Daughter , which was released in 2010 as a Hole album but without any other members of the original lineup . Between 2014 and 2015 , she released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire . Love has also had endeavors in writing , co-creating and co-authoring three volumes of a manga , Princess Ai , between 2004 and 2006 , as well as a memoir , Dirty Blonde : The Diaries of Courtney Love ( 2006 ) . In 2012 , she premiered an exhibit of mixed media visual art titled And She 's Not Even Pretty .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d0a2ac7ed64fd151f0245b49eaaaea95", "text": "She's All That She 's All That is a 1999 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Robert Iscove and starring Freddie Prinze , Jr. , Rachael Leigh Cook , Paul Walker and Matthew Lillard . It is a modern adaptation of George Bernard Shaw 's play Pygmalion and George Cukor 's 1964 film My Fair Lady . It was one of the most popular teen films of the 1990s and reached No. 1 at the box office in its first week of release . In April 2015 , it was announced that the film will be remade by The Weinstein Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17f7b5203acbcaaa647a250854c5d5d1", "text": "Moony Moony ( born Monica Bragato , born 27 September 1980 ) is a musician from Italy . She was the vocalist on DB Boulevard 's hit single `` Point of View '' , as well as on her own single `` Dove ( I 'll Be Loving You ) '' . Raised in Venice , Moony was first noticed singing in the Venetian club scene and was asked to provide vocals for a number of songs by DJ and producer Cristiano Spiller . The first single was `` Positive '' , in 1998 , sampled from the `` Physical '' , song of Olivia Newton-John , and the second single with Spiller was `` Batucada '' ( 1999 ) . She also featured in the project , Angel Moon , in the song `` He 's All I Want '' , released in 1998 . Her first major success was `` Point of View '' as part of the group DB Boulevard . That song became popular across the European dance music scene , and entered the UK Singles Chart at number three . It earned DB Boulevard the distinction of being the first Italian music group to be nominated in the MTV Europe Music Awards . From there on , she launched her solo career . The first single `` Dove ( I 'll Be Loving You ) '' was a commercial success and entered the UK Singles Chart at number nine . She released her debut album Lifestories in 2003 . In June 2006 , Moony released `` For Your Love '' , and in July 2008 , `` I Do n't Know Why '' . In September 2009 she released a second album , 4 Your Love in Japan , featuring previously released material and some new tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa6be2a37657c0e6d92d3c87ae9fd393", "text": "Love Junk (song) `` Love Junk '' was a song by Australian rock musician , Johnny Diesel . It 's his first solo release since leaving Johnny Diesel and the Injectors in early 1991 and is the only song in his career to be credited to Johnny Diesel , as subsequent released were either as Diesel or Mark Lizotte . The song was released in June 1991 and peaked at 19 in Australia . It was included on his debut solo album Hepfidelity ( 1992 ) . Diesel toured with Jimmy Barnes throughout the second half of 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5c0eab8f8bb202e3baaaef7952557a6", "text": "The Astronaut's Wife The Astronaut 's Wife is a 1999 American science fiction thriller film directed and written by Rand Ravich . It stars Johnny Depp and Charlize Theron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff9ddc81f0c948c4811c46dc164e4566", "text": "October Moon October Moon is a 2005 independent horror film directed by Jason Paul Collum about a male homosexual relationship that turns sour . The film stars Judith O'Dea , Brinke Stevens , Sean Michael Lambrecht , Jeff Dylan Graham , Tina Ona Paukstelis , Darcey Vanderhoef , and Jerod Howard . After a limited theatrical run beginning September 29 , 2005 , the movie was distributed on DVD by Tempe Entertainment on Valentine 's Day , February 14 , 2006 . The DVD release was an immediate success for the company , and remained their # 1 Best Selling Title in 2006 , 2008 , 2009 and 2010 . October Moon premiered on On Demand in March 2008 . It was jointly produced by B+B oy Productions , LLC and Tempe Entertainment . The sequel October Moon 2 : November Son premiered in a limited theatrical run on July 10 , 2008 . The entire original cast returned , plus new cast members Debbie Rochon , Robyn Griggs and recording artist Sacha Sacket . The story followed a new mysterious young gay man ( Sacket ) who seems to bring danger into the lives of the surviving characters from the original film . October Moon 2 was released to DVD on April 14 , 2009 by Ariztical Entertainment under the title November Son . Financial disputes between Ariztical and production company B+B oy Productions , LLC . returned the rights to B+B oy , who licensed the title to Tempe Entertainment for re-release on February 15 , 2011 under its original title October Moon 2 : November Son with original artwork by Paul Girard . A third film in the trilogy is planned , but as of 2013 had still not been officially announced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c4af2527e87f7c72d57dfc6c6df6724", "text": "Claude Jade Claude Marcelle Jorré , better known as Claude Jade ( -LSB- klod ʒad -RSB- ; 8 October 1948 -- 1 December 2006 ) , was a French actress . She is known for starring as Christine in François Truffaut 's three films Stolen Kisses ( 1968 ) , Bed and Board ( 1970 ) and Love on the Run ( 1979 ) . Jade acted in theatre , film and television . Her film work outside France included the Soviet Union , the United States , Italy and Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "041ac93d620d34fa1f0adc80ae00aac0", "text": "Violet (Hole song) `` Violet '' is a song by American alternative rock band Hole , written by vocalist and guitarist Courtney Love and guitarist Eric Erlandson . The song was written in mid-1991 , and was performed live between 1991 and 1992 during Hole 's earlier tours , eventually appearing as the opening track on the band 's second studio album Live Through This ( 1994 ) . The song was released as the group 's seventh single and the third from that album in January 1995 after Kristen Pfaff 's death in June 1994 . Courtney Love has stated several times that the song was written about her relationship with Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan in 1990 , and the lyrics speak from the point of view of an angry narrator who has abandoned a romance . The song also explores themes of sexual exploitation and self-abasement . `` Violet '' peaked at number 29 on the Billboard 's Modern Rock Tracks after the album 's release in 1994 , and is arguably one of Hole 's most well-known and critically recognized songs . It charted at number 116 on The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born list by Blender magazine in 2005 . The cover artwork for the single features a Victorian mourning portrait of a deceased young girl which was taken from the historical archives of Stanley B. Burns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2b5963d11c7cf923930d791326ba7e0", "text": "You Instead You Instead ( alternate U.S. title Tonight You 're Mine ) is a 2011 British `` Rock 'n' roll romantic comedy '' written by Thomas Leveritt and directed by David Mackenzie . The film stars Luke Treadaway , Natalia Tena , Gavin Mitchell and Alastair Mackenzie . Set at T in the Park music festival and shot by Sigma Films , two feuding rock stars are handcuffed together at a festival where they are due to perform .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03b9fb4ee0fbb460147cb4bfbf5e9550", "text": "Love Letter (Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds song) `` Love Letter '' is a song by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds from their 2001 album , No More Shall We Part . A ballad written by Cave , it features him on vocals and piano with backing vocals by Kate & Anna McGarrigle . `` Love Letter '' was first released as one of the songs on Nick Cave 's 2000 spoken word album , The Secret Life of the Love Song . Since its release by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds on their 2001 album , No More Shall We Part , Uncut magazine has placed `` Love Letter '' at number 14 in its list of Nick Cave 's greatest songs . The song was singled out for praise by author Jonathan Lethem , who says the `` shattering simplicity '' of its lyrics is `` worthy of Shakespeare '' . In AllMusic 's review of No More Shall We Part , `` Love Letter '' is described as a `` tenderly daunting , haunted house '' . Author Robert Mighall described it as `` a staggeringly beautiful song of forlorn love and a broken heart . '' Musician Victor Krummenacher described `` Love Letter '' as `` extraordinary . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08e9465b9d446850c4af51cf0b381bd7", "text": "The Return of Courtney Love The Return of Courtney Love is a 2006 documentary film by Will Yapp documenting the progression of musician Courtney Love 's second studio album , How Dirty Girls Get Clean , as well as her recovery from drug addiction . The documentary was first broadcast on More4 in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 26 September 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3d1ca373186c5a3b2d7006d60d99019", "text": "The Miller's Daughter (album) The Miller 's Daughter is the third album released by Perth band The Drones . The album was also released as a limited ( 500 copies ) vinyl edition and included an extra track , `` Well Well Well '' . </blockquote> On the record liner Liddiard provides the following description for each song : `` Someone On Your Bond '' - name kinda taken from a Blind Willie Johnson song , the last contract you 'll ever make ... . so do n't fuck it up . wait long sessions . `` Bird In A Church '' - people who sing or have sung that dreadful song `` sometimes I feel like a motherless child '' should be killed . simple . came out as the A-side of a 7 '' issued by infidelity records 2003ish . `` She Had An Abortion That She Made Me Pay For '' - regrets , I 've had a few ... Brendon plays bass , Crisso has pneumonia . recorded September 2000 at Cavalier Studios in Research . then it just sat there . `` The Miller 's Daughter '' - I think a couple of these lines appear in a song `` Death on the Installment Plan '' by Louis Ferdinand Celine . kind of up back somewhere . it may be part of a real song , who knows . I made the rest up . `` I Believe '' - based on an Alan Vega song of the same name , Coltrane 's ` love supreme ' , a Blind Willie Johnson song I ca n't recall and a couple of lines some bloke was singing to himself on the street ... Warren on drums , Rui on Hammond and Zipzichord , and me and James on guitars . recorded in our lounge room in east perth 1999 . `` Meanstreak '' - you ca n't put a .303 against your forehead without first removing your shoes , everyone knows that . here come the lies sessions . `` Slammin ' On The Brakes '' - real showbiz this ... I 'm talking about the end . oldest trick in the book that one !! a Spencer Jones masterpiece . came out as a B-side to `` Bird In A Church '' around 2003 ?? `` Henry Ford '' - unfinished recording of an unrecorded , finished song . containing the greatest analogy for the eternal question in song today ... ` G.M.H or Henry Ford ? ' `` Stop Dreaming '' - name taken from John Lee Hooker song called that or something else ... . the best advice in the world really . wait long sessions . `` The City '' - spot where tape runs out . here come the lies sessions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8376001b974e4d99d7d14ea94fbdbe1a", "text": "Janet Leigh Janet Leigh ( born Jeanette Helen Morrison ; July 6 , 1927 -- October 3 , 2004 ) was an American actress , singer , dancer and author . She is best remembered for her performance in Psycho , for which she was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and received an Academy Award nomination . She was the first wife of actor Tony Curtis and the mother of Kelly Curtis and Jamie Lee Curtis . Discovered by actress Norma Shearer , Leigh made her acting debut on radio in 1946 and secured a contract with MGM the following year . Early in her career , she appeared in popular films spanning a wide variety of genres , including Act of Violence ( 1948 ) , Little Women ( 1949 ) , Angels in the Outfield ( 1951 ) , Scaramouche ( 1952 ) , The Naked Spur ( 1953 ) and Living It Up ( 1954 ) . She played mostly dramatic roles during the latter half of the 1950s , in such films as Safari ( 1956 ) and Touch of Evil ( 1958 ) , but achieved her most lasting recognition as the doomed Marion Crane in Alfred Hitchcock 's Psycho ( 1960 ) . Her highly publicized marriage to Curtis ended in divorce in 1962 , and after starring in The Manchurian Candidate that same year , Leigh scaled back her career . Intermittently , she continued to appear in notable films , including Bye Bye Birdie ( 1963 ) , Harper ( 1966 ) and Night of the Lepus ( 1972 ) as well as two films with her daughter , Jamie Lee : The Fog ( 1980 ) and Halloween H20 : 20 Years Later ( 1998 ) . She also wrote four books between 1984 and 2002 , including two novels . Leigh died in 2004 at age 77 , following a year-long battle with vasculitis , an inflammation of the blood vessels . Among her survivors was her husband of 42 years , Robert Brandt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4be251114d41374bb92b55f89b5bfb", "text": "Without Love (film) Without Love is a 1942 play by Philip Barry , later made into a 1945 romantic comedy film starring Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn . The film was directed by Harold S. Bucquet from a screenplay by Donald Ogden Stewart based on the Barry play . Lucille Ball also stars in the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3923dc87d6a499b8e2f10e3df1a5468", "text": "Michael Moon (band) The Michael Moon Band was a New York -- based alternative rock group active in the late 1990s . Michael Moon was the stage name for Michael Anthony Franano . Franano , formerly from the bands The Front and Bakers Pink and The Michael Moon Band released one pop album in 1998 titled , You . The Michael Moon Band made a cameo appearance under the name Michael Moon/El Flamingo Band in the Woody Allen / Miramax film , Celebrity , performing the single Chanel No. 5 in a club scene while Kenneth Branagh dances with Charlize Theron . Michael is also credited for writing , composing and performing the music on Lynn 's Wake , an independent film and Winner of the Best Short Screenplay in the Atlantic City Film Festival in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "981372b4a52367e12c50f921ba0eb1e6", "text": "Walk the Moon discography American rock and roll band Walk the Moon has released three studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , six extended plays , five singles , and five music videos . Walk the Moon was formed in 2006 in Cincinnati , Ohio as Wicked in the Mix , originally consisting of Nicholas Petricca , Adam Reifsnyder , Sam Cole and Ricky Human , the former two having attended Kenyon College together . The group 's first EP , entitled The Anthem , would be released later that same year in March . The band 's lineup would begin to go through several different member changes throughout the next three years , leaving Petricca as the only member from the original group . The band self released their first studio album I Want ! I Want ! in November 2010 . In 2011 , a final lineup change was formed with bassist Kevin Ray , drummer Sean Waugaman , and guitarist Eli Maiman . Walk the Moon signed with RCA Records to release their first major-label album , self-titled Walk the Moon , many of which are re-recordings of the songs from I Want ! I Want ! . On its release in June 2012 , the album entered the top forty on the Billboard 200 , debuting at number 36 . The band 's first single from that album , `` Anna Sun '' , peaked at number ten on Billboard 's Alternative Songs chart . The second single , `` Tightrope '' , had moderate success on the Alternative Songs chart , peaking at number fifteen . Walk the Moon 's third studio album , Talking Is Hard , was released in November 2014 . The album reached number 14 on the Billboard 200 , making it Walk the Moon 's first album to reach the top twenty , and has since been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Its lead single , `` Shut Up and Dance '' , was a commercial success worldwide . It peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 , and topped the Alternative Songs chart for four consecutive weeks . The album 's opening track , `` Different Colors '' , impacted alternative radio stations in May 2015 and was released as the next single from Talking Is Hard . The song became Walk the Moon 's second consecutive top ten hit on the Alternative Songs chart , peaking at number seven .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26d1e8727400ccc4f7c62841b61619bd", "text": "The Moon Song `` The Moon Song '' is a song from the 2013 feature film Her , with music composed by Karen Orzolek ( Karen O ) and lyrics by Karen Orzolek and Spike Jonze . Performed by Karen O during the film 's end credits , the song was also performed by the film 's main characters , Samantha ( Scarlett Johansson ) and Theodore ( Joaquin Phoenix ) . It was released by WaterTower Music on February 11 , 2014 . In January 2014 , the song was nominated for Best Original Song at the 86th Academy Awards , but lost to `` Let It Go '' from Frozen . Karen O performed the song at the ceremony accompanied by Ezra Koenig on guitar on March 2 , 2014 . In December 2014 , the song was nominated for Best Song Written for Visual Media at the 57th Grammy Awards but again lost to `` Let It Go '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1b2c763c83f176486a076d6e4b97c94", "text": "True Love Waits (song) `` True Love Waits '' is a song by the English alternative rock band Radiohead . Its lyrics address love , ageing , and abandonment . Radiohead first performed `` True Love Waits '' in 1995 , and singer Thom Yorke performed it alone on acoustic guitar or Rhodes piano numerous times in the following years . The band and their producer Nigel Godrich attempted to record it for their albums OK Computer ( 1997 ) , Kid A ( 2000 ) and Amnesiac ( 2001 ) , but struggled to find an arrangement that satisfied them , and it became one of their most famous unreleased songs . A live recording from the Amnesiac tour was released on I Might Be Wrong : Live Recordings ( 2001 ) . In 2016 , a studio version of `` True Love Waits '' was finally released as the closing track on Radiohead 's ninth album , A Moon Shaped Pool , rearranged as a minimal piano ballad . Both versions of the song received positive reviews , and several critics felt the long wait made the studio version more powerful . Though it was not released as a single , `` True Love Waits '' entered the French SNEP and US Billboard Hot Rock Songs singles chart , peaking at 181 and 43 respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2ae37377a74a3a4e472df7057dbcad8", "text": "Courtney Adams Courtney Adams ( born June 5 , 1981 in Houston , Texas ) is an artist based in Hamburg , Germany . His style is flat , but a multi-dimensional style of painting called `` Cubo-Expressionistic Primitivism '' ( a mixture of French Cubism , German Expressionism and African Primitivism ) , in which he filed a copyright with the Library of Congress in the United States of America in 2002 . His works are usually done in acrylic paint to produce a `` factory made '' look . After being discovered by famous polish singer Aneta Barcik at a winter concert in Houston , Texas in 2010 ( the year of Frédéric Chopin 's bicentenary ) , Adams was chosen to become the art director for `` Chopin 200th '' a multi-media festival created by Barcik . The festival toured around Europe , most notably at the Eigenarten Festival in Germany . In 2011 , Houston based magazine `` River oaks/Tanglewood Buzz '' did a short segment about Adams winter exhibition in Germany and London , as well as his first masterclass taught in London at the Loft at Crouch End . In June , he was nominated as the first `` Polen Freund '' ( translated in English as the First Friend of Poland ) in the 1st Polish Festival in Hamburg , Germany which took place at Museum für Völkerkunde . This honored allowed him as the first non-polish artist to exhibit his work at the Festival at the museum . Courtney was featured in a news segment called `` Kultur Tip '' on the Hamburg Journal TV program in June , 2011 . In April 2012 , Adams also became the first and only American Artist inducted into The Magma Group , an artist exhibition group based in South East London , curated by artist Annie Zamero . In November 2012 , Courtney Adams signed a two-year art distribution deal with Uk-based company LatestSale and has since left the Magma Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f18dbb99b4d8e74a9f1bae2ed1b2da4", "text": "Nearer the Moon Nearer the Moon : From a Journal of Love ( full title Nearer the Moon : From a Journal of Love , the Unexpurgated Diary of Anaïs Nin ( 1937 -- 1939 ) ) is a 1996 book based upon material excerpted from the unpublished diaries of Anaïs Nin . It corresponds temporally to part of Nin 's published diaries . It consists mainly of material that was left out of the published version because it would have hurt people involved or their relationships with Anaïs Nin had it been published at the time . The book displays the range of Nin 's moods and emotions . She avoided re-writing or writing long afterward , when possible , in order to preserve the truth about how she felt at the time of each entry . As the diaries go on , they become more poetical or stream of consciousness , as opposed to objective . She is sometimes very explicit about her sexual activity and how she feels about it . The sources of some of her erotic stories can be recognized here . Generally the bazaar Latin American settings for some of her stories were first written down here , as told her by Gonzalo Moré and his wife Helba . The contrasts between her various emotional and sexual relationships as well as the fluctuations in each are very striking and clear .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28cb8fe3bea224a791e27589e58fe550", "text": "Impossible Princess Impossible Princess ( retitled Kylie Minogue in the UK and Europe for a temporary period , following the death of Princess Diana ) is the sixth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue , released on 22 October 1997 , by Sony BMG and Deconstruction in Japan . Minogue had co-written all the songs on the album , with additional credits in production and composition ; the album was also assisted by Dave Ball , Ingo Vauk , Brothers in Rhythm , Manic Street Preachers and Rob Dougan , among others . Musically , the album was inspired by the techno and brit-pop revolution during the late 1990s , and incorporates musical elements of trip-hop , dance music , rock , and electronica . Lyrically , it focuses on Minogue 's relationships , self-discovery , and a variety of emotions . Impossible Princess received a polarized response from music critics . American and Australian critics noted Minogue 's involvement in the production , whilst the sound and experimentation were commended . Conversely , British press criticized these points . Additionally , the records attracted controversy by the public , which was ambivalent towards Minogue 's sonic and visual development . Commercially , the album reached the top 10 in Australia , Scotland and the United Kingdom , but was certified Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) for physical shipments of 70,000 units . The lack of commercial success prompted further tabloid exploitation of Minogue and the album , with formal comments added by the producers and management of Deconstruction . Five singles were released off the album : `` Some Kind of Bliss '' , `` Did It Again '' , `` Breathe '' , and `` Cowboy Style '' , all of which experienced moderate success . The fifth single , `` Too Far '' , was distributed in the US and UK to promote the album . After a promotional tour in 1997 , Minogue went on her Intimate and Live tour in Australia and the UK the following year , which was a commercial and critical success . Since the album 's release , it has been recognized by publications as one of Minogue 's key `` re-inventions '' . In retrospect , Minogue labelled the Impossible Princess period as the lowest point of her career .", "title": "" } ]	fever
517275cd2e5f35ce2daace4f451f7805	Taiwan did not change from a one-party military dictatorship to a multi-party democracy in the 1980s and early 1990s.	[ { "docid": "8b91d58625a3ea7ab4c74cc478d07e78", "text": "Taiwan Taiwan ( -LSB- taɪˈwɑːn -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of China ( ROC ) , is a state in East Asia . Its neighbours include China ( officially the People 's Republic of China , PRC ) to the west , Japan to the northeast , and the Philippines to the south . Taiwan is the most populous state that is not a member of the United Nations , and also possesses the largest economy of any state outside of the UN . The island of Taiwan , also known as Formosa , was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before the 17th century , when Dutch and Spanish colonies opened the island to Han Chinese immigration . After a brief rule by the Kingdom of Tungning , the island was annexed by the Qing dynasty , the last dynasty of China . The Qing ceded Taiwan to Japan in 1895 after the Sino-Japanese War . While Taiwan was under Japanese rule , the Republic of China ( ROC ) was established on the mainland in 1912 after the fall of the Qing dynasty . Following the Japanese surrender to the Allies in 1945 , the ROC took control of Taiwan . However , the resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the ROC 's loss of the mainland to the Communists , and the flight of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949 . Although the ROC continued to claim to be the legitimate government of China , its effective jurisdiction since 1949 has been limited to Taiwan and its surrounding islands , with the main island making up 99 % of its de facto territory . As a founding member of the United Nations , the ROC continued to represent China at the United Nations until 1971 , when the PRC assumed China 's seat , causing the ROC to lose its UN membership . In the early 1960s , Taiwan entered a period of rapid economic growth and industrialization , creating a stable industrial economy . In the 1980s and early 1990s , it changed from a one-party military dictatorship dominated by the Kuomintang to a multi-party democracy with a semi-presidential system . Taiwan is the 22nd-largest economy in the world , and its high-tech industry plays a key role in the global economy . It is ranked highly in terms of freedom of the press , healthcare , public education , economic freedom , and human development . The country benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most highly educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentages of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree . The PRC has consistently claimed sovereignty over Taiwan and asserted the ROC is no longer in legitimate existence . Under its One-China Policy the PRC refused diplomatic relations with any country that recognizes the ROC . Today only a few smaller nations recognize the ROC as the sole legal representative of China , but many other states maintain unofficial ties through representative offices and institutions that function as de facto embassies and consulates . Although Taiwan is fully self-governing , most international organizations in which the PRC participates either refuse to grant membership to Taiwan or allow it to participate only as a non-state actor . Internally , the major division in politics is between the aspirations of eventual Chinese unification or Taiwanese independence , though both sides have moderated their positions to broaden their appeal . The PRC has threatened the use of military force in response to any formal declaration of independence by Taiwan or if PRC leaders decide that peaceful unification is no longer possible .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c48a3965e73d5b804ce13a10df415870", "text": "Government of Japan The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy in which the power of the Emperor is limited and is relegated primarily to ceremonial duties . As in many other states , the Government is divided into three branches : the Executive branch , the Legislative branch and the Judicial branch . The Government runs under the framework established by the Constitution of Japan , adopted in 1947 . It is a unitary state , containing forty-seven administrative divisions , with the Emperor as its head of state . His role is ceremonial and he has no powers related to Government . Instead , it is the Cabinet , composing of the Ministers of State and the Prime Minister , that directs and controls the Government . The Cabinet is the source of power of the Executive branch , and is formed by the Prime Minister , who is the head of government . He or she is designated by the National Diet and appointed to office by the Emperor . The National Diet is the legislature , the organ of the Legislative branch . It is bicameral , consisting of two houses with the House of Councillors being the upper house , and the House of Representatives being the lower house . Its members are directly elected from the people , who are the source of sovereignty . The Supreme Court and other inferior courts make up the Judicial branch , and they are independent from the executive and the legislative branches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bd6adea2e6aba6591b9cf565c0f1ff3", "text": "Japanese general election, 2009 A general election for the Japanese House of Representatives was held on August 30 , 2009 . The opposition Democratic Party ( DPJ ) defeated the ruling coalition ( Liberal Democratic Party ( LDP ) and New Komeito Party ) in a sweeping victory , winning 221 of the 300 electoral districts and receiving 42.4 % of the proportional block votes for another 87 seats , a total of 308 seats to only 119 for the LDP ( 64 districts and 26.7 % of the proportional votes ) . Under Japan 's constitution , this result virtually assured DPJ leader Yukio Hatoyama would be the next Prime Minister of Japan . He was formally named to the post on September 16 , 2009 . Prime Minister Taro Aso conceded late on the night of August 30 , 2009 that the LDP had lost control of the government , and announced his resignation as party president . A leadership election was held on September 28 , 2009 . The 2009 election was the first time since World War II that voters mandated a change in control of the government to an opposition political party . It marked the worst defeat for a governing party in modern Japanese history , was only the second time the LDP lost a general election since its formation in 1955 , and was the first time that the LDP lost its status as the largest party in the lower house ; the only other break in LDP control since 1955 had been for a 3-year period from 1993 to 1996 ( first 11 months in opposition , then participating in a coalition government under a Socialist prime minister ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "939c905aa32b86c50cd8f6373b3bf5ac", "text": "Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League is one of the eight legally recognised political parties in the People 's Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are member of the Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference . It was formed in Hong Kong on November 1947 by members of the Taiwanese Communist Party who survived the February 28 Incident . The Taiwan Democratic Self Government League has a membership of 2,100 people , most of whom are prominent people that are from Taiwan or are of Taiwanese heritage , but now reside on the mainland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "559c924bd68875cac6844d8fd6ba0b3a", "text": "Taiwanization Taiwanization , also known as the Taiwanese localization movement , is a conceptual term used in Taiwan to emphasize the importance of a ( separate ) Taiwanese culture , society , economy , nationality , and identity rather than to regard Taiwan as solely an appendage of China . This involves the teaching of the history of Taiwan , geography , and culture from a Taiwan-centric perspective , as well as promoting languages locally established in Taiwan , including Taiwanese Hokkien ( Taiwanese ) , Hakka , and aboriginal languages . Originally part of the Taiwan independence movement and related to the Taiwan Name Rectification Campaign , some of Taiwanization 's aims are now endorsed by some supporters of Chinese Unification on Taiwan . The localization movement has been expressed in forms such as the use of language or dialect in the broadcast media and entire channels devoted to aboriginal and Hakka affairs . Textbooks have been rewritten by scholars to more prominently emphasize Taiwan . The political compromise that has been reached is to teach both the history of Taiwan and the history of mainland China . Some Taiwanese-owned companies or organizations established in earlier times have names containing the words `` China '' or `` Chinese '' . They have been encouraged in recent years to change the word `` China '' in their names to `` Taiwan '' as an act of Taiwanization . This campaign for changing the names is known as the `` Name Rectification Campaign '' or `` Taiwan Name Rectification '' . Many Taiwan-based companies in international sectors already identify themselves as `` Taiwan '' - based for clarity 's sake . This keeps international customers from confusing them with an enterprise based in the People 's Republic of China . Other Taiwan-based companies decline to change to a `` Taiwanese '' name because of expense or the political views held by important clients and company leaders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d98b589e6e79a368c93a506d4c1156d0", "text": "Pro-Beijing camp Pro-Beijing camp , pro-China camp or pro-establishment camp refers to a political alignment in Hong Kong which generally supports the policies of the Beijing government towards Hong Kong . The term `` pro-establishment camp '' is regularly in use to label the boarder segment of the Hong Kong political arena which has the closer relationship with the establishment , namely the Government of the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) and the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ( HKSAR ) . It is also portrayed as the `` Patriotic Front '' by the pro-Beijing media and sometimes portrayed as `` loyalists '' by the pro-democracy camp . The pro-Beijing evolved from Hong Kong 's pro-Communist faction , which was often called the `` leftists '' , who have had a long history of following directions of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) towards Hong Kong . It launched the 1967 Leftist Riots against the British colonial rule in Hong Kong and had a long rivalry with the pro-Kuomintang bloc . After the Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed in 1984 , affirming Chinese sovereignty over Hong Kong from 1997 , the traditional leftists realigned itself and formed a `` United Front '' with the conservative pro-business elites to counter the emergence of the pro-democracy camp in the 1990s and ensure a smooth transition of the Hong Kong sovereignty in Beijing 's interest . Since the handover in 1997 , the pro-Beijing camp has become the major supporting force of the Hong Kong government and maintained control of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong ( LegCo ) , with the advantages in the indirectly elected functional constituencies . It generally embraces the conservative values politically , socially and economically and Chinese nationalistic and patriotic sentiments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "636bdd537ef8ae7b6829c777043915ca", "text": "Taiwan legislative election, 2008 The 7th Legislative elections were held on January 12 , 2008 in Taiwan . The results gave the Kuomintang ( KMT ) and the Pan-Blue Coalition a supermajority ( 86 of the 113 seats ) in the legislature , handing a heavy defeat to then-President Chen Shui-bian 's Democratic Progressive Party , which won the remaining 27 seats only . The junior partner in the Pan-Green Coalition , the Taiwan Solidarity Union , won no seats . These elections elected the first set of legislators to serve a longer four-year term in the Legislative Yuan , after an amendment in the Constitution in 2005 , which intended to synchronize the legislative and presidential elections and reduce the size of the Legislative Yuan by half ( see Taiwan National Assembly election , 2005 ) . Two transitional justice referendums , both of which failed to pass due to low turnout , were held at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aec5effed4d20a55022af8770c1627ae", "text": "Vote allocation Vote allocation is a system of tactical voting used in the Republic of China on Taiwan from the late-1990s , after which the voting system is to be changed from single non-transferable vote to a parallel voting system . In this system , voters are asked to vote for a party candidate based on items such as their day of birthday so as to evenly distribute votes . In districts where a party is running two candidates , males may be asked to vote for one candidate and females for another to insure even distribution . It was also practice in Japan and South Korea , where the SNTV system were used . Hong Kong political parties started to adopt this strategy since 2000 to overcome the effect of the largest remainder system with Hare quota combined with small constituencies ( 5 - to 8-member in 2008 ) . They are able to get more seats with fewer votes by filling separate lists of candidates in the same constituencies . Category : Elections Category : Politics of Taiwan Category : Elections in Hong Kong", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a60a26ca4e2c5a2fbe79b8fd05fd2c5a", "text": "Chinese economic reform The Chinese economic reform refers to the program of economic reforms termed `` Socialism with Chinese characteristics '' in the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China , led by Deng Xiaoping . China had one of the world 's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century . In the 18th century , Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest , that is , one of the most fertile , best cultivated , most industrious , most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world . The economy stagnated beginning in the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century , with a brief recovery in the 1930s . Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages . The first stage , in the late 1970s and early 1980s , involved the decollectivization of agriculture , the opening up of the country to foreign investment , and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses . However , most industry remained state-owned . The second stage of reform , in the late 1980s and 1990s , involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls , protectionist policies , and regulations , although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained . The private sector grew remarkably , accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005 . From 1978 until 2013 , unprecedented growth occurred , with the economy increasing by 9.5 % a year . The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005 , reversing some reforms . The success of China 's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society . Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have greatly decreased poverty , while incomes and income inequality have increased , leading to a backlash led by the New Left . In the academic scene , scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese `` dual-track '' economy , and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the Eastern Bloc and the Soviet Union ; as well as the growth of other developing economies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23b98423b55c0f6b6ed1c80aeb382f82", "text": "Suiyuan Suiyuan was a historical province of China . Suiyuan 's capital was Guisui ( now Hohhot ) . The abbreviation was 綏 ( pinyin : suí ) . The area Suiyuan covered is approximated today by the prefecture-level cities of Hohhot , Baotou , Wuhai , Ordos , Bayan Nur , and parts of Ulaan Chab , all today part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . Suiyuan was named after a district in the capital established in the Qing Dynasty . In the early 1930s Suiyuan was occupied by the Shanxi warlord Yan Xishan , who mined Suiyuan 's iron , reorganized the province 's finances , and brought over 4,000 acre of land under cultivation for the first time . Most of the work and settlement of Suiyuan at this time was done by Shanxi farmer-soldiers under the direction of retired officers from Yan 's army . Yan 's control of Suiyuan was sufficient to cause one visiting reporter to refer to Suiyuan as a `` colony '' of Shanxi . The Suiyuan Campaign took place in Suiyuan during the Second Sino Japanese War . It became a part of the puppet state of Mengjiang from 1937 to 1945 under Japanese rule . During the Chinese Civil War in 1935 , Communist leader Mao Zedong promised Mongol leaders a `` unified autonomous '' administration which would include all `` historic '' Mongol lands within China , in exchange for Mongol support against the Kuomintang . This promise included the declaration that `` Under no circumstances should other -LSB- non-Mongol ethnic groups -RSB- be allowed to occupy the land of the Inner Mongolian nation '' . But following the Communist victory in 1949 , the administrators of the soon-to-be `` Mongolian '' territories with Han Chinese majorities , the biggest of which was Suiyuan with a population of over 2 million , resisted annexation by the new Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . In 1954 , Mao reached a compromise with Suiyuan , which involved the Mongols ' taking over the administration of Suiyuan , but stipulated that the Han natives not be expelled from the territory . Uradyn Bulag thus notes that `` ironically '' , the Mongols ' territorial ambitions against Suiyuan resulted in their becoming a `` small minority within their own -LSB- enlarged -RSB- autonomous region '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b941bfc8dab23b7cbb78642cb920944", "text": "Four-Stage Theory of the Republic of China The Four-Stage Theory of the Republic of China or the Theory of the Four Stages of the Republic of China is a viewpoint proposed by Chen Shui-bian , the President of the Republic of China ( Taiwan ) from 2000 to 2008 , in 2005 . It is a viewpoint regarding the political status of the Republic of China , whose government retreated to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War in 1949 . The main idea of the theory is that the time line for the development of the Republic of China can be classified into four stages , which are : The Republic of China on the mainland . ( Chinese : 中華民國在大陸 , Republic of China ( 1912 -- 49 ) ) ( 1912 -- 1949 ) The Republic of China arrival to Taiwan . ( Chinese : 中華民國來臺灣 ) ( before Lee Teng-hui 's presidency ) ( 1949 -- 1988 ) The Republic of China on Taiwan . ( Chinese : 中華民國在臺灣 ) ( during Lee Teng-hui 's presidency ) ( 1988 -- 2000 ) The Republic of China is Taiwan . ( Chinese : 中華民國是臺灣 ) ( during Chen Shui-bian 's presidency ) ( 2000 -- 2008 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed437e16d9b6655e0e27e269a39b3810", "text": "South Africa–Taiwan relations South Africa -- Taiwan relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Taiwan and the Republic of South Africa . Taiwan and South Africa established diplomatic ties in 1949 . The ties lasted and grew throughout the apartheid-era in South Africa and officially ended in January 1998 when South African President Nelson Mandela recognized the People 's Republic of China . Despite the ending of diplomatic relations , Taiwan and South Africa continue to maintain trade relations . In the absence of formal diplomatic relations , the two countries now have `` Liaison Offices '' , which serve as de facto embassies . South Africa is now represented in Taipei by the Liaison Office of the Republic of South Africa . Similarly , Taiwan is represented by the Taipei Liaison Office in the Republic of South Africa in Pretoria . There is also a Taipei Liaison Office in Cape Town .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c9b5e6922e2cbf6924efdec9946ce61", "text": "Mainland Affairs Council The Mainland Affairs Council ( MAC ) is a cabinet-level administrative agency under the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China . The MAC is responsible for the planning , development , and implementation of policies between the Republic of China on Taiwan and the People 's Republic of China which administers mainland China , Hong Kong and Macau . The MAC counterpart body by the PRC is the Taiwan Affairs Office . Both states officially claim each other 's territory , however the Republic of China controls only Taiwan and surrounding islands , and therefore is usually known as `` Taiwan '' , sometimes referred to as the `` Free Area '' of the Republic of China by the Constitution of the Republic of China . The People 's Republic of China controls mainland China as well as Hong Kong , Macau , Hainan , and other islands and is therefore usually known simply as `` China '' . The Mainland Affairs Council is administered by a cabinet level Minister . The current Minister is Katharine Chang . The council plays an important role in setting policy and development of relations with mainland China and advising the central government . The agency funds and indirectly administers the Straits Exchange Foundation which is the official intermediary with the PRC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2db70e642f2a60d1060e2f7e9725baa3", "text": "Politics of South Korea Politics of the Republic of Korea takes place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic , whereby the President is the head of state , and of a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly . The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature and comprises a Supreme Court , appellate courts and a Constitutional Court . Since 1948 , the constitution has undergone five major revisions , each signifying a new republic . The current Sixth Republic began with the last major constitutional revision in 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "434e3e3eaf7157f47747ac71095e6df6", "text": "Protest and dissent in China In spite of restrictions on freedom of association and of speech , a wide variety of protests and dissident movements have proliferated in China , particularly in the decades since the death of Mao Zedong . Among the most notable of these were the 1959 Tibetan uprising against Communist Party rule , the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests , which was put down with military force , and the 25 April 1999 demonstration by 10,000 Falun Gong practitioners at Zhongnanhai . Protesters and dissidents in China espouse a wide variety of grievances , including corruption , forced evictions , unpaid wages , human rights abuses , environmental degradation , ethnic protests , petitioning for religious freedom and civil liberties , protests against one-party rule , as well as nationalist protests against foreign countries . The number of annual protests has grown steadily since the early 1990s , from approximately 8700 `` mass group incidents '' in 1993 to over 87,000 in 2005 . In 2006 , the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences estimated the number of annual mass incidents to exceed 90,000 , and Chinese sociology professor Sun Liping estimated 180,000 incidents in 2010 . Mass incidents are defined broadly as `` planned or impromptu gathering that forms because of internal contradictions '' , and can include public speeches or demonstrations , physical clashes , public airings of grievances , and other group behaviors that are seen as disrupting social stability . Despite the increase in protests , some scholars have argued that they may not pose an existential threat to Communist Party rule because they lack `` connective tissue ; '' the preponderance of protests in China are aimed at local-level officials , and only a select few dissident movements seek systemic change .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4398c44451d10fa9781cb3828794c26f", "text": "Overseas Taiwanese Overseas Taiwanese , also called `` people of Taiwanese descent '' , are people who are living outside of Republic of China on Taiwan but are of Taiwanese ancestry or descent . Overseas Taiwanese may live in other territories such as the People 's Republic of China and are not necessarily Republic of China nationals . Overseas Taiwanese may not have been born in or lived in the Republic of China . Some Overseas Taiwanese also consider themselves Overseas Chinese . In November 2014 the Taipei Times cited an estimate of 1 million Taiwanese living in mainland China . Overseas citizens must return to Taiwan to legally vote in elections , as Taiwan does not use absentee ballots . In the United States , there are 230,382 to 919,000 people of Taiwanese descent living in the country . They are mostly concentrated in California , New York , and Texas . There are over 91,000 Taiwanese people in Canada , mainly living in the provinces of British Columbia and Ontario .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7e8dae00dd5becff880baa20a28f986", "text": "Corruption in China Corruption in China post-1949 lies in the `` organizational involution '' of the ruling party , including the Communist Party of China 's policies , institutions , norms , and failure to adapt to a changing environment in the post-Mao era caused by the market liberalization reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping . Like other socialist economies that have undertaken economic reforms , such as post-Soviet Eastern Europe and Central Asia , reform-era China has experienced increasing levels of corruption . Cadre corruption in China has been subject to significant media attention since Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jinping announced his Anti-corruption campaign following the 18th National Congress which was held in November 2012 . Despite this high-profile anti-graft drive , in 2014 China was ranked No. 100 in Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index , which is 20 places lower than 2013 , when it ranked No. 80 . According to 2016 results of Corruption Perception Index of Transparency International , China ranks 79th place out of 176 countries . This puts China on par with Algeria and Suriname , and comparable to Armenia , Colombia , Egypt , Gabon , Liberia , Panama , Bolivia , Mexico , Moldova and Niger . China ranked less corrupt than neighbours Myanmar , Vietnam , Laos , North Korea , Russia , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Afghanistan , Pakistan and Nepal but more corrupt than neighbours Australia , New Zealand , Singapore , India , Bhutan , Macau , Hong Kong and Mongolia . Means of corruption include graft , bribery , embezzlement , backdoor deals , nepotism , patronage , and statistical falsification . Public surveys on the mainland since the late 1980s have shown that it is among the top concerns of the general public . According to Yan Sun , Associate Professor of Political Science at the City University of New York , it was corruption , rather than democracy as such , that lay at the root of the social dissatisfaction that led to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 . Corruption undermines the legitimacy of the CPC , adds to economic inequality , undermines the environment , and fuels social unrest . Since then , corruption has not slowed down as a result of greater economic freedom , but instead has grown more entrenched and severe in its character and scope . Business deals often involve participation in corruption . In popular perception , there are more dishonest CPC officials than honest ones , a reversal of the views held in the first decade of reform of the 1980s . China specialist Minxin Pei argues that failure to contain widespread corruption is among the most serious threats to China 's future economic and political stability . Bribery , kickbacks , theft , and misspending of public funds costs at least three percent of GDP . China , though not a member of the OECD has participated as an observer in the OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions , see OECD Anti-Bribery Convention .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab2ff118426a0f34d251d13a2afdca40", "text": "Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China The Reorganized National Government was the name of the collaborationist government established in the Republic of China from 1940-45 . -LSB- 2 -RSB- It was led by former Kuomintang ( KMT ) party member Wang Jingwei . Wang Jingwei was the leftist leader of a predominantly civilian Kuomintang faction called the Reorganizationists , who were often at odds with Chiang Kai-shek and his military arm of the Kuomintang . Shortly after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and the initial invasion by the Imperial Japanese Army , Wang Jingwei advocated a strategy of peace and appeasement in order to end the string of devastating losses sustained by the Nationalist Forces and in order to secure the Japanese as a potential ally against the Chinese Communist Party . After the fall of the capital city of Nanjing to the Imperial Japanese Army soon after the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War , the Nationalist government went into exile to Chongqing . On 30 March 1940 Wang Jingwei and his allies defected from Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists and established a collaborationist government under the Japanese Army that claimed to be the legitimate representative of all of the Republic of China . This reorganized national government was formed out of a number of previous collaborationist governments that existed in northern and central China , including the Reformed Government of the Republic of China based in eastern China , the Provisional Government of the Republic of China in northern China , and later on the Mengjiang government in Inner Mongolia , though in reality northern China and Inner Mongolia stayed relatively free of its influence . Although using the same state symbols and name of the republic , the new government obtained international recognition only from the Anti-Comintern Pact countries . The exiled Nationalist government in Chongqing continued to be recognized as the legitimate government of China . While heavily restricted in its powers by the Japanese occupation , the Reorganized government attempted to limit the civilian casualties inflicted by the Japanese Imperial Army . At the same time , the new government also eagerly assisted the Japanese Imperial Army against Communist forces operating in Reorganized Government territory . As the Japanese war situation worsened and Allied and American forces began threatening the Pacific , the puppet state was gradually granted increased self-governance culminating in the reorganized national government declared war on the Allies on 9 January 1943 . It was disbanded following the surrender of Japan in August 1945 , with the majority of its surviving leaders being put on trial , declared hanjian , traitors to the Han people , and imprisoned or executed for treason .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6e39c91793a9b618eaee5778d58b3e4", "text": "Architecture of Taiwan The architecture of Taiwan can be traced back to stilt housing of the aborigines in prehistoric times ; to the building of fortresses and churches in the north and south used to colonize and convert the inhabitants during the Dutch and Spanish period ; the Tungning period when Taiwan was a base of anti-Qing sentiment and Minnan-style architechture was introduced ; in Qing dynasty period , a mix of Chinese and Western architecture appeared and artillery battery flourished during Qing 's Self-Strengthening Movement ; During the Japanese rule of Taiwan , the Minnan , Japanese and Western culture were main influencers in architectural designs and saw the introduction and use of reinforced concrete . Due to excessive Westernization as a colony , after the retrocession of Taiwan to the Republic of China in 1945 from Japan at the end of World War II , Chinese classical style became popular and entered into international mainstream as a postmodern design style . Today , Taiwanese architecture has undergone much diversification , every style of architecture can be seen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61c4538a222d30c680f93d27e2688a1b", "text": "National Democratic Party (Japan) The National Democratic Party ( 国民民主党 , Kokumin Minshutō ) was a political party in Japan . It was active from 1950 until 1952 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cd71ce7d78f85a97be22ba9d29bfaee", "text": "Taishō period The , or Taishō era , is a period in the history of Japan dating from July 30 , 1912 , to December 25 , 1926 , coinciding with the reign of the Emperor Taishō . The new emperor was a sickly man , which prompted the shift in political power from the old oligarchic group of elder statesmen ( or genrō ) to the Imperial Diet of Japan and the democratic parties . Thus , the era is considered the time of the liberal movement known as the `` Taishō democracy '' in Japan ; it is usually distinguished from the preceding chaotic Meiji period and the following militarism-driven first part of the Shōwa period .", "title": "" } ]	fever
da48177d849ed9b97c84675d47aa353c	Battle Studies World Tour was a tour by a singer from the United States.	[ { "docid": "c8aa5d5baf77716c592e8d15632f3cff", "text": "Battle Studies World Tour Battle Studies World Tour was a worldwide tour by American singer John Mayer . The tour spanned across the United States , Canada , Denmark , Australia , and the Netherlands , promoting his 2009 album Battle Studies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b311a99c1e5267dffbe6a5853b8233", "text": "Connecticut Connecticut ( -LSB- kəˈnɛtᵻkət -RSB- ) is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . As of the 2010 Census , Connecticut features the highest per-capita income , Human Development Index ( 0.962 ) , and median household income in the United States . Connecticut is bordered by Rhode Island to the east , Massachusetts to the north , New York to the west , and Long Island Sound to the south . Its capital city is Hartford , and its most populous city is Bridgeport . Although Connecticut is technically part of New England , it is often grouped along with New York and New Jersey as the Tri-state area . The state is named for the Connecticut River , a major U.S. river that approximately bisects the state . The word `` Connecticut '' is derived from various anglicized spellings of an Algonquian word for `` long tidal river '' . Connecticut is the third smallest state by area , the 29th most populous , and the fourth most densely populated of the 50 United States . It is known as the `` Constitution State '' , the `` Nutmeg State '' , the `` Provisions State '' , and the `` Land of Steady Habits '' . It was influential in the development of the federal government of the United States . Much of southern and western Connecticut ( along with the majority of the state 's population ) is part of the New York metropolitan area ; three of Connecticut 's eight counties are statistically included in the New York City combined statistical area , which is widely referred to as the Tri-State area . Connecticut 's center of population is in Cheshire , New Haven County , which is also located within the Tri-State area . Connecticut 's first European settlers were Dutch . They established a small , short-lived settlement in present-day Hartford at the confluence of the Park and Connecticut rivers called Huys de Goede Hoop . Initially , half of Connecticut was a part of the Dutch colony New Netherland , which included much of the land between the Connecticut and Delaware rivers . The first major settlements were established in the 1630s by England . Thomas Hooker led a band of followers overland from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded what became the Connecticut Colony ; other settlers from Massachusetts founded the Saybrook Colony and the New Haven Colony . The Connecticut and New Haven Colonies established documents of Fundamental Orders , considered the first constitutions in North America . In 1662 , the three colonies were merged under a royal charter , making Connecticut a crown colony . This colony was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution . The Connecticut River , Thames River , and ports along the Long Island Sound have given Connecticut a strong Maritime tradition which continues today . The state also has a long history of hosting the financial services industry , including insurance companies in Hartford and hedge funds in Fairfield County .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ea136b31467f36cc8294102738132d7", "text": "John Mayer John Clayton Mayer ( -LSB- ˈmeɪ.ɚ -RSB- born October 16 , 1977 ) is an American singer-songwriter , guitarist , and producer . He was born in Bridgeport , Connecticut , and raised in nearby Fairfield . He attended Berklee College of Music in Boston , but disenrolled and moved to Atlanta in 1997 with Clay Cook . Together , they formed a short-lived two-man band called Lo-Fi Masters . After their split , Mayer continued to play local clubs -- refining his skills and gaining a following . After his appearance at the 2001 South by Southwest Festival , he was signed to Aware Records , and then Columbia Records , which released his first EP , Inside Wants Out . His following two full-length albums -- Room for Squares ( 2001 ) and Heavier Things ( 2003 ) -- did well commercially , achieving multi-platinum status . In 2003 , he won the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for the single `` Your Body Is a Wonderland '' . Though Mayer started his career mainly performing acoustic rock , he began moving towards the blues genre that had originally influenced him as a musician . By 2005 , he was collaborating with blues artists such as B. B. King , Buddy Guy , and Eric Clapton . Forming the John Mayer Trio , he released a live album in 2005 called Try ! , and his third studio album Continuum in 2006 . Both albums received wide critical acclaim , and Continuum earned Mayer a 2007 Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album . He also won Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for `` Waiting on the World to Change '' . That album was followed by Battle Studies in 2009 , a return to pop , with a number-one grossing tour . After having several controversial incidents with the media , Mayer withdrew from public life in 2010 and began work on a follow-up album , called Born and Raised , that would draw inspiration from the 1970s pop music of Laurel Canyon . However , the discovery of a granuloma on his vocal cords delayed the release of the album until May 2012 , and ultimately forced him to cancel the planned tour . Even so , the album enjoyed a generally favorable reception , though was less commercially successful than his previous work . After extensive treatments for his vocal problems -- and a two-year hiatus -- Mayer began performing as a singer again in January 2013 , and that year released the album , Paradise Valley . The album is named for where he lives in Montana and features country music influences . By 2014 , he had sold a total of over 20 million albums worldwide . After developing an interest in the Grateful Dead and connecting with Bob Weir , Mayer formed Dead & Company with three former Grateful Dead musicians . After two well-received tours in the fall of 2015 and summer of 2016 , the band has already committed to another tour for the summer of 2017 . Mayer 's secondary career pursuits extend to television hosting , comedy , and writing ; he has authored columns for magazines such as Esquire . He supports various causes and has performed at charity benefits . He is a watch aficionado ( with a collection he values in the `` tens of millions '' of dollars ) , and has been on the jury at the Grand Prix d'Horlogerie de Genève . He currently lives in Montana . His latest song is `` Love on the Weekend '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8c981126e877504b243090935c19acc1", "text": "List of Garth Brooks concert tours Garth Brooks is an American country pop singer-songwriter . From his first concert series to his current record-breaking worldwide tour , Brooks has changed the face of performing from a country music perspective , adding high energy and pyrotechnics to depict a hard rock-country crossover . Since his first tour began in 1991 , Brooks has performed in a variety of concert settings , including world tours , residency shows , and benefit concerts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0238576a4eea76facf8ddd1214f14f3c", "text": "Teena Marie Mary Christine Brockert ( March 5 , 1956 -- December 26 , 2010 ) , better known by her stage name Teena Marie , was an American singer-songwriter , and producer . She was known by her childhood nickname Tina before taking the stage name Teena Marie and later acquired the nickname Lady Tee ( sometimes spelled Lady T ) , given to her by her collaborator and friend , Rick James . She was known for her distinctive soulful vocals , which caused many listeners to believe she was African American . Her success in R&B and soul music , and loyalty to these genres would earn her the title Ivory Queen of Soul . She played rhythm guitar , keyboards , and congas , and wrote , produced , sang , and arranged virtually all of her songs since her 1980 release , Irons in the Fire , which she later said was her favorite album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a849e8de412ad6d0193bfbf98d62cbd", "text": "Buzz Tour The Buzz Tour was a mini concert tour in 2004 by American R&B / soul singer Jill Scott , in support of her Platinum selling album , Beautifully Human : Words and Sounds Vol . 2 . The tour featured songs from her debut album and selection of songs from the new album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34df652b196b5446d725c95ebf500cba", "text": "Holly Henry Holly Mae Heinrich ( born March 31 , 1994 ) , better known by her stage name Holly Henry , is an American singer/songwriter from Minnesota . She took her stage name when competing in the fifth season of the United States version of reality singing competition The Voice . She subsequently built an international fan base as a Partner with YouTube and through original music releases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c465f9df3c4f6d402563f7631f1de37", "text": "I Am... World Tour I Am ... World Tour ( sometimes referred to as the I Am ... Tour ) was the fourth concert tour by American recording artist Beyoncé . It was launched in support of her third studio album , I Am ... Sasha Fierce ( 2008 ) . The tour was announced in October 2008 and the first dates were revealed in December 2008 . It kicked off in late-March 2009 with five rehearsal shows in North America , officially commencing in late April 2009 . The tour visited the Americas , Europe , Asia , Africa , and Australia with 108 shows in total . Preparations for the shows began eight months prior to the beginning of the tour with twelve-hour rehearsals for two months . Knowles described the shows as her best and most theatrical from all of her tours . Pre-concert food drives were held during several stops of the I Am ... World Tour as part of a campaign by General Mills ' Hamburger Helper entitled , `` Show Your Helping Hand '' where fans were asked to bring food during the concerts . The set list for the concerts included songs from Knowles ' three studio albums as well as several covers of other artists and a Destiny 's Child medley . The central theme of the tour was to showcase the difference between Knowles ' dual personality ; her emotional side and her onstage persona , Sasha Fierce which was also demonstrated in the dual album I Am ... Sasha Fierce . The show featured two stages -- the main one and a smaller B-stage where Knowles was transferred during the middle of the show . She was backed by an all-female band , female background dancers and a big LED screen . Thierry Mugler collaborated with Knowles on the costumes and had a creative advisor role further working on the choreography , lighting and production . Chris March made the costumes usable for stage and helped in their making . For the ballads , Knowles wore longer dresses while for the performances of the up-tempo songs , more make-up and more revealing outfits were worn . The fashion and Knowles ' look and figure received praise from critics . I Am ... World Tour received critical acclaim from music critics who praised Knowles ' performance abilities calling her the best female performer and chose the performances of `` Ave Maria '' , `` Listen '' and `` At Last '' as highlights during the shows . A concert in Malaysia was cancelled by Knowles after several Muslim groups tried to ban it although she agreed to tone down her look according to the country 's standards . The tour was commercially successful grossing $ 86.0 million from 93 shows in total . Separate performances of several songs were broadcast on different channels and two concerts were released as live albums ; the live performance at the I Am ... Yours revue was released in a CD/DVD format in 2009 and footage of the tour was released on an eponymous titled live album in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38d1afc5005117eb99a13f60dfd59b12", "text": "Pearl Jam 2008 United States Tour The Pearl Jam 2008 United States Tour was a concert tour by the American rock band Pearl Jam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9651e93af09cbe065b6788d9a06e4ab", "text": "Hilary Weeks Hilary Weeks ( née , Novakovich ; born March 7 , 1970 ) is an American Christian musician and Mormon singer , who primarily plays a worship and gospel music version of Christian country and Christian pop . She has released ten musical works , with eight of those being studio albums , He Hears Me ( 1996 ) , Lead Me Home ( 1998 ) and I Will Not Forget ( 2000 ) , Day of Praise ( 2004 ) , If I Only Had Today ( 2008 ) , Every Step ( 2011 ) , Say Love ( 2013 ) , Say Love ( 2013 ) , and , Love Your Life ( 2016 ) , while she released two holiday albums , Christmastime ( 2006 ) and Christmas Once Again ( 2009 ) . Her last four musical works charted on various Billboard magazine charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3eb8d3ce2c1a3777497df9b5afb8204d", "text": "June Singer June Singer ( 1920 -- January 19 , 2004 ) was an American analytical psychologist . She co-founded the Analytical Psychology Club of Chicago , later the Jung Institute of Chicago , as well as the Inter-Regional Society of Jungian Analysts . She helped to popularize Carl Jung 's theories in the United States , and wrote several well-regarded books . __ NOTOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a7490febaf3807f9c79158b5069325d", "text": "Victoria Vox Victoria Davitt ( born October 17 , 1978 ) , better known by stage name Victoria Vox , is a singer , songwriter and musician specializing in the ukulele . A native of Green Bay , Wisconsin , Vox now resides in Maryland when not on tour . The Baltimore Sun notes her influences as including The Cranberries , Madonna , Cyndi Lauper , Patty Griffin , Sting , and Peter Gabriel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e9fd63108789ae1821919748d7291f", "text": "Libby Titus Elizabeth `` Libby '' Titus ( nee Jurist ; born July 6 , 1947 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor , and concert producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eabfc93cb51769d841242286afc76d42", "text": "Helen Baylor Helen LaRue Lowe ( born January 8 , 1954 ) , known professionally as Helen Baylor , is an American singer -- songwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d8b01e11475a0513ca406b013295424", "text": "Arielle (singer) Arielle ( born August 3 , 1990 ) is an American singer , songwriter , and guitar player born in Short Hills , New Jersey , and raised in San Mateo , California . Her musical inspiration comes from music groups such as Queen and Boston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fe70a352bd172fea9ebb1f91317868d", "text": "Under My Spell Tour The Under My Spell Tour was a world concert tour by American recording artist Paula Abdul to support her multi-platinum selling album Spellbound . The tour was her first and MTV held a contest for its viewers to name the tour . Abdul 's tour was almost canceled before it began due to injuring her leg by catching her heel in a groove of the stage while rehearsing . Paula was going to have to cancel until a Chinese acupuncturist allowed her to walk again . Paula put 4 million dollars of her own money into the tour and even though she was injured the opening night went on as planned . The outing started on October 26 , in Birmingham , Alabama , visiting several cities in North America , Europe , Australia and Asia . The tour ended in August 1992 and gross over 60 million in ticket sells .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6871d3f160b23050ff0e6ceb2e316b13", "text": "Julianne Baird Julianne Baird ( born December 10 , 1952 in Statesville , North Carolina ) is an American soprano best known for her singing in Baroque works , in both opera and sacred music . She has nearly 100 recordings to her credit and is a well-traveled recitalist and soloist with major symphony orchestras . She is also a noted teacher of voice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e9f48d8a4c75c16a2095bd2a44154b6", "text": "List of Jordin Sparks tours Below is an organized list of all the concert tours by singer Jordin Sparks . Her first concert tour was in North America , where she performed in 59 cities during 2007 in support of sixth season American Idol . Her second tour , in support of her first album , Jesse & Jordin LIVE Tour performing in 19 cities in North America . Her third tour Battlefield Tour , in support of her second album Battlefield , making a total of 38 dates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2a4dbc30e72828733b6d6ec1a13fe18", "text": "Miranda Sings Miranda Sings is a fictional character , developed on the internet , created in 2008 and portrayed by American comedian , actress and YouTube personality Colleen Ballinger . Ballinger displays videos of the comically talentless , egotistical , misguided and quirky character on her YouTube channel . In these videos , the eccentric , narcissistic , yet endearing character sings and dances badly , gives inept `` tutorials '' , recounts her daily activities , discusses current events that she often misunderstands , collaborates with other YouTubers , and rants about her critics , reading examples of hate mail directed at the character on social media ; she responds to them with her catchphrase : `` Haters Back Off ! '' . Ballinger created the character as a satire of bad but arrogant singers who believe that posting their videos on YouTube will lead to them breaking into show business . As of February 2017 , the Miranda Sings YouTube channel had surpassed 1.2 billion views and 7 million subscribers , and Miranda had more than 6 million Instagram followers . Miranda has been ranked the 7th `` most popular '' YouTube personality by Daily American , and the channel was ranked No. 38 of all time by NewMediaRockstars . The character also has an active presence on other social media . Since 2009 , in addition to her internet videos , Ballinger has regularly presented live comedy acts , in character as Miranda Sings , at first in cabaret spaces and later in theaters in New York , London , and other cities in the US , Canada , Europe , Australia and elsewhere . Her acts include Miranda 's signature off-key singing of pop music hits and show tunes , with introductions focusing on the character 's backstory . Her delivery is full of malapropisms , mondegreens and spoonerisms , and the acts incorporate interaction with audience volunteers , giving a `` voice lesson '' to , or singing a duet with , Broadway or other musical celebrities , reading hate mail , and singing while being stabbed through the neck in her `` magic trick '' . The character has appeared in web series , interviews and an episode of the TV show Victorious . In 2014 , she guest-starred in character on an episode of Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee with Jerry Seinfeld and appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon . In July 2015 , she released a New York Times # 1 best-selling book , written in Miranda 's voice , titled Selp-Helf . Miranda is the main character in the Netflix original series Haters Back Off , which premiered in 2016 and has been renewed for 2017 . Ballinger won a Teen Choice Award and a Streamy Award for her Miranda videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "668a852bd55d25dd8eabd69b84bc4886", "text": "Battlefield Tour The Battlefield Tour was a concert tour by American pop singer Jordin Sparks in support of her second studio album Battlefield . It is Sparks ' first headlining tour . The tour consisted of mostly general assembly venues such as theaters , ballrooms , amusement parks , and casinos . It was initially only set to visit 15 cities nationwide . On April 22 , several dates were rescheduled in order to expand the tour to 35 cities across the nation . The tour started on May 1 , 2010 in Uncasville , Connecticut and ended on July 18 , 2010 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . In an interview with AI Now , Sparks spoke of the tour `` Hopefully , maybe in March I will be doing a tour . I would love to do a House of Blues theater type tour so it 's a little more intimate ... it 's really fulfilling after you get off a stage like that , it 's really awesome because it 's like you can say ` hey , I left everything out there . ' ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ff6aa1bf26cf8210ec7e153e418bc32", "text": "Live Alive Tour The Live Alive Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American blues rock band Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble . Staged in support of their 1986 live album Live Alive , the band visited North America and Europe from 1986 through 1988 . A week before it began , guitarist and singer Stevie Ray Vaughan and bassist Tommy Shannon had achieved sobriety and it was their first tour after succeeding in overcoming their addictions . Consisting of six legs and 209 shows , the tour began in Towson , Maryland on November 22 , 1986 and concluded in New York City on December 31 , 1988 . The first four legs alternated between the United States and Canada , before the fifth leg visited Europe . The tour was mostly well-received and provoked positive reactions from music critics . The band 's 1989 album In Step , which included song ideas that were being performed on the tour , was recorded after the tour 's conclusion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d1fa79250e9e86efecab6adf0495f80", "text": "Compositions World Tour The Compositions World Tour was a concert tour in 1990 by American recording artist Anita Baker in support of her Platinum selling album Compositions . The tour was to kick-off in early May with four sold-out shows at the Sunrise Music Theatre in Miami , Florida . The dates where soon cancelled due to Baker becoming vocally ill the prior week before the scheduled shows . The tour resumed in late May with dates scheduled in North America and Europe . Baker performed four-consecutive shows in various cities in North America , which included Merrillville , Indiana and Miami , Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4eacacd8abeb17faa681245626e0b4ec", "text": "Utada United 2006 Utada United 2006 was a 2006 concert tour by Japanese American pop singer-songwriter Hikaru Utada .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6a0d8eaba76c7e7c238ee648e529012a	There is a film called The Breakfast Club.	[ { "docid": "9ecca596c354b7f036033f361ead64f7", "text": "The Breakfast Club The Breakfast Club is a 1985 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film written , produced , and directed by John Hughes , starring Emilio Estevez , Paul Gleason , Anthony Michael Hall , Judd Nelson , Molly Ringwald and Ally Sheedy . The storyline follows five teenagers , each members of different high school cliques , who spend a Saturday in detention together and come to realize that they are all more than their respective stereotypes , while facing a strict disciplinarian . The film premiered in Los Angeles on February 7 , 1985 . Universal Pictures released the film in cinemas in the United States on February 15 , 1985 . It received critical acclaim and earned $ 51.5 million on a $ 1 million budget . Critics consider it one of the greatest high school films of all time , as well as one of Hughes ' most memorable and recognizable works . The media referred to the film 's five main actors as members of a group called the `` Brat Pack '' . The title comes from the nickname invented by students and staff for morning detention at New Trier High School , the school attended by the son of one of John Hughes ' friends . Thus , those who were sent to detention before school starting time were designated members of `` The Breakfast Club '' . In 2016 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . The film was digitally remastered and was re-screened throughout 430 theaters in celebration of its 30th anniversary in 2015 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4621d0953097b10281877f7a9f0d03a3", "text": "Canned Film Festival The Canned Film Festival is a comedy-based motion picture television series that was nationally syndicated during the late night hours in the United States for a single season in the summer of 1986 . With only a one-letter difference in the spelling , the name is an intentional play on the name for the Cannes Film Festival , the annual world-renowned film-screening celebration in Cannes , France . Not to be confused with the latter , the Canned Film Festival featured B movies as the centerpiece for each television episode , and was composed of short vignettes interwoven throughout the films . Boasting the tagline `` late night with the best of the worst '' , the series was promoted and sponsored by the Dr Pepper Company , whose then-tagline `` out-of-the-ordinary '' echoed the show 's collection of odd and strange movies . The series was created by Young & Rubicam , developed for television by Chelsea Communications , and distributed by LBS Communications . Although similar in style to the successful Mystery Science Theater 3000 series that aired a few years later , the Canned Film Festival differed in that its comedy scenes occurred strictly during the commercial intermissions instead of adding peanut gallery type satire during the actual run of the movies . In addition , the script , although comedic in nature , often reflected upon the serious contextual and cultural subjects contained in the featured movies , sometimes providing historical insight into their production . An example is seen during the episode featuring Project Moonbase , where female spaceship commanders were discussed as an accurate future prediction by the 1950s era movie , as were cordless telephones and big screen televisions . The featured B movies of the series were not full-length , and edited to fit the show 's approximately two-hour timeframe per episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c100d532fe6c559380783c282c7b4eb", "text": "Chocolates for Breakfast Chocolates for Breakfast is a 1956 American novel written by Pamela Moore . Originally published in 1956 when Moore was eighteen years old , the novel gained notoriety from readers and critics for its frank depiction of teenage sexuality , and its discussion of the taboo topics of homosexuality and gender roles . The plot focuses on fifteen-year-old Courtney Farrell and her destructive upbringing between her father , a wealthy Manhattan publisher , and her mother , a faltering Hollywood actress . Upon its release in 1956 , the novel became an international sensation and was published in multiple languages , with many critics drawing comparisons to the 1954 French novel Bonjour Tristesse by Françoise Sagan . Chocolates for Breakfast went out of print in 1967 , and was not reprinted in the United States until Harper Perennial re-released the novel in June 2013 . This marks its first re-printing in North America in over forty-five years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da1deccfaafae35e585445d025142cfd", "text": "Midnight breakfast Midnight breakfast is a generic term for a communal meal served at some American colleges and universities . Menu items that are generally considered breakfast foods are served in the school 's dining hall late at night ( hence `` midnight '' ) as a study break before or during final exams , or as a traditional community-building event . Midnight breakfast is usually at most a weekly event and at least an annual event , and should not be confused with school dining facilities that operate 24 hours a day on a regular basis . Midnight breakfasts are held once a semester during finals week and can be accompanied by karaoke . Category : Breakfasts Category : Academic meals Category : Student culture", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4ccfd032b8bb467a3c60afa4ed633c5", "text": "Eating club An eating club is a social club found in American universities . Eating clubs date to the late 19th and early 20th centuries and are intended to allow college students to enjoy meals and pleasant discourse . Some clubs are referred to as bicker clubs because of the process of bickering over which applicants to accept as members . Replaced largely by the modern fraternity and sorority system , eating clubs are now limited to a few colleges and universities , most notably Princeton University , Davidson College , Mount Olive College , and Reed College in the United States . The origins of such clubs are collegiate dining clubs in the United Kingdom , specifically founded earlier than or contemporarily with the foundation of the early American universities such as The Pitt Club , The Bullingdon Club , and The 16 ' Club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc40d5f72f292bb680fa4a6cfe66b477", "text": "Clubland Clubland may refer to : St James 's , an area of Westminster in London where many gentlemen 's clubs were located Clubland ( 1999 film ) , an American film by Mary Lambert Clubland ( 2007 film ) , an Australian comedy film Clubland ( band ) , a 1990s house-music group Clubland ( dance brand ) , a UK dance album and events brand Clubland ( compilation series ) , a series of compilation albums Clubland TV , a UK music channel Clubland ( Screenplay ) , an installment , featuring David Morrissey , of the UK satirical anthology TV series Screenplay `` Clubland '' ( song ) , a song by Elvis Costello Clubland , a block of dance-related music videos currently airing late nights on MTV in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7036088189e0a352d3c62e0e9b44ab2", "text": "Breakfast on Pluto Breakfast on Pluto is a 1998 novel by Patrick McCabe . The book was shortlisted for the 1998 Booker Prize , and was adapted for the screen by McCabe and Neil Jordan ; Jordan directed the 2005 film . The author derived the novel 's title from the 1969 hit record Breakfast On Pluto by Don Partridge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfa79ba3c5fffefda8c46edb358ce00f", "text": "Café society Café society was the description of the `` Beautiful People '' and `` Bright Young Things '' who gathered in fashionable cafes and restaurants in New York , Paris , and London beginning in the late 19th century . Maury Henry Biddle Paul is credited with coining the phrase `` cafe society '' in 1915 . Lucius Beebe created the term `` chromium mist '' for the cafe society lifestyle he chronicled in his weekly column , `` This New York , '' for the New York Herald Tribune during the 1920s and 1930s . They attended each other 's private dinners and balls and took holidays in exotic locations or at elegant resorts . In the United States , café society came to the fore with the end of Prohibition in December 1933 and the rise of photojournalism , to describe the set of people who tended to do their entertaining semi-publicly , in restaurants and night clubs and who would include among them movie stars and sports celebrities . Some of the American night clubs and New York City restaurants frequented by the denizens of café society included El Morocco , the Stork Club , Restaurant Larue , and the 21 Club . A complete history of New York café society , illustrated with photographs by Jerome Zerbe , was published by McFarland Publishing in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b075c576fd6d28482b90bebbf63aa68d", "text": "Club Fed (film) Club Fed is a 1990 comedy film that spoofs the `` Club Fed '' - type of minimum security prisons where wealthy white-collar criminals are often sent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c95412b95a9ac3e4990cd5a3ec8d8644", "text": "Breakfast in America (song) `` Breakfast in America '' is the title track from Supertramp 's 1979 album of the same name . It was a minor hit on the singles charts in the US but was a Top 10 hit in the UK . The song was written by Roger Hodgson before Supertramp were formed , during his late teens , but is jointly credited to him and his bandmate/songwriting partner Rick Davies . Davies wanted Hodgson to re-write the by-then over a decade old lyrics , but Hodgson refused , feeling that they were too intrinsic to the song and captured the innocence of his adolescence . The lyrics tell about a person who has never been to America and fantasizes about it . After Supertramp started performing the song during a `` reunion '' tour without Hodgson , Hodgson pointedly told reporters that Davies initially `` hated '' the song and that he believed Davies did not play on the recording at all . However , in other interviews , Hodgson has credited Davies with creating the vocalized retort line , `` What 's she got ? Not a lot . '' The 2005 song `` Cupid 's Chokehold '' by Gym Class Heroes heavily utilizes the melody of `` Breakfast in America '' and features Fall Out Boy singer Patrick Stump performing the opening lines of the song as a refrain . The song was also sampled in Drake 's `` Stunt Hard '' and James Blunt performed a live version of the song which featured on the deluxe edition of his second album All The Lost Souls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f69cbe56cb28752cc92fb1b37c46d7e0", "text": "Timecode (film) Timecode is a 2000 American experimental film written and directed by Mike Figgis and featuring a large ensemble cast , including Salma Hayek , Stellan Skarsgård , Jeanne Tripplehorn , Suzy Nakamura , Kyle MacLachlan , Saffron Burrows , Holly Hunter , Julian Sands , Xander Berkeley , Leslie Mann and Mía Maestro . The film is constructed from four continuous 93-minute takes that were filmed simultaneously by four cameramen ; the screen is divided into quarters , and the four shots are shown simultaneously . The film depicts several groups of people in Los Angeles as they interact and conflict while preparing for the shooting of a movie in a production office . The dialogue was largely improvised , and the sound mix of the film is designed so that the most significant of the four sequences on screen dominates the soundtrack at any given moment . An allusion to this film can be heard during another of Mike Figgis 's films , Hotel . In the first moment the screen is split into four quadrants . The sound of milk being steamed in one quadrant combines with the sound of an actor tapping beats onto a paperback novel in another quadrant to create a very subtle imitation of the sounds and music heard during the first few minutes in Timecode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15212773bbc071324ccf7a030977fd8e", "text": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Cereal Bill & Ted 's Excellent Cereal was a cereal based on the Bill & Ted movies and cartoon of the late 1980s and early 1990s . It was promoted with the branding slogan `` A Most Awesome Breakfast Adventure '' . The magazine Mental Floss ranked it first in their list of the 10 best marketing-inspired breakfast cereals . The cereal was made by Ralston Purina , which at the time sold food products for both humans and animals . The cereal was cinnamon-flavored and had mini music-themed marshmallows , although they resembled pieces of Kibbles 'n Bits . While the cereal was sold , which was for only a short period , it offered many giveaways and promotions . One of the more prominent ones was `` Hysterical Postcards , '' which were mini-postcards involving Bill & Ted and their trips through time . Another notable promotion was a free audio-cassette holder , shaped in the image of the Phone Booth , and with a sticker depicting the cartoon versions of Bill and Ted on the front . The cereal was featured in a comedy bit on The Arsenio Hall Show . When Alex Winter appeared on the show , Arsenio Hall asked Winter about the cereal . Hall then presented Winter with a box of the cereal , and challenged an audience member to eat a bowl , which he did .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05a362198bfa46b214a2cb48ca2835f0", "text": "Radio National Breakfast Radio National Breakfast ( sometimes shortened to Breakfast ) is a national early morning news programme in Australia . The programme is broadcast live in the eastern states ( and on delay in other states ) on the ABC Radio National network . It can also be listened to online . The programme is hosted by award winning journalist Fran Kelly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d9097bca226e466b926bedf87ab7f8a", "text": "Honey Nut Clusters Honey Nut Clusters aka CLUSTERS is a breakfast cereal manufactured by General Mills which refers to the cereal as `` crispy wheat & rice flakes with delicious honey nut flavored clusters . '' The manufacturer also points out on the package that it is a `` low fat part of your heart healthy diet '' . A single serving ( 1 cup ) contains 210 calories and 1 gram of fat . The cereal , also known simply as `` Clusters '' , first appeared in 1987 . The cereal gained popularity for commercials often depicting squirrels stealing the cereal by outsmarting the owners . Among the most popular was Robo-Squirrel , in which a cyborg squirrel does serious damage to steal the cereal . Honey Nut Clusters is part of General Mills family of Fruit & Nut cereals , including Raisin Nut Bran and Basic 4 . In 2009 the packaging on all of these cereals was updated to a different `` family of cereals '' look , however some consumers were disappointed and the company switched back to the legacy packaging currently on shelves . The recipe for this cereal was changed in April 2007 , so that it no longer actually includes nuts , substituting natural almond flavoring in its place . The picture on the box no longer depicts the same almond clusters , but the name still includes the word nut . These changes may have been implemented to counteract rising Commodity market prices in 2007 . It could also be presumed the recipe change was due to people 's ever-expanding nut allergies . A limited edition of the product called `` Honey Nut Clijsters '' was produced in 2008 , with tennis player Kim Clijsters portrayed on the box . The cereal is not produced anymore due to a `` lack of sales '' according General Mills circa 2012 or there abouts . Category : General Mills cereals", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bdbfcbc889f1663978e304c7bf818f3", "text": "The Dinner Game The Dinner Game ( original title : Le Dîner de Cons - English : `` Dinner of Fools '' ) is a 1998 French comedy film written and directed by Francis Veber . It is a film adaptation by Veber of his play Le Dîner de Cons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a55af7a0b94ce496ceb778b2516f112", "text": "9 to 5 (film) 9 to 5 ( styled in the opening credits as Nine to Five ) is a 1980 American comedy film directed by Colin Higgins , written by Higgins and Patricia Resnick . It stars Jane Fonda , Lily Tomlin , Dolly Parton as three working women who live out their fantasies of getting even with , and their overthrow of , the company 's autocratic , `` sexist , egotistical , lying , hypocritical bigot '' boss , played by Dabney Coleman . The film grossed over $ 103.9 million and is the 20th highest-grossing comedy film . As a star vehicle for Parton -- already established as a successful singer and songwriter -- it launched her permanently into mainstream popular culture . Although a television series of the same name based on the film was less successful , a musical version of the film ( also titled 9 to 5 ) , with new songs written by Parton , opened on Broadway on April 30 , 2009 . 9 to 5 is number 74 on the American Film Institute 's `` 100 Funniest Movies '' and has an a 82 % approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a9e493f8fb5274a339308ce13e5b098", "text": "Love Before Breakfast Love Before Breakfast is a 1936 American romantic comedy film starring Carole Lombard , Preston Foster , and Cesar Romero , based on Faith Baldwin 's short story Spinster Dinner , published in International-Cosmopolitan in July 1934 . The film was directed by Walter Lang from a screenplay by Herbert Fields assisted by numerous contract writers , including Preston Sturges .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fddff19ac1068b5226e0b5f2075a65cf", "text": "List of teen films Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers and young adults , such as coming of age , first love , rebellion , conflict with parents , teen angst , and alienation . Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers . Teen films have been a trope of the cinema industry for decades since the 1950s . At this time , the film industry saw a greater market for teens with more disposable income and therefore more money to spend on leisure activities , largely going to films . Because of the boom in teen viewers , drive-in movie theaters were also very popular . However , even the silent era had teen films . Recently , online streaming services such as Netflix have created a resurgence in the `` tween '' and teenage-oriented film .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a964f4cc268799569fb5ed07b4b1cdde	Stephen Rider turned down the opportunity to work in the series Lucky 7.	[ { "docid": "fb873323cee6a2aca7a23fbd316849b1", "text": "Stephen Rider Stephen Rider is an American film and television actor , best known for playing Admiral Stephen W. Rochon in the film The Butler and Eric Millworth in the series Lucky 7 . He is currently playing a District Attorney named Blake Tower in the Marvel 's series Daredevil .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "60f23b052ff925ee8090fa8450b52cbc", "text": "Tetragrammaton Labyrinth is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ei Itou . The manga was serialized in the Japanese seinen manga magazine Comic Gum between January 26 , 2005 and November 26 , 2007 , published by Wani Books . The manga has been licensed by Los Angeles-based company Seven Seas Entertainment for distribution in the English language . The first English-bound volume was released on June 30 , 2007 with the second and third being released on November 28 , 2007 and July 8 , 2008 , respectively . The fourth volume was released in December 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "985e91428d67f1c1d295480f8cb5c0b9", "text": "Vampire Hunter D: American Wasteland Vampire Hunter D : American Wasteland is a comic book mini-series based on the popular Vampire Hunter D franchise , set to be published by Devil 's Due Publishing . The series was announced in July 2008 , but was confirmed to be cancelled at the 2009 Long Beach Comic Con , as a result of creative differences between Devil 's Due and the license holders . The story would have followed the typical Vampire Hunter D set-up and remained true to the mythos , but with a `` noticeably North American feel . '' It was to be written by Jimmy Palmiotti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ce0bd491b1af0e28ee6070fb7fbe9bb", "text": "Dinosaur Hour is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hitoshi Shioya . It features short stories about dinosaurs in humorous situations . It is unique for featuring chapters only 7 or 8 pages long . It started publication in 2004 , while the first ( and only ) volume was published in Japan in 2006 , and is published in Japan by Poplar Publishing . Viz Media has released this volume in English as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7066df01f0777dddf446914ab9c5e99a", "text": "Lucky Luke (disambiguation) Lucky Luke is a Belgian comic book series that began in 1946 . `` Lucky Luke '' may also refer to : Lucky Luke , a fictional American cowboy and the title character of the series Lucky Luke , a 1983 animated television series starring William Callaway Lucky Luke ( film ) , a 1991 Italian film adaptation starring Terence Hill Lucky Luke ( TV series ) , a 1992 Italian television series based on the film , starring Terence Hill Lucky Luke ( 2009 film ) , a 2009 French/Argentine film adaptation starring Jean Dujardin Lucky Luke , the name of several video games based on the character , most of them published by Infogrames Entertainment , SA", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c0c89fd36b2d63534aa5441174b0424", "text": "The Walking Dead (season 7) The seventh season of The Walking Dead , an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC , premiered on October 23 , 2016 , and concluded on April 2 , 2017 , consisting of 16 episodes . Developed for television by Frank Darabont , the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman , Tony Moore , and Charlie Adlard . The executive producers are Kirkman , David Alpert , Scott M. Gimple , Greg Nicotero , Tom Luse , and Gale Anne Hurd , with Gimple as showrunner for the fourth consecutive season . The seventh season received generally positive reviews by critics . It is currently nominated for multiple awards , including Best Horror Television Series , at the 43rd Saturn Awards . This season adapts material from issues # 100 -- 114 of the comic book series and introduces notable comic characters Ezekiel ( Khary Payton ) and his pet Bengal tiger , Shiva , including more survivor communities : the Kingdom , the Sanctuary , Oceanside , and the Scavengers . Immediately continuing the events of last season 's cliffhanger , the season continues the story of Rick Grimes ( Andrew Lincoln ) and his group of survivors , who now find themselves brutally overpowered and kneeling helplessly before Negan ( Jeffrey Dean Morgan ) and the Saviors , as they experience a daunting and life-changing confrontation . What Negan does will haunt and change the lives of those who survive forever . The first half of the season focuses on the group , after suffering a heavy loss , gradually coming to terms under the rule of Negan and their struggle to obey his orders . The second half of the season focuses on the group building an army with like-minded communities to prepare for all-out war against the Saviors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd07ef206d521cc05bae95231a695f80", "text": "The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower The Dark Tower is the seventh novel in Stephen King 's Dark Tower series , published by Grant on September 21 , 2004 ( King 's birthday ) , and illustrated by Michael Whelan . It has four subtitles : REPRODUCTION , REVELATION , REDEMPTION , and RESUMPTION -- all but the second of these having been used as subtitles for previous novels in the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c12914bd41fcff20e9b91fdfab33c140", "text": "Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance Ghost Rider : Spirit of Vengeance ( also known as Ghost Rider 2 ) is a 2011 American 3D supernatural superhero film based on the Marvel Comics antihero Ghost Rider . It is the stand-alone sequel to the 2007 film Ghost Rider and features Nicolas Cage as Johnny Blaze/Ghost Rider with supporting roles portrayed by Ciarán Hinds ( replacing Peter Fonda ) , Violante Placido , Johnny Whitworth , Christopher Lambert , and Idris Elba . The film was directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor , from a screenplay written by David S. Goyer , Scott M. Gimple and Seth Hoffman . Ghost Rider : Spirit of Vengeance was released in theaters on February 17 , 2012 in 3D and 2D . Critical reception was largely negative ; critics and fans criticized the script , CGI , and acting . Despite this , the film grossed more than $ 132 million against its $ 57 million budget . Nicolas Cage has said that he is `` done '' with the Ghost Rider films and a planned sequel was canceled . By May 2013 , the film rights to Ghost Rider had reverted to Marvel Studios and the Robbie Reyes version of Ghost Rider appears in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48a8b0fed7b33c840440e6fd7298ccca", "text": "Easy Rider Easy Rider is a 1969 American road movie written by Peter Fonda , Dennis Hopper , and Terry Southern , produced by Fonda and directed by Hopper . It tells the story of two bikers ( played by Fonda and Hopper ) who travel through the American Southwest and South after selling a large score of cocaine . The success of Easy Rider helped spark the New Hollywood era of filmmaking during the early 1970s . The film was added to the Library of Congress National Film Registry in 1998 . A landmark counterculture film , and a `` touchstone for a generation '' that `` captured the national imagination '' , Easy Rider explores the societal landscape , issues , and tensions in the United States during the 1960s , such as the rise and fall of the hippie movement , drug use , and communal lifestyle . In Easy Rider , real drugs were used in scenes showing the use of marijuana and other substances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aefa56a940f08d156feeaa7f0505ad77", "text": "Seven Lucky Gods The Seven Lucky Gods or Seven Gods of Fortune ( 七福神 , shichifukujin in Japanese ) are believed to grant good luck and often have their place in netsuke engravings or in other representations . Amongst the seven , not all the gods are mythical characters , as there is one who is a historical figure . They all began as remote and impersonal gods , but gradually became much closer canonical figures for certain professions and Japanese arts . During the course of its history , the mutual influence between gods has created confusion about which of them was the patron of certain professions . The worship of this group of gods is also due to the importance of the number seven in Japan , which is supposedly a bearer of good luck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a8418d6267366aab11987fe0d0c20cc", "text": "Sam Lawton Samuel `` Sam '' Lawton is a fictional character and the protagonist and visionary in Final Destination 5 . He is the seventh survivor to die .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5957a6324db2ca0a3277b9e4f145746f", "text": "Lonely Road Books Lonely Road Books is a small press publishing company founded in 2007 by Brian James Freeman and Richard Chizmar and based out of Forest Hill , Maryland . They are a publishing company that specializes in deluxe signed limited edition books . Lonely Road Books has released the anthology Dark Forces : The 25th Anniversary Special Edition edited by Kirby McCauley , and they have released and are releasing books by notable writers Stephen King , Ray Garton ( writing as Arthur Darknell ) , Douglas Clegg , Stewart O'Nan , Mick Garris , and more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbe5cbcadee4921477a75c09f9e4a61b", "text": "Star of the Guardians Star of the Guardians is a series of fantasy novels by Margaret Weis . The series consists of several volumes : The Lost King King 's Test King 's Sacrifice Ghost Legion The Knights of the Black Earth ( 1995 ) , ISBN 0-451-45425-1 Robot Blues ( 1996 ) , ISBN 0-451-45581-9 Hung Out ( 1998 ) , ISBN 0-451-45618-1 Star of the Guardians is a series of four science fiction / space opera novels written by Margaret Weis without assistance from usual co-author Tracy Hickman . The original trilogy , The Lost King , King 's Test and King 's Sacrifice , concerns Dion 's adventures and eventual rise to the throne . A few years later , Margaret Weis realized that , while Dion had achieved his goals , the main characters of the series ( sundered lovers Sagan and Maigrey ) had not achieved peace , and penned the fourth book , Ghost Legion . She has since completed a trilogy of spin-offs concerning the mercenary team Mag Force 7 introduced in King 's Sacrifice . Based originally on The Magnificent Seven , the team developed a much more varied membership just in time to star in their own novels : The Knights of the Black Earth , Robot Blues and Hung Out . Weis and Don Perrin released a collectible card game under the name `` Mag Force 7 '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21b0c12a370866a8127e0057ecfccfaf", "text": "The Rainbow Trail The Rainbow Trail , also known as The Desert Crucible , is Western author Zane Grey 's sequel to Riders of the Purple Sage . Originally published under the title The Rainbow Trail in 1915 , it was re-edited and re-released in recent years as The Desert Crucible with the original manuscript that Grey submitted to publishers . The novel takes place ten years after events of Riders of the Purple Sage . The wall to Surprise Valley has broken , and Jane Withersteen is forced to choose between Lassiter 's life and Fay Larkin 's marriage to a Mormon . Both novels are notable for their protagonists ' mild opposition to Mormon polygamy , but in The Rainbow Trail this theme is treated more explicitly . The plots of both books revolve around the victimization of women in the Mormon culture : events in Riders of the Purple Sage are centered on the struggle of a Mormon woman who sacrifices her wealth and social status to avoid becoming a junior wife of the head of a local church , while The Rainbow Trail contrasts the older Mormons with the rising generation of Mormon women who will not tolerate polygamy and Mormon men who do not seek it . The novel is the basis of a 1931 film of the same name . Frank McGrath , later of Wagon Train , made his acting debut in this film though his role is uncredited .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02581bf34fb7423c31a676885293b16f", "text": "Kamen Rider Black RX is a Japanese tokusatsu superhero television series produced as part of the Kamen Rider Series . The ninth show in the franchise , it is a joint collaboration between Ishimori Productions and Toei Company , and aired on the Mainichi Broadcasting System and the Tokyo Broadcasting System from October 23 , 1988 to September 24 , 1989 . The series is a direct sequel to Kamen Rider Black and the first to feature a team-up with the past Riders since the 1984 TV special Birth of the 10th ! Kamen Riders All Together !! . The series was adapted by Saban in North America as Masked Rider . The Americanization featured a heavily altered story and all new characters , in an attempt to fit the series in as a spin-off of the Power Rangers series . This was also the last installment of the Kamen Rider Series to be produced in the Shōwa period and the first to be produced in the Heisei era -- Episode 11 was delayed by one week following Emperor Hirohito 's death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56c775109e1f38c5b718fffcd9e03cba", "text": "Nowhere Man (comics) Nowhere Man is a comic limited series from Virgin Comics created The series will be an odyssey of futurist science fiction , in an epoch where man has traded privacy for safety . It will be written by Hugh Jackman and Marc Guggenheim , who wrote stories for Wolf and The Amazing Spider-Man and created Eli Stone , with art from Paul Gulacy . The Australian actor Hugh Jackman affirmed in a bulletin that he hopes that Nowhere Man should reach sufficient popularity as to turn into a movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "017f85c6cbc1df97fbad5e881df57a44", "text": "Lucky (Indian TV series) Lucky is an Indian television fantasy-drama series that aired on Star Plus between 2006 and 2009 . The show is about a man named Lucky played by actor Gautam Rode and was produced by Sagar Arts Productions and directed by Nisser Parvej . He runs a fake antique store . One day he finds out he is the fifth Rakshak ( is supposed to protect antiques from being stolen ) . After that incident in every episode he goes on an adventure to save antiques with the help of Inder Mohan Sharma ( Gyan Prakash Sharma ) , Acharya Joshi a 500-year-old friendly ghost , ( Anang Desai ) , and Captain Paswan ( Banwarilal Jhol ) . Aired from 2006 to 2009 The show had hour-long episodes with each episode featuring different adventures of Lucky . It had Gautam Rode , Anang Desai and Navni Parihar playing regular roles . Amit Behl and Mouli Ganguly have also made episodic appearances in the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "720b953bdc5a5b37d2a1e9b0aac033ef", "text": "Trinity Seven is a fantasy romantic comedy manga series by Kenji Saitō with art by Akinari Nao . It has been serialized in Fujimi Shobo 's shōnen manga magazine Monthly Dragon Age since 2010 and collected in fifteen tankōbon volumes as of August 2016 . A light novel adaptation by Kenji Saitō with art by Akinari Nao is being published by Kadokawa Shoten . The first volume was released on November 8 , 2014 . An anime television series adaptation by Seven Arcs Pictures started airing in October 2014 . An anime film adaptation titled Trinity Seven the Movie : The Eternal Library and the Alchemist Girl premiered on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a4994211af3096a392463c6bae114f4", "text": "Ghost Rider Ghost Rider is the name of several fictional supernatural antiheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Marvel had previously used the name for a Western character whose name was later changed to Phantom Rider . The first supernatural Ghost Rider is stunt motorcyclist Johnny Blaze , who , in order to save the life of his father , agreed to give his soul to `` Satan '' ( later revealed to be an arch-demon named Mephisto ) . At night and when around evil , Blaze finds his flesh consumed by hellfire , causing his head to become a flaming skull . He rides a fiery motorcycle and wields blasts of hellfire from his body , usually from his skeletal hands . He eventually learns he has been bonded with the demon Zarathos . Blaze starred in the series from 1972 to 1983 . The subsequent Ghost Rider series ( 1990 -- 1998 ) featured Danny Ketch as a new Ghost Rider . After his sister was injured by ninja gangsters , Ketch came in contact with a motorcycle that had somehow been mystically enchanted to contain the essence of a Spirit of Vengeance . Blaze reappeared in this 1990s series as a supporting character , and it was later revealed that Danny and his sister were Johnny Blaze 's long lost siblings . In 2000s comics , Blaze again became the Ghost Rider , succeeding Ketch . In 2013 , Robbie Reyes became Ghost Rider as part of the Marvel NOW ! initiative . Nicolas Cage starred as the Johnny Blaze iteration of the character in the 2007 film Ghost Rider and the sequel Ghost Rider : Spirit of Vengeance in 2012 . Gabriel Luna plays the Robbie Reyes version in the television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fa2374a21b16f9f70a3bb5ee797d4c6", "text": "7th World Science Fiction Convention The 7th World Science Fiction Convention , also known as Cinvention , was held September 3 -- 5 . 1949 , at the Hotel Metropole in Cincinnati , Ohio , United States . The Guests of Honor were Lloyd A. Eshbach ( pro ) and Ted Carnell ( fan ) . Don Ford carried out the duties of Chairman , but was officially Secretary-Treasurer ; Charles R. Tanner had the honorary title of Chairman . Total attendance was approximately 190 ; noteworthy attendees included Forrest J. Ackerman , Hannes Bok , Lester del Rey . Vince Hamlin . Sam Moskowitz , Rog Phillips , Milton Rothman , `` Doc '' Smith , and George O. Smith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "885f6a9417996a58f63057dfe8d6e163", "text": "Shel Dorf Sheldon `` Shel '' Dorf ( July 5 , 1933 - November 3 , 2009 ) was an American comic book enthusiast and the founder of the San Diego Comic-Con International . Dorf was also a freelance artist and graphic designer , who lettered the Steve Canyon comic strip for the last 12 to 14 years of the strip 's run .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2c52b463009af2fcc95e689184923d9a	Sade is a female artist famous for her music and acting.	[ { "docid": "60778db418b9f7a4352cc44e96004c1d", "text": "Sade (singer) Helen Folasade Adu , OBE ( Fọláṣadé Adú -LSB- fɔ̄láʃādé ādú -RSB- born 16 January 1959 ) , known professionally as Sade Adu or simply Sade ( -LSB- ʃɑːˈdeɪ -RSB- ) , is a Nigerian-born British singer-songwriter , composer , arranger , and record producer . With members Paul S. Denman , Andrew Hale , and Stuart Matthewman , she gained worldwide fame as the lead vocalist of the English band Sade . Following a brief stint as a fashion designer of men 's clothing and part-time model , Adu began backup singing for the band Pride . Growing attention from record labels led her , along with other fellow band members , to separate from Pride and form the band Sade . Following a record deal with Epic Records the band released their debut album Diamond Life ( 1984 ) . The album sold over six million copies , becoming one of the top-selling debut recordings of the 1980s , and the best-selling debut ever by a British female vocalist . Following the release of the band 's debut album , they went on to release a string of multi-platinum selling albums . Their follow-up Promise was released in 1985 and peaked at number-one in the UK Albums Chart , the US Billboard 200 , and went on to sell four million copies in the US . Sade would later go on to make her acting debut in the British film , Absolute Beginners ( 1986 ) , before the release of the band 's albums , Stronger Than Pride ( 1988 ) and Love Deluxe ( 1992 ) . After the release of the fifth album , Lovers Rock ( 2000 ) , the band embarked on a ten-year hiatus in which Sade raised her daughter . Following the hiatus , the band returned with their sixth album , Soldier of Love ( 2010 ) which became a commercial success and won a Grammy Award . Sade 's US certified sales so far stand at 23.5 million units according to Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) website and have sold more than 50 million units worldwide to date . The band was ranked at number 50 on VH1 's list of the `` 100 greatest artists of all time '' . In 2002 , Adu was awarded an OBE for services to music , and stated her award was `` a great gesture to me and all black women in England '' . In 2010 , The Sunday Times described her as the most successful solo British female artist in history . In 2012 , Sade was listed at number 30 on VH1 's `` 100 Greatest Women In Music '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0f0ec3104d21e9d66ef43c036288fa55", "text": "Sadhana Shivdasani Sadhana Shivdasani ( 2 September 1941 -- 25 December 2015 ) , better known mononymously as Sadhana , was an Indian actress who was one of the top actresses in the 1960s and the late1970s , a period regarded as Bollywood 's `` golden era '' . Shivdasani appeared in a Sindhi language film Abaana and entered Hindi film industry through 1960 's romantic film Love in Simla . Her fringe haircut became popular during the 1960s and came to be known as `` Sadhana cut '' . She became famous with her three suspense thriller films : Woh Kaun Thi ? ( 1964 ) , Mera Saaya ( 1966 ) and Anita ( 1967 ) , all directed by Raj Khosla . She was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for films Woh Kaun Thi ? and Waqt in 1965 and 1966 respectively . She took retirement from the film industry in mid 1970s before which she also directed and co-produced few films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98b066e39218bde07c20bf2c6d871fd0", "text": "Neşe Karaböcek Neş ` ecan Göktürk better known as Neşe Karaböcek ( born 1 April 1947 in İstanbul ) is a Turkish singer and considered one of the main artists of Turkish Arabesque music , a fusion of traditional Turkish and world music influences and adaptations of international sounds . She also starred in a great number of Turkish films . She was popular from her first release for the single `` Artık Sevmeyeceğim '' until the mid 1990s with multiple gold and platinum certifications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ee8a908c8ffd97f646e54da93b8d2d6", "text": "Soldier of Love (album) Soldier of Love is the sixth studio album by English band Sade , released on 5 February 2010 by Epic Records . Following the release of Lovers Rock ( 2000 ) , the band went into a 10-year hiatus . In 2008 , the band re-grouped in order to begin work on their sixth album , making it the first time each member had been together . The recording of the album primarily took place at the Real World Studios in Box , England , with additional sessions at El Cortijo in San Pedro de Alcántara , Spain . The album 's recording began in 2009 and was completed in the summer of that year . The first single `` Soldier of Love '' premiered on US radio on 8 December 2009 , and was released digitally on 11 January 2010 . Subsequent singles `` Babyfather '' and `` The Moon and the Sky '' were serviced to US urban AC radio on 13 April and 24 August 2010 , respectively . The album debuted at number four on the UK Albums Chart . It also debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 502,000 copies in the United States , marking Sade 's first number-one debut on the chart while also spending three weeks at the top of the chart . Upon its release , Soldier of Love received generally positive reviews from most music critics and won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals . The band promoted the album with their first concert tour in ten years , Sade Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a15b0ca965016d298c7d264c2422a9ef", "text": "Timotha Lanae Timotha Lanae ( pronounced Tuh-moth-ah Luh-nay ) is an international and multi-octave singer songwriter , playwright and actress . Her debut album Red reached # 1 on the UK Soul Charts . Her follow-up EP Rewind reached # 1 on the Sweet Rhythms Chart and peaked at # 2 on the UK Soul Chart . Elements of soul , R&B , funk , jazz , and hip hop can be found in Lanae 's music . She cites Marvin Gaye , Maxwell , Sade , The Isley Brothers , Gap Band , and Bonnie Raitt as some of her main influences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d95cec440ce98a91532ee5b72b1d6c0", "text": "Lily Allen Lily Rose Beatrice Cooper ( née Allen ; born 2 May 1985 ) , known professionally as Lily Allen , is an English singer , songwriter , actress , and television presenter . She is the daughter of actor Keith Allen and film producer Alison Owen . Allen left school when she was 15 and concentrated on improving her performing and compositional skills . In 2005 , she made some of her recordings public on Myspace and the publicity resulted in airplay on BBC Radio 1 and a contract with Regal Recordings . Her first mainstream single , `` Smile '' , reached number one on the UK Singles Chart in July 2006 . Her debut record , Alright , Still , was well received , selling over 2.6 million copies worldwide and brought Allen a nomination at the Grammy Awards , Brit Awards and MTV Video Music Awards . She began hosting her own talk-show , Lily Allen and Friends , on BBC Three . Her second studio album , It 's Not Me , It 's You , saw a genre shift , having more of an electropop feel , rather than the ska and reggae influences of the first one . The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and the Australian ARIA Charts and was well received by critics , noting the singer 's musical evolution and maturity . It spawned the hit singles `` The Fear '' and `` Fuck You '' . This success saw her receive the Brit Award for British Female Solo Artist at the 2010 Brit Awards . Allen and Amy Winehouse were credited with starting a process that led to the `` year of the women '' media label in 2009 that saw five female artists making music of `` experimentalism and fearlessness '' nominated for the Mercury Prize . In 2009 , Allen announced that she would be taking a hiatus from musical activities . In 2011 , she launched her own record label . In 2013 , Allen revealed that she had begun working on her third studio album , which was later titled Sheezus . On 12 November 2013 , Allen premiered the video for her first original song since 2009 , `` Hard out Here '' , which was released as a single five days later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77e68109c50a1f213acdee5983ba035b", "text": "Pink Lady (band) is a Japanese female pop music duo of the late 1970s and early 1980s , featuring Mitsuyo Nemoto ( `` Mie '' , born March 9 , 1958 ) and Keiko Masuda ( `` Kei '' , born September 2 , 1957 ) . In Japan , they are remembered for a run of pop-chart hits from roughly 1976 to 1979 , but in the United States , they are best known for their short-lived 1980 NBC TV variety show Pink Lady , later released on DVD under the title Pink Lady and Jeff . Pink Lady is one of only two Japanese artists to have reached the Billboard Top 40 , hitting # 37 with the single `` Kiss in the Dark '' ; the other was Kyu Sakamoto with the original Japanese-language version of `` Sukiyaki '' . They are also the first Japanese act to have ever performed in Seoul , South Korea , in November 1980 . In June 1979 Billboard magazine stated the duo had sales of over 72 million US dollars in Japan , and stated in September 1980 that Pink Lady 's singles had grossed over $ 40 million , their album releases over $ 25 million , and their TV appearances , such as commercials and product sponsorship , near $ 35 million -- a combined total exceeding $ 100 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b804a3b3e75b9063867271b2de1e414", "text": "Seohyun Seo Ju-hyun ( born June 28 , 1991 ) , known professionally as Seohyun , is a South Korean singer and actress . She debuted as a member of girl group Girls ' Generation ( and later its subgroup TTS ) in August 2007 , who went on to be one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea 's most popular girl groups worldwide . Apart from her group 's activities , she has established herself as an actress , notably through her participation in the original and Korean versions of stage musicals including Moon Embracing the Sun , Gone with the Wind and Mamma Mia . She also starred in the drama `` Moon Lovers : Scarlet Heart Ryeo '' . She debuted as a solo artist with her debut mini album , Do n't Say No , on January 17 , 2017 , making her the third Girls ' Generation member to debut as a solo artist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e6be2d160f876f0e4dbd3c2c973dd0d", "text": "Nona Gaye Nona Marvisa Gaye ( born September 4 , 1974 ) is an American singer , former fashion model , and actress . The daughter of late soul music legend Marvin Gaye and granddaughter of jazz great Slim Gaillard , she began her career as a vocalist in the early 1990s . As an actress , she is best known for her portrayal of Zee in the 2003 science fiction films , The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d967cde56fee7f0fced8c4cd9540e289", "text": "Shinee discography South Korean boy band Shinee , produced and managed by S.M. Entertainment , has been in the music business since 2008 and have currently released eleven studio albums ( one of which was divided into two parts ) , four live albums , nine video albums , five extended plays ( EPs ) , thirty singles and thirty-five music videos . They have also participated in singing ten soundtracks for various Korean dramas and have been a part of the SM Town 's winter vacation album 2011 Winter SMTown -- The Warmest Gift and the summer vacation album 2009 Summer SMTown -- We Are Shining with other fellow SM artists . Shinee debuted in May 2008 with their first EP Replay which spawned the single `` Noona Neomu Yeppeo ( Replay ) '' and their first studio album The Shinee World . It peaked at number three on the MIAK ( Music Industry Association of Korea ) chart and was later re-released as Amigo ( 2008 ) . The album spawned two more singles : `` Love Like Oxygen '' and `` Amigo '' . Shinee 's second EP , Romeo was released 2009 which contained their fourth single , `` Juliette '' . The release was soon followed by their third EP , 2009 , Year of Us ( 2009 ) with the lead single `` Ring Ding Dong '' . Their second studio album , Lucifer was released in 2010 and peaked at number one on the Gaon Album Chart and produced a Korean top ten singles , `` Lucifer '' . The 2010 reissue of the album titled Hello also charted at number one on the Gaon Album Chart and sold over 80,000 physical units in South Korea . It spawned the Gaon Digital Chart top 10 single `` Hello '' , which sold over one million digital copies . Shinee 's fourth EP , Sherlock was released in 2012 . The lead single `` Sherlock ( Clue + Note ) '' claimed the top spot on the Gaon Digital Chart and charted third on the Korea K-Pop Hot 100 chart and became the groups highest-selling digital single in South Korea , with over 1.7 million digital downloads . In 2013 , Shinee released two-part studio albums Dream Girl -- The Misconceptions of You and Why So Serious ? -- The Misconceptions of Me , which were later re-released as The Misconceptions of Us ( 2013 ) . The same year , the boys released their fifth EP Everybody and another number one single `` Everybody '' . In 2015 Shinee released their fourth studio album Odd with the lead single `` View '' which claimed the top of the charts . The re-release of the album Married to the Music was released the same year with four additional songs . Shinee was one of the biggest-selling K-pop acts in America in 2013 , becoming one of the first Korean musicians to rank of Billboard 's year-end World Albums chart . A Japanese version of `` Replay '' , released as `` Replay ( Kimi wa Boku no Everything ) '' , was Shinee 's first Japanese-language release and peaked at number two on the Oricon Chart . In the first week of sales , it sold over 100,000 copies giving them second place on the Oricon Weekly Chart . It is also the most sales a Korean idol group has had for their debut in their first week of sales . They then released their first Japanese studio album , The First ( 2011 ) . Their first original Japanese song , `` Dazzling Girl '' , which was released as a double A-side single with another Japanese original song `` Run With Me '' , ranked on place two on the Oricon Charts and was certificated with the `` Gold '' status . The group released their second Japanese album Boys Meet U in 2013 . This was followed by their third , fourth and fifth studio albums I 'm Your Boy ( 2014 ) , D × D × D ( 2016 ) and `` Five '' ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6a66636301c57df4c4677483dd9de4e", "text": "The Best of Sade The Best of Sade is the first greatest hits album by English band Sade . It was released in the United Kingdom on 31 October 1994 and in the United States on 4 November 1994 by Epic Records . The retrospective was digitally remastered in 2000 . The Best of Sade chronicles Sade 's first four albums , while also including non-single songs `` Jezebel '' , `` Like a Tattoo '' and `` Pearls '' , as well as `` Please Send Me Someone to Love '' , which appeared in the soundtrack for the film Philadelphia . The singles from Diamond Life , as well as Stronger Than Pride 's `` Paradise '' and `` Nothing Can Come Between Us '' , are presented in their 7 '' edit forms ; `` Never as Good as the First Time '' and `` Cherish the Day '' are remixes produced by Sade , also taken from their respective singles . None of this information is listed within the packaging .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44de9a8e069a14adc14c6e9f13e67a8f", "text": "Benedicte Adrian Benedicte Christine Adrian Mouton ( born 22 October 1963 ) is a Norwegian singer and artist . She has released material on her own , but is best known for her collaboration with Ingrid Bjørnov in the pop duo Dollie de Luxe ( 1980 -- 1994 ) . She has also distinguished herself as a solo artist for several years , with the role as `` Queen of the Night '' in Mozart 's The Magic Flute at the Norwegian Opera . She has since sung with Bergen Oratoriekor and Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra , in addition to having participated in works like Dido and Aeneas , Peer Gynt and Olav Engelbrektsson . In the fall of 2007 , Adrian was to be seen on the TV screen as a judge on the fifth season of TV2 's popular talent show Pop Idol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b385e012070856584bac8122aadb78be", "text": "Hotel Cabana Hotel Cabana is the debut studio album by British record producer Shahid `` Naughty Boy '' Khan , released from 23 August 2013 through Naughty Boy Recordings and Virgin EMI . Khan set up his Naughty Boy Productions record and production company . He would find his break by producing Chipmunk 's 2009 top-ten single `` Diamond Rings '' , featuring a then unknown Emeli Sandé . Naughty Boy released his own debut single as a signed artist in 2010 . `` Never Be Your Woman '' samples White Town 's 1997 number-one single `` Your Woman '' and featured British grime artist Wiley and Sandé on the chorus ; it reached the top ten in the UK and is included as a bonus track on Hotel Cabana . The collaboration marked the start of a partnership between Naughty Boy and Sandé which is seen throughout Hotel Cabana and Sandé 's debut set , Our Version of Events ( 2012 ) . Hotel Cabana is R&B , soul , garage , pop and hip hop music productions record , with influences from orchestral and Bollywood music . Naughty Boy describes it as an `` audio-visual experience '' and a concept album based on a luxury hotel where musicians come to perform . Hotel Cabana reunites Naughty Boy with Sandé on eight collaborations , as well as features from other British artists such George the Poet , Sam Smith , Bastille , Tinie Tempah , Ella Eyre , Gabrielle , Wretch 32 , Mic Righteous , Maiday , Chasing Grace , Ed Sheeran , and American rapper Wiz Khalifa , who appears on the album 's fourth single overall , `` Think About It '' , with Eyre . Ava Stokes , Tanika , Thabo and RØMANS make additional appearances on the US version of the album which was released by Virgin Records on 6 May 2014 . Prior to release , Hotel Cabana was promoted with several video trailers which included the collaborating artists arriving at the fictional hotel . It was also preceded by the release of three singles , including the two top-ten Sandé collaborations : `` Wonder '' and `` Lifted '' , as well as the UK Singles Chart-topper `` La La La '' ( featuring Sam Smith ) . Upon release , the album received generally favourable reviews from music critics , who praised the production , but with some criticism towards the concept , execution and some collaborations . Hotel Cabana made its chart debuts at number two in the UK , number five in Scotland and twenty-five in Ireland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da6966dc61057078098839c23ca7d3a6", "text": "Jun Togawa is a Japanese singer , musician and actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "895d503e29519e393bcae7d49d9a4e29", "text": "Mina (singer) Anna Maria Quaini ( born 25 March 1940 ) , known as Mina Mazzini or simply Mina , is an Italian singer . She was a staple of television variety shows and a dominant figure in Italian pop music from the 1960s to the mid-1970s , known for her three-octave vocal range , the agility of her soprano voice , and her image as an emancipated woman . In performance , Mina combined several modern styles with traditional Italian melodies and swing music , which made her the most versatile pop singer in Italian music . Mina dominated the country 's charts for fifteen years and reached an unsurpassed level of popularity . She has scored 79 albums and 71 singles on the Italian charts . Mina 's TV appearances in 1959 were the first for a female rock and roll singer in Italy . Her loud syncopated singing earned her the nickname Queen of Screamers . The public also labeled her the Tiger of Cremona for her wild gestures and body shakes . When she turned to light pop tunes , Mina 's chart-toppers in West Germany in 1962 and Japan in 1964 earned her the title of the best international artist in these countries . Mina 's more refined sensual manner was introduced in 1960 with Gino Paoli 's ballad `` This World We Love In '' , which charted on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1961 . Mina was banned from TV and radio in 1963 because her pregnancy and relationship with a married actor did not accord with the dominant Catholic and bourgeois morals . After the ban , the public broadcasting service RAI tried to continue to prohibit her songs , which were forthright in dealing with subjects such as religion , smoking and sex . Mina 's cool act combined sex appeal with public smoking , dyed blonde hair , and shaved eyebrows to create a `` bad girl '' image . Mina 's voice has distinctive timbre and great power . Her main themes are anguished love stories performed in high dramatic tones . The singer combined classic Italian pop with elements of blues , R&B and soul music during the late 1960s , especially when she worked in collaboration with the singer-songwriter Lucio Battisti . Top Italian songwriters created material with large vocal ranges and unusual chord progressions to showcase her singing skills , particularly `` Brava '' by Bruno Canfora ( 1965 ) and the pseudo-serial `` Se telefonando '' by Ennio Morricone ( 1966 ) . The latter song was covered by several performers abroad . Shirley Bassey carried Mina 's ballad `` Grande grande grande '' to charts in the U.S. , U.K. , and other English-speaking countries in 1973 . Mina 's easy listening duet `` Parole parole '' was turned into a worldwide hit by Dalida and Alain Delon in 1974 . Mina gave up public appearances in 1978 but has continued to release popular albums on a yearly basis to the present day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5482d2fa3d513c900fd5671fcd48094b", "text": "Paula Fernandes Paula Fernandes de Souza ( -LSB- ˈpawlɐ feʁˈnɐ̃dʒis -RSB- ; born August 28 , 1982 in Sete Lagoas , Minas Gerais ) is a Brazilian singer , songwriter and arranger . In a poll organized among readers of VIP magazine in 2011 , she was named the 16th `` sexiest woman in the world . '' That same year , she was one of the most accessed on Google Brazil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2647a740e52bfd43b9ad4a7e91142919", "text": "Chaka Khan Chaka Khan ( born Yvette Marie Stevens , March 23 , 1953 ) is an American recording artist whose career has spanned five decades , beginning in the 1970s as the frontwoman and focal point of the funk band Rufus . Widely known as the Queen of Funk , Khan has won ten Grammys and has sold an estimated 70 million records worldwide . Khan was ranked at number 17 in VH1 's original list of the 100 Greatest Women of Rock & Roll . In 2015 , she was nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for the second time ; she was previously nominated as member of Rufus in 2011 . Khan was the first R&B artist to have a crossover hit featuring a rapper , with `` I Feel for You '' in 1984 . In the course of her solo career , Khan has achieved three gold singles , three gold albums and one platinum album with I Feel for You . With Rufus , she achieved four gold singles , four gold albums , and two platinum albums . In December 2016 , Billboard magazine ranked her as the 65th most successful dance artist of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc172f1ef685c2db421e5343624548f8", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance ( previously called Best Rhythm and Blues Solo Vocal Performance , Female ) was an honor presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , to female recording artists for quality R&B songs . Awards in several categories are distributed annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position . '' According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award was presented to artists that performed `` newly recorded solo R&B vocal performances '' . Solo numbers by members of an established group were not eligible for the award as `` separate entries from the duo or group performances . '' Albums were also considered for the accolade until 1992 . As a part of the major overhaul of Grammy categories , the award was discontinued in 2011 . The Female R&B Vocal Performance category , Male R&B Vocal Performance category and all duo/group vocal performances in the R&B category shifted to the Best R&B Performance category in 2012 . The award for the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance was first presented to Aretha Franklin at the 10th Grammy Awards ceremony in 1968 for the song `` Respect '' . Franklin received the most wins with eleven , followed by Anita Baker with five . Franklin also holds the record for the most nominations with twenty-three , while Chaka Khan is second with eight nominations . Fantasia Barrino became the final recipient of the award , when her song `` Bittersweet '' won the award in 2011 . The award was presented to artists from the United States each year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8e90b18a5e0a1fff4f454993281e2c5", "text": "Nazia Hassan Nazia Hassan ( 3 April 1965 -- 13 August 2000 ) was a Pakistani pop singer-songwriter , lawyer and social activist . A graduate of the Richmond , The American International University and University of London , she started her music career at the age of 10 , and became one of the most prominent singers in Pakistan and India . She has been termed as the `` Queen of Pop '' in South Asia . She , along with her brother Zoheb Hassan , went on to sell over 60 million records worldwide . Her English language single Dreamer Deewane made her the first Pakistani singer to make it to the British charts . Hassan made her singing debut with the song `` Aap Jaisa Koi '' , from the Indian film Qurbani ( 1980 ) . Her debut album , Disco Deewane ( 1981 ) , charted in fourteen countries worldwide and became the best-selling Asian pop record up until that time . This was followed by Boom Boom , Young Tarang ( 1984 ) , and Hotline which was her last solo album ( 1987 ) . Her last album , Camera Camera ( 1992 ) was part of a campaign against drugs . Along with her brother , she also appeared in several television programs . In 1988 she appeared in Sung Sung with music maestro Sohail Rana . They also hosted the first-ever pop-music stage show , Music ' 89 , produced by Shoaib Mansoor . Through her successful singing career spanning over 25 years , Hassan became one of the subcontinent 's most popular celebrities . She received numerous national and international awards , and at the age of 15 became the first Pakistani to win the Filmfare Award and remains the youngest recipient of the award till date . Hassan was also a recipient of Pakistan 's highest civilian award , Pride of Performance . In addition to singing in films , Hassan also engaged in philanthropic activities , and was appointed by UNICEF as its cultural ambassador in 1991 . Hassan died of lung cancer in London on 13 August 2000 at the age of 35 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb15bcc714c715eae349eaf85f89ea1a", "text": "Whitney Houston discography The discography of American singer Whitney Houston ( 1963 -- 2012 ) consists of seven studio albums , six compilations , two soundtrack albums , five box sets , six extended plays , and fifty-seven singles . In 1985 , Houston released her self-titled debut album . It spent fourteen weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 and was certified thirteen times platinum ( Diamond ) by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , with global sales of 25 million copies . The album produced four US top 5 singles , including three Billboard Hot 100 number-ones . In 1987 , Houston released her second album Whitney . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was supported by four US number-one singles : `` I Wan na Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' , `` Did n't We Almost Have It All '' , `` So Emotional '' , and `` Where Do Broken Hearts Go '' , which established an unprecedented seven consecutive number one hits by a performer . Whitney was certified 9 × Platinum by the RIAA and topped the charts in numerous countries , having sold in excess of 20 million copies worldwide . Houston 's third studio album , I 'm Your Baby Tonight ( 1990 ) , peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 chart and yielded two number-one singles ; `` I 'm Your Baby Tonight '' and `` All the Man That I Need '' , selling 10 million units worldwide . In February 1991 , Houston released `` The Star Spangled Banner '' performance from Super Bowl XXV as a single , becoming the highest-charting rendition of the national anthem on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The Bodyguard soundtrack from her film debut , was released in November 1992 . The album contains tracks by other recording artists but is considered a Houston album by Billboard . It topped the Billboard 200 for twenty non-consecutive weeks , one of the longest tenures by an album in the Nielsen SoundScan era . The album was certified 17 × Platinum the United States and sold over 45 million copies worldwide , becoming the best-selling soundtrack album and one of the top 5 best-selling albums of all time . The lead single from the soundtrack , `` I Will Always Love You '' , topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for a then-record-breaking fourteen weeks and was certified 6 × Platinum by the RIAA , peaked at number one on the charts in nearly every country and sold 12 million copies worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time . Houston contributed three songs , including her eleventh number-one single `` Exhale ( Shoop Shoop ) '' on the 7x platinum soundtrack album , Waiting to Exhale ( November 1995 ) . The following year she released The Preacher 's Wife in November 1996 . The soundtrack was certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA and became the biggest selling gospel album of all time . In 1998 , she released her first studio album in eight years , My Love Is Your Love . The album failed to match the commercial status of her previous albums , peaking at number thirteen , her lowest chart position on the Billboard 200 among her studio albums . Despite initial weak sales , the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status with 11 million units sold worldwide , being certified 4 × Platinum in the United States . From late 1998 to early 2000 , the album generated five singles ; `` When You Believe '' ( duet with Mariah Carey ) , `` Heartbreak Hotel '' , `` It 's Not Right but It 's Okay '' , `` My Love Is Your Love '' , and `` I Learned from the Best '' . Houston entered the 2000s with her first greatest hits compilation , Whitney : The Greatest Hits , released in May 2000 . The double-disc was certified 3 × Platinum by the RIAA in 2002 and earned 5 × Platinum award posthumously , recognizing 2.6 million in sales throughout the United States . The album hit the top position on the UK Albums Chart and sold over 1.66 million copies in the UK alone . Also , it reached the top ten in many worldwide markets , selling 10 million copies globally . Just Whitney , released in December 2002 , became her first album after renewing her contract with Arista for a record $ 100 million in 2001 . The album failed to earn multi-platinum status , receiving only Platinum award in the US , and became her lowest-selling studio album to date . She released a holiday album , One Wish : The Holiday Album in November 2003 . In September 2009 , Houston returned to the top position of the Billboard 200 with I Look to You , becoming her fourth number-one album on the chart ; which was her first non-soundtrack number-one in 22 years , since 1987 's Whitney . It also topped the album charts of several European countries and was certified Platinum by the RIAA . Her albums Whitney Houston , Whitney , The Bodyguard and Whitney : The Greatest Hits are among the top 100 certified albums according to the RIAA . According to the RIAA , Houston is the top-selling R&B female artist of the 20th century , and the fourth best-selling female artist in the United States , with shipments of 57 million albums . In addition , until the launch of the RIAA 's digital certification program in 2004 , she had sold 16.5 million physical singles more than any other female solo artist in history . According to the Official UK Charts Company in October 2012 , Houston is at number four in the top 10 biggest selling female singles artists of all-time list with a sales total of 8.5 million singles . Whitney Houston is one of pop music 's best-selling music artists of all-time , with an estimated 170 -- 200 million records sold worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd9d3b2e7d7cabc2b8e8c0d6d8d2012", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Missy Elliott Missy Elliott is an American rapper , singer-songwriter , author , record producer and actress . Missy 's debut album Supa Dupa Fly was released on July 15 , 1997 in the United States under her own label The Goldmind Inc. signed under Elektra Records . Her second album Da Real World was then released on June 22 , 1999 , followed by her third album Miss E. . . So Addictive , released on May 15 , 2001 . Under Construction was the fourth album released by Elliott , which was released on November 12 , 2002 , followed by her fifth album This Is Not a Test ! that saw a release in November 25 , 2003 , and The Cookbook , Elliott 's latest album to date , which was released on July 4 , 2005 . Throughout Missy Elliott 's career , she has received several awards and nominations . Elliott would also be noted to become the first female rapper in history to take home the award for `` Best International Video '' from VIVA Comet Media Awards for her solo debut single , `` The Rain ( Supa Dupa Fly ) '' . Elliott 's debut Supa Dupa Fly ( 1997 ) would go on to score two Grammy nominations for Best Rap Solo Performance & Best Rap Album , alongside three MTV Music Video Awards nominations for `` Best Direction in a Video , '' `` Best Breakthrough Video '' & `` Best Rap Video '' . Missy Elliott 's second album Da Real World ( 1999 ) attained a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album . She also received an award for `` Best R&B / Soul or Rap Music Video '' by the Soul Train Awards . The album went on to go platinum making it Elliott 's second platinum album . The follow-up , Miss E. . . So Addictive ( 2001 ) , was a commercial success ; selling over 9.2 million copies worldwide making it her third consecutive platinum album . This album would attain twelve MTV Video Music Awards nominations throughout 2001 and 2002 . Additionally , the effort gained Elliott several nominations from various award shows some including , the Grammy Awards , MTV Video Music Awards , and the BET Awards . On March 27 , 2001 , Lil ' Kim , Christina Aguilera , Pink , and Mýa recorded a cover version of the LaBelle song , `` Lady Marmalade '' as a medley for the feature film Moulin Rouge that Missy Elliott wrote and produced , which topped # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks . `` Lady Marmalade '' scored Elliott 's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . Missy Elliott 's fourth album Under Construction ( 2002 ) was certified double platinum , making it her fourth platinum album . The effort gained Elliott eight MTV Video Music Awards in 2003 , taking two awards for `` Video of the Year & `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . The album also gained Elliott five Grammy nominations in 2004 for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , Best Rap Album , Album of The Year , Best Rap Song & Best Female Rap Solo Performance taking an award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance . Elliott 's follow-up This Is Not a Test ! ( 2003 ) would also attain a platinum certification , as well as two MTV Video Music Awards and one MTV Music Video Japan Awards nominations . The Cookbook ( 2005 ) is Missy Elliott 's latest album to date . The effort attained three Grammy nominations in 2006 for Best Short Form Music Video , Best Rap Song & Best Rap Album . Elliott received the award for Best Short Form Music Video for her single `` Lose Control '' . The Cookbook also gained Elliott seven MTV Video Music Awards nominations , taking two awards for `` Best Dance Video '' and `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . In 2014 , Missy Elliott became nominated for a Grammy for Best R&B Song for the featured single , `` Without Me '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2b16e1b1cacd5c1ac814cd4c4b1c79c2	Dangerous Beauty was directed by someone.	[ { "docid": "678993b3c283675879a08835a1e7a545", "text": "Marshall Herskovitz Marshall Schreiber Herskovitz ( born February 23 , 1952 ) is an American film director , writer and producer , and currently the President Emeritus of the Producers Guild of America . Among his productions are Traffic , The Last Samurai , Blood Diamond , and I Am Sam . Herskovitz has directed two feature films , Jack the Bear and Dangerous Beauty . Herskovitz was a creator and executive producer of the television shows thirtysomething , My So-Called Life , and Once and Again , and also wrote and directed several episodes of all three series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ecb737c694d8ca691a150e6cbf118a7", "text": "Dangerous Beauty Dangerous Beauty is a 1998 American biographical drama film directed by Marshall Herskovitz and starring Catherine McCormack , Rufus Sewell , and Oliver Platt . Based on the non-fiction book The Honest Courtesan by Margaret Rosenthal , the film is about Veronica Franco , a courtesan in sixteenth-century Venice who becomes a hero to her city , but later becomes the target of an inquisition by the Church for witchcraft . The film features a supporting cast that includes Fred Ward , Naomi Watts , Moira Kelly and Jacqueline Bisset . The film was released as A Destiny of Her Own in some regions , and was retitled The Honest Courtesan ' for its UK video release .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2748f5b1c1e670d57e11a8f4f4b13963", "text": "Michael Schultz Michael Schultz ( born November 10 , 1938 ) is an American director and producer of film and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "105334c91d00ffa067ecfff2c2897d00", "text": "A Dangerous Man: Lawrence After Arabia A Dangerous Man : Lawrence After Arabia is a British television film of 1992 depicting the experiences of T. E. Lawrence and Emir Feisal of the Hejaz at the Paris Peace Conference after the end of the First World War . One of the conference 's many concerns was determining the fates of territories formerly under the rule of the defeated Ottoman Empire . The film stars Ralph Fiennes ( in his first film role ) as T. E. Lawrence , Alexander Siddig ( then credited as Siddig El-Fadil ) as Faisal , Denis Quilley as Lord Curzon , and Nicholas Jones as Lord Dyson . It was made by Anglia Films and Enigma Television , and was first screened on 18 April 1992 on the ITV network . The film was produced in 1990 , a year after David Lean 's film epic , Lawrence of Arabia ( 1962 ) , was re-released to cinemas . It serves as an unofficial sequel to that earlier film , as it depicts events that happened after the Great War . The film 's screenplay was written by Tim Rose Price . Christopher Menaul directed the film . The film goes further than its predecessor in reflecting the work of contemporary historians . It demonstrates contemporary concerns about British and international politics and ethnic conflict . It also explores further Lawrence 's enigmatic personality and suggests more openly his alleged homosexuality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bc86bb833294764f8005b01027da864", "text": "Beauty and the Paparazzo Beauty and the Paparazzo ( Portuguese : A Bela e o Paparazzo ) is a 2010 Portuguese movie directed by António-Pedro Vasconcelos starring Soraia Chaves and Marco d'Almeida . It was the highest-grossing Portuguese film in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ba2e1b0c0300f70c13081ed492ace87", "text": "This Woman Is Dangerous This Woman Is Dangerous is a 1952 American film noir crime-drama by Warner Bros. starring Joan Crawford , David Brian , and Dennis Morgan in a story about a gun moll 's romances with two different men . The screenplay by Geoffrey Homes and George Worthing Yates was based on a story by Bernard Girard . The film was directed by Felix E. Feist and produced by Robert Sisk . Soon after the film was released , Crawford left Warner Bros. studio . In 1973 , during the `` Legendary Ladies '' show at Town Hall , when asked , `` Which one of your films do you regret making ? '' Joan Crawford told the audience that she considered This Woman Is Dangerous her worst film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6a774a4117bd87d0f28b411cec1070a", "text": "Jon Avnet Jonathan Michael Avnet ( born November 17 , 1949 ) , better known as Jon Avnet , is an American director , writer and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5727cbc391a3c1f2dd6a82b21df41a7d", "text": "Doris Wishman Doris Wishman ( June 1 , 1912 -- August 10 , 2002 ) was an American film director , screenwriter and producer . She is credited with having directed and produced at least thirty feature films during a career spanning over four decades , most notably in the sexploitation film genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad52e1a831b954dae2b9b97d7f8fc469", "text": "American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption . Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity . Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script . Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccd1f6917e7da5a86046ef187c814d4f", "text": "A Dangerous Method A Dangerous Method is a 2011 German-Canadian-American-British historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley , Viggo Mortensen , Michael Fassbender , and Vincent Cassel . The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure , which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr , A Most Dangerous Method : The story of Jung , Freud , and Sabina Spielrein . The film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen ( after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises ) . This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas , after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash . A Dangerous Method was a German/Canadian co-production . The film premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . Set on the eve of World War I , A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung , founder of analytical psychology ; Sigmund Freud , founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis ; and Sabina Spielrein , initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts . Among the film 's many honors , Mortensen was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6087b5e5ecec2496a1cc752d9be2f6a", "text": "Maripol Maripol is an artist , film producer , fashion designer and stylist who has had an influence on the looks of many influential artists , including Grace Jones , Deborah Harry and Madonna . She is also a Polaroid artist photographer . Maripol was brought up in France before moving to New York City in 1976 . In the early 1980s , Maripol was the art director for hip Italian boutique Fiorucci . By the mid-80s , Maripol had achieved some success with her own shop , Maripolitan , in the NoHo area of New York . Maripol is best known for designing for and styling pop singer Madonna during the Madonna and Like a Virgin albums in the mid-1980s . Maripol 's trademark black rubber bracelets , jewellery and crucifixes became as iconic as Madonna herself in these early years . She also made a line of official Madonna jewellery and accessories for the Like a Virgin tour . At the same time she directed documentary films , such as `` Crack is whack '' on 1980s artist Keith Haring . She has also worked as a film producer , most notably on the post-production of Downtown 81 , a film starring artist Jean-Michel Basquiat and featuring Blondie lead singer Deborah Harry , and with musical interludes by many New York No Wave bands . The movie , directed by then partner Edo Bertoglio and written and produced by Glenn O'Brien , was filmed in 1980-81 as New York Beat . However , it was not until the late 1990s that the film was edited and released ( as Downtown 81 ) . O'Brien and Executive Producer Michael Zilkha enlisted Maripol to work on post-production to complete the film before its 2000 release , and debut at the Director 's Fortnight at Cannes . She has been the art director on music videos for Cher , D'Angelo , Elton John , and Luther Vandross . In February 2010 , Maripol had a collection of jewelry and tee shirts in the Marc by Marc Jacobs stores , inspired by the jewelry she created in the 80s . Early 2014 , Maripol released `` MARIPOLA X '' , a book about her erotic Polaroid pictures , including many from the 80s ( Grace Jones , Madonna , Naomi Campbell , etc. ) . The same year , she published `` Love Each other '' , her first record as singer with the French composer and producer which followed her collaboration with the French fashion label Each x Other .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ad808d22eadaec9b22f400596e8d51d", "text": "Beauty (2011 film) Beauty ( Skoonheid ) is a 2011 South African film directed by Oliver Hermanus . It premiered in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival . The film was selected as the South African entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bad19c3dce3757b5ea9404712dc5e510", "text": "Brent Ryan Green Brent Ryan Green ( born March 19 , 1984 ) is an American film director and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7f9afdc6d0fd27ef24a255951e1766a", "text": "Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies . Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal . The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film : If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "564dd2dbbf2b5c8bdf10b5ebcf47cd16", "text": "Allen Wolf Allen Wolf ( born October 29 , 1970 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , film producer , novelist , and board game creator .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4b022b9eaa67d7cd6194faef9ea4a5d", "text": "Panna a netvor Beauty and the Beast is a Czech horror film directed by Slovak film director Juraj Herz in 1978 . The film is a re-telling of the classic tale Beauty and the Beast . The picture is notable for its pervasive atmosphere of dread and the innovative decision to depict the beast as a bird-like creature . For his direction , Herz received the Medalla Sitges en Oro de Ley at the Sitges Film Festival in 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a697b13b9b6b56f5f4f53bb03d52472", "text": "Dangerous Exile Dangerous Exile is a 1957 British historical drama film directed by Brian Desmond Hurst and starring Louis Jourdan , Belinda Lee , Anne Heywood and Richard O'Sullivan . It concerns the fate of Louis XVII , who died in 1795 as a boy , yet was popularly believed to have escaped from his French revolutionary captors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfbabcd7db4d0465b233df7e05b5a928", "text": "Careful (film) Careful ( 1992 ) is the third feature film directed by Guy Maddin . It is Maddin 's first colour film , shot on 16mm for a budget of $ 1.1 million . At one point , Martin Scorsese had agreed to act in the film , as Count Knotkers , but bowed out to complete Cape Fear . Maddin pursued casting hockey star Bobby Hull , but ended up casting Paul Cox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67ecf32c7f36bd6bf4b6dbb6e3e56ba0", "text": "An Oversimplification of Her Beauty An Oversimplification of Her Beauty is a 2012 American semi-animated comedy-drama-romance film , directed by Terence Nance , following a quixotic artist who , when stood up by an attractive woman , makes a film about it and shows it to her . It premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and has received generally positive reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3361aacc95d36099f18a5c69a928ab1", "text": "Matthew Diamond Matthew Diamond ( born November 26 , 1951 ) is an American film and television director , producer and choreographer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a3d5127f4decdd92b49465247834ec54	October was the month in which Edgar Allan Poe died.	[ { "docid": "90696c174adf9e359e6d762553becbbb", "text": "Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe ( -LSB- poʊ -RSB- born Edgar Poe ; January 19 , 1809 -- October 7 , 1849 ) was an American writer , editor , and literary critic . Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories , particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre . He is widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in the United States and American literature as a whole , and he was one of the country 's earliest practitioners of the short story . Poe is generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre and is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction . He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone , resulting in a financially difficult life and career . Poe was born in Boston , the second child of two actors . His father abandoned the family in 1810 , and his mother died the following year . Thus orphaned , the child was taken in by John and Frances Allan of Richmond , Virginia . They never formally adopted him , but Poe was with them well into young adulthood . Tension developed later as John Allan and Edgar repeatedly clashed over debts , including those incurred by gambling , and the cost of secondary education for the young man . Poe attended the University of Virginia for one semester but left due to lack of money . Poe quarreled with Allan over the funds for his education and enlisted in the Army in 1827 under an assumed name . It was at this time that his publishing career began , albeit humbly , with the anonymous collection of poems Tamerlane and Other Poems ( 1827 ) , credited only to `` a Bostonian '' . With the death of Frances Allan in 1829 , Poe and Allan reached a temporary rapprochement . However , Poe later failed as an officer cadet at West Point , declaring a firm wish to be a poet and writer , and he ultimately parted ways with John Allan . Poe switched his focus to prose and spent the next several years working for literary journals and periodicals , becoming known for his own style of literary criticism . His work forced him to move among several cities , including Baltimore , Philadelphia , and New York City . In Richmond in 1836 , he married Virginia Clemm , his 13-year-old cousin . In January 1845 , Poe published his poem `` The Raven '' to instant success . His wife died of tuberculosis two years after its publication . For years , he had been planning to produce his own journal The Penn ( later renamed The Stylus ) , though he died before it could be produced . Poe died in Baltimore on October 7 , 1849 , at age 40 ; the cause of his death is unknown and has been variously attributed to alcohol , brain congestion , cholera , drugs , heart disease , rabies , suicide , tuberculosis , and other agents . Poe and his works influenced literature in the United States and around the world , as well as in specialized fields such as cosmology and cryptography . Poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature , music , films , and television . A number of his homes are dedicated museums today . The Mystery Writers of America present an annual award known as the Edgar Award for distinguished work in the mystery genre .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4beb7ce388a4acb72c0436a5e1511247", "text": "Ode to a Nightingale `` Ode to a Nightingale '' is a poem by John Keats written either in the garden of the Spaniards Inn , Hampstead , London or , according to Keats ' friend Charles Armitage Brown , under a plum tree in the garden of Keats ' house at Wentworth Place , also in Hampstead . According to Brown , a nightingale had built its nest near the house Keats and Brown shared in the spring of 1819 . Inspired by the bird 's song , Keats composed the poem in one day . It soon became one of his 1819 odes and was first published in Annals of the Fine Arts the following July . The poem is one of the most frequently anthologized in the English language . `` Ode to a Nightingale '' is a personal poem that describes Keats 's journey into the state of negative capability . The tone of the poem rejects the optimistic pursuit of pleasure found within Keats 's earlier poems and , rather , explores the themes of nature , transience and mortality , the latter being particularly personal to Keats . The nightingale described within the poem experiences a type of death but does not actually die . Instead , the songbird is capable of living through its song , which is a fate that humans can not expect . The poem ends with an acceptance that pleasure can not last and that death is an inevitable part of life . In the poem , Keats imagines the loss of the physical world and sees himself dead -- as a `` sod '' over which the nightingale sings . The contrast between the immortal nightingale and mortal man sitting in his garden , is made all the more acute by an effort of the imagination . The presence of weather is noticeable in the poem , as spring came early in 1819 , bringing nightingales all over the heath .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2161d0a684c85c3a46f736340048f611", "text": "Edward Page Mitchell Edward Page Mitchell ( 1852 -- 1927 ) was an American editorial and short story writer for The Sun , a daily newspaper in New York City . He became that newspaper 's editor in 1897 , succeeding Charles Anderson Dana . Mitchell was recognized as a major figure in the early development of the science fiction genre . Mitchell wrote fiction about a man rendered invisible by scientific means ( `` The Crystal Man '' , published in 1881 ) before H.G. Wells 's The Invisible Man , wrote about a time-travel machine ( `` The Clock that Went Backward '' ) before Wells 's The Time Machine , wrote about faster-than-light travel ( `` The Tachypomp '' ; now perhaps his best-known work ) in 1874 , a thinking computer and a cyborg in 1879 ( `` The Ablest Man in the World '' ) , and also wrote the earliest known stories about matter transmission or teleportation ( `` The Man without a Body '' , 1877 ) and a superior mutant ( `` Old Squids and Little Speller '' ) . `` Exchanging Their Souls '' ( 1877 ) is one of the earliest fictional accounts of mind transfer . Mitchell retired in 1926 , a year before dying of a cerebral hemorrhage . The gradual rediscovery of Mitchell and his work is a direct result of the publication in 1973 of a book-length anthology of his stories , compiled by Sam Moskowitz with a detailed introduction by Moskowitz giving much information about Mitchell 's personal life . Because Mitchell 's stories were not by-lined on original publication , nor indexed , Moskowitz expended major effort to track down and collect these works by an author whom Moskowitz cited as `` the lost giant of American science fiction '' . Mitchell 's stories show the strong influence of Edgar Allan Poe . Among other traits , Mitchell shares Poe 's habit of giving a basically serious and dignified fictional character a humorous name , such as `` Professor Dummkopf '' in Mitchell 's `` The Man Without a Body '' . Since Mitchell 's fictions were originally published in newspapers , typeset in the same format as news articles and not identified as fiction , he may possibly have used this device to signal to his readers that this text should not be taken seriously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b18f6e3776576b79dd3460f59a8b3567", "text": "Stephen James Joyce Stephen James Joyce ( born 15 February 1932 ) is the grandson of James Joyce and the controversial executor of Joyce 's estate . He was born in France , the son of James Joyce 's son , Giorgio , and Helen Joyce , née Kastor . Stephen attended Harvard University , graduating in 1958 . At Harvard , he once roomed with Paul Matisse , grandson of French impressionist painter Henri Matisse , and with Sadruddin Aga Khan . Thereafter , he worked for the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development on African development . He retired from the OECD in 1991 to focus on managing his grandfather 's estate . He and his wife , Solange Raythchine Joyce , live in the Île de Ré in France . They have no children ; Stephen is James Joyce 's sole living descendant . Stephen Joyce and Seán Sweeney are the joint trustees of the Estate of James Joyce . He has taken an active role in all legal matters relating to Joyce 's works . He has brought numerous lawsuits or threats of legal action against scholars , biographers , and artists attempting to quote from Joyce 's literary work or personal correspondence . In 2004 , Joyce threatened legal action against the Irish government when the Rejoyce Dublin 2004 festival proposed public reading of excerpts of Ulysses on Bloomsday . In 1988 Stephen Joyce destroyed a collection of letters written by Lucia Joyce , his aunt . In 1989 he forced Brenda Maddox to delete a postscript concerning Lucia from her biography Nora : The Real Life of Molly Bloom . After 1995 Stephen announced no permissions would be granted to quote from his grandfather 's work . Libraries holding letters by Joyce were unable to show them without permission . Versions of his work online were disallowed . Stephen claimed to be protecting his grandfather 's and his family 's reputation , but would sometimes grant permission to use material in exchange for fees that were often `` extortionate '' . On 13 January 2011 , on the 70th anniversary of Joyce 's death , all of his works entered the public domain in much of the world . In the US however , some of Joyce 's work remains protected by copyright . Prior to this , in 2007 , Joyce 's hold on the estate had already been delimited by a fair use suit brought by Carol Loeb Schloss and the Stanford Law School Center for Internet and Society 's Fair Use Project . When the Central Bank of Ireland issued a ten euro James Joyce commemorative coin on 10 April 2013 , Stephen Joyce described the coin and the circumstances of its issue as `` one of the greatest insults to the Joyce family that has ever been perpetrated in Ireland '' . He complained of a lack of consultation over the coin ; he objected to an error in a Joycean quotation inscribed on the coin ; he was upset by the design of the portrait of the writer on the coin , calling it `` the most unlikely likeness of Joyce ever produced '' ; and he described as highly insensitive and offensive the decision to issue the coin on the anniversary of the death of his grandmother , Nora Joyce , who died in 1951 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aab07d8a154f8d24937acd30c6faadf3", "text": "Jereboam O. Beauchamp Jereboam Orville Beauchamp ( -LSB- dʒɛrəˈboʊ.əm _ ˈɔrvɪl_ˈbiːtʃəm -RSB- September 6 , 1802 -- July 7 , 1826 ) was an American lawyer who murdered the Kentucky legislator Solomon P. Sharp ; the crime is known as the Beauchamp -- Sharp Tragedy . In 1821 , Sharp had been accused in Bowling Green , Kentucky by Anna Cooke of fathering her illegitimate child ; it was stillborn . Sharp denied paternity , and public opinion favored him . In 1824 , Beauchamp married Cooke , who was sixteen years older than he . She asked him to kill Sharp to defend her honor . When Sharp campaigned in 1825 for a seat in the Kentucky House of Representatives , opponents revived the story of his alleged illegitimate child by Cooke . They distributed campaign literature claiming the child was mulatto . Enraged , Beauchamp renewed his intention to avenge his wife 's honor . In the early morning of November 7 , 1825 , he tricked Sharp to open the door at his home in Frankfort , and fatally stabbed him . Beauchamp was convicted of the murder and sentenced to hang . The morning of the execution , he and his wife attempted a double suicide by stabbing themselves with a knife she had smuggled into prison . She was successful ; he was not . Beauchamp was rushed to the gallows before he could bleed to death , and was hanged on July 7 , 1826 . The bodies of Jereboam and Anna Beauchamp were arranged in an embrace and buried in a single coffin , as they had requested . The Beauchamp -- Sharp Tragedy inspired fictional works such as Edgar Allan Poe 's unfinished play , Politian , and Robert Penn Warren 's World Enough and Time ( 1950 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "708043591e07d724c392fb7919f75d0c", "text": "Monthly Anthology The Monthly Anthology and Boston Review was a miscellaneous magazine published by the Anthology Club of Boston , Massachusetts from 1804-1811 . The more famous North American Review is generally considered to be its successor . Oliver Wendell Holmes describes the magazine thus , in his disquisition on Ralph Waldo Emerson : `` The Anthology was the literary precursor of the North American Review , and the theological herald of the Christian Examiner . Like all first beginnings it showed many marks of immaturity . It mingled extracts and original contributions , theology and medicine , with all manner of literary chips and shavings . It had Magazine ways that smacked of Sylvanus Urban ; leading articles with balanced paragraphs which recalled the marching tramp of Johnson ; translations that might have been signed with the name of Creech , and Odes to Sensibility , and the like , which recalled the syrupy sweetness and languid trickle of Laura Matilda 's sentimentalities . It talked about ` the London Reviewers ' with a kind of provincial deference . It printed articles with quite too much of the license of Swift and Prior for the Magazines of to-day . But it had opinions of its own , and would compare well enough with The Gentleman 's Magazine ... '' ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f0ff2bf3d911fc82831f608220343cb", "text": "Poet Laureate of New Jersey The Poet Laureate of New Jersey ( statutorily known as New Jersey William Carlos Williams Citation of Merit ) was an honor presented biennially by the Governor of New Jersey to a distinguished New Jersey poet . Created in 1999 , this position existed for less than four years and was abolished by the legislature effective July 2 , 2003 . When the New Jersey State Legislature created the laureate position , the bill provided specifically for the creation of an award named in honor of twentieth-century poet and physician William Carlos Williams ( 1883 -- 1963 ) who resided in Rutherford , New Jersey . However , the legislature recognized that the award 's recipient would `` be considered the poet laureate of the State of New Jersey for a period of two years . Before the position was abolished , only two poets , Gerald Stern and Amiri Baraka , had been appointed as the state 's poet laureate . The legislature 's bill was signed into law by Governor Christine Todd Whitman . It was expected that the award 's recipient -- the poet laureate -- would `` engage in activities to promote and encourage poetry within the State and shall give no fewer than two public readings within the State each year . '' In this respect , New Jersey 's poet laureate was similar to the position of Poet laureate in other American states and in several other countries . However , a public reading in September 2002 by the state 's second laureate , Newark-based poet Amiri Baraka of his poem `` Somebody Blew Up America '' was met with harsh criticism by the public and news media . The poem which explores terrorist attacks on September 11 , 2001 was considered to be violent , incendiary and anti-Semitic , and the ensuing controversy ignited a political firestorm . Because of Baraka 's defiant refusals to apologize or resign as poet laureate and that there was no mechanism within the law to remove him , the position was abolished by the legislature and Governor James E. McGreevey in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68b4eca9c471f2ae62f5fdfd5f599a78", "text": "October 24", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8e57f44a571e42172e4cc4d65d1c08e", "text": "Strange fits of passion have I known `` Strange fits of passion have I known '' is a seven-stanza poem ballad by the English Romantic poet William Wordsworth . Composed during a sojourn in Germany in 1798 , the poem was first published in the second edition of Lyrical Ballads ( 1800 ) . The poem describes the poet 's trip to his beloved Lucy 's cottage , and his thoughts on the way . Each of its seven stanzas is four lines long and has a rhyming scheme of a-b-a-b . The poem is written in iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter . In the poem , the speaker narrates a nighttime ride to the cottage of his beloved Lucy , who always looks as `` fresh as a rose in June '' . The speaker begins by saying that he has experienced `` strange fits of passion '' and will recount them only to another lover ( `` in the Lover 's ear alone , / What once to me befell . '' ) . In the five following stanzas , he recounts how he wended his way on horseback `` beneath an evening-moon '' . He crossed a lea , passed through an orchard , and began to climb a hill , atop which was Lucy 's cottage . As he `` came near , and nearer still '' to `` Lucy 's cot '' , the sinking moon appeared to follow suit . As he closely approaches the cottage , the moon vanishes from sight behind the roof . A morbid thought rises unbidden to the speaker 's mind : `` O mercy ! '' he thinks . `` If Lucy should be dead ! '' `` Strange fits of passion have I known '' is simple in form but complex in content . The dramatic first stanza ( the speaker `` will dare to tell '' of his `` strange fits of passion , '' but `` in the Lover 's ear alone '' ) quickly captivates the reader . Wordsworth then creates tension by juxtaposing the sinking moon and the approaching rider , the familiar landscape with the speaker 's strange , dreamy feelings . It is uncertain whether the Lucy of the poem was based on a historical person or was a creation of Wordsworth 's fertile imagination . If she is real , her surname and identity are unknown , though they have been the subject of much `` diligent speculation '' in literary circles . `` The one certainty is that she is not the girl of Wordsworth 's Lucy Gray . '' An earlier version of this poem ended with an extra verse : I told her this : her laughter light Is ringing in my ears : And when I think upon that night My eyes are dim with tears .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d075743c00a878facc8d71ec15cd0b2b", "text": "The Man That Was Used Up `` The Man That Was Used Up '' , sometimes subtitled `` A Tale of the Late Bugaboo and Kickapoo Campaign '' , is a short story and satire by Edgar Allan Poe . It was first published in 1839 in Burton 's Gentleman 's Magazine . The story follows an unnamed narrator who seeks out the famous war hero John A. B. C. Smith . He becomes suspicious that Smith has some deep secret when others refuse to describe him , instead remarking only on the latest advancements in technology . When he finally meets Smith , the man must first be assembled piece by piece . It is likely that in this satire Poe is actually referring to General Winfield Scott , veteran of the War of 1812 , the Mexican -- American War , and the American Civil War . Additionally , some scholars suggest that Poe is questioning the strong male identity as well as how humanity falls as machines become more advanced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "094b546e62581ff82522be9ddecac952", "text": "Long Depression The Long Depression was a worldwide price and economic recession , beginning in 1873 and running either through the spring of 1879 , or 1896 , depending on the metrics used . It was the most severe in Europe and the United States , which had been experiencing strong economic growth fueled by the Second Industrial Revolution in the decade following the American Civil War . The episode was labeled the `` Great Depression '' at the time , and it held that designation until the Great Depression of the 1930s . Though a period of general deflation and a general contraction , it did not have the severe economic retrogression of the Great Depression . It was most notable in Western Europe and North America , at least in part because reliable data from the period is most readily available in those parts of the world . The United Kingdom is often considered to have been the hardest hit ; during this period it lost some of its large industrial lead over the economies of Continental Europe . While it was occurring , the view was prominent that the economy of the United Kingdom had been in continuous depression from 1873 to as late as 1896 and some texts refer to the period as the Great Depression of 1873 -- 96 . In the United States , economists typically refer to the Long Depression as the Depression of 1873 -- 79 , kicked off by the Panic of 1873 , and followed by the Panic of 1893 , book-ending the entire period of the wider Long Depression . The National Bureau of Economic Research dates the contraction following the panic as lasting from October 1873 to March 1879 . At 65 months , it is the longest-lasting contraction identified by the NBER , eclipsing the Great Depression 's 43 months of contraction . In the US , from 1873 to 1879 , 18,000 businesses went bankrupt , including 89 railroads . Ten states and hundreds of banks went bankrupt . Unemployment peaked in 1878 , long after the panic ended . Different sources peg the peak U.S. unemployment rate anywhere from 8.25 % to 14 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de236e6e78b0ebfc6620dd181c0ea03d", "text": "October 18", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ce56d00cc14a48c286f6dbfcff1723a", "text": "Annabel Lee `` Annabel Lee '' is the last complete poem composed by American author Edgar Allan Poe . Like many of Poe 's poems , it explores the theme of the death of a beautiful woman . The narrator , who fell in love with Annabel Lee when they were young , has a love for her so strong that even angels are envious . He retains his love for her even after her death . There has been debate over who , if anyone , was the inspiration for `` Annabel Lee '' . Though many women have been suggested , Poe 's wife Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe is one of the more credible candidates . Written in 1849 , it was not published until shortly after Poe 's death that same year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b971a97389aa0a403e8d01169f582841", "text": "Fernando Poe Jr. Ronald Allan Kelley Poe ( August 20 , 1939 -- December 14 , 2004 ) , better known as Fernando Poe Jr. . and colloquially known as FPJ and Da King , was a Filipino actor . During the latter part of his career , Poe was defeated by then President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in the 2004 Philippine presidential elections . His long career as an action film star earned him the nickname `` King of Philippine Movies '' ( often shortened to Da King ) . Poe was posthumously declared a National Artist of the Philippines for Film on May 23 , 2006 by President Macapagal-Arroyo . The award was confirmed by President Benigno Aquino III on July 20 , 2012 , and was presented to his family on August 16 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26e4fb444764551f2e47df0d5b1ad7b9", "text": "Washington Irving Washington Irving ( April 3 , 1783 -- November 28 , 1859 ) was an American short story writer , essayist , biographer , historian , and diplomat of the early 19th century . He is best known for his short stories `` Rip Van Winkle '' ( 1819 ) and `` The Legend of Sleepy Hollow '' ( 1820 ) , both of which appear in his book The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon , Gent . His historical works include biographies of George Washington , Oliver Goldsmith , and Muhammad , and several histories of 15th-century Spain dealing with subjects such as Christopher Columbus , the Moors and the Alhambra . Irving served as the U.S. ambassador to Spain from 1842 to 1846 . He made his literary debut in 1802 with a series of observational letters to the Morning Chronicle , written under the pseudonym Jonathan Oldstyle . After moving to England for the family business in 1815 , he achieved international fame with the publication of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon , Gent . in 1819 -- 20 . He continued to publish regularly -- and almost always successfully -- throughout his life , and just eight months before his death ( at age 76 , in Tarrytown , New York ) , completed a five-volume biography of George Washington . Irving , along with James Fenimore Cooper , was among the first American writers to earn acclaim in Europe , and Irving encouraged American authors such as Nathaniel Hawthorne , Herman Melville , Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , and Edgar Allan Poe . Irving was also admired by some European writers , including Walter Scott , Lord Byron , Thomas Campbell , Francis Jeffrey , and Charles Dickens . As America 's first genuine internationally best-selling author , Irving advocated for writing as a legitimate profession and argued for stronger laws to protect American writers from copyright infringement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8cdeaccd00bb2867e8043061d9f3211", "text": "Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore . There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald . Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney . From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "639516f7b8adccdc99596559aace2288", "text": "Elizabeth \"Harriot\" Wilson Elizabeth Wilson ( 1762January 3 , 1786 ) was an American whose execution by hanging for the purported murder of her children in southeastern Pennsylvania during the immediate post-Revolutionary War period made her a folklore figure in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century . Although her responsibility for the children 's deaths had not been definitively established , the hanging was carried out and a pardon , granted by the state and entrusted to her brother , William , was not delivered in time to stop the execution . There was tremendous popular interest in her story , which quickly evolved into a tale of moral failing and divine redemption . Following his sister 's death , William became a recluse , popularly known as The Pennsylvania Hermit . In some sources , William and Elizabeth are referred to as Amos Wilson and Harriot Wilson . However , the historical record leaves no doubt that the Hermit and his sister were named William and Elizabeth . The origin of these `` alternate '' names has never been fully explained . Many key elements of the Wilsons ' saga are documented in the records of the Chester County Courts and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania . However , the story quickly became a part of local folklore and was embellished by generations of storytellers . It is possible to note which elements of the tale are a part of the historical record and which might be considered suspect . However , `` the Wilson Story '' might best be considered historical fiction , as the popular tale incorporates elements of both , and even scholarly discussions of the events are at odds regarding certain details . The following is a synthesis of numerous , often conflicting sources and is best regarded as historical fiction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c78e944c02431921f99cbffea25b6664", "text": "The Oblong Box (short story) `` The Oblong Box '' is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe , first published in 1844 , about a sea voyage and a mysterious box .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f437a49f8c3b942a4c3af226e5ea31fa", "text": "The Business Man (short story) `` The Business Man '' is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe about a businessman boasting of his accomplishments . It was published in February 1840 in Burton 's Gentleman 's Magazine . The story questions the concept of a self-made man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d868dde1ce44f844e109610b7426e2e1", "text": "October 7", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87dbe4eb8f81f04370cb22ca4fc68724", "text": "Eureka: A Prose Poem Eureka ( 1848 ) is a lengthy non-fiction work by American author Edgar Allan Poe ( 1809 -- 1849 ) which he subtitled `` A Prose Poem '' , though it has also been subtitled as `` An Essay on the Material and Spiritual Universe '' . Adapted from a lecture he had presented , Eureka describes Poe 's intuitive conception of the nature of the universe with no antecedent scientific work done to reach his conclusions . He also discusses man 's relationship with God , whom he compares to an author . It is dedicated to the German naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt ( 1769 -- 1859 ) . Though it is generally considered a literary work , some of Poe 's ideas anticipate 20th century scientific discoveries and theories . Indeed a critical analysis of the scientific content of Eureka reveals a non-causal correspondence with modern cosmology due to the assumption of an evolving Universe , but excludes the anachronistic anticipation of relativistic concepts such as black holes . Eureka was received poorly in Poe 's day and generally described as absurd , even by friends . Modern critics continue to debate the significance of Eureka and some doubt its seriousness , in part because of Poe 's many incorrect assumptions and his comedic descriptions of well-known historical minds . It is presented as a poem , and many compare it with his fiction work , especially science fiction stories such as `` The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar '' . His attempts at discovering the truth also follow his own tradition of `` ratiocination '' , a term used in his detective fiction tales . Poe 's suggestion that the soul continues to thrive even after death also parallels with works in which characters reappear from beyond the grave such as `` Ligeia '' . The essay is oddly transcendental , considering Poe 's disdain for that movement . He considered it his greatest work and claimed it was more important than the discovery of gravity .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3b878ad53a2f111f92624ccd1f1b54b0	Roger Penrose was a co-recipient of the 1988 Wolf Prize for physics along with Stephen Hawking.	[ { "docid": "0b99a37a30a38a70f7cb9c8224468fb3", "text": "Roger Penrose Sir Roger Penrose ( born 8 August 1931 ) is an English mathematical physicist , mathematician and philosopher of science . He is the Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at the Mathematical Institute of the University of Oxford , as well as an Emeritus Fellow of Wadham College . Penrose is known for his work in mathematical physics , in particular for his contributions to general relativity and cosmology . He has received several prizes and awards , including the 1988 Wolf Prize for physics , which he shared with Stephen Hawking for their contribution to our understanding of the universe .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ad0db27bb09cb68ed70ff37721b870f6", "text": "Alfred P. Wolf Alfred P. Wolf ( February 23 , 1923 -- December 17 , 1998 ) was an American nuclear and organic chemist . Wolf was chairman of the Chemistry Department at Brookhaven National Laboratory , research professor in the Department of Psychiatry at New York University a member of the National Academy of Sciences , The Journal of Nuclear Medicine said that his `` discoveries were instrumental in the development of positron emission tomography ( PET ) '' and that he `` made pioneering contributions over nearly 50 years in the field of organic radiochemistry '' . The New York Times said that Wolf `` helped create some of today 's most sophisticated diagnostic tools '' and that he `` advanced the field of organic radiochemistry , radiopharmacology and nuclear medicine '' throughout his career of 50 years . The National Academy of Sciences said that `` he pioneered the development of labeling techniques that used the reactions of hot atoms '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "245e46ce2cbe7b387ac0c0c112c5981f", "text": "Search for extraterrestrial intelligence The search for extraterrestrial intelligence ( SETI ) is a collective term for scientific searches for intelligent extraterrestrial life , for example , monitoring electromagnetic radiation for signs of transmissions from civilizations on other worlds . There are great challenges in searching the universe for signs of intelligent life , including their identification and interpretation . As various SETI projects have progressed , their claims have been criticized by some researchers as being too `` euphoric '' . Scientific investigation of the potential phenomenon began shortly after the advent of radio in the early 1900s . Focused international efforts to answer a variety of scientific questions have been going on since the 1980s . In 2015 , Stephen Hawking and Russian billionaire Yuri Milner announced a well-funded effort , called the Breakthrough Initiatives to expand efforts to search for extraterrestrial life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6eb2988197a3f4c9dfba19701776828", "text": "C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics __ NOTOC __ The C. N. Yang Institute of Theoretical Physics ( YITP ) is a research center at Stony Brook University . In 1965 , it was the vision of then University President J.S. Toll and Physics Department chair T.A. Pond to create an institute for theoretical physics and invite the famous physicist Chen Ning Yang from Institute for Advanced Study to serve as its director with the Albert Einstein Professorship of Physics . While the center is often referred to as `` YITP '' , this can be confusing as YITP also stands for the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics in Japan . The active research areas of the institute include : Quantum Field Theory , String Theory , Mathematical Physics and Statistical Mechanics . The YITP is situated on top of the Math Tower , home to the Department of Mathematics which is connected to the Department of Physics and the Simons Center for Geometry and Physics -- therefore the physicists enjoy intimate interactions with the mathematicians . This close relationship dates back to the friendship of C.N. Yang and the mathematician James Harris Simons . Founded in 1967 , YITP celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2007 . During the time span , the YITP has produced significant results in different areas , most notably was the discovery of Supergravity in 1976 by Peter van Nieuwenhuizen , Daniel Z. Freedman , and Sergio Ferrara , who were all working there at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c39074d0471cccb924c20b3d008710c4", "text": "Atomic orbital In quantum mechanics , an atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of either one electron or a pair of electrons in an atom . This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any specific region around the atom 's nucleus . The term , atomic orbital , may also refer to the physical region or space where the electron can be calculated to be present , as defined by the particular mathematical form of the orbital . Each orbital in an atom is characterized by a unique set of values of the three quantum numbers , , and , which respectively correspond to the electron 's energy , angular momentum , and an angular momentum vector component ( the magnetic quantum number ) . Each such orbital can be occupied by a maximum of two electrons , each with its own spin quantum number . The simple names s orbital , p orbital , d orbital and f orbital refer to orbitals with angular momentum quantum number and respectively . These names , together with the value of , are used to describe the electron configurations of atoms . They are derived from the description by early spectroscopists of certain series of alkali metal spectroscopic lines as sharp , principal , diffuse , and fundamental . Orbitals for > 3 continue alphabetically , omitting j ( g , h , i , k , ... ) because some languages do not distinguish between the letters `` i '' and `` j '' . Atomic orbitals are the basic building blocks of the atomic orbital model ( alternatively known as the electron cloud or wave mechanics model ) , a modern framework for visualizing the submicroscopic behavior of electrons in matter . In this model the electron cloud of a multi-electron atom may be seen as being built up ( in approximation ) in an electron configuration that is a product of simpler hydrogen-like atomic orbitals . The repeating periodicity of the blocks of 2 , 6 , 10 , and 14 elements within sections of the periodic table arises naturally from the total number of electrons that occupy a complete set of s , p , d and f atomic orbitals , respectively , although for higher values of the quantum number , particularly when the atom in question bears a positive charge , the energies of certain sub-shells become very similar and so the order in which they are said to be populated by electrons ( e.g. Cr = -LSB- Ar -RSB- 4s13d5 and Cr2 + = -LSB- Ar -RSB- 3d4 ) can only be rationalized somewhat arbitrarily .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e41d0e2097f2059f8496337e92131be", "text": "Richard H. Price Richard H. Price ( born March 1 , 1943 ) is an American physicist specializing in general relativity . Price graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1960 , and went on to earn a dual degree in physics and engineering from Cornell University in 1965 . He earned his Ph.D. in 1971 from Caltech under the supervision of Kip Thorne . He has spent most of his career at the University of Utah , but in 2004 joined Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy at the University of Texas at Brownsville . He is currently affiliated with MIT and the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth . Price is probably best known for a 1972 result now known as Price 's theorem . This is usually informally stated as follows : any inhomogeneities in the spacetime geometry outside a black hole will be radiated away . ( Any such inhomogeneities can be quantified as nonzero higher multipole moments . ) Price 's theorem explains how the no hair theorem is enforced . Price also made pioneering numerical simulations which established ( nonrigorously ) a precise scenario for the emission of gravitational radiation during the merger of two compact objects ( such as two black holes ) . Subsequent work has largely confirmed the scenario which was first developed in his work . These simulations have provided a major impetus for the development of gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO . He has done much in development of pedagogical techniques in physics at the undergraduate , graduate , and postdoc levels ; a significant portion at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City , UT . He creates beautiful atlases of relativity . He continues to teach and do research as a professor emeritus at the University of Texas Brownsville . Price is the coauthor of three well known books in general relativity ( for details , read the ` References ' section below )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "853b186873f355b242c23c387902a91f", "text": "Petrie Prize Lecture The Petrie Prize Lecture is an award given in alternate years by the Canadian Astronomical Society to an outstanding astrophysicist . The award commemorates the contributions to astrophysical research of the Canadian astronomer Robert M. Petrie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "baffdc8510b87ce76cc1320959d017f4", "text": "Christopher Pope Christopher Pope is the Distinguished Professor of Physics and Astronomy and the Stephen Hawking Chair of Fundamental Physics at Texas A&M University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bf6c383c17d53ee7d944a7f44b4e466", "text": "Erik Verlinde Erik Peter Verlinde ( -LSB- ˈeːrɪk ˈpeːtər vərˈlɪndə -RSB- ; born 21 January 1962 ) is a Dutch theoretical physicist and string theorist . He is the identical twin brother of physicist Herman Verlinde . The Verlinde formula , which is important in conformal field theory and topological field theory , is named after him . His research deals with string theory , gravity , black holes and cosmology . Currently , he works at the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Amsterdam . At a symposium at the Dutch Spinoza-institute on 8 December 2009 he introduced a theory of entropic gravity . In this theory , gravity exists because of a difference in concentration of information in the empty space between two masses and its surroundings ; he also extrapolates this to general relativity and quantum mechanics . He said in an interview with the newspaper de Volkskrant , `` On the smallest level Newton 's laws do n't apply , but they do for apples and planets . You can explain this to pressure of gas . Molecules themselves do n't have any pressure , but a barrel of gas has . '' It appears that Verlinde 's approach to explaining gravity leads naturally to the correct observed strength of dark energy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b6473d0cf31c437423d6b1b0e0efd6e", "text": "Kip Thorne Kip Stephen Thorne ( born June 1 , 1940 ) is an American theoretical physicist , known for his contributions in gravitational physics and astrophysics . A longtime friend and colleague of Stephen Hawking and Carl Sagan , he was the Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics at the California Institute of Technology ( Caltech ) until 2009 and is one of the world 's leading experts on the astrophysical implications of Einstein 's general theory of relativity . He continues to do scientific research and scientific consulting , most notably for the Christopher Nolan film , Interstellar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63c3a2d075e497b01f729d6ae0cc9420", "text": "Leonard Parker Leonard Emanuel Parker ( born Leonard Pearlman in 1938 in Brooklyn , New York ) is a Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Physics and a former Director of the Center for Gravitation and Cosmology at the University of Wisconsin -- Milwaukee . During the late 1960s , Parker established a new area of physics - quantum field theory in curved spacetime . Specifically , by applying the technique of Bogoliubov transformations to quantum field theory with a changing gravitational field , he discovered the physical mechanism now known as gravitational particle production . His work inspired research by hundreds of physicists and has been cited in more than 2,000 research papers ; it was credited in the memoirs of Soviet physicist Andrei Sakharov and helped Stephen Hawking discover the creation of particles by black holes . Recently , with David Toms of Newcastle University , Parker co-wrote a latest addition to graduate-level textbooks on quantum field theory in curved spacetime , entitled Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime : Quantized Fields and Gravity ( Cambridge University Press , 2009 , ISBN 978-0-521-87787-9 ) . He received his PhD from Harvard University in 1967 . His advisor was Sidney Coleman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9bf8e0ce2f8d8e08fdd0c8f1a4c53c1", "text": "Representation theory of the Lorentz group The Lorentz group is a Lie group of symmetries of the spacetime of special relativity . This group can be realized as a collection of matrices , linear transformations , or unitary operators on some Hilbert space ; it has a variety of representations . In any relativistically invariant physical theory , these representations must enter in some fashion ; The way in which it enters may take many shapes depending on the theory at hand . While not being the present topic , some details will be provided in footnotes labeled `` nb '' , and in the section applications . physics itself must be made out of them . Indeed , special relativity together with quantum mechanics are the two physical theories that are most thoroughly established , `` If it turned out that a system could not be described by a quantum field theory , it would be a sensation ; if it turned out it did not obey the rules of quantum mechanics and relativity , it would be a cataclysm . '' and the conjunction of these two theories is the study of the infinite-dimensional unitary representations of the Lorentz group . These have both historical importance in mainstream physics , as well as connections to more speculative present-day theories . The full theory of the finite-dimensional representations of the Lie algebra of the Lorentz group is deduced using the general framework of the representation theory of semisimple Lie algebras . The finite-dimensional representations of the connected component of the full Lorentz group are obtained by employing the Lie correspondence and the matrix exponential . The full finite-dimensional representation theory of the universal covering group ( and also the spin group , a double cover ) of is obtained , and explicitly given in terms of action on a function space in representations of and . The representatives of time reversal and space inversion are given in space inversion and time reversal , completing the finite-dimensional theory for the full Lorentz group . The general properties of the ( m , n ) representations are outlined . Action on function spaces is considered , with the action on spherical harmonics and the Riemann P-functions appearing as examples . The infinite-dimensional case of irreducible unitary representations are realized for the principal series and the complementary series . Finally , the Plancherel formula for is given , and representations of are classified and realized for Lie algebras . The development of the representation theory has historically followed the development of the more general theory of representation theory of semisimple groups , largely due to Élie Cartan and Hermann Weyl , but the Lorentz group has also received special attention due to its importance in physics . Notable contributors are physicist E. P. Wigner and mathematician Valentine Bargmann with their Bargmann -- Wigner program , one conclusion of which is , roughly , a classification of all unitary representations of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group amounts to a classification of all possible relativistic wave equations . The classification of the irreducible infinite-dimensional representations of the Lorentz group was established by Paul Dirac ´ s doctoral student in theoretical physics , Harish-Chandra , later turned mathematician , In 1945 Harish-Chandra came to see Dirac in Cambridge . He became convinced that he was not suitable for theoretical physics . Harish-Chandra had found an error in a proof by Dirac in his work on the Lorentz group . Dirac said `` I am not interested in proofs but only interested in what nature does . '' <p> Harish-Chandra later wrote `` This remark confirmed my growing conviction that I did not have the mysterious sixth sense which one needs in order to succeed in physics and I soon decided to move over to mathematics . '' <p> Dirac did however suggest the topic of his thesis , the classification of the irreducible infinite-dimensional representations of the Lorentz group . <p> See in 1947 . The corresponding classification for was published independently by Bargmann and Israel Gelfand together with Mark Naimark in the same year . The non-technical introduction contains some prerequisite material for readers not familiar with representation theory . The Lie algebra basis and other adopted conventions are given in conventions and Lie algebra bases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5efc3dd098852bb464059c7e6a0b5db0", "text": "Leon M. Lederman Leon Max Lederman ( born July 15 , 1922 ) is an American experimental physicist who received the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1982 , along with Martin Lewis Perl , for their research on quarks and leptons , and the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1988 , along with Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger , for their research on neutrinos . He is Director Emeritus of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ( Fermilab ) in Batavia , Illinois , USA . He founded the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy , in Aurora , Illinois in 1986 , and has been Resident Scholar Emeritus since 2012 . In 2012 , he was awarded the Vannevar Bush Award for his extraordinary contributions to understanding the basic forces and particles of nature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21d5d4d24541dc5d08e3079c1e500f6b", "text": "Shadows of the Mind Shadows of the Mind : A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness is a 1994 book by mathematical physicist Roger Penrose , and serves as a followup to his 1989 book The Emperor 's New Mind : Concerning Computers , Minds and The Laws of Physics . Penrose hypothesizes that : Human consciousness is non-algorithmic , and thus is not capable of being modelled by a conventional Turing machine-type of digital computer . Quantum mechanics plays an essential role in the understanding of human consciousness , specifically , he believes that microtubules within neurons support quantum superpositions . The objective collapse of the quantum wavefunction of the microtubules is critical for consciousness . The collapse in question is physical behaviour that is non-algorithmic and transcends the limits of computability . The human mind has abilities that no Turing machine could possess because of this mechanism of non-computable physics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a8c86b01add894fb408875689b3f5b2", "text": "Haldane principle In British research policy , the Haldane principle is the idea that decisions about what to spend research funds on should be made by researchers rather than politicians . It is named after Richard Burdon Haldane , who in 1904 and from 1909 to 1918 chaired committees and commissions which recommended this policy . The 1904 committee recommended the creation of the University Grants Committee which has evolved via the Universities Funding Council into the current higher education funding councils : Research Councils UK , Higher Education Funding Council for England , Scottish Funding Council and Higher Education Funding Council for Wales . In 1918 Haldane 's committee produced the `` Haldane Report '' . The report suggested that research required by government departments could be separated into that required by specific departments and that which was more general . It recommended that departments should oversee the specific research but the general research should be under the control of autonomous Research Councils , which would be free from political and administrative pressures that might discourage research in certain areas . The principle of the autonomy of the research councils is now referred to as the Haldane Principle . The first research council to be created as a result of the Haldane Report was the Medical Research Council . The principle has remained enshrined in British Government policy , but has been criticised and altered over the years . In 1939 J.D. Bernal argued that social good was more important than researchers ' freedom in deciding the direction of research . Solly Zuckerman criticised it in 1971 for its artificial separation of basic and applied science , and the consequent elevation of the status of the former . A major revision to the application of the Haldane Principle in British research funding came in the early 1970s with the Rothschild Report of 1971 , and its implementation which transferred about 25 % of the then Research Council funds , and the decisions on the research to be funded with them , back to government departments , a move later undone by Margaret Thatcher 's government . There is currently a debate about the extent to which the principle is still applied in practice . This principle is unrelated to Haldane 's rule , the zoological principle named after J. B. S. Haldane .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4755e5d6c843cd02dc86e8de1ac53c4f", "text": "Jane Hawking Jane Beryl Wilde Hawking Jones , Ph.D. ( née Wilde , born 29 March 1944 , known publicly as Jane Hawking ) is an English author and educator . She is the author of the autobiography Travelling to Infinity : My Life with Stephen , to whom she was married .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cea87caeec1ea4075c52a62ba054ce89", "text": "1988 in science The year 1988 in science and technology involved many significant events , some listed below .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3cd24bc131f2a7ee6b121f90b1c3ba7", "text": "David Gross David Jonathan Gross ( -LSB- groʊs -RSB- born February 19 , 1941 ) is an American theoretical physicist and string theorist . Along with Frank Wilczek and David Politzer , he was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery of asymptotic freedom . He is the former director and current holder of the Frederick W. Gluck Chair in Theoretical Physics at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics of the University of California , Santa Barbara . He is also a faculty member in the UC Santa Barbara Physics Department and is currently affiliated with the Institute for Quantum Studies at Chapman University in California . He is the Foreign Member of Chinese Academy of Sciences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65ad49417436c79896f76f52d1155cc2", "text": "Wolf Prize in Medicine The Wolf Prize in Medicine is awarded once a year by the Wolf Foundation in Israel . It is one of the six Wolf Prizes established by the Foundation and awarded since 1978 ; the others are in Agriculture , Chemistry , Mathematics , Physics and Arts . The Prize has been stated to be the second most prestigious award in science , and a significant predictor of the Nobel Prize .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5d94e1b73c21fa7a50c3ac7c22f3e48", "text": "John Cardy John Lawrence Cardy FRS ( born 19 March 1947 , England ) is a British theoretical physicist at the University of California , Berkeley . He is best known for his work in theoretical condensed matter physics and statistical mechanics , and in particular for research on critical phenomena and conformal field theory . He was an undergraduate and postgraduate student at Downing College , University of Cambridge , before moving to the University of California , Santa Barbara , where he joined the faculty in 1977 . In 1993 , he moved to the University of Oxford , where until 2014 he was a Fellow of All Souls College ( now Emeritus ) and a Professor of Physics in the Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics . He currently holds a Visiting Professorship at the University of California , Berkeley . He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1991 , received the Dirac Medal of the IoP in 2000 , was awarded the Lars Onsager Prize by the APS in 2004 , the Boltzmann Medal by IUPAP in 2010 , and the Dirac Medal of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in 2011 . He is most known for his contributions to conformal field theory . The famous Cardy formula for black hole entropy , the Cardy formula in percolation theory , and the Cardy conditions in boundary conformal field theory are named after him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fbb20eeab33545bc15ba6dec95386e3", "text": "Quantum spacetime In mathematical physics , the concept of quantum spacetime is a generalization of the usual concept of spacetime in which some variables that ordinarily commute are assumed not to commute and form a different Lie algebra . The choice of that algebra still varies from theory to theory . As a result of this change some variables that are usually continuous may become discrete . Often only such discrete variables are called `` quantized '' ; usage varies . The idea of quantum spacetime was proposed in the early days of quantum theory by Heisenberg and Ivanenko as a way to eliminate infinities from quantum field theory . The germ of the idea passed from Heisenberg to Rudolf Peierls , who noted that electrons in a magnetic field can be regarded as moving in a quantum space-time , and to Robert Oppenheimer , who carried it to Hartland Snyder , who published the first concrete example . Snyder 's Lie algebra was made simple by C. N. Yang in the same year . Physical reasons have been given to believe that physical spacetime is a quantum spacetime . In quantum mechanics position and momentum variables are already noncommutative , obey the Heisenberg uncertainty principle , and are continuous . Because of the Heisenberg uncertainty relations , greater energy is needed to probe smaller distances . Ultimately , according to gravity theory , the probing particles form black holes that destroy what was to be measured . The process can not be repeated , so it can not be counted as a measurement . This limited measurability led many to expect that our usual picture of continuous commutative spacetime breaks down at Planck scale distances , if not sooner . Again , physical spacetime is expected to be quantum because physical coordinates are already slightly noncommutative . The astronomical coordinates of a star are modified by gravitational fields between us and the star , as in the deflection of light by the sun , one of the classic tests of general relativity . Therefore the coordinates actually depend on gravitational field variables . According to quantum theories of gravity these field variables do not commute ; therefore coordinates that depend on them likely do not commute . Both arguments are based on pure gravity and quantum theory , and they limit the measurement of time by the only time constant in pure quantum gravity , the Planck time . Our instruments , however , are not purely gravitational but are made of particles . They may set a more severe , larger , limit than the Planck time . Quantum spacetimes are often described mathematically using the noncommutative geometry of Connes , quantum geometry , or quantum groups . Any noncommutative algebra with at least four generators could be interpreted as a quantum spacetime , but the following desiderata have been suggested : Local Lorentz group and Poincaré group symmetries should be retained , possibly in a generalised form . Their generalisation often takes the form of a quantum group acting on the quantum spacetime algebra . The algebra might plausibly arise in an effective description of quantum gravity effects in some regime of that theory . For example , a physical parameter , perhaps the Planck length , might control the deviation from commutative classical spacetime , so that ordinary Lorentzian spacetime arises as . There might be a notion of quantum differential calculus on the quantum spacetime algebra , compatible with the ( quantum ) symmetry and preferably reducing to the usual differential calculus as . This would permit wave equations for particles and fields and facilitate predictions for experimental deviations from classical spacetime physics that can then be tested experimentally . The Lie algebra should be semisimple ( Yang , I. E. Segal 1947 ) . This makes it easier to formulate a finite theory . Several models were found in the 1990s more or less meeting most of the above criteria .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a4548cc32d42526045f65f1fbe0c938e	Muhammad did not migrate from Mecca to Medina.	[ { "docid": "26e16f39a8cb30451b151a8cd816f91a", "text": "Muhammad Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd AllāhFull name : Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim ( ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم , lit : Father of Qasim Muhammad son of Abd Allah son of Abdul-Muttalib son of Hashim ) ( محمد -LSB- muħammad -RSB- ; Classical Arabic pronunciation c. 570 CE -- 8 June 632 CE ) is the prophet of Islam and widely identified as its founder by non-Muslims . According to Islamic doctrine , he was God 's Messenger ( rasūl Allāh ) sent to confirm the essential teachings of monotheism preached previously by Adam , Abraham , Moses , Jesus , and other prophets . He is viewed as the final prophet of God in primary branches of Islam , though some modern denominations diverge from this belief.The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community considers Muhammad to be the `` Seal of the Prophets '' ( Khātam an-Nabiyyīn ) and the last law-bearing Prophet but not the last Prophet . See : There are also smaller sects which believe Muhammad to be not the last Prophet : The Nation of Islam considers Elijah Muhammad to be a prophet ( source : African American Religious Leaders -- p. 76 , Jim Haskins , Kathleen Benson -- 2008 ) . United Submitters International consider Rashad Khalifa to be a prophet . ( Source : Daniel Pipes , Miniatures : Views of Islamic and Middle Eastern Politics , p. 98 ( 2004 ) ) Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity and ensured that his teachings , practices , and the Quran , formed the basis of Islamic religious belief . Born approximately 570CE ( Year of the Elephant ) in the Arabian city of Mecca , Muhammad was orphaned at an early age ; he was raised under the care of his paternal uncle Abu Talib . Periodically , he would seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer ; later , at age 40 , he reported being visited by Gabriel in the cave , where he stated he received his first revelation from God . Three years later , in 610 , Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly , proclaiming that `` God is One '' , that complete `` surrender '' ( lit . islām ) to him is the right course of action ( dīn ) , and that he was a prophet and messenger of God , similar to the other prophets in Islam . Muhammad gained few early followers , and met hostility from some Meccan tribes . To escape persecution , Muhammad sent some followers to Abyssinia before he and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina ( then known as Yathrib ) in the year 622 . This event , the Hijra , marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar , also known as the Hijri Calendar . In Medina , Muhammad united the tribes under the Constitution of Medina . In December 629 , after eight years of intermittent conflict with Meccan tribes , Muhammad gathered an army of 10,000 Muslim converts and marched on the city of Mecca . The attack went largely uncontested and Muhammad seized the city with little bloodshed . In 632 , a few months after returning from the Farewell Pilgrimage , he fell ill and died . Before his death , most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam . The revelations ( each known as Ayah , lit . `` Sign -LSB- of God -RSB- '' ) , which Muhammad reported receiving until his death , form the verses of the Quran , regarded by Muslims as the `` Word of God '' and around which the religion is based . Besides the Quran , Muhammad 's teachings and practices ( sunnah ) , found in the Hadith and sira literature , are also upheld by Muslims and used as sources of Islamic law ( see Sharia ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "09ec7ef6caf1820b209d81058f532ac8", "text": "Battle of Nahrawan The Battle of Nahrawan ( -LSB- معركة النهروان , Ma ` rakat an-Nahrawān -RSB- ) was a battle between Ali ibn Abi Talib ( the first Shi'ah Imam and the fourth Sunni Caliph ) and the Kharijites commanded by ` Abdullah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi , near Nahrawan , twelve miles from Baghdad . Having disposed of the Kharijites at Nahrawan , according to some Shia sources Ali resumed his march to Syria . However , the chiefs of his followers urged him to stop at Kufa to let the men rest before the long journey and to enable the army to repair their weapons and armor . Ali agreed to this request and camped at al-Nukhaylah outside Kufah . The soldiers were allowed to leave the camp for a day . On the next day , hardly any men returned and at length , Ali entered Kufah and gave a stern sermon to the people . However , nobody came forward and no one wanted to fight and finally , Ali turned away from them in disappointment . The Syrian expedition was abandoned , never to be resumed . Others argue that the Kharijites had been making every one fight and after they separated , Ali himself also did not want to fight the Syrians . A few years later they re-emerged in Iraq and north of the Arabian Peninsula . They were defeated by the Umayyads . Two years later , in 40 A.H Ali was assassinated by a Kharijite called Abd al-Rahman ibn Muljam , who attacked him with a poisoned sword while Ali was praying , in his sujood . In the mosque of Kufah , on the 19th of the month of Ramadan , finally succumbing to poison on the 21st of the month of Ramadan . In Syria Muawiyah I had a more professional army and was not reliant of volunteers and therefore no sects developed . When Ali was told that the Kharijites had been killed , he replied : `` By Allah ! No , not yet . They still exist in the loins of men and wombs of women . Whenever a chief would appear from among them , he would be cut down till the last of them would turn thieves and robbers . '' The nine Kharijites that survived the battle against Ali managed to flee to Basrah , Sistan , Khurasan , Oman , Yemen , Tell Mozan , and elsewhere , where they had their offspring , spread their beliefs and recruited more followers . Today Ibadis of Oman ( and parts of Africa ) are known as their descendants and followers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fde5560cf5d0c7da0bba0fcae6c27f4", "text": "Year of Sorrow In the Islamic tradition , the Year of Sorrow ( -LSB- عام الحزن , ` Ām al-Ḥuzn -RSB- , also translated Year of Sadness ) is the Hijri year in which Muhammad 's wife Khadijah and his uncle and protector Abu Talib died . The year approximately coincided with 619 CE or the tenth year after Muhammad 's first revelation . After the death of Abu Talib , Muhammad became vulnerable due to the loss of clan protection granted by Abu Talib ( who was also the chief of Banu Hashim ) . He began to be the target of physical attacks by his Meccan opponents . He visited Ta'if to look for help and invite the inhabitants to Islam , but was rejected . On the way back to Mecca , he petitioned several prominent Meccans to ask for protection . Chief Mut ` im ibn ` Adi , from the Banu Nawfal clan , acceded to his request , escorted Muhammad into the city and announced the clan 's protection of Muhammad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7530a15332a56c5673ef087588288b80", "text": "Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat The Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat were an Arabian tribe of the Hejaz region , in western Arabia and they are a branch of Banu Kinanah the brothers of Quraysh tribe . During Muhammad 's lifetime , they were allies of the Quraish of Mecca . In 630 , their attack against Banu Khuza'a , who had recently become allies of Muhammad , violated the Treaty of Hudaybiyya of 628 , which led to the conquest of Mecca by the Muslim armies , which occurred without battle . They are distinct from the similarly named , but more famous tribe of Bakr ibn Wa'il . Category : Arab groups Bakr ibn Abd Manat", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e1f86ae52130d5483bb674a70f3c73d", "text": "Islam in Asia Islam began in Asia in the 7th century during the lifetime of Muhammad . A number of adherents of Islam have lived in Asia & specially West Asia and South Asia since the beginning of Islamic history . Islam is said to have arrived in Manipur ( Northeast India ) in 615 AD via Chittagong which is part of present-day Bangladesh 's coast in the age of silk route ( both onland and by sea ) trades when Sa ` d ibn Abi Waqqas ( b.594-d .674 AD ) and others namely Uwais al-Qarni ( 594-657 ) , Khunais ibn Hudhaifa , Saeed ibn Zaid , Wahb Abu Kabcha , Jahsh and Jafar ibn Abu Talib preached there . The Barmakid family was an early supporter of the Abbasid Revolution against the Umayyads and of As-Saffah . This gave Khalid ibn Barmak considerable influence , and his son Yaḥyā ibn Khālid ( d. 806 ) was the vizier of the caliph al-Mahdi ( ruled 775 -- 785 ) and tutor of Hārūn ar-Rashīd ( ruled 786-809 ) . Yaḥyā 's sons al-Faḍl and Ja ` far ( 767-803 ) both occupied high offices under Harun . Many Barmakids were patrons of the sciences , which greatly helped the propagation of Indian science and scholarship from the neighbouring Academy of Gundishapur into the Arabic world . They patronized scholars such as Gebir and Jabril ibn Bukhtishu . They are also credited with the establishment of the first paper mill in Baghdad . The power of the Barmakids in those times is reflected in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights ; the vizier Ja ` far appears in several stories , as well as a tale that gave rise to the expression `` Barmecide feast '' . Many of the early governors of the Caliphate were Barmakids . Khalid ibn Barmak built Mansura , Sindh and later Baghdad . His son was the governor of what is now Azerbaijan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7f1990a3cdeb6940089c2754640f53a", "text": "Mecca Gate Mecca Gate , ( also known as Quran Gate ) is a landmark on the Makkah Mukkarram road of the Jeddah-Makkah Highway . It is the entrance to Makkah and the birthplace of Muhammad . The gate signifies the boundary of the haram area of the city of Makkah , where non-Muslims are prohibited to enter . The structure is that of a book , representing the Qur ` an , sitting on a rehal , or book stand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c2f971e16b9345fadd6454d26a8b1e7", "text": "Mosque of Ibn Tulun The Mosque of Ahmad Ibn Ţūlūn is located in Cairo , Egypt . It is arguably the oldest mosque in the city surviving in its original form , and is the largest mosque in Cairo in terms of land area . The mosque was commissioned by Ahmad ibn Ţūlūn , the Turkic Abbassid governor of Egypt from 868 -- 884 whose rule was characterized by de facto independence . The historian al-Maqrizi lists the mosque 's construction start date as 876 AD , and the mosque 's original inscription slab identifies the date of completion as 265 AH , or 879 AD . The mosque was constructed on a small hill called Gebel Yashkur , `` The Hill of Thanksgiving . '' One local legend says that it is here that Noah 's Ark came to rest after the Deluge , instead of at Mount Ararat . The grand ceremonial mosque was intended as the focal point of Ibn Ţūlūn 's capital , al-Qata ` i , which served as the center of administration for the Tulunid dynasty . The mosque originally was backed by ibn Ţūlūn 's palace , and a door adjacent to the minbar allowed him direct entry to the mosque . Al-Qata ' i was razed in the early 10th century , AD , and the mosque is the only surviving structure . The mosque was constructed in the Samarran style common with Abbasid constructions . The mosque is constructed around a courtyard , with one covered hall on each of the four sides , the largest being on the side of the qibla , or direction to Mecca . The original mosque had its ablution fountain ( sabil ) in the area between the inner and outer walls . A distinctive sabil with a high drum dome was added in the central courtyard at the end of the thirteenth century by the Sultan Lajīn . There is significant controversy over the date of construction of the minaret , which features a helical outer staircase similar to that of the famous minaret in Samarra . It is also told that using these stairs one can climb up on a horse . Legend has it that ibn Ţūlūn himself was accidentally responsible for the design of the structure : supposedly while sitting with his officials , he absentmindedly wound a piece of parchment around his finger . When someone asked him what he was doing , he responded , embarrassed , that he was designing his minaret . Many of the architectural features , however , point to a later construction , in particular the way in which the minaret does not connect well with the main mosque structure , something that would have been averted had the minaret and mosque been built at the same time . Architectural historian Doris Behrens-Abouseif asserts that Sultan Lajīn , who restored the mosque in 1296 , was responsible for the construction of the current minaret . The mosque has been restored several times . The first known restoration was in 1177 under orders of the Fatimid wazir Badr al-Jamālī , who left a second inscription slab on the mosque , which is noted for containing the Shī ' ī version of the shahada , adding the phrase `` And Ali is the wali of God '' after acknowledging the oneness of God and the prophethood of Muhammad . Sultan Lajīn 's restoration of 1296 added several improvements . The mosque was most recently restored by the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities in 2004 . During the medieval period , several houses were built up against the outside walls of the mosque . Most were demolished in 1928 by the Committee for the Conservation of Arab Monuments , however , two of the oldest and best-preserved homes were left intact . The `` house of the Cretan woman '' ( Bayt al-Kritliyya ) and the Beit Amna bint Salim , were originally two separate structures , but a bridge at the third floor level was added at some point , combining them into a single structure . The house , accessible through the outer walls of the mosque , is open to the public as the Gayer-Anderson Museum , named after the British general R.G. ` John ' Gayer-Anderson , who lived there until 1942 . Parts of the James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me were filmed at the mosque . The mosque is featured in the game Serious Sam 3 : BFE , forming a significant part of the game 's third level .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "169897f0cac6f5eb3a0b1bd0d860235f", "text": "Shuraih Al-Qadhi Shuraih ibn al-Hârith ibn Qays ibn al-Jahm al-Kindî accepted Islam in Yemen during the lifetime of Muhammad though he never met him . During the reign of Abû Bakr al-Siddîq , he relocated to Kufah in Iraq . `` Umar appointed him to be the judge of Kufah and he was very young at the time . Abû Nu`aym relates from Umm Dâwûd al-Wâbishiyyah that `` people took their disputes before Shuraih at a time when he still had no beard . '' It is said that he spent sixty years in that office . He also served as judge in Basra for a year . He succeeded Abdullah ibn Masood as the Qadi of Kufa . He was well known throughout the country for his intelligence and keen sense of judgment . He was regarded as a model judge . Ali used to call him iiAqd-ul-Arabi , that is the most judicious of all the judges of Arabia . Shuraih was known for his extensive knowledge of Islamic law and respected for his good judgment . The caliphs showed deference to him . Caliph Mu ` âwiyah then transferred him to Damascus . On account of this , Shuraih became known as `` the Judge of the Two Great Cities '' . He retired from office only a year before his death , and he is supposed to have lived to the age of 108 or 110 . It is related that , `` Alî assembled the people in the public square , saying : ' I am going to leave you , so assemble in the public square . ' The people came and began to petition him with their questions until they were finished and no one remained but Shuraih , who sat upon his knees and began to ask him . ` Alî said : `` Go , for indeed you are the most knowledgeable of Arabs in matters of judicial verdicts . '' -LSB- Hilyah al-Awliyâ ' ( 4/134 ) -RSB- Once a woman came to ` Alî with a case against her husband in a matter of divorce . After she presented her case to him , ` Alî turned to Shuraih and said : `` Judge between them . '' Shuraih said : `` O Commander of the Faithful ! ( Should I presume to do so ) while you are right here ? '' ` Alî repeated : `` Judge between them . '' Shurayh was renowned for his impeccable sense of justice and for holding all people equal before the law . About Shuraih 's appointment as a judge , it is related that Umar purchased a horse on approval , and gave it to somebody to try it . The horse got hurt in the ride , and Umar wanted to return it , but the owner refused to take it back . In the dispute that arose as a consequence , Shuraih was chosen as the arbitrator . He gave the verdict that if the horse was ridden with the permission of the owner it could be returned ; otherwise not . Umar said that that was the right decision and at once appointed Shuraih as the Qadi of Kufa . Another well known incidence records Ali 's shield being stolen . Ali recognised his shield when he saw it in the possession of a Jew . He instituted a claim in the court of Qadhi Shuraih who asked that Ali produce his witnesses to prove his claim . Ali presented his son and then his emancipated slave . According to Qadhi Shuraih the testimony of a son in favour of his father or an emancipated slave was not admissible , hence he ordered Ali to present another witness . When Ali was unable to do so , Qadhi Shuraih dismissed his original claim to the shield . Ali , the caliph of the time , emerged from the court cheerfully . On seeing this high degree of justice where the leader of the Muslim world could lose a case in the face of a just ruling , the Jew recited the Muslim testification of faith embraced Islam . He later presented the shield to Ali saying that he did indeed steal the shield and that it did belonged to him . Ali responded : `` I have made it a gift for you '' . Thereafter the Jew remained perpetually in the company of Ali and was martyred in the battle of Siffeen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c28198f8ef9a08690191fe970aba20d8", "text": "Ali Ali ( -LSB- ˈɑːli , _ ɑːˈliː -RSB- -LSB- علي , ʿAlī -RSB- , -LSB- ʕaliː -RSB- ; 15 September 601 -- 29 January 661 ) was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad , the prophet of Islam . He ruled over the Caliphate from 656 to 661 , and was Imam of Shia Islam from 632 to 661 . Born to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad , ` Ali was the only person born in the sacred sanctuary of the Ka ` bah in Mecca , the holiest place in Islam , according to many classical Islamic sources , especially Shia ones . ` Ali was the first young male who accepted Islam . After migrating to Medina , he married Muhammad 's daughter Fatimah . Ali took part in the early caravan raids from Mecca and later in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community . He was appointed caliph by Muhammad 's Companions ( Sahaba ) in 656 , after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated . ` Ali 's reign saw civil wars and in 661 , he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa , dying two days later . ` Ali is important to various Sunni and Shi`ite denominations politically , legislatively and spiritually . The numerous biographical sources about Ali are often biased due to sectarianism , but they agree that he was a pious Muslim , devoted to the cause of Islam and a just ruler in accordance with the Qur ' an and the Sunnah . While Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun ( rightly guided ) caliphs , Shi`ites regard ` Ali as the first Imam after Muhammad due to their interpretation of the events at Ghadir Khumm . Shias also believe that ` Ali and the other Shi`ite Imams ( all of whom are members of the Ahl al-Bayt , Muhammad 's household ) are the rightful successors to Muhammad . This disagreement split the Ummah ( Muslim community ) into the Sunni and Shia branches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3055a3ee0e9a3c478675e2aabd192dac", "text": "Al-Baqi Jannat al-Baqi ` ( -LSB- جنة البقيع , Jannat al-Baqī ` , lit = Garden of Baqi -RSB- ) is a cemetery in Medina , present-day Saudi Arabia , located to the southeast of the Masjid al-Nabawi ( The Prophet 's Mosque ) . The mosque is built where the Islamic prophet Muhammad used to live , and is currently buried . It is also known as Baqi al-Gharqad , which means `` Baqi of the Boxthorn '' . The cemetery holds much significance . It contains many of Muhammad 's relatives and companions . Many traditions relate Muhammad issuing a prayer every time he passed it . A Jewish graveyard was once located behind Jannat al-Baqi . The Umayyad rulers took down the wall of the Jewish cemetery and widened the Muslim graveyard to enclose the tomb of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan within it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c237b451824f69f9bdb0ec1d440c2d18", "text": "Migration to Abyssinia The Migration to Abyssinia ( الهجرة إلى الحبشة , al-hijra ʾilā al-habaša ) , also known as the First Hegira ( هِجْرَة hijrah ) , was an episode in the early history of Islam , where Prophet Muhammad 's first followers ( the Sahabah ) fled from the persecution of the ruling Quraysh tribe of Mecca . They sought refuge in the Christian Kingdom of Aksum , present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea ( formerly referred to as Abyssinia , a name derived from the Arabic Al-Habash ) , in or . The Aksumite monarch who received them is known in Islamic sources as the Negus ( نجاشي najāšī ) Ashama ibn Abjar . Modern historians have alternatively identified him with King Armah and Ella Tsaham . Some of the exiles returned to Mecca and made the hijra to Medina with Muhammad , while others remained in Abyssinia until they came to Medina in 628 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a58af3cccf784df073414f1aee42607", "text": "Hejaz The Hejaz , also Al-Hijaz ( اَلْـحِـجَـاز , , literally `` the Barrier '' ) , is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia . The region is so called as it separates the land of the Najd in the east from the land of Tihamah in the west . It is also known as the `` Western Province . '' It is bordered on the west by the Red Sea , on the north by Jordan , on the east by the Najd , and on the south by ` Asir Region . Its main city is Jeddah , but it is probably better known for the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina . As the site of Islam 's holiest places , the Hejaz has significance in the Arab and Islamic historical and political landscape . Historically , the Hejaz has always seen itself as separate from the rest of Saudi Arabia . The Hejaz is the most populated region in Saudi Arabia ; 35 % of all Saudis live in Hejaz . Hejazi Arabic is the most widely spoken dialect in the region . Saudi Hejazis are of ethnically diverse origins . The Hejaz is the most cosmopolitan region in the Arabian Peninsula . People of Hejaz have the most strongly articulated identity of any regional grouping in Saudi Arabia . Their place of origin alienates them from the Saudi state , which invokes different narratives of the history of the Arabian Peninsula . Thus , Hejazis experienced tensions with people of Najd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd60639cf3dbd109f04c1ecdfe6c5645", "text": "Muhammad's wives Muhammad 's wives or Wives of Muhammad were the eleven women ( not including his two concubines ) married to the Islamic prophet Muhammad . Muslims refer to them as Mothers of the Believers ( Arabic : أمهات المؤمنين Ummahāt al-Muʾminīn ) . Muslims use the term prominently before or after referring to them as a sign of respect . The term is derived from : Muhammad 's life is traditionally delineated as two epochs : pre-hijra ( emigration ) in Mecca , a city in western Arabia , from the year 570 to 622 , and post-hijra in Medina , from 622 until his death in 632 . All but two of his marriages were contracted after the Hijra ( migration to Medina ) . Of Muhammad 's thirteen `` wives '' , at least two , Rayhana bint Zayd and Maria al-Qibtiyya , were actually only concubines ; however , there is debate among Muslims as to whether these two became his wives . Of his thirteen wives and/or concubines only two bore him children , a fact which has been described as `` curious '' by Cornell University Professor of Near Eastern Studies David S. Powers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02ee34b65ec5fd4f33bde4a17e7ce018", "text": "Surah A Surah ( -LSB- ˈsʊərə -RSB- also spelled Sura ; سورة , plural سور suwar ) is the term for a chapter of the Qur ` an . There are 114 Surahs in the Qur ` an , each divided into verses . The chapters or suras are of unequal length , the shortest chapter ( Al-Kawthar ) has only three ayat ( verses ) while the longest ( Al-Baqara ) contains 286 verses . Of the 114 chapters in the Qur ` an , 87 are classified as Meccan , while 27 are Medinan . This classification is only approximate in regard to location of revelation ; any chapter revealed after migration of Muhammad to Medina ( Hijrah ) is termed Medinan and any revealed before that event is termed Meccan . The Meccan chapters generally deal with faith and scenes of the Hereafter while the Medinan chapters are more concerned with organizing the social life of the nascent Muslim community and leading Muslims to the goal of Dar al-Islam by showing strength . Except for sura At-Tawba , all chapters or suras commence with ` In the Name of God , the Merciful , the Compassionate ' . This formula is known as the Bismillah and denotes the boundaries between chapters . The chapters are arranged roughly in order of descending size ; therefore the arrangement of the Qur ` an is neither chronological nor thematic . Suras ( chapters ) are recited during the standing portions ( Qiyam ) of Muslim prayers . Sura Al-Fatiha , the first chapter of the Qur ` an , is recited in every unit of prayer and some units of prayer also involve recitation of all or part of any other sura .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e95218bd3021366dd22076e9f4c2b2f", "text": "Umama bint Abdulmuttalib Umama ( or Umayma ) bint Abdul Muttalib was an aunt of Muhammad . She was born in Mecca , the daughter of Abdul Muttalib ibn Hashim and Fatimah bint Amr al-Makhzumiya . She married Jahsh ibn Riyab , an immigrant from the Asad ibn Khuzayma tribe , and they had six children . Abdullah . Ubaydullah . Zaynab , later a wife of Muhammad . Abd , who was always known as an adult by his kunya , Abu Ahmad . Habiba , also known as Umm Habib . Hamna . It is not recorded that Umama ever became a Muslim , and she did not accompany her children on their Hijra to Medina in 622 . She was still alive in 628 , when Muhammad assigned her an annual pension of 40 wasqs of dates from Khaybar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8561df0c00c2ae3be9f4fa4ab964d7a9", "text": "Mosque of Bani Haram Mosque of Bani Haram is one of the historic mosques in Medina , Saudi Arabia . It stands in the area where the tribe of Bani Haram lived , and it was used as a base camp during the Battle of the Trench . It is also believed to be the place where the Islamic prophet Muhammad stopped by for prayer during digging of a trench before the battle . The house of Jabir ibn Abd Allah , one of Muhammad 's companions , was located here , and several accounts of miracles are considered to be witnessed in his house .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "057dc19851baca6fc2ee45da309aa116", "text": "Hanbali The Hanbali school is one of the four orthodox Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence ( fiqh ) . It is named after the Iraqi scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal ( d. 855 ) , and was institutionalized by his students . The Hanbali madhhab is the smallest of four major Sunni schools , the others being the Hanafi , Maliki and Shafi`i . Hanbali school derives Sharia predominantly from the Quran , the Hadiths ( sayings and customs of Muhammad ) , and the views of Sahabah ( Muhammad 's companions ) . In cases where there is no clear answer in sacred texts of Islam , the Hanbali school does not accept jurist discretion or customs of a community as a sound basis to derive Islamic law , a method that Hanafi and Maliki Sunni fiqhs accept . Hanbali school is the strict traditionalist school of jurisprudence in Sunni Islam . It is found primarily in Saudi Arabia and Qatar , where it is the official fiqh . Hanbali followers are the demographic majority in four emirates of UAE ( Sharjah , Umm al-Quwain , Ras al-Khaimah and Ajman ) . Large minorities of Hanbali followers are also found in Bahrain , Oman and Yemen and within Iraqi and Jordanian bedouins . The Hanbali school experienced a reformation in the Wahhabi-Salafist movement . Historically the school was small ; during the 18th to early-20th century Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Al Saud greatly aided its propagation around the world by way of their interpretation of the school 's teachings . As a result of this , the school 's name has become a controversial one in certain quarters of the Islamic world due to the influence he is believed by some to have had upon these teachings , which cites Ibn Hanbal as a principal influence along with the thirteenth-century Hanbali reformer Ibn Taymiyyah . However , it has been argued by certain scholars that Ibn Hanbal 's own beliefs actually played `` no real part in the establishment of the central doctrines of Wahhabism , '' as there is evidence , according to the same authors , that `` the older Hanbalite authorities had doctrinal concerns very different from those of the Wahhabis , '' rich as medieval Hanbali literature is in references to saints , grave visitation , miracles , and relics . Historically , the Hanbali school was treated as simply another valid interpretation of Islamic law , and many prominent medieval Sufis , such as Abdul Qadir Jilani , were Hanbali jurists and mystics at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dccb3fb8eff35a07f2264787bbc2eb3d", "text": "Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib Abū Ṭālib ibn ` Abd al-Muṭṭalib , née ` Imran عِـمـران ) or ` Abd Manaf , was the leader of Banu Hashim , a clan of the Qurayshi tribe of Mecca in the Hijaz , Arabian Peninsula . After the death of his father ` Abd al-Muttalib , he inherited this position and the offices of Siqaya and Rifada . He was well respected in Mecca despite a declining fortune . Abu Talib was an uncle of the Islamic Nabi ( نَـبِي , Prophet ) Muhammad , and father of the Rashid Caliph ` Ali , who is also regarded as the first Shi'ite Imam . There is a great debate among Muslim scholars on whether he died a Muslim or a non-Muslim . .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c83c0e07880a171e45efa7d10d1a0cc", "text": "Rahmanism Raḥmānism ( from Old South Arabian rḥmn-n `` the Merciful '' ) ( Ar : الرحمن ) ( Musnad : ð © § ð © cents ð © # ð © ¬ ) refers to one or more monotheistic religions which ousted the polytheistic Old South Arabian religion from the 4th century AD . Since the sole indication of Raḥmānism is the mention of a monotheistic God , it is difficult to establish whether Raḥmānism is an homogenous religion or whether it can be identified with another monotheist From the second half of the fourth century the `` Merciful '' ( Old South Arabian rḥmn-n , where the - n is the definite article ) and `` the Lord of Heaven and Earth '' are increasingly invoked . A number of inscriptions as well as archaeological synagogues show that Judaism had played an important role in South Arabia since the 4th Century , but it is not clear whether all the Raḥmānist inscriptions of this time should be construed as Jewish ; at the same time it is conceivable that Raḥmānism also involved an autochthonous monotheistic religion in its own right . Distinct references to Christians in South Arabia are found at the beginning of the 6th century when a Christian community in the city of Najrān fell victim to a pogrom initiated by the Jewish king Yūsuf Asʾar Yathʾar . Some consider this event politically motivated while others claim it to be the result of religious zeal . The slaughter is probably that which is alluded to in the Quranic reference to the ` People of the Ditch ( Aṣḥābu Ukhdūd ) , which describes a group of people being thrust into a ditch of fire because of their faith . Apart from being the word for ` ditch ' Ukhdūd is also the name of a place just south-west of modern Najrān . As a result of this massacre the Christian Aksumite Kingdom marched into South Arabia and enforced Christianity as the official religion , which was then supplanted by Islam in 632 . Christian communities are documented right up till the 13th century in Najrān and till the 16th century in Soqotra . Christian communities are documented ; Jewish communities persist until today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7ac76ce17323da16f07f25d2b16e230", "text": "Hajj The Hajj ( -LSB- hædʒ -RSB- -LSB- `` pilgrimage '' ) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca , the most holy city of the Muslims , and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey , and can support their family during their absence . It is one of the five pillars of Islam , alongside Shahadah , Salat , Zakat , and Sawm . The Hajj is the largest annual gathering of people in the world . The state of being physically and financially capable of performing the Hajj is called istita'ah , and a Muslim who fulfills this condition is called a mustati . The Hajj is a demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people , and their submission to God ( Allah ) . The word Hajj means `` to intend a journey '' , which connotes both the outward act of a journey and the inward act of intentions . The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th ( or in some cases 13th ) of Dhu al-Hijjah , the last month of the Islamic calendar . Because the Islamic calendar is lunar and the Islamic year is about eleven days shorter than the Gregorian year , the Gregorian date of Hajj changes from year to year . Ihram is the name given to the special spiritual state in which pilgrims wear two white sheets of seamless cloth and abstain from certain actions . The Hajj is associated with the life of Islamic prophet Muhammad from the 7th century , but the ritual of pilgrimage to Mecca is considered by Muslims to stretch back thousands of years to the time of Abraham . During Hajj , pilgrims join processions of hundreds of thousands of people , who simultaneously converge on Mecca for the week of the Hajj , and perform a series of rituals : each person walks counter-clockwise seven times around the Ka'aba ( the cube-shaped building and the direction of prayer for the Muslims ) , runs back and forth between the hills of Al-Safa and Al-Marwah , drinks from the Zamzam Well , goes to the plains of Mount Arafat to stand in vigil , spends a night in the plain of Muzdalifa , and performs symbolic stoning of the devil by throwing stones at three pillars . The pilgrims then shave their heads , perform a ritual of animal sacrifice , and celebrate the three-day global festival of Eid al-Adha . Pilgrims can also go to Mecca to perform the rituals at other times of the year . This is sometimes called the `` lesser pilgrimage '' , or Umrah . However , even if they choose to perform the Umrah , they are still obligated to perform the Hajj at some other point in their lifetime if they have the means to do so , because Umrah is not a substitute for Hajj .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "450cc3379e7b99c067920e577cd5cc92", "text": "Harb tribe Harb `` War '' is a large Sunni Tribe in the Arabian peninsula . There is no official tribe population count but it is estimated to be approximately four million in Saudi Arabia . It is originally a Qahtani tribe . Several authentic sources on Arab tribes genealogy state that the great-grandfather of Harb tribe is Harb ibn Saad ibn Saad ibn Khawlan ibn Amr ibn Qadha'ah ibn Himyar ibn Qahtan . Harb tribal lands extend from the Red Sea coast in Tihamah ( Western Part of Saudi Arabia ) to the heart of Najd in the central region of Saudi Arabia , and from North the Harbi lands extend from Madinah ( a holy city for Muslims ) to Al Qunfudhah in the south . The tribe 's reach extends to other countries like Kuwait , Iraq , Egypt and UAE . The origins of Harb tribe came from the 2nd century of the Islamic calendar . When Qahtani tribes emigrated from the south of Arabian Peninsula to Hijaz around 131 AH for water and land space after some battles with their cousins Banu Ar-Rabi ` ah bin Saad . As a result , this caused several tribal conflicts with the native and mostly Adnani Arab tribes of Hijaz and Tihamah such as Juhainah , Inazah , Muzianah , and Sulaim over land and water . After around three centuries in Hijaz , Harb tribe became a dominant tribe in the heart of Hijaz with territories surrounding the holy city of Medina . It is important to note that Harb now , like many other Arabian tribes , is a federation of tribes and families , a good example is that Muzaynah in Saudi Arabia are considered from Harb but it is well known that it was a tribe of its own with a known presence in Hijaz in the Pre-Islamic Arabia as well as the time of the Prophet Muhammed -- i.e. , before the origin of Harb tribe in Hijaz . Currently , many of the tribe sons have migrated in recent decades to the three major metropolitan centers of Saudi Arabia , namely Riyadh , Jeddah , and Dammam , in search of better education and employment . One of the main branches of the tribe such as Banu Shaker left al Hejaz and set off to the west coasts of Palestine to start business in agriculture . For the coast of Palestine is well known all around the world for its fertile soil . Banu Shaker that trace there ancestry to Al Hassan Al Muthana are also known to be the Abunamous and Al Shaker Families from Yaffa or Jaffa have developed their reputation of being prominent landowners in Yaffa city In the Arab World outside of Saudi Arabia , the Harb family became prominent in the Christian population of Ramallah , Palestine .", "title": "" } ]	fever
efaaaeb11445c5fdb6102412214bc7b7	Anne Hathaway had a role.	[ { "docid": "1b2c6050c18eaccd08c37fed6c588d37", "text": "Anne Hathaway Anne Jacqueline Hathaway ( born November 12 , 1982 ) is an American actress and singer . Born in Brooklyn , New York and brought up in Millburn , New Jersey , Hathaway was inspired to act by her mother and as a high school student was nominated for the Paper Mill Playhouse Rising Star Award for Best Performance by a High School Actress for her performance in Once Upon a Mattress . She made her professional screen debut in the short-lived Fox television series Get Real ( 1999 -- 2000 ) , before landing the lead role of Mia Thermopolis in the Disney comedy film The Princess Diaries ( 2001 ) , for which she won the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Comedy . Hathaway went on to become a widely praised `` role model for children '' for her roles in Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , Ella Enchanted ( 2004 ) , The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement ( 2004 ) , and Hoodwinked ! ( 2005 ) . Hathaway began to transition to more adult roles in 2005 , winning a DVD Exclusive Award for Best Actress for Havoc ( 2005 ) , receiving a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for her role in the critically acclaimed Brokeback Mountain ( 2005 ) , garnering further recognition for appearing alongside Meryl Streep in The Devil Wears Prada ( 2006 ) , and earning a BIFA nomination for Best Performance by an Actress for her portrayal of Jane Austen in Becoming Jane ( 2007 ) . Hathaway received praise for her performance as a recovering drug addict in Rachel Getting Married ( 2008 ) , for which she won the Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy , Golden Globe , Screen Actors Guild , and Indie Spirit Awards for Best Actress / Female Lead . She went on to win her second Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Comedy for starring in Bride Wars ( 2009 ) and in 2010 , appeared in the box office hits Valentine 's Day , Alice in Wonderland and Love & Other Drugs , which earned her the Satellite Award for Best Actress and a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical . In 2011 , Hathaway voiced Jewel in the animated film Rio and hosted the 83rd Academy Awards with James Franco , which was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program . In 2012 , she portrayed Catwoman in Christopher Nolan 's The Dark Knight Rises , for which she won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress . The same year , she starred as Fantine in Tom Hooper 's Les Misérables , which earned her widespread acclaim and she won the Academy , Golden Globe , BAFTA , and SAG Awards for Best Supporting Actress . Hathaway has since gone on to appear in Rio 2 ( 2014 ) , Interstellar ( 2014 ) , The Intern ( 2015 ) , and reprised her role as the White Queen in Alice Through the Looking Glass ( 2016 ) . People magazine named Hathaway one of its breakthrough stars of 2001 , and she appeared on its list of the world 's 50 Most Beautiful People in 2006 . Following a four-year relationship with real estate developer Raffaello Follieri , Hathaway married Adam Shulman in 2012 , with whom she has one son , born in March 2016 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b0e522a6de2d1481d2d1f51c2cb54538", "text": "Abie's Irish Rose Abie 's Irish Rose is a popular comedy by Anne Nichols familiar from stage productions , films and radio programs . The basic premise involves an Irish Catholic girl and a young Jewish man who marry despite the objections of their families .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ef316d886221ddbb376735b93128054", "text": "Calamity Anne's Love Affair Calamity Anne 's Love Affair is a 1914 American silent short Western directed by Tom Ricketts starring Charlotte Burton and Louise Lester as Calamity Anne . Also starring George Field , Edith Borella and B. Reeves Eason . It is the final film in the Calamity Anne series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44b4f109a6f98f07abff559e204e34fc", "text": "Anne Bloom Anne Bloom ( born January 1 ( New Year 's Day ) , 1947 , in Los Angeles ) is an American former film and television actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3284f22a42fa359ab6071be027fd0757", "text": "Anne Hill (disambiguation) Anne Hill is a hill . Anne Hill may also refer to : Queen Anne Hill , Seattle Anne Hill Carter Lee , ne Anne Hill , first lady of Virginia Anne Hill ( novelist ) , pseudonym by Netta Muskett", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e225048399f034d939dc257ee6cd8a9", "text": "Heat and Dust (film) Heat and Dust is a 1983 romantic drama film with a screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala based upon her novel , Heat and Dust . It was directed by James Ivory and produced by Ismail Merchant . It stars Greta Scacchi , Shashi Kapoor and Julie Christie . The plot of Heat and Dust follows two intertwined stories . The first is set in the 1920s and deals with an illicit affair between Olivia , the beautiful young wife of a British colonial official , and an Indian Nawab . The second , set in 1982 , deals with Anne , Olivia 's great-niece , who travels to India hoping to find out about her great-aunt 's life , and while there also has an affair with an Indian man . Heat and Dust forms part of a cycle of film and television productions which emerged during the first half of the 1980s , reflecting Britain 's growing interest in the British Raj . In addition to Heat and Dust , this cycle included Gandhi ( 1982 ) , The Jewel in the Crown ( 1984 ) , The Far Pavilions ( 1984 ) and A Passage to India ( 1984 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "964acfaeab4ca9cb1173c78461157c78", "text": "Bel Ami (1955 film) Bel Ami is a 1955 historical drama film directed by Louis Daquin and starring Anne Vernon , Renée Faure and Jean Danet . It was a co-production between Austria , France and East Germany . The film was shot in the Soviet-controlled Rosenhügel Studios in Vienna . It is an adaptation of the novel Bel Ami by Guy de Maupassant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95538a900d63c4f1eb4ff3394003ebd", "text": "Algiers (film) Algiers is a 1938 American drama film directed by John Cromwell and starring Charles Boyer , Sigrid Gurie , and Hedy Lamarr . Written by John Howard Lawson , the film is about a notorious French jewel thief hiding in the labyrinthine native quarter of Algiers known as the Casbah . Feeling imprisoned by his self-imposed exile , he is drawn out of hiding by a beautiful French tourist who reminds him of happier times in Paris . The Walter Wanger production was a remake of the successful 1937 French film Pépé le Moko , which derived its plot from the Henri La Barthe novel of the same name . Algiers was a sensation because it was the first Hollywood film starring Hedy Lamarr , whose beauty became the main attraction for film audiences . The film is notable as one of the sources of inspiration to the screenwriters of the 1942 Warner Bros. film Casablanca who wrote it with Hedy Lamarr in mind as the original female lead . Charles Boyer 's depiction of the main character , Pepe Le Moko , inspired the Warner Bros. animated character , Pepé Le Pew . In 1966 , the film entered the public domain ( in the USA ) due to the claimants ' failure to renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after publication .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7daebfd1688b4ca1785b80af73bf4e9e", "text": "Arrowhead (1953 film) Arrowhead is a 1953 western Technicolor film directed by Charles Marquis Warren and starring Charlton Heston and Jack Palance . The film is based on the novel Adobe Walls by W.R.Burnett . The screenplay was also by Charles Marquis Warren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bad2c689f0040f4e20a4f63933573ffb", "text": "At the Drop of Another Hat At the Drop of Another Hat is musical revue by Flanders and Swann , similar in format to its long-running predecessor , At the Drop of a Hat ( 1956 ) . In the show , they both sang on a nearly bare stage , accompanied by Swann on the piano . The songs were linked by contemporary social commentary , mostly by Flanders . Highlights included `` Ill Wind '' , in which Flanders sings rapidly about a pilfered horn to the tune of the Rondo from Mozart 's Horn Concerto No. 4 and `` New Built Up Area '' , a soliloquy by Flanders in which a disgruntled resident of Salisbury Plain complains of the newly erected Stonehenge . The revue premiered at the Haymarket Theatre in London on 2 October 1963 and ran until 21 March 1964 . It was revived on the West End , at the Globe Theatre , from 29 September 1965 to 19 February 1966 . The show toured widely , including tours in Australia ( 1964 ) , Hong Kong and England ( 1965 ) and in 1966 Canada and the US . A Broadway production played at the Booth Theatre from 31 December 1966 to 9 April 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa6dfae738c15cdf5b206b6fb2c0b2d1", "text": "Ann Vickers Ann Vickers is a 1933 novel by Sinclair Lewis . It is made into a 1933 drama film of the same name directed by John Cromwell , adapted by Jane Murfin , and starring Irene Dunne , Bruce Cabot , Walter Huston , and Conrad Nagel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcb3a64abd376ab35e4be4782d8eb705", "text": "Anne One Hundred Anne One Hundred is a 1933 British drama film directed by Henry Edwards and starring Betty Stockfeld , Gyles Isham and Dennis Wyndham . It was based on the play Anne One Hundred Percent by Sewell Collins . It was made at Elstree Studios as a quota quickie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c122069a46dc816d48ad0ac2e2a72f8b", "text": "Anne of Avonlea (1975 film) Anne of Avonlea is a film made for television 4-part mini-series , developed in the United Kingdom by the BBC . It is based on Anne of Avonlea , the sequel to Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8dea715a1bd1eecb7a565ddf9af81824", "text": "Never Never Land (film) Never Never Land is a 1980 British drama film directed by Paul Annett and starring Petula Clark , Cathleen Nesbitt , John Castle , and Anne Seymour . It is named after Neverland , the magical setting of the classic children 's tales of Peter Pan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1865bbafa59476d0a042a780350d9c0", "text": "Elvi Hale Patricia Elvi Hake , born on 29 January 1931 , is a British actress who uses the name Elvi Hale professionally . Raised in Romford , Essex , she may be best known for playing Anne of Cleves in The Six Wives of Henry VIII , broadcast in 1970 . Hale was nominated for a BAFTA award for most promising film newcomer for her performance in Wendy Toye 's True as a Turtle ( 1957 ) . She retired from film and television work in 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b50cccd59633508b3d645b0f43ac4c5", "text": "Fanshawe (novel) Fanshawe is a novel written by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne . It was his first published work , which he published anonymously in 1828 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69ee4f88ae558dc6473559b35c200be9", "text": "Ann Firbank Ann Firbank is a veteran actress of film , television , and stage whose career extends from 1956 . One of Firbank 's more notable roles is her 1971 portrayal of Anne Elliot in the serial Persuasion , an adaptation of Jane Austen 's novel of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bc66dd157864e1592094b1e60592e92", "text": "Girl Rising (film) Girl Rising is a movie produced by Kayce Freed , Tom Yellin and Holly Gordon at The Documentary Group in partnership with Paul G. Allen and Jody Allen of Vulcan Productions . It was directed by Academy Award nominee Richard E. Robbins and features narration by Anne Hathaway , Cate Blanchett , Selena Gomez , Liam Neeson , Priyanka Chopra , Chloë Grace Moretz , Freida Pinto , Salma Hayek , Meryl Streep , Alicia Keys and Kerry Washington . The movie tells the stories of nine girls from nine countries : ( Sierra Leone , Haiti , Ethiopia , Afghanistan , Peru , Egypt , Nepal , India and Cambodia ) . Each girl had her story written by a writer from her country and voiced by renowned actors . Their stories reflect their struggles to overcome societal or cultural barriers . The writers are Loung Ung ( Cambodia ) , Edwidge Danticat ( Haiti ) , Manjushree Thapa ( Nepal ) , Mona Eltahawy ( Egypt ) , Maaza Mengiste ( Ethiopia ) , Sooni Taraporevala ( India ) , Maria Arana ( Peru ) , Aminatta Forna ( Sierra Leone ) , Zarghuna Kargar ( Afghanistan ) . The girls ' names are Sokha ( Cambodia ) , Wadley ( Haiti ) , Suma ( Nepal ) , Yasmin ( Egypt ) , Azmera ( Ethiopia ) , Ruksana ( India ) , Senna ( Peru ) , Mariama ( Sierra Leone ) and Amina ( Afghanistan ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8297510517d822e4e2dd949eb38cb7d", "text": "Blairstown Theater Festival The Blairstown Theater Festival operated from December 2006 through November 2007 at historic Roy 's Hall ( also known as Roy 's Theatre ) , a former silent movie theater built in 1913 at 30 Main Street in Blairstown , New Jersey . On July 13 , 2007 , the company attracted considerable media attention when they presented three screenings of the classic horror film , Friday the 13th , which was shot in and around Blairstown in the fall of 1979 . Roy 's Hall appears in the film shortly after the opening credits . The company 's January 2007 production of Letters from the Inside was selected by The Star-Ledger as one of the top five new plays of the 2006 -- 2007 New Jersey theater season and actress Kelli Ambrose , who played Mandy in Letters from the Inside , was selected as one of the top five Best Leading Actresses in a Play . Among the other concerts and productions presented by the Blairstown Theater Festival were Nancy Anderson singing early Broadway songs backed by the Baroque Orchestra of North Jersey ( Baroque to Broadway ) , the Still River Band in Concert , Malachy McCourt and Jarlath Conroy in A Couple of Blaguards , Betsy Palmer and Will Hutchins in A.R. Gurney 's Love Letters , the New Jersey premiere of I Am Anne Frank , and concerts by cabaret performers KT Sullivan ( Vienna to Weimar ) , John O'Neil ( ` So Kaye ) , the Western Wind Vocal Ensemble ( Holiday Light ) , Cris Groenendaal ( Music of the Night ) , Jana Robbins ( One Hell of a Ride ! The Songs of Cy Coleman ) and jazz pianist Bill Mays and his Inventions Trio . The company also presented several film festivals with such classic titles as Gone with the Wind , Casablanca , Seven Samurai , Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein , A Night at the Opera , The Court Jester , -LSB- -LSB- Beauty and the Beast ( 1946 film ) \| La Belle et la Bête -RSB- -RSB- , Black Orpheus , Mon Oncle , The Wages of Fear and La Strada . The Blairstown Theater Festival was not able to continue past its first season for several reasons . Most significantly , Blairstown Township suddenly increased the real estate taxes on the building by more than 680 % ( from $ 1,031.55 to $ 7,032.30 ) and the landlord decided to sell the theatre . A CD featuring highlights from the Blairstown Theater Festival 's season was released in February 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a41fed86c284194dede7e133fb2f1051", "text": "Anne Elstner Anne Elstner Matthews ( January 22 , 1899 -- January 29 , 1981 ) was an American actress best known for her role in the radio soap opera Stella Dallas during its entire run from 1937 to 1955 . For 18 years , Elstner voiced the serial 's title character , described by The New York Times as `` the beautiful daughter of an impoverished farmhand who had married above her station in life . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
28a7fbe81e5f2317624fdafd47921f7c	Margot Kidder appeared on the children's television series R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour.	[ { "docid": "809db13198a6e148d521c7e60d87ec51", "text": "Margot Kidder Margaret Ruth `` Margot '' Kidder ( born October 17 , 1948 ) is a Canadian American actress and activist . She rose to fame in 1978 for her role as Lois Lane in the Superman film series , opposite Christopher Reeve . Kidder began her career in the 1960s appearing in low-budget Canadian films and television series , before landing a lead role in Quackser Fortune Has a Cousin in the Bronx ( 1970 ) . She then appeared playing Siamese twins in Brian De Palma 's cult thriller Sisters ( 1973 ) ; in the slasher film Black Christmas ( 1974 ) ; and the drama The Great Waldo Pepper ( 1975 ) , opposite Robert Redford . Her performance as Kathy Lutz in the blockbuster horror film The Amityville Horror ( 1979 ) gained her further mainstream exposure . After a highly publicized manic episode and nervous breakdown in 1996 , Kidder 's career began to slow . By the 2000s , however , she had maintained steady work in independent films as well as television , with guest-starring roles on Smallville , Brothers & Sisters , and The L Word . In 2015 , she won an Emmy Award for her performance on the children 's television series R.L. Stine 's The Haunting Hour . She has also acted in theatrical productions , most notably appearing on Broadway in a 2002 production of The Vagina Monologues . In 2005 , Kidder became a naturalized U.S. citizen . She is an outspoken political , environmental , and anti-war activist . She has also advocated the use of orthomolecular medicine , which she credits as having helped treat her bipolar disorder .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9c72c4cff7bdca743a56901b3400ef84", "text": "Wishbone (TV series) Wishbone is a half-hour live-action children 's television show that was produced from 1995 to 1998 and broadcast on PBS Kids . The show 's title character is a Jack Russell Terrier . Wishbone lives with his owner Joe Talbot in the fictional town of Oakdale , Texas . He daydreams about being the lead character of stories from classic literature . He was known as `` the little dog with a big imagination '' . Only the viewers and the characters in his daydreams can hear Wishbone speak . The characters from his daydreams see Wishbone as whichever famous character he is currently portraying and not as a dog . The show won four Daytime Emmys , a Peabody Award , and honors from the Television Critics Association . Wishbone '' 's exterior shots were filmed on the backlot of Lyrick Studios 's teen division Big Feats ! Entertainment in Allen , Texas , and its interior shots were filmed on a sound stage in a 50,000 square foot warehouse in Plano , Texas . Additional scenes were filmed in Grapevine , Texas . This show garnered particular praise for refusing to bowdlerize many of the sadder or more unpleasant aspects of the source works , which usually enjoyed a fairly faithful retelling in the fantasy sequences . The show also inspired several book series . Altogether , there are more than fifty books featuring Wishbone , which were published even after the TV series ended production . Reruns of the show continued to air on some PBS affiliates until early 2008 . In 2006 , when a PBS Kids Go ! digital channel was announced , PBS planned to air Wishbone on the channel . However , when the digital channel was canceled , Wishbone returned in reruns on the PBS national program service . Wishbone clips came to the PBS Kids Go ! website . The return to PBS lasted a short time , though some PBS affiliates continued to air Wishbone '' until their license to do so ran out . The show continued to air in reruns until August 31 , 2001 . The Show was replaced on the PBS Kids schedule on September 3 , 2001 by Sagwa The Chinese Siamese Cat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a04008321ca98f4865082271e0acb326", "text": "The First Nighter Program The First Nighter Program was a long-running radio anthology comedy-drama series broadcast from November 27 , 1930 , to September 27 , 1953 . The host was Mr. First Nighter ( Charles P. Hughes , Macdonald Carey , Bret Morrison , Marvin Miller , Don Briggs and Rye Billsbury -LSB- later known as Michael Rye -RSB- ) . An article in a 1939 newspaper observed , `` First Nighter was the first show to present complete and separate original plays each week . '' The show 's opening recreated the aural atmosphere of a Broadway opening . Before each week 's drama began , Mr. First Nighter was first heard walking on Broadway , emerging from the noise of people and street traffic into the crowded lobby of `` the Little Theater Off Times Square '' and then taking his seat in the third row center , where he gave the whispered introduction : The house lights have dimmed , and the curtain is about to go up on tonight 's production . Romantic comedies were the specialty of the series , and the principal roles were played by the teams of Don Ameche and June Meredith ( 1930 -- 36 ) , Ameche and Betty Lou Gerson ( 1935 -- 36 ) , Les Tremayne and Barbara Luddy ( 1936 -- 43 ) and Olan Soule and Luddy ( 1943 and after ) . Joseph T. Ainley produced and directed the series . The announcers were Larry Keating and Vincent Pelletier . Music was provided by `` The Famous First Nighter Orchestra '' , under the direction of Eric Sagerquist ( 1930 -- 44 ) , Caesar Petrillo ( 1945 -- 46 ) and Frank Worth ( 1947 -- 53 ) . The most popular episode may have been the annual Christmas episode , `` Little Town of Bethlehem , '' which was first performed in 1937 and every year afterwards at the request of the listening audience . Performing before a studio audience , the actors wore formal attire , with Luddy in a gown and Tremayne clad in evening clothes and top hat . Commercial breaks were signalled with the usher 's cry `` Smoking downstairs and in the outer lobby only , please ! '' , with the action resuming with a buzzer and the usher 's curtain call . The series ran on four radio networks in the following timeline : NBC Blue Network : 11/27/30 to 09/29/33 NBC Red Network : 10/06/33 to 02/12/37 CBS : 02/19/37 to 12/21/37 NBC Red Network : 01/07/38 to 08/26/38 CBS : 09/02/38 to 05/29/42 Mutual : 10/04/42 to 10/25/44 CBS : 10/20/45 to 04/13/46 and 10/04/47 to 10/20/49 NBC ( reruns ) : 04/27/52 to 09/27/53 The show was hosted by The Campana Company and solely featured commercials for their products . Due largely in part to this exposure , their Italian Balm became the best-selling hand lotion in the United States in the 1930s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ea203ee49603537eda00c8ef1f85ba3", "text": "Child actor The term child actor or child actress is generally applied to a child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television , but also to an adult who began his or her acting career as a child ; to avoid confusion , the latter is also called a former child actor . Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor , an actor who reached popularity as a teenager . Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults . Lindsay Lohan and Macaulay Culkin are two particular famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at a young age ; Lohan 's career resumed after an interruption of several years . Many child actors also become successful adult actors as well , an example being Mickey Rooney 's career that included both the popular 1935 film A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the popular 2011 film The Muppets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1588ebd5d2426ab892c79872674a617f", "text": "Take Hart Take Hart is a British children 's television show about art , presented by Tony Hart . It took over from Vision On , and ran from 1977 until 1983 . The show featured Hart and the animated Plasticine character Morph , and other characters created by David Sproxton like ` Smoulder the Moulder ' , which was a lump of mould which would create props by ` spraying ' them out of a spray can . The only other human to appear on a regular basis was Mr Bennett , the caretaker , played by Colin Bennett . The programme won a BAFTA award for Hart in 1984 . As well as demonstrating small-scale projects ( the type that viewers might be able to do ) , Hart also created large-scale artworks on the TV studio floor , and even used beaches and other open spaces as ` canvases ' ( to be viewed from a camera-crane ) . This idea was later adopted by Art Attack , which began in 1990 . A regular feature of the show was ` The Gallery ' , which displayed artworks sent in by young viewers . The easy-listening vibraphone music accompanying this feature - `` Left Bank Two '' , composed by Wayne Hill - has passed into British TV musical lore . In later series , `` Left Bank Two '' alternated with John Williams ' recording of `` Cavatina '' , which is also well-remembered by many viewers . By the end of the eighth series in December 1983 , Hart felt that the format of the show , which essentially continued with much of the format of its predecessor Vision On , had become somewhat outdated and routine . Despite the award of a BAFTA in early 1984 , viewing figures for Take Hart by 1983 had gradually fallen since the series ' heyday in the late 1970s . In an attempt to update the image of the series , Take Hart was dropped in December 1983 , and replaced by the relatively more popular series Hartbeat . Some 2 inch Quadruplex videotape master copies of Take Hart episodes were irretrievably junked by Adam Lee of the BBC archives in 1993 on the assumption that they were ` no use ' and that examples of some other episodes were sufficient . A few months later , access to the material was requested by the head of Children 's BBC 's light entertainment department for a documentary on Tony Hart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f64c41535b21aa9ce905f8ceb18950a0", "text": "Halloween (children's book) Halloween is a 2002 children 's book written by Jerry Seinfeld and illustrated by James Bennett . It is a humorous description of an American Halloween from a child 's point of view , from bad trick-or-treat candy to pajama-like costumes , based on the author 's childhood experiences .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "124ccd3f9e916317240ab7a8f218c9b1", "text": "The Magic Window The Magic Window ( also known as The House with the Magic Window ) was an American children 's television program broadcast on ABC affiliate WOI-TV in Ames , Iowa from 1951 to 1994 . With a run of 43 years , it was the longest running children 's television program in American history . ( Bozo 's Circus technically had a longer run ; however , it was made in many different local markets by different producers . ) Producer Dick Hartzell and WOI TV artist Joy ( Ringham ) Munn developed the show as an educational children 's program , which featured handicraft activities , news items , and birthday recognition for the children viewing the show . Joy co-hosted the show with Craighton Knau for the first season ( 1951-1952 ) , which was 30 minutes long and aired 3 times per week . During the second season , she became the sole host of the program . For that season the show was 15 minutes long and aired 5 days per week . Joy left the show in 1953 . For all but the first three years of the show , it was hosted by Betty Lou Varnum , another pioneer in central-Iowa broadcasting . Betty Lou Varnum , who is best known for The Magic Window , but was versatile enough to host such other shows as a teen dance party , election coverage , and a call in ` issues ' show , hosted the show , along with a cast of puppets such as Gregory Lion , Dusty the Unicorn , and Catrina Crocodile . The heart of the show was Betty Lou teaching kids a new craft each episode ( using kid-safe items such as construction paper , safety scissors , and cellophane tape ) . The puppets would help out by opening the curtain to the screen on which various featurettes were shown . These included episodes from Tales of the Riverbank , Felix the Cat , and a series called `` Let 's Be Friends '' which introduced viewers to a child from another city or country , sharing their culture and lifestyle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c965c4336abfaa9e3cadd5e58a5b1edb", "text": "Soap opera rapid aging syndrome Soap opera rapid aging syndrome ( SORAS ) is the practice of accelerating the age of a television or film character ( usually a child or teenager ) in conflict with the timeline of a series and/or the real-world progression of time . This allows for , for instance , storylines around a pregnancy and birth to be relatively quickly followed by storylines around the travails of that child as a teenager or young adult . This is usually accomplished by recasting the actor playing the part , although in some cases the character is not shown onscreen , only mentioned , until after they have been `` rapidly aged '' . The process originated ( and is most commonly used ) in daytime soap operas , though it is also sometimes used in prime time shows . On sitcoms , a newborn infant character is sometimes aged quickly into a kindergartner , for greater comic potential , as was done with the character Chrissy Seaver on Growing Pains in 1990 . The term was coined by Soap Opera Weekly founding editor-in-chief Mimi Torchin in the early days of the magazine , which began publishing in 1989 . It is now widely used in the soap opera media and is sometimes used as a verb as well ( `` the character was SORASed '' ) . Torchin has jokingly called it `` my one greatest contribution to the world of soap operas . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6848cebee387d3e5da9d44ad4427f06d", "text": "List of Rainbow (TV series) episodes Rainbow is a British children 's television series , created by Pamela Lonsdale , which ran between five times weekly , twice weekly and once weekly at 12:10 on Tuesdays and Fridays on the ITV network , from 16 October 1972 to 31 December 1992 ( with repeated episodes only continuing to be shown after March 1992 until December 1992 ) . It was intended to develop language and number skills for pre-school children , and went on to win the Society of Film and Television Arts Award for Best Children 's Programme in 1975 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26b859d4706b58417dc115d2e4afc627", "text": "List of local children's television series (United States) The following is a list of local children 's television shows in the United States . These were locally produced commercial television programming intended for the child audience with unique hosts and themes . This type of programming began in the late 1940s and continued into the late 1970s ; some shows continued into the 1990s . Author Tim Hollis documented about 1,400 local children 's shows in a 2002 book , Hi There , Boys and Girls ! The television programs typically aired in the weekday mornings before school or afternoons after school as well as on weekends ( to a lesser degree ) . There were different formats . Almost all shows had a colorful host who assumed a persona such as a cowboy/cowgirl , captain/skipper/commodore / admiral , jungle explorer , astronaut , king , princess , clown , sheriff/deputy/trooper , cop , firefighter , hobo/tramp , railroad engineer , magician , `` cousin '' , `` grandfather '' or `` uncle '' , whose role was not only to be the `` DJ '' for syndicated material ( typically cartoons , although westerns were more popular earlier on ) but also to entertain , often with a live television studio audience of kids , during breaks . Early program fare included cartoon favorites such as Koko the Clown , Daffy Duck , Crusader Rabbit , Dick Tracy , Popeye , Bugs Bunny , Rocky and Bullwinkle , Casper the Friendly Ghost , Mighty Mouse , Porky Pig , Deputy Dawg , Tin Tin , Mel-O-Toons , Woody Woodpecker , The Funny Company , Mr. Magoo , Space Angel and Clutch Cargo as well as movie shorts such as Laurel and Hardy , Our Gang/The Little Rascals and The Three Stooges and animated versions of Laurel and Hardy , Abbott and Costello and The Three Stooges and live action shorts such as Diver Dan . Some included educational segments like the portraits of wildlife in Nature 's Window .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11da7b6ecfe4d6361144611dea632226", "text": "Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series . The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense . Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 . In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47724bfa00156b2e4dcd21e0a4c10297", "text": "The Brilliant Book The Brilliant Book is a British television show for children . It follows Benjamin , a nine-year-old boy , who is autistic , and charts his and his friends ' adventures . The show comes in 30-minute episodes , each of which are `` loosely based on a letter of the alphabet '' . It has animated segments and film clips of Benjamin and his friends ; each day Benjamin adds an adventure to his `` brilliant book '' . The show is created by Rhonda Merrick , a US native who lives in Britain ; she also does the animations . The `` Benjamin '' of the show is her own son Benjamin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "372c9d1ae8f3879eb1da15d70eb45709", "text": "Wimpole Village (TV series) Wimpole Village is a pre-school series which aired on Children 's ITV . It ran for 42 episodes in 1987 . The series is named after the creator 's house , `` Wimpole House '' . The rights to Wimpole Village were acquired by Cameron Thomson Entertainment licensed the series to terrestrial television and cable operators in North America and Europe . There has been talk of a revamped series or possible reruns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f5f11665b74f1c5cfbcbe56a97a309f", "text": "Haunted (comics) Haunted was a horror-suspense anthology comic book series published by Charlton Comics from 1971 to 1984 ( though it was primarily a reprint title from 1978 onward ) . The book was `` hosted '' by Impy , a pint-sized ghost dressed in an all-white superhero costume . With issue # 21 , the book 's host became Baron Weirwulf ( who first appeared in Ghost Manor # 19 , published in July 1974 ) . From that point forward , Haunted 's title was changed to Baron Weirwulf 's Haunted Library ( though it was still known as Haunted in the indicia ) . Haunted was part of a wave of new horror and suspense comics published by Charlton during this period . Its sister titles , with many of the same creators , were the Charlton anthologies The Many Ghosts of Doctor Graves ( with host Dr. M.T. Graves ) , Ghostly Tales ( with I.M. Dedd ) , Ghost Manor ( with host Mr. Bones ) , Ghostly Haunts ( with Winnie the Witch ) , and Scary Tales ( with Countess R.H. Von Bludd ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc7246c25cb91cb372760efae1e07327", "text": "Freaky Stories Freaky Stories is a Canadian television series , which was originally broadcast by YTV in English and Canal Famille ( now VRAK.TV ) in French ( 5-minute versions using the French title Frissons ) . It is an animated show about urban legends hosted by two animatronic puppets , Larry de Bug , a cockroach , ( voiced by James Rankin ) and his gooey sidekick , Maurice the maggot ( voiced by Dan Redican ) in Ted 's Diner - a 1940s era diner setting staffed by Rosie the waitress ( voiced by Jayne Eastwood , but never seen - Season One only ) . It was often part of The Three Friends and Jerry when it aired on Fox Family . This series , described as `` a Twilight Zone for kids , '' centers on the kind of myths and legends that are told as scary campfire or bedtime stories . Every episode always starts with and finishes with the phrase : `` This is a true story , and it happened to a friend of a friend of mine . '' and by the words of Larry , `` Just because they never happened , does n't mean they ai n't true . '' Animation styles and musical scoring varied within each half-hour episode , incorporating 20 different looks in the first season alone . The short stories and changing styles were specifically designed to keep viewers ' attention span . Series creator Steve Schnier successfully pitched his concept of modern urban legends to YTV in 1991 . In 1994 , Steve teamed with executive producer John Delmage . The resulting Freaky Stories pilot premiered during YTV 's `` Dark Night 3 '' Halloween block on October 28 , 1995 , and the series itself premiered as a one-hour special as part of `` Dark Night 5 '' on October 24 , 1997 . While most episodes were finished on digibeta , the pilot was shot on film using traditional animation techniques but completed on video . The subsequent series was digitally inked , painted and composited . Some famous episodes of Freaky Stories tell the story of : a family goes to Mexico and brings home a pet thinking it is a chihuahua , but is really a sewer rat . a man with a telescope calls the police to look at something horrible he found through his telescope across the street . a pizza delivery man enters a house to eat pizza with a lady and finds out she is going to kill him . a teenage girl who is obsessed with horror films babysits three boys and is later visited by a lady who says she is the mother 's sister , but soon finds out from the mother that her sister was killed in an auto accident one year earlier . a boy from Mexico sees into the future , only to discover that the world is going to end in 2016 . The only person who can save the world is a man from South Africa who will die in 2015 . ( part of the pilot , titled `` Who will save Leron ? '' ) a woman buys a new mysterious diet pill in preparation for a beauty contest , on the condition that she must not drink water for the duration of the diet . The diet pill was actually filled with several tiny sponges , and when she breaks and drinks gallons of water , they cause her to bloat uncontrollably . a woman has a beehive hairdo for so long that she gets a headache ; they surgically cut open the beehive and she has tons of spiders living in her hair . ( part of the pilot , titled `` Spider in the Hairdo '' ) . a man goes on a camping trip has a bug crawl into his ear , which starts bothering him , so he goes to see a witch doctor who pulls it out of the other ear , but in the process announces that the bug was a female and it laid eggs in his brain . a group of people on an airplane get stuck when the cockpit somehow would n't open , leaving it up to a boy ( using his braces ) to save them . a phone keeps ringing at a home mysteriously , leaving a family puzzled , until they realize the line is broken and keeps phoning the house . a boy eats a bunch of peanuts , which were chocolate covered peanuts that an old woman previously sucked on . The Hook , done as a musical . a nosy hotel maid uses a mysterious spray to set her hair , only to find that she was using industrial shellac ; thus , her hair cracked and she became bald . a boy photographs a mysterious waiter at a downtown restaurant and finds out that the waiter really is a vampire because he does not appear in the photo . the greedy owner of an airline tries to save money by not emptying the waste tanks on his planes ; a plane flies over his house party and covers his party with waste . a young man at a supermarket is duped by an elderly woman into paying for her groceries . a young vacationing couple tries to take a photo with a kangaroo which they believe to be dead ; the kangaroo comes back to life and steals their camera . a mischievous boy makes faces while riding in a car ; a trick wind comes along and his face is stuck in that pose . a teenage boy finds that his girlfriend always sucks on a lock of her hair ; one day , she coughs up a hairball . a nerdy boy creates a concoction to help him grow facial hair ; he accidentally uses too much and becomes a werewolf . a young girl learns kung-fu so she can confront bullies at school ; after beating a girl up for supposedly stealing her lunch , she comes home to find that she left her lunch on the kitchen counter that morning . a farmer treats a heroic pig who saved the entire farm from a fire by giving him many luxuries ; however , the pig uses a wheelchair because the farmer could not resist cutting its legs off to eat . two cheating college students ask to make up an exam on the excuse of a flat tire ; after being confined to different rooms , the majority of their exam asks them to identify which tire was flat . an elderly millionaire spends all his money commissioning research for a potion that will make him live forever ; he gets the potion , but it does n't stop him from aging and eventually his bones collapse . a rejected football player spreads bird seed on the football field every day for a summer ; at the first game of the new school year , the stadium is bombarded with pigeons . a boy who sneaks into the female dorms in college must hide under the bed when girls enter ; he mistakenly drinks a glass containing a girl 's contact lenses . a prisoner collects utensils to dig himself out of his cell ; he emerges into the courtroom where his trial is being held . a woman enters a funeral home to use the washroom and signs the guestbook ; she later finds that the deceased , a very rich connoisseur , has left a fortune of money and valuable art to the only person who signed his guestbook . a deceased man 's business partner visits the deceased man 's grave every year , dressed as his widowed lover , leaving a rose on his gravestone to churn up business for his local shop . a girl left home alone hears noises in the night but does n't go downstairs to investigate because she feels her dog lick her feet under the bed ; when she wakes up in the morning , the intruder has left a note saying `` humans can lick too '' . a creepy unpopular girl invites a few girls from school to her party ; they think the creepy girl is knocking ominously at the door as a prank , but they later find out that the creepy girl could not have been the one knocking outside . a nerdy girl brings snacks for a boy in the school cafeteria every day for a week ; on the last day , she reveals that she made the snack using a contraption she built to make food out of dead cockroaches . a boy falls asleep watching horror movies ; he dreams that he is attacked by mummies wielding toilet paper outside his house ; he wakes up but finds his house covered with toilet paper . man picks up a hitchhiking girl on the road ; she disappears during the drive but leaves her jacket . The man goes to her house to return the jacket , but is greeted by a woman saying the girl died several years ago , wearing that same jacket . identical twins get engaged to the same girl by pretending to be one person ; on the wedding day , both twins forget to show up by accident , so a long lost identical triplet marries the girl a woman tricks her boyfriend into thinking he has won the lottery ; he reveals several incriminating secrets and walks out on her , only to find out that the lottery drawing was yesterday 's . a man stores his fancy futuristic car under high-tech security ; only day , he finds that the car has been turned around 180 degrees in the garage , and the thieves have left a note saying `` if we want it , we 'll take it '' . a family 's car is stolen , but returned later with a note explaining that someone needed the car for an emergency and has left opera tickets for the family as a thanks . The family goes to the opera that night and comes home to find their house completely looted . a man and his friend stumble upon a landed UFO , go inside to find an alien party with severed heads on the walls . a woman comes home to find her dog choking on a finger that turns out to be the finger of a burglar , her lover , hiding in the closet . a man who steals car from parking garage finds top-secret fuel injection device in the trunk , travels across the country to deliver the device to a gas company for a large sum of money but is thwarted by the man who was originally hired to transport the device . a real estate agent stays in an old house for a night to prove it is not haunted ; during the night , creepy disturbances happen like the necks of people in the paintings bleed , but it turns out to be the homeowners ' son playing tricks because he does n't want to move . an escaped convict hides in a wax museum by posing as a wax figure , but he is discovered when the guard notices the figure has the convict 's trademark six fingers on one hand . a young boy flushes his pet baby alligator down the toilet because his parents wo n't let him keep it ; when he grows up and is working in the sewers , he sees the now-adult alligator . a vacationing man in an RV is abandoned at a gas station when the RV drives away on cruise control . a little leaguer finds out that he 's a robot and that he 's about to be replaced by a newer model . a sitter is repeatedly phoned by a stranger to `` check on the children '' and the phone operator is asked to trace the next call , the sitter is then informed that the caller is in the house ( an adaptation of The Babysitter and the Man Upstairs story ) . The sitter evacuates the house with the two boys and disappears with them into a downtown city . a sheriff chasing bank robbers pushes their car off rail tracks but gets his car stuck and gets hit by a train . When his grandson and his friends get in the same situation , they narrowly escape getting hit , and find a sheriff 's badge on the ground and hand prints on the truck 's bumper . a businessman , tired from a long drive , pulls into a motel to rest . He sleeps on a bed with an automatic massage setting , calling it the best sleep he 's ever had . He attempts to find out what the mechanism is from the hotel manager , who refuses to divulge the secret of the bed . The businessman sees a small hole in the mattress and hopes to get a peek at the bed 's mechanism ; he 's horrified to discover the mattress is filled with thousands of bugs . an English professor pairs two of his students together for an assignment in order to get them together . He instructs them to write a story , with each partner taking a certain amount of time to write their part . The Original Spanish Kitchen urban legend , as a musical , like the Hookman episode . while preparing for a blind date , a girl consumes a bowl of leftover chilli and begins to feel queasy afterwards . As soon as she enters her date 's car , she opens a window and passes gas , unaware that there were passengers in the back seat . a nervous boy meets a girl who helps him gain more confidence with talking to other girls ; he later tries to thank her , only to discover that she had died twenty years ago , but still returns on the anniversary of her death to help one person in need . a nerdy boy is set up on a date by two bullies , one of whom related to an unattractive girl ; the couple later fall in love once they see each other 's faces . a prison inmate starves himself to protest against the food served at the prison . After escaping during a lightning storm , the inmate makes his way towards a bio-tech building and accidentally consumes all of the refrigerator 's contents . a woman and her party guests believe they have been poisoned when they learn that the fish they ate was bitten by the woman 's cat , who later died ; she later learns that her elderly neighbor had run her cat over with her car . a man tries to convince his daughter to eat his favorite brand of hog dog wieners by taking her to a themed amusement park , where they learn that the company had been making the wieners out of garbage . a woman 's life changes when she adopts an abandoned kitten she finds on the street ; but when the kitten gets stuck in a tree , it is accidentally catapulted to another woman 's lawn , who also decides to take it in . a carpenter hired by an elderly woman accidentally traps her pet bird beneath the newly carpeted floor , and had also pounded the bird flat , mistaking it for an air pocket . while babysitting for a family , a girl is horrified when she sees the family 's dog chewing on the body of their rabbit ; after grooming it , she places it back in its cage , only to learn that the rabbit had actually died one week before and had been buried in the backyard . a futuristic family leaves their dog in the hands of the kitchen staff at an alien restaurant ; when the son finds a collar in his soup , the family believes they had consumed their dog , unaware that their pet was still alive in the kitchen . a journalist sneaks into a room on Area 51 and begins to take various pictures , believing he had found a hidden UFO ; after the photos were revealed to be duds , he loses his job and later finds the real UFO and alien at a local museum . two rivals attempt to out-dress each other when a fashion TV program arrives at their school ; when both girls are seen in the same outfit , they each tug a loose thread on each other 's dresses , causing their dresses to unravel right in front of their peers . a man obsesses over a building 's missing thirteenth floor when he realizes that the building actually has one that the elevator skips over ; he discovers that it is actually a trap for obsessive people like him . a man who regularly steals gasoline from car fuel tanks by siphoning them with a hose , sucking on the hose to start the fuel moving , runs out of gasoline and must siphon fuel from an RV , accidentally swallowing the contents of the tank ; after actually asking the RV 's owner for help , he is allowed to siphon some fuel but is told that what he thought was the fuel tank was actually the septic tank . a man in a futuristic sci-fi setting is drugged and wakes up to discover that his head has been hooked up to a life support system and his entire body below the neck has been stolen ( a variation on rumors surrounding stolen organs such as kidneys ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f275361433e05eda19716ac397ceca9", "text": "The Trap Door The Trap Door is a British animated television series , originally shown in the United Kingdom in 1984 . The plot revolves around the daily lives and the misadventures of a group of monsters living in a castle . Although the emphasis was on humour and the show was marketed as a children 's programme , it drew much from horror and dark fantasy . The show has since become a cult favourite and remains one of the most widely recognised family entertainment shows of the 1980s . Digital children 's channel Pop started rerunning the show in 2010 . Both seasons are currently available on iTunes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c6036ca00363690173ff0263b9dd205", "text": "Ann Flood Ann Flood ( born Maryanne Ott , on November 12 , 1934 ) is an American actress , best known for her role as journalist/author Nancy Pollock Karr in the soap opera The Edge of Night , a role she began in 1962 . Flood portrayed the show 's heroine for 22 years , witnessing the show 's transition from live to taped broadcasts and its move from CBS to ABC . Flood was born in Jamaica , New York . She enjoyed notable roles on Broadway , making her debut in 1954 's Kismet and going on to play opposite Don Ameche in 1957 's Holiday for Lovers . Her television debut came earlier , in a 1952 live production of the W. S. Gilbert play , The Fortune Hunter , for WOR-TV . She became a regular performer on golden age live TV shows , including Sergeant Bilko , Armstrong Circle Theatre , Kraft Theatre , and The Philco Television Playhouse . She was also known for roles in various commercials , including those for Good Seasons salad dressing . Before starting on The Edge of Night , she played the leading role of another journalist , Elizabeth `` Liz '' Fraser Allen in the short-lived soap opera From These Roots from 1958-61 . In The Edge of Night , Nancy 's marriage to Mike Karr remains as one of the longest in soap history . Nancy and Mike had no children of their own , but the character of Laurie ( Mike 's daughter by his first wife Sara ) came to consider Nancy as her mother . Flood continued in the role through the series ' finale in 1984 , by which time she was the show 's longest-serving cast member . For her work on the show , Flood was twice nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award in the category of Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series , in 1982 and 1984 . After Edge of Night , Flood continued to act in daytime dramas . She was cast in a succession of shorter-term and recurring roles , playing Ella Hobbs , a villain on Search for Tomorrow , who tried to kill the show 's leading character , Joanne , and played a variety of society matrons on Another World ( Rose Livingston , 1986-1987 ) , One Life to Live ( Mrs. Guthrie , 1991 ) , and As the World Turns , recurring from 1992-1993 as business executive Ruth Mansfield . In 1987 , she joined the cast of All My Children playing the recurring role of Bitsy Davidson , Cecily 's snooty mother , and was briefly under contract to the show . Her last appearance aired in January 1990 . Other work included guest-starring roles in prime-time TV programs such as The Cosby Show , and a role in the 1988 feature film , Mystic Pizza , playing opposite Annabeth Gish , Julia Roberts and Lili Taylor . Flood has enjoyed a long marriage of over 60 years to TV & cable network media mogul Herb Granath , the two having met when they were both working as pages for NBC , then married in 1952 . They are the parents of three sons and one daughter . She has now retired from acting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45f3d91c761b743fd65d4b493e8ceeac", "text": "Children's film A children 's film , or family film , is a film genre that contains children or relates to them in the context of home and family . Children 's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for the general audience , while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind . Children 's films come in several major forms like realism , fantasy , adventure , animation , war , musicals , and literary adaptations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e95711fcae18cdc71e562cdfe6e3331f", "text": "24 Hours in the Past 24 Hours in the Past was a BBC One living history TV series first broadcast in 2015 . Six celebrities were immersed in a recreation of impoverished life in Victorian Britain . Each of the four episodes represented 24 hours living and working in four different occupations . A key part of the series was its immersive nature . The four episodes were ostensibly filmed in direct sequence , and the participants lived , ate and slept in the often filthy conditions portrayed . Living history has become a popular theme in recent UK TV series , usually involving Ruth Goodman and regular collaborators in a long-term series , filmed in intermittent episodes with a cast of historians . This series took a different pitch , using a continuous filming technique without the respite of hotels between episodes and cast with `` the randomest collection of participants '' to create an air of surprise at their conditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44c200e263e136a287b442d2354086a6", "text": "Chez Hélène Chez Hélène is a children 's television series produced by and broadcast on CBC Television . The 15-minute weekday program was broadcast on the English television network to provide viewers with exposure to the French language . The program was produced at CBC 's Montreal studios . It began its 14-season run on 26 October 1959 , with the final program airing 25 May 1973 . Hélène Baillargeon portrayed the title role . Other cast members were Madeleine Kronby who portrayed the bilingual Louise , and a mouse puppet named Suzie who generally spoke English . Corinne Orr provided the voice for Suzie . In terms of children 's series , the program remained popular in its final season , with a reported 437 000 viewers recorded by BBM in November 1972 . But CBC executives cancelled the series claiming that the series had run its course , and that the network 's broadcasts of Sesame Street would incorporate five minutes of French-language segments per episode .", "title": "" } ]	fever
37b33803e3a209f7e2839781a232e0de	Elephants have been featured in places.	[ { "docid": "5545b56fdae2604a9ccd6abad683c219", "text": "Elephant Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea . Three species are recognised , the African bush elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) , the African forest elephant ( L. cyclotis ) , and the Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus ) . Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa , South Asia , and Southeast Asia . Elephantidae is the only surviving family of the order Proboscidea ; other , now extinct , members of the order include deinotheres , gomphotheres , mammoths , and mastodons . Male African elephants are the largest extant terrestrial animals and can reach a height of 4 m and weigh 7000 kg . All elephants have several distinctive features , the most notable of which is a long trunk or proboscis , used for many purposes , particularly breathing , lifting water , and grasping objects . Their incisors grow into tusks , which can serve as weapons and as tools for moving objects and digging . Elephants ' large ear flaps help to control their body temperature . Their pillar-like legs can carry their great weight . African elephants have larger ears and concave backs while Asian elephants have smaller ears and convex or level backs . Elephants are herbivorous and can be found in different habitats including savannahs , forests , deserts , and marshes . They prefer to stay near water . They are considered to be keystone species due to their impact on their environments . Other animals tend to keep their distance from elephants while predators , such as lions , tigers , hyenas , and any wild dogs , usually target only young elephants ( or `` calves '' ) . Females ( `` cows '' ) tend to live in family groups , which can consist of one female with her calves or several related females with offspring . The groups are led by an individual known as the matriarch , often the oldest cow . Elephants have a fission -- fusion society in which multiple family groups come together to socialise . Males ( `` bulls '' ) leave their family groups when they reach puberty and may live alone or with other males . Adult bulls mostly interact with family groups when looking for a mate and enter a state of increased testosterone and aggression known as musth , which helps them gain dominance and reproductive success . Calves are the centre of attention in their family groups and rely on their mothers for as long as three years . Elephants can live up to 70 years in the wild . They communicate by touch , sight , smell , and sound ; elephants use infrasound , and seismic communication over long distances . Elephant intelligence has been compared with that of primates and cetaceans . They appear to have self-awareness and show empathy for dying or dead individuals of their kind . African elephants are listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) while the Asian elephant is classed as endangered . One of the biggest threats to elephant populations is the ivory trade , as the animals are poached for their ivory tusks . Other threats to wild elephants include habitat destruction and conflicts with local people . Elephants are used as working animals in Asia . In the past , they were used in war ; today , they are often controversially put on display in zoos , or exploited for entertainment in circuses . Elephants are highly recognisable and have been featured in art , folklore , religion , literature , and popular culture .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "16fac4c29d3459102e7c0616108aee87", "text": "Pictish Beast The Pictish Beast ( sometimes Pictish Dragon or Pictish Elephant ) is an artistic representation of an animal depicted on Pictish symbol stones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d6ad3bef82ff885cbbdfa02ea762cdf", "text": "Arabian oryx The Arabian oryx or white oryx ( Oryx leucoryx ) is a medium-sized antelope with a distinct shoulder bump , long , straight horns , and a tufted tail . It is a bovid , and the smallest member of the Oryx genus , native to desert and steppe areas of the Arabian Peninsula . The Arabian oryx was extinct in the wild by the early 1970s , but was saved in zoos and private preserves , and was reintroduced into the wild starting in 1980 . In 1986 , the Arabian oryx was classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List , and in 2011 , it was the first animal to revert to vulnerable status after previously being listed as extinct in the wild . It is listed in CITES Appendix I . In 2011 , populations were estimated at over 1,000 individuals in the wild , and 6,000 -- 7,000 individuals in captivity worldwide . A Qatari oryx named `` Orry '' was chosen as the official games mascot for the 2006 Asian Games in Doha , and is shown on tailfins of planes belonging to Middle Eastern airline Qatar Airways . Arabian oryx is the national animal of UAE .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e328fcc667f5039a0bb6ed62c31b4d", "text": "Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is , geographically , the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara . According to the UN , it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara . It contrasts with North Africa , whose territories are part of the League of Arab states within the Arab world . Somalia , Djibouti , Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in Sub-Saharan Africa , but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world . The Sahel is the transitional zone between the Sahara and the tropical savanna ( the Sudan region ) and forest-savanna mosaic to the south . Since probably 3500 BCE , the Saharan and Sub-Saharan regions of Africa have been separated by the extremely harsh climate of the sparsely populated Sahara , forming an effective barrier interrupted by only the Nile in Sudan , though the Nile was blocked by the river 's cataracts . The Sahara pump theory explains how flora and fauna ( including Homo sapiens ) left Africa to penetrate the Middle East and beyond . African pluvial periods are associated with a `` wet Sahara '' phase during which larger lakes and more rivers existed . The use of the term has been criticized because it refers to the South only by cartography conventions and projects a connotation of inferiority ; a vestige of colonialism , which some say , divided Africa into European terms of homogeneity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9fc4e2ea563961cf0b7435f9fc42277", "text": "Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium Omaha 's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium is a zoo in Omaha , Nebraska , located at 3701 South 10th Street . It is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and a member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums . Its mission is conservation , research , recreation , and education . In August 2014 , TripAdvisor proclaimed Henry Doorly Zoo the `` world 's best zoo '' , leading San Diego Zoo and Loro Parque , based on an algorithmic assimilation of millions of reviews for 275 major zoos worldwide . Omaha 's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium is nationally renowned for its leadership in animal conservation and research . Evolving from the public Riverview Park Zoo established in 1894 , today the zoo includes several notable exhibits . It features the largest cat complex in North America ; `` Kingdoms of the Night '' is the world 's largest nocturnal exhibit and indoor swamp ; the Lied Jungle is one of the world 's largest indoor rainforests , and the `` Desert Dome '' is one of the world 's largest indoor deserts , as well as the largest glazed geodesic dome in the world . The zoo is Nebraska 's top paid attendance attraction and has welcomed more than 25 million visitors over the past 40 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47ac4c3ea5460af1c6307969e26771ae", "text": "West Lunga National Park West Lunga National Park is a remote wildlife haven in dense forest in the North-Western Province of Zambia . It lies between the West Lunga River and Kabompo River about 10 km north of the gravel road from Solwezi to Kabompo , and covers about 1700 km ² . The national park is the only one in Zambia covered by forest , categorised in the small Cryptosepalum dry forests ecoregion , which exists only in a few patches in the south west of the province extending a little over the border into Angola . Cryptosepalum trees ( called `` mukwe '' locally ) are evergreen and grow densely with a closed canopy . The ecoregion forms the largest evergreen forest in Africa outside of the equatorial zone . Although the rainfall in the area is quite high ( above 1,000 mm per year ) the soils are sandy and well drained so apart from the rivers there is a lack of surface water . A few patches of Miombo woodland and grassland also exist in the park . The park lacks management , facilities , and roads . There is no accommodation and no towns nearby , visitors must be completely self-sufficient . ( The Zambia Tourism website does not even mention the park . ) It is reached by a dirt track from the main road to the park gate and base at Jivundu in its south-west . The lack of water and thickness of the forest has kept the human population low in the region , and despite some poaching and the absence of protection , the forest is believed to be still fairly rich in wildlife . Smaller forest mammals such as duiker and bushpigs live there , and recent reports also mention puku , hippopotami , Nile crocodiles , vervet monkeys , and yellow baboons . The game guards say there are buffalo , roan antelopes , sable antelopes , Lichtenstein 's hartebeests , impalas , elands , and elephants . As of September 2008 , African Parks Network ( also known as African Parks Foundation or African Parks Conservation ) from The Netherlands concluded an agreement for the management of West Lunga National Park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65a3f679f16817a03879f7dc79ab8288", "text": "Bart Gets an Elephant `` Bart Gets an Elephant '' is the seventeenth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 31 , 1994 . In this episode , Bart wins a radio contest and is awarded a full-grown African elephant that he names Stampy . After Stampy wrecks the Simpsons ' house and eats all the food , Homer decides to sell Stampy to an ivory dealer . Bart runs away with Stampy to save his pet , but the family finds the two at a museum exhibit , where Homer sinks into a tar pit . Homer is saved by Stampy , and so gives the elephant away to an animal refuge instead . The episode was written by John Swartzwelder , and directed by Jim Reardon . It introduced the fictional elephant Stampy , and marks the first appearance of the recurring character Cletus Spuckler . The episode features cultural references to the songs `` Sixteen Tons '' and `` Do-Re-Mi '' , and the La Brea Tar Pits cluster of tar pits located in Hancock Park in Los Angeles , California . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 10.7 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34c6e346f37a655eadc56b51dcc64ecc", "text": "Asian South Africans The majority of Asian South Africans are of Indian origin , most of whom are descended from indentured workers transported to work in the 19th century on the sugar plantations of the eastern coastal area , then known as Natal . They are largely English speaking , although many also retain the languages of their ancestors . There is also a significant group of Chinese South Africans ( approximately 300,000 individuals ) , of whom the great majority are recent immigrants of the last two decades . In total the 1.2 million Asians in South Africa represent about two percent of the nation 's population . Most are of Indian or South Asian origin , although there is also a rapidly increasing number of people of Chinese , who were sometimes classified as Coloured ( mixed race ) , `` Other '' , or at least partially as `` White '' under Apartheid ) . Traditionally , the group does not include the `` Cape Malays '' , who were descended ( at least in part ) from South East Asians , who were classified as `` Coloured '' under apartheid . The term Indian is far more commonly used than Asian in South Africa , although examples of both usages can be found .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c301ccce6b798936d9e4e5acc7982f", "text": "Wild animal", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f21699dc21f1a69a7fbf4012e61f6ef7", "text": "Aggregation (ethology) In ethology , an aggregation is any form of gathering of organisms and the process of coming together . In some forms groups of unrelated species might form , in which interaction between members of the aggregation might be minimal ; for example herds of grazing zebra and antelopes might combine , both the better to observe the approach of predators , and to improve the odds of escape in the event of attack by predators . Sometimes there might be some interaction , such as mixed flocks of birds that observe each other 's foraging behaviour in searching for food . Sometimes there might be quite orderly common action , such as the queuing up for a resource ; for example different species of fishes may aggregate around a cleaning station where cleaner wrasse and cleaner shrimp are active , more or less taking turns for attention . Such aggregations , where there is no particular association of species or sizes , may be referred to loosely as unstructured aggregations . Commonly they are very temporary and may be loose , with flocks or herds associating casually and separating equally casually within hours . Structured aggregations tend to be longer-term and of a specific life-cycle function and context . Typically , though not necessarily , they will be of a single species . Often they will be of a single age and possibly of a single sex , such as shoals of fish fry that have specific ecological requirements that are not compatible with those of the mature species . One class of such aggregations comprises groups of adult , but immature `` bachelor '' males of elephants , seals , lions and other animals in which the mature herd will not tolerate males that would begin to compete with the dominant males . Another is when aposematic larvae of certain insects such as some Lepidoptera and Hemiptera form a flock that feed together and may migrate in `` processions '' until they are mature after which some kinds disperse . Most species of migrating birds and mammals flock on a large scale , partly for protection and partly for greater reliability of navigation . In some species of Hemiptera the adults remain with their aggregated immature offspring , sometimes in protective roles . The range of functions is very wide in detail , but among the more important classes of function are security against predators , success in food location , wide range of mate choice , with concomitant increase of outbreeding opportunities , location with other members of the same species ( sometimes adherence to separate communities can almost amount to parapatric residence when say , different communities of rats or chimpanzees have violent mutual antipathy ) . There also are various forms of educational function , such as in some species where the young must learn the correct mate recognition skills , and in highly intelligent species such as crows and elephants , must learn the necessary social skills and the necessary traditional foraging techniques in their region . Aggregation activities are not restricted to the animal kingdom ; for one example , a fundamental class of aggregations occurs in the various groups of slime molds , in which separate cells actually aggregate in the process of constructing their reproductive structure . Category : Ethology", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6784ec82391e9efcc8c5fe95c9f2e97a", "text": "Illegal logging in Madagascar Illegal logging has been a problem in Madagascar for decades and is perpetuated by extreme poverty and government corruption . Often taking the form of selective logging , the trade has been driven by high international demand for expensive , fine-grained lumber such as rosewood and ebony . Historically , logging and exporting in Madagascar have been regulated by the Malagasy government , although the logging of rare hardwoods was explicitly banned from protected areas in 2000 . Since then , government orders and memos have intermittently alternated between permitting and banning exports of precious woods . The most commonly cited reason for permitting exports is to salvage valuable wood from cyclone damage , although this reasoning has come under heavy scrutiny . This oscillating availability of Malagasy rosewood and other precious woods has created a market of rising and falling prices , allowing traders or `` timber barons '' to stockpile illegally sourced logs during periodic bans and then flood the market when the trade windows open and prices are high . The unsustainable exploitation of these tropical hardwoods , particularly rosewood from the SAVA Region , has escalated significantly since the start of the 2009 Malagasy political crisis . Thousands of poorly paid Malagasy loggers have flooded into the national parks -- especially in the northeast -- building roads , setting up logging camps , and cutting down even the most difficult to reach rosewood trees . Illegal activities are openly flaunted , armed militia have descended upon local villages , and a rosewood mafia easily bribe government officials , buying export permits with ease . These illegal operations are funded in part by advance payments for future shipments ( financed by Chinese expatriates and Chinese importers ) and by loans from large , international banks . Demand is fueled mostly by a growing Chinese middle class and their desire for exotic imperial-style furniture . European and American demand for high-end musical instruments and furniture have also played a role . However , public scrutiny has put significant pressure on shipping companies involved in the trade , and the United States is starting to enforce the Lacey Act by investigating companies with suspected involvement in the illegal trade of Malagasy precious woods . Logging in Madagascar 's tropical rainforests has had many secondary effects , beyond the risk of depletion of rare , endemic trees . Habitat has been disturbed , illegal mining has begun , local people have turned in desperation to the forests for resources , and poaching of endangered wildlife has escalated . Lemurs , the most well-known faunal group from the island , have been captured for the exotic pet trade as well as killed for food . Even the most critically endangered species have been targeted , primarily to feed a growing demand for delicacy food in up-scale restaurants . The local villagers have also suffered as tourism has declined sharply or ceased almost entirely . Some have resorted to working as loggers for minimal pay , while others have spoken out against it , often receiving death threats from the rosewood mafia in return .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c814834599c685bc16c541981bcee82c", "text": "Elephant goad The elephant goad , bullhook , or ankus ( from Sanskrit or ankusha ) is a tool employed in the handling and training of elephants . It consists of a hook ( usually bronze or steel ) which is attached to a 60 - handle , ending in a tapered end . The bullhook is associated with the abuse of elephants , when it has been used to injure or beat elephants . California ( USA ) has banned the use of bullhooks . A relief at Sanchi and a fresco at the Ajanta Caves depict a three-person crew on the war elephant , the driver with an elephant goad , what appears to be a noble warrior behind the driver and another attendant on the posterior of the elephant . </blockquote> Nossov and Dennis ( 2008 p 19 ) report that two perfectly preserved elephant goads were recovered from an archaeological site at Taxila and are dated from 3rd century BCE to the 1st century CE according to Marshall . The larger of the two is 65 cm long . </blockquote> Nossov and Dennis ( 2008 : p. 16 ) state : An ankusha , a sharpened goad with a pointed hook , was the main tool for managing an elephant . The ankusha first appeared in India in the 6th-5th century BC and has been used ever since , not only there , but wherever elephants served man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7bd6f91da11d2b4f76b37da1c333c26", "text": "Molai forest Molai forest is a forest on Majuli Island in the Brahmaputra River in Kokilamukh , Jorhat district , Assam , India . Molai forest is named after Padma Shri Jadav `` Molai '' Payeng , Indian environmental activist and forestry worker . The forest was single-handedly planted by Payeng in a timespan of 30 years and encompasses an area of about 1,360 acres / 550 hectares . Payeng planted and tended trees on a sandbar of the Brahmaputra River turning it into a forest reserve . Molai forest now houses Bengal tigers , Indian rhinoceros , over 100 deer and rabbits besides apes and several varieties of birds , including a large number of vultures . There are several thousand trees , including valcol , arjun ( Terminalia arjuna ) , ejar ( Lagerstroemia speciosa ) , goldmohur ( Delonix regia ) , koroi ( Albizia procera ) , moj ( Archidendron bigeminum ) and himolu ( Bombax ceiba ) . Bamboo covers an area of over 300 hectares . A herd of around 100 elephants regularly visits the forest every year and generally stays for around six months . They have given birth to 10 calves in the forest in recent years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffe6784432d607a125d0e1d328d6dd13", "text": "Nam Phouy National Biodiversity Conservation Area The Nam Phouy National Biodiversity Conservation Area is a protected area in Sainyabuli Province , Laos . It is named after Nam Phouy village , also known as `` Nam Phoun '' and is one of the 21 National Biodiversity Conservation Areas established by the Lao government . The NBCA is located in the forested mountains of the Luang Prabang Range close to the border with Thailand and is part of the Luang Prabang montane rain forests ecoregion . Nam Phouy is home to many wild Asian elephants . The reservoir area of lower Nam Phoun dam is partly within the Nam Phouy NBCA . The area is little patrolled , which makes the enforcement of conservation measures difficult ; the elephant monitoring in the Nam Phouy National Biodiversity Conservation Area needs to be improved .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5493c5417d293e929fa5af8ac35dfe7", "text": "Elephant (stories) Elephant is a collection of short stories by American writer Raymond Carver published in Great Britain , 1988 . The stories in the collection were first published in the U.S. in Where I 'm Calling From : New & Selected Stories ( 1988 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5411eca856bb94f34bf14d93a3565ccd", "text": "Elephant polo Elephant polo is a variant of polo played while riding elephants . It is played in Nepal , Sri Lanka , Rajasthan ( India ) , and Thailand . England and Scotland regularly field teams . Equipment consists of a standard polo ball and six to ten foot cane ( similar to bamboo ) sticks with a polo mallet head on the end . The pitch is three-quarters of the length of a standard polo pitch , due to the lower speed of the elephants . Two people ride each elephant ; the elephants are steered by mahouts , while the player tells the mahout which way to go and hits the ball . Elephant polo originated in Meghauli , Nepal . Tiger Tops in Nepal remains the headquarters of elephant polo and the site of the World Elephant Polo Championships . Elephant Polo in Nepal and Thailand is played under the auspices of the World Elephant Polo Association . WEPA enforces strict rules regarding elephant welfare and game play . Other tournaments , such as those played in India and Sri Lanka , are managed independently of each other and the World Elephant Polo Association . Sri Lanka held an annual tournament in Galle under the auspices of the Ceylon Elephant Polo Association . In 2007 an elephant went on a rampage during a game , injuring two players and destroying the Spanish team 's minibus . Allegations of cruel treatment of polo elephants , made by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals , have led to match cancellation , sponsorship withdrawal and the removal of references to elephant polo records in the Guinness Book of World Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45ebb7c09c369684fa215b38b9f8a326", "text": "Elephant tree Elephant tree is a common name for several plants with swollen stems and may refer to : Boswellia papyrifera , a species in the Burserceae family native to northeastern Africa Bursera microphylla , a species in the Burseraceae family native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico Operculicarya decaryi , a species in the Anacardiaceae family native to Madagascar , and cultivated for bonsai Pachycormus discolor , a species in the Anacardiaceae family native to Baja California", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3501850e0ebcf272618e0b3ca2fd736", "text": "Wildlife of Cambodia Cambodia is home to a diverse array of wildlife . There have been registered 212 mammal species , 536 bird species , 176 reptile species ( including 89 subspecies ) , 850 freshwater fish species ( Tonlé Sap Lake area ) , and 435 marine fish species . An unknown amount of species remains to be described by science , especially butterflies and moths ( lepidopterans ) . Many of the species in the country , including several endemic ones , are recognized by the IUCN or World Conservation Union as threatened , endangered , or critically endangered due to deforestation and habitat destruction , poaching , the illegal wildlife trade , and farming , fishing , and forestry concessions . Intensive poaching may have already driven Cambodia 's national animal , the kouprey , to extinction , and wild tigers , Eld 's deer , wild water buffaloes and hog deer are at critically low numbers . Wildlife in Cambodia includes dholes , elephants , deer ( sambar , Eld 's deer , hog deer and muntjac ) , wild oxen ( banteng and gaur ) , panthers , bears , and tigers . Cormorants , cranes , ibises , parrots , green peafowl , pheasants , and wild ducks are also found , and species of venomous snakes and constrictors are numerous . Deforestation , mining activities , and unregulated hunting , have diminished the country 's wildlife diversity rapidly . Cambodia also has many endangered species . Cambodia has 16 globally endangered species and two critically endangered species . Some of Cambodia 's endangered species are the Asian elephant , Siamese crocodile , wild water buffalo , and the Germain 's silver langur . Much work is being done in this area to help conserve and protect Cambodia 's unique wildlife . Wildlife conservation organizations operating in Cambodia include Conservation International , World Wildlife Fund , the Wildlife Conservation Society , Fauna and Flora International , BirdLife International , Wildlife Alliance , and many others . On 20 December 2016 , 163 new animal species were reported in Southeast Asia including one known as the Klingon newt for its resemblance to a klingon from Star trek .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffdeb2f7fe08fd77d2ab568c9096c265", "text": "Bovidae in Chinese mythology Bovidae in Chinese mythology include various myths and legends about a group of biologically-distinct animals which form important motifs within Chinese mythology . There are many myths about the animals modernly classified as Bovidae , referring to oxen , sheep , goats , and mythological types such as `` unicorns '' ( though perhaps not Bovidae , in the strict scientific sense ) . Chinese mythology refers to those myths found in the historical geographic area of China , a geographic area which has evolved or changed somewhat through history . Thus this includes myths in Chinese and other languages , as transmitted by Han Chinese as well as other ethnic groups ( of which fifty-six are officially recognized by the current administration of China , according to Lihui Yang , 2005:4 ) . There are various motifs of animals of the Bovidae biological family in Chinese mythology . These have often served as allusions in poetry and other literature . Some species are also used in the traditional Chinese calendar and time-keeping system .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f06a9ffcaa456079e7dd1c42991d47", "text": "Elephants' graveyard An elephants ' graveyard ( also written elephant graveyard or elephant 's graveyard ) is a place where , according to legend , older elephants instinctively direct themselves when they reach a certain age . They then die there alone , far from the group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2664f7c374373b6f64fd9c09d2b258b", "text": "Lin Wang Lin Wang ( ; January 18 , 1917February 26 , 2003 ) was an Asian elephant that served with the Chinese Expeditionary Force during the Second Sino-Japanese War ( 1937 -- 1945 ) and later relocated to Taiwan with the Kuomintang forces . Lin Wang lived out most of his life in the Taipei Zoo and unquestionably was the most popular and famous animal in Taiwan . Many adults and children alike affectionately called the bull elephant `` Grandpa Lin Wang . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
59c7774f808c483357b30203df1e2b18	Three Men and a Baby is a baby food store.	[ { "docid": "85e42d8b1ed7367859e3df1d83f19f92", "text": "Three Men and a Baby Three Men and a Baby is a 1987 American comedy film directed by Leonard Nimoy , and stars Tom Selleck , Steve Guttenberg , Ted Danson and Nancy Travis . It follows the mishaps and adventures of three bachelors as they attempt to adapt their lives to pseudo-fatherhood with the arrival of the love child of one of them . The script was based on the 1985 French film Trois hommes et un couffin ( Three Men and a Cradle ) . The film was the biggest American box office hit of that year , surpassing Fatal Attraction and eventually grossing US$ 170 million in the US alone . The film won the 1988 People 's Choice Award for Favorite Comedy Motion Picture .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "82805d229bc800f0a60f593083a2bdda", "text": "Retail clinic A retail clinic is a category of walk-in clinic located in retail stores , supermarkets and pharmacies that treat uncomplicated minor illnesses and provide preventative health care services . They are sometimes called `` retail-based clinics , '' `` convenient care clinics , '' or `` nurse-in-a-box . '' Retail clinics are usually staffed by nurse practitioners ( NPs ) or physician assistants ( PAs ) and do not necessarily have a doctor physically available onsite . Some , however , are staffed by physicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95ff6edca830fe3ff9bc2786dfe0c03", "text": "Baby boomers Baby boomers are the demographic cohort following the Silent Generation . There are no precise dates when the cohort birth years start and end . Typically , they range from the early-to-mid 1940s and end from 1960 to 1964 . Increased birth rates were observed during the post -- World War II baby boom making the baby boomers a relatively large demographic cohort . The term `` baby boomer '' is also used in a cultural context , so it is difficult to achieve broad consensus of a precise date definition . Different people , organizations , and scholars have varying opinions on who is a baby boomer , both technically and culturally . Ascribing universal attributes to such a generation is difficult , and some believe it is inherently impossible , but many have attempted to determine their cultural similarities and historical impact , and the term has thus gained widespread popular usage . Baby boomers are associated with a rejection or redefinition of traditional values . Many commentators , however , have disputed the extent of that rejection , noting the widespread continuity of values with older and younger generations . In Europe and North America , boomers are widely associated with privilege , as many grew up in a time of widespread government subsidies in post-war housing and education , and increasing affluence . As a group , baby boomers were the wealthiest , most active , and most physically fit generation up to the era in which they arrived , and were amongst the first to grow up genuinely expecting the world to improve with time . They were also the generation that received peak levels of income ; they could therefore reap the benefits of abundant levels of food , apparel , retirement programs , and sometimes even `` midlife crisis '' products . The increased consumerism for this generation has been regularly criticized as excessive . One feature of the boomers was that they have tended to think of themselves as a special generation , very different from those that had come before . In the 1960s , as the relatively large numbers of young people became teenagers and young adults , they , and those around them , created a very specific rhetoric around their cohort , and the changes they were bringing about . This rhetoric had an important impact in the self perceptions of the boomers , as well as their tendency to define the world in terms of generations , which was a relatively new phenomenon . The baby boom has been described variously as a `` shockwave '' and as `` the pig in the python . '' The term `` Generation Jones '' is sometimes used to describe those born between 1954 and 1965 . The term is typically used to refer to the later years of the Baby boomer cohort ( 1954-1960 ) and the early years of Generation X ( 1961-1965 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68312c1c1910bebfd70266ebba7757e4", "text": "Human milk banking in North America A human milk bank is `` a service which collects , screens , processes , and dispenses by prescription human milk donated by nursing mothers who are not biologically related to the recipient infant '' . As of March 2014 , there are 18 milk banks in North America that are members of the Human Milk Bank Association of North America ( HMBANA ) . They are usually housed in hospitals , although some are free standing . Members of HMBANA 's follow the annually revised `` Guidelines for the Establishment and Operation of a Donor Human Milk Bank . '' The guidelines were developed with the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) and include protocols for soliciting donors , collecting , processing and distributing the milk . Some of these protocols are described below . According to a joint statement by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) and United Nations Children 's Fund ( UNICEF ) : `` The best food for a baby who can not be breastfed is milk expressed from the mother 's breast or from another healthy mother . The best food for any baby whose own mother 's milk is not available is the breastmilk of another healthy mother '' ( UNICEF , p. 48 ) . `` Where it is not possible for the biological mother to breast feed , the first alternative , if available , should be the use of human milk from other sources . Human milk banks should be made available in appropriate situations '' ( Wight , 2001 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abc1ec522fc7723a3d433e933a409238", "text": "Baby Food Festival The National Baby Food Festival is a large community festival that takes place around mid-July in Fremont , Michigan , home of the Gerber Products Company . Originally entitled Old Fashioned Days , this celebration celebrated its 20th anniversary as the Baby Food Festival on July 21 , 2010 . More than 100,000 people will come to Fremont , a town of about 4,200 , to celebrate the festival , which takes up a section of Main Street downtown . The three-day event includes live music performances , carnival rides , children 's events , games , entertainment , markets and exhibitions . Food and non-alcoholic beverages are sold at various locations . The parade including custom vehicles and antique cars is often included . Part of the celebration includes the selection of a Festival Queen from the local area . Pageant winners receive scholarships and prizes , and are asked to represent the festival and locale at noteworthy events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cf41ba610e5721f637052ad75ea951d", "text": "Biblical Magi The biblical Magi ( -LSB- ˈmædʒaɪ -RSB- or -LSB- ˈmeɪdʒaɪ -RSB- singular : magus ; Greek : μάγοι , magoi ) , also referred to as the ( Three ) Wise Men or ( Three ) Kings , were , in the Gospel of Matthew and Christian tradition , a group of distinguished foreigners who visited Jesus after his birth , bearing gifts of gold , frankincense and myrrh . They are regular figures in traditional accounts of the nativity celebrations of Christmas and are an important part of Christian tradition . According to Matthew , the only one of the four Canonical gospels to mention the Magi , they came `` from the east '' to worship the `` king of the Jews '' . Although the account does not mention the number of Magi , the three gifts has led to the widespread assumption that there were three men . In Eastern Christianity , especially the Syriac churches , the Magi often number twelve . Their identification as kings in later Christian writings is probably linked to Psalms 72:11 , `` May all kings fall down before him '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c99fdff1282f86d5f795f2b8c1022b47", "text": "Thanopoulos (supermarket) Thanopoulos ( Greek : Θανόπουλος ) is a Greek supermarket chain situated in Athens . The company 's history traces back to 1877 when Panayiotis Thanopoulos established the grocery store `` Thanopoulos '' in downtown Athens . Today ( 2006 ) the company has 3 stores , all of them located in the northern suburbs of Athens . The firm belongs to the Thanopoulos family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8283b88e48ac913d1e7a7b227ff32a2a", "text": "Distribution center A distribution center for a set of products is a warehouse or other specialized building , often with refrigeration or air conditioning , which is stocked with products ( goods ) to be redistributed to retailers , to wholesalers , or directly to consumers . A distribution center is a principal part , the order processing element , of the entire order fulfillment process . Distribution centers are usually thought of as being demand driven . A distribution center can also be called a warehouse , a DC , a fulfillment center , a cross-dock facility , a bulk break center , and a package handling center . The name by which the distribution center is known is commonly based on the purpose of the operation . For example , a `` retail distribution center '' normally distributes goods to retail stores , an `` order fulfillment center '' commonly distributes goods directly to consumers , and a cross-dock facility stores little or no product but distributes goods to other destinations . Distribution centers are the foundation of a supply network , as they allow a single location to stock a vast number of products . Some organizations operate both retail distribution and direct-to-consumer out of a single facility , sharing space , equipment , labor resources , and inventory as applicable . A typical retail distribution network operates with centers set up throughout a commercial market , with each center serving a number of stores . Large distribution centers for companies such as Wal-Mart serve 50 -- 125 stores . Suppliers ship truckloads of products to the distribution center , which stores the product until needed by the retail location and ships the proper quantity . Since a large retailer might sell tens of thousands of products from thousands of vendors , it would be impossibly inefficient to ship each product directly from each vendor to each store . Many retailers own and run their own distribution networks , while smaller retailers may outsource this function to dedicated logistics firms that coordinate the distribution of products for a number of companies . A distribution center can be co-located at a logistics center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "baaed5bcc72902f8bc5122f6a3c1026a", "text": "Joseph-Beth Booksellers Joseph-Beth Booksellers is an independent bookseller with four stores in the United States . It formerly operated a total of seven under the Joseph-Beth name and two under the Davis-Kidd Booksellers name . The name `` Joseph-Beth '' derives from the middle names of its two founders , Neil and Mary Beth Van Uum . They opened their first store in Lexington , Kentucky in November 1986 . In 1989 , they were recognized by the Greater Lexington Chamber of Commerce as the `` 1989 Small Business of the Year '' . In 1997 , the company absorbed 4 Davis-Kidd Booksellers stores in Tennessee in Nashville , Knoxville , Memphis , and Jackson . The Knoxville store closed in 2000 , but the Jackson bookstore remained open until 2006 . The Nashville and Memphis locations remained open until 2010 and continued to operate under the Davis-Kidd name . On November 11 , 2010 Joseph-Beth filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and closed the Davis-Kidd location in Nashville , as well Joseph-Beth locations in Pittsburgh , Charlotte , and one of the two locations in Northeast Ohio . In May 2011 , the company and three of its stores were purchased by the Lexington , Kentucky store 's landlord . The Fredericksburg , Virginia Joseph-Beth and the Memphis , Tennessee Davis-Kidd locations were initially sold to a liquidator . However , Joseph-Beth founder Neil Van Uum was able to purchase the Memphis location with the financial backing of the Memphis landlord from the liquidators and continues to operate the store as The Booksellers at Laurelwood , as the Davis-Kidd name was purchased in the bankruptcy auction . The remaining three Joseph-Beth locations -- Lexington , Cincinnati and the Cleveland Clinic specialty store -- remain in operation under the new owner . On November 14 , 2011 Joseph-Beth opened their fourth location at Crestview Hills Town Center in Crestview Hills , Kentucky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dd5355c3701f5f4d41ad37de8e0f93b", "text": "Dunnes Stores Dunnes Stores is an Irish multinational retail chain that primarily sells food , clothes and household wares . In addition to its main customer base in both parts of Ireland , the chain also has operations in England , Scotland and Spain . The format of the chain 's stores include a grocery supermarket operating alongside a clothing/textiles store . The grocery operation only operates in Irish stores and some Northern Irish stores , although some limited grocery ranges can be found in the Spanish stores . However some stores contain only textiles , while some ( more rarely ) contain only a supermarket . Many products are sold under the St. Bernard brand later being rebranded as `` My Family Favourites '' in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29095bfa1d4fd7856c05b8ef5a3c672b", "text": "Breastfeeding in public Breastfeeding in public is the practice of breastfeeding babies in a public or semi-public place in open view of the general public . Social attitudes and legal protection of the practice varies widely . In many countries , both in the Global South and in a number of Western countries , breastfeeding in public is common and generally not regarded as an issue . In those countries , laws protect the nursing mother . In many parts of the world including Australia , some parts of the United States , and Europe , along with some countries in Asia , women have an express legal right to nurse in public and in the workplace . A few countries , such as Saudi Arabia , expressly forbid women to expose their breasts in public , even to breastfeed . Even though the practice may be legal or socially accepted , some mothers may nevertheless be reluctant to expose a breast in public to breastfeed due to actual or potential objections by other people , negative comments , or harassment . It is estimated that around 63 % of mothers across the world have publicly breast-fed . The media have reported a number of incidents in which workers or members of the public have objected to or forbidden women breastfeeding . Some mothers avoid the negative attention and choose to move to another location . But some mothers have protested their treatment , and if the practice is permitted by law , have taken legal action or engaged in protests . Protests have included a public boycott of the offenders business , organizing a `` nurse-in '' or a breastfeeding flash mob , in which groups of nursing mothers gather at the location where the complaint originated and nursed their babies at the same time . In response , some companies have apologised and agreed to train their employees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4e7e82874267e387e239c290a2a34fd", "text": "Gerber Baby The Gerber Baby is the trademark logo of the Gerber Products Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f40af53f9ad0525f42fad0151633b648", "text": "Toy store A toy store , or toy shop , is a retail business specializing in selling toys . No longer held to the limitations of a physical outlet , many toy stores now transact business over the Internet in addition to shops on the street . Many department stores also have toy sections . Among the most widely known toy retailers are Toys `` R '' Us and FAO Schwarz . The flagship store of Hamleys in London is the world 's largest toy shop .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "067775e8e6ef61daa3ee864206119892", "text": "Hatchery A hatchery is a facility where eggs are hatched under artificial conditions , especially those of fish or poultry . It may be used for ex-situ conservation purposes , i.e. to breed rare or endangered species under controlled conditions ; alternatively , it may be for economic reasons ( i.e. to enhance food supplies or fishery resources ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "049c7da6f54e554f7a24d02a971e1264", "text": "Day care Child care or day care is the care of a child during the day by a person other than the child 's legal guardians , typically performed by someone outside the child 's immediate family . Day care is typically an ongoing service during specific periods , such as the parents ' time at work . The service is known as child care in the United Kingdom , crèche in Ireland and New Zealand , and child care or day care in North America and Australia ( although child care also has a broader meaning ) . The vast majority of childcare is still performed by the parents , in-house nannies or through informal arrangements with relatives , neighbors or friends . Child care in the child 's own home is traditionally provided by a nanny or au pair , or by extended family members including grandparents , aunts and uncles . Child care is provided in nurseries or crèches or by a nanny or family child care provider caring for children in their own homes . It can also take on a more formal structure , with education , child development , discipline and even preschool education falling into the fold of services . The day care industry is a continuum from personal parental care to large , regulated institutions . Some childminders care for children from several families at the same time , either in their own home ( commonly known as `` family day care '' in Australia ) or in a specialized child care facility . Some employers provide nursery provisions for their employees at or near the place of employment . For-profit day care corporations often exist where the market is sufficiently large or there are government subsidies . Research shows that not-for-profits are much more likely to produce the high quality environments in which children thrive . '' Local governments , often municipalities , may operate non-profit day care centers . For all providers , the largest expense is labor . Local legislation may regulate the operation of daycare centers , affecting staffing requirements . In Canada , the workforce is predominantly female ( 95 % ) and low paid , averaging only 60 % of average workforce wage . Some jurisdictions require licensing or certification . Legislation may specify details of the physical facilities ( washroom , eating , sleeping , lighting levels , etc. ) . Independent studies suggest that good daycare is not harmful . In some cases , good daycare can provide different experiences than parental care does , especially when children reach two and are ready to interact with other children . Children in higher quality childcare had somewhat better language and cognitive development during the first 4 1/2 years of life than those in lower quality care .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd77df8363324e7424771bca82e167f8", "text": "Product lining In marketing jargon , product lining is offering several related products for sale individually . Unlike product bundling , where several products are combined into one group , which is then offered for sale as a units , product lining involves offering the products for sale separately . A line can comprise related products of various sizes , types , colors , qualities , or prices . Line depth refers to the number of subcategories a category has . Line consistency refers to how closely related the products that make up the line are . Line vulnerability refers to the percentage of sales or profits that are derived from only a few products in the line . Product lining is a marketing strategy that companies adopt which they offer products in the same product line for sale individually ( Krishnamurthi , 2007 ) . Product line is a group of related products defined by their functions and customer market , forming a `` line '' or category ( Neubauer , Steffen & Margaria , 2003 ) . For instance , the variety of coffees that are offered at a café is one of its product lines and it could consist of flat white , cappuccinos , short black , lattes , mochas and etc. . Alternatively , Product line of juices and pastries can also be found at a café . In comparison to product bundling , which is a strategy of offering more than one product for promotion as one combined item to create differentiation and greater value , product lining consists of selling different related products individually ( Chen , 1997 ) . The products in the product line can come in various sizes , colours , qualities , or prices . The benefits from having a successful product line is the brand identification from customers which result in customer loyalty and multiple purchases ( Kekre & Srinivasan , 1990 ) . It increases the likelihood of customers purchasing new products from the company that have just been added into the product line due to the previous satisfying purchases ( Krishnamurthi , 2007 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "801f79f2308fd1703f4e4b96c55aad6e", "text": "Convenience food Convenience food , or tertiary processed food , is food that is commercially prepared ( often through processing ) to optimise ease of consumption . Such food is usually ready to eat without further preparation . It may also be easily portable , have a long shelf life , or offer a combination of such convenient traits . Although restaurant meals meet this definition , the term is seldom applied to them . Convenience foods include ready-to-eat dry products , frozen foods such as TV dinners , shelf-stable foods , prepared mixes such as cake mix , and snack foods . Bread , cheese , salted food and other prepared foods have been sold for thousands of years . Other kinds were developed with improvements in food technology . Types of convenience foods can vary by country and geographic region . Some convenience foods have received criticism due to concerns about nutritional content and how their packaging may increase solid waste in landfills . Various methods are used to reduce the unhealthy aspects of commercially produced food and fight childhood obesity . Convenience food is commercially prepared for ease of consumption . Products designated as convenience food are often sold as hot , ready-to-eat dishes ; as room-temperature , shelf-stable products ; or as refrigerated or frozen food products that require minimal preparation ( typically just heating ) Convenience foods have also been described as foods that have been created to `` make them more appealing to the consumer . '' Convenience foods and restaurants are similar in that they save time . They differ in that restaurant food is ready to eat , whilst convenience food usually requires rudimentary preparation . Both typically cost more money and less time compared to home cooking from scratch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e3daf09a6a803c8ff94778495a15b95", "text": "Ménage à Trois (disambiguation) A ménage à trois is a domestic arrangement in which three people having sexual relations occupy the same household . Ménage à Trois may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45bccda3917435a1e62cdd85afa5da80", "text": "Mama shop A mama shop or mamak shop ( from Tamil மாமா māmā , meaning uncle or elder ) is a convenience store or sundry shop in Singapore that is often located under a high-rise apartment block built by the Housing and Development Board ( HDB ) . Traditionally , they are owned and operated by Indians . Unlike other stores such as 7-Eleven , mama shops are not air-conditioned and sell a variety of provisions within their limited area of approximately 9 sqm . Local residents often make use of mama shops as location markers . It has been claimed there is a hint of architectural value in the ingenious way the wide range of goods are displayed within the spatial confinement of the store .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9290bd2c09c49fad40889922836454cf", "text": "Music store A music store or musical instrument store is a retail business that sells musical instruments and related equipment and accessories . In United States and Canada , most music stores in the 2010s sell a range of electric instruments ( e.g. , electric guitars ) , instrument amplifiers ( e.g. , guitar amplifiers ) ; electronic instruments ( e.g. , synthesizers ) ; drum kits ( including drums , cymbals and percussion instruments ) and acoustic classical , concert band and jazz musical instruments such as saxophones , trumpets and violins . In addition , stores typically sell ( and sometimes rent ) the sound reinforcement system and PA system gear used in live concert performances and the sound recording equipment used to record music , such as microphones and digital recorders . In the 2010s , music stores can be `` bricks and mortar '' stores ( either individual small businesses or chain stores , which may be a regional or national chain ) ; online musical instrument stores , which consist of a website describing the merchandise , various online payment systems , and shipping or delivery systems ; or hybrid stores that have both `` bricks and mortar '' stores and an online store . Some `` bricks and mortar '' music stores also provide services for a fee , such as music lessons , musical instrument repair and guitar amplifier repair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ca54312a30660e348481692ae43d53b", "text": "Mace (store) Mace is a convenience store symbol group operating as three separate entities with different ownership in Great Britain , Ireland and Northern Ireland . The stores are independently owned and join the groups , paying a fee for marketing and branding support and purchasing their stock from the brand owners .", "title": "" } ]	fever
eb22c6aa5852c6660b759e44307b7bd0	Tyra Banks was the first African American woman in the centerfold of GQ.	[ { "docid": "af00e22dcf17688965a8427336d08900", "text": "Tyra Banks Tyra Lynne Banks ( born December 4 , 1973 ) is an American television personality , producer , businesswoman , actress , author , former model and occasional singer . Born in Inglewood , California , she began her career as a model at age 15 , and was the first African American woman to be featured on the covers of GQ and the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue , on which she appeared twice . She was a Victoria 's Secret Angel from 1997 to 2005 . By the early 2000s , Banks was one of the world 's top-earning models . Banks began acting on television in 1993 on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air , and made her film debut in Higher Learning in 1995 . She had major roles such as Eve in Disney Channel 's Life-Size and Zoe in the box office hit Coyote Ugly . She had small roles in the romantic film Love & Basketball and horror film Halloween : Resurrection , and appeared in television series Gossip Girl and Glee . In 2003 , Banks created and began presenting the long-running reality television series America 's Next Top Model , which she executive produced and presented for the first twenty-two seasons until the series ' cancellation in October 2015 . She remained executive producer for the revival of the series , and enlisted Rita Ora as host for the twenty-third cycle before reassuming the duties herself for the upcoming twenty-fourth cycle . Banks was the co-creator of True Beauty , and had her own talk show , The Tyra Banks Show , which aired on The CW for five seasons and won two Daytime Emmy awards for Outstanding Talk Show Informative . She co-hosted the talk show FABLife for two months . In 2017 , Banks will replace Nick Cannon as host of America 's Got Talent for its 12th season . In 2010 , she published a young adult novel titled Modelland , based on her life as a model which topped The New York Times Best Seller list in 2011 . Banks is one of four African Americans and seven women to have repeatedly ranked among the world 's most influential people by TIME magazine .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c1075910721298b80016220934c4a600", "text": "Sloane Hospital for Women The Sloane Hospital for Women is the obstetrics and gynecology service within New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City . Sloane Maternity Hospital was founded in 1886 based upon a donation from William D. Sloane and his wife , Emily Thorn Vanderbilt , the granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt , to Columbia P&S . It was located on the P&S campus in Midtown Manhattan at Amsterdam Avenue and 59th Street , serving as a teaching facility for P&S students , and opened its doors in early 1888 . It soon established a reputation for superior sanitary practices and low mortality rates ; it also linked obstetrics with gynecology , the first hospital in the country to do so . The facility changed its name to Sloane Hospital for Women in 1910 . In 1911 , a new surgical building was added , also funded by the Sloanes . In 1925 , it became part of Presbyterian Hospital , which was operating in affiliation with P&S . During 1928 , it moved with the Hospital to its present location on 168th Street in the Washington Heights area of northern Manhattan . There it maintained its name while occupying several floors of the Presbyterian Hospital building . The Hospital is now part of NewYork-Presbyterian / Morgan Stanley Children 's Hospital still in use today . In its role as both a research and clinical facility , the Sloane Hospital for Women has pioneered many advances in the field , including the Apgar score , the use of rhogam , and amniocentesis . In February 1915 , an outbreak of typhoid occurred among twenty-five nurses and attendants in the hospital , two of whom later died . The outbreak was later traced to Typhoid Mary , who had violated an agreement she had made with the city not to return to the cooking profession . -LSB- CITATION NEEDED -RSB- Notable people born at Sloane include National Geographic photographer Gordon Gahan and former First Lady of the United States Nancy Reagan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a26ce6ee1546fa0e0e4b54346374b047", "text": "Anna Simms Banks Anna Simms Banks ( 1862 -- 1923 ) was an African-American educator and political figure from Winchester , Kentucky . After women gained the right to vote in the United States in 1920 , she was a fully credited delegate at the 7th Congressional District Republican Convention in Kentucky , reported to be the first African-American female to hold such a position in the southern part of the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c684fec2bd79808723da87faacbbb82", "text": "Barbara Ross-Lee Barbara Ross-Lee ( born June 1 , 1942 ) is a physician and the first African-American woman to become a medical school dean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b96a7eadae7d14c8c236f8fb3481666", "text": "New York Woman New York Woman was a magazine that blended features on fashion and the arts , literary and humorous essays , and consumer-oriented services pieces such as reviews of restaurants , shops or films . Its target audience was intelligent women living in the New York Metropolitan area . It was launched as a bimonthly by the Esquire Magazine Group Inc. in 1986 . The first issue was published in September-October of that year . The mergers-and-acquisitions specialist Bruce Wasserstein of Wasserstein Perella reportedly brokered the magazine 's sale to American Express Publishing , publisher of Travel + Leisure and Food & Wine . New York Woman '' 's founding publisher was Julie Lewit-Nirenberg , who was later the founding publisher of Mirabella , often referred to as a smart woman 's fashion magazine . Later she was a director of special projects at Conde-Nast . The magazine 's founding editor was Betsy Carter ( who went on to work for O , The Oprah Magazine , Oprah Winfrey 's magazine ) . The French graphic designer Fabien Baron used his creative director position at the magazine as an opportunity to further develop relationships with important clients in the fashion business such as Barneys and Calvin Klein . After leaving New York Woman , Baron continued to earn accolades for his fashion-oriented work in advertising and for magazines such as Harper 's Bazaar . Writers included the playwright Wendy Wasserstein , the Andy Warhol superstar Viva , the sociologist Barbara Ehrenreich , the comedy writer Merrill Markoe , the actress Theresa Meeker and Maureen Orth , who later wrote for Vanity Fair magazine.New York Woman '' ceased publication in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c90d8d450d48b4f16327bda8441a62a4", "text": "National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress is one of the annual awards given by the National Society of Film Critics . This awards was given for the first time in 1967 to Marjorie Rhodes for her role in The Family Way . Meryl Streep won this award three times ( record ) : in 1978 for The Deer Hunter , in 1979 for Kramer vs. Kramer , for Manhattan and for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and in 2006 for The Devil Wears Prada and for A Prairie Home Companion . Anjelica Huston ( 1985 and 1989 ) , Dianne Wiest ( 1986 and 1994 ) , Patricia Clarkson ( 2002 and 2003 ) and Amy Adams ( 2005 and 2012 ) each won the award two times . In 2009 , Mo'Nique became the first African-American to win in this category for her performance in Precious .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8b6397c9919fcf5153905962b6568e3", "text": "Dovey Johnson Roundtree Dovey Johnson Roundtree ( born April 17 , 1914 ) is an African-American civil rights activist , ordained minister , and attorney . Her 1955 victory before the Interstate Commerce Commission in the first bus desegregation case to be brought before the ICC resulted in the only explicit repudiation of the `` separate but equal '' doctrine in the field of interstate bus transportation by a court or federal administrative body . That case , Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company ( 64 MCC 769 ( 1955 ) ) , which Dovey Roundtree argued with her law partner and mentor Julius Winfield Robertson , was invoked by Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy during the 1961 Freedom Riders ' campaign in his successful battle to compel the Interstate Commerce Commission to enforce its rulings and end Jim Crow in public transportation . Roundtree was saluted by First Lady Michelle Obama on the occasion of the release of her 2009 autobiography , Justice Older than the Law , which Roundtree co-authored with Washington journalist Katie McCabe and which won the 2009 Letitia Woods Brown Award from the Association of Black Women Historians . In a letter made public at a July 23 , 2009 tribute to Roundtree at the Women in Military Service for America Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery , the First Lady cited Roundtree 's historic contributions to the law , the military and the ministry , and stated : `` It is on the shoulders of people like Dovey Johnson Roundtree that we stand today , and it is with her commitment to our core ideals that we will continue moving toward a better tomorrow . '' A protégé of black activist and educator Mary McLeod Bethune , Roundtree was selected by Bethune for the first class of African-American women to be trained as officers in the newly created Women 's Army Auxiliary Corps ( later the Women 's Army Corps ) during World War II . In 1961 she became one of the first women to receive full ministerial status in the African Methodist Episcopal Church , which had just begun ordaining women at a level beyond mere preachers in 1960 . With her controversial admission to the all-white Women 's Bar of the District of Columbia in 1962 , she broke the color bar for minority women in the Washington legal community . In one of Washington 's most sensational and widely covered murder cases , United States v. Ray Crump , tried in the summer of 1965 on the eve of the Watts riots , Roundtree won acquittal for the black laborer accused of the murder of Georgetown socialite ( and former wife of a CIA officer ) Mary Pinchot Meyer , a woman with romantic ties to President John F. Kennedy . The founding partner of the Washington , D.C. law firm of Roundtree , Knox , Hunter and Parker in 1970 following the death of her first law partner Julius Robertson in 1961 , Roundtree was special consultant for legal affairs to the AME Church , and General Counsel to the National Council of Negro Women . She was the inspiration for actress Cicely Tyson 's depiction of a maverick civil rights lawyer in the television series `` Sweet Justice '' , and the recipient , along with retired Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor , of the American Bar Association 's 2000 Margaret Brent Women Lawyers of Achievement Award . In 2011 a scholarship fund was created in her name by the Charlotte Chapter of the National Alumnae Association of Spelman College . Roundtree also received the 2011 Torchbearer Award from the Women 's Bar Association of the District of Columbia , the organization which she integrated in 1962 . In March 2013 an affordable senior living facility in the Southeast Washington DC community where she ministered was named `` The Roundtree Residences '' in her honor . She turned 100 in April 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "725c46586672c78dac93e97326fd83a4", "text": "AUDELCO AUDELCO , the Audience Development Committee , Inc. , was established in 1973 by the late Vivian Robinson to honor excellence in New York City African American Theatre through presentation of Vivan Robinson/AUDELCO Recognition Awards ( a.k.a. Viv awards ) . The awards were created to promote `` recognition , understanding and awareness of the arts in the African-American community '' . The AUDELCO Viv awards recognize the following , whether Broadway or off-Broadway : Productions by Black companies Shows written or directed by Blacks Black actors in shows AUDELCO has an office in Central Harlem , New York City The President is Grace Jones and the board of directors consistsof : A.Curtis Farrow ; Ralph Carter , Toni Peterson , Jacqueline Feffries ; Linda Armstrong ; Honorable Donna M. Mills ; Fred R.Powell ; Mary Seymour ; Dale Richardo Shields ; Terrence Spivey ; Ronald Stone Esq and Mary B. Davis Chair Emeritus . The organization has thousands of members , a newsletter , and a black theater collection of books , photos , slides and scripts as well as an extensive clipping file on black theater companies and productions . The AUDELCO awards are limited to productions mounted by professional , not-for-profit theater organizations which have been in existence for at least two years and have had a minimum of 500 hours of rehearsal , performance , or training . Additionally , productions have to have been performed over 12 times between September 1 of one year and August 31 of the next . Workshop productions and works-in-progress are not eligible . The AUDELCO Viv awards allow celebrities and everyday people to get to share their love of theater and their appreciation for the incredible performances , scripts , direction , costumes and sets that have been presented during the last theater season . Michael O'Hare was the first white actor to win this award presented by the black theater community of New York for his performance in the play `` Shades of Brown '' which examined the effects of apartheid in South Africa . ( Former AUDELOC awardees included , Kerry Washington ( AUDELCO 's first Rising star ) ; Samuel L. Jackson ; Phylicia Rashad ; Debbie Allen ; Denzel Washington , Barbara Montgomery , Sanaa Lathan and others ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f380496e6714dece476b5139a850743c", "text": "Jean Bell Jean Bell ( born Annie Lee Morgan on November 23 , 1944 in St. Louis , Missouri ) was one of the first of Playboy magazine 's African-American Playmates of the Month .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a028d29c676aa945e0e3ecd4aa13bbbd", "text": "Queen Latifah Dana Elaine Owens ( born March 18 , 1970 ) , known professionally by her stage name Queen Latifah , is an American rapper , songwriter , singer , actress , model , television producer , record producer , and talk show host . Born in Newark , New Jersey , she signed with Tommy Boy Records in 1989 and released her debut album All Hail the Queen the same year , featuring the hit single `` Ladies First '' . Her second album , Nature of a Sista ( 1991 ) , was her final album with Tommy Boy Records . Latifah starred as Khadijah James on the FOX sitcom Living Single , from 1993 to 1998 . Her third album Black Reign ( 1993 ) , spawned the single `` U.N.I.T.Y. '' , which won a Grammy Award and was successful on the Billboard Hot 100 . She then starred in the lead role of Set It Off ( 1996 ) and released her fourth album , Order in the Court , in 1998 , with Motown Records . Latifah gained mainstream success and acclaim with her performance in the film Chicago ( 2002 ) , receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . Latifah released her fifth album The Dana Owens Album in 2004 , and has since appeared in a number of films , such as Bringing Down the House ( 2003 ) , Taxi ( 2004 ) , Barbershop 2 : Back in Business ( 2005 ) , Beauty Shop ( 2005 ) , Last Holiday ( 2006 ) , Hairspray ( 2007 ) and Joyful Noise ( 2012 ) . In 2007 and 2009 , she released two more studio albums -- Trav ` lin ' Light and Persona . She created the daytime talk show The Queen Latifah Show , which ran from late 2013 to early 2015 on CBS . Latifah received critical acclaim for her portrayal of blues singer Bessie Smith in the HBO film Bessie ( 2015 ) , which she co-produced , winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie . She has long been considered one of hip-hop 's pioneer feminists . Queen Latifah received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2006 . Latifah 's work in music , film and television has earned her a Grammy Award , an Emmy Award , a Golden Globe award , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , two NAACP Image Awards , an Academy Award nomination and sales of over two million records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f163960632a1463126dc2b29711c2db", "text": "Tamara Dobson Tamara Janice Dobson ( May 14 , 1947 - October 2 , 2006 ) was an African-American actress and fashion model . Though she appeared in a few films in Hollywood , she became best known for her title roles in the 1973 Blaxploitation film Cleopatra Jones and its 1975 sequel Cleopatra Jones and the Casino of Gold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35bca638afdee0db2a7eb8145061856d", "text": "Black Inches Black Inches was a US-based gay pornographic magazine featuring African-American men . Published by Mavety Media alongside magazines such as Mandate , it was established in 1993 and folded in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eb2f5b9d14a84827312546480a53d12", "text": "Althea Gibson Althea Gibson ( August 25 , 1927 -- September 28 , 2003 ) was an American tennis player and professional golfer , and the first black athlete to cross the color line of international tennis . In 1956 , she became the first person of color to win a Grand Slam title ( the French Open ) . The following year she won both Wimbledon and the U.S. Nationals ( precursor of the U.S. Open ) , then won both again in 1958 , and was voted Female Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press in both years . In all , she won 11 Grand Slam tournaments , including six doubles titles , and was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame and the International Women 's Sports Hall of Fame . `` She is one of the greatest players who ever lived , '' said Robert Ryland , a tennis contemporary and former coach of Venus and Serena Williams . `` Martina could n't touch her . I think she 'd beat the Williams sisters . '' In the early 1960s she also became the first black player to compete on the women 's professional golf tour . At a time when racism and prejudice were widespread in sports and in society , Gibson was often compared to Jackie Robinson . `` Her road to success was a challenging one , '' said Billie Jean King , `` but I never saw her back down . '' `` To anyone , she was an inspiration , because of what she was able to do at a time when it was enormously difficult to play tennis at all if you were black , '' said former New York City Mayor David Dinkins . `` I am honored to have followed in such great footsteps , '' wrote Venus Williams . `` Her accomplishments set the stage for my success , and through players like myself and Serena and many others to come , her legacy will live on . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4549217682cc57d5dad834ac0ee80fa9", "text": "Sex columnist A sex columnist is a writer of a newspaper or magazine column about sex . Sex advice columns may take the form of essays or , more frequently , answers to questions posed by readers . Sex advice columns can usually be found in alt weekly newspapers , women 's magazines , health or fitness magazines , and student newspapers . While some are written by trained sexologists , many are penned by people lacking credentials in human sexuality and relationships , yet willing to divulge their opinions or personal bedroom antics . The television series Sex and the City protagonist Carrie Bradshaw was a sex columnist , which author Candace Bushnell modeled after herself in her original non-fiction book based on a column of the same name . The show , which first aired in 1998 , is credited with the increase of sex columnists found in college campus newspapers and blogs , such as at Ivy League colleges and many other schools . One such columnist , Meghan Bainum , at the University of Kansas , Lawrence , placed in the 42nd annual William Randolph Hearst Foundation Journalism Awards Program ( 2001 -- 2002 ) for her column . Anka Radakovich was the first of a new breed of sex columnists for whom `` every detail of the writer 's psyche is splayed across the page ... confessional journalism at its most intimate '' . Radakovich had written for the old Details magazine when it was a chronicle of downtown fashion and night life . After James Truman became editor-in-chief and transformed Details into a men 's magazine , he offered Radakovich a column in September 1990 . She became the first modern-day magazine sex columnist working for a mainstream men 's publication .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93557d438ca9fe0d4d0e99c82b58f14f", "text": "Babette March Babette March ( born 1941 ) , pronounced Marx , born Barbara Marchlowitz , formerly Babette Russell , or simply Babette , who is now known by the name Babette Beatty , was the first Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue cover model . She was on the swimsuit issue cover of the January 20 , 1964 , issue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "512bd1cdfcf26d0910e53af15261f5e8", "text": "Sisters of '77 Sisters of '77 is a documentary film that chronicles the 1977 National Women 's Conference in Houston , Texas in November 1977 . The purpose of the National Women 's Conference was to end discrimination against women and promote their equal rights . The conference was federally funded conference , and brought together over 20,000 women and men from around the United States . Sisters of '77 provides a look at a pivotal weekend that changed the course of history and the lives of the women who attended . The film incorporates rare archival footage and interviews of leaders relating this history to the present . The conference attendees included former first ladies Lady Bird Johnson , Betty Ford , and Rosalynn Carter . The women present included Republicans , Democrats , African Americans , Asian Americans , Latinas , Native American , pro-choice , pro-life , straight , gay , liberal and conservative women . The most influential leaders attending included Bella Abzug , Betty Friedan , Gloria Steinem , Eleanor Smeal , Ann Richards , Coretta Scott King , Billie Jean King , and Barbara Jordan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bacc555f87e95577f87619ced67ad344", "text": "Esquire (UK Edition) Esquire Magazine ( UK edition ) is a monthly magazine for men owned by the National Magazine Company , a subsidiary of the US-based Hearst Corporation . The first edition was published Spring/Summer 1991 . The magazine features articles on luxe design and culture , food , business and technology , style , music and books . It is pitched at a similarly upscale audience to GQ , attempting to offer a more adult read than lad mags like Maxim and FHM . Each month , Esquire Magazine features famous celebrities on its cover : recent cover girls have included Katy Perry and Rachel Weisz ; and male celebrities from Jeff Bridges and Jake Gyllenhaal to Dizzee Rascal have appeared on the cover . The first cover star was Brigitte Bardot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8136796421f07a30f9447f24b4282264", "text": "Gay City News Gay City News is a free weekly newspaper based in New York City that focuses on local and national issues relating to the lesbian , gay , bisexual and transgender ( LGBT ) community . It was founded in 1994 as Lesbian Gay New York , later LGNY , and was sold to Community Media LLC , owner of The Villager , in 2002 , which renamed the publication . It is the largest LGBT newspaper in the United States , with a circulation of 47,000 . Gay City News came into existence after several incarnations . The newspaper began to form in the late 1980s after the collapse of the LGBT newsmagazine OUTWEEK ( which came into existence in 1989 to compete against the then-dominant New York Native -- which itself folded in 1997 ) . OUTWEEK was famous for firebrand activist style journalism and provided groundbreaking coverage of a then nascent gay civil rights movement . It was one of the first publications to undertake scientific reporting on the growing AIDS crisis . After an investor squabble that closed the magazine , Troy Masters , then an advertising director at OUTWEEK , led the formation of a group to create a new publication ; that publication became known as QW ( or `` QueerWeek '' ) , the first glossy gay magazine , and was funded by William F. Chafin . Mr. Chafin died before the publication could make a profit , and the magazine was closed upon his death . Two years later , Masters sought to establish a newspaper and founded LGNY ( Which stood for `` Lesbian-Gay New York '' ) . LGNY published for eight years and was relaunched in 2002 as Gay City News . Its current editor-in-chief is Paul Schindler , and the associate editor is Duncan Osborne .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea7ca9dd517e4cd8c5263e7f080f0a2e", "text": "Black Feminist Future Black Feminist Future is a social community formed by the black feminist organizations to empower black women in United States for the recent cultural shift , digital movement and engaging both black women and girls in the current pulse of movements . It is a platform to unite black women from all over the world to share their point of view about what it is being a black woman in US both socially and politically . The basic purpose of this community is to change the mindset of the people as well as the internal thoughts of black women about herself as being a neglected part of the society and to change the racial policies that are present in the US culture from a very long time while advancing intersectional strategies , making innovative and determinable solutions for bringing a change in society . They recently have launched a movement named as `` Freedom Dreams 2016 '' . Their first initiative in this regard is that they have made visioning saloons known as the platforms to build vision and movement that centers the African-American feminist lives . Now , they want to make a change by coming into politics and revising the laws made up to defend the white for their wrong doings in this situation of racial discrimination . In order to find some entrance into the politics , they have selected a theme for their Visioning Saloons this year as `` Freedom Dreams : Black Feminist Visioning Our Political Future '' that will help them in defining a center and vision of Black Women and Girls . As women are women , whether they are black or white , Asians or Americans or even if they belong to any part of the world , they have every right to enjoy equal rights whether they are at work , at home or contributing their efforts for the betterment of their society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5aef7a7f4e523b38dd15722d4fab5bf9", "text": "Julia Ringwood Coston Julia Ringwood Coston was a 19th-century Afro-American publisher and magazine editor . In 1891 , she founded Ringwood 's Afro-American Journal of Fashion , the first illustrated paper for black women .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "025b004aacf185183726e3c82104f469", "text": "Renee Tenison Reneé Tenison ( born December 2 , 1968 ) is an American model , actress , and the first African-American selected to be the Playboy Playmate of the Year ( 1990 ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8aff714323a87c8af133cd2ce0125a29	Lydia Hearst is a lifestyle blogger and model.	[ { "docid": "c418eca6091a5be4fd6731c14587cc89", "text": "Lydia Hearst Lydia Marie Hearst-Shaw Hardwick ( born September 19 , 1984 ) , commonly known as Lydia Hearst , is an American fashion model , actress , lifestyle blogger , and heiress to the publishing fortune established by her maternal great-grandfather , William Randolph Hearst .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "895edc76db691eca935e0597be68d93d", "text": "Expecting Models Expecting Models is the first agency of its kind that specializes in providing professional pregnant models and actresses for the fashion and commercial world . Founded in New York City in 2001 by Elliott-Ramirez , a former fashion model herself , Expecting Models represents real moms , their babies and real families . The agency gives models and actresses the opportunity to keep working , but in a different segment of the industry -- enabling talent to work from pregnancy thru post-delivery . Expecting Models , Inc. is a licensed , bonded and SAG franchised agency and has quarters in New York City and Los Angeles . Their fashion clients include Motherswork , Gap , Target , Cadeau , Liz Lange , Nordstrom and Destination Maternity . Additionally , Expecting Models provides with models for print magazines like Fit Pregnancy , Pregnancy & New Born and 9 Plus Bebe Mama Magazine . Expecting Models is also featured in the show `` Runway Moms '' , broadcast on the Discovery Health Channel . In the show , Liza Elliott-Ramirez becomes a maternity expert for her models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04b138db704e979e20502f8ba2ea9289", "text": "Top Model Top Model or Next Top Model is a fashion-themed reality television show format produced in many countries throughout the world and seen in over 120 countries producing over 200 seasons ( referred to as `` cycles '' ) . The show takes the form of a modeling competition whose winners typically receive a contract with a major modeling agency and a cover shoot and fashion photo spread in a fashion magazine . The format was created by Tyra Banks for the original series , America 's Next Top Model which was first aired in 2003 , produced by Ken Mok 's 10 by 10 Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be5bb4deb06f3985e9e3ca6e87b581de", "text": "Walter Scott's Personality Parade `` Walter Scott 's Personality Parade '' is a column in Parade magazine featuring celebrity gossip . As of 2001 Edward Klein is the author of the column , which is in the inside cover of the magazine . For a 33 year period beginning with the column 's establishment in 1958 , it was written by Lloyd Shearer while he used the name Walter Scott . In this column he discussed rumors about celebrities using a question and answer style . Joyce Wadler of The New York Times stated that the column 's readership was 50 million `` in its heyday '' . Elaine Woo of the Los Angeles Times wrote that `` It may have been the most widely read column in the country '' under Shearer and that under Klein it continued to be the `` most popular feature '' in the magazine . Lloyd Shearer 's assistants sorted through reader mail to separate what Woo described as `` those that were confusing or from crackpots , who were as legion as his legitimate and well-placed sources . '' Under Shearer the column received around 4,000 to 7,000 reader letters . One given topic may be the subject of up to 100 of those letters at a time . Shearer 's children often assisted Shearer with his publication . His son Derek Shearer , along with Lloyd Shearer 's editor and other family members , stated that the questions printed in the column were composites of those submitted by readers and that Lloyd Shearer himself did not make any of the questions . Wadler stated `` it was known that Mr. Shearer wrote many of the questions '' . Woo wrote that `` Some journalists suggested that he made up many questions to suit his own agenda . '' During the time he wrote the column Shearer had copyrighted its name . During Shearer 's rule , popular publications and political magazines analyzed `` Personality Parade . '' A compilation of several columns , Parade : The Best of Walter Scott 's Personality Parade From the Fifties through the Nineties , was published in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e022bc271f1089d1e5d39874fc22bb46", "text": "Listings magazine A listings magazine is a magazine which is largely dedicated to information about the upcoming week 's events such as broadcast programming , music , clubs , theatre and film information . The BBC 's Radio Times was the world 's first listings magazine when it was founded in 1923 to compete with daily newspapers , which had hitherto fulfilled the role . . With the expansion of broadcast media many others have followed , expanding the format to include columns about media production and personalities , such as TV Hebdo ( Québec ) in Canada , TV Guide in the US and hundreds of others worldwide . Broadcast guides are normally published either with a Saturday or Sunday newspaper or are published weekly or fortnightly . It has become a highly competitive area of publishing . Other listings magazines have started from a primary base in cultural events , such as Time Out magazine in the UK . Most major cities worldwide have one or many more such publications . During the politically charged 1970s and 1980s , many of these magazines , in the UK at least , played a progressive role as part of the alternative press and had a reputation for leftward leaning investigative and campaigning journalism . They were some of the first consumer magazines to carry lists of `` agitprop '' events . City Limits was probably the most outspoken of all UK-based listings magazines but almost all followed Time Out 's lead of including space for lesbian and gay events and clubs . In certain areas of the UK which were previously dominated by the old guard of regional newspapers , which were traditionally more conservative in outlook , this was the first time that gay issues were put on a par with others - this was particularly true of Bristol 's Venue ( magazine ) , Southampton 's Due South Magazine , and to a lesser extent Manchester 's City Life where the local press ( Manchester Evening News ) had been at times at least , a little more tolerant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07f90d7599126aa8b47f8f972909e731", "text": "Lydia Emily Lydia Emily , aka Lydia emily Archibald , is a street artist , muralist , and oil painter . Her signature style is realistic oil portraits with political and current themes . Her portraits are always painted on the Sunday New York Times sealed to canvas . She then translates her oil paintings into large murals in cities like New York , San Francisco , Los Angeles , Berlin , and the U.S. Virgin Islands . Lydia Emily is considered one of few prominent and prolific female street artists in a predominantly male field . In 2012 Lydiaemily founded The Karma Underground or TKU a not for profit that advocates for a free Tibet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "041f7c9fa51f5961e362d7624477d630", "text": "Notes from the Road Notes from the Road is an American online travel journal and blog founded in 1999 by travel writer Erik Gauger , which focuses primarily on North America . Forbes magazine praised the site in 2008 for having `` photos worthy of National Geographic '' , and called it the best-looking travel blog they had seen . Forbes also noted that the navigation system was poor and that links were often overlaid over photographs . Notes from the Road was also picked as a favorite website by Time Magazine in 2005 . According to the site , `` Notes from the Road is a project in experimental travel writing - it is about subjective travel ; the kind of real world of random things and real people . '' The focus of the travelogue is not in specific destinations , but in the subjects of travel , from cultural history , to biology , and to the importance of travel writing in society . Gauger founded the site in January 2000 to let friends know about his travels , and has since broadened to include other content such as details about political disputes between preservationists and developers in various parts of the globe . Notes from the Road covers travel issues which are rarely covered by the travel media , such as controversial environmental battles such as those on Great Guana Cay and Sand Mountain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be8f8f38ffa3f6effc064a35e8fb49ad", "text": "Sylk Magazine Sylk Magazine is an online men 's magazine launched in June 2004 . Sylk features a mix of socio-political editorial combined with pictorials of scantily clad female models ( the `` Sylk Girls '' ) . Sylk Magazine was one of the first men 's magazines to forsake print and embrace 100 % Internet distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb355980387e79da12e828b7cff2a2e5", "text": "List of family-and-homemaking blogs Family-and-homemaking blogs are weblogs that feature commentary and discussions especially about home , family , and parenting . Appellations in media reports of `` mom blog , '' `` dad blog , '' `` parenting blog '' and `` family blog '' refer to blogs of this type . Businesses seek to run advertising for household items and children 's merchandise on blogs of this type . The greater proportion of authors of blogs of this type are women .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddf08f4c24e7aeaa2c012f56de9fbb50", "text": "Dandy A dandy historically , is a man who places particular importance upon physical appearance , refined language , and leisurely hobbies , pursued with the appearance of nonchalance in a cult of self . A dandy could be a self-made man who strove to imitate an aristocratic lifestyle despite coming from a middle-class background , especially in late 18th - and early 19th-century Britain . Previous manifestations of the petit-maître ( French for small master ) and the Muscadin have been noted by John C. Prevost , but the modern practice of dandyism first appeared in the revolutionary 1790s , both in London and in Paris . The dandy cultivated cynical reserve , yet to such extremes that novelist George Meredith , himself no dandy , once defined cynicism as `` intellectual dandyism . '' Some took a more benign view ; Thomas Carlyle wrote in Sartor Resartus that a dandy was no more than `` a clothes-wearing man '' . Honoré de Balzac introduced the perfectly worldly and unmoved Henri de Marsay in La fille aux yeux d'or ( 1835 ) , a part of La Comédie Humaine , who fulfils at first the model of a perfect dandy , until an obsessive love-pursuit unravels him in passionate and murderous jealousy . Charles Baudelaire defined the dandy , in the later `` metaphysical '' phase of dandyism , as one who elevates æsthetics to a living religion , that the dandy 's mere existence reproaches the responsible citizen of the middle class : `` Dandyism in certain respects comes close to spirituality and to stoicism '' and `` These beings have no other status , but that of cultivating the idea of beauty in their own persons , of satisfying their passions , of feeling and thinking ... . Dandyism is a form of Romanticism . Contrary to what many thoughtless people seem to believe , dandyism is not even an excessive delight in clothes and material elegance . For the perfect dandy , these things are no more than the symbol of the aristocratic superiority of mind . '' The linkage of clothing with political protest had become a particularly English characteristic during the 18th century . Given these connotations , dandyism can be seen as a political protest against the levelling of egalitarian principles , often including nostalgic adherence to feudal or pre-industrial values , such as the ideals of `` the perfect gentleman '' or `` the autonomous aristocrat '' . Paradoxically , the dandy required an audience , as Susann Schmid observed in examining the `` successfully marketed lives '' of Oscar Wilde and Lord Byron , who exemplify the dandy 's roles in the public sphere , both as writers and as personae providing sources of gossip and scandal . Nigel Rodgers in The Dandy : Peacock or Enigma ? questions Wilde 's status as a genuine dandy , seeing him as someone who only assumed a dandified stance in passing , not a man dedicated to the exacting ideals of dandyism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad8c60a05d7dac92c8d85c7fbe9732c7", "text": "Alternative lifestyle An alternative lifestyle is a lifestyle diverse in respect to mainstream ones , or generally perceived to be outside the cultural norm . Lifestyle is a media culture term derived from the concept of style in art . Usually , but not always , it implies an affinity or identification within some matching subculture ( e.g. hippies , goths and punks ) . Some people with alternative lifestyles mix elements from various subcultures ( grunge musicians were often influenced by a mixture of the punk , hippie , emo and heavy metal subcultures ) . Not all minority lifestyles are held to be `` alternative '' , so the term tends to apply to newer forms of lifestyle , often based upon enlarged freedoms ( especially in the sphere of social styles ) , or a decision to substitute another approach , or to not follow the usual expected path in most societies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e82435d1c4570d2b9561ad1448da1ea8", "text": "Alix Bancourt Alix Bancourt is a fashion blogger who goes by the name The Cherry Blossom Girl . She is based in Paris , France . The title of Alix 's blog , The Cherry Blossom Girl , comes from the French band Air 's song `` Cherry Blossom Girl '' . Her blog is written in French and translated to English by Victoria Morrison . Alix is a fashion school graduate who has interned for Chloé and Alexander McQueen before starting her site in 2007 . Her style is known for its use of pastels , flower prints and whimsical colors . Alix enjoys spending her time drawing and sewing and designs most of the clothing that she wears . Bancourt discovered through the creation of her blog , The Cherry Blossom Girl , that she likes to create and photograph thematic scenes to showcase her outfits , despite never having studied photography before . In 2010 , photographer Scott Schuman snapped a picture of Alix during Paris Fashion Week that Crate & Barrel later used in a marketing campaign . Bancourt has released a lingerie line , entitled `` Miranda , '' in collaboration with Etam . But before becoming a fashion designer , Bancourt was interested in becoming an illustrator for children 's books and a car/furniture designer . Some of Alix Bancourt 's favourite fashion designers are Balenciaga , Givenchy , Marni , Miu Miu , and Lanvin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd7717dfcea42638a230e7bd2340825f", "text": "Curbed Curbed is an American real-estate blog network founded by Lockhart Steele . there are area-specific editions for Atlanta , Austin , Boston , Chicago , Detroit , the Hamptons , Los Angeles , Miami , New Orleans , New York City , Philadelphia , San Francisco , Seattle , Washington , D.C. , and North American ski towns . There 's also a National site , founded in 2010 , that Steele once described as `` Architectural Digest after a three-martini lunch . '' The site hosts an annual contest , the Curbed Cup , to pick the best neighborhood in each city . The Curbed Network also includes dining website Eater and fashion website Racked . On November 10 , 2013 , The New York Times reported that Vox Media had purchased the Curbed Network . The paper reported that the cash-and-stock deal was worth between $ 20 million and $ 30 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b96a7eadae7d14c8c236f8fb3481666", "text": "New York Woman New York Woman was a magazine that blended features on fashion and the arts , literary and humorous essays , and consumer-oriented services pieces such as reviews of restaurants , shops or films . Its target audience was intelligent women living in the New York Metropolitan area . It was launched as a bimonthly by the Esquire Magazine Group Inc. in 1986 . The first issue was published in September-October of that year . The mergers-and-acquisitions specialist Bruce Wasserstein of Wasserstein Perella reportedly brokered the magazine 's sale to American Express Publishing , publisher of Travel + Leisure and Food & Wine . New York Woman '' 's founding publisher was Julie Lewit-Nirenberg , who was later the founding publisher of Mirabella , often referred to as a smart woman 's fashion magazine . Later she was a director of special projects at Conde-Nast . The magazine 's founding editor was Betsy Carter ( who went on to work for O , The Oprah Magazine , Oprah Winfrey 's magazine ) . The French graphic designer Fabien Baron used his creative director position at the magazine as an opportunity to further develop relationships with important clients in the fashion business such as Barneys and Calvin Klein . After leaving New York Woman , Baron continued to earn accolades for his fashion-oriented work in advertising and for magazines such as Harper 's Bazaar . Writers included the playwright Wendy Wasserstein , the Andy Warhol superstar Viva , the sociologist Barbara Ehrenreich , the comedy writer Merrill Markoe , the actress Theresa Meeker and Maureen Orth , who later wrote for Vanity Fair magazine.New York Woman '' ceased publication in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "455e715c4f05d3549020a743ce519d72", "text": "Kiss (Irish magazine) Kiss ( stylised as KISS ) was an Irish magazine aimed at a teenage market containing knowledge about adolescent matters such as fashion advice , confessions , features on teenage cultural icons , relationship advice and problem pages with solutions especially designed for teenage readers . It is part of the VIP publishing franchise of Michael O'Doherty . Kiss was launched on 31 October 2002 as the first of O'Doherty 's solo business ventures . He had previously engaged in a number of co-ordinated business ventures in Ireland with his former business partner John Ryan ; Kiss succeeded the co-owned establishments of Magill in 1997 and VIP in 1999 and preceded later titles such as the glossy monthly targeted at women in the age group of eighteen to thirty-four Stellar and the failed New York Dog venture in New York City . Kiss is published at 2-4 Ely Place in Dublin 2 . Kiss '' 's rivals are the United Kingdom 's Bliss and Sugar . Upon its launch Kiss was lauded in the Irish media for its attempts to contribute to a more liberal and sexualised Ireland , one where the influence of the Roman Catholic Church had declined dramatically in the preceding decade . Only three decades previously , such teenage-oriented magazines were much more reserved in their content and approach and even the titles , i.e. Jackie and Blue Jeans , were not as outspoken as the word `` kiss '' in capitalised letters . Kiss was launched by O'Doherty 's publishing company as a response to the increasing popularity of similar , albeit British-based , publications such as Bliss and Sugar . It launched on 31 October 2002 , at the original ( much-deflated by current standards ) price of $ 2.50 and aimed at female readers between the ages of fourteen and seventeen . The first issue featured heavily its mantra of dealing with teenage problems , including articles on school bullying and the difficulties of blushing , written in a `` chatty and informative '' manner so as not to `` patronise '' the target audience . However O'Doherty is adamant that his magazine will not encourage young children to `` sleep with their boyfriends by providing How-To-Pleasure-Your-Fella features '' . To supplement its tone Kiss employs experts on what teenagers consider fashionable , with its so-called `` agony aunt '' being Sarah Scully , a child psychologist in Saint James 's Hospital , Dublin . Upon its launch the magazine was edited by Susan Vasquez , now editor of O'Doherty 's Stellar '' . The magazine is currently edited by Nathalie Màrquez Courtney . Kiss published its last issue in September 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dff946c95d64a2f128ce9706cc43c6a9", "text": "Lookbook.nu `` Lookbook.nu '' is a fashion , youth culture , and community website , created by Yuri Lee in San Francisco . It was inspired by street fashion websites and blogs such as The Sartorialist and The Cobrasnake and designed for users to post their own street-fashion photography , featuring themselves and their outfits . The site has been called the `` Digg.com for fashion insiders . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e69a64d47fca93042b06930419dcead2", "text": "Stuff White People Like Stuff White People Like ( sometimes known by the initialism SWPL ) is a blog that takes a satirical aim at the interests of North American `` left-leaning , city-dwelling , white people '' . The blog was created in January 2008 by a white Canadian , Christian Lander , a Los Angeles copywriter who grew up in Toronto and graduated from McGill University in Montreal . Lander co-authored the site with his Filipino Canadian friend Myles Valentin , after Valentin teased Lander for watching the HBO television series The Wire . Lander 's blog became popular very quickly , registering over 300,000 daily hits and over 40 million total hits by the end of September 2008 . Although the blog `` has spurred an outpouring from those who view it as offensive and racist '' , it is not about the interests of all white people , but rather a stereotype of affluent , environmentally and socially conscious , anti-corporate white North Americans , who typically hold a degree in the liberal arts . Lander claims to be lampooning contemporary versions of bohemian/hipster culture , and jokingly refers to other classes and subcultures of white people as `` the wrong kind of white people '' . Despite the site 's satirical edge , Lander regards the people he describes with affection and numbers himself among them , describing himself as `` a self-aware , left-wing person who 's not afraid to recognize the selfishness and contradictions that come on the left . '' The initialism `` SWPL '' has been adopted in some circles as a ( usually pejorative ) shorthand term for the type of people depicted on the blog . A book ( Stuff White People Like : A Definitive Guide to the Unique Taste of Millions ) was released on July 1 , 2008 . Lander is listed as the sole author of the book , although some of its content comes from the blog posts written by Valentin . The book remained on The New York Times bestseller list for months . Lander was reportedly given a $ 300,000 advance by Random House , the book 's publisher . He released a sequel ( Whiter Shades of Pale : The Stuff White People Like , Coast to Coast from Seattle 's Sweaters to Maine 's Microbrews ) on November 23 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "807846810969166a5b26e7344e72285f", "text": "Annie Morton Annie Morton ( born October 8 , 1970 ) is an American model born in Pennsylvania . She has appeared on the covers of British Vogue , ID , Marie Claire , and other magazines . She has been photographed by Helmut Newton ; Peter Lindbergh ; Annie Leibovitz ; Richard Avedon ; Juergen Teller ; Paul Jasmin , Mary Ellen Mark and Terry Richardson , and modeled for Donna Karan , Givenchy , Guerlain , Chanel , Harper 's Bazaar , Sports Illustrated and Victoria 's Secret . A long time vegetarian , an advocate for organic lifestyle choices and natural healthcare . She co-founded Tsi-La Organics , a `` Green Luxury '' company that creates and sells vegan , organic perfume and skin care products .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0cccd10239f4f507669a78a56f38f81", "text": "Page 3 Page 3 is a colloquial term for a feature formerly included in the British tabloid newspaper The Sun . The phrase originates with the publication of a large photograph of a topless , bare-breasted female glamour model which was usually published on the print edition 's third page . The feature first appeared in the newspaper on 17 November 1970 and on the official Page 3 website since June 1999 , where it still continues . The terms `` Page 3 '' and `` Page Three '' are registered trademarks of News UK , parent company of The Sun , although the feature has been imitated in Britain 's other ` red top ' tabloids and by newspapers internationally . Page 3 was popular with Sun readers , but it also attracted sustained controversy . Critics argued that Page 3 objectifies and demeans women , while others believe that it should not appear in a generally circulated national newspaper . Some campaigners advocated for legislation to ban Page 3 , while others tried to convince newspaper editors to voluntarily drop the feature or modify it so that models no longer appear topless . The No More Page 3 campaign was launched in 2012 . The Irish edition of The Sun dropped topless Page 3 models in August 2013 . After several days of non-appearance , an article appeared in stablemate The Times on 19 January 2015 indicating that the UK editions were dropping the feature too . The 22 January 2015 edition , in what became a one-off revival , was the last to include the feature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a9ebd19a64a5068cb839f6a6cc58901", "text": "Ideal Home Show The Ideal Home Show ( formerly called the Ideal Home Exhibition ) is an annual event in London held at Olympia , London since March 2015 . The show was devised by the Daily Mail newspaper in 1908 and continued to be run by the Daily Mail up until 2009 . It was then sold to events and publishing company Media 10 . Its goal is to bring together everything associated with having an `` ideal home '' , such as the latest inventions for the modern house , and to showcase the latest housing designs . A regular feature of the show for many years was the Ideal House Competition , where designs were invited and the winning schemes erected at the exhibition the following year . The first exhibition was held in 1908 at the Olympia exhibition centre , with sections dedicated to `` phases of home life '' such as construction , food and cookery , furniture and decoration . Demonstrations and contests included an Arts and Crafts competition and a competition to design the `` Ideal Home '' . Wareham Smith , advertising manager of the Daily Mail , founded the exhibition as a marketing event for the newspaper . It was often visited by celebrities and royalty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99f911f45bc8d26b3d4b727498c6ac1d", "text": "Motive NYC Motive NYC Llc . ( More commonly referred to as Motive NYC or Motive ) is a digital design , marketing and branding agency with offices in New York City and Dublin , Ireland . In 2009 Motive launched the Deborah Norville wellness campaign `` New Way RA '' for Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceuticals . The program was created to help severe to moderate Rheumatoid Arthritis patients by offering interviews with leading professionals on health , wellness , fashion , nutrition and fitness . The program featured notable guests such as Clinton Kelly and Ellie Krieger of Food Network . In March 2009 Motive continued their work in the wellness area by executing the wellness campaign `` Fit In Your Skin '' hosted by fitness trainer and nutritionist Jackie Warner . The successful program was geared toward moderate to severe psoriasis patients who sought an alternative outlet for wellness and fitness . The program was in partnership with the National Psoriasis Foundation . Founded by Chris Valentino in 2008 , Motive 's clients include CBS , Time Warner , MTV , Nickelodeon , History , Versus ( TV channel ) , Chiller ( TV channel ) , McDonald 's , The Coca-Cola Company , News Corp , HGTV , Discovery , TLC , TBS , Comedy Central and HBO as well as advertising agencies/PR firms including Saatchi & Saatchi , and GSW . Motive 's unique approach bridges `` story '' with `` brands '' through a marriage of strategy and technology . By staying ahead of the latest trends in technology , motive has become a go to for mobile marketing campaigns . Motive has created award-winning campaigns for Chiller ( Alfred Hitchcock marathon ) , The History Channel ( Battle BC ) and Versus ( Boston Marathon ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
052bd95a4b08b88cb9dd4cfba7c64dd9	KJ Apa was cast as a character in Riverdale in 2016.	[ { "docid": "c5f02e319ba908fd63ba903f7aa8b927", "text": "KJ Apa Keneti James Fitzgerald `` KJ '' Apa ( born 16 June 1997 ) is a New Zealand actor . He is known for playing Kane Jenkins in the New Zealand prime-time soap opera Shortland Street . In 2016 , he was cast as Archie Andrews in Riverdale after a four-month worldwide talent search . In 2015 , he was cast as young Ethan in A Dog 's Purpose , released in 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "698fd4a54eafcd51a57e2850685c3a70", "text": "Hudson Yang Hudson David Yang ( born October 24 , 2003 ) is an American child actor . In 2014 he was cast as the lead in the ABC television series , Fresh Off the Boat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74e47255cdc858f93b6c54c9bfcbe9cb", "text": "LBJ (film) LBJ is a 2017 American political drama film directed by Rob Reiner and written by Joey Hartstone . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Richard Jenkins , Bill Pullman , Kim Allen , Michael Stahl-David , Jennifer Jason Leigh , Jeffrey Donovan , Doug McKeon , and Michael Mosley . Filming began on September 21 , 2015 in New Orleans . It was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival . On October 12 , 2016 at the 27th edition of the New Orleans Film Festival , Rob Reiner accepted the inaugural Career Achievement Award from LBJ lead actor Woody Harrelson . LBJ made a second film festival showing in less than a month . On May 2 , 2017 , it was announced that Dean Devlin 's Electric Entertainment had acquired all of the film 's North American rights and that the film would be released in 2017 . It was then announced on May 4 that the film would be released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "230a0458ab04e67bc8de1d310865dd30", "text": "Smallville (season 7) Season seven of Smallville , an American television series , began airing on September 27 , 2007 . The series recounts the early adventures of Kryptonian Clark Kent as he adjusts to life in the fictional town of Smallville , Kansas , during the years before he becomes Superman . The seventh season comprises 20 episodes and concluded its initial airing on May 15 , 2008 , marking the second season to air on The CW television network . Regular cast members during season seven include Tom Welling , Michael Rosenbaum , Kristin Kreuk , Allison Mack , John Glover , Erica Durance , Aaron Ashmore , and Laura Vandervoort . In addition to bringing in new regular cast members this season , the Smallville team brought in familiar faces from the Superman media history , old villains from the show 's past , as well as new DC Comics characters . This season focuses on Clark Kent meeting his biological cousin Kara ( Vandervoort ) , and teaching her how to control her abilities in public ; Lana Lang 's behavior toward her friends , Lex Luthor , and after it is discovered that she faked her own death ; Chloe coming to terms with her newly discovered kryptonite-induced ability ; and the secret of the Daily Planet 's new editor Grant Gabriel . Towards the end of the season , Clark faces the dual threat from returning villain Brainiac ( James Marsters ) , and Lex 's discovery of his father 's secret society who possess the means to control Clark . The season culminates with a showdown between Lex and Clark at the Fortress of Solitude , wherein the fortress is brought down , setting the series up for the following season . Smallville 's season seven , along with many other American television shows , was caught in the middle of a contract dispute between the Writers Guild of America , East ( WGAE ) , Writers Guild of America , west ( WGAw ) and the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers ( AMPTP ) . The dispute led to a strike by the writers , which has caused this season to end prematurely with only twenty episodes being produced , instead of the standard twenty-two episodes . The strike also forced The CW to push back airdates on several episodes , and cost Allison Mack her directorial debut . Smallville 's Season seven slipped in the ratings , averaging 3.7 million viewers weekly , and the series ranked as the 175th most-watched television series , out of 220 , for the 2007 -- 08 television year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36ded971e6ca1f9bf5171d23a5eb5d0d", "text": "Paul Iacono Paul Stanley Iacono ( born September 7 , 1988 ) is an American actor . He is best known for portraying RJ Berger in the MTV scripted series The Hard Times of RJ Berger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e01c2412e41f5edcd853748b43d843da", "text": "The Other Kingdom The Other Kingdom is an American fantasy sitcom created by Thomas W. Lynch that premiered on Nickelodeon on April 10 , 2016 . The series stars Esther Zynn , Callan Potter , Celina Martin , Taylor Adams , and Josette Halpert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ed0d621b144095b5f976bd53021a778", "text": "Asher Keddie Asher Keddie ( born 31 July 1974 ) is an Australian actress . Beginning her career in the television series Five Mile Creek in the mid 1980s , Keddie received wide recognition for her role in the critically acclaimed series Offspring . Her significant repertoire in television has led to her being dubbed as the ` Golden Girl of Australian Television ' . Keddie also had a small roll in the film X-Men Origins : Wolverine , as Dr. Carol Frost . Aside from television and film work , she has several theatre credits , most notably in the Melbourne Theatre Company production of Les Liaisons dangereuses as Madame de Tourvel . As of 2015 , she has taken out the ` Silver Logie Award for Most Popular Actress ' five times in a row . Keddie won the 2013 Gold Logie award for Most Popular Personality on Australian Television , for her role as Dr Nina Proudman in the Network Ten drama Offspring . She was considered `` third time lucky '' after previously being nominated twice for the Gold Logie . Keddie has a total of 7 Logie Awards as of May 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2d6f2a527c2b34b129dd9d08d440b36", "text": "Nightcap (2016 TV series) Nightcap is an American comedy television series created by and starring Alexandra Wentworth as Staci Cole , the overworked head talent booker on the fictitious fifth highest rated late night talk show , Nightcap with Jimmy . Lauren Blumenfeld , Brendan Clifford , Don Fanelli , Jacob Wallach and Cherie Corinne Rice also star in supporting roles . On January 12 , 2016 , the series was picked up for a ten episode first season . On October 27 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a second season . The series premiered on November 16 , 2016 , on Pop .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec106e41f5b4b95ed5f294e4994e80a7", "text": "List of Home and Away characters (1993) Home and Away is an Australian soap opera first broadcast on the Seven Network on 17 January 1988 . The following is a list of characters that first appeared in 1993 , by order of first appearance . They were all introduced by the show 's then executive producer Andrew Howie , who had succeeded Des Monaghan . The 6th season of Home and Away began airing on 11 January 1993 . In January , John Adam and Laura Vazquez began appearing as Luke Cunningham and Sarah Thompson , respectively . Melissa George arrived in March playing Angel Brooks , while Imogen Miller was introduced in April . David Dixon began playing Nathan Roberts in October . Simon Baker took on the role of James Hudson in November .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a44ddfa43913f98c9abd67f3d9b94cc", "text": "Reggie and me Reggie and Me ( also known as Reggie and Archie 's Rival , Reggie ) is an ongoing comic book series featuring the Archie Comics character Reggie Mantle . The character first appeared in Jackpot Comics # 5 ( cover dated Spring 1942 ) . He received his own self-titled ongoing comic book series in 1950 which ran on and off until September 1980 . A second series began publication in December 2016 , being set in Archie Comics New Riverdale universe with a new character design aesthetic and a more mature story format and scripting , aimed for older , contemporary teenage and young adult readers . Even the printed comic book format is different from the previous publications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64b841ea44880c75770b5a9b46fbec8e", "text": "Tama Hudson Tama Hudson is a fictional character on the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street who was portrayed by David Wikaira-Paul from 2001 to 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "442fae28f3ccf1c67f75c7107b3e160d", "text": "Kelvin Harrison Jr. Kelvin Harrison Jr. ( born July 23 , 1994 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf393df699a2ff341c5a393680c4168a", "text": "51st Academy of Country Music Awards The 51st Academy of Country Music Awards were held on April 3 , 2016 , at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas , Nevada . Nominations for the 51st Academy of Country Music Awards were announced on February 1 , 2016 . Previously , some categories including Entertainer of the Year , New Male Vocalist of the Year , New Female Vocalist of the Year , and New Duo or Group of the Year were voted directly by fans . Beginning with the 2016 awards show , these became incorporated into a professional membership voting process . Luke Bryan returned to host the show for his fourth consecutive year , with Dierks Bentley as his co-host .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e55a8404ce3febaaaafcd974bcb586b1", "text": "PJ DeBoy Paul J. `` PJ '' DeBoy ( born June 7 , 1971 ) is an American actor and talk show host .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5901eb12a9bb632558ea3c9b84095c61", "text": "Daniel Holtz Daniel Holtz is a fictional character on the television series Angel . He was played by Keith Szarabajka .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f505aba10b62254b3f0b668f2d2fd10b", "text": "Jonathan Wrather Jonathan Paul Wrather ( born 16 March 1969 ) is an English actor and editor . He is known for his soap opera roles in Coronation Street as Joe Carter from 2002 until 2003 , and in Emmerdale as Pierce Harris from 2016 to onwards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ce970c0ad6e1be546fed019e28e4a0b", "text": "Amy Carlson Amy Lynn Carlson ( born July 7 , 1968 ) is an American television actress , known for her roles as Linda Reagan in the CBS police procedural Blue Bloods , as Alex Taylor on the NBC drama Third Watch , and Josie Watts in the NBC daytime soap opera Another World .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1af823bfb6bae4d675201a31da308e7c", "text": "K'Sun Ray Kesun Mitchell Loder ( born May 1993 ) , better known by his stage name , K'Sun Ray , is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "576767220a7a7999fa05b01cd54cab43", "text": "Aloha (film) Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by Cameron Crowe . The film , starring Bradley Cooper , Emma Stone , Rachel McAdams , Bill Murray , John Krasinski , Danny McBride , and Alec Baldwin , was released on May 29 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews from critics , and has grossed only $ 26 million against a budget of $ 37 million , making the film a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0d162f00d0b2a7f17c6ba9b046b2088", "text": "Jeremy Jordan (actor born 1984) Jeremy Michael Jordan ( born November 20 , 1984 ) is an American actor , dancer and singer . He has performed on Broadway and in television and film , as well as in other theatrical productions . He is best known for the roles of Jack Kelly in the 2012 musical Newsies and Clyde Barrow in the 2011 musical Bonnie & Clyde . He currently plays Winslow `` Winn '' Schott , Jr. , the son of DC Comics villain character Toyman , on the CBS / CW DC Comics based superhero drama series Supergirl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c0c89fd36b2d63534aa5441174b0424", "text": "The Walking Dead (season 7) The seventh season of The Walking Dead , an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC , premiered on October 23 , 2016 , and concluded on April 2 , 2017 , consisting of 16 episodes . Developed for television by Frank Darabont , the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman , Tony Moore , and Charlie Adlard . The executive producers are Kirkman , David Alpert , Scott M. Gimple , Greg Nicotero , Tom Luse , and Gale Anne Hurd , with Gimple as showrunner for the fourth consecutive season . The seventh season received generally positive reviews by critics . It is currently nominated for multiple awards , including Best Horror Television Series , at the 43rd Saturn Awards . This season adapts material from issues # 100 -- 114 of the comic book series and introduces notable comic characters Ezekiel ( Khary Payton ) and his pet Bengal tiger , Shiva , including more survivor communities : the Kingdom , the Sanctuary , Oceanside , and the Scavengers . Immediately continuing the events of last season 's cliffhanger , the season continues the story of Rick Grimes ( Andrew Lincoln ) and his group of survivors , who now find themselves brutally overpowered and kneeling helplessly before Negan ( Jeffrey Dean Morgan ) and the Saviors , as they experience a daunting and life-changing confrontation . What Negan does will haunt and change the lives of those who survive forever . The first half of the season focuses on the group , after suffering a heavy loss , gradually coming to terms under the rule of Negan and their struggle to obey his orders . The second half of the season focuses on the group building an army with like-minded communities to prepare for all-out war against the Saviors .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4f868471624e65538f75bca9ff13c2ef	Canada is an island.	[ { "docid": "d81fbeef96454cd032bff89a4d0b13b4", "text": "Canada Canada ( -LSB- ˈkænədə -RSB- -LSB- kanadɑ -RSB- ) is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 e6km2 , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area . Canada 's border with the United States is the world 's longest binational land border . The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate , but southerly areas are warm in summer . Canada is sparsely populated , the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains . It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , many near the southern border . One third of the population lives in the three largest cities : Toronto , Montreal and Vancouver . Its capital is Ottawa , and other major urban areas include Calgary , Edmonton , Quebec City , Winnipeg and Hamilton . Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French claims were made on the area , with the colony of Canada first being established by the French in 1535 during Jacques Cartier 's second voyage to New France . As a consequence of various conflicts , Great Britain gained and lost territories within British North America until it was left , in the late 18th century , with what mostly geographically comprises Canada today . Pursuant to the British North America Act , on July 1 , 1867 , the colonies of Canada , New Brunswick , and Nova Scotia joined to form the semi-autonomous federal Dominion of Canada . This began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada . In 1931 , Canada achieved near total independence from the United Kingdom with the Statute of Westminster 1931 , but at the time , Canada decided to allow the British Parliament to temporarily retain the power to amend Canada 's constitution , on request from the Parliament of Canada . With the Constitution Act 1982 , Canada took over that authority ( as the conclusion of Patriation ) , removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom , giving the country full sovereignty . Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy , with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state . The country is officially bilingual at the federal level . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries . Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world , relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks . Canada 's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture . Canada is a developed country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index . It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency , civil liberties , quality of life , economic freedom , and education . Canada is a Commonwealth realm member of the Commonwealth of Nations , a member of the Francophonie , and part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization , the G8 , the Group of Ten , the G20 , the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0e3e73e16fe084c2f66696f7a1fb7875", "text": "Champlain Sea The Champlain Sea was a temporary inlet of the Atlantic Ocean , created by the retreating glaciers during the close of the last ice age . The Sea once included lands in what are now the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario , as well as parts of the American states of New York and Vermont . The mass of ice from the continental ice sheets had depressed the rock beneath it over millennia . At the end of the last ice age , while the rock was still depressed , the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa River valleys , as well as modern Lake Champlain , were below sea level and flooded with rising worldwide sea levels , once the ice no longer prevented the ocean from flowing into the region . As the land gradually rose again , in the process known as isostatic rebound , the sea coast gradually retreated to its current location . The sea lasted from about 13,000 years ago to about 10,000 years ago and was continuously shrinking during that time , since the rebounding continent was slowly rising above sea level . At its peak , the sea extended inland as far south as Lake Champlain and somewhat farther west than the city of Ottawa , Ontario , and farther up the Ottawa River past Pembroke . The remaining glaciers fed the sea during that time , making it more brackish than typical seawater . It is estimated that the sea was as much as 150 m above the level of today 's Saint Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers . The best evidence of this former sea is the vast clay plain deposited along the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers . This resulted in distinctive forest types , and large wetlands . Other modern evidence of the sea can be seen in the form of whale fossils , ( belugas , fin whales , and bowhead whales ) and marine shells that have been found near the cities of Ottawa , Ontario , and Montreal , Quebec . There are also fossils of oceanic fish such as capelin . The Sea also left ancient raised shorelines in the former coastal regions , and the Leda clay deposits in areas of deeper water . The northern shore of the lake was in southern Quebec where outcrops of the Canadian shield form the Eardley Escarpment . This escarpment still has distinctive plants that may date back to the sea . The Eardley Escarpment is known locally as the Gatineau Hills ; part of the Mattawa fault at the southeastern edge of the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben , in Eastern Ontario and the Outaouais region of Quebec , more commonly known as the Ottawa Valley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0ff4a251b587ab5e238412fe419e46e", "text": "Acadians The Acadians ( Acadiens , -LSB- akadjɛ̃ -RSB- ) are the descendants of French colonists who settled in Acadia during the 17th and 18th centuries , some of whom are also Métis . The colony was located in what is now Eastern Canada 's Maritime provinces ( Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , and Prince Edward Island ) , as well as part of Quebec , and present-day Maine to the Kennebec River . Although today most of the Acadians and Québécois are French-speaking ( francophone ) Canadians , Acadia was a distinctly separate colony of New France . It was geographically and administratively separate from the French colony of Canada ( modern-day Quebec ) . As a result , the Acadians and Québécois developed two distinct histories and cultures . They also developed a slightly different French language . France has one official language and to accomplish this they have an administration in charge of the language . Since the Acadians were separated from this council , their French language evolved independently , and Acadians retain several elements of 17th-century French that have been lost in France . The settlers whose descendants became Acadians came from many areas in France , but especially regions such as Île-de-France , Normandy , Brittany , Poitou and Aquitaine . Acadian family names have come from many areas in France . For example , the Maillets are from Paris ; the LeBlancs of Normandy ; the surname Melanson is from Brittany , and those with the surnames Bastarache and Basque came from Aquitaine . The Acadians lived for almost 80 years in Acadia , prior to the British Conquest of Acadia in 1710 . After the conquest , they refused to sign an unconditional oath for the next forty-five years . During the French and Indian War ( the North American theatre of the Seven Years ' War ) , British colonial officers suspected and later confirmed their allegiance after finding Acadians fighting alongside French troops after conquering Fort Beausejour . The British , together with New England legislators and militia , carried out the Great Expulsion of 1755 -- 1764 during and after the war years . They deported approximately 11,500 Acadians from the maritime region . Approximately one-third perished from disease and drowning . Although one historian compared this event to contemporary ethnic cleansing , other historians suggested that the event is comparable with other deportations in history . Many Acadians migrated to present day Louisiana state ( known then as Spanish colonial Luisiana ) , where they developed what became known as Cajun culture . Others were transported to France . Some of those were settled secondarily to Louisiana by Henri Peyroux de la Coudreniere . Later on , many Acadians returned to the Maritime provinces of Canada , most specifically New Brunswick . Most who returned ended up in New Brunswick because they were barred by the British from resettling their lands and villages in the land that became Nova Scotia . Before the US Revolutionary War , the Crown settled New England Planters in former Acadian communities and farmland as well as , after the war , Loyalists ( including nearly 3,000 Black Loyalists , who were freed slaves ) . British policy was to assimilate Acadians with the local populations where they resettled . Acadians speak a dialect of French called Acadian French . Many of those in the Moncton area speak Chiac and English . The Louisiana Cajun descendants speak a dialect of American English called Cajun English , with several also speaking Cajun French , a close relative of the original dialect from Canada influenced by Spanish and West African languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6d9e24c53535b8d785f7feb564cfa6a", "text": "Côte-Nord Côte-Nord ( -LSB- kot nɔʁ -RSB- , French for `` North Shore '' , area 247,633.94 km ² ) is the second largest administrative region by land area in Quebec , Canada , after Nord-du-Québec . It covers much of the northern shore of the Saint Lawrence River estuary and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence past Tadoussac . While most of the region is in the same time zone as the rest of Quebec , the far eastern portion east of the 63rd meridian , including half of Anticosti Island , is officially in the Atlantic Time Zone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4322232cf3d25bfa526d37e36546c7a9", "text": "Canada–Cuba relations Canada has maintained consistently cordial relations with Cuba , in spite of considerable pressure from the United States , with the island being one of the most popular international travel destinations for Canadian citizens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c629c84aadd9aa74641c38f636369bd", "text": "List of Prime Ministers of Canada by languages spoken The politics of language has been a key issue in Canada since the founding of the country in 1867 . The choice of a party leader is greatly influenced by language proficiency , as is electability with the public . All Canadian prime ministers have spoken either French or English , some both , but only a few were fluently bilingual , and few have spoken any other language . All prime ministers have had one of English or French as their mother tongue with the possible exceptions of Sir John A. Macdonald and Alexander Mackenzie , who may have spoken Scottish Gaelic or Lowland Scots as their first language . The two official languages of the Parliament of Canada have been English and French since 1867 under the British North America Act ; however , few members of parliament have historically been able to debate in their second language , and simultaneous translation was not introduced until the 1960s , making for two largely separate groups of legislators debating the same issues in two different languages . Furthermore the language of administration was almost solely English before the 1969 Official Languages Act . Speaking English has always been necessary to become prime minister as the majority of any parliamentary caucus large enough to form government has always been made up of unilingual Anglophones , not to mention the voting public . Not being able to speak French has not always been considered a sufficient handicap to prevent one from becoming prime minister , however . All Anglophone Canadian prime ministers have had ministers in their cabinet that represented the provincial interests of Quebec and spoke the French language , known as Quebec lieutenants . This tradition began before Confederation in the old United Province in Canada , which was usually jointly governed by two `` co-premiers '' , one from Canada West ( Ontario ) and one from Canada East ( Quebec ) . It was extended into Confederation via Macdonald 's partnership with George-Étienne Cartier and has continued down to the present day . Since rise of Quebec nationalism ( following the Quiet Revolution -LSB- circa 1960-1966 -RSB- ) , and especially the introduction of official bilingualism in the Official Languages Act in 1969 and its entrenchment in the Constitution of 1982 , Canadian prime ministers ( and party leaders as potential prime ministers ) have been expected to be functionally bilingual by convention . An important factor in this trend has been the creation of the televised leaders ' debates , which are held in separately in French and English . The parties feel the need to have a leader who can at least participate in both debates , even if they can not win them both . The need to speak both languages is also seen as symbol of Canada 's identity as a linguistic duality , but also as a practical political matter , as the prime minister is seen as a leader of the federalist camp opposed to Quebec separatism and must be able to fight for the `` hearts and minds '' of Quebecers in their native language .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbc979ae14df34c8e9cac1ebd4998465", "text": "Franco-Newfoundlander Franco-Newfoundlanders , also known as Franco-Terreneuvians in English or Franco-Terreneuviens in French , are francophone and/or French Canadian residents of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador . The name Franco-Terreneuvian derives from Terre-Neuve , the French name of Newfoundland . The Franco-Newfoundlander community is most prominently associated with the Port au Port area near Stephenville , in communities such as Trois-Cailloux , Cap-Saint-Georges , La Grand ` Terre , L'Anse-aux-Canards and Maisons-d'Hiver . This region is unique as the only area in the province that is officially designated by provincial law as a bilingual district . However , francophone communities are also present throughout the province , particularly in St. John 's , Labrador City and Happy Valley-Goose Bay . Newfoundland and Labrador 's francophone community and its culture derive from a unique mix of influences and immigrants from Quebec , Acadia , St. Pierre and Miquelon , Brittany and the Basque Country , much of it predating Newfoundland 's admission as a Canadian province in 1949 . Some aspects of the community 's unique culture , however , have been lost or threatened as the community became more closely integrated into the mainstream of French Canadian culture and society after 1949 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3583bfc33933b0532a9448921c5cc29b", "text": "Demographics of Ontario Ontario , one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada , is located in east-central Canada . It is Canada 's most populous province by a large margin , accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da9559a2faef222d04d68b655730246c", "text": "Canada–Latin America relations Canada -- Latin America relations are relations between Canada and Latin America . This includes the bilateral ties between Canada and the individual Latin American states , plurilateral ties between Canada and any group of those states , or multilateral relations through groups like the Organization of American States ( OAS ) . Canada and Latin America share ties of geography as part of the Western Hemisphere and history through the shared experience of European colonization . Culturally , Canada shares with the other American societies a mixture of European , indigenous American , and immigrant influences . Parts of Canada are majority-French speaking , and since French is a `` Latin '' language , Canada ( or more often Quebec ) is sometimes considered an honorary part of Latin America . However , Latin Americans may also group Canadians with United States citizens as norteamericanos or gringos . For both Canadians and Latin Americans the importance of relations with the United States may overshadow relations with each other . However Canada 's importance in the region has risen since joining the OAS in 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28445d0b7a18010e7c1d05d4d6c20d3a", "text": "Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area . The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government . In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "328477a17484c1e92b9f67f2ac31d10d", "text": "Ottawa Islands The Ottawa Islands ( Inuit : Arviliit ) are a group of uninhabited islands situated in the eastern edge of Canada 's Hudson Bay . The group comprises 24 small islands , located at approximately 60N 80W . The main islands include Booth Island , Bronson Island , Eddy Island , Gilmour Island , J. Gordon Island , Pattee Island , and Perley Island . The highest point is on Gilmour Island , which rises to over 1800 ft. Located a short distance off the northwest coast of Quebec 's Ungava Peninsula , they , like the other coastal islands in Hudson Bay , were historically part of the Northwest Territories , and became part of the territory of Nunavut upon its creation in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71d6da1834f407bf13686e741b70c0dc", "text": "List of elections in the Province of Canada The Province of Canada was the union of Canada West ( formerly Upper Canada and later Ontario ) and Canada East ( formerly Lower Canada and later Quebec ) . The Province of Canada held 8 unique elections from 1841 to 1863 before Confederation . While party lines were somewhat blurred , there were political parties . There are many examples of groups of MPs going against the party line , or splitting a party into two . A good example of this is when a number of Liberal MPs supported John A. Macdonald , a Conservative , and his idea for Canadian Confederation , many other Liberal Party members were opposed to Confederation . After the establishment of the double majority principle , any bill , in order to be passed , needed a majority of MPs from both Canada West and Canada East . This sometimes led to coalitions between Ontario Liberals and Quebec Tories , or vice versa . The elections listed below are divided into `` Left '' or `` Reformer '' camps , and `` Right '' or `` Conservative '' camps .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aeabccda1911b59bafcb8f24d7e90f2", "text": "Toronto Islands The Toronto Islands ( formerly known as Island of Hiawatha and also known as Menecing , meaning `` On the Island '' in the Ojibwa language ) are a chain of small islands in Lake Ontario , south of mainland Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Comprising the only group of islands in the western part of Lake Ontario , the Toronto Islands are located just offshore from the city centre , and provide shelter for Toronto Harbour . The islands are home to parkland , the Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , several yacht clubs , Centreville Amusement Park , and Hanlan 's Beach . The island community is considered to be the largest urban car-free community in North America , although some service vehicles are permitted . Access to the Islands is by ferry , including the City of Toronto ferries operating from Jack Layton Ferry Terminal at the foot of Bay Street , or by water taxis . The island is a popular recreation destination . Recreational bicyclists are accommodated on the ferries . There is a public bicycle sharing station operated by Bike Share Toronto at Jack Layton Ferry Terminal and bicycles and quadracycles can be rented at Centre Island . Canoes , kayaks and paddle boats can also be rented on the island . A frisbee golf course exists on the island . The main beach is along the south shore and the beach on the west shore is clothing-optional . There is ample park land suitable for picnicking which is popular , several playgrounds , and several gardens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d54585dcf60ddbae11fb08acd66e1cd", "text": "List of Canadian provinces and territories by population Canada is divided into ten provinces and three territories . The majority of Canada 's population is concentrated in the areas close to the Canada -- US border . Its four largest provinces by area ( Quebec , Ontario , British Columbia and Alberta ) are also ( with Quebec and Ontario switched in order ) its most populous ; together they account for 86 % of the country 's population . The territories ( the Northwest Territories , Nunavut and Yukon ) account for over a third of Canada 's area but are home to only 0.3 % of its population , which skews the national population density value . Canada 's population grew by 5.0 % between the 2006 and 2011 censuses . Except for New Brunswick , all territories and provinces increased in population from 2011 to 2016 . In terms of percent change , the fastest-growing province or territory was Nunavut with an increase of 12.7 % between 2011 and 2016 , followed by Alberta with 11.6 % growth . New Brunswick 's population decreased by 0.5 % between 2011 and 2016 . Canada 's population has increased every year since Confederation in 1867 : see List of population of Canada by years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b058561ea9150d6f24c715bf2eeaa3", "text": "Crown dependencies The Crown dependencies are the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea , and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel . They are independently administered jurisdictions , and do not form part of either the United Kingdom or the British Overseas Territories . They are self-governing possessions of the Crown ( defined uniquely in each jurisdiction ) . Internationally , the dependencies are considered `` territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible '' , rather than sovereign states . As a result , they are not member states of the Commonwealth of Nations . However , they do have relationships with the Commonwealth , the European Union , and other international organisations , and are members of the British -- Irish Council . They have their own teams in the Commonwealth Games . They are not part of the European Union ( EU ) , although they are within the EU 's customs area . As the Crown dependencies are not sovereign states , the power to pass legislation affecting the islands ultimately rests with the government of the United Kingdom . However they each have their own legislative assemblies , with the power to legislate on many local matters with the assent of the Crown ( Privy Council , or in the case of the Isle of Man in certain circumstances the Lieutenant-Governor ) . In each case , the head of government is referred to as the Chief Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "453b3a3ceab6708f6d25708441de5b94", "text": "Massey Island Massey Island is an uninhabited island in the Bathurst Island group , Qikiqtaaluk Region , Nunavut , Canada . It is located in the Arctic Ocean , south of Île Vanier ( across Pearse Strait ) and north of Alexander Island and Île Marc ( across Boyer Strait ) . It has an area of 432 km2 , 47 km long and 34 km wide . The island is named for former Governor General of Canada Vincent Massey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb9a9f247d4e8f77fbd134021817e889", "text": "Gulf Islands The Gulf Islands are the islands in the Strait of Georgia ( also known as Salish Sea or the Gulf of Georgia ) , between Vancouver Island and the mainland of British Columbia , Canada . According to BC Geographical Names ( BCGNIS ) the name `` Gulf Islands '' was originally intended and commonly understood to refer to the archipelago at the southern end of the Strait of Georgia -- from Gabriola Island in the north to Saturna Island in the southeast and D'Arcy Island in the southwest . During the 1990s , however , the name began to be applied to all the islands in the Strait of Georgia , resulting in the introduction of the term `` Southern Gulf Islands '' , which BCGNIS calls a misnomer , to distinguish the original `` Gulf Islands '' from the rest , which are sometimes called the `` North Gulf Islands '' . BCGNIS further notes that Quadra Island is increasingly described as the `` northernmost of the Gulf Islands '' . The division of the Gulf Islands into two groups , the Southern and Northern Gulf Islands , is relatively common . The dividing line is approximately that formed by the city of Nanaimo on Vancouver Island , and the mouth of the Fraser River on the mainland . The larger populated islands are served by BC Ferries , which operates various vehicle and passenger ferries between the Gulf Islands and to terminals near the major cities of Nanaimo and Victoria on Vancouver Island as well as Vancouver on the mainland . BC Ferries distinguishes between the Southern Gulf Islands and the Northern Gulf Islands . Their Northern Gulf Islands includes both Quadra Island and Cortes Island , as well as some islands far to the north , such as Malcolm Island and Cormorant Island . Natural Resources Canada maps the Gulf Islands as including the `` Southern Gulf Islands '' , the islands of Howe Sound ( such as Bowen Island , Gambier Island , and Keats Island ) , along with Lasqueti Island , Hornby Island , and Denman Island .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "710112ae4524c2e33871fa9660e121fb", "text": "1894 Colonial Conference The Colonial Conference of 1894 was called by the government of Canada to continue discussion begun at the First Colonial Conference in 1887 on a proposal to lay a telegraph cable at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean to create a communications link between Canada and Australasia and , by extension , to the rest of the British Empire as part of what became referred to as the All Red Line network of cables throughout the Empire . The opening ceremonies were in the Senate Chamber in the Centre Block of the Canadian parliament buildings but day-to-day meetings occurred in the offices of the Minister of Trade and Commerce . The Earl of Jersey attended the conference as the representative of the British government and was instructed to listen and report back but not to make any commitments on behalf of the government . All self-governing British colonies were invited to send delegates with the exception of Newfoundland Colony . Western Australia and Natal Colony did not send representatives due to domestic priorities . The colony of Fiji was also invited due to its geographical location on the proposed route of the cable but declined . Delegates were sent to the conference by Canada , New Zealand , the Australian self-governing colonies of New South Wales , Queensland , South Australia , Tasmania and Victoria and the South African colony of Cape Colony . Unlike other colonial conference , the colonial delegates were cabinet ministers or legislators or government representatives rather than Prime Ministers . Resolutions were proposed to the conference and it was agreed that decisions would be made on the basis of `` one colony , one vote '' but the resolutions were not binding on the British government or the Colonial Office . In addition to discussing telecommunications issues , the conference also approved a resolution favouring preferential trade within the Empire , however , this resolution was opposed by Australia 's largest colonies , New South Wales and Queensland , who were suspicious the Canadian initiative seemed designed to undermine Australia 's protective tariffs . The proposal would be made again to the 1897 Colonial Conference but was not agreed to and would not be acted upon until the British Empire Economic Conference in 1932 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c212260312ee340d400bd825b26b3857", "text": "Nootka Island Nootka Island is an island adjacent to Vancouver Island in British Columbia , Canada . It is 534 km2 in area . It is separated from Vancouver Island by Nootka Sound and its side-inlets , and is located within Electoral Area A of the Strathcona Regional District . Europeans named the island after a Nuu-chah-nulth language word meaning `` go around , go around '' . They likely thought the natives were referring to the island itself . The Spanish and later English applied the word to the island and the sound , thinking they were naming both after the people . In the 1980s , the First Nations peoples in the region created the collective autonym of Nuu-chah-nulth , a term that means `` along the outside ( of Vancouver Island ) '' . An older term for this group of peoples was `` Aht '' , which means `` people '' in their language and is a component in all the names of their subgroups , and of some locations ( e.g. Yuquot , Mowachaht , Kyuquot , Opitsaht etc. ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c3e708a92dd2bf572d9bfe6ddd6d29c", "text": "Thousand Islands (disambiguation) Thousand Islands constitute an archipelago that straddles the Canada-U.S. border in the Saint Lawrence River . Thousand Islands may also refer to : Thousand Island dressing , a salad dressing Thousand Islands ( Indonesia ) , a chain of islands in Jakarta , Indonesia Thousand Islands , Cocoa Beach , a group of islands in Cocoa Beach , Florida , United States Thousand Islands ( Svalbard ) , a group of islands south of Edge Island , part of the Svalbard archipelago . Rivière des Mille Îles , a channel in Quebec , Canada Qiandao Lake , ( Thousand Islands Lake ) , in Zhejiang , China Thousand Island Lake , lake in Madera County , California , United States Kuril Islands , in Russia 's Sakhalin Oblast region", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1629a41069f5704a22fe6b7aa80f8998", "text": "Melville Island Melville Island may refer to : Melville Island ( Australia ) , in the Northern Territory Melville Island ( Northwest Territories and Nunavut ) , in northern Canada Melville Island ( Nova Scotia ) , a small island in Halifax Harbour , Nova Scotia , Canada Melville Island , a small island in the Discovery Islands near Campbell River , British Columbia , Canada Melville Island , a small island near Dundas Island near Prince Rupert , British Columbia , Canada", "title": "" } ]	fever
7988a7d17e63e3df98aef68fa4a1e178	Napoleon's campaigns are studied at schools.	[ { "docid": "8574e0058e080d09d57732d8c9a9c66d", "text": "Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ( -LSB- nəˈpoʊliən_ˈboʊnəpɑrt -RSB- -LSB- napɔleɔ̃ bɔnapaʁt -RSB- ; 15 August 1769 -- 5 May 1821 ) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars . As Napoleon I , he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814 , and again in 1815 . Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars . He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles , building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815 . One of the greatest commanders in history , his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide . Napoleon 's political and cultural legacy has endured as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in human history . He was born Napoleone di Buonaparte ( -LSB- napoleoŋe dj buɔŋaparte -RSB- ) in Corsica , Republic of Genoa , to a relatively modest family from the minor nobility . When the Revolution broke out in 1789 , Napoleon was serving as an artillery officer in the French army . Seizing the new opportunities presented by the Revolution , he rapidly rose through the ranks of the military , becoming a general at age 24 . The Directory eventually gave him command of the Army of Italy after he suppressed a revolt against the government from royalist insurgents . At age 26 , he began his first military campaign against the Austrians and their Italian allies -- winning virtually every battle , conquering the Italian Peninsula in a year , and becoming a national hero . In 1798 , he led a military expedition to Egypt that served as a springboard to political power . He engineered a coup in November 1799 and became First Consul of the Republic . His ambition and public approval inspired him to go further , and in 1804 he became the first Emperor of the French '' . Intractable differences with the British meant that the French were facing a Third Coalition by 1805 . Napoleon shattered this coalition with decisive victories in the Ulm Campaign and a historic triumph over Russia and Austria at the Battle of Austerlitz , which led to the elimination of the thousand year-old Holy Roman Empire . In 1806 , the Fourth Coalition took up arms against him because Prussia became worried about growing French influence on the continent . Napoleon quickly defeated Prussia at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt , then marched the Grand Army deep into Eastern Europe and annihilated the Russians in June 1807 at the Battle of Friedland . France then forced the defeated nations of the Fourth Coalition to sign the Treaties of Tilsit in July 1807 , bringing an uneasy peace to the continent . Tilsit signified the high watermark of the French Empire . In 1809 , the Austrians and the British challenged the French again during the War of the Fifth Coalition , but Napoleon solidified his grip over Europe after triumphing at the Battle of Wagram in July . Hoping to extend the Continental System and choke off British trade with the European mainland , Napoleon invaded Iberia and declared his brother Joseph the King of Spain in 1808 . The Spanish and the Portuguese revolted with British support . The Peninsular War lasted six years , featured extensive guerrilla warfare , and ended in victory for the Allies . The Continental System caused recurring diplomatic conflicts between France and its client states , especially Russia . Unwilling to bear the economic consequences of reduced trade , the Russians routinely violated the Continental System and enticed Napoleon into another war . The French launched a major invasion of Russia in the summer of 1812 . The resulting campaign witnessed the collapse of the Grand Army , the destruction of Russian cities , and inspired a renewed push against Napoleon by his enemies . In 1813 , Prussia and Austria joined Russian forces in a Sixth Coalition against France . A lengthy military campaign culminated in a large Allied army defeating Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813 . The Allies then invaded France and captured Paris in the spring of 1814 , forcing Napoleon to abdicate in April . He was exiled to the island of Elba near Rome and the Bourbons were restored to power . However , Napoleon escaped from Elba in February 1815 and took control of France once again . The Allies responded by forming a Seventh Coalition , which defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in June . The British exiled him to the remote island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic , where he died six years later at the age of 51 . Napoleon had an extensive and powerful influence on the modern world , bringing liberal reforms to the numerous territories that he conquered and controlled , such as the Low Countries , Switzerland , and large parts of modern Italy and Germany . He implemented fundamental liberal policies in France and throughout Western Europe . His legal achievement , the Napoleonic Code , has influenced the legal systems of more than 70 nations around the world . British historian Andrew Roberts stated , `` The ideas that underpin our modern world -- meritocracy , equality before the law , property rights , religious toleration , modern secular education , sound finances , and so on -- were championed , consolidated , codified and geographically extended by Napoleon . To them he added a rational and efficient local administration , an end to rural banditry , the encouragement of science and the arts , the abolition of feudalism and the greatest codification of laws since the fall of the Roman Empire '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a3653798880868b6ebb4a84347dc457b", "text": "Hospital school A hospital school is a school operated in a hospital , generally a children 's hospital which provides instruction to all primary and secondary grade levels . These schools help children regain academic progress during periods of hospitalization or rehabilitation . The schools are most often accredited and run by the local public school system , funded by the state , and are based on the same curriculum and testing mandated by the state as is practical for the students . Enrollments are low when compared to traditional schools and teachers must provide instruction for many grade levels . Laws and regulations on Hospital School and Domiciliary Learning change from a country to another . The studies related to this field are usually grouped under the term Home and Hospital Education ( HHE ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80237e514ce5e7d0e9e321862ffa4a4f", "text": "Education Education is the process of facilitating learning , or the acquisition of knowledge , skills , values , beliefs , and habits . Educational methods include storytelling , discussion , teaching , training , and directed research . Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators , but learners may also educate themselves . Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks , feels , or acts may be considered educational . The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy . Education is commonly divided formally into such stages as preschool or kindergarten , primary school , secondary school and then college , university , or apprenticeship . A right to education has been recognized by some governments , including at the global level : Article 13 of the United Nations ' 1966 International Covenant on Economic , Social and Cultural Rights recognizes a universal right to education . In most regions , education is compulsory up to a certain age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6e8c6bbd8884f9248dbb0048235a30d", "text": "History of education in England The history of education in England can be documented to the Anglo-Saxons ' settlement of England . During the Middle Ages , schools were established to teach Latin grammar to the sons of the aristocracy , as part of preparation also for the entry of some into the clergy and religious orders . The church preserved literacy and learning during this period , and education was closely tied to the religious vocation , in order to read the Bible and related documents . Apprenticeship was the main way for youths to enter practical occupations . Two universities were established in affiliation with the church : the University of Oxford , followed by the University of Cambridge , both related closely to training for clergy . A reformed system of `` free grammar schools '' was established in the reign of Edward VI . The Protestant Reformation had a major influence on education and literacy in England , as it encouraged the reading of the Bible in the vernacular of the people . ( Formerly , the Bible was printed only in Latin , the official language of the Catholic Church . ) Counties in the east of England , which had frequent interaction with the Low Countries , where the Reformation movement had flourished , developed a higher rate of literacy in the early years of the Reformation than did other areas of England . In the 19th century the Church of England sponsored most formal education until the government established free , compulsory education towards the end of that century . University College London was established as the first secular college in England , open to students of all religions ( or none , ) followed by King 's College London ; the two institutions formed the University of London . Durham University was also established in the early nineteenth century . Towards the end of the century , the `` redbrick '' universities , new public universities , were founded . The 1944 Education Act established the Tripartite System of grammar schools and secondary modern schools . The school leaving age was raised to 16 in 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9e8e800dbae6a1679a9fe372045728b", "text": "Coalition Wars The Coalition Wars ( French : Guerres de Coalitions , German : Koalitionskriege , Dutch : Coalitieoorlogen etc. ) were a set of seven wars waged by various military alliances , known as the Coalitions , between great European powers against Revolutionary France , and from 1799 onwards General and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte . The Coalition Wars were : War of the First Coalition ( April 1792 -- October 1797 ) War of the Second Coalition ( 1798/99 -- 1801/02 ) War of the Third Coalition ( 1803/05 -- December 1805 ) War of the Fourth Coalition ( October 1806 -- July 1807 ) War of the Fifth Coalition ( April -- October 1809 ) War of the Sixth Coalition ( March 1813 -- May 1814 ) War of the Seventh Coalition , also known as the Hundred Days ( March -- July 1815 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c4e9b43273761a8e49c9c85866a066a", "text": "Strategikon of Maurice The Strategikon or Strategicon is a manual of war traditionally regarded as written in the late 6th century and usually attributed to the Byzantine Emperor Maurice . It is moreover a practical manual , `` a rather modest elementary handbook '' in the words of its introduction , `` for those devoting themselves to generalship '' . This book gives a general guide , handbook , of the Byzantine military 's strategies . `` The Strategikon is written in a very straightforward and generally uncomplicated Greek . The translation has tried to render this in the same kind of English '' . The Strategikon may have been written in an effort to codify the military reforms brought about by the soldier-emperor Maurice . There is debate in academic circles as to the true author of the Strategikon . Maurice may have only commissioned it ; perhaps his brother Peter , or another general of his court , was the true author . The dating is also debated . If it was written in the 6th century , the Strategikon may have been produced to codify the experience of the Balkan and Persian campaigns , or the campaigns may have been carried out in compliance with the manual . However , starting in the late 19th century , some historians have argued for a later date in the eighth or ninth century , on philological or technological grounds . In any case , it is considered one of the most important military texts of the medieval years , along with the 10th century military treatises attributed to the Byzantine emperors Leo VI ( Tactica ) and Nicephorus Phocas ( De velitatione and Praecepta Militaria ) ; Leo 's Tactica in particular drew heavily from the Strategikon . The text consists of 12 chapters , or `` books '' , on various aspects of the tactics employed by the Byzantine military of the 6th and 7th century A.D. . It is primarily focused on cavalry tactics and formations , yet it also elaborates on matters of infantry , sieges , baggage trains , drilling and marching . Each book has a general topic to be discussed , and each book goes into great detail even separating each book further into subsections and including maps . These maps are not large an extravagant but more symbols to show positions and a standard design of the formations the Byzantine military used at this time . Books seven and eight contain practical advice to the General in the form of instructions and maxims . The eleventh book has ethnographic interest , with its portrayal of various Byzantine enemies ( Franks , Lombards , Avars , Turks , and Slavs ) . The Strategikon also belongs to Byzantine legal literature , since it contains a list of military infractions and their suitable penalties .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b5691169becb1c96656b65c09513be1", "text": "Kollegstufe The Kollegstufe , Oberstufe or Sekundarstufe II is the German equivalent of the sixth form of secondary education in the upper stage ( grades 12-13 , or 11-12 ) of German high schools . Class groupings are dissolved and instead students choose an individual combination of courses . The idea behind this concept is not to prepare students for university , where they have to create their own timetable , as is sometimes claimed based on the mere analogy . The idea is to allow students to diversify and pick subjects of their personal preference . The Kollegstufe does not yet allow students to specialize on one or very few subjects like the university does , so a complex set of rules for the Kollegstufe ensures that important subjects ( e.g. mathematics , languages ) can not be dropped , a sufficient coverage for different fields of education is achieved and the number of lessons per week covers the required minimum . If you finish the Kollegstufe successfully , which means you comply with all the regulations and pass the final exams , you get the `` Abiturzeugnis '' , formally called `` Zeugnis der Allgemeinen Hochschulreife '' , which entitles one to attend a German university . The regulations for the Kollegstufe and also for the Abitur are different in the different `` Länder '' ( federal states ) of Germany . As educational matters are decided by the governments of the federal states , these differences can be quite big .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3ba75818f8752726581f0dfd5563133", "text": "Mittelschule Mittelschule is a German term literally translating to `` Middle School '' ( i.e. a level `` intermediate '' between elementary and higher education ) . It is used in various senses in the education systems of the various parts of German-speaking Europe , not necessarily equivalent the English term middle school ( which is itself used in various meanings in various parts of the English-speaking world ) . Examples of such use include : Austria , lower secondary education for pupils aged 10 -- 14 , see education in Austria Germany in some States of Germany , a school analogous to a Hauptschule in other States of Germany , a combination of Hauptschule and Realschule an education level positioned between Hauptschule and Gymnasium ( i.e. the middle group of pupils in terms of academic ability in a system of parallel schools ) . Switzerland , see also education in Switzerland a general German term for a Gymnasium , a secondary education , either for ages 15 -- 18/19 ( Sekundarstufe II , upper secondary education ) also known as Kurzzeitmittelschule a.k.a. Kurzgymnasium , or then for ages from 12-18/19 ( Sekundarstufe I & II , lower and upper secondary education ) also known as Langzeitmittelschule a.k.a. Langgymnasium , both leading to university access with a Swiss Federal Matura graduation . There are , however , slight differences among cantons.Other terms used in Switzerland are : German : Gymnasium , Kantonsschule ( cantonal gymnasium managed by the canton ; or short : Kanti , or KS ) , Kollegium , Lyceum , Maturitätsschule French : Gymnase , Collège , Lycée , Gymnase/Lyc ée Cantonal ( cantonal gymnasium managed by the canton ) , Lycée-Collège , Lycee-Colege , Écoles du secondaire II , École publique Supérieures Italian : Liceo , Liceo Cantonale ( cantonal gymnasium managed by the canton ) Romansh : Academia Fachmittelschule ( formerly Diplommittelschule ) , secondary education ( Sekundarstufe II ) with a Fachmatura graduation leading to access to Fachhochschule tertiary education , but not to university access .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abbbd166e0276670f3ef7378918cc1f1", "text": "François Carlo Antommarchi Dr François Carlo Antommarchi ( 5 July 1780 in Morsiglia , Corsica -- 4 March 1838 in Santiago de Cuba , Cuba ) was Napoleon 's physician from 1818 to his death in 1821 . He began his studies in Livorno , Italy , and later earned the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and Medicine at the University of Pisa in March 1808 . Antommarchi then went to Florence , Italy , and was attached to the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova.Leonardo da Vinci studied anatomy at the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova Antommarchi earned the diploma of Surgeon in 1812 from the University of Florence ( i.e. Imperial University ) and was appointed by its president as Prosector . While in this capacity , Antommarchi worked under Paolo Mascagni ( 1752 -- 1815 ) starting on 7 July 1813 . Antommarchi left Florence for Saint Helena to become Napoleon I 's physician until his death . Antommarchi took up this position at the behest of Napoleon 's mother Maria Letizia Ramolino and his uncle Cardinal Joseph Fesch . Antommarchi received a letter of employment on 19 December 1818 . Antommarchi was sent to St. Helena in replacement of Dr Barry Edward O'Meara as Napoleon 's personal physician , because the illustrious captive would not agree to accept medical officers such as Dr Alexander Baxter or Dr James Roch Verling , who were proposed to him by his custodian , or `` gaoler '' , sir Hudson Lowe . However , Napoleon was not so impressed by Antommarchi 's medical skills and even dismissed him from his service a couple of times , only to let him resume his duty soon after . In the last moments of illness , Antommarchi was assisted by Dr Archibald Arnott , who was accepted by Napoleon at the pressing demands from his two officers , Count Montholon and Grand-Marshal Bertrand . After Napoleon 's death , Antommarchi wrote The Last Moments of Napoleon where he concluded that Napoleon died of stomach cancer . In 1831 Antommarchi went to Poland and became the general inspector of Polish hospitals during November Uprising where he assisted the Polish people in an uprising against the Russians . He fled to Paris to escape the czar 's forces . Antommarchi then immigrated to Louisiana where he donated the bronze death mask of Napoleon to the people of New Orleans in 1834 . Antommarchi lived in Veracruz , Mexico , for a brief period , and was employed there as an itinerant physician . He moved from Mexico and settled in Santiago de Cuba , Cuba , where he again worked as a physician . The move to Cuba was prompted by Antommarchi seeking his cousin Antonio Juan Benjamin Antommarchi , who made his fortune in coffee plantations . Antommarchi became adept at performing surgery for the removal of cataracts . He died in Cuba , of yellow fever , on 3 April 1838 , at the age of 57 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ff740411ca0bc31c3783aa1edfbd125", "text": "Garrison School Garrison School may mean : Garrison school , a type of school for children of Russian soldiers Garrison School ( Rockford , Illinois ) , a former public grade school in Winnebago County , Illinois ( NRHP # 06000005 ) Garrison Middle School , a middle school in Baltimore , Maryland William Lloyd Garrison School , a school in Boston , Suffolk County , Massachusetts ( NRHP # 80000674 ) Garrison School Historic District , an area of Liberty , Clay County , Missouri ( NRHP # 00001607 ) Garrison Union Free School , an operating grade school in Putnam County , New York ( NRHP # 82001244 ) Any of three campuses of Garrison Independent School District in Nacogdoches County , Texas Kleist Museum , a museum in Frankfurt ( Oder ) , Germany , whose building was formerly the Garnisonsschule ( `` Garrison School '' ) Garrison Cadet College Kohat , a military cadet college in Pakistan", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a9d2034f28e8914d612f03672435b89", "text": "Frankfurt proposals The Frankfurt proposals or Frankfurt memorandum was a Coalition peace initiative designed by Austrian minister Metternich . It was offered to French Emperor Napoleon I in November 1813 after he had suffered a decisive military defeat at the Battle of Leipzig . The goal was a peaceful end to the War of the Sixth Coalition . The Allies had reconquered most of Germany up to the Rhine , but they had not decided on the next step . Metternich took the initiative . The Allies , meeting in Frankfurt , drafted the proposals under Metternich 's close supervision . The British diplomat in attendance , Lord Aberdeen , misunderstood London 's position and accepted the moderate terms . The proposal was that Napoleon would remain as Emperor of France , but France would be reduced to its `` natural frontiers . '' The natural frontiers in this case were the Pyrenees mountains , the Alps mountains , and the Rhine River . France would retain control of Belgium , Savoy and the Rhineland ( the west bank of the Rhine River ) , while giving up control of all the rest , including all of Spain , Poland and the Netherlands , and most of Italy and Germany . Metternich and Napoleon , meeting privately at Dresden in June had already discussed the terms . The final version was relayed to Napoleon by the Baron de Saint-Aignon in November . Metternich told Napoleon these were the best terms the Allies were likely to offer ; after further victories , the terms would become harsher and harsher . Metternich 's motivation was to maintain France as a balance against Russian threats , while ending the highly destabilizing series of wars . Napoleon , expecting to win the war , delayed too long and lost this opportunity . By December Austria had signed treaties with the Allies , and London rejected the terms because they might allow Belgium to become a base for the invasion of England . The offer was withdrawn . When the Allies invaded France in late 1813 Napoleon was heavily outnumbered ; he tried to reopen peace negotiations on the basis of accepting the Frankfurt proposals . The Allies now had new , harsher terms that included the retreat of France to its 1791 boundaries , which meant the loss of Belgium . Napoleon adamantly refused . He was finally forced to abdicate and lost his throne .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe308342e11edc73653749c354a1b876", "text": "Lecture A lecture ( from the French ` lecture ' , meaning ` reading ' -LSB- process -RSB- ) is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject , for example by a university or college teacher . Lectures are used to convey critical information , history , background , theories , and equations . A politician 's speech , a minister 's sermon , or even a businessman 's sales presentation may be similar in form to a lecture . Usually the lecturer will stand at the front of the room and recite information relevant to the lecture 's content . Though lectures are much criticised as a teaching method , universities have not yet found practical alternative teaching methods for the large majority of their courses . Critics point out that lecturing is mainly a one-way method of communication that does not involve significant audience participation but relies upon passive learning . Therefore , lecturing is often contrasted to active learning . Lectures delivered by talented speakers can be highly stimulating ; at the very least , lectures have survived in academia as a quick , cheap , and efficient way of introducing large numbers of students to a particular field of study . Lectures have a significant role outside the classroom , as well . Academic and scientific awards routinely include a lecture as part of the honor , and academic conferences often center on `` keynote addresses '' , i.e. , lectures . The public lecture has a long history in the sciences and in social movements . Union halls , for instance , historically have hosted numerous free and public lectures on a wide variety of matters . Similarly , churches , community centers , libraries , museums , and other organizations have hosted lectures in furtherance of their missions or their constituents ' interests . Lectures represent a continuation of oral tradition in contrast to textual communication in books and other media . Lectures may be considered a type of grey literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37900a2fd1f78ec42c49287898b2df73", "text": "Comparative history Comparative history is the comparison of different societies which existed during the same time period or shared similar cultural conditions . The comparative history of societies emerged as an important specialty among intellectuals in the Enlightenment in the 18th century , as typified by Montesquieu , Voltaire , Adam Smith , and others . Sociologists and economists in the 19th century often explored comparative history , as exemplified by Alexis de Tocqueville , Karl Marx , and Max Weber . In the first half of the 20th century , a large reading public followed the comparative histories of ( German ) Oswald Spengler , ( Russian-American ) Pitirim Sorokin , and ( British ) Arnold J. Toynbee . Since the 1950s , however , comparative history has faded from the public view , and is now the domain of specialized scholars working independently . Besides the people mentioned above , recent exemplars of comparative history include American historians Herbert E. Bolton and Carroll Quigley , and British historian Geoffrey Barraclough . Several sociologists are also prominent in this field , including Barrington Moore , S. N. Eisenstadt , Seymour Martin Lipset , Charles Tilly , and Michael Mann . Historians generally accept the comparison of particular institutions ( banking , women 's rights , ethnic identities ) in different societies , but since the hostile reaction to Toynbee in the 1950s , generally do not pay much attention to sweeping comparative studies that cover wide swaths of the world over many centuries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57da343227fe2f438b80a2045edd5b4a", "text": "Military career of Napoleon Bonaparte The military career of Napoleon Bonaparte spanned over 20 years . As emperor , he led the French Armies in the Napoleonic Wars . He is widely regarded as a military genius and one of the finest commanders in world history . He fought 60 battles , losing only seven , mostly at the end . The great French dominion collapsed rapidly after the disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812 . Napoleon was defeated in 1814 ; he returned and was finally defeated in 1815 at Waterloo . He spent his remaining days in British custody on the remote island of St. Helena .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc2d793707dab92007ce7ddde532c819", "text": "The Underground History of American Education The Underground History of American Education : A Schoolteacher 's Intimate Investigation Into the Problem of Modern Schooling ( ISBN 0-945700-05-9 , pbk . ISBN 0-945700-04-0 ) is a critique of the United States education system by John Taylor Gatto . A former teacher , Gatto left the classroom the same year he was named New York State Teacher of the Year . He announced his decision in a letter titled `` I Quit , I Think '' . Using anecdotes gathered from thirty years of teaching , alongside documentation , Gatto presents his view of modern compulsion schooling as opposed to genuine education , describing a `` conflict between systems which offer physical safety and certainty at the cost of suppressing free will , and those which offer liberty at the price of constant risk '' . Gatto argues that educational strategies promoted by government and industry leaders for over a century included the creation of a system that keeps real power in the hands of very few people . From the book 's Introduction : '' ... Underground History is n't a history proper , but a collection of materials toward a history , embedded in a personal essay analyzing why mass compulsion schooling is unreformable . The history I have unearthed is important to our understanding ; it 's a good start , I believe , but much remains undone . '' '' ... what I 'm trying to describe -LSB- is -RSB- that what has happened to our schools was inherent in the original design for a planned economy and a planned society laid down so proudly at the end of the nineteenth century . '' Russ Kick offers this in summary : `` In other words , the captains of industry and government explicitly wanted an educational system that would maintain social order by teaching us just enough to get by but not enough so that we could think for ourselves , question the sociopolitical order , or communicate articulately . '' The book was read from 2006-2007 for the Unwelcome Guests radio show . The second edition of the book is expected to be released in November , 2015 , with a foreword by Ron Paul .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6666b9b70dc34eefee6b57bb201dc61f", "text": "Battle of Toulouse (1814) The Battle of Toulouse ( 10 April 1814 ) was one of the final battles of the Napoleonic Wars , four days after Napoleon 's surrender of the French Empire to the nations of the Sixth Coalition . Having pushed the demoralised and disintegrating French Imperial armies out of Spain in a difficult campaign the previous autumn , the Allied British-Portuguese and Spanish army under the Marquess of Wellington pursued the war into southern France in the spring of 1814 . Toulouse , the regional capital , proved stoutly defended by Marshal Soult . One British and two Spanish divisions were badly mauled in bloody fighting on 10 April , with Allied losses exceeding French casualties by 1,400 . As Wellington pulled back to reorganize his shattered units , Soult held the city for an additional day before orchestrating an escape from the town with his entire army . Wellington 's entry on the morning of 12 April was acclaimed by a great number of French Royalists , validating Soult 's earlier fears of potential fifth column elements within the city . That afternoon , the official word of Napoleon 's abdication and the end of the war reached Wellington . Soult agreed to an armistice on 17 April .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fb51e162d653eb90b6e36c7becc92eb", "text": "Veterinary education in France Veterinary education in France is ensured by four specialised grandes écoles , the veterinary schools , located in Lyon , Maisons-Alfort , Nantes and Toulouse . The studies last at least seven years after the baccalauréat and ends with an exertion thesis giving the right to the state diploma of veterinary physician . The course starts with two years of scientific studies at the end of which students spends a national contest to enter into a veterinary school , where studies will then continue over five years . France was the first country where the teaching of veterinary medicine has become institutionalized , through the establishment of the first veterinary schools in the eighteenth century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d344a3ff422e38d49af9a54844977e56", "text": "Napoleon in Holland End September 1811 Napoleon I visited the former Kingdom of Holland ; he explained to Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt his goals : a war at sea with England , to form a government , and ordering the `` Routes impériales '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ea9c7a6519e8764b8ce6f6a559f886", "text": "France France ( -LSB- fʁɑ̃s -RSB- ) , officially the French Republic ( -LSB- ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . France spans 643801 km2 and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome , which held Gaul until 486 , when the Germanic Franks conquered the region and formed the Kingdom of France . France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , with its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 to 1453 ) strengthening state-building and political centralisation . During the Renaissance , French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established , which by the 20th century would be the second largest in the world . The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots ) . France became Europe 's dominant cultural , political , and military power under Louis XIV . In the late 18th century , the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy , established one of modern history 's earliest republics , and saw the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , which expresses the nation 's ideals to this day . In the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire , whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe . Following the collapse of the Empire , France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870 . France was a major participant in the First World War , from which it emerged victorious , and was one of the Allied Powers in the Second World War , but came under occupation by the Axis Powers in 1940 . Following liberation in 1944 , a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War . The Fifth Republic , led by Charles de Gaulle , was formed in 1958 and remains to this day . Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s and typically retained close economic and military connections with France . France has long been a global centre of art , science , and philosophy . It hosts Europe 's fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually , the most of any country in the world . France is a developed country with the world 's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity . In terms of aggregate household wealth , it ranks fourth in the world . France performs well in international rankings of education , health care , life expectancy , and human development . France remains a great power in the world , being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state . It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone . It is also a member of the Group of 7 , North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) , and La Francophonie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3a0132c80841796f26f0c293293b080", "text": "18th century The 18th century lasted from January 1 , 1701 to December 31 , 1800 in the Gregorian calendar . During the 18th century , the Enlightenment culminated in the French and American revolutions . Philosophy and science increased in prominence . Philosophers dreamed of a brighter age . This dream turned into a reality with the French Revolution of 1789 - , though later compromised by the excesses of the Reign of Terror ( 1793-1794 ) under Maximilien Robespierre . At first , many monarchies of Europe embraced Enlightenment ideals , but with the French Revolution they feared losing their power and formed broad coalitions for the counter-revolution . The Ottoman Empire experienced an unprecedented period of peace and economic expansion , taking part in no European wars from 1740 to 1768 . As a consequence the empire did not share in Europe 's military improvements during the Seven Years ' War ( 1756-1763 ) , causing its military to fall behind and suffer defeats against Russia in the second half of the century . The 18th century also marked the end of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth as an independent state . The once-powerful and vast kingdom , which had once conquered Moscow and defeated great Ottoman armies , collapsed under numerous invasions . Its semi-democratic government system was not robust enough to rival the neighboring monarchies of the Kingdom of Prussia , the Russian Empire and the Archduchy of Austria which divided the Commonwealth territories between themselves , changing the landscape of Central European politics for the next hundred years . European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as the Age of Sail continued . Great Britain became a major power worldwide with the defeat of France in North America in the 1760s and the conquest of large parts of India . However , Britain lost many of its North American colonies after the American Revolution , which resulted in the formation of the newly independent United States of America . The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the 1770s with the production of the improved steam engine . Despite its modest beginnings in the 18th century , steam-powered machinery would radically change human society and the environment . Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work . For example , the `` short '' 18th century may be defined as 1715 -- 1789 , denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution , with an emphasis on directly interconnected events . To historians who expand the century to include larger historical movements , the `` long '' 18th century may run from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 or even later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a69ffedf72eceecc24c9e8616f40118", "text": "L'Empereur is a turn-based strategy video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System released by the Koei company in 1989 . The user controls Napoleon Bonaparte during the Napoleonic Wars of the late 18th and early 19th Centuries . The goal is to conquer Europe . The game begins with Napoleon as an army officer , but with victories in combat , the user may get promoted to Commander-in-Chief , First Consul , and finally Emperor of the French , with more powers and actions available at each level . As Emperor , the user also controls Napoleon 's brothers , Louis , Jérôme , Lucien , and Joseph , as well as Napoleon 's stepson , Eugene Beauharnais . The game has both military and civilian aspects . The user can lead armies , act as mayor of cities , and depending on the level achieved , engage in diplomacy with other nations . This historically accurate game reproduces many historical figures and the militaries of Europe with great detail .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7fb1039fcc2527f3d5f383b2888319c7	A loss of supply only has nothing to do with prime ministers.	[ { "docid": "5883664889ea9ae82f86b39d9135787e", "text": "Loss of supply Loss of supply occurs where a government in a parliamentary democracy using the Westminster System or a system derived from it is denied a supply of treasury or exchequer funds , by whichever house or houses of parliament or head of state is constitutionally entitled to grant and deny supply . A defeat on a budgetary vote is one such way by which supply can be denied . Loss of supply is typically interpreted as indicating a loss of confidence in the government . Not all `` money bills '' are necessarily supply bills . For instance , in Australia , supply bills are defined as `` bills which are required by the Government to carry on its day-to-day business '' . When a loss of supply occurs , a prime minister is generally required either by constitutional convention or by explicit constitutional instruction to either resign immediately or seek a parliamentary dissolution . Some constitutions , however , do not allow the option of parliamentary dissolution but rather require the government to be dissolved or to resign . A similar deadlock can occur within a presidential system , where it is also known as a budget crisis . In contrast to parliamentary systems , the failure of the legislature to authorize spending may not in all circumstances result in an election , because some such legislatures enjoy fixed terms and so can not be dissolved before a date of termination , which can result in a prolonged crisis . A deadlock between a head of state and the legislative body can give rise and cause for a head of state to prematurely dismiss the elected government , requiring it to seek re-election . If a government maintains the support of a majority of legislators or the elected parliamentary representatives , the blocking of supply by a head of state would be seen as an abuse of authority and power . Many western countries have removed or restricted the right of a head of state to block supply or veto a government budget unless there is overwhelming justification and cause for such action .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4b8aa79ebf57be79af1ae59a73a3fd24", "text": "Money creation Money creation ( also known as credit creation ) is the process by which the money supply of a country or a monetary region ( such as the Eurozone ) is increased . A central bank may introduce new money into the economy ( termed `` expansionary monetary policy '' , or by detractors `` printing money '' ) by purchasing financial assets or lending money to financial institutions . However , in most countries today , most of the money supply is in the form of bank deposits , which is created by private banks in a fractional reserve banking system . Bank lending increases the amount of broad money beyond the amount of base money originally created by the central bank . Reserve requirements , capital adequacy ratios , and other policies of the central bank influence this process . Central banks monitor the amount of money in the economy by measuring monetary aggregates such as M2 . The effect of monetary policy on the money supply is indicated by comparing these measurements on various dates . For example , in the United States , money supply measured as M2 grew from $ 6.407 trillion in January 2005 , to $ 8.319 trillion in January 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "075f4971e6c19d2c9742d4bf3085b53c", "text": "Postmaster General of the United Kingdom The Postmaster General of the United Kingdom was a Cabinet-level ministerial position in HM Government . Aside from maintaining the postal system , the Telegraph Act of 1868 established the Postmaster General 's right to exclusively maintain electric telegraphs . This would subsequently extend to telecommunications and broadcasting . The office was abolished in 1969 by the Post Office Act 1969 . A replacement public authority governed by a chairman was established under the name of the `` Post Office ( that part subsumed by Royal Mail ) '' . The position of `` Postmaster General '' was , with reduced powers , replaced with `` Minister of Posts and Telecommunications '' ; since which most such regulation instead has been delegated to the Secretary of State for Culture , Media and Sport however the present-day Royal Mail Group was overseen by the Secretary of State for Business , Innovation and Skills prior to flotation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f951c94a17bf9f1244cc62c7afe1ecb8", "text": "Sustainable investment rule The sustainable investment rule , as referred to in the United Kingdom , is one of several fiscal policy principles set out by the incoming Labour government in 1997 . These were first set out by then Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown in his 1997 budget speech . Subsequently they were formalised in the Finance Act 1998 and in the Code for Fiscal Stability , approved by the House of Commons in December 1998 . The sustainable investment rule states that public sector net debt as a proportion of gross domestic product ( GDP ) will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level . The Chancellor has stated that , other things being equal , net government debt will be maintained below 40 % of GDP over the current economic cycle . This `` rule '' is however merely a stated aim with no sanctions against the incumbent government if broken , unlike some balanced budget provisions used in other countries . The sustainable investment rule is the counterpart to the Golden Rule , introduced at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f9e013663701164149ef7ec6230e766", "text": "Big Six energy suppliers The Big Six are the United Kingdom 's largest energy suppliers , supplying gas and electricity to over 50 million homes and businesses in Britain , with over 90 % share of domestic customers . `` Supplier '' is meant by the business of buying wholesale power ( or gas ) , paying network and government policy costs and charges , and charging the customers of that supplier , for their electricity ( or gas ) . The assets of a supplier , which is a separate licensed business , are its people , and its offices . The business of four of the big energy Suppliers , including of their wider company groups , does not entail owning , or running , any actual network assets - underground cables , overhead lines , or pipes - to physically deliver electricity or gas . The two exceptions to this , are the two big Scottish Supplier firms , whose wider company groups do own some network assets . Confusingly , the term `` Big Six '' has recently been used prominently in the British media to refer , instead , to Britain 's energy network firms such as UK Power Networks ( which are generally independent of the biggest six British energy suppliers ) . There has also been a tendency in the media to wrongly refer to electricity network firms as `` electricity suppliers '' , thus sowing further confusion and misunderstanding , The `` Big Six '' as the term has most often been used , tends to be a reference to the oldest British electricity companies ( which are all also involved in the retail Supply of gas ) plus British Gas . This comprises ( 1 ) British Gas ( owned by UK firm Centrica which is listed on the LSE ) , ( 2 ) EDF Energy ( owned by French firm Électricité de France which is listed on the Paris Stock Exchange , ( 3 ) npower , ( 4 ) E.ON UK ( each German-owned ) , ( 5 ) Scottish Power ( Spanish-owned ) , and ( 6 ) SSE ( listed on the LSE ) . According to SERIS , the generation businesses of the ` Big Six ' energy firms amount to around three-quarters of British generating capacity . Three out of the ` Big Ten ' generators in the UK can probably still be categorised as majority-owned by British shareholders ; the other seven are listed firms that are owned by their many shareholders , some of whom will be British , but many of whom may not be British . Figures from independent research group Cornwall Energy suggest that by September 2014 Britain 's big six energy companies had a 92.4 % share of the market -- a decrease from 99.8 % in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "513a1030bd1021f4fb1bcac4a4237b5f", "text": "Black Budget (New Zealand) In New Zealand , the term Black Budget refers to the government budget of 26 June 1958 in which Finance Minister Arnold Nordmeyer increased taxes on beer , tobacco , cars and petrol . The second Labour government took office in 1957 , the 32nd Parliament . Within a year , the government was confronted with a balance of payments crisis caused by the collapse of the price of butter in Britain ( at the time New Zealand 's largest export market ) . Nordmeyer 's colleagues were reluctant to cut government spending or break expensive election promises , so Nordmeyer was left with little option but to raise taxes . The budget increased social security benefits but was very unpopular , not least with Labour 's traditional working-class supporters . The term ` black budget ' is believed to have been coined by union leader Fintan Patrick Walsh , but was taken up by the National Party opposition , and became the commonly used term for the budget . The budget was prepared by the cabinet finance committee of Walter Nash , Arnold Nordmeyer , Phil Holloway and Tom Skinner ; and Warren Freer was told by Holloway that it was Nash rather than Nordmeyer who fought for the `` draconian measures '' finally adopted . While export prices had `` had a real bashing '' with butter at half its normal level and wool and meat also down , Holloway and Skinner felt that prices of both wool and meat were likely to rise and drastic measures were not fully justified . In caucus the measures were criticised by Michael Moohan , Frank Kitts and Bill Fox and , despite his cabinet position , Moohan continued to agitate against the beer price rise in private . Philip Connolly said of Nash , who had said that there was no alternative , that he was `` telling a bloody big lie '' as Nash was rubbing the gold cross on his watch chain when he said it . Freer saw some saving grace in the tightening of import controls and emphasis on local manufacture . The government 's popularity never recovered from the budget , which is generally believed to have cost it the 1960 election . Nordmeyer was forever tainted by the ` black budget ' , which gave him a reputation as a puritanical ` wowser ' who was opposed to simple working class pleasures such as beer and cigarettes . Despite this , he became the leader of the Labour Party in 1963 , but was replaced by Norman Kirk less than three years later . In 2010 , DB Breweries ran an advertising campaign attributing the creation of one of its brands , DB Export Gold to the increased taxes on beer introduced by the ` black budget ' . However , the brewery was forced to pull the campaign from television and internet in February 2011 ( though Newspaper ads were unaffected ) after the New Zealand Advertising Standards Authority partially upheld a complaint laid by Progressive Party leader Jim Anderton that the campaign was `` unethical , inaccurate and distorted history '' as little beer was then imported to New Zealand and the budget raised the excise only to the same as local beers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9acf7748a98a46afd242a439bd468182", "text": "Do Nothing Do Nothing may refer to : `` Do Nothing '' ( song ) , a 1980 single by The Specials included on the album More Specials Do Nothing Congress , an epithet applied to the 80th United States Congress ( 1947 -- 49 ) Do Nothing Farming , an ecological farming approach established by Masanobu Fukuoka ( 1913 -- 2008 ) Do nothing grinder ( AKA Kentucky do-nothing , or do nothing machine ) , a novelty or toy version of the Trammel of Archimedes , which draws an ellipse Do nothing instruction ( AKA NOP or NOOP ) , in computer programming Do nothing kings , English name for the rois fainéants of the later kings of the Merovingian dynasty ( 7th and 8th centuries AD )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c7e16659d51ab75ed83813be503ebd0", "text": "Prime Minister of Australia The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the head of government of Australia . The individual who holds the office is the most senior Minister of the Crown , the leader of the Cabinet and the chairperson of the National Security Committee . The Prime Minister also has the responsibility of administering the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet . The office is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia and exists only through longstanding political convention and tradition . Despite this , in practice it is the most powerful parliamentary position in Australia . The individual who holds the office is commissioned by the Governor-General of Australia . Almost always and according to convention , the Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party or largest party in a coalition of parties in the House of Representatives . However , there is no constitutional requirement that the Prime Minister sit in the House of Representatives , though by convention this is always the case . The only case where a member of the Senate was appointed Prime Minister was John Gorton , who subsequently resigned his Senate position and was elected as a member of the House of Representatives ( Senator George Pearce was acting Prime Minister for seven months in 1916 while Billy Hughes was overseas ) . Malcolm Turnbull has held the office of Prime Minister since 15 September 2015 . He received his commission after replacing Tony Abbott as the leader of the Liberal Party , the dominant party in the Coalition government , following the outcome of the September 2015 Liberal leadership ballot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "094b546e62581ff82522be9ddecac952", "text": "Long Depression The Long Depression was a worldwide price and economic recession , beginning in 1873 and running either through the spring of 1879 , or 1896 , depending on the metrics used . It was the most severe in Europe and the United States , which had been experiencing strong economic growth fueled by the Second Industrial Revolution in the decade following the American Civil War . The episode was labeled the `` Great Depression '' at the time , and it held that designation until the Great Depression of the 1930s . Though a period of general deflation and a general contraction , it did not have the severe economic retrogression of the Great Depression . It was most notable in Western Europe and North America , at least in part because reliable data from the period is most readily available in those parts of the world . The United Kingdom is often considered to have been the hardest hit ; during this period it lost some of its large industrial lead over the economies of Continental Europe . While it was occurring , the view was prominent that the economy of the United Kingdom had been in continuous depression from 1873 to as late as 1896 and some texts refer to the period as the Great Depression of 1873 -- 96 . In the United States , economists typically refer to the Long Depression as the Depression of 1873 -- 79 , kicked off by the Panic of 1873 , and followed by the Panic of 1893 , book-ending the entire period of the wider Long Depression . The National Bureau of Economic Research dates the contraction following the panic as lasting from October 1873 to March 1879 . At 65 months , it is the longest-lasting contraction identified by the NBER , eclipsing the Great Depression 's 43 months of contraction . In the US , from 1873 to 1879 , 18,000 businesses went bankrupt , including 89 railroads . Ten states and hundreds of banks went bankrupt . Unemployment peaked in 1878 , long after the panic ended . Different sources peg the peak U.S. unemployment rate anywhere from 8.25 % to 14 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5da0d81e204fa0fc665a3401736ecf14", "text": "Victorian Liberal Party The Victorian Liberal Party ( VLP ) , often called the Hollway Liberals , was an independent political party formed on 27 October 1954 from a grouping of supporters of Thomas Hollway , a former leader of the Liberal and Country Party and Premier of Victoria . The extant Liberal and Country Party was the actual Victorian division of the Liberal Party of Australia . The party was originally the Electoral Reform League , a political group formed by Hollway after his expulsion from the Liberal and Country Party , with the goal of re-distributing Victoria 's electoral boundaries , which Hollway and his supporters saw as mal-apportioned in favour of the Country Party . With electoral reform implemented by John Cain 's Labor government , the group became known as the `` Hollway group '' . On 27 October 1954 , the Speaker informed the assembly that Hollway 's group had formally become an Opposition party . Hollway told reporters that he had attempted to unify opposition against the Labor Party , but that the Liberal and Country Party had rejected his overtures , leaving him no option but to form a `` separate political entity '' . He stated that the VLP had been formed to bring `` the true principles of liberalism to the Parliament '' . In December 1954 Hollway issued an ultimatum to the Cain government , demanding it remove price controls or his party would use its two votes in the Victorian Legislative Council to defeat the Price Control Extension Bill , which would have extended government control of prices a further twelve months from its expiration date of 31 December . The government ignored the ultimatum , and the bill was defeated in the upper house , but Cain came to an agreement with Hollway to maintain supply . The party ceased to exist in 1955 when all four members of the party ( Hollway , Alexander Dennett , John Don and Ray Tovell ) lost their seats in the Legislative Assembly at the 1955 state election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70326ad8086e25752ca1d15e8093950e", "text": "Rare disasters A rare disaster is an economic collapse that is infrequent and large in magnitude , having a negative effect on an economy . Rare disasters are important because they provide an explanation of the equity premium puzzle , the behavior of interest rates , and other economic phenomena . The parameters for a rare disaster are a substantial drop in GDP and at least a 10 % decrease in consumption . Examples include financial disasters : the Great Depression and the 1997 Asian financial crisis ; wars : World War I , World War II , and regional conflicts ; epidemics : influenza outbreaks and the Asian Flu ; weather events ; and earthquakes and tsunamis ; however , any event that has a substantial impact on GDP and consumption could be considered a rare disaster . The idea was first proposed by Rietz in 1988 , as a way to explain the equity premium puzzle . Since then , other economists have added to and strengthened the idea with evidence , but many economists are still skeptical of the theory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad22af36642f29d56410e372a63a8f00", "text": "Deflation In economics , deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services . Deflation occurs when the inflation rate falls below 0 % ( a negative inflation rate ) . Inflation reduces the real value of money over time ; conversely , deflation increases the real value of money the currency of a national or regional economy . This allows one to buy more goods and services than before with the same amount of money . Economists generally believe that deflation is a problem in a modern economy because it may increase the real value of debt , especially if the deflation was unexpected . Deflation may also aggravate recessions and lead to a deflationary spiral . Deflation is distinct from disinflation , a slow-down in the inflation rate , i.e. when inflation declines to a lower rate but is still positive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "592c2bd80c4689b510265e11f8fdbcfb", "text": "Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic , whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister head of government , and of a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Assembly of the Republic . The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature . The Prime Minister must control a majority of parliament in order to govern . There have been ten Prime Ministers of Northern Cyprus since 1983 . The premiership 's precursor was a post known as the `` President of the Turkish Cypriot Communal Chamber '' . The only man to occupy this post was Rauf Denktaş from December 29 , 1969 to July 5 , 1976 . There were three prime ministers before the Turkish Cypriot community 's unilateral declaration of independence in 1983 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03efbbeac3afcd414c308ecb6b110923", "text": "Economic operator An economic operator is a business or other organisation which supplies goods , works or services within the context of market operations . The term is used in public procurement to cover suppliers , contractors and service providers . The term is defined in the UK 's Public Contracts Regulations as : `` any person or public entity or group of such persons and entities , including any temporary association of undertakings , which offers the execution of works or a work , the supply of products or the provision of services on the market '' . Early European Union legislation on public procurement was contained within three separate Directives on purchasing of services , goods and works , but once a single directive was adopted in 2004 , a term was needed which would cover suppliers , contractors and service providers without implying or being limited to private sector operations . The terms ` business ' or ` undertaking ' would therefore have been inappropriate and the term ` economic operator ' was therefore adopted . In introducing the new term within the 2004 Directive , the text explained that the terms `` contractor '' , `` supplier '' and `` service provider '' ( as used within the Directive ) would mean ` any natural or legal person or public entity or group of such persons and/or bodies which offers on the market , respectively , the execution of works and/or a work , products or services ' and the term `` economic operator '' shall cover equally the concepts of contractor , supplier and service provider . It is used merely in the interest of simplification . '", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfd62d06c72fb82b8770868563666f37", "text": "Royal Commission on the Depression in Trade and Industry The Royal Commission on the Depression in Trade and Industry was a Royal Commission of the United Kingdom set up by the Prime Minister Lord Salisbury 's minority Conservative government in August 1885 and completed in December 1886 . It occurred during the Great Depression of 1873 -- 96 . The decision by Salisbury to appoint this Royal Commission has been seen as a way of easing the pressure on the Conservative Party from `` fair traders '' who opposed the prevailing free trade orthodoxy . The former Liberal ministers who Salisbury wished to appoint to the Royal Commission , such as John Kynaston Cross , declined to do so because such an inquiry implicitly questioned the validity of free trade . The Commission was chaired by Lord Iddesleigh , a free trader . W. D. Rubinstein has noted that `` This commission was notable for being one of the first to acknowledge Britain 's disadvantages as the earliest industrial country at a time of intense foreign competition . Its recommendations were moderate , and Iddesleigh 's chairmanship ensured that it did not stray from free-trade orthodoxy despite the growing calls for protection from many tories '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a873c6353b26bf3c013972661bbb7a1", "text": "False economy In economics , a false economy is an action that saves money at the beginning but which , over a longer period of time , results in more money being spent or wasted than being saved . For example , it may be false economy if a city government decided to purchase the least expensive automobiles for use by city workers , as cheap automobiles have a record of needing more frequent repairs in the long term and the additional repair costs would eradicate any initial savings . Motivating factors on the part of the party engaging in false economies may be linked to the long-term involvement of this party . For example , a real estate developer who builds a condominium may turn the finished structure over to the ensuing condominium corporation which is run by its members once the last unit is sold and the building has passed a final inspection . Longevity of the components of the structure beyond the final turnover of the facility may not be a major motivating factor for the developer , meaning that the result of the application of false economies may be more detrimental to the end user , as opposed to the developer . Individuals may also practise false economy in their personal lives . A notable practitioner of false economy was King Frederick William I of Prussia , who was said by Thomas Macaulay to have saved five or six reichsthalers a year feeding his family unwholesome cabbages even though the poor diet sickened his children and the resulting medical care cost him many times what he saved . The concept is related to planned obsolescence , whereby the lower initial cost of a false economy attracts buyers mostly on the basis of low cost , who may later be at a disadvantage . Poor people are often forced into false economies when they ca n't afford the better long term option in the short term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65db15b7b1b6d8061b34c5578b25d138", "text": "1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference The 1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers ' Economic Conference was an emergency Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations . It was called by the British government of Sir Winston Churchill and held in the United Kingdom in December 1952 as a follow-up to a Commonwealth Finance Minister 's conference held in January 1952 . The conference was held in the context of British economic and military decline and the United States ' surging role in the world . The principal topic of the conference was the convertibility and liquidity of Pound sterling into American dollars and British concerns that non-sterling Commonwealth countries were building up sterling balances for the purpose of conversion into American dollars , the future of the Pound sterling area , and the alleviation of Commonwealth trade restrictions and imperial preference , particularly in the light of the surging American economy and the desire of Commonwealth countries such as Australia for American investment in order for economic development to occur against British concerns that American economic dominance threatened Britain 's economic position . This discussion was necessary as the Commonwealth , with the exception of Canada , had a common pool of gold and dollar reserves . Little was accomplished in the economic discussion with the final communique being described as an `` agreement in platitudes '' . British concerns at being excluded from the ANZUS military treaty between Australia , New Zealand and the United States were also a topic and were addressed by a communique issued by the prime ministers supporting Britain 's demand for a voice in ANZUS . In addition , Commonwealth prime ministers , after months of discussion on whether the newly ascended Queen Elizabeth II should have a uniform Royal Styles and Titles throughout the Commonwealth or whether realms should adopt their own styles and titles , it was agreed that each member of the Commonwealth `` should use for its own purposes a form of the Royal Style and Titles which suits its own particular circumstances but retains a substantial element which is common to all '' and agreed to pass appropriate legislation in their respective parliaments . The prime ministers also agreed to proclaim the new Queen , Elizabeth II , Head of the Commonwealth in succession of her late father , George VI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "155337f26aedfd7fc2db99a9af814945", "text": "Second Menzies Ministry The Second Menzies Ministry was the twenty-seventh Australian Commonwealth ministry , and ran from 14 March 1940 to 28 October 1940 . United Australia Party -- Australian Country Party Coalition Rt Hon Robert Menzies , KC MP : Prime Minister , Minister for Defence Co-ordination , Minister for Information . Minister for Munitions ( from 11 June 1940 ) ( UAP ) Hon Archie Cameron , MP : Minister for Commerce , Minister for the Navy ( CP ) Rt Hon Billy Hughes , KC MP : Attorney-General , Minister for Industry ( UAP ) Hon Geoffrey Street , MP : Minister for the Army , Minister for Repatriation ( to 13 August 1940 ) ( UAP ) Hon Sir Henry Gullett , KCMG MP : Vice-President of the Executive Council , Minister in charge of Scientific and Industrial Research ( to 13 August 1940 ) ( UAP ) Senator Hon George McLeay : Minister for Trade and Customs ( UAP ) Hon James Fairbairn , MP : Minister for Civil Aviation , Minister for Air ( to 13 August 1940 ) ( UAP ) Hon Sir Frederick Stewart , MP : Minister for Social Services , Minister for Supply and Development ( UAP ) Senator Hon Harry Foll : Minister for the Interior ( UAP ) Senator Hon Herbert Collett : Minister without portfolio in charge of War Service Homes , Minister without portfolio assisting the Minister for Repatriation ( to 14 August 1940 ) . Minister in charge of War Service Homes , Vice-President of the Executive Council , Minister in charge of Scientific and Industrial Research ( from 14 August 1940 ) . ( UAP ) Senator Hon Philip McBride : Minister without portfolio assisting the Minister for the Minister for Commerce ( to 14 August 1940 ) , Minister for the Army , Minister for Repatriation ( from 14 August 1940 ) ( UAP ) Hon Percy Spender , KC MP : Treasurer ( UAP ) Hon John McEwen , MP : Minister for External Affairs ( CP ) Hon Harold Thorby , MP : Minister for Health , Postmaster-General ( CP ) Hon Arthur Fadden , MP : Minister without portfolio assisting the Minister for Supply and Development , Minister without portfolio assisting the Treasurer ( CP ) ( to 14 August 1940 ) . Minister for Air , Minister for Civil Aviation , Minister assisting the Treasurer ( from 14 August 1940 ) ( CP ) Hon Horace Nock , MP : Minister without portfolio assisting the Prime Minister , Minister without portfolio in charge of External Territories , Minister without portfolio assisting the Minister for the Interior ( CP )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d4ce90546a5a6f135201d76e1219963", "text": "2012 British cabinet reshuffle British prime minister David Cameron conducted the first major reshuffle of his coalition government on 4 September 2012 . The reshuffle , nearly two and a half years after the government was sworn in , was highly anticipated , and eschewed the trend of annual reshuffles which had become common under the governments of the 1990s and 2000s . As a result , many ministers had been in place not just since the government was elected in 2010 , but had covered the portfolio in Cameron 's shadow cabinet or even earlier ; Andrew Lansley had covered the health brief since 2004 , when Michael Howard led the Conservatives in opposition . Despite this , Cameron 's room to manoeuvre was limited by his coalition agreement with Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg 's Liberal Democrats , which guaranteed the minority party seats in government , and Clegg the right to select his ministers . Further , Cameron 's personal aversion to reshuffles and belief that ministers were most effective when given time at a department led to him viewing many cabinet members , including the holders of the Great Offices of State , as immovable . The reshuffle , which was criticised by the opposition for resulting in a cabinet with only four female members out of twenty-two , ultimately shifted Cameron 's government significantly to the right on business , justice , and the environment , and rid the government of perceived weaknesses , while maintaining stability at the top . In an official statement , Number 10 stated that the impetus for the reshuffle was the fact that after more than two years , the government was `` at the delivery phase '' and that ministers had `` been appointed with that in mind '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61ecfd2cfddc6e6c45cec165c2b45c2b", "text": "Hunger in the United Kingdom Chronic hunger has affected a sizable proportion of the UK 's population throughout most of its history . The problem was largely solved with the improved economic conditions that followed World War II . Yet since the lasting global inflation in the price of food that began in late 2006 , and especially since the financial crisis of 2008 , severe hunger has once again began to affect thousands of Britons . By December 2013 , according to a group of doctors and academics writing in The British Medical Journal , hunger in the UK had reached the level of a `` public health emergency '' . In the run up to the 2015 general election , the issue of hunger in the UK became somewhat politicised , with right wing commentators expressing scepticism about figures presented by church groups and left leaning activitists . An All-Party MP group focusing on hunger in the UK has called for activists to be cautious in how they discuss the problem of domestic hunger , as exaggerated claims and political point scoring risk reducing public support for tackling the issue . In a 2016 report , the All-Party group stated it is not possible to accurately quantify the number of people suffering from hunger in the UK , and called for better collection of data . The UK has seen several changes in prevailing attitudes to the problem of hunger and its relief . In the early 19th century , a view arose that it was counter productive to assist those suffering from hunger ; rather people should be left to fend for themselves , which would help them become more self-sufficient and would also assist the free market to deliver prosperity . By the early 20th century this way of thinking had been largely displaced by the humanitarian view that Britons have a moral duty to help the hungry when they are able .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37371ac5745f0caad0b4b4dcd85a1eb3", "text": "Say's law Say 's law , or the law of markets , in classical economics , states that aggregate production necessarily creates an equal quantity of aggregate demand . The French economist Jean-Baptiste Say ( 1767 -- 1832 ) introduced the idea in 1803 , in his principal work , A Treatise on Political Economy ( Traité d'économie politique ) : A product is no sooner created , than it , from that instant , affords a market for other products to the full extent of its own value . and As each of us can only purchase the productions of others with his own productions -- as the value we can buy is equal to the value we can produce , the more men can produce , the more they will purchase . Say further argued that this law of markets implies that a general glut ( the term used in Say 's time for a widespread excess of supply over demand ) can not occur . If there is a surplus of one good , there must be unmet demand for another : `` If certain goods remain unsold , it is because other goods are not produced . '' Say 's law has been one of the principal doctrines used to support the laissez-faire belief that a capitalist economy will naturally tend toward full employment and prosperity without government intervention . Over the years , at least two objections to Say 's law have been raised : General gluts do occur , particularly during recessions and depressions . Economic agents may collectively choose to increase the amount of money they hold , thereby reducing demand but not supply . Say 's law was generally accepted throughout the 19th century , though modified to incorporate the idea of a `` boom-and-bust '' cycle . During the worldwide Great Depression of the 1930s , the theories of Keynesian economics disputed Say 's conclusions . Scholars disagree on the question of whether it was Say who first stated the principle , but by convention , Say 's law has been another name for the law of markets ever since John Maynard Keynes used the term in the 1930s .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f5e80176fb21e1366f4eac48bc93270e	Ringo Starr has been featured in textbooks.	[ { "docid": "3319e8f29d0485b16d350da8074f9345", "text": "Ringo Starr Richard Starkey , ( born 7 July 1940 ) , known professionally as Ringo Starr , is an English drummer , singer , songwriter and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles . He occasionally sang lead vocals , usually for one song on an album , including `` With a Little Help from My Friends '' , `` Yellow Submarine '' and their cover of `` Act Naturally '' . He also wrote the Beatles ' songs `` Do n't Pass Me By '' and `` Octopus 's Garden '' , and is credited as a co-writer of others , including `` What Goes On '' and `` Flying '' . Starr was twice afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood , and as a result of prolonged hospitalisations fell behind in school . In 1955 , he entered the workforce and briefly held a position with British Rail before securing an apprenticeship at a Liverpool equipment manufacturer . Soon afterwards , he became interested in the UK skiffle craze , developing a fervent admiration for the genre . In 1957 , he cofounded his first band , the Eddie Clayton Skiffle Group , which earned several prestigious local bookings before the fad succumbed to American rock and roll by early 1958 . When the Beatles formed in 1960 , Starr was a member of another Liverpool group , Rory Storm and the Hurricanes . After achieving moderate success with that band in the UK and Hamburg , he quit the Hurricanes and joined the Beatles in August 1962 , replacing Pete Best . Starr played key roles in the Beatles ' films and appeared in numerous others . After the band 's break-up in 1970 , he released several successful singles including the US number four hit `` It Do n't Come Easy '' , and number ones `` Photograph '' and `` You 're Sixteen '' . In 1972 , he released his most successful UK single , `` Back Off Boogaloo '' , which peaked at number two . He achieved commercial and critical success with his 1973 album Ringo , which was a top ten release in both the UK and the US . He has been featured in a number of documentaries and hosted television shows . He also narrated the first two series of the children 's television programme Thomas & Friends and portrayed `` Mr Conductor '' during the first season of the PBS children 's television series Shining Time Station . Since 1989 , he has toured with twelve variations of Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band . Starr 's creative contribution to music has received praise from other drummers such as Phil Collins , who described him as `` a great musician '' , and Steve Smith , who commented : `` Before Ringo , drum stars were measured by their soloing ability and virtuosity . Ringo 's popularity brought forth a new paradigm ... we started to see the drummer as an equal participant in the compositional aspect ... His parts are so signature to the songs that you can listen to a Ringo drum part without the rest of the music and still identify the song . '' He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1998 . In 2011 , Rolling Stone readers named Starr the fifth-greatest drummer of all time . Starr , who was previously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a Beatle in 1988 , was inducted for his solo career in 2015 , making him one of 21 performers inducted more than once .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d1ce75970fa0f2f9d5f37d8bcb078e04", "text": "Harry Ellis Wooldridge Harry Ellis Wooldridge ( 28 March 1845 -- 13 February 1917 ) was an English musical antiquary , artist and Professor of Fine Arts . His music collections included transcripts of 17th - and 18th-century Italian music . He enrolled at the Royal Academy in 1865 , becoming interested in early music at about the same time . He was studio assistant to Sir Edward Burne-Jones and later worked with Henry Holiday , the chief designer for James Powell and Sons , stained glass makers . Wooldridge was retained by Powell 's and designed stained glass and tile paintings for more than twenty years . His church commissions included a reredos for St Martin 's Church in Brighton ( described as his chef d'œuvre ) , and the painting of frescoes in St John-at-Hampstead . His growing authority on early music led to his 1895 appointment , succeeding John Ruskin as Slade Professor of Fine Art at Oxford . His main contributions to music literature are a new edition of William Chappell 's Popular Music of the Olden Time , which appeared under the title Old English Popular Music ( 1893 ) and The Polyphonic Period , parts I. and II . ( vols . i. and ii . of the Oxford History of Music , 1901 -- 05 ) . Wooldridge edited the Yattendon Hymnal ( 1895 -- 1899 ) with his lifelong friend , the Poet Laureate , Robert Seymour Bridges , with whom he lived at one stage at 50 Maddox Street in London . The Hymnal is regarded as `` influential in the contemporary reform of hymnody and the revival of sixteenth and seventeenth century music '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17369810ed4fea2f91a766f56ceb199c", "text": "Nowhere Man: The Final Days of John Lennon Nowhere Man : The Final Days of John Lennon , first published in 2000 and written by New York journalist Robert Rosen , who in 1981 had access to John Lennon 's diaries , is a controversial account of the ex-Beatle 's last five years . The book disputes the official view of Lennon as a contented househusband raising his son Sean and baking bread while Yoko ran the family business . Instead , Nowhere Man portrays Lennon 's daily life at the Dakota as that of a `` tormented superstar , a prisoner of his fame , locked in his bedroom raving about Jesus Christ , while a retinue of servants tended to his every need . '' Rosen says that he used his memory of Lennon 's diaries as `` a roadmap to the truth . '' The final part of the book , The Coda , focuses on the mental disintegration of Lennon 's assassin , Mark David Chapman , and includes Chapter 27 , the so-called missing chapter of J.D. Salinger 's classic novel of disaffected youth , The Catcher in the Rye , that `` inspired '' Chapman to murder Lennon . It was Chapman 's goal , according to Rosen , to write Chapter 27 `` in Lennon 's blood . '' Originally written in 1982 , the manuscript remained unpublished for 18 years . Soft Skull Press acquired the rights to the book in 1999 and brought out the hardcover edition the following year . Quick American Archives then picked up the rights and published the paperback edition in 2002 . Nowhere Man was a bestseller in the United States ( Los Angeles Times , September 3 , 2000 ) , England ( Mojo , October 2000 ) , and Japan ( Amazon.co.jp , October 2000 ) . In 2003 , Random House Mondadori brought out a Spanish-language edition in Latin America . The book received extensive coverage and was excerpted in such publications as Proceso , La Jornada , El Universal , Reforma , Semana , Gatopardo , Soho , El Heraldo , El Mercurio , La Tercera , Las Últimas Noticias , and The Clinic . Nowhere Man appeared on bestseller lists in Mexico and Colombia . The other foreign editions were published by DHC ( Japan , 2000 ) , Fusion Press ( UK , 2000 ) , Hannibal ( Germany , 2001 ) . and Coniglio ( Italy 2011 ) . The title of the book refers to The Beatles ' song `` Nowhere Man '' ( which was written and sung primarily by Lennon ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe9761c0b629832c4a69965e2acb6339", "text": "Blue Jay Way `` Blue Jay Way '' is a song recorded by the English rock band the Beatles . Written by George Harrison , it was released in 1967 on the group 's Magical Mystery Tour EP and album . The song was named after a street in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles where Harrison stayed in August 1967 , shortly before visiting the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco . The lyrics document Harrison 's wait for music publicist Derek Taylor to find his way to Blue Jay Way through the fog-ridden hills , while Harrison struggled to stay awake after the flight from London to Los Angeles . As with several of Harrison 's compositions from this period , `` Blue Jay Way '' incorporates aspects of Indian classical music , although the Beatles used only Western instrumentation on the track , including a drone-like Hammond organ part played by Harrison . Created during the group 's psychedelic period , the track makes extensive use of studio techniques such as flanging , Leslie rotary effect , and reversed tape sounds . The song appeared in the Beatles ' 1967 television film Magical Mystery Tour , in a sequence that visually re-creates the sense of haziness and dislocation evident on the recording . While some reviewers have dismissed the song as monotonous , many others have admired its yearning quality and dark musical mood . The website Consequence of Sound describes `` Blue Jay Way '' as `` a haunted house of a hit , adding an ethereal , creepy mythos to the City of Angels '' . Among its continued links with Los Angeles , the song was one of the first Beatles tracks that cult leader Charles Manson adopted as the foundation for his Helter Skelter theory of an American race-related countercultural revolution . Artists who have covered the song include Bud Shank , Colin Newman , Tracy Bonham , Siouxsie and the Banshees and Greg Hawkes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ca8e6ef4929c6baf748089bc520c3b8", "text": "Starkey (surname) Starkey is a surname , and may refer to : Dan Starkey , British actor David Starkey , English historian and television presenter David Starkey ( maritime historian ) at the University of Hull Dean Starkey , American pole vaulter George Starkey ( alchemist ) , English-American James Leslie Starkey ( 1895-1938 ) , Archaeologist Jim Starkey , database architect Joe Starkey , American sports announcer Maureen Starkey Tigrett ( 1946 -- 1994 ) , first wife of Ringo Starr Phyllis Starkey , English politician Ringo Starr ( born 1940 ) , British musician of The Beatles , born Richard Starkey Thomas Starkey , English humanist writer Zak Starkey ( born 1965 ) , English musician , son of Ringo Starr Starkey Baronets , a family in Nottingham , England", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a82966a00a6f17d606b35dc5ebe2e73", "text": "Beatles and Rolling Stones rivalry", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49585150bf88fcdb2ab48e3edaa6abc1", "text": "Stuart Sutcliffe Stuart Fergusson Victor Sutcliffe ( 23 June 1940 -- 10 April 1962 ) was a British painter and musician best known as the original bass guitarist for the Beatles . Sutcliffe left the band to pursue his career as a painter , having previously attended the Liverpool College of Art . Sutcliffe and John Lennon are credited with inventing the name , `` Beetles '' , as they both liked Buddy Holly 's band , the Crickets . The band used this name for a while until Lennon decided to change the name to `` the Beatles '' , from the word beat . As a member of the group when it was a five-piece band , Sutcliffe is one of several people sometimes referred to as the `` Fifth Beatle '' . When he performed with the Beatles in Hamburg , he met photographer Astrid Kirchherr , to whom he was later engaged . After leaving the Beatles , he enrolled in the Hamburg College of Art , studying under future pop artist Eduardo Paolozzi , who later wrote a report stating that Sutcliffe was one of his best students . Sutcliffe earned other praise for his paintings , which mostly explored a style related to abstract expressionism . While studying in Germany , Sutcliffe began experiencing severe headaches and acute sensitivity to light . In April 1962 , he collapsed in the middle of an art class after complaining of head pains . German doctors performed various checks , but were unable to determine the exact cause of his headaches . On 10 April 1962 , he was taken to the hospital , but died in the ambulance on the way . The cause of death was later revealed to have been an aneurysm in his brain 's right hemisphere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f99d2dc50a819618a02d067fa34e7ee", "text": "Beware of Darkness (song) `` Beware of Darkness '' is a song written by English musician George Harrison and originally released on his 1970 solo album All Things Must Pass . It has also been covered by artists such as Leon Russell , Marianne Faithfull , Spock 's Beard , Concrete Blonde , Matthew Sweet and Susanna Hoffs . Harrison and Russell performed the song at the Concert for Bangladesh in 1971 , and Eric Clapton performed it at the Concert for George in 2002 . The song warns against permitting illusion from getting in the way of one 's true purpose , an admonition that , like the content of `` My Sweet Lord '' , reflects the influence of the Radha Krishna Temple .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "372cfb466466010a31e9c3fac97a585a", "text": "Due to Lack of Interest, Tomorrow Has Been Canceled Due to Lack of Interest , Tomorrow Has Been Canceled is a 1969 book by Irene Kampen , an account of her return to school at the University of Wisconsin -- Madison after 25 years , and how she learned to adapt to the student culture of the late 1960s . While it is listed as non-fiction , Kampen included fictionalized students and other characters in the book . The expression is also the title of the last track of the 1968 jazz record `` America the Beautiful '' by arranger Gary McFarland , and is a line in the Kaiser Chiefs song `` Ruby '' . It was also used as the title of a 1971 BBC Horizon documentary on predictions of ecological disaster , focusing on the work of Paul Ehrlich . The book is also referenced in the film The Last of England ( 1987 ) , directed and written by Derek Jarman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c3f5259488f04b1e3d8b1e950b28a88", "text": "Michael O'Mara Books Michael O'Mara Books is a small , family-run , privately owned publishing house in the United Kingdom . Established in London in 1985 , by an American expatriate , Michael O'Mara , a native of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and his British wife , Lesley , the company focuses on biographies and autobiographies . Its imprint , Buster Books , publishes children 's books . O'Mara Books ' first publication was Alastair Burnet 's biography of the Queen Mother , entitled The ITN Book of the Queen Mother , which topped the 1985 The Sunday Times bestseller list . One of the publishing house 's most influential publications was Diana : Her True Story by Andrew Morton , the second highest-selling authored work in the UK in the 1990s . The publishing house has established a reputation for high-profile autobiographies and biographies ( including such bestsellers as Anything Goes by John Barrowman , and My Word is My Bond by Roger Moore ) , innovative humour and non-fiction ( I Before E ( Except After C ) , The Timewaster Letters , and The Book of Senior Moments ) , as well as children 's books , published under the Buster Books imprint ( The Boys ' Book , The Girls ' Book and Children 's Miscellany , parts 1 , 2 and 3 ) . Successful humour titles include Where 's the Meerkat ? , the # 1 Sunday Times bestseller of Christmas 2011 . The Mums ' Book and The Dads ' Book were both number one bestsellers and spawned the successful ` Best at Everything ' series which includes books for sisters , aunts , grandparents , and others . Foreign editions of books in the series have been published in over 35 territories to date . I Before E was the sleeper hit of Christmas 2007 , and has sold more than 400,000 copies reaching number three on the Sunday Times '' ' hardback nonfiction chart . The followup , I Used To Know That : Stuff You Forgot From School , hit the bestseller lists upon publication in June 2008 . The series includes titles on History ( Remember , Remember ; Divorced , Beheaded Died ) , Classics ( A Classical Education ) , Poetry ( I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud ) , and Maths ( As Easy As Pi ) . Buster Books publishes commercial non-fiction for children . Its successes include The Boys ' Book : How To Be The Best At Everything , which has sold almost 400,000 copies to date . This book was followed by the # 1 children 's bestseller , The Girls ' Book , with 320,000 copies sold . The bestselling Girls ' Book of Glamour and Boys ' Book of Survival , published in January 2008 , both made the bestsellers chart , with Girls ' Book of Glamour remaining there for 16 weeks . O'Mara Books won the Independent Publishers ' Guild International Achievement Award in 2007 . The Boys ' and Girls ' Book range has been expanded to include annuals and doodle books , volumes 2 and 3 of each and a box set . Buster Books launched a children 's fiction list in 2011 , with the first titles being Hollow Earth by John and Carole E. Barrowman , and the Monstrous Maud '' series of books .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "584810038bd72c584527ae937ec9fb52", "text": "Rockschool Rockschool was a television series aired by the BBC and PBS on 1 November 1983 . The series explored the history of rock music and gave instruction in popular performance techniques . Aired in the United States by public television station WNET , Herbie Hancock was brought in to host the series for the American market . Hancock presented various topics in a studio classroom setting , interspersed with short lessons from the `` Rockschool Band '' and interview segments with well-known musicians . The series was produced by the Educational Broadcasting Corporation and distributed in the U.S. by Lorimar Productions in 1987 , as six volumes on VHS tape .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33dacfc1e536b51c4cca24199c2993e", "text": "A Hard Day's Night (film) A Hard Day 's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles -- John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr -- during the height of Beatlemania . It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists . The film portrays several days in the lives of the group . The film was a financial and critical success . Time magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films . British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a `` comic fantasia with music ; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book '' and awarded it a full four stars . The film is credited as being one of the most influential of all musical films , inspiring numerous spy films , the Monkees ' television show and pop music videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6d1dcb5d12edfc94c0381a80a3b5b37", "text": "Life Begins at 40 (song) `` Life Begins at 40 '' is a song by John Lennon . It was written in 1980 , the year that both Lennon and Ringo Starr turned 40 years of age . Lennon recorded a demo of the song at his home , but it was not recorded at any of the sessions for his comeback album , Double Fantasy . Instead , he intended to give the song to Starr to record on his own forthcoming album , Ca n't Fight Lightning . The song 's amiable country feel was well suited to Starr 's singing style . After Lennon 's murder in December 1980 , those plans were shelved . However , Lennon 's demo was eventually issued in 1998 on the John Lennon Anthology box set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a4a7b98ea4f9bb7ffb7089ead8c6c54", "text": "Double album A double album ( or double record ) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold , typically records and compact discs . A double album is usually though not always released as such , because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium . Recording artists often think of double albums as comprising a single piece artistically ; however , there are exceptions such as John Lennon 's Some Time in New York City and Pink Floyd 's Ummagumma ( both examples of one studio record and one live album packaged together ) and OutKast 's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below ( effectively two solo albums , one by each member of the duo ) . A classic example of this idea is Works ( Volume One ) by Emerson Lake and Palmer , where side one was Keith Emerson , two Greg Lake , three Carl Palmer while side four was by the entire group . Since the advent of the compact disc , albums are sometimes released with a bonus disc featuring additional material as a supplement to the main album , with live tracks , studio out-takes , cut songs , or older unreleased material . One innovation is the accompaniment of a CD with a DVD of related material , such as video related to the album or DVD-Audio versions of the same recordings . These could be regarded as a new form of double album ; some such discs were also released on a two-sided format called DualDisc . Due to the limitations of the gramophone record , many albums primarily released on the format were under 40 minutes long . This has led to record labels re-releasing two of these albums on one CD , thus making a double album . The same principles apply to the triple album , which comprises three units . Packages with more units than three are often packaged as a box set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "276eea2c69cc3119c7b5a0e2098d20fd", "text": "Chemical generation The Chemical Generation refers to a collection of writers in the 1990s who added a literary dimension to the hedonistic ecstasy culture of the era . In its most singular guise , it could be said to include Irvine Welsh , Roddy Doyle , Alan Warner , John King , Jeff Noon , Nicholas Blincoe , Gordon Legge and Laura Hird - all of whom participated in the survey of the scene carried by the Steve Redhead book for Canongate ( also publishers of Rebel Inc. ) , Repetitive Beat Generation . The book 's title was an attempt to draw a parallel between the ecstasy culture ( singled out by government as ` repetitive beats ' ) and the Beat generation before it . Key works include Irvine Welsh 's Ecstasy and Daren King 's Boxy an Star . The concept of a group of writers addressing drug culture was further developed in 1997 by Sarah Champion , whose Disco Biscuits became the UK 's bestselling fiction anthology of all time . In addition to the authors listed above the book was notable for the inclusion of writers such as Alex Garland , Bill Drummond , Will Self , Grant Morrison , Esther Freud , Douglas Coupland , Neal Stephenson , Poppy Z. Brite and Robert Anton Wilson . As the relevance of club culture faded with the onset of a return to guitar-based bands in the ascendancy , the writers progressed onto more staple projects , though there was an overlap with many of the writers present in 2000 's New Puritans anthology . Their style and approach has been mirrored among younger British writers however , such as Richard Milward and Michael Smith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf87128218657a40954fec1a65a45028", "text": "Let It Roll: Songs by George Harrison Let It Roll : Songs by George Harrison is the third compilation of George Harrison 's music , and the first to span his entire solo career after the Beatles era . The collection was announced on 14 April 2009 , the same day that Harrison received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and was released 16 June 2009 , on both CD and in digital format .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc537674f91ab1f4ccea2d59ac584b65", "text": "Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film . The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist . Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road . In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto . A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts . When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 . List of albums performed : The Beatles ' catalogue Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin IV Houses of the Holy Physical Graffiti In Through the Out Door Meddle The Dark Side of the Moon Animals Wish You Were Here The Wall A Night at the Opera Who 's Next Are You Experienced Boston Crime of the Century Breakfast in America The Last Waltz Rust Never Sleeps Harvest The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars OK Computer Ten Nevermind Regatta de Blanc Outlandos d'Amour The Joshua Tree London Calling Band on the Run Texas Flood Let It Bleed Sticky Fingers Some Girls Exile on Main St. Appetite for Destruction Highway to Hell Back in Black Born to Run Hotel California Rumours The Doors L.A. Woman Legend Pearl Paranoid Van Halen Thriller Purple Rain Nothing 's Shocking Woodstock 2112 Saturday Night Fever A Very Lennon Christmas Elton John Greatest Hits", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9300d753792a1c6e9b868adeb5393811", "text": "Stalky & Co. Stalky & Co. is a novel by Rudyard Kipling about adolescent boys at a British boarding school . It is a collection of school stories whose juvenile protagonists display a know-it-all , cynical outlook on patriotism and authority . According to his family , Kipling enjoyed reading aloud stories from Stalky & Co. to them and often went into spasms of laughter over his own jokes . It was first published in 1899 ( following serialisation in the Windsor Magazine ) . Reflecting its origins , the novel is episodic in nature , with self-contained chapters . It is set at an unnamed school referred to as the College or the Coll. , which is based on the United Services College in Devon , which Kipling attended . The character Beetle , one of the main trio , is partly based on Kipling himself , while the charismatic character Stalky is based on Lionel Dunsterville , M'Turk is based on George Charles Beresford , Mr King is based on William Carr Crofts. , and the school Head , Mr. Bates , is based on Cormell Price . The stories have elements of revenge , the macabre , bullying and violence , and hints about sex , making them far from childish or idealised . For example , Beetle pokes fun at an earlier , more earnest , boys ' book , Eric , or , Little by Little , thus flaunting his more worldly outlook . There is also some information about Stalky in later life . In his essay entitled `` What We Can Expect of the American Boy , '' Teddy Roosevelt disdained this novel , calling it `` a story which ought never to have been written , for there is hardly a single form of meanness which it does not seem to extol , or of school mismanagement which it does not seem to applaud . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d274ce0861ebf8bce32fcb86260e0d37", "text": "Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act . With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born . By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ff71769cee32a0d137a1b5138178a8b", "text": "So Good: 12\" Club Collection So Good : 12 '' Club Collection is the second official compilation of Starr 's material . This album focuses on her lesser known English language singles , with each song is written by Starr .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edec76870b999dbecd20d48f92e2af31", "text": "Legal issues surrounding music sampling Music sampling is the subject of many legal disputes , chiefly in the realm of copyright law as it applies to musical compositions and sound recordings . Early sampling artists simply used portions of other artists ' recordings without permission , but once music incorporating samples began to make significant money , some sampled artists , publishers , and record companies began to take legal action , claiming copyright infringement . Sometimes , after the threat or initiation of a lawsuit , such disputes are settled out of court , often with the sampling artist obtaining a license at considerable cost and making other concessions to appease the aggrieved party ; other times , the sampling artist contests the infringement claims , such as by arguing in court that the copyright law does not cover their particular use of the work . The outcome of these court cases , primarily in the United States and the United Kingdom , have shaped common law , defining ways statutory law -- which does not directly cover sampling -- can be applied to sampling disputes . In accordance to the United States constitution , the laws of copyright permit a number of rights to authors so that they may `` Promote the Progress of Science and Useful Arts . '' This principle brings to light the true reason for copyright law - to develop boundaries economically and legally where learning , science , and culture can progress .", "title": "" } ]	fever
62668ce9f34a475563a551fd54b001c4	Ivan Lendl has finished four years ranked as the world's top tennis player.	[ { "docid": "1d7811ddc7fe78f45c31fe9ea778dc1f", "text": "Ivan Lendl Ivan Lendl ( -LSB- ˈɪvan ˈlɛndl̩ -RSB- ; born March 7 , 1960 ) is a former world No. 1 professional tennis player and is currently coaching current world No. 1 Andy Murray , alongside Jamie Delgado . Originally from Czechoslovakia , he became a United States citizen in 1992 . He was one of the game 's most dominant players in the 1980s and remained a top competitor into the early 1990s . He has been described as one of the greatest tennis players of all time . Lendl 's game relied particularly on strength and heavy topspin from the baseline and helped usher in the modern era of `` power tennis '' . Lendl captured eight Grand Slam singles titles . He competed in 19 Grand Slam singles finals , a record surpassed by Roger Federer in 2009 , Rafael Nadal in 2014 and Novak Djokovic in 2016 . He reached at least one Grand Slam final for 11 consecutive years , a record shared with Pete Sampras , with the male primacy of eight consecutive finals in a Grand Slam tournament ( a record shared with Bill Tilden at the US Open ) . Before the formation of the ATP , Lendl reached a record 12 year-end championships ( equalled by John McEnroe ) . He won two WCT Finals titles and five Masters Grand Prix titles , with the record of nine consecutive finals . He also won a record 22 Grand Prix Super Series titles ( 1980 -- 89 ) , the precursors to the current ATP Masters 1000 . Lendl first attained the world No. 1 ranking on February 28 , 1983 and bolstered his claim to the top spot when he defeated John McEnroe in the 1984 French Open final . For much of the next five years , until August 1990 , Lendl was the top-ranked player ( with a break from September 1988 to January 1989 when Mats Wilander was at the top ) . He finished four years ranked as the world 's top player ( 1985 -- 1987 and 1989 ) and was ranked No. 1 for a total of 270 weeks and set a new record previously held by Jimmy Connors , since broken by Pete Sampras and Roger Federer . He is one of three male players in the Open Era ( with Connors and Federer ) to win more than 1,000 tennis singles matches ( 1,071 ) . Lendl has won 94 singles titles , second only in the Open Era to Connors ' 109 titles . Lendl has been runner-up in a record 11 Grand Slam finals .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ad258469a1123cae8bfdcfd37d299e1c", "text": "Top Spin 4 Top Spin 4 is a tennis video game developed by 2K Czech and published by 2K Sports released on the PlayStation 3 , Wii , and Xbox 360 consoles . The game features licensed professional players , venues and equipment with professional players like Roger Federer , Rafael Nadal , Novak Djokovic , Andy Murray , Pete Sampras and Andre Agassi . The game was released on March 15 , 2011 in America , and was released on March 18 in UK/Europe . A downloadable demo was released on March 1 for the PS3 and Xbox 360 . The PS3 version supports the PlayStation Move and is also compatible in 3D . The Xbox 360 version does not support the Kinect but is 3D compatible .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "080bb194691d76dac79b2e79480716cc", "text": "Djokovic–Wawrinka rivalry The Djokovic -- Wawrinka rivalry is between tennis players Novak Djokovic and Stan Wawrinka . In this matchup Djokovic leads 19 -- 5 , however the two have contested many close matches , including four five-setters at Grand Slam level . Wawrinka and Djokovic have played three consecutive Australian Open years , each match going to five sets , and a five-setter in the US Open : in the 2013 Australian Open fourth round , which Djokovic won 12 -- 10 in a fifth set ; at the 2013 US Open semifinals , which Djokovic won 6 -- 4 in a fifth set ; and at the 2014 Australian Open quarterfinals , which Wawrinka won 9 -- 7 in a close fifth set . Wawrinka 's win broke Djokovic 's impressive run of 14 straight semifinals in Grand Slam play , ended a 28-match winning streak , and prevented Djokovic from capturing a record fifth Australian Open crown . Djokovic got revenge in the 2015 Australian Open , winning 6 -- 0 in the fifth set , but again it went the distance . At the 2015 French Open final , Wawrinka defeated Djokovic in four sets to claim his second Grand Slam title . At the 2016 US Open , Wawrinka beat Djokovic in a Grand Slam final for the second time to collect his third Grand Slam title . Djokovic lost 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 1 ) , 4 -- 6 , 5 -- 7 , 3 -- 6 . Despite Djokovic 's 19 -- 5 overall record against Wawrinka , Wawrinka leads Djokovic 2 -- 0 in Grand Slam finals and 3 -- 2 in all ATP finals . Moreover , in Djokovic 's 21 Grand Slam championship matches , Wawrinka is the only opponent he has not defeated at least once , and the only opponent outside the Big Four who has defeated him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0318f69c1864dff08a908c9737ff3807", "text": "US Open Series The US Open Series is the seven-week summer tennis season linking twelve ATP World Tour and WTA Tour tournaments together . The Series leads to the US Open . It is often referred to as the U.S. or North American hard court season . From 2012 until 2018 , the series will be sponsored by Emirates . It was organized in 2004 as a way to focus more attention on American tennis tournaments by getting more of them on domestic television . Until 2004 , most summer North American tournaments were not on television , the exceptions being the highly televised ATP World Tour Masters 1000 events in Canada and Cincinnati . The eight non-Masters tournaments now enjoy about 50 hours of television combined -- about two hours on each day of their final weekends , chiefly on ESPN2 , which is where ESPN shows its tennis programming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "933058697b5999db9f4c3fea7834a2ab", "text": "Association of Tennis Professionals The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) was formed in September 1972 by Donald Dell , Bob Briner , Jack Kramer , and Cliff Drysdale to protect the interests of male professional tennis players . Drysdale became the first President . Since 1990 , the association has organized the worldwide tennis tour for men and linked the title of the tour with the organization 's name . In 1990 the organization was called the ATP Tour , which was renamed in 2001 as just ATP and the tour being called ATP Tour . In 2009 the name was changed again and is now known as the ATP World Tour . It is an evolution of the tour competitions previously known as Grand Prix tennis tournaments and World Championship Tennis ( WCT ) . The ATP 's global headquarters are in London , United Kingdom . ATP Americas is based in Ponte Vedra Beach , United States ; ATP Europe is headquartered in Monaco ; and ATP International , which covers Africa , Asia and Australasia , is based in Sydney , Australia . The counterpart organization in the women 's professional game is the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f854f2440e476e2928d32c97a99bed73", "text": "1985 U.S. Clay Court Championships – Men's Singles Top-seeded Ivan Lendl overcame the defending champion , Andrés Gómez , in the final to claim his fifth title of the year and $ 51,000 prize money .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffd50148e86fc93ae0ca100478759bd6", "text": "Anastasia Myskina Anastasiya Andreyevna Myskina ( -LSB- Анастасия Мыскина , p = ɐnəstɐˈsʲijə ˈmɨskʲɪnə -RSB- born 8 July 1981 ) is a Russian former professional tennis player . She won the 2004 French Open singles title , becoming the first Russian female tennis player to win a Grand Slam singles title . Subsequent to this victory , she rose to no. 3 in the WTA rankings , becoming the first Russian female tennis player to reach the top 3 in the history of the rankings . In September 2004 , she reached a career-high ranking of world No. 2 . Although she has not officially retired , Myskina has been inactive on the WTA Tour since May 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07395d5c750a558d458d5dff6be0621b", "text": "Novak Djokovic Novak Djokovic ( Новак Ђоковић , Novak Đoković , -LSB- nôʋaːk d͡ʑôːkoʋit͡ɕ -RSB- ; born 22 May 1987 ) , often referred to by the hypocorism Nole , is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No. 2 in men 's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) . He is considered one of the greatest tennis players of all time . Djokovic holds the highest match winning rate ( 82.8 % ) in the Open Era , as of May 2017 . Djokovic has won 12 Grand Slam singles titles , the fourth most in history , and held the No. 1 spot in the ATP rankings for a total of 223 weeks . In majors , Djokovic has won six Australian Open titles , three Wimbledon titles , two US Open titles and one French Open title . In 2016 , he became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam ; by winning the 2016 French Open , Djokovic became the third man to hold all four major titles at once , the first since Rod Laver in 1969 , and the first ever to do so on three different surfaces . Djokovic has won an all-time record of 30 Masters 1000 series titles , tied with Rafael Nadal . Djokovic 's records include breaking the single-season record with six masters titles in 2015 , winning 31 consecutive ATP World Tour Masters 1000 series matches , playing in the finals at all nine ATP Masters 1000 tournaments ( shared with Roger Federer and Nadal , and being the only player to win eight of the nine events ( and at least twice ) . Among other titles , he has won the ATP World Tour Finals five times and was on the Serbian team which won the 2010 Davis Cup . He also won the Bronze medal in men 's singles at the 2008 Summer Olympics . Djokovic is the first Serbian player to be ranked No. 1 by the ATP and the first male player representing Serbia to win a Grand Slam singles title . Djokovic has won numerous awards , including the 2012 , 2015 , and 2016 Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year , 2011 BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year , five-time ITF World Champion , and four-time ATP year-end number 1 . He is a recipient of the Order of St. Sava , the Order of Karađorđe 's Star and the Order of the Republika Srpska .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd6f282ca4e134bf2b357d5cd66c23e6", "text": "2004 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament The 2004 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament was a men 's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at Ahoy Rotterdam in the Netherlands . It was part of the International Series Gold of the 2004 ATP Tour . The tournament ran from 16 February through 22 February 2004 . The singles line up was led by new World No. 1 , Tennis Masters Cup , Wimbledon and Australian Open winner Roger Federer , reigning French Open champion , US Open runner-up and Australian Open semifinalist Juan Carlos Ferrero and Tokyo and Lyon champion Rainer Schüttler . Other contenders were Chennai runner-up Paradorn Srichaphan , Paris Masters winner Tim Henman , Lleyton Hewitt , Sjeng Schalken and Martin Verkerk . Sixth-seeded Lleyton Hewitt won the singles title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "856de069379307a7b63c2f624fd3c497", "text": "2003 Monte Carlo Masters The 2003 Monte Carlo Masters was a men 's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts . It was the 97th edition of the Monte Carlo Masters and was part of the Tennis Masters Series of the 2003 ATP Tour . It took place at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin in France from 14 April through 20 April 2003 . The men 's field was headlined by Juan Carlos Ferrero , Carlos Moyá and Andy Roddick . Other top seeds in the field were Albert Costa , Jiří Novák , David Nalbandian , Paradorn Srichaphan and Rainer Schüttler . Rafael Nadal , then aged 16 , made his tournament debut in this year , losing to Guillermo Coria in the Round of 16 . This would be the last time in which he would be defeated at the event until 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf088ab255d1b595c3f65a840c9f6498", "text": "2014 Stan Wawrinka tennis season The 2014 Stan Wawrinka tennis season began at the Chennai Open , where he won the title for the second time in his career . This was followed by victory at the Australian Open , where he defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the quarterfinals , followed by victory over world no. 1 Rafael Nadal in the final , to win his first ever Grand Slam title , launching him to a career-high no. 3 in the world , and the Swiss no. 1 ( ahead of Roger Federer ) for the first time in his career . Additionally , he won his first Masters 1000 title , defeating compatriot Federer in the final after coming back from a set down . During the first half of the season , Wawrinka went a perfect 6 -- 0 against top-10 opponents , including wins against three of the `` Big Four '' ( Djokovic , Nadal , and Federer ) . He also reached the semifinals of the ATP World Tour Finals for the second time in a row and finished the year helping Switzerland win their first Davis Cup . He was defending champion in Oeiras , but withdrew before the tournament began .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f070d9076b81460acb19a9aa4614b1e", "text": "Tsvetana Pironkova Tsvetana Pironkova ( Цветана Кирилова Пиронкова -LSB- tsvɛˈtana pirɔnˈkɔva -RSB- ) ( born 13 September 1987 ) is a Bulgarian tennis player and the current no. 1 Bulgarian in the WTA rankings . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Plovdiv , Pironkova started playing tennis at the age of four on being introduced to the sport by her father , who later coached her . After playing at a junior level and winning Atlantic Cup , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2002 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . Early in her career , Pironkova won six international singles titles at the ITF circuit . Pironkova made her WTA tour debut at the İstanbul Cup in 2005 , and achieved moderate success earlier in her career . That changed in 2010 , when she entered Wimbledon with a 1 -- 4 career record at the event , and went on reach the semifinals of the tournament , becoming the second Bulgarian tennis player in history to reach the semifinal stage of a Grand Slam in singles . She garnered wide recognition for her performance , and after her semifinal finish reached her highest WTA Singles ranking at no. 31 in September 2010 . Pironkova followed it up with a quarterfinal run at the event the following year , earning her the nickname `` The Wimbledon Darkhorse '' . She is also known defeating Venus Williams three times at Grand Slam tournaments , twice at Wimbledon . Pironkova won her first WTA title at the 2014 Apia International , defeating three top-10 ranked players in a row . She defeated the world no. 2 Agnieszka Radwańska in the fourth round of the 2016 French Open , reaching her quarterfinal at a Grand Slam other than Wimbledon . In addition to this , Pironkova has a total of twelve wins over other top-10 ranked players to her name . She also holds the second longest active streak of the most consecutive Grand Slam appearances at 45 , only behind Jelena Jankovic . Pironkova has been recognized by The New York Times for her `` cerebral '' grass-court abilities and named one of the most beautiful women in sports by MSN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e4f164cfeb7ce1660a8b38dcd95b4f4", "text": "Brian Gottfried Brian Edward Gottfried ( born January 27 , 1952 ) is a retired tennis player from the United States who won 25 singles titles and 54 doubles titles during his professional career . The right-hander was the runner-up at the 1977 French Open and achieved a career-high singles ranking on the ATP tour on June 19 , 1977 , when he became World No. 3 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab175cf0c1bc6e366a5f2b2484c6482c", "text": "1980 Grand Prix (tennis) The 1980 Volvo Grand Prix was a men 's professional tennis circuit held that year . It incorporated the four grand slam tournaments , the Grand Prix tournaments . The Grand Prix circuit is a precursor to the ATP Tour . Volvo became the new tour sponsor of the Grand Prix circuit after Colgate-Palmolive decided to end its sponsorship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80320f30067921aa235bab1985721340", "text": "List of Davis Cup champions The Davis Cup is an annual international team event in men 's tennis . Established in 1900 as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge , it is run by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , who describe it as the `` World Cup of tennis . '' The first event in 1900 was a match between Great Britain and the United States , while 135 nations have entered the 2016 Davis Cup . The tournament sees players competing for their country in four singles and one doubles matches , known as rubbers , over the course of three days , with the team that wins three rubbers progressing . The countries are divided into groups based upon their location or performance in previous years . The Davis Cup World Group is the top level of the competition and features matches between players from the top 16 countries at the start of the year . Countries that lose their first round match face a relegation play-off against winning countries from the continental zones . World Group winning countries progress to the quarter-finals . Nations have to win a further three ties in order to claim the position of Davis Cup Champions . The United States are the most successful nation in the history of the competition , with 32 victories . Australia are second with 28 and Great Britain are third with 10 . Teams from Europe have won the competition the most with 42 victories , followed by North America with 32 and Oceania with 28 . Argentina are the current champions , they beat Croatia 3 -- 2 in the final in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab553fd915f80dd9eda0cbd9f6e355ea", "text": "1999 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament The 1999 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament was a men 's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts . It was the 27th edition of the event known that year as the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament , and was part of the ATP International Series Gold of the 1999 ATP Tour . It took place at the Ahoy Rotterdam indoor sporting arena in Rotterdam , Netherlands , from 15 February through 21 February 1999 . Second-seeded Yevgeny Kafelnikov won the singles title . The singles field featured ATP No. 4 , ATP Tour World Championships winner , and recent Sydney finalist Àlex Corretja , Australian Open champion , Halle and Moscow titlist Yevgeny Kafelnikov , and Tashkent and Basel winner , Doha runner-up Tim Henman . Also lined up were Stuttgart Super 9 titlist Richard Krajicek , Paris Super 9 champion Greg Rusedski , Karol Kučera , Thomas Enqvist and Goran Ivanišević .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "798b19687456d6e48fb7eea51396140c", "text": "Rafael Nadal Rafael `` Rafa '' Nadal Parera ( -LSB- rəfəˈɛɫ nəˈðaɫ pəˈɾeɾə -RSB- , -LSB- rafaˈel naˈðal paˈɾeɾa -RSB- ; born 3 June 1986 ) is a Spanish professional tennis player . He is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history , and owing to his dominance and success on the surface , he has been called `` The King of Clay '' . His evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest players in tennis history , with some considering Nadal to be the greatest male player of all time . Nadal has won 14 Grand Slam singles titles , the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles , an all-time record of 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles , tied with Novak Djokovic , and a record 18 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments . He was also a member of the winning Spain Davis Cup team in 2004 , 2008 , 2009 , and 2011 . In 2010 , he became the seventh male player in history and youngest of four in the Open Era to achieve the Career Grand Slam at age 24 . He is the second male player , after Andre Agassi , to complete the singles Career Golden Slam . In 2011 , Nadal was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year . The left-hander is the sixth player in the Open Era to reach more than 100 finals on the ATP World Tour . Nadal and Mats Wilander are the only two male players who have won at least two Grand Slam titles on three different surfaces -- hard court , grass , and clay . By winning the 2014 French Open , Nadal became the third player to win a single Grand Slam tournament nine times ( Martina Navratilova 9 , Margaret Court 11 ) and the first male to win at least one Grand Slam tournament for ten consecutive years , breaking the record of eight consecutive years previously shared by Björn Borg , Pete Sampras , and Roger Federer . By winning the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2012 , Nadal became the only male player in the open era to win a tournament eight consecutive times . Nadal is the only male player in tennis history to win one Grand Slam and at least one Masters 1000 title for ten consecutive years from 2005 -- 2014 . He beat Guillermo Vilas 's Open Era record of 49 clay-court titles by winning the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2017 . Nadal became the first man to win the same tournament 10 times by wining the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2017 . He repeated this historic achievement by winning the Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell for a 10th time just a few weeks later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea6bb28609f1e385e7a978cd4b99fb25", "text": "1985 Atlanta AT&T Challenge of Champions The 1985 Atlanta AT&T Challenge of Champions was a tennis tournament in 1985 . It was won by Ivan Lendl , 6 -- 2 , 6 -- 3 against Jimmy Connors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89d0d4e59df953477f95d5acec615bab", "text": "Kerry Melville Kerry Melville Reid , , ( née Melville ; born 7 August 1947 ) is a former professional tennis player from Australia . During her 17-year career , Reid won one Grand Slam singles title and 26 other singles titles and was the runner-up in 40 singles tournaments . Reid was included in the year-end world top ten rankings for 12 consecutive years ( 1968 -- 1979 ) . She won at least one tournament annually from 1966 through 1979 , except for 1975 . Her career-high ranking was World No. 5 in 1971 , behind Margaret Court , Billie Jean King , Evonne Goolagong , and Rosie Casals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7da6100a1224ba809de35e42970fc118", "text": "2005 Monte Carlo Masters The 2005 Monte Carlo Masters was a men 's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts . It was the 99th edition of the event and was part of the ATP Masters Series of the 2005 ATP Tour . It took place from 11 April through 17 April 2005 . The men 's singles was headlined by World No. 1 Roger Federer , Marat Safin and Tim Henman . Other top seeds were Gastón Gaudio , Carlos Moyà , Guillermo Coria , Joachim Johansson and Ivan Ljubičić .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a49022d13e2f06169b88d84bdac9135", "text": "Unmatched Unmatched is a documentary about tennis players Martina Navratilova and Chris Evert , their decades-long on-court rivalry and lifelong friendship , created for ESPN 's 30 for 30 documentary series . Evert and Navratilova met in 80 matches , 60 finals and 14 grand slam finals with Navratilova sporting a 43-37 advantage . The film was shot over three days in Amagansett , New York in October 2009 . Unmatched was awarded the 2011 Gracie Award for `` Outstanding Producer - News/Non-fiction '' . Navratilova was sometimes described as the lesbian tennis player from a communist country : `` As one of the first openly gay sports figures , she has spent much of her career overcoming prejudices and stereotypes , giving up millions of dollars in endorsements and sponsorships as a result of her insistence on living a life of integrity and honesty . '' Evert was described as the all-American girl next door . Today Navratilova is often cited as the greatest tennis player of all-time ; she has won 167 singles titles , 177 doubles championships titles and 59 Grand Slam titles , she has been inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame , was the WTA 's `` Tour Player of the Year '' seven times , was declared one of the `` Top Forty Athletes of All-time '' by Sports Illustrated and was named `` Female Athlete of the Year '' by the Associated Press . Navratilova has served as AARP 's Health and Fitness Ambassador and is also involved with the LGBT movement , The Rainbow Card ® and Rainbow Endowment . Evert on the other hand reached more Grand Slam singles finals than any player , she has been president of the Women 's Tennis Association and in 2005 she was named fourth on the list of the 40 Greatest Players of the Tennis Era by TENNIS Magazine . Evert won 157 singles championships , 29 doubles titles and she won 18 Grand Slam singles championships and three doubles titles . Hannah Storm said of the rivalry : `` Just think about the dynamic of competing against your best friend . They would practice together , eat lunch together , then go out and play in the final and then make travel plans to go to the next tournament . '' In describing their rivalry and its effect on their tennis careers , Navratilova said : `` I do n't think either of us would have lasted as long without the other . '' Evert said : `` It gave us inspiration and a lot of incentive to work harder and try to continue to improve . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
755f3917962b7f69d6605f87ed6f98b4	Indonesia's wilderness supports a variety of life.	[ { "docid": "528143dd752f35debefc8c8c747a0387", "text": "Indonesia Indonesia ( -LSB- ɪndəˈniːʒə -RSB- or -LSB- ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə -RSB- ; Indonesian : -LSB- ɪndonesia -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Indonesia ( -LSB- rɛpublik ɪndonesia -RSB- ) , is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania . Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans , it is the world 's largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands . At 1,904,569 km2 , Indonesia is the world 's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world 's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area . It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world 's fourth most populous country , the most populous Austronesian nation , as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country . The world 's most populous island , Java , contains more than half of the country 's population . Indonesia 's republican form of government includes an elected legislature and president . Indonesia has 34 provinces , of which five have Special Administrative status . Its capital and country 's most populous city is Jakarta , which is also the most populous city in Southeast Asia and the second in Asia . The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea , East Timor , and the eastern part of Malaysia . Other neighbouring countries include Singapore , Vietnam , the Philippines , Australia , Palau , and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Despite its large population and densely populated regions , Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world 's second highest level of biodiversity . The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas , tin , copper and gold . Agriculture mainly produces rice , palm oil , tea , coffee , cacao , medicinal plants , spices and rubber . Indonesia 's major trading partners are Japan , United States , China and the surrounding countries of Singapore , Malaysia and Australia . The Indonesian archipelago has been an important region for trade since at least the 7th century , when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India . Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural , religious and political models from the early centuries CE , and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished . Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources . Muslim traders and Sufi scholars brought the now-dominant Islam , while European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery . Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism starting from Amboina and Batavia , and eventually all of the archipelago including Timor and Western New Guinea , at times interrupted by Portuguese , French and British rule , Indonesia secured its independence after World War II . Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups , with the largest -- and politically dominant -- ethnic group being the Javanese . The population is unevenly spread throughout the islands within a variety of habitats and levels of development , ranging from the megalopolis of Jakarta to uncontacted tribes in the east . A shared identity has developed , defined by a national language , ethnic diversity , religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population , and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it . Indonesia 's national motto , `` Bhinneka Tunggal Ika '' ( `` Unity in Diversity '' literally , `` many , yet one '' ) , articulates the diversity that shapes the country . Indonesia 's economy is the world 's 16th largest by nominal GDP and the 8th largest by GDP at PPP , the largest in Southeast Asia , and is considered an emerging market and newly industrialised country . Indonesia has been a member of the United Nations since 1950 . Indonesia was an organizer of the Bandung Conference and was the founder of Non-Aligned Movement ; and also the founding member of Association of Southeast Asian Nations , Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation , East Asia Summit , and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation . Indonesia is a member of the G20 major economies and World Trade Organization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72c4389f208b73ebc6f315ac8fdffa17", "text": "Biodiversity Biodiversity a portmanteau of `` biological diversity , '' generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth . According to the United Nations Environment Programme , biodiversity typically measures variation at the genetic , the species , and the ecosystem level . Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be greater near the equator , which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity . Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth , and is richest in the tropics . These tropical forest ecosystems cover less than 10 per cent of earth 's surface , and contain about 90 percent of the world 's species . Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific , where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans . There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity . Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots , and has been increasing through time , but will be likely to slow in the future . Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions . More than 99.9 percent of all species , amounting to over five billion species , that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct . Estimates on the number of Earth 's current species range from 10 million to 14 million , of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described . More recently , in May 2016 , scientists reported that 1 trillion species are estimated to be on Earth currently with only one-thousandth of one percent described . The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037 and weighs 50 billion tonnes . In comparison , the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC ( trillion tons of carbon ) . In July 2016 , scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes from the Last Universal Common Ancestor ( LUCA ) of all organisms living on Earth . The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old . The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago , during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon . There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia . Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old meta-sedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland . More recently , in 2015 , `` remains of biotic life '' were found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia . According to one of the researchers , `` If life arose relatively quickly on Earth . . then it could be common in the universe . '' Since life began on Earth , five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity . The Phanerozoic eon ( the last 540 million years ) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion -- a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared . The next 400 million years included repeated , massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events . In the Carboniferous , rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life . The Permian -- Triassic extinction event , 251 million years ago , was the worst ; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years . The most recent , the Cretaceous -- Paleogene extinction event , occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs . The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity . Named the Holocene extinction , the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts , particularly habitat destruction . Conversely , biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways , both positively and negatively . The United Nations designated 2011 -- 2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6e3d847285a40f9a4574c915eb51a655", "text": "Malay Peninsula The Malay Peninsula ( Semenanjung Tanah Melayu , سمننجوڠ تانه ملايو คาบสมุทรมลายู , , -LSB- kʰâːp.sā.mùt mā.lāː.jūː -RSB- ) is a peninsula in Southeast Asia . The land mass runs approximately north-south and , at its terminus , is the southernmost point of the Asian mainland . The area contains the southernmost tip of Myanmar , Peninsular Malaysia , and Southern Thailand . The Titiwangsa Mountains are part of the Tenasserim Hills system , and form the backbone of the Peninsula . They form the southernmost section of the central cordillera which runs from Tibet through the Kra Isthmus ( the Peninsula 's narrowest point ) into the Malay Peninsula . The Strait of Malacca separates the Malay Peninsula from the Indonesian island of Sumatra while the south coast is separated from the island of Singapore by the Straits of Johor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4754c67e8e312548d5124648f47639a6", "text": "Traditions of Indonesia Traditions of Indonesia are traditions , beliefs , values , and customs that belong within the culture of Indonesian people . Indonesia is a vast country of sprawling archipelago with a diverse demographic range of over 300 ethnic groups , and speaking more than 700 living languages . With 202.9 million Muslim s ( 88.2 % of the total population as of 2009 ) , Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world . Indonesia also has significant numbers of Christians . Protestant and Catholics population are the majority , with other Christian groups existing as well . The majority of Hindu demographics in Indonesia living in the island of Bali . Buddhist Indonesian are located throughout the country , and are ethnically identified as Chinese Indonesians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "162d3ac2e9ecfa156a2340af2322692b", "text": "Banni Grasslands Reserve Banni Grasslands Reserve or Banni grasslands form a belt of arid grassland ecosystem on the outer southern edge of the desert of the marshy salt flats of Rann of Kutch in Kutch District , Gujarat State , India . They are known for rich wildlife and biodiversity and are spread across an area of 3,847 square kilometres . They are currently legally protected under the status as a protected or reserve forest in India . Though declared a protected forest more than half a century ago Gujarat state 's forest department has recently proposed a special plan to restore and manage this ecosystem in the most efficient way . Wildlife Institute of India ( WII ) has identified this grassland reserve as one of the last remaining habitats of the cheetah in India and a possible reintroduction site for the species . The word ` Banni ' comes from Hindi and Sanskrit word ` banai ' , meaning made . The land here was formed from the sediments that were deposited by the Indus and other rivers over thousands of years . Old villagers from this region say that before the 1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake , the river Indus flowed right through banni and the local farmers reaped a rich harvest of crops like red rice and sindhi chookha etc. , red rice was the staple diet of the people of the region and it was even recommended by medical practitioners as a ` light diet ' for ailing people . However , since the earthquake of 1819 the river Indus changed its course and now flows through Sindh in neighbouring country of Pakistan effectively turning this entire region arid . Banni grassland is peculiar to the Rann of Kutch , it has some forty Sindhi speaking Maldhari ( cattle breeders ) hamlets , home to the Halaypotra , Hingora , Hingorja , Jat and Mutwa tribes . It was first declared a `` protected forest '' in May 1955 , using the nomenclature of the Indian Forest Act , 1927 . Since then , the actual transfer of the land from the Revenue department to the Forest department has not been completed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c229966325fcec84af042e15a3197dbb", "text": "Desert A desert is a barren area of land where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life . The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to the processes of denudation . About one third of the land surface of the world is arid or semi-arid . This includes much of the polar regions where little precipitation occurs and which are sometimes called polar deserts or `` cold deserts '' . Deserts can be classified by the amount of precipitation that falls , by the temperature that prevails , by the causes of desertification or by their geographical location . Deserts are formed by weathering processes as large variations in temperature between day and night put strains on the rocks which consequently break in pieces . Although rain seldom occurs in deserts , there are occasional downpours that can result in flash floods . Rain falling on hot rocks can cause them to shatter and the resulting fragments and rubble strewn over the desert floor is further eroded by the wind . This picks up particles of sand and dust and wafts them aloft in sand or dust storms . Wind-blown sand grains striking any solid object in their path can abrade the surface . Rocks are smoothed down , and the wind sorts sand into uniform deposits . The grains end up as level sheets of sand or are piled high in billowing sand dunes . Other deserts are flat , stony plains where all the fine material has been blown away and the surface consists of a mosaic of smooth stones . These areas are known as desert pavements and little further erosion takes place . Other desert features include rock outcrops , exposed bedrock and clays once deposited by flowing water . Temporary lakes may form and salt pans may be left when waters evaporate . There may be underground sources of water in the form of springs and seepages from aquifers . Where these are found , oases can occur . Plants and animals living in the desert need special adaptations to survive in the harsh environment . Plants tend to be tough and wiry with small or no leaves , water-resistant cuticles and often spines to deter herbivory . Some annual plants germinate , bloom and die in the course of a few weeks after rainfall while other long-lived plants survive for years and have deep root systems able to tap underground moisture . Animals need to keep cool and find enough food and water to survive . Many are nocturnal and stay in the shade or underground during the heat of the day . They tend to be efficient at conserving water , extracting most of their needs from their food and concentrating their urine . Some animals remain in a state of dormancy for long periods , ready to become active again when the rare rains fall . They then reproduce rapidly while conditions are favorable before returning to dormancy . People have struggled to live in deserts and the surrounding semi-arid lands for millennia . Nomads have moved their flocks and herds to wherever grazing is available and oases have provided opportunities for a more settled way of life . The cultivation of semi-arid regions encourages erosion of soil and is one of the causes of increased desertification . Desert farming is possible with the aid of irrigation and the Imperial Valley in California provides an example of how previously barren land can be made productive by the import of water from an outside source . Many trade routes have been forged across deserts , especially across the Sahara Desert , and traditionally were used by caravans of camels carrying salt , gold , ivory and other goods . Large numbers of slaves were also taken northwards across the Sahara . Some mineral extraction also takes place in deserts and the uninterrupted sunlight gives potential for the capture of large quantities of solar energy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246fc3cc221a4c4179d48ec10a9b89f9", "text": "Conservation in Australia Conservation in Australia is an issue of state and federal policy . Australia is one of the most biologically diverse countries in the world , with a large portion of species endemic to Australia . Preserving this wealth of biodiversity is important for future generations . Animal habitats like reefs and forests must be preserved in order to preserve population and diversity of animal species . Conservation is vital for future study and for field research to be taken , and because biological richness is an unmeasurable aesthetic that may be developed into commercial recreational attractions . According to Janine Benyus , the potential for advances in biomimicry in Australia are great because the extreme weather and conditions found here provide an excellent evolutionary incubator . Research on natural processes can only occur if habitat is preserved and organisms continue to thrive . Federal and State governments manage protected areas and national parks ; a number of non-governmental organizations are also involved in conservation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4600a1a9fdcfdbc91baf82502092f15", "text": "Natural landscape A natural landscape is the original landscape that exists before it is acted upon by human culture . `` The area prior to the introduction of man 's activity is represented by one body of morphologic facts . The forms that man has introduced are another set . We may call the former , with reference to man , the original , natural landscape . In its entirety it no longer exists in many parts of the world , but its reconstruction and understanding are the first part of formal morphonology . '' Carl O. Sauer , `` The Morphology of Landscape '' . University of California Publications in Geography , vol . 2 , No. 2 , 12 October 1925 , p. 37 . The natural landscape and the cultural landscape are separate parts of the landscape . `` The cultural landscape is fashioned from a natural landscape by a culture group . Culture is the agent , the natural area is the medium , the cultural landscape the result . '' Carl O. Sauer , `` The Morphology of Landscape '' , p. 46 . However , in the twenty-first century landscapes that are totally untouched by human activity no longer exist , so that reference is sometimes now made to degrees of naturalness within a landscape.The European Environment Agency 's planned forest naturalness index is an example of an attempt to define one type of natural landscape in Europe . The Agency lists forests in three categories : ( 1 ) Plantations ; ( 2 ) Semi-natural ; and ( 3 ) Naturally dynamic . The latter are `` forests whose structure , composition and function have been shaped by natural dynamics without substantial anthropogenic influence over a long period of time '' . In Silent Spring ( 1962 ) Rachel Carson describes a roadside verge as it used to look : `` Along the roads , laurel , viburnum and alder , great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler 's eye through much of the year '' and then how it looks now following the use of herbicides : `` The roadsides , once so attractive , were now lined with browned and withered vegetation as though swept by fire '' . Even though the landscape before it is sprayed is biologically degraded , and may well contains alien species , the concept of what might constitute a natural landscape can still be deduced from the context . The phrase `` natural landscape '' was first used in connection with landscape painting , and landscape gardening , to contrast a formal style with a more natural one , closer to nature . Alexander von Humboldt ( 1769 -- 1859 ) was to further conceptualize this into the idea of a natural landscape separate from the cultural landscape . Then in 1908 geographer Otto Schlüter developed the terms original landscape ( Urlandschaft ) and its opposite cultural landscape ( Kulturlandschaft ) in an attempt to give the science of geography a subject matter that was different from the other sciences . An early use of the actual phrase `` natural landscape '' by a geographer can be found in Carl O. Sauer 's paper `` The Morphology of Landscape '' ( 1925 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97045eb3661b4583dd4d3fbe348aa38b", "text": "Ternate Ternate is an island in the Maluku Islands ( Moluccas ) of eastern Indonesia . It was the center of the former Sultanate of Ternate . It is off the west coast of the larger island of Halmahera . The city has a population of just under 200,000 on some 111.39 km2 . Like its neighbouring island , Tidore , Ternate is a visually dramatic cone-shape . The two are ancient Islamic sultanates ( Ternate 's Sultanate and Tidore 's ) with a long history of bitter rivalry . The islands were once the world 's single major producer of cloves , a commodity that allowed their sultans to become amongst the wealthiest and most powerful of all sultans in the Indonesian region . In the precolonial era , Ternate was the dominant political and economic power over most of the `` Spice Islands '' of Maluku . Today , Ternate City is the largest town in the province of North Maluku , within which the island constitutes a municipality ( kotamadya ) . It is , however , no longer the provincial capital , a title now held by the town of Sofifi on Halmahera . The `` Ternate Essay '' was a pioneering account of evolution by natural selection written on the island by Alfred Russel Wallace in 1858 and famously sent to Charles Darwin . Darwin at once responded by publishing Wallace 's essay alongside his own accounts of the theory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c301ccce6b798936d9e4e5acc7982f", "text": "Wild animal", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86686dee885f99fe25b2f258a5561895", "text": "Life zones of Peru When the Spanish arrived , they divided Peru ( very simplistically ) into three main regions : the coastal region ( 11.6 % of Peru ) , that is bounded by the Pacific Ocean ; the highlands ( 28.1 % of Peru ) , that is located on the Andean Heights , and the jungle , that is located on the Amazonian Jungle ( Climate of Peru ) . But Javier Pulgar Vidal ( es ) , a geographer who studied the biogeographic reality of the Peruvian territory for a long time , proposed the creation of eight Natural Regions . In 1941 , he presented his thesis `` Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Perú '' at the III General Assembly of the Pan-American Institute of Geography and History . These eight Peruvian regions are : Chala or Coast ( subtropical dry and tropical savanna ) Yungas Fluvial Yunga Loma-Vegetation Quechua Suni or Jalca Puna Janca Rupa - Rupa or Highland Jungle Omagua or Lowland Jungle", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8390fef7da2e492db633f188dfc4805", "text": "Ivindo National Park Ivindo National Park is a national park in east-central Gabon in Central Africa , straddling the border of the Ogooué-Ivindo and Ogooué-Lolo provences . Its creation was announced in August 2002 by then-President Omar Bongo at the Earth Summit in Johannesburg , along with Gabon 's 12 other terrestrial national parks . Most famous for the spectacular Kongou and Mingouli waterfalls of the Ivindo River , known as the `` wonders of Ivindo '' , the park also includes the Ipassa Makokou Biosphere Reserve and Langoué Baï , one of the 5 most important forest clearings in Central Africa . The Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale ( IRET ) , a tropical research institute under the authority of the Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique ( CENAREST ) , is found in the north of the park , 12 km from the closest city , Makokou , while Langoué Research Station , run by the Wildlife Conservation Society ( WCS ) is found in the south a few kilometers from Langoué Baï . Physical features of the park include the Ivindo River , the park is the main tributary to the Ogooué , and Mount Kingué ( 749 m ) and Mount Ngouadi ( 870 m ) . Average rainfall is 1672 mm , with peaks in rainfall between September and December , and February and May . Violent thunderstorms occur seasonally , and can sometimes generate localised tornadoes , especially on the Ipassa Plateau ; the disturbances caused by this effect may be responsible for the fact that this forest superficially resembles secondary forest . Average temperature is 23.9 ° C ( measured at Makokou a few kilometres from the northern park border ) , with seasonal variation of around 3.3 ° C. The park covers 300,000 ha , almost all of which is forested with a mixture of Atlantic coastal forest of Lower Guinea , and semi-deciduous forest typical of central Congo Basin . Wildlife includes western lowland gorilla , common chimpanzee , African forest buffalo , red river hog , sitatunga , as well as one of the last relativity intact populations of forest elephants . Notable bird species include grey-necked rockfowl , while more than 430 bird species have been recorded within the park . Since 2001 , before the park 's creation , the WCS has studied and protected the southern region of the park , concentrated at Langoué Bai , with the support of what is now the Gabonese National Parks Agency ( ANPN ) . In 2004 WCS constructed a purpose-built camp 3 km from Langoué Bai , with accommodation and offices for researchers , providing important insights into bai ecology and a protective presence against poachers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20bbada588f2df16e0c457f397676cb3", "text": "Habitat A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal , plant , or other type of organism . The term typically refers to the zone in which the organism lives and where it can find food , shelter , protection and mates for reproduction . It is the natural environment in which an organism lives , or the physical environment that surrounds a species population . A habitat is made up of physical factors such as soil , moisture , range of temperature , and light intensity as well as biotic factors such as the availability of food and the presence or absence of predators . Every organism has certain habitat needs for the conditions in which it will thrive , but some are tolerant of wide variations while others are very specific in their requirements . A habitat is not necessarily a geographical area , it can be the interior of a stem , a rotten log , a rock or a clump of moss , and for a parasitic organism it is the body of its host , part of the host 's body such as the digestive tract , or a single cell within the host 's body . Habitat types include polar , temperate , subtropical and tropical . The terrestrial vegetation type may be forest , steppe , grassland , semi-arid or desert . Fresh water habitats include marshes , streams , rivers , lakes , ponds and estuaries , and marine habitats include salt marshes , the coast , the intertidal zone , reefs , bays , the open sea , the sea bed , deep water and submarine vents . Habitats change over time . This may be due to a violent event such as the eruption of a volcano , an earthquake , a tsunami , a wildfire or a change in oceanic currents ; or the change may be more gradual over millennia with alterations in the climate , as ice sheets and glaciers advance and retreat , and as different weather patterns bring changes of precipitation and solar radiation . Other changes come as a direct result of human activities ; deforestation , the ploughing of ancient grasslands , the diversion and damming of rivers , the draining of marshland and the dredging of the seabed . The introduction of alien species can have a devastating effect on native wildlife , through increased predation , through competition for resources or through the introduction of pests and diseases to which the native species have no immunity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad9a24af7ca185aeb77f26aeed6a8713", "text": "Kubu people The term Kubu is a Malay exonym ascribed to mobile , animist peoples ( Orang Batin Sembilan , Orang Rimba or Anak Dalam '' ' ) who live throughout the lowland forests of Southeast Sumatra . In the Malay language , the word Kubu can mean defensive fortification , entrenchment , or a place of refuge . It is metaphor for how the majority and dominant Islamic Melayu villagers believe them to use the interior forests as a means for resisting inclusion in the larger Malay social and Islamic religious world . As is the case with other forest peoples in the region , the term Kubu is associated with very negative connotations . Following Malay classifications , early Europeans divided the Kubu into two categories : ` tame ' or ` civilized ' Kubu , who were predominantly swidden farmers , and ` wild ' Kubu , who lived deep in the forests , and made much stronger efforts to avoid close relations with the outside world . While closely related to Malay speaking peoples , these peoples represent two separate cultural groups , which have different economic and socio-religious systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70a037b476bbec2149d6d2294ec68961", "text": "Politics of Indonesia The Politics of Indonesia take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic , whereby the President of Indonesia is both head of state and head of government , and of a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two People 's Representative Councils . The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature . The 1945 constitution provided for a limited separation of executive , legislative and judicial power . The governmental system has been described as `` presidential with parliamentary characteristics . '' Following the Indonesian riots of May 1998 and the resignation of President Suharto , several political reforms were set in motion via amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia , which resulted in changes to all branches of government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e75739ba93b9318a1de31c98eeaa7fb", "text": "World Charter for Nature World Charter for Nature was adopted by United Nations member nation-states on October 28 , 1982 . It proclaims five `` principles of conservation by which all human conduct affecting nature is to be guided and judged . '' Nature shall be respected and its essential processes shall not be impaired . The genetic viability on the earth shall not be compromised ; the population levels of all life forms , wild and domesticated , must be at least sufficient for their survival , and to this end necessary habitats shall be safeguarded . All areas of the earth , both land and sea , shall be subject to these principles of conservation ; special protection shall be given to unique areas , to representative samples of all the different types of ecosystems and to the habitats of rare or endangered species . Ecosystems and organisms , as well as the land , marine and atmospheric resources that are utilized by man , shall be managed to achieve and maintain optimum sustainable productivity , but not in such a way as to endanger the integrity of those other ecosystems or species with which they coexist . Nature shall be secured against degradation caused by warfare or other hostile activities . The vote was 111 for , one against ( United States ) , 18 abstentions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7bd6f91da11d2b4f76b37da1c333c26", "text": "Molai forest Molai forest is a forest on Majuli Island in the Brahmaputra River in Kokilamukh , Jorhat district , Assam , India . Molai forest is named after Padma Shri Jadav `` Molai '' Payeng , Indian environmental activist and forestry worker . The forest was single-handedly planted by Payeng in a timespan of 30 years and encompasses an area of about 1,360 acres / 550 hectares . Payeng planted and tended trees on a sandbar of the Brahmaputra River turning it into a forest reserve . Molai forest now houses Bengal tigers , Indian rhinoceros , over 100 deer and rabbits besides apes and several varieties of birds , including a large number of vultures . There are several thousand trees , including valcol , arjun ( Terminalia arjuna ) , ejar ( Lagerstroemia speciosa ) , goldmohur ( Delonix regia ) , koroi ( Albizia procera ) , moj ( Archidendron bigeminum ) and himolu ( Bombax ceiba ) . Bamboo covers an area of over 300 hectares . A herd of around 100 elephants regularly visits the forest every year and generally stays for around six months . They have given birth to 10 calves in the forest in recent years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc36785fd00c46d103a9be34f82ddd5e", "text": "Hiwi people The Hiwi call themselves the `` people of the savannah '' for the vast flatlands they inhabit between the Meta and Vichada rivers in Colombia . In Venezuela , the Hiwi live in the states of Apure , Guarico , Bolivar , and Amazonas . Seventeenth - and eighteenth-century historians described the Hiwi as nomadic hunter-gatherers . Their long history of violent conflict , extending well into the twentieth century , has meant dramatic changes in their way of life . Today , when the Hiwi visit criollo towns , they wear European-style clothing : shirts and pants for the men , and cotton dresses for the women . In their own villages , many continue to wear traditional loincloths made of cloth or of a vegetable bark called marima . Traditional clothing also includes body ornaments . The Hiwi make necklaces of glass beads as well as shamanic amulet necklaces for ceremonial use , made with animal teeth , hooves , and beaks . Textile crafts are an important part of their material culture . Using looms , the Hiwi weave high-quality hammocks with moriche or cumare fibers . Historically , basketry has been a male occupation among the Hiwi , and the baskets they weave for transporting and storing foodstuffs are decorated with red and black geometric designs . Recently , women have begun to make baskets for commercial sale . Some Hiwi still make pottery , although far fewer since the introduction of aluminum pots and plastic containers . Traditionally an activity of the dry season , vessels are made by rolling rings of clay over a base . After they dry , they are burned over an open fire and then decorated with vegetable dyes such as cumare and caruto . Despite a reputation as less than excellent navigators , the Hiwi do make curiaras and oars . The curiaras are made from a tree similar to the cedar . After the bark is removed , they use fire , hatchets , and machetes to shape the wood . From the same wood , they produce oars with round handles and oval paddles . Although made by hand , the completed curiara looks newly manufactured . The Hiwi make wind and percussion musical instruments for festivities and ceremonial rituals , such as flutes with three holes made from large deer bones . Pan flutes , made with five or six tubes of caña amarga , often are played with another musical instrument made from the skull and antlers of the deer . The maraca , the shaman 's principal musical instrument , is traditionally used for healing . The body of a maraca is made from a dried gourd , which is then painted with geometric patterns . It is often decorated as well with a tuft of curassow feathers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47ac4c3ea5460af1c6307969e26771ae", "text": "West Lunga National Park West Lunga National Park is a remote wildlife haven in dense forest in the North-Western Province of Zambia . It lies between the West Lunga River and Kabompo River about 10 km north of the gravel road from Solwezi to Kabompo , and covers about 1700 km ² . The national park is the only one in Zambia covered by forest , categorised in the small Cryptosepalum dry forests ecoregion , which exists only in a few patches in the south west of the province extending a little over the border into Angola . Cryptosepalum trees ( called `` mukwe '' locally ) are evergreen and grow densely with a closed canopy . The ecoregion forms the largest evergreen forest in Africa outside of the equatorial zone . Although the rainfall in the area is quite high ( above 1,000 mm per year ) the soils are sandy and well drained so apart from the rivers there is a lack of surface water . A few patches of Miombo woodland and grassland also exist in the park . The park lacks management , facilities , and roads . There is no accommodation and no towns nearby , visitors must be completely self-sufficient . ( The Zambia Tourism website does not even mention the park . ) It is reached by a dirt track from the main road to the park gate and base at Jivundu in its south-west . The lack of water and thickness of the forest has kept the human population low in the region , and despite some poaching and the absence of protection , the forest is believed to be still fairly rich in wildlife . Smaller forest mammals such as duiker and bushpigs live there , and recent reports also mention puku , hippopotami , Nile crocodiles , vervet monkeys , and yellow baboons . The game guards say there are buffalo , roan antelopes , sable antelopes , Lichtenstein 's hartebeests , impalas , elands , and elephants . As of September 2008 , African Parks Network ( also known as African Parks Foundation or African Parks Conservation ) from The Netherlands concluded an agreement for the management of West Lunga National Park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c811201802d47331d10ebd67f12e5f16", "text": "Daweishan ICCA The Daweishan ICCA , located in southeastern Yunnan province of China , has an intact rainforest which belongs to the Beibu-Gulf Center ( one of the three biodiversity centers in China ) and Indo-Burma hotspot ( one of the 34 biodiversity hot-spots worldwide ) . To better protect this rainforest with unique and rich species diversity , the People 's Government of Yunnan Province expanded Daweishan Nature Reserve in 1996 to incorporate Huayudong Forest , Xiaoweishan Forest , Zuantianpo Forest , Dalaobaijing Forest and Honghe Cycas Reserve , In 2001 , the Chinese State Council officially approved Daweishan as a National Nature Reserve . Daweishan National Nature Reserve crosses Pingbian , Hekou , Mengzi and Gejiu counties with the total area of 439 square kilometer . The elevation of the reserve is varied from 100 meter to 2365 meter . Daweishan has the only humid rainforest in the mainland of China and has a complete tropical mountain forest ecosystem vertical profile . From the bottom to the top , there are tropical humid rainforest , montane rainforest , monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest , mossy evergreen broad-leaved forest and mossy dwarf forest . Daweishan has extremely rich biodiversity which has 12 Grade I National Protected Plants , 23 Grade II National Protected Plants , 12 Grade I National Protected Animals and 46 Grade II National Protected Animals . Within Daweishan Reserve , especially in the core zone of the reserve , there are some villages habitat with Yi , Miao and other ethnic groups . These people 's life highly depends on the forest and with the increasing population and social-economic development , the pressures on the forest is also increasing . Deforesting , ecological degradation , wild species disappearing still happened . However , as the village 's land did not belong to the reserve and the community did not regulate their activities , there are frequently conflicts between the survival and protection which caused negative impacts to the long term biodiversity conservation . Under the support of UNDP and GEF/SGP , Nature Conservation Association of Pingbian launched the `` Construction of Daweishan ICCA '' project in October 2013 . The project was carried out in the 3 villages locating in the core zone of Daweishan reserve , i.e. Malongdi , Ludima and Changpo Village , which has direct and significant impacts on the reserve and its biodiversity . The overall objectives of this project were 1 ) Raise the 3 project villages ' awareness on protection and enhance their capacity on sustainable development , 2 ) effectively protect forest and biodiversity through develop sustainable livelihood and clean energy , and 3 ) register ICCA and develop co-management mechanisms between the communities and reserve administration bureau . Major activities included village conference , training ( on biodiversity , beekeeping and product certification , biogas use and clean energy , and ICCA registration ) , publicity activities , registration of beekeeping cooperative and ICCA , community patrol and biodiversity image monitoring , community protection actions , and biogas construction . Through the first and second village conference , biodiversity and ICCA training , community committee operation , patrol and biodiversity monitoring , the 3 villages ' awareness and capacity on protection were significantly raised . Villagers understand ICCA concept , they agreed to registered ICCA and make protection actions . In September 2014 the 3 villages signed `` Free , Prior and Informed Consent '' and complete the registered form/case study together with project team . In December 2014 we complete the ICCA registration which means the Daweishan ICCA was formal established . Category : Forests of China Category : Nature reserves in China", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f1582f10c2a0c2e55b9f61d25803709", "text": "Tourist village (Indonesia) In Indonesia , a tourist village ( desa wisata ) is a village officially designated as one that welcomes tourism . In the Special Region of Yogyakarta ( which includes the Sleman Regency ) , the concept was embraced around 2000 with dozens of villages being dubbed as tourist villages . According to a 2009 report in The Jakarta Post there were 48 tourist villages listed in Yogyakarta , though only ten were actually operating as such , including : Kebonagung , Manding , Krebet , Kasongan ( Bantul ) , Trumpon , Turgo , Ketingan , Brayut , Gamplong ( Sleman ) and Bobung ( Gunungkidul ) . The designation as a `` tourist village '' may not mean that the village is actually developed for tourism , but that it is believed the potential for tourism exists . Nearby Mount Merapi helped encourage a number of villages to be named tourist villages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d37da03e01544a29069cd42900ddf14", "text": "Pack hunter A pack hunter or social predator is a predator belonging to the animal kingdom which has evolved to hunt its prey by working together with other members of its species . Normally animals hunting in this way are closely related , and with the exceptions of humans and chimpanzees where only males normally hunt , all individuals in a family group will contribute to hunting . The most commonly known pack hunter is the gray wolf , the closest wild relative of all breeds of domesticated dog . Humans and their closest-living relatives chimpanzees are also pack hunters . Other pack hunting mammals include dolphins , lions , dwarf and banded mongooses and spotted hyenas . A number of avian social predators exist , including the Harris 's hawk , butcherbirds , three of four kookaburra species and many helmetshrikes . There are a few cold-blooded pack hunters including simple arthropods such as army ants , the yellow saddle goatfish and occasionally crocodiles . There is a possibility that some non-avian theropod dinosaurs displayed pack behavior as well . A social animal that always hunts , singly such as the domestic cat , is not a pack hunter . Pack hunting is typically associated with cooperative breeding and its concentration in the Afrotropical Region is a reflection of this . Most pack hunters are found in the southern African savannas , with a notable absence in tropical rainforests and with the exception of the wolf and coyote , higher latitudes . It is thought that either on the ancient and poor soils of the southern African savanna it is not possible for individual predators to find adequate food , or that the environment 's inherent unpredictability due to ENSO or IOD events means that in very bad conditions it will not be possible to raise the young necessary to prevent declining populations from adult mortality . It is also argued that Africa 's very large area of continuous flat and open country , which was even more extensive while rainforest contracted during glacial periods of the Quaternary , may have helped encourage pack hunting to become much more common than on any other continent . A shared pack hunting history is thought to be the main conduit through which humans have been able to form a mutual relationship with dogs ( that is , domestication ) , as both species are highly social and inter-dependent . Humans easily take over the dominance hierarchy of dogs as subordinates instinctively follow the `` alpha '' individual and dogs are accustomed to living very close together When wolves hunt a Moose or Elk , it sometimes takes to deep water to avoid the pack . A wolf response to this behavior is that the pack rests with one or two wolves annoying the prey until it gets fatigued .", "title": "" } ]	fever
41b7f38413b6ea85b99b90c28cb3ce41	Joan Collins was in Sunburn.	[ { "docid": "52586d1d4af15630cc44ea92183dc721", "text": "Sunburn (film) Sunburn is a 1979 British-American comedy film directed by Richard C. Sarafian and written by James Booth , John Daly and Stephen Oliver . It is based on the novel The Bind by Stanley Ellin . The film stars Farrah Fawcett , Charles Grodin , Art Carney , Joan Collins , William Daniels and John Hillerman . The film was released on August 10 , 1979 , by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0b3ad3bec5555866c8bdd1f949d59c61", "text": "Heartburn (novel) Heartburn is an autobiographical novel based on Nora Ephron 's life story about her marriage to and divorce from Carl Bernstein , her second husband . Originally published in 1983 , the novel largely focuses on his affair with Margaret Jay , the daughter of former British Prime Minister James Callaghan . Ephron also wrote the screenplay for the film based on the novel starring Meryl Streep and Jack Nicholson . The novel is a vivid depiction of the breakdown of a marriage . Its strong autobiographical content provides insight into one of the `` power couples '' of the late 1970s . It is Nora Ephron 's first published novel but in it she mentions subjects that she would go on to feature in future work such as When Harry Met Sally and Julie & Julia . The narrator of the novel is Rachel Samstat , a food writer who is married to Mark Feldman , a political journalist . Rachel is a Jewish New Yorker who has moved to Washington , D.C. , to support her husband 's career . They have one son and Rachel is pregnant with their second child as the book begins . The book wittily describes the life of an upper middle class intellectual couple replete with neuroses -- Rachel is in group therapy , Mark agonizes over the mystifying disappearance of his socks . Threaded through the whole are recipes and anecdotes which drive the story along and humanize Samstat . In a New Yorker piece on novels that include recipes , Adam Gopnik writes , `` in Heartburn , the recipes serve both as a joke about what a food writer writing a novel would write and as a joke on novel-writing itself by someone who anticipates that she will not be treated as a ` real ' novelist . '' Rachel 's self-esteem takes a huge battering as Mark has an affair with Thelma Rice ( Margaret Jay ) and she takes her revenge by telling the Washington grapevine that Thelma has a venereal disease . The diamond engagement ring that is stolen from Rachel when she is at group therapy is pivotal to the plot . Remarkably she gets it back when the police catch the robber . The stone is loose in its setting and she takes it back to the `` family '' jeweler to get it fixed . Here she discovers that while she had been in the hospital giving birth , Mark had bought an expensive necklace for his lover Thelma . She sells the ring and the money enables her to go back to New York and start afresh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68cd899b6a223b8907a55026367e45ab", "text": "The Beat Generation The Beat Generation is a 1959 American crime film by MGM starring Steve Cochran and Mamie Van Doren , with Ray Danton , Fay Spain , Maggie Hayes , Jackie Coogan , Louis Armstrong , James Mitchum , Vampira , and Ray Anthony . It is a sensationalistic interpretation of the beatnik culture of the `` Beat Generation '' ( and is sometimes considered one of the very last films noir to be produced . ) The movie was also shown under the title This Rebel Age . The director was Charles F. Haas . Richard Matheson and Lewis Meltzer are credited with the screenplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e31ca454e5a7738a75ccfc4fb071566f", "text": "She Was Hot `` She Was Hot '' is a song by The Rolling Stones from their 1983 album Undercover . Recording on `` She Was Hot '' first began in late 1982 . Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards , the song is a traditional rock 'n' roll number from the band . The song is notable as both original Rolling Stones pianist Ian Stewart and his replacement Chuck Leavell perform on the recording . `` She Was Hot '' was released as the second single from the album in late January 1984 . The B-side to the single was an Emotional Rescue outtake , `` I Think I 'm Going Mad . '' The single did not perform well , reaching only number 44 on the U.S. Charts and number 42 on the U.K. Charts . A memorable video was produced for the song , featuring actress Anita Morris who semi-comically tempts each member of the band . The video version includes an extra verse . As with its predecessor , `` Undercover of the Night , '' `` She Was Hot '' was directed by Julien Temple , and was also edited for broadcast on MTV . The Rolling Stones resurrected `` She Was Hot '' for the 2006 United States leg of their A Bigger Bang Tour . The song made its live debut on October 11 , 2006 in Chicago , and was a regular part of the band 's set list during the tour . The November 1 , 2006 performance of `` She Was Hot '' was captured for the 2008 concert film and live album Shine a Light . The song was also covered and reworked by Cheap Trick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93747b05a73ba5f6d411e22d57d96047", "text": "Joan Blackham Joan Blackham ( born 1946 in Wolverhampton , Staffordshire , England ) is a prolific British actress with a long stage , film and television career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79e8378d8b439f54f15dc09f2d15ca34", "text": "Torture (The Jacksons song) `` Torture '' is the second single released off the album Victory by the band , The Jacksons . Written by Jackie Jackson and fellow Motown veteran Kathy Wakefield , the song is about someone ending a relationship and the torture that a person can receive while trying to end it . Jackie was originally going to sing the song with his brother , Michael , but Jackie 's role instead went to Jermaine Jackson , whose availability for the album was in question until the last minute . The rest of the Jacksons sang the chorus along with Michael and Jermaine . The song received mixed reactions from critics . The video was probably best known for Michael not being available , and the use of a wax dummy in his place throughout the video . Paula Abdul replaced Perri Lister as the video 's choreographer , in which various scenes of torture are displayed with the Jacksons being on the receiving end of most of it . The shoot was an expensive and arduous affair that neither Michael nor Jermaine took part in , and it ultimately bankrupted the production company . The song peaked at # 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , making it the second best selling single on the album , behind `` State of Shock '' . It also peaked at # 26 on the UK charts . This was their last single to reach the US Top 40 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f026053d12472a8e9d62b5183c51aa25", "text": "James Coburn (Irish politician) James Coburn ( 13 April 1889 -- 5 December 1953 ) , also known as `` The Juker '' Coburn , was an Irish politician . A builders foreman , he was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a National League Party Teachta Dála ( TD ) for the Louth constituency at the June 1927 general election . He was re-elected at the September 1927 general election but became an independent TD in July 1931 following the disbandment of the National League Party . He was re-elected as an independent TD at the 1932 and 1933 general elections . At the 1937 general election he was re-elected as a Fine Gael TD for Louth . He was re-elected at each general election until the 1951 general election . His background as a builder led to Fianna Fáil supporters disrupting Coburn 's rallies at election time by singing `` A mason once again '' to the tune of the Fine Gael anthem A Nation Once Again . He died during the 14th Dáil and the subsequent by-election on 3 March 1954 was won by his son George Coburn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95651381f28e7ab3f21feaf3547bd1f7", "text": "Mel Collins Melvyn Desmond `` Mel '' Collins ( born 5 September 1947 , Isle of Man ) is a British saxophonist , flautist and session musician . Collins is perhaps best known for his work in progressive rock , having been a member of King Crimson on two separate occasions ( the first from 1970 to 1972 and the second from 2013 to the present day ) and having played with Camel , the Alan Parsons Project and Chris Squire . He has also worked in a wide variety of contexts ranging from R&B and blues rock to jazz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e522459480933c5b0b0db5b328c7bbda", "text": "Hard Times for Lovers Hard Times For Lovers is an album by Judy Collins , released on Elektra Records in 1979 . Collins ' first album of new material since Bread and Roses in 1976 , some extra publicity was earned as a result of the back cover of the Francesco Scavullo-photographed sleeve art , depicting most of a nude Collins as seen from the back . The album was still something of a commercial disappointment , however , peaking at # 54 on the Billboard Pop Albums charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc70dd5ef191d6b707e1488ef436c3d7", "text": "Duffy (film) Duffy is a 1968 Anglo-American comedy film directed by Robert Parrish and starring James Coburn , James Mason , Susannah York and James Fox . Originally called `` Avec-Avec '' , French for `` with-it '' , according to 1967 press reports , Columbia Pictures changed the title of the movie , despite the protests of the stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39c514014bd4da9b37a0ee56382c1311", "text": "Sun Studio Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis , Tennessee , on January 3 , 1950 . It was originally called Memphis Recording Service , sharing the same building with the Sun Records label business . Reputedly the first rock and roll single , Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats ' `` Rocket 88 '' was recorded there in 1951 with song composer Ike Turner on keyboards , leading the studio to claim status as the birthplace of rock & roll . Blues and R&B artists like Howlin ' Wolf , Junior Parker , Little Milton , B.B. King , James Cotton , Rufus Thomas , and Rosco Gordon recorded there in the early 1950s . Rock and roll , country music , and rockabilly artists , including Johnny Cash , Elvis Presley , Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Charlie Feathers , Ray Harris , Warren Smith , Charlie Rich , and Jerry Lee Lewis , recorded there throughout the mid-to-late 1950s until the studio outgrew its Union Avenue location . Sam Phillips opened the larger Sam C. Phillips Recording Studio , better known as Phillips Recording , in 1959 to replace the older facility . Since Phillips had invested in the Holiday Inn Hotel chain earlier , he also recorded artists starting in 1963 on the label Holiday Inn Records for Kemmons Wilson . In 1957 , Bill Justis recorded his Grammy Hall of Fame song `` Raunchy '' for Sam Phillips and worked as a musical director at Sun Records . In 1969 , Sam Phillips sold the label to Shelby Singleton , and there was no recording-related or label-related activity again in the building until the September 1985 Class of '55 recording sessions with Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Jerry Lee Lewis , and Johnny Cash , produced by Chips Moman . In 1987 , the original building housing the Sun Records label and Memphis Recording Service was reopened by Gary Hardy as `` Sun Studio , '' a recording label and tourist attraction that has attracted many notable artists , such as U2 , Def Leppard , Bonnie Raitt , and Ringo Starr . In 2005 , Brian Setzer ( of Stray Cats fame ) released his Rockabilly Riot Vol . 1 : A Tribute To Sun Records album . Although not recorded at Sun it did feature various Sun Records recordings including some hits and other more obscure songs . In 2007 , Canadian rockabilly band the Kingmakers recorded a selection of originals and classics such as Elvis Presley 's `` That 's All Right '' at Sun Studio , released as their first CD `` Live at SUN Studio '' . In May 2009 , Canadian blues artist JW-Jones recorded with blues legend Hubert Sumlin , Larry Taylor and Richard Innes for his 2010 release at the studio . In July 2009 , John Mellencamp recorded nine songs for his album No Better Than This at the studio . In 2011 , Chris Isaak released `` Beyond the Sun , '' a collection of songs recorded at Sun Studio , most of which are cover versions of songs originally released on Sun Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f363e701c7f4c18da264322c16a33aab", "text": "Walkin' in the Sun Walkin ' in the Sun is the forty-sixth album by American singer/guitarist Glen Campbell , released in 1990 ( see 1990 in music ) . It includes the single `` She 's Gone Gone Gone '' , Campbell 's last Top 10 hit on the country music charts . The single itself was released via Universal Records , a short-lived label founded by Jimmy Bowen , instead . This album , however , marked his return to Capitol Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e92bd4308cabeb33f52c8221b38d60e8", "text": "Tommy Collins (singer) Leonard Raymond Sipes ( September 28 , 1930 -- March 14 , 2000 ) , better known as Tommy Collins , was an American country music singer and songwriter . Active primarily during the 1950s through the 1970s , Collins was instrumental in helping create the Bakersfield sound of the country music genre . He enjoyed a string of hits during the mid-1950s including `` It Tickles '' and `` Watcha Gon na Do Now '' . He also wrote several songs for other artists , including `` If You Ai n't Lovin ' ( You Ai n't Livin ' ) '' , which was a top 10 hit for Faron Young in 1954 and a No. 1 hit by George Strait in 1988 . After several years in the ministry , Collins returned to recording . In 1965 , he had a comeback hit with `` If You Ca n't Bite , Do n't Growl '' . In the 1970s , he wrote several hits for Merle Haggard , including the No. 1 hits `` Carolyn '' and `` The Roots of My Raising '' . In 1981 , Haggard recorded a biographical tribute to Collins called `` Leonard '' . Collins was the inspiration and character talked about in Craig Morgan 's song , `` I Wish I Could See Bakersfield '' . Collins remained active in the songwriting business . He died March 14 , 2000 , in Ashland City , Tennessee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05f445e6570ccd8fd37279781512f04d", "text": "Dream City Film Club Dream City Film Club were a North London rock band founded in July 1995 . Their sound was difficult to categorize in that it encompassed tortured lovelorn balladry , avant-garde flourishes , Tin Pan Alley , straightforward rock and gospel yearnings in both lyrics and subject matter . Ultimately , Dream City Film Club failed to find enough of an audience to sustain them . Vocalist Michael J. Sheehy had been working as a solo singer/songwriter for several years when he met Alex Vald and Laurence Ash , who quickly began writing songs with Sheehy . Upon the demise of another local group , Breed , bassist Andrew Park joined . The band 's name came from a news story Sheehy had seen about an arsonist who had burned down a members-only porno theatre . They played their first gig as Dream City Film Club on 31 July 1995 . They released a single , `` Crawl '' for the underground fanzine , the Organ in early 1996 . Soon after , they were contacted by Beggar 's Banquet and recorded their eponymous debut album in late 1996 , later releasing it on 26 May 1997 . According to Sheehy , the English press reaction to the first single , `` Perfect Piece of Trash '' , was almost unanimous in its derision . After parting with Vald , DCFC continued on as a three piece , recording its second and final album , In the Cold Light of Morning featuring a more expansive sound best realized on the epic `` God Will Punish the Pervert Preacher '' . The group disbanded in 1999 . Michael J. Sheehy subsequently recorded three solo albums for Beggar 's Banquet and two for Glitterhouse , and has fronted Saint Silas Intercession with his brother Patrick . During the early 2000s , Alex Vald worked as half of experimental pop band Datapuddle . In 2015 , Sheehy and Vald reunited as the pop-noir duo United Sound of Joy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0305463cbc6c1b74348d4897a47c3b71", "text": "True Stories and Other Dreams True Stories and Other Dreams is an album by American singer Judy Collins , released in 1973 . It peaked at No 27 on the Billboard Pop Albums charts . The album included Valerie Carter 's `` Cook With Honey '' , which returned Collins to the U.S. pop singles top-forty , as well as Tom Paxton 's song `` The Hostage '' about the 1971 Attica Prison riots . It also included a number of Collins ' own compositions , including `` The Fisherman Song '' , which she would later perform on Sesame Street .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "476d47b80adcd200fc0adf84c36196b3", "text": "The Triumph of St. Joan The Triumph of St. Joan was originally an opera in three acts by Norman Dello Joio to an English language libretto on the subject of the martyrdom of Joan of Arc by Dello Joio and Joseph Machilis . It was premiered at Sarah Lawrence College on May 9 , 1950 . Although the opera was received positively , the composer was unhappy with the work and declined to have it performed again . However , he did adapt part of the opera into a symphony of the same title in 1951 . The symphony was later renamed Seraphic Ode . Dello Joio returned to the subject of Joan of Arc in 1955 when he was commissioned by the NBC Television Opera Theatre to produce an original 75-minute opera for television . The resulting work in two acts was retitled The Trial at Rouen , and , in using new music and a new libretto by Dello Joio , was in effect a completely different musical drama from its predecessor . It premiered on April 8 , 1956 on NBC . Dello Joio adapted the work a third time , extending the music at the beginning and end of the 1956 version ( including some music from the 1950 opera ) to create a one-act opera for the stage . This third version , once again called The Triumph of St. Joan , was premiered by the New York City Opera on April 16 , 1959 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "490c3932fc8d91c04596229321f1236f", "text": "Phil Collins (artist) Phil Collins ( born 1970 ) is an English artist , and Turner prize nominee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4eb8ae59f02c43a5c4239fa30225162e", "text": "Sunburn (TV series) Sunburn is a British television series that followed the lives of a group of British holiday reps. It was broadcast on BBC One between 16 January 1999 and 1 May 2000 , running for two series of six and eight episodes respectively . The first was set and filmed in Cyprus and the second in Algarve . The cast included Michelle Collins , Rebecca Callard , Sharon Small , George Layton and Sean Maguire , with Paul Nicholas joining later . The series was created by Mike Bullen , who was interested in the behind-the-scenes lives of holiday reps after watching the docusoap Holiday Reps. Bullen wrote most of the first series but scaled back his involvement in the second ; most of that series ' episodes were written by Lizzie Mickery . The series has never been released on video or DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "defa61efb12976861a4074d827895caa", "text": "Turbulent Indigo Turbulent Indigo is the fifteenth album by Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell . Released in 1994 , it won a Grammy Award for Pop Album of the Year . John Milward , writing for Rolling Stone , wrote that it was Mitchell 's `` best album since the mid - '70s '' . The album marked her return to Warner Music ( formerly WEA ) distribution after her previous album , Night Ride Home , was distributed by MCA for its then-newly purchased subsidiary Geffen Records ( which , prior to the sale to MCA , had distributed through WEA ) . The album takes inspiration from the Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh for Mitchell 's self-portrait on the cover . The song `` Turbulent Indigo '' references Van Gogh , while the song `` Magdalene Laundries '' recounts the sufferings of Irish women once consigned to Magdalen Asylums run by the Roman Catholic Church and made to work in the asylum 's laundries . The song `` Not to Blame '' was rumored to be about Mitchell 's singer-songwriting colleague Jackson Browne who was alleged to have beaten his girlfriend , actress Daryl Hannah ; Mitchell denies this . . The song `` Sex Kills '' referenced a number of late 20th century topical issues , including violence , AIDS , global warming and consumerism . , the album has sold 311,000 copies in the US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce5eeed44bcd5a4ae41fc539be577f9c", "text": "Glorious Results of a Misspent Youth Glorious Results of a Misspent Youth is the fourth studio album by Joan Jett and the third to feature her backing band The Blackhearts . The album was released in 1984 and reissued in 1998 with seven bonus tracks . The title of the album was taken from a line of dialogue in an episode of The Honeymooners . MCA Records had trouble pulling a successful single from the album . They released two music videos for the songs `` I Need Someone '' and `` I Love You Love Me Love '' ( its title shortened to `` I Love You Love '' ) , but only `` I Love You Love '' was released in the 7-inch format ( backed with a live version of `` Talkin ' ` Bout My Baby '' ) . In the UK , `` I Need Someone '' was released as a 12-inch single , but the vocal differed from the album version . `` Cherry Bomb '' was remixed by Mark S. Berry and released as a promotional 12-inch single in the US on red vinyl , coupled with an instrumental titled `` Bombs Away '' . The record sleeve featured Jett firing up a large plastic cherry with a Bic lighter . `` Hide and Seek '' and `` I Ca n't Control Myself '' were produced by Thom Panunzio and Kenny Laguna . Both originally appeared on the Venezuelan release of the Glorious Results of a Misspent Youth album ( which was titled I Need Someone for that country ) . `` Bird Dog '' was produced by Kenny Laguna . It originally appeared as the B-side of the British 12 '' single , `` I Need Someone '' . `` Talkin ' ` Bout My Baby '' was produced by John Aiosa and Kenny Laguna . It originally appeared as the B-side of `` I Love You Love Me Love '' and was recorded live at CBGB in New York City on October 11 , 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8e09608139c5026cbabbefb7278087e", "text": "Shelter from the Storm `` Shelter from the Storm '' is a song by Bob Dylan , released on his 15th studio album , Blood on the Tracks , in 1975 . Along with `` Tangled Up in Blue '' , `` Shelter from the Storm '' was one of two songs from Blood on the Tracks to be re-released on the 2000 compilation The Essential Bob Dylan . The song also appears on two live albums by Bob Dylan -- Hard Rain ( from a May 1976 performance ) and At Budokan ( recorded in February 1978 ) . A first take of the song , from the same recording session that produced the album track , is featured in the soundtrack of the 1996 film Jerry Maguire . This outtake was also included on The Best of Bob Dylan , Vol . 1 ( 1997 ) . Further appearances are in the Alias episode `` Trust Me '' , the Criminal Minds episode `` The Instincts '' , the FlashForward episode `` Believe '' , and the movies Warm Bodies , St. Vincent , and Steve Jobs . The Criminal Minds episode also includes several notations about Dylan , and the quote , `` I think the truly natural things are dreams , which nature ca n't touch with decay , '' is read by the fictional character Spencer Reid ( played by Matthew Gray Gubler ) . The song also appeared in the Numb3rs second season finale , `` Hot Shot , '' and in the third episode of the National Geographic Channel 's 2016 miniseries Mars . The song has been covered by Manfred Mann 's Earth Band , released on their 1996 studio album Soft Vengeance . Jimmy Lafave recorded the song on his 1992 live record Austin Skyline . The song has also been covered by jazz singer Cassandra Wilson on Belly of the Sun . Soul Flower Union as 嵐からの隠れ家 ( Arashi kara no Kakurega ) covered the song on their 2002 studio album Love ± Zero . Rodney Crowell covered the song , with EmmyLou Harris for Crowell 's 2005 album The Outsider . In 2006 , English singer-songwriter Steve Adey reinterpreted the song , slowing it down to a funeral pace . Adey 's version made The Times top songs of 2006 . The song is used in the movie , including as the ending credits theme Steve Jobs ( 2015 film ) . The song is used as the ending credits theme in the movie St. Vincent . Bill Murray is seen in the back yard listening to the song and singing along .", "title": "" } ]	fever
985d8fd604faf121a7a497ca88d9e1ce	The Belko Experiment is an American horror film.	[ { "docid": "531fdce2112219a436ee1eed9d9e0757", "text": "The Belko Experiment The Belko Experiment is a 2016 American horror film directed by Greg McLean and written by James Gunn . The film stars John Gallagher Jr. , Tony Goldwyn , Adria Arjona and Melonie Diaz . Filming began on June 1 , 2015 , in Bogotá , Colombia . The film premiered at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival on September 10 , 2016 and was released in the United States on March 17 , 2017 , by BH Tilt and Orion Pictures . The film received mixed reviews from critics and has grossed $ 10 million worldwide , against its $ 5 million budget .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d691f7fe57f0b85c6d51546b6ca44f20", "text": "Hellmaster Hellmaster is a 1992 American horror film . The film was written and directed by Douglas Shulze and is about a psychotic college professor who uses unsuspecting students as laboratory rats , injecting them with a drug that mutates them into brutal slaughterers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3207785f25ef4e79f35bdcbf32b2c34a", "text": "Hobgoblins (film) Hobgoblins is a 1988 American low-budget independent comedy horror film directed , written , and produced by Rick Sloane , who also served as cinematographer and editor . The plot concerns small , often considered cheaply designed and made hobgoblins ( small demon like mythical and goblin-like creatures ) . Often seen as a rip-off of `` every small monster movie , '' but mainly Gremlins , the film is generally considered to be of exceptionally poor quality , and has come to be regarded as one of the worst films ever made . It has become a cult film because of its poor quality , and earned infamy after it was featured on Mystery Science Theater 3000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "976a6897e1515889c559516762604794", "text": "The Atoning The Atoning is a 2017 American supernatural horror independent film . It was written and directed by Michael Williams , his second feature film following 2014 's OzLand and his first horror film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab38fc0a9931ba848422b711734482bc", "text": "They (2002 film) They ( also known as Wes Craven Presents : They ) is a 2002 American supernatural horror film directed by Robert Harmon . The plot centers on a group of four adults named Julia Lund , Sam Burnside , Terry Alba , and Billy Parks and their experience with the phenomenon of night terrors and the impact they had on their lives as children and how they come back to haunt them as adults . The film was produced by Ted Field , Tom Engleman , and Wes Craven who served as executive producer . The film stars Laura Regan , Ethan Embry , Dagmara Dominczyk , Jay Brazeau , and Marc Blucas . The title is a reference to the fact that the creatures are only referred to as `` They '' as their origins are ambiguous . The film was a box office bomb and had lukewarm reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba768284051e23f41ec46e4c1fc4978d", "text": "Abattoir (film) Abattoir is a 2016 American horror film directed by Darren Lynn Bousman and written by Christopher Monfette . It premiered on June 7 , 2016 at the Los Angeles Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "168c90fc76278aa26a5551b4fb6c581e", "text": "Black Sunday (1960 film) Black Sunday ( Italian : La maschera del demonio ) -- also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire -- is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava , from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini , Mario Serandrei and Marcello Coscia ( who was uncredited ) . The film stars Barbara Steele , John Richardson , Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani . It was Bava 's directorial debut , although he had completed several previous feature films without credit . Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol 's short story `` Viy '' , the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother , only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants . By the social standards of the 1960s , Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome , and was banned in the UK until 1968 because of its violence . In the U.S. , some of the gore was censored , in-house , by the distributor American International Pictures before its theatrical release to the country 's cinemas , where it was shown as a double feature with Roger Corman 's The Little Shop of Horrors . Despite the censorship , Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success , and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele . In 2004 , one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the `` 100 Scariest Movie Moments '' by the Bravo TV network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7a478a18e2740df04d5089286363317", "text": "Creature Features Creature Features was a generic title for a genre of horror TV format shows broadcast on local U.S. television stations throughout the 1960s , 1970s and 1980s . The movies broadcast on the various shows were generally classic and cult horror movies of the 1930s to 1950s , the horror and science-fiction films of the 1950s , British horror films of the 1960s , and the Japanese `` giant monster '' movies of the 1960s and 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9fe5538299a2b918272d1dcfa73f23c", "text": "Begotten (film) Begotten is a 1990 American experimental dark fantasy horror film written , produced , edited and directed by E. Elias Merhige . It narrates the story of Genesis while re-imagining it . Begotten is considered by Merhige himself as the start of an unofficial trilogy . There is a prologue to the intended second installment in the trilogy , which is the 14-minute short Din of Celestial Birds , which deals with evolution and premiered in 2006 on Turner Classic Movies , and was shot in similar visual fashion as Begotten .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2ec1671f74c895671172eae841f7069", "text": "The Dark Eyes of London (film) The Dark Eyes of London is a 1939 British horror film directed by Walter Summers , starring Béla Lugosi and Greta Gynt . The film is an adaptation of the 1924 novel of the same name by Edgar Wallace . The film is about a scientist named Dr. Orloff who commits a series of murders for insurance money , while periodically disguising himself as the blind manager of a charity to further his scheme . It was released in November 1939 in Britain , where it became the first British film to receive the `` H '' rating for `` Horrific '' . It was released in the USA in 1940 by Monogram Pictures under the title of The Human Monster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dae2da899bbbdd080d968bda5264d664", "text": "Paranormal Entity Paranormal Entity is a 2009 American supernatural horror film written , directed by and starring Shane Van Dyke and produced by The Asylum in 2009 . It is one of many films dubbed as a `` mockbuster '' , a movie designed to capitalize on the success of a more popular film . Paranormal Entity is a copycat of the successful low-budget horror film Paranormal Activity . The film was followed by indirect sequels 8213 : Gacy House ( also known as Paranormal Entity 2 ) in 2010 , Anneliese : The Exorcist Tapes ( also known as Paranormal Entity 3 ) in 2011 , and 100 Ghost Street : The Return of Richard Speck ( also known as Paranormal Entity 4 ) in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ec16a1389affd10cde49cdf4705ebe3", "text": "Chamber of Horrors (1966 film) Chamber of Horrors is a 1966 horror film directed by Hy Averback and starring Patrick O'Neal , Cesare Danova , Wilfrid Hyde-White , Wayne Rogers and Laura Devon . The film was released to theatres but was originally shot as a television movie and a pilot film for a proposed series called House of Wax .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3f5576e156db4221e7a00c3c1272a9a", "text": "Mikey (film) Mikey is a 1992 horror-thriller film directed by Dennis Dimster and starring Brian Bonsall . The film centers on the character of Mikey , a young boy who is adopted by a family after his previous adoptive family dies . Rather than the darling child they expected , however , Mikey turns out to be a violent psychopath and a budding serial killer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cb1c230001a801d7230ccde060882c7", "text": "Curse of the Swamp Creature Curse of the Swamp Creature is a 1966 American film directed by Larry Buchanan . Although Buchanan was producing low budget 16mm color remakes of American International Pictures sci-fi movies for television distribution around this time , he claimed this was an original even though it bears more than a few striking similarities to the 1957 AIP film Voodoo Woman . Buchanan later said `` never make a swamp picture . Your film comes back and it 's all ... strange . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "621d4243fcbc257a7c913f658b51b5e8", "text": "Nosferatu Nosferatu , eine Symphonie des Grauens ( translated as Nosferatu : A Symphony of Horror ; or simply Nosferatu ) is a 1922 German Expressionist horror film , directed by F. W. Murnau , starring Max Schreck as the vampire Count Orlok . The film , shot in 1921 and released in 1922 , was an unauthorized adaptation of Bram Stoker 's Dracula . Various names and other details were changed from the novel : for instance , `` vampire '' became `` Nosferatu '' and `` Count Dracula '' became `` Count Orlok '' . Stoker 's heirs sued over the adaptation , and a court ruling ordered that all copies of the film be destroyed . However , a few prints of Nosferatu survived , and the film came to be regarded as an influential masterpiece of cinema . As of 2017 , it is Rotten Tomatoes ' third-best reviewed horror film of all time . The film was released in the United States on 3 June 1929 , seven years after its original premiere in Germany , where it instantly became a hit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f66f28332c6af504520cb478779b0bbb", "text": "Gothic film The Gothic film is a film that is based on Gothic fiction or contains Gothic elements . Since various definite film genres -- including science fiction , film noir , thriller , and comedy -- have used Gothic elements , the Gothic film is challenging to define clearly as a genre . Gothic elements have also infused the horror film genre , contributing supernatural and nightmarish elements . To create a Gothic atmosphere , filmmakers have sought to create new camera tricks that challenge audiences ' perceptions . Gothic films also reflected contemporary issues . A New Companion to The Gothics Heidi Kaye said `` strong visuals , a focus on sexuality and an emphasis on audience response '' characterize Gothic films like they did the literary works . The Encyclopedia of the Gothic said the foundation of Gothic film was the combination of Gothic literature , stage melodrama , and German expressionism . In The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction , Misha Kavka says Gothic film is not an established genre , rather contributing Gothic images , plots , characters , and styles to films . These elements are often found in `` the broader category of horror '' . Kavka quotes William Patrick Day 's definition of the Gothic , '' -LSB- it -RSB- tantalizes us with fear , both as its subject and its effect ; its does so , however , not primarily through characters or plots or even language , but through spectacle '' . Cinema suits the Gothic definition in creating images that establish the spectacle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a4c6be85a12e890a50f62732fb228fa", "text": "The St. Francisville Experiment The St. Francisville Experiment is a 2000 low-budget found footage horror film directed by Ted Nicolaou . The film was released direct to DVD on April 15 , 2000 and centers upon a small group of paranormal investigators who spend a night in an old haunted mansion located in St. Francisville , Louisiana . The haunted mansion 's back story was loosely based upon the true story of Delphine LaLaurie , a New Orleans socialite believed to have tortured and perhaps killed slaves in the early 1800s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "502d62727388508353ab228b74554dd4", "text": "Isle of the Dead (film) Isle of the Dead ( 1945 ) is a horror film made for RKO Radio Pictures by producer Val Lewton . The movie had a script inspired by the painting Isle of the Dead by Arnold Böcklin , which appears behind the title credits , though the film was originally titled `` Camilla '' during production . ( Another of Lewton 's films , I Walked With a Zombie , has the painting hung in the main room of the movie . ) It was written by frequent Lewton collaborator Ardel Wray and directed by Mark Robson . It was the fourth of five pictures Robson directed for Lewton and starred Boris Karloff . Karloff would work on two other pictures with Lewton , although the Isle of the Dead came out of second .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d667b0e877b339cd5c0fa4ac3e81dbc", "text": "Thirteen Ghosts Thirteen Ghosts ( also known as 13 Ghosts and stylized as THIR13EN Ghosts ) is a 2001 Canadian-American supernatural horror film directed by Steve Beck . It is a remake of the 1960 film 13 Ghosts by William Castle . It follows the remake of another one of Castle 's films , House on Haunted Hill , and was shot entirely around Lower Mainland , British Columbia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "764fc3b20b5e5ebcaa879e781008bada", "text": "The Doctor's Horrible Experiment The Doctor 's Horrible Experiment ( Le Testament du docteur Cordelier ) is a 1959 French black-and-white television film directed by Jean Renoir . The film is a retelling of the novella Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson set in 1950s France . Jean-Louis Barrault plays Dr. Cordelier/Opale , the substitute for Dr. Jekyll/Hyde character ; the film is also known for its visual style that is far above the normal television programs of the 1950s .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e8ed48af378eb50efbbb983eb00cbbe3	The 84th Academy Awards' winners included Beginners.	[ { "docid": "77e51fcb9fbbd0aa83ea65b0599b3fc2", "text": "84th Academy Awards The 84th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2011 in the United States and took place on February 26 , 2012 , at the Hollywood and Highland Center Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST. . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Brian Grazer and Don Mischer , with Mischer also serving as director . Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the ninth time . He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 76th ceremony held in 2004 . On June 14 , 2011 , Academy president Tom Sherak announced at a press conference that , in an attempt to further revitalize interest surrounding the awards , the 2012 ceremony would feature between five and ten Best Picture nominees depending on voting results , as opposed to a set number of nominees . In related events , the Academy held its third annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 12 , 2011 . On February 11 , 2012 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Milla Jovovich . The Artist won five awards , including Best Actor for Jean Dujardin , Best Director for Michel Hazanavicius , and Best Picture , the first silent feature to win an Academy Award for Best Picture since 1927 's Wings , the inaugural winner in 1929 . Other winners included Hugo also with five awards , The Iron Lady with two awards , and Beginners , The Descendants , The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo , The Help , Midnight in Paris , The Muppets , Rango , Saving Face , A Separation , The Shore , and Undefeated with one . The telecast garnered more than 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "eb2600832a8a97147111f4517a8fb164", "text": "8th Academy Awards The 8th Academy Awards were held on March 5 , 1936 , at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles , California . They were hosted by Frank Capra . This was the first year in which the gold statuettes were called `` Oscars '' . The category of Best Dance Direction was introduced this year . The DGA successfully lobbied for its elimination three years later . Mutiny on the Bounty became the last film to date to win Best Picture and nothing else ( following The Broadway Melody and Grand Hotel ) , and the only film to receive three nominations for Best Actor . This was the second and last year that write-in votes were allowed at the Oscars . A Midsummer Night 's Dream became the only film to win a write-in Oscar , taking Best Cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0576d9fccbb409e32f5e22cddbabbb03", "text": "Amateur film Amateur film is the low-budget hobbyist art of film practiced for passion and enjoyment and not for business purposes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e9b16234680b33ed4b4c704228eb9d", "text": "Rehearsal A rehearsal is an activity in the performing arts that occurs as preparation for a performance in music , theatre , dance and related arts , such as opera , musical theatre and film production . It is undertaken as a form of practising , to ensure that all details of the subsequent performance are adequately prepared and coordinated . The term `` rehearsal '' typically refers to ensemble activities undertaken by a group of people . For example , when a musician is preparing a piano concerto alone in their music studio , this is called `` practicing '' , but when they begin to practice the concerto with an orchestra , this activity is called a `` rehearsal '' . The music rehearsal takes place in a music rehearsal space . A rehearsal may involve as few as two people , as with a small play for two actors , an art song performance by a singer and a pianist or a folk music duo of a singer and a guitar player . On the other end of the spectrum , a rehearsal can be held for a very large orchestra with over 100 performers and a choir . A rehearsal can involve only performers of one type , as in an a cappella choir show , in which a group of singers perform without instrumental accompaniment or a play involving only theatre actors ; it can involve performers of different instruments , as with an orchestra , rock band or jazz `` big band '' ; vocal and instrumental performers , as with opera and choral works accompanied by orchestra ; or a mix of actors , vocalists , instrumentalists and dancers , as with musical theatre . Rehearsals of small groups of performers , such as small rock bands , jazz quartets or organ trios may be held without a leader ; in these cases , the performers themselves jointly determine how to run the rehearsal , which songs to practice , and so on . Some small groups may have their rehearsals led by a bandleader . Almost all mid - to large group performances have a person who leads the rehearsals ; this person may be a bandleader in a rock , country or jazz setting ; a conductor in classical music ( including in opera ) ; a director in theatre or musical theatre ; or a film director for movie rehearsals . While the term is most commonly used in the performing arts to refer to preparation for a public presentation or show , the term is also used to refer to the preparation for other anticipated activities , such as wedding guests and couples practicing a wedding ceremony , paramedics practicing responding to a simulated emergency , or army troops practicing for an attack using a mock-up of the building they will be assaulting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09abceec74f53eab1373fd9ff04dbfdf", "text": "Beginner Beginner may refer to : Beginners ( Raymond Carver ) , title given to the manuscript version of Raymond Carver 's 1981 short story collection What We Talk About When We Talk About Love Beginners , a 2010 drama film written and directed by Mike Mills Beginner ( band ) , a German rap group `` Beginner '' ( song ) , a song by Japanese idol girl group AKB48", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f6824ea1eab85c21438c65f7b681406", "text": "List of film awards This is a list of groups , organizations and festivals that recognize achievements in cinema , usually by awarding various prizes . The awards sometimes also have popular unofficial names ( such as the ` Oscar ' for Hollywood 's Academy Awards ) , which are mentioned if applicable . Many awards are simply identified by the name of the group presenting the award . Awards have been divided into four major categories : Critics ' Awards , voted on ( usually annually ) by a group of critics ; Festival Awards , awards presented to the best film shown in a particular film festival ; Industry Awards , which are selected by professionals working in some branch of the movie industry ; and Audience Awards , which are voted by the general public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09551e69ac34e60adae141376a84bd37", "text": "List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film The 66th Academy Awards , which were held on March 21 , 1994 , saw 35 countries submit films for competition in the Best Foreign Language Film category . The Academy had initially invited 57 countries to send their best films , and the submission deadline was set on November 22 , 1993 . While the rules were basically unchanged , the applications for the 66th Academy Awards included a new form requesting information about the nationalities of the film 's creative team , due to the controversy that had led to the disqualification of A Place in the World at the 65th Academy Awards . The bolded titles were the five nominated films , which came from Hong Kong , Spain , Taiwan , the United Kingdom and Vietnam . It was the first time that the majority of the nominees in this category came from outside Europe ( it happened again in 1997 , 2006 and 2011 ) and is the only time when there have been three Asian nominees . Vietnam made history by becoming the only Southeast Asian country ever to be nominated in this category ( accurate as of 2013 ) . The prize was ultimately awarded to Spain for the romantic comedy , Belle Epoque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45f4f5334cadaf1d57b672a7bed1c9a", "text": "Grammy Award for Video of the Year The Grammy Award for Video of the Year was an honor presented to recording artists at the 24th Grammy Awards in 1982 and the 25th Grammy Awards in 1983 for music videos . The Grammy Awards , an annual ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' . First presented in 1982 to Michael Nesmith for Elephant Parts , the award was reserved for quality `` video cassettes or discs in any format created specifically for the home video market '' . In 1983 , Olivia Newton-John was presented the award for Olivia Physical . Beginning with the 1984 Grammy Awards , the Video of the Year award category was replaced with the categories Best Video , Short Form and Best Video Album ( now known as Best Music Video and Best Music Film , respectively ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec681dca20cecebf70bb5cb65c683a49", "text": "Ace (baseball) In baseball , an ace is the best starting pitcher on a team and nearly always the first pitcher in the team 's starting rotation . Barring injury or exceptional circumstances , an ace typically starts on Opening Day . In addition , aces are usually preferred to start crucial playoff games , sometimes on three days rest . The term may be a derivation of the nickname of Asa Brainard , ( real first name : `` Asahel '' ) , a 19th-century star pitcher , who was sometimes referred to as `` Ace '' . In the early days of baseball , the term `` ace '' was used to refer to a run . A lot of modern baseball analysts and fans have started using the term `` ace '' to refer to the elite pitchers in the game , not necessarily to the best starting pitcher on each team . For example , the April 27 , 1981 Sports Illustrated cover was captioned `` The Amazing A 's and Their Five Aces '' to describe the starting rotation of the 1981 Oakland Athletics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55a7d015872d39d71a3ba6e38d4e355e", "text": "Black Reel Awards The Black Reel Awards , or `` BRAs '' , is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film ( FAAAF ) to recognize excellence in African-American , as well as those of African diaspora 's cinematic achievements in the around the world film industry as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette , officially called the Black Reel Award . The awards , first presented in 2000 in Washington , DC , are overseen by FAAAF . The awards ceremony was initially awarded online their first two years before the first live show in 2002 . The awards have broadcast to radio since 2014 . Currently , the Black Reel Awards is the oldest cinema-exclusive awards ceremony for African-Americans . The 16th Annual Black Reel Awards ceremony was held on February 18 , 2016 . A total of 315 Black Reel Awards have been presented since the inception of the award through the 16th .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43a9f64e7369cf40ecc667c89638f07d", "text": "Willamette Ballet Academy Willamette Ballet Academy is the only ballet school in the small town of Woodburn , Oregon . It was founded in 1982 by Rick and Deborah van Winkle ( now known as Deborah Higginbotham ) . Classes are structured in accordance to the Vaganova and Cecchetti ballet techniques . The academy provides a serious program for pre-professionals and also serves the recreational student . It has through its outreach program , reached thousands of people with lecture demonstrations in the schools , free performances , and scholarships for students in need . Students from Willamette Ballet Academy have been accepted at all the major ballet schools , many with full scholarships : Schools of New York City Ballet , Joffrey Ballet , San Francisco Ballet , Royal Ballet , Martha Graham , Pacific Ballet Theatre , Eugene Ballet , Houston Ballet , Ballet Magnificat , Oregon Ballet Theater , Pacific Northwest Ballet , Universal Ballet , Goh Academy , Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre , and American Ballet Theatre ( NY ) . Its dancers have gone on to professional careers in dance , musical comedy , and theater . In 2004 , Willamette Ballet Academy student Adrianne Newton was chosen Oregon 's Best Dancer by American Dance Awards . Willamette Ballet was once listed in the 100 Things to Do and See in Woodburn , and was featured article in the ` Living ' section of the `` Oregonian '' newspaper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96fed149591ca6f0cff27eb1f1498bd", "text": "List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive . Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture . At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1237848ecacbeb90284cf4766b03d4cf", "text": "Magic for Beginners (collection) Magic for Beginners is a collection of nine works of fantasy and light horror short fiction by Kelly Link . The stories were all previously published in other venues from 2002 to 2005 . The book won the 2006 Locus Award for best short story collection . The title story , `` Magic for Beginners '' , won the 2006 Nebula Award and 2006 Locus Award for best novella , and the 2006 British SF Award for best short fiction . Another story in the book , `` The Faery Handbag '' , won the 2005 Hugo Award for Best Novelette , the 2006 Nebula Award , and the 2005 Locus Award for best novelette .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fef24d763f685ed1634ad089e037c11a", "text": "Top Gun Top Gun is a 1986 American romantic military action drama film directed by Tony Scott , and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer , in association with Paramount Pictures . The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps , Jr. , and was inspired by an article titled `` Top Guns '' published in California magazine three years earlier . The film stars Tom Cruise , Kelly McGillis , Val Kilmer , Anthony Edwards , and Tom Skerritt . Cruise plays Lieutenant Pete `` Maverick '' Mitchell , a young Naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier . He and his Radar Intercept Officer ( RIO ) Nick `` Goose '' Bradshaw ( Edwards ) are given the chance to train at the Navy 's Fighter Weapons School at Miramar in San Diego . Top Gun was released on May 16 , 1986 . Upon its release , the film received generally mixed reviews from film critics but many particularly praised the action sequences , the effects , the aerial stunts , and the acting performances with Cruise and McGillis receiving the most praise . Four weeks after release , the number of theaters showing it increased by 45 % . Despite its initial mixed critical reaction , the film was a huge commercial hit grossing $ 356 million against a production budget of only $ 15 million . With its success , the film became a cult film over the years and earned an IMAX 3D re-release in 2013 . Additionally , the film won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` Take My Breath Away '' performed by Berlin . In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3f56123540da179ece607c09c505eb", "text": "48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . ) Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 . French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation . At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 . Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57fa02595e2d219579ab7e8c4afddfd8", "text": "52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis . Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5349efb37d6a05cec1e9202ce515c28", "text": "List of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film This is a list of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film every year since the award was created in 1956 . The award is presented annually by the Academy to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Nine shortlisted contenders will be revealed a week before the announcement of the Oscar nominations . The submitted motion pictures must be first released theatrically in their respective countries between 1 October 2011 , and 30 September 2012 . On 8 October 2012 , the Academy announced the final list of eligible submissions , with a record number of 71 films . Nine finalists were announced in December 2012 , which were shortlisted in January , with the final five nominees announced on 10 January 2013 . The Austrian entry Amour directed by Michael Haneke was the eventual winner . Kenya submitted its first film in the Foreign Language category with Nairobi Half Life . Cambodia made its first submission in 18 years ( and its second overall ) with Lost Loves .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2d2bd6b37cc4c4fbc78fda1abac2beeb	Michael Keaton was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor.	[ { "docid": "3f5ee136bd3d47b6aaebce48f6977c91", "text": "Michael Keaton Michael John Douglas ( born September 5 , 1951 ) , known professionally as Michael Keaton , is an American actor , producer and director . He first rose to fame for his comedic film roles in Night Shift ( 1982 ) , Mr. Mom ( 1983 ) , Johnny Dangerously ( 1984 ) and Beetlejuice ( 1988 ) , and he earned further acclaim for his dramatic portrayal of the title character in Tim Burton 's Batman ( 1989 ) and Batman Returns ( 1992 ) . Since then , he has appeared in a variety of films ranging from dramas and romantic comedies to thriller and action films ; such as Clean and Sober ( 1988 ) , The Dream Team ( 1989 ) , Pacific Heights ( 1990 ) , Much Ado About Nothing ( 1993 ) , My Life ( 1993 ) , The Paper ( 1994 ) , Multiplicity ( 1996 ) , Jackie Brown ( 1997 ) , Herbie : Fully Loaded ( 2005 ) , The Other Guys ( 2010 ) , Need for Speed ( 2014 ) , RoboCop ( 2014 ) , Spotlight ( 2015 ) and The Founder ( 2016 ) , and he has also provided voices for characters in animated films such as Cars ( 2006 ) , Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) and Minions ( 2015 ) . In 2017 , Keaton will play the role of Marvel Comics supervillain the Vulture in Spider-Man : Homecoming . Keaton 's lead performance in Birdman or ( The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance ) ( 2014 ) earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy , the Critics ' Choice Award for Best Actor and Best Actor in a Comedy , and nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award , British Academy Film Award , and Academy Award for Best Actor . He previously received a Golden Globe Award nomination for his performance in Live from Baghdad ( 2002 ) and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for The Company ( 2007 ) . Keaton was awarded a Career Achievement Award from both the Hollywood Film Festival and Zurich Film Festivals . On January 18 , 2016 , he was named Officer of Order of Arts and Letters in France . He is also a visiting scholar at Carnegie Mellon University . </span>", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9924f378e29c2ba9ce82e2972ecdcaa2", "text": "List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has had occurrences of actors and actresses nominated for two different Academy Awards in acting categories in a single year , with the first instance in 1938 . Provided that they receive enough votes from the Academy in both categories to earn a nomination , there are no restrictions on actors being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor or actresses being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in any given year . The sole rule with regard to multiple nominations is that an actor or actress can not receive multiple nominations for the same performance . This rule was introduced in 1944 after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor nomination and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way . As of 2015 , 11 actors and actresses have been nominated for two different Academy Awards in the same year . The first of these actors and actresses was Fay Bainter , who received nominations for her performances in White Banners and Jezebel at the 11th Academy Awards . The most recent occurrence was during the 80th Academy Awards , in which Cate Blanchett received nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There . Seven of these actors and actresses received an Academy Award in one of the categories they were nominated in , and none have won two Academy Awards in the same year . Four did not receive an Academy Award in either category : Sigourney Weaver ( nominations for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl ) , Emma Thompson ( nominations for The Remains of the Day and In the Name of the Father ) , Julianne Moore ( nominations for Far from Heaven and The Hours ) , and Cate Blanchett ( nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3f56123540da179ece607c09c505eb", "text": "48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . ) Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 . French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation . At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 . Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcb15007bd77b150cbccfe2a3492d329", "text": "National Board of Review: Top Ten Films The following is a list of the Top 10 Films chosen annually by the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures , beginning in 1929 . From 1968 till 2005 , 29 times the NBR chose the film that would go on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture as Best Film . Twelve of these times , the film selected was number one on the NBR 's list for that year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85a3598390898602a16d88053197470a", "text": "Michael Steinore Michael Steinore ( 1901 -- February 19 , 1961 ) was an American sound engineer . He won an Academy Award for Best Special Effects and was nominated for two more in the same category . He worked on more than 60 films during his career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76418e87523813427311aa775fe1d16f", "text": "Golden Eagle Award for Best Leading Actor (Russia) The Golden Eagle Award for Best Leading Actor is one of twenty award categories presented annually by the National Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences of Russia . It is one of the Golden Eagle Awards , which were conceived by Nikita Mikhalkov as a counterweight to the Nika Award established in 1987 by the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Sciences . Each year the members of the academy choose three leading actors and the film as a perception . The first actor to be awarded was Viktor Bychkov for the film The Cuckoo . The most recent award was made to Aleksandr Zbruyev for Film About Alekseyev . Sergei Garmash is the most successful artists , winning twice out of three nominations . Other noteworthy actors who were nominated at least twice are Fedor Bondarchuk , Nikita Mikhalkov , Aleksei Petrenko , Danila Kozlovsky , Vladimir Mashkov , Yevgeny Mironov , Bohdan Stupka , Viktor Sukhorukov and Aleksandr Baluev .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff5955b716c5c613c98172bf00da6d6f", "text": "Limelight (1952 film) Limelight is a 1952 comedy-drama film written , produced , and directed by Charlie Chaplin . Unlike his earlier films , the score was composed by Chaplin and arranged by Ray Rasch , marking this as the first film that he did not musically arrange . The film stars Chaplin as a washed-up comedian who saves a suicidal dancer from killing herself , played by Claire Bloom , and both try to get through life ; additional roles are provided by Nigel Bruce , Sydney Chaplin as Sydney Earl Chaplin , Wheeler Dryden , and Norman Lloyd with an appearance from Buster Keaton . In dance scenes , Bloom is doubled by Melissa Hayden . Upon the film 's release , critics ' reception was divided ; it was heavily boycotted in the United States , and commercially failed . However , the film was re-released the United States in 1972 which included its first screening in Los Angeles . This allowed the decades-old film to be in contention for the 45th Academy Awards where Chaplin won his only competitive Academy Award . Today , the film is sometimes regarded as one of Chaplin 's best and most personal works , and has since attained a cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8b8a16a497a5c5648f8a46ae9aeae39", "text": "Speak Easily Speak Easily is a 1932 American Pre-Code comedy film starring Buster Keaton , Jimmy Durante , and Thelma Todd , and directed by Edward Sedgwick . The studio also paired Keaton and Durante as a comedy team during this period in The Passionate Plumber and What ! No Beer ? Keaton later used many of the physical gags he created for this film later when he wrote ( uncredited ) gags for the Marx Brothers ' A Night At The Opera .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1977161d2abf4bb37bb286b2653a7ec6", "text": "Bosom Friends Bosom Friends is a 1934 American short film produced by E. W. Hammons . It was nominated for an Academy Award at the 7th Academy Awards in 1934 for Best Short Subject ( Novelty ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57fa02595e2d219579ab7e8c4afddfd8", "text": "52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis . Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e7168eec4184920e3e7479e5a85214d", "text": "Jack Oakie Jack Oakie ( November 12 , 1903 -- January 23 , 1978 ) was an American actor , starring mostly in films , but also working on stage , radio and television . He is best remembered for portraying Napaloni in Chaplin 's The Great Dictator ( 1940 ) , receiving a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e83fa88cab067a683d5a8f5c3b7e0a6", "text": "25th Golden Globe Awards The 25th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best achievements in 1967 , were held on 12 February 1968 . 25th Golden Globe Awards February 12 , 1968 Film - Drama : In The Heat of the Night Film - Musical or Comedy : The Graduate TV Show : Mission : Impossible", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3ec9d899eca67259ed9f51856f87b4f", "text": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 . Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated . Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees . Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8397e96c95cfae3f927024373474f7da", "text": "Shoot the Moon Shoot the Moon is a 1982 drama film directed by Alan Parker , written by Bo Goldman and starring Albert Finney and Diane Keaton , in their Golden Globe-nominated performances . The film also features Peter Weller , Karen Allen and Dana Hill . The film was entered into the 1982 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "812fbdc51bf5e16f4552a1045e264bad", "text": "Moscow Moods Moscow Moods is a 1936 American short film directed by Fred Waller . It was nominated for an Academy Award at the 9th Academy Awards in 1936 for Best Short Subject ( One-Reel ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c52d51109c9c5bdf380ddb395113505", "text": "29th Golden Globe Awards The 29th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best in film and television for 1971 films , were held on February 6 , 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0aaeda5ada48bd88e96aed2ec807dea0", "text": "John Michael King John Michael King ( May 13 , 1926 -- August 17 , 2008 ) was an American actor most often associated with his roles in musical theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6b83a04e1f385bcd60e73bed81d1a6ad	Newcastle United F.C. is well-known around the world.	[ { "docid": "3572ff3ce7d4ae85dcefaac4df32d0eb", "text": "Newcastle United F.C. Newcastle United Football Club is an English professional association football club based in Newcastle upon Tyne , that will play in the Premier League , the top tier of English football , after winning the Championship title in 2017 . Newcastle United was founded in 1892 by the merger of Newcastle East End and Newcastle West End , and has played at its current home ground , St James ' Park , ever since . The ground was developed into an all-seater stadium in the mid-1990s and now has a capacity of 52,354 . The club has been a member of the Premier League for all but three years of the competition 's history , spending 85 seasons in the top tier as of May 2016 , and has never dropped below English football 's second tier since joining the Football League in 1893 . They have won four League Championship titles , six FA Cups and a Charity Shield , as well as the 1969 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup . Newcastle United has the ninth highest total of trophies won by an English club . The club 's most successful period was between 1904 and 1910 , when they won an FA Cup and three of their First Division titles . The club were highly successful in the Premier League in the 1990s and early 2000s without winning any trophies , but have been mostly struggling since the 2006 -- 07 season , and were relegated in 2009 and 2016 . Newcastle has a fierce local rivalry with Sunderland , and the two clubs have engaged in the Tyne -- Wear derby since 1898 . The club 's traditional kit colours are black and white striped shirts , black shorts and black socks . Their traditional crest takes elements of the city coat of arms , which features two grey seahorses . The club has been owned by Mike Ashley since 2007 , succeeding long term chairman and owner Sir John Hall . The club is the seventeenth highest revenue producing club in the world in terms of annual revenue , generating $ 169.3 m in 2015 . Historically , Newcastle 's highest placing was in 1999 when they were the fifth highest revenue producing football club in the world , and second in England only behind Manchester United .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4254f9a931a4006e455951e9f87551fc", "text": "1950–51 FA Cup The 1950 -- 51 FA Cup was the 70th season of the world 's oldest football cup competition , the Football Association Challenge Cup , commonly known as the FA Cup . Newcastle United won the competition for the fourth time , beating Blackpool 2 -- 0 in the final at Wembley , London . Matches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round , which was always a Saturday . If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played , a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week . If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined . If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay , a 30-minute period of extra time would be played .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b158bca6ae574c22e5f06797dec03ba", "text": "UEFA The Union of European Football Associations ( UEFA , -LSB- juːˈeɪfə -RSB- Union des Associations Européennes de Football ) Vereinigung Europäischer Fußballverbände ) is the administrative body for association football in Europe , although several member states are primarily or entirely located in Asia . It is one of six continental confederations of world football 's governing body FIFA . UEFA consists of 55 national association members . UEFA represents the national football associations of Europe , runs nation and club competitions including the UEFA European Championship , UEFA Champions League , UEFA Europa League , and UEFA Super Cup , and controls the prize money , regulations , and media rights to those competitions . Until 1959 the main headquarters were located in Paris , and later in Bern . In 1995 , UEFA headquarters were transferred to Nyon , Switzerland . Henri Delaunay was the first general secretary and Ebbe Schwartz the first president . The current president is Aleksander Čeferin , a former Football Association of Slovenia president , who was elected as UEFA 's seventh president at the 12th Extraordinary UEFA Congress in Athens in September 2016 , and automatically became a vice-president of the world body FIFA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e46e961cd0f26d7f2aacfe3a5f7d36b0", "text": "Tyne–Wear derby The Tyne-Wear derby , also known as the North East derby and the Wear-Tyne derby is a local derby between the association football clubs Sunderland and Newcastle United . The derby is an inter-city rivalry in North East England with the two cities of Sunderland and Newcastle just twelve miles apart . Sunderland play their home matches at the Stadium of Light whilst Newcastle play their home matches at St. James ' Park . The first meeting of the two sides took place in 1883 , with the first competitive fixture being an 1888 FA Cup tie , which Sunderland won 2 -- 1 . To date , both teams have won the fixture 53 times , whilst sharing 49 draws -- one of which Sunderland went on to win via a penalty shootout . Sunderland have dominated the Tyne -- Wear derby in recent seasons . They are currently undefeated in the last nine matches between the local rivals , including six consecutive victories from 14 April 2013 to 25 October 2015 . The most recent meeting of the two sides , on the 20th March 2016 , was a Premier League match at the St James ' Park and ended in a 1 -- 1 draw , with Jermain Defoe opening the scoring for Sunderland before Aleksandar Mitrovic equalised for Newcastle . Yann M'Vila , who has played in both games , describes it as bigger than the Milan derby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5933919f469a4775fd39d6e3028ea926", "text": "List of Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. records and statistics Wolverhampton Wanderers Football Club is an English football club based in Wolverhampton . The club was founded as St Luke 's in 1877 , soon becoming Wolverhampton Wanderers , before being a founder member of the Football League in 1888 . Since that time , the club has played in all four professional divisions of the English football pyramid , and been champions of all these levels . They have also been involved in European football , having been one of the first English clubs to enter the European Cup , as well as reaching the final of the first staging of the UEFA Cup . This list encompasses all honours won by Wolverhampton Wanderers and records set by the club , their managers and their players . The player records section includes details of the club 's leading goalscorers and those who have made most appearances in first-team competitions , as well as transfer fee records paid and received by the club . A list of streaks recording all elements of the game ( wins , losses , clean sheets , etc. ) is also presented .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3dc6271e0d41965bc4fb99457691a02e", "text": "Gateshead F.C. Gateshead Football Club is a professional football club based in Gateshead , Tyne and Wear , England . Established in 1977 after Gateshead United folded , they are currently members of the and play at the International Stadium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc50f8c791b7a63beecaacb1313ed5d0", "text": "CONCACAF The Confederation of North , Central America and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF , -LSB- ˈkɒn.kəkæf -RSB- ) is the continental governing body for association football in North America , that includes Central America and the Caribbean regions . Three South American entities -- the independent nations of Guyana and Suriname and the French department of French Guiana -- are also members . CONCACAF 's primary functions are to organize competitions for national teams and clubs , and to conduct Men 's World Cup and Women 's World Cup qualifying tournaments . CONCACAF was founded in its current form on 18 September 1961 in Mexico City , Mexico , with the merger of the NAFC and the CCCF , which made it one of the then five , now six continental confederations affiliated with FIFA . Canada , Costa Rica , Cuba , El Salvador , Guatemala , Haiti , Honduras , Mexico , Netherlands Antilles ( Curaçao ) , Nicaragua , Panama , Suriname and United States were founding members . CONCACAF is the third-most successful FIFA confederation . Mexico dominated CONCACAF men 's competition early on and has since won the most Gold Cups since the beginning of the tournament in its current format . The Mexican national team is the only CONCACAF team to win an official FIFA tournament by winning the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup . They have also reached the Round of 16 for the past 6 World Cups . While the U.S. is the only country outside of Europe and South America to receive a medal in the World Cup , finishing third in 1930 , they also reached the 2002 World Cup quarterfinals and the 2009 Confederations Cup final . Between them , Mexico and the U.S. have won all but one of the editions of the CONCACAF Gold Cup . In recent years Costa Rica has become a power in the region and in 2014 became the 4th CONCACAF country after the United States , Cuba , and Mexico to make the World Cup quarterfinals . The United States has been very successful in the women 's game , being the only CONCACAF member to win all three major worldwide competitions in women 's football -- the World Cup ( 3 ) , the Olympics ( 4 ) , and the Algarve Cup ( 10 ) . Canada is the only other member to win at least one of the major competitions , winning the Algarve Cup in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02788ca0ed30a09e3fa97546dbe002e2", "text": "Newcastle Thunder Newcastle Thunder R.L.F.C. is a professional rugby league club based in Newcastle upon Tyne , England . They play in the Kingstone Press League 1 competition , the third tier of rugby league in the United Kingdom . They play their home matches at Kingston Park , also home to rugby union side Newcastle Falcons . Newcastle is the only professional rugby league club in North East England . The club was founded in 2000 as Gateshead Thunder as a replacement for the original Gateshead Thunder club that had merged into Hull F.C. after one season in the Super League . The club have won one trophy during their run , the 2008 National League 2 championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72c55ae57ebc2cade78aa69c533affef", "text": "Kenny Dalglish Kenneth Mathieson Dalglish , MBE ( born 4 March 1951 ) is a Scottish former footballer and manager . In a career spanning 22 years , he played for Celtic and Liverpool , winning numerous honours with both . He is Scotland 's most capped player of all time with 102 appearances , and also Scotland 's joint-leading goal scorer , with 30 goals . Dalglish won the Ballon d'Or Silver Award in 1983 , the PFA Player of the Year in 1983 , and the FWA Footballer of the Year in 1979 and 1983 . In 2009 FourFourTwo named Dalglish as the greatest striker in post-war British football , and in 2006 he topped a Liverpool fans ' poll of `` 100 Players Who Shook the Kop '' . He has been inducted into both the Scottish and English Football Halls of Fame . Dalglish began his career with Celtic in 1971 , going on to win four Scottish First Divisions , four Scottish Cups and one Scottish League Cup with the club . In 1977 , Liverpool manager Bob Paisley paid a British transfer record of # 440,000 ( # today ) to bring Dalglish to Liverpool . His years at Liverpool were among the club 's most successful periods , as he won six Football League First Divisions , two FA Cups , four League Cups , seven FA Charity Shields , three European Cups and one UEFA Super Cup . For these achievements and his style of play he was given the name King Kenny by Liverpool supporters . Dalglish became player-manager of Liverpool in 1985 after the resignation of Joe Fagan , winning a further three First Divisions , two FA Cups and four FA Charity Shields , before resigning from Liverpool in 1991 . Eight months later Dalglish made a return to football management with Blackburn Rovers , whom he led from the Second Division to win the Premier League in 1995 . Soon afterwards he stepped down as Blackburn manager to become Director of Football at the club , before leaving altogether in 1996 . In January 1997 Dalglish took over as manager at Newcastle United . Newcastle finished runners-up in both the Premier League and FA Cup during his first season , but they could only finish 13th in 1997 -- 98 , which led to his dismissal the following season . Dalglish went on to be appointed Director of Football at Celtic in 1999 , and later manager , where he won the Scottish League Cup before an acrimonious departure the following year . Between 2000 and 2010 Dalglish focused on charitable concerns , founding The Marina Dalglish Appeal with his wife to raise money for cancer care . In January 2011 Dalglish was appointed Liverpool 's caretaker manager after the dismissal of Roy Hodgson , becoming the permanent manager in May 2011 . Despite winning the League Cup which earned them a place in the Europa League and reaching the FA Cup Final , Liverpool could only finish 8th in the Premier League , and Dalglish was dismissed in May 2012 . In October 2013 , Dalglish returned to Anfield as a non-executive director . On 3 May 2017 , it was announced that in recognition of Dalglish 's contribution to the club and community , the stadium 's Centenary Stand was to be renamed the Kenny Dalglish Stand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "340b250a705b919e45da47d1f429ceba", "text": "1986–87 Manchester United F.C. season The 1986 -- 87 season was Manchester United 's 85th season in the Football League , and their 12th consecutive season in the top division of English football . The pressure on manager Ron Atkinson after last season 's failed title challenge remained strong after United lost their opening three games of the season , and despite some decent results in the following few weeks , United bowed out of the League Cup in a fourth round replay defeat at Southampton , prompting the dismissal of Atkinson on 6 November 1986 after more than five years in charge . Alex Ferguson was confirmed as Atkinson 's successor within hours , recruited from Scottish side Aberdeen , where he had enjoyed considerable success in the previous seven years . United recovered well in the league after his appointment and finished 11th , managing to scratch up some impressive results including winning both of their league clashes with Liverpool ( results which helped deprive Kenny Dalglish 's side of the league title ) , a 4 -- 1 home win over Newcastle United on New Year 's Day 1987 , a 2 -- 0 home win over a resurgent Arsenal and a 2 -- 0 win at Old Trafford in the Manchester derby which helped push City towards relegation . Their win at Liverpool also made them the only team to win at Liverpool in the league all season . However , United were prevented from finishing even higher in the league by a few disappointing results after Ferguson 's arrival , beginning with a 2 -- 0 defeat in their first game under Ferguson at Oxford United , losing both of their clashes with newly promoted Wimbledon , being beaten at Old Trafford by Norwich City just after Christmas and suffering a 4 -- 0 defeat at Tottenham near the end of the season , although by the time of the Tottenham game it was mathematically impossible for United to either win the title or suffer relegation ( there was no prospect of European qualification due to the ongoing ban on English clubs in Europe following the Heysel disaster two years earlier ) . United also failed to win any another away games in the league apart from the visit to Liverpool on Boxing Day . United 's improvement under Ferguson during the season was achieved without making any major signings , although it was widely expected that he would spend heavily on new players during the 1987 close season . He went on to pay Celtic # 850,000 for high-scoring striker Brian McClair . He strengthened the defence by paying Arsenal # 250,000 for experienced full-back Viv Anderson . Unsuccessful bids were also made for several other players : Ferguson expressed an interest in bringing striker Mark Hateley back to England from Milan , but the player opted to remain overseas and signed for AS Monaco instead . He also made a bid to bring Peter Beardsley back to the club from Newcastle United , but the England international forward instead joined Liverpool for a British record fee . Ferguson was offered the chance to sign Watford winger John Barnes , but declined to make an approach for the player due to his faith in Jesper Olsen in the same position .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3696bb502bfee7512acad8c67bee208d", "text": "Mike Ashley (businessman) Michael James Wallace `` Mike '' Ashley ( born 9 September 1964 ) is an English billionaire retail entrepreneur in the sporting goods market . He is also the owner of Newcastle United after paying around # 135 million to buy the club . Ranked 15th ( in Britain only ) in the 2012 version of Forbes magazine with estimated wealth of # 1.5 billion , Ashley was seen as an intensely private person , who never attended industry functions or gave interviews . Philip Beresford , who compiles the annual Sunday Times list , said neither he nor his staff have ever managed to contact Ashley , and in 2006 described him as `` easily Britain 's answer to the late Howard Hughes '' . Since Sports Direct International Plc went public , and his purchase of Newcastle United where he took to sitting in the stands with fans , Ashley took on a more public and accessible persona . However , after the departure of Kevin Keegan as manager and the club 's relegation , he has only made low key appearances when attending Newcastle matches . As of October 2014 , Ashley also owns an 8.92 % stake in Scottish football club Rangers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b1ad7838713b73bf540c4c6daf01b23", "text": "1981–82 British Home Championship The 1981-82 British Home Championship between the British Home Nations was won by a dominant England football team which won all three of its matches as the tournament returned after being abandoned in 1981 due to civil disturbances in Northern Ireland . The championship was eagerly awaited because for the first time since 1958 , three of the Home Nations were featuring in a World Cup ; the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain and this was a chance to see them in competitive action before the World Cup began . The end-of-season format that had been used throughout the 1970s was dropped as it was felt three games in eight days was too intense at the end of a season and prior to a World Cup . The English began impressively with a heavy victory over Northern Ireland at home , followed by victory away in Wales . The Scots could only manage a draw with the disappointing Irish by contrast although they did beat Wales . The Welsh managed to salvage a result in their third game with a 3 -- 0 defeat of Northern Ireland to claim third place . In the final deciding match in Glasgow , England edged victory through a Paul Mariner goal and thus claimed the championship . In the World Cup , Scotland were eliminated in the first round whilst England went out in the second round without losing a game . The unfancied Irish however provided a shock by beating hosts Spain and eliminating Yugoslavia in the first round before falling victim to the inspired French in round two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e979806df9a9af0cb1108f488955f9d", "text": "Football in Ivory Coast Football is a popular sport in Côte d'Ivoire . The national team won the Africa Cup of Nations in Senegal in 1992 . In 2006 they participated in the 2006 World Cup in Germany . The youth national teams have also done well in world championships , and the clubs from Côte d'Ivoire have won several continental titles . Among famous players from the country are Kolo Touré of Liverpool , Chelsea striker and former national team captain , Didier Drogba , Wilfried Bony and Yaya Touré of Manchester City , Gervinho and Seydou Doumbia of Roma , and Salomon Kalou of Hertha Berlin . The Ivory Coast national team won a second African cup of nations in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fe0f0b53e76d7765dd39aa4d9791c8a", "text": "1995–96 Newcastle United F.C. season During the 1995 -- 96 football season , English club Newcastle United participated in the Premier League , finishing in second place . An explosive start to the season saw Newcastle storm to the top of the Premier League table . At Christmas 1995 they held a lead of 10 points , which stretched to 12 points in mid-January 1996 . However , a run of five defeats from eight matches enabled Manchester United to catch up and overtake them in March , and Newcastle ultimately finished four points behind Alex Ferguson 's team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e52480ff30a7e7f1c7f47f68dc614c2", "text": "1979–80 Manchester United F.C. season The 1979 -- 80 season was Manchester United 's 78th season in the Football League , and their fifth consecutive season in the top division of English football . They finished the season second in the league , just two points behind champions Liverpool , and qualified for the 1980 -- 81 UEFA Cup . It was the first season at the club for new midfielder Ray Wilkins , signed in the 1979 close season for a club record fee of # 750,000 . However , United had gained a reputation for playing generally dull football under Sexton , and by the end of his third season as manager they had still yet to win a major trophy , as Liverpool ruled supreme in the English league .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7853a4d04447f8437f9226c1cad5779", "text": "Irving Nattrass Irving Nattrass ( born 20 December 1952 ) is an English former footballer who played as a midfielder for Newcastle and Middlesbrough Born in Fishburn , England Nattrass attended Ferryhill Grammar School and Signed with Newcastle at age 16 on an apprenticeship . As a youth player Irving lacked confidence and made slow progress within the club , even going so far as to look for employment elsewhere as a mechanic , however he soon found his stride and went on to sign professionally for the club in July 1970 aged 17 . A year later Irving went on to make his debut against Derby . The then Newcastle manager Joe Harvey once commented `` Nattrass is my Paul Madeley and I ca n't pay him a bigger compliment than that '' . Paul Madeley was a Leeds and England player who was dubbed the `` Rolls Royce '' of footballers . Hampered by injuries and disagreements with the Newcastle board he eventually moved to Middlesbrough for the sum of # 375,000 . Nattrass made his league debut for them against Arsenal on 15 September 1979 . Nattrass is now a successful businessman and keen golfer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3221ceeeaf94e07c2b4be745e705293", "text": "Darlington F.C. Darlington Football Club is an English football club based in Darlington , County Durham . They are members of the and play at Blackwell Meadows . The club was founded in 1883 , and played its matches at Feethams . The club originally played in regionally organised leagues , and were one of the founding members of the Northern League in 1889 . They were first admitted to the Football League when the Third Division North was formed in 1921 . They won the Third Division North title in 1925 , and their 15th place in the Second Division in 1926 remains their highest ever league finish . After their admission to the League , they spent most of their history in the bottom tier . They won the Third Division North Cup in 1934 , their first victory in nationally organised cup competition . They reached the last 16 of the FA Cup twice , and the quarter-final of the Football League Cup once , in 1968 . In the early 1990s they won successive titles , in the Conference National in 1990 and the Fourth Division in 1991 . In 2011 they won the FA Trophy , defeating Mansfield Town 1 -- 0 at Wembley Stadium . Darlington moved to the all-seater , 25,000-capacity Darlington Arena in 2003 . The cost of the stadium was a major factor in driving the club into administration . In May 2012 , the club was bought out of a period of administration without entering into a Creditors Voluntary Agreement ( CVA ) . The Football Association ruled that it should be treated as a new club , which required a change of playing name . The name chosen was Darlington 1883 , and that team was placed in the Northern League Division One , the ninth tier of English football , for the 2012 -- 13 season . They won three promotions in four seasons before the FA approved their request to revert to their traditional name . The club 's main rivals are Hartlepool United . The club 's traditional colours are black and white shirts , black shorts and black and white socks . The club 's crest depicts Locomotion No 1 , referring to the town 's railway history ; as well as a stylised Quaker hat , referring to the religious movement that had a historic influence on the town , and which was the source of the team 's nickname , the Quakers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8559b2d6acbd57b6c39e86a5f872e3b6", "text": "Rugby union Rugby union is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century . One of the two codes of rugby football , it is based on running with the ball in hand . In its most common form , a game is between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field with H-shaped goalposts on each try line . In 1845 , the first football laws were written by Rugby School pupils ; other significant events in the early development of rugby include the Blackheath Club 's decision to leave the Football Association in 1863 and the split between rugby union and rugby league in 1895 . Historically an amateur sport , in 1995 restrictions on payments to players were removed , making the game openly professional at the highest level for the first time . World Rugby , originally the International Rugby Football Board ( IRFB ) and from 1998 to 2014 the International Rugby Board ( IRB ) , has been the governing body for rugby union since 1886 . Rugby union spread from the Home Nations of Great Britain and Ireland , and was absorbed by many of the countries associated with the British Empire . Early exponents of the sport included Australia , New Zealand , South Africa and France . Countries that have adopted rugby union as their de facto national sport include Fiji , Georgia , Madagascar , New Zealand , Samoa , Tonga and Wales . Rugby union is played in over 100 countries across six continents ; there are 101 full members and 18 associate members of World Rugby . The Rugby World Cup , first held in 1987 , takes place every four years with the winner of the tournament receiving the Webb Ellis Cup . The Six Nations Championship in Europe and The Rugby Championship in the Southern Hemisphere are major annual competitions . Major domestic competitions include the Premiership Rugby in England , Top 14 in France , the Mitre 10 Cup in New Zealand , National Rugby Championship in Australia , and the Currie Cup in South Africa . Other transnational competitions include the Pro12 , involving Irish , Italian , Scottish and Welsh teams ; the European Rugby Champions Cup , involving the top European teams from their respective domestic competitions ; and Super Rugby , launched in 1996 with Australian , New Zealand and South African teams and since 2016 also including teams in Argentina and Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c5176f8dd43d08fd1f4af9bfbac1e3f", "text": "1994–95 Newcastle United F.C. season This article covers the squad and match results for the 1994 -- 95 season at the English football ( soccer ) club Newcastle United F.C. Newcastle United participated in the FA Premier League , finishing in 6th place .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e35b5a66dbae18af0a045d050616ae33", "text": "Victory International The term Victory International or Victory Internationals refers to two series of international football matches played by the national football teams of England , Scotland , Ireland and Wales at end of both the First and Second World Wars . The matches were organised to celebrate the Victory of the Allied Powers in both wars . The term specifically refers to those matches played after the conflicts were over , making them distinct from the wartime internationals which were played during the course of the wars . Among the games regarded as Victory Internationals were those played as part of the 1945 -- 46 British Victory Home Championship . The 1945 -- 46 season also saw England play Victory internationals against France , Switzerland and Belgium . Scotland also played the latter two national teams . The status of these internationals is open to debate . England , Ireland and Wales do not recognize any of these games as full internationals . Scotland , however , does list the games against Belgium and Switzerland as full internationals . Similarly Belgium , Switzerland and France all regard their Victory Internationals as full internationals .", "title": "" } ]	fever
978c264bf4f36fbd01cee09166475e43	Randy Orton has been unable to move his entire life.	[ { "docid": "699d5536b28721f5c692d1664bdf64b4", "text": "Randy Orton Randal Keith Orton ( born April 1 , 1980 ) is an American professional wrestler and actor . He is currently signed to WWE , where he performs on the SmackDown brand . Orton is a 13-time world champion . Orton has held the WWE Championship nine times ( eighth reign was as WWE World Heavyweight Champion ) and WWE 's World Heavyweight Championship four times , and was the final holder of the World Heavyweight Championship , which he unified with the WWE Championship to become the WWE World Heavyweight Champion . Orton is a third-generation professional wrestler ; his grandfather Bob Orton , Sr. , his father `` Cowboy '' Bob Orton , and his uncle Barry Orton all competed in the professional wrestling business . Before being promoted to the main World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) roster , Orton trained in and wrestled for Mid-Missouri Wrestling Association-Southern Illinois Conference Wrestling for a month . He was then sent to Ohio Valley Wrestling ( OVW ) , where he held the OVW Hardcore Championship twice . Orton became a member of the stable Evolution shortly after his WWE debut , which quickly led to an Intercontinental Championship reign , his first title with the company . He also acquired the moniker `` The Legend Killer '' during a storyline where he began disrespecting and then physically attacking WWE Hall of Famers and wrestling veterans . At age 24 , he became the youngest world champion in WWE history after he won the World Heavyweight Championship . With this win , he departed from Evolution and a feud with his former stablemates began . In 2006 , Orton joined forces with Edge in a tag team known as Rated-RKO . Together , they held the World Tag Team Championship . After Rated-RKO disbanded in mid-2007 , Orton gained two WWE Championship reigns in one night , when at 27 he became the youngest two-time WWE Champion . He formed the group The Legacy with Cody Rhodes and Ted DiBiase in 2008 . It disbanded in 2010 and Orton returned to singles competition . From 2013 to 2015 , Orton was aligned with The Authority , who named him the `` face of the WWE '' . In late 2016 he joined The Wyatt Family , winning the WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship with stablemates Bray Wyatt and Luke Harper before turning on Wyatt in February 2017 . Overall , Orton has won 16 total championships in WWE . He is the winner of the 2013 Money in the Bank ladder match , both the 2009 and 2017 Royal Rumble matches , and has headlined multiple pay-per-view events for WWE , including WrestleMania XXV and WrestleMania XXX .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3b2b993a806dffbff63b10dc40aa5fb1", "text": "Bad Blood (2003) Bad Blood ( 2003 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) and presented by Maxim Hair Color , which took place on June 15 , 2003 , at the Compaq Center in Houston , Texas . It was the second event produced under the Bad Blood name and starred wrestlers from the Raw brand . This event marked the beginning of worldwide pay-per-views ( with the exception of the older and more significant Royal Rumble , WrestleMania , SummerSlam and Survivor Series pay-per-views ) being brand exclusive ( UK-only pay-per-views had been brand exclusive since Insurrextion 2002 ) . The main event was a Hell in a Cell match , featuring wrestlers fighting in a ring surrounded by a steel structure . In this match , World Heavyweight Champion Triple H defeated Kevin Nash to retain his title . Two predominant bouts were featured on the undercard ; in respective singles matches , Ric Flair defeated Shawn Michaels and Goldberg defeated Chris Jericho . The event marked the second time the Hell in a Cell format was used by WWE in a Bad Blood event ; the first was at In Your House : Badd Blood in 1997 . The 2003 Bad Blood event grossed over $ 500,000 ticket sales from an attendance of 10,000 and received about 285,000 pay-per-view buys , which was more than the following year 's event . This event helped WWE increase its yearly pay-per-view revenue by $ 6.2 million from the previous year . When the event was released on DVD , it reached a peak position of second on Billboard 's DVD Sales Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "896020dc3305dc84f6b0aeddc5f93010", "text": "WWE Cruiserweight Championship (1991–2007) The WWE Cruiserweight Championship was a professional wrestling championship originally used in World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and later , World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment ( WWF/WWE ) . It was challenged by cruiserweights at a maximum weight of 225lbs . Following the acquisition of WCW by the then-WWF in 2001 , it became a WWF ( and later , WWE ) championship and replaced the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship . During the first WWE brand extension , it was the only title to be exclusive to the SmackDown ! brand during its entire tenure . The championship was created in WCW in 1996 , with Shinjiro Otani as the inaugural champion . However , following WCW 's purchase , the WWF/E considered the title to be a continuation of the earlier WCW Light Heavyweight Championship , which had been created in 1991 with Brian Pillman as the inaugural champion . The Cruiserweight Championship was retired in 2007 with Hornswoggle as its final holder . A new WWE Cruiserweight Championship was created in 2016 , and although both championships share the same name , the new championship does not carry the lineage of the original . The new WWE Cruiserweight Championship also has a different weight limit of 205lbs ( 93kg )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8086c87a76761e58ff69f1d3b06a5f61", "text": "Angelo Savoldi Mario Louis Fornini , Sr. ( April 21 , 1914 -- September 20 , 2013 ) was an American professional wrestler and wrestling promoter , better known professionally as Angelo Savoldi . At the time of his death , he was known as the world 's oldest retired wrestler at the age of 99 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8984417b1df8971a41adb8b3f01d529a", "text": "List of WWE United States Champions The WWE United States Championship is a professional wrestling championship contested in the American promotion WWE on the SmackDown brand . It was originally known as the NWA United States Heavyweight Championship and began as a regional championship created by and defended in Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling , run by Jim Crockett , Jr. . Harley Race became the inaugural champion on the title 's introduction on January 1 , 1975 . Turner Broadcasting bought the company in November 1988 and renamed it World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) after its primary television program . In March 2001 , the then-WWF bought selected assets of WCW . This resulted in the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship becoming a championship for the WWF , who referred to it as the WCW United States Championship . At Survivor Series in November 2001 , the WCW United States and WWF Intercontental Championships were unified , resulting in the United States Championship being deactivated . In July 2003 , the title was reactivated as the WWE United States Championship . As a result of the 2017 WWE Superstar Shake-up , it is exclusively contested on the SmackDown brand . The championship is contested in professional wrestling matches , in which participants execute scripted finishes rather than contend in direct competition . Some reigns were held by champions using a ring name , while others used their real name . As of , , the current champion is Kevin Owens , who is in his second reign . Overall , there have been 83 different champions . Ric Flair holds the record for having the most reigns at six , while John Cena holds the record for most reigns under the WWE banner at five . Lex Luger holds the record for longest reign , with his third reign lasting a total of 523 days , while Dean Ambrose holds the longest reign under the WWE banner , at 351 days ( overall the third longest in the title 's history ) . Only two men , Lex Luger and Rick Rude , have held the championship for a continuous reign of one year ( 365 days ) or more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f76f0d838d762d02ad86e580082e06be", "text": "WrestleMania VII WrestleMania VII was the seventh annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) . It took place on March 24 , 1991 , at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena in Los Angeles , California . The main event saw Hulk Hogan defeat Sgt. Slaughter for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship as part of a controversial storyline in which Sgt. Slaughter portrayed an Iraqi sympathizer during the United States ' involvement in the Gulf War . Significant events on the undercard included The Undertaker 's WrestleMania debut and the beginning of his renowned winning streak , a retirement match between Randy Savage and The Ultimate Warrior leading to the former 's reuniting with estranged love Miss Elizabeth , as well as the final match of the original Hart Foundation , after which Bret Hart became primarily a singles wrestler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b59f0521e8ad4b0419d30b0ec863ded", "text": "Tony Borne Anthony Wayne `` Tony '' Osborne ( July 13 , 1926 -- August 27 , 2010 ) was an American professional wrestler , better known by his ring name , `` Tough '' Tony Borne .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d08cfc15187b3924dcee9b6758ee393", "text": "Verne Gagne Laverne Clarence `` Verne '' Gagne ( -LSB- ɡænjeɪ -RSB- February 26 , 1926 -- April 27 , 2015 ) was an American professional wrestler , football player , wrestling trainer , and wrestling promoter . He was the owner and promoter of the Minneapolis-based American Wrestling Association ( AWA ) , the predominant promotion throughout the Midwest and Manitoba for many years . He remained in this position until 1991 , when the company folded . Gagne was a 16-time World Heavyweight Champion , having held the AWA World Heavyweight Championship ten times , the World Heavyweight Championship ( Omaha version ) five times , and the IWA World Heavyweight Championship once . He holds the record for the longest combined reign as a world champion and is third ( behind Bruno Sammartino and Lou Thesz ) for the longest single world title reign . He is one of only six men inducted into each of the WWE , WCW and Professional Wrestling halls of fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "297aac4c94e3ea9d138d81c631726618", "text": "No Mercy (2007) No Mercy ( 2007 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on October 7 , 2007 , at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont , Illinois . It was the 10th annual No Mercy event and involved wrestlers from the Raw , SmackDown ! , and ECW brands . Nine professional wrestling matches were scheduled on the event 's supercard . In the main event matches , Randy Orton defeated WWE Champion Triple H in a Last Man Standing match , and World Heavyweight Champion Batista defeated challenger The Great Khali in a Punjabi Prison match . Also on the undercard , WWE Champion Triple H defeated Umaga to retain his title and Finlay and Rey Mysterio fought to a no contest . The 2007 No Mercy event had an approximate attendance of 12,500 and received approximately 271,000 pay-per-view buys . This event helped WWE obtain a pay-per-view revenue of $ 19.9 million . When the event was released on DVD , it reached a peak position of nineteenth on Billboard 's DVD Sales Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cad6d2cee4420ae50056adf1a7cac007", "text": "All Star Wrestling All Star Wrestling is a British Professional wrestling promotion also known as All Star Promotions , Superslam Wrestling and Big Time Wrestling and originally known as Wrestling Enterprises ( of Birkenhead ) , run by Brian Dixon and based in Liverpool , England . Dixon 's promotion tours theatres , leisure centres , town halls and similar venues , many of them old venues for televised wrestling in the UK in the 1950-1980s , as well as holiday camps . It is the oldest active wrestling promotion in the UK , and furthermore the longest-running UK wrestling promotion ever - a record it has held since September 2013 , when it eclipsed the 42 years and 11 months lifespan of Joint Promotions/Ring Wrestling Stars ( March 1952 -- February 1995 ) . All Star contributed to the final two years of ITV 's regular televised wrestling programme in the UK in 1987-1988 and some of their matches were included on VHS and DVD compilations and repeated as part of the World of Sport programming on The Fight Network , formerly The Wrestling Channel , until it stopped transmission in 2008 . These matches are currently being repeated on the Men & Movies channel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df8c425ce480bc05f131d58c32d6edfa", "text": "Davey Boy Smith David `` Davey Boy '' Smith ( 27 November 1962 -- 18 May 2002 ) was a British professional wrestler . Born in Golborne , Lancashire , Smith is best known for his appearances in the United States with the World Wrestling Federation under his own name and under the ring name The British Bulldog . He was trained by Ted Betley in Winwick , England before relocating to Calgary , Alberta , Canada to further his training under Stu Hart . While training with Hart , Smith met Stu and Helen Hart 's youngest daughter Diana , whom he married in 1984 . One of their two children , Harry , is also a professional wrestler . Smith won titles within the WWF in three decades , from the 1980s to the 2000s . Never a world champion , Smith nevertheless headlined multiple pay-per-view events in the WWF and WCW , in which he challenged for the WWF - and WCW World Heavyweight championships . He defeated Bret Hart for the WWF Intercontinental Championship in the main event of SummerSlam 1992 at London 's original Wembley Stadium ; he also has the distinction of being the inaugural and longest reigning WWF European Champion in a total of 206 days , and to have held the title on the sole occasion where a match for that championship headlined a pay-per-view event , at One Night Only in 1997 . Prior to finding singles success , Smith achieved stardom as one half of The British Bulldogs tag team , alongside the Dynamite Kid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "673cbbb165cbd443e3ac6fa1018f6150", "text": "Moonsault A moonsault , moonsault press , or back flip splash is a professional wrestling aerial technique . It was innovated by Mando Guerrero . Much of its popularity in both Japanese and American wrestling is attributed to The Great Muta , despite it being used in North America by `` Leaping '' Lanny Poffo years before Muta came from Japan . In a standard moonsault , which is generally attempted from the top rope , a wrestler faces away from the supine opponent and executes a backflip landing on the opponent in a splash/press position but facing towards the elevated position . Though this move is generally attempted from the top rope to an opponent lying face up in the mat , myriad variations exist , including moonsaults that see the wrestler land on a standing opponent and forcing them down to the mat . The move is considered a higher-impact version of a splash , since the wrestler utilizes rotational speed . A less common variation sees the wrestler perform a moonsault on a standing opponent , with the torso of the wrestler striking the torso of the opponent ( albeit upside down ) , forcing the opponent backwards and to the ground with the opponent on top of them , usually placing the opponent in a pinning predicament . Most of the variations listed below can also be performed on standing opponents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29bcfbe2432efd74dc88bbbde3c59578", "text": "Samoa Joe Nuufolau Joel `` Joe '' Seanoa ( born March 17 , 1979 ) , better known by his ring name Samoa Joe , is an American professional wrestler currently signed to WWE and performing on the Raw brand . He was previously best known for his time with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) and Ring of Honor ( ROH ) . Joe established himself in ROH from the promotion 's beginning in 2002 , holding the ROH World Championship for a record 21 months from May 2003 to December 2004 . Upon joining TNA in June 2005 , he embarked on an 19-month-long undefeated streak , and went on to hold the TNA World Heavyweight Championship once , the TNA X Division Championship five times , the TNA World Tag Team Championship twice , and the TNA Television Championship once ; completing the TNA Triple Crown and the TNA Grand Slam . He also wrestled internationally and on the independent circuit for various promotions , winning several titles , including the GHC Tag Team Championship with Magnus in Pro Wrestling Noah , and he was an inaugural NWA Intercontinental Tag Team Champion with Keiji Sakoda in Pro Wrestling Zero1 . He left TNA in February 2015 , briefly competing again in ROH and the independent circuit . Joe officially debuted in WWE 's developmental territory NXT in May 2015 , and signed a full-time contract with the company in June ; he went on to become the first ever two-time NXT Champion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c67576118df9bb1370e0ea97b125da7", "text": "Ring of Honor Ring of Honor ( ROH ) is an American professional wrestling promotion , founded in 2002 by RF Video owner Rob Feinstein . From 2004 to 2011 , the promotion was under the ownership of Cary Silkin before being sold to the Sinclair Broadcast Group ( SBG ) , an American telecommunications company that operates the largest number of local television stations in the United States . ROH holds TV tapings , pay-per-view events , live events , and Internet pay-per-view events throughout the United States and Canada . It has also held shows in the United Kingdom and Japan . Annual shows include the Anniversary Show , Supercard of Honor ( held annually during WrestleMania weekend ) , Best in the World , Global Wars , Death Before Dishonor , Glory By Honor , and Final Battle ( the last show of the calendar year and ROH 's marquee event ) . ROH records all of its shows and sells them on DVD through mail order via its online store , and the DVDs have developed a fanbase for the promotion in the United States and beyond . In 2009 , ROH signed a television deal with HDNet , which aired shows every week until 2011 . As of September 2011 , ROH 's flagship broadcast Ring of Honor Wrestling has been syndicated by parent company Sinclair Broadcasting , and airs on Sinclair owned stations across the country . ROH is also broadcast on Samurai TV in Japan , and is the third-largest professional wrestling promotion in the United States , behind WWE and after Impact Wrestling . On June 22 , 2014 , ROH had its first live pay-per-view broadcast , Best in the World , from Nashville , Tennessee . It was followed-up on December 7 with their biggest show of the year Final Battle , from Terminal 5 in New York City . Their next pay-per-view aired March 1 , 2015 , which was their 13th Anniversary Show , from Las Vegas , Nevada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d56ca373faae6138d0b013455112428a", "text": "Stone Cold Steve Austin Steve Austin ( born Steven James Anderson on December 18 , 1964 , later Steven James Williams ) , better known by the ring name `` Stone Cold '' Steve Austin , is an American actor , media personality , producer , and retired professional wrestler who is signed to a Legends contract with WWE . Veteran pro wrestling journalist Wade Keller remarked that Austin is `` in every conversation for the greatest wrestling act of all time '' , as well as for `` the most profitable and the most influential '' . He enjoyed a successful mid card career as `` Stunning '' Steve Austin in World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and a stint as a main event performer in Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) during the early and mid 1990s , before signing with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) in 1995 as The Ringmaster . Rebranded `` Stone Cold '' Steve Austin the following year , he gained significant mainstream popularity as a disrespectful , beer-drinking antihero who routinely defied the establishment and his boss , company chairman Vince McMahon . This persona of Austin 's became the `` poster boy '' of the Attitude Era , a boom period in WWF business in the latter 1990s and early 2000s . He also devised the long-standing `` What ? '' chant in pro wrestling . Several prominent industry figures , including McMahon , have declared Austin to be the biggest star in WWF/E history , while stressing that he surpassed the popularity of Hulk Hogan . Austin held 19 championships throughout his wrestling career ; he is a six-time WWF Champion , a two-time WWF Intercontinental Champion , and a four-time WWF Tag Team Champion , thus making him the fifth Triple Crown Champion in WWE history , while also being a two-time WCW United States Heavyweight Champion , a two-time WCW World Television Champion , a one-time WCW World Tag Team Champion , and a one-time NWA World Tag Team Champion in WCW . He was also the winner of the 1996 King of the Ring tournament , as well as the 1997 , 1998 , and 2001 Royal Rumbles , making him the only three-time winner of the event . Furthermore , he was awarded the unsanctioned Million Dollar Championship by Ted DiBiase . Austin has headlined multiple pay-per-view events for the WWF , including three WrestleManias ( XIV , XV , and X-Seven ) . He was forced to retire from in-ring competition in 2003 due to a series of knee injuries and a serious neck injury . Throughout the rest of 2003 and 2004 , he was featured as the Co-General Manager and `` Sheriff '' of Raw . Since 2005 , he has continued to make occasional appearances , and was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2009 by Vince McMahon . In 2011 , Austin returned to WWE to host the reboot of the reality series Tough Enough .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7509f4e711e5191e647cfae879fcbc12", "text": "Bret \"Hit Man\" Hart: The Best There Is, the Best There Was, the Best There Ever Will Be Bret `` Hit Man '' Hart : The Best There Is , The Best There Was , The Best There Ever Will Be also known as The Bret Hart Story : The Best There Is , The Best There Was , The Best There Ever Will Be is a best selling DVD documentary film released as part of a three-DVD set on November 15 , 2005 , by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . The documentary chronicles the career of popular WWE wrestler Bret Hart . Hart collaborated with WWE to make the documentary , contributing hours of interview content to the film . This collaboration marked the first time Hart had worked in an on camera capacity with WWE since the Montreal Screwjob , which was Hart 's last in-ring appearance with the company until his return on January 4 , 2010 . The documentary chronicles Bret Hart 's wrestling career , from how he broke into the business as a member of the Hart family to his run in World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) . Highlights of matches from his days in his father 's Stampede Wrestling promotion , as well as his time in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) and WCW are shown while insight is provided from Hart about what went on behind the scenes . This is the second documentary about Bret Hart , the first being Hitman Hart : Wrestling with Shadows ( which was produced with cooperation by the WWF , but not released by WWF/E Home Video ) which chronicles Hart 's last days wrestling in the WWF and talks about his relationship with his brother Owen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b2ad6ec1ef27369b2a8fcd3a169015b", "text": "Elimination Chamber (2014) Elimination Chamber ( 2014 ) ( known as No Escape ( 2014 ) in GermanyFor Germany , it was feared that the name `` Elimination Chamber '' may remind people of the gas chambers used during the Holocaust . ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by WWE . The fifth Elimination Chamber event took place on February 23 , 2014 , at the Target Center in Minneapolis . Eight matches , including the pre-show , took place at the event . In the Elimination Chamber match main event for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship , Randy Orton retained his title against John Cena , Daniel Bryan , Christian , Cesaro and Sheamus . The event had 183,000 buys , down from previous year 's 213,000 buys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad347c32e5d6c8ca1bb22c18be067027", "text": "Jesse Sorensen Jessy Ryan Sorensen ( born April 1 , 1989 ) is an American professional wrestler , who is best known for his time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) , where in February 2012 , he suffered a severe neck injury that took him out of action for over a year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35135752f05f1abad707747515aa83a3", "text": "Mauro Di Pasquale Mauro G. Di Pasquale , B.Sc. , MD , MRO , MFS is a world champion powerlifter , bodybuilding author and columnist . Di Pasquale was an assistant professor at the University of Toronto from 1988 to 1998 . He lectured and researched on athletic performance , nutritional supplements and drug use in sports . He holds an honors degree in biological science , majoring in molecular biochemistry ( 1968 ) , and a medical degree ( 1971 ) - both from the University of Toronto . Di Pasquale is certified as a Medical Review Officer ( MRO ) by the Medical Review Officer Certification Council ( MROCC ) . He was the MRO for the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing ( NASCAR ) . From 1997 to 1999 Di Pasquale was involved in writing , research and product development for Experimental and Applied Sciences ( EAS ) . As a bodybuilding author , Di Pasquale has written thousands of articles for many large bodybuilding and fitness magazines such as Muscle & Fitness and Iron Man . He has also written several books on bodybuilding related topics such as bodybuilding nutrition and performance-enhancing drugs . Impressed by the way Di Pasquale would monitor steroid use in the bodybuilding industry , World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) owner Vince McMahon hired him in June 1992 to monitor the company 's new drug testing program ; at this time , McMahon was facing criminal charges for allegedly supplying steroids to some of his wrestlers in a manner that violated federal law and was hoping to regain public confidence . While working with the WWF , Di Pasquale took a hardline approach and ensured that anyone who failed a drug test would leave the company ; such an example showed when WWF wrestler The Ultimate Warrior failed a drug test in September 1992 . His firm policy towards steroid use earned him the nickname `` Mr. Steroid Hunter . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2aaef9ad9b8d65733f8f29a2983f0403", "text": "Face (professional wrestling) In professional wrestling , a face ( babyface ) is a heroic or a `` good guy '' wrestler , booked ( scripted ) by the promotion with the aim of being cheered by fans . Faces , traditionally , wrestle within the rules and avoid cheating ( in contrast to the heels who use illegal moves and call in additional wrestlers to do their work for them ) while behaving positively towards the referee and the audience . Such characters are also referred to as blue-eyes in British wrestling , and técnicos in lucha libre . The face character is portrayed as a hero relative to the heel wrestlers , who are analogous to villains . Not everything a face wrestler does must be heroic : faces need only to be cheered by the audience to be effective characters . The vast majority of wrestling storylines involving faces place a face against a heel , although more elaborate set-ups ( such as two faces being manipulated by a nefarious outside party into fighting ) often happen as well . In the world of lucha libre wrestling , they 're generally known for using moves requiring technical skill , particularly aerial maneuvers , and wearing outfits using bright colors with positive associations ( such as solid white ) . This is contrasted with the villainous rudos that are generally known for being brawlers , using physical moves that emphasize brute strength and/or size while often having outfits akin to demons or other nasty characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c28095586c4569b543253da37d4c7d52", "text": "El Gran Luchadore El Gran Luchadore is the name of a masked Mexican professional wrestling character in World Wrestling Entertainment , seen on its SmackDown ! brand in 2004 . El Gran Luchadore ( loosely translated from Spanish to `` The Great Fighter/Wrestler , '' `` Luchadore '' is also an incorrect spelling , luchador is the correct spelling ) was mainly used as a jobber gimmick to put over other wrestlers . The first WWE wrestler to wrestle as the El Gran Luchadore was Paul London on April 22 , 2004 in a squash match against John Bradshaw Layfield ( JBL ) , Paul Heyman convinced Bradshaw to accept a match with the `` Mexican Heavyweight Champion '' after hearing that El Gran Luchadore punked out Bradshaw at an airport . Next up was Shannon Moore on July 8 , 2004 , billed as the `` champion of Mexico '' , would face WWE Champion JBL in a champion vs. champion match ( no titles on the line ) . A second squash match for JBL took an unexpected turn when El Gran Luchadore pulled a switcharoo with Eddie Guerrero ( in El Gran 's costume ) who came back fighting . When JBL finally clued that it was Guerrero , he ran away from the ring getting counted out in the process , allowing El Gran Luchadore to pick up his first victory . The next appearance of El Gran Luchadore was on July 15 , 2004 edition of SmackDown ! . During a Steel Cage match between Guerrero and JBL which saw both men sat on top of the Cage , exchanging punches until El Gran Luchadore ran down and climbed into the cage . This El Gran Luchadore held Eddie Guerrero 's leg , allowing Bradshaw to climb down the side of the cage to win . After the match El Gran Luchadore tried to get out of the locked door , but then decided to climb out the way he came in . Eddie Guerrero got to his feet and climbed up the cage struggling to get him back into the cage . Luchadore was able to get away , but in the struggle Guerrero pulled the mask off of him , revealing him to be the supposedly injured Kurt Angle .", "title": "" } ]	fever

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