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Which team did Neil Danns play for in Nov, 2012?	November 20, 2012	{ "text": [ "Bristol City F.C.", "Leicester City F.C." ] }	L2_Q3874292_P54_6	Neil Danns plays for Hartlepool United F.C. from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2004. Neil Danns plays for Guyana national football team from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022. Neil Danns plays for Leicester City F.C. from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2014. Neil Danns plays for Blackburn Rovers F.C. from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2004. Neil Danns plays for Bristol City F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013. Neil Danns plays for Colchester United F.C. from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006. Neil Danns plays for Crystal Palace F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2011. Neil Danns plays for Blackpool F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003. Neil Danns plays for Birmingham City F.C. from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2008. Neil Danns plays for Bolton Wanderers F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2014. Neil Danns plays for Huddersfield Town A.F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.	Neil DannsNeil Alexander Danns (born 23 November 1982) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Cymru Premier club Connah's Quay Nomads and the Guyana national team. He began his career in 2000 as a trainee at Blackburn Rovers and subsequently played for Colchester United, Birmingham City, Crystal Palace, Leicester City and Bolton Wanderers and Bury. He became a free agent after Bury were expelled from the Football League, and joined Tranmere Rovers in September 2019 until the end of the season.Danns began his football career on schoolboy forms with Liverpool and spent two years at the Football Association's School of Excellence at Lilleshall. At 16, he chose to leave Liverpool, and signed for Blackburn Rovers as a trainee "in the face of fierce competition". He converted his penalty in the shootout by which Blackburn's youth team beat Liverpool's to reach the , and captained the team in the final, scoring as Blackburn beat Arsenal 3–1 in the second leg having lost the first leg 5–0.Manager Graeme Souness gave Danns a "surprise" debut on 19 September 2002 in the starting eleven for the 1–1 draw with CSKA Sofia in the UEFA Cup; according to the "Lancashire Evening Telegraph", he "didn't let anyone down with a lively performance". He made his first Premier League appearance three days later as a late substitute in a 1–0 win over Leeds United, and went on to make six appearances in all competitions in the 2002–03 season.Ahead of the 2003–04 season, it was expected that Danns would be loaned out to gain first-team experience, and on 4 August, he joined Second Division club Blackpool for an initial one-month loan period, later extended to three months. He started the opening match of the Second Division season, a 5–0 defeat away to Queens Park Rangers. and was sent off in the next, receiving a second yellow card for timewasting near the end of a 3–2 win over Wycombe Wanderers. His first goal for the club, "[hitting] the roof of the net with a screamer from ", began Blackpool's comeback from 2–0 down to win 3–2 at Oldham Athletic, He was sent off for a second time, again for two yellow cards, against Stockport County on 20 September, and scored his second Blackpool goal in his next league match, "rounding the keeper and striking a sweet left-foot shot into the far corner and between the two defenders on the line" to complete a 2–1 win over Notts County. Despite manager Steve McMahon and the players wanting him and fellow Blackburn loanee Jonathan Douglas to stay, both left Blackpool after their three months.Danns "ran his heart out" for the 16 minutes of what proved to be his final appearance for Blackburn Rovers in a 4–3 loss against Bolton Wanderers on 10 January 2004. In March, he joined another Second Division club, Hartlepool United, on a one-month loan, later extended to the end of the season, and as he had with Blackpool, he made his debut in a heavy defeat to Queens Park Rangers. He established himself as a regular in the side, scored the winning goal away to Wrexham in April, and helped Hartlepool reach the play-offs. Danns played in both legs of the semi-final, in which they lost 3–2 on aggregate to Bristol City, having been 2–1 ahead with three minutes plus stoppage time to go.In September 2004, Danns joined League One club Colchester United on loan as injury cover. He started the next match, a 3–1 league win over AFC Bournemouth on 11 September, and scored both goals in a 2–1 defeat of Port Vale on 4 October. The loan was extended for a second month, and Danns was a regular in the first team throughout his 13-match stay, during which he scored four times.In December, disappointed at a perceived lack of opportunity at his parent club, Danns rejoined Colchester for a nominal fee, later reported as £15,000; his 18-month contract included a 30% sell-on clause. He resumed his place in the team and his goalscoring: his eight goals in this spell included both goals in a 2–1 win away to Stockport County in March 2005, and all 36 of his appearances for the season were in the starting eleven. During a match at Tranmere Rovers in February 2005, the hosts' match video commentator referred to Danns using racially offensive terminology; the commentator was sacked.Danns scored against Gillingham in the opening fixture of the 2005–06 season, but his team lost 2–1. He missed most of September with an abdominal injury, and took time to return to full fitness, but a run of goals in January, including two against Derby County to take his side through to the FA Cup fifth round, sparked interest from higher-level teams. However, Danns claimed that the progress Colchester were making allowed him to develop without needing to leave13 years later, he expressed his gratitude to the club for giving him the opportunity to shineand that facing Chelsea in a televised FA Cup-tie "could be the start of another big opportunity". He "kept Colchester ticking" as they came close to earning a replay, and played a major part in his team's promotion to the second tier of English football for the first time in their history. His performances were recognised with a place in the PFA League One Team of the Year.On 19 June 2006, Danns signed a three-year contract with Birmingham City, newly relegated from the Premier League. The fee was an initial £500,000 with the potential to rise to £850,000. He admitted that he "had a great time at Colchester but when a club the size of Birmingham come in for you, it's hard to say no." He started Birmingham's opening fixtureagainst Colchesterand was involved in the first goal of a 2–1 win. In the first half of the season he was a regular on the pitch, either starting or as a used substitute, and scored three times. He set up a goal for Sebastian Larsson's equaliser against Newcastle United that took the third-round FA Cup-tie to a replay at St James's Park, which Birmingham won 5–1. In the second half of the campaign, he was used increasingly little in league matches, making only one start and five substitute appearances after the turn of the year; bids from League Two club Nottingham Forest to take him either permanently or on loan were rejected. He came back into the squad in early April, but his season ended after being sent off for his part in a mass brawl at the end of Birmingham's defeat at Barnsley; he served a three-match ban and was not selected thereafter as Birmingham won four of the last five matches to confirm their promotion to the Premier League as runners-up.Danns was determined to establish himself at Birmingham in the 2007–08 season, tried to take consolation from other players who had returned to the squad after lengthy periods out of it, and worked hard on the defensive aspect of the midfield position, but to no avail. He made two substitute appearances in the Premier League and two League Cup starts under manager Steve Bruce and none at all under his successor Alex McLeish, who told him that he should look elsewhere for first-team football.Danns signed a three-and-a-half-year contract with Championship club Crystal Palace on 22 January 2008 for a fee of £600,000, rising to £850,000 conditional on the club's promotion to the Premier League. He made his debut as a 64th-minute substitute in a draw with Southampton on 4 February, and made two starts that month before a groin injury that needed two operations kept him out until 4 October. He returned as a half-time substitute against Nottingham Forest and was involved in Shefki Kuqi's late winning goal. The comeback was short-lived: after two more matches, an ankle injury kept him out for another couple of months, and it took a considerable time to return to full fitness. He finished the season with 23 appearances in all competitions and three goals, which included a header in a 3–1 win away to Plymouth Argyle (a match in which his error led to Argyle's goal) and a much-needed winner against Preston North End in March.Danns began the 2009–10 season in the starting eleven and largely remained in it. He created goals for others, scored a couple himself, and became increasingly influential as manager Neil Warnock set up the team to play in a style that suited his strengths. Crystal Palace entered administration during the January 2010 transfer window, and the consequent ten-point deduction left the team in danger of relegation. The administrators accepted a bid from Southampton for Danns, but the player rejected the move. Warnock challenged him to "step up and take on the goalscoring duties" from the departed Victor Moses, and he complied, with both goals in a 2–0 win over Peterborough United, a late winner against Scunthorpe United, and two more goals later in the season that took his league tally to eight. However, in the penultimate match of the season, a 1–1 draw with West Bromwich Albion, Danns was sent off for headbutting Graham Dorrans, so was suspended for the visit to Sheffield Wednesday from which Palace needed a point to survive at their hosts' expense. The match was drawn, so Wednesday were relegated. Danns was nominated for Palace's Player of the Year awardaccording to the citation, "his work rate and skill were major reasons Palace stayed up"but lost out to goalkeeper Julián Speroni.Having served his suspension, Danns scored a late consolation goal against Ipswich Town, and converted a penalty as well as setting up the goal that completed James Vaughan's hat-trick against Portsmouth in mid-September. He made a swift return from medial ligament damage suffered at the end of the month and soon returned to form. With his contract due to expire at the end of the season, speculation grew as to whether he would re-sign: an opinion piece in the local paper in the new year suggested that Danns was one of a small group of players who "aren't putting in 110%" and who should be a priority for new manager Dougie Freedman to get "playing from the same tune", and the player made a lengthy response via social media dismissing any suggestion that he was not giving his all for the club or that his recently acquired back problem was chronic and would make him fail a medical. He returned from injury to make a further 14 appearances, taking his total for the club to 114, in the last of which, having still not signed a new contract, he scored the only goal of the match against Leeds United that all but secured Palace's Championship survival. He was again shortlisted as Palace's Player of the Year, and won the Vice-presidents' Player of the Year award.Despite Scottish Premier League club Rangers believing themselves close to signing the player, Danns became Sven-Göran Eriksson's second signing for Championship club Leicester City when he agreed terms on a three-year deal to begin on 1 July after the expiry of his Palace contract. He started the opening game of the season, a 1–0 win over Coventry City, and scored his first goal as Leicester eliminated Bury from the League Cup. Danns was a regular inclusion in the matchday squad, both under Eriksson and his successor Nigel Pearson. He scored his first league goal for Leicester against Blackpool in a 2–0 home win in November; his next opened the scoring against his former club Crystal Palace, and he also took the free kick that led to Leicester's second goal in the 2–1 win. He added three more goals in February and March, and in the absence of Richie Wellens, captained the team against Pearson's former club, Hull City, on 24 March. He was sent off after 57 minutes for a "reckless challenge" on Hull's Paul McKenna, and was not selected again for the rest of the season.At the start of the 2012–13 season, Danns played for 14 minutes in the Championship and made two League Cup appearances, but those were his last before joining Bristol City on 14 November on a month's loan. He made his debut against his former club Blackpool three days later, and in the second match, he set up a goal for Stephen Pearson that helped City end their 11-match winless run with a 3–1 victory at Middlesbrough. His loan was extended for a second month, and he contributed two goals from nine matches before returning to Leicester. Bristol City manager Derek McInnes was keen to extend Danns' stay further, either as another loan or on a permanent basis, but instead he joined another Championship club, Huddersfield Town, on loan until the end of the season.On his debut, he "certainly put in a shift, first on the right hand side of midfield, then after the departure of [Oliver] Norwood, who started reasonably but lost his way, in the centre", in a draw at home to Birmingham City, He was a regular in the starting eleven as Huddersfield avoided relegation back to League One, with 17 league appearances and 2 goals, the first in a 2–1 West Yorkshire derby defeat of Leeds United and the second in a draw with Peterborough, although a toe injury kept him out of the last three fixtures.In January 2013, Danns had dismissed suggestions of a disagreement with Nigel Pearson, and professed himself mystified by his exclusion from consideration at Leicester. At the start of the 2013–14 season, Pearson pointed out how fortunate Leicester were to "have quite a lot of quality in terms of our central midfield options", and that Danns would benefit from regular first-team football elsewhere.On 26 September 2013, Danns signed on loan for Championship club Bolton Wanderers, managed by Dougie Freedman who had coached him at Crystal Palace. He made his first Wanderers appearance in a goalless draw away to Blackpool on 1 October, and his goal in the next match, away to Birmingham, gave his team their first league win of the season. He soon established himself in the team, and scored four goals from thirteen matches over the three-month spell. Freedman admired his industry, his ability to adapt his style of play to the match situation, and the way "he gets you off your seat and makes things happen", and the player was keen to make the move permanent if Leicester were willing.He rejoined Bolton on 3 January 2014 on loan until the end of the season. In February and March, he set up a goal in each of three consecutive wins. At the end of April, Danns signed a one-year contract with Bolton, to begin on 1 July after the expiry of his Leicester deal. Highlighting his work-rate, dynamism, and the positive attitude that set an example to the "younger, hungrier players" prioritised by the manager, the "Bolton News" suggested that "Freedman may have already made the most important signing of the summer".Amid strong competition for a place in Freedman's preferred 4–2–3–1 formation, Danns started his 2014–15 season from the bench in a 3–0 opening-day loss to Watford. After Mark Davies's stoppage-time penalty kept Bolton in the League Cup first-round match against Bury of League Two, Danns scored twice in extra time to take his side through. He started the next Championship match, and remained in the starting eleven for most of the season. Playing on the right of a diamond formation, Danns scored in new manager Neil Lennon's first home match, a 3–1 win against Brentford on 25 October, before Lennon reverted to the system used by Freedman but with more license given to attack-minded players. In January 2015, Lennon described Danns and Darren Pratley as "pivotal" in the way his team was set up to play. but injury to the latter would adversely affect Danns' form.At the end of January, Danns signed a one-year contract extension. Having captained the team in the FA Cup third round, he was sent off in the fourth before Bolton let slip a one-goal lead and went out to Liverpool. Soon afterwards, he received his tenth yellow card of the season and with it a two-match ban. In April, Danns and Barry Bannan were "suspended indefinitely" and fined two weeks' wages for drunken behaviour at the club's hotel; after apologising to all concerned, they missed just one match before Lennon recalled them. Danns finished the season with 47 appearances in all competitions.Danns was considered as stand-in captain after incumbent Pratley was injured, but was not chosen. He scored his first goal of the season on 26 September 2015 in a 2–2 draw with Brighton & Hove Albion during which Jamie Murphy was sent off for fouling him. Accusations of diving prompted Danns to tweet a picture of the damage caused. He played regularly in the first half of the season but in the second, was used off the bench and often out of position. He did not start a league match in 2016 until 9 April, well after Lennon had left the club, in a defeat to Derby County that confirmed Bolton's relegation. Danns was released when his contract expired, having made 81 appearances in his permanent spell.After a trial, Danns signed a two–year contract with League One club Bury on 21 July 2016. He scored in the opening game of the season, a 2–0 win over Charlton Athletic, but ten days later injured a foot and was out for a month. He scored his first Bury goal on 18 October from the penalty spot in a 2–1 loss at home to AFC Wimbledon. He was sent off against Bristol Rovers in December for an off-the-ball incident, so served a three-match ban, and spent the second half of the season on loan to League Two club Blackpool.Danns made his Blackpool debut on 4 February 2017 in a 1–1 draw with Colchester United, but suffered the first hamstring injury of his career the following week and was out for six matches. He played regularly for the rest of the season, and scored in the final match of the regular season, a 3–1 win against Leyton Orient that confirmed Blackpool's play-off place. Danns started in both legs of the semi-final and in the final as Blackpool beat Exeter City to gain promotion to League One.Ahead of the 2017–18 season, manager Lee Clark told Danns that he could not be guaranteed game time and was free to leave. He was not initially given a squad number and had to train away from the senior squad, but remained keen to be part of Bury's campaign. Despite starting in the EFL Trophy and making three appearances (one start) in the league in September, it was not until Clark was sacked and Ryan Lowe took over as caretaker that Danns returned to the side. Against Gillingham on 11 November, he scored his first Bury goal for a year, but a hamstring injury sustained a week later was to keep him out for the rest of 2017. His exclusion had made him contemplate retirement, but Lowe made him captain and his enthusiasm returned. He scored three goals in February and March, but Bury's return to League Two was confirmed with four matches still to go. Danns signed a one-year contract extension at the end of the season.Danns retained the captaincy for the 2018–19 season. He scored his first goals on 3 November in a 4–1 win over Macclesfield Town, "smashing home into the top-right corner from the edge of the box" for his second. Lowe said afterwards how pleased he was that Danns' hard work had been rewarded. He found himself in and out of the first team because of injury and his international commitments with Guyana, but still ended up with 34 league appearances (28 starts) as Bury gained promotion back to League One despite the financial turmoil surrounding the club, a winding-up petition pending and players and staff being paid late or not at all.By the time Danns returned from international duty, Bury's financial position had worsened, and after six fixtures were suspended by the EFL pending credible proof of the club's viability, it was expelled from the league on 27 August 2019. Interviewed on radio station Talksport, Danns was highly critical of the role of the owner, who in his view had "literally destroyed lives" by his failure to progress the club in a proper manner.Danns became a free agent after Bury's expulsion from the league, and on 19 September he signed for League One club Tranmere Rovers until the end of the season. He made 24 appearances in all competitions without scoring.In October 2020, Danns signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division club Radcliffe.In November 2020, Danns signed a short term deal with National League club FC Halifax Town. He left the club on 12 January 2021 after appearing in five league games. At the beginning of March, Danns signed for Cymru Premier club Connah's Quay Nomads until the end of the season. He scored once from 16 appearances, the last of which was as a late substitute in the final-day win away to Penybont that confirmed Nomads as 2020–21 Cymru Premier champions.Danns was called up by Guyana for friendlies against Grenada and Saint Lucia in March 2015. He qualifies for the team via his grandfather. He made his debut against Grenada on 29 March, setting up both goals in a 2–0 victory. After missing the first leg of the 2018 World Cup qualifier against Saint Vincent and the Grenadines because his Guyanese passport did not come through in time, Danns scored twice in the second leg, which finished as a 4–4 draw, but his country lost out on away goals.Danns scored in a 2–2 draw with Barbados in a 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League qualifier, which doubled as a qualifying tournament for the CONCACAF Gold Cup. He captained the national side and scored their goal in a 2–1 defeat to French Guiana on 20 November that put them out of contention for Gold Cup qualification. However, CONCACAF awarded Guyana a 3–0 win against Barbados, who had fielded ineligible players, which meant that beating Belize in the final qualifier would be enough to see Guyana through to the Gold Cup for the first time in their history. Danns scored the opening goal from the penalty spot, and later missed a second penalty, as Guyana won 2–1.Danns was named in Guyana's squad for the 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup, played in all three group matches and scored all three of his country's goals. In the second match, he converted two penalties in a 4–2 loss to Panama that eliminated Guyana from the tournament, and in the third, after "dribbling from the left corner of the 18-yard box, Danns cut inside and curled a right-footer off the underside of the crossbar near the top right corner" in a 1–1 draw with Trinidad and Tobago. He was named in the Group Stage Best XI.Danns was born in Liverpool, the son of Neil and Karen Danns. Neil senior was a backing singer on the UK's entry in the 1987 Eurovision Song Contest as well as a European title-winning skateboarder. Danns grew up in Toxteth, a difficult neighbourhood, and credited his parents for maintaining discipline and keeping him from involvement in crime. He has three children; the eldest, Jayden, has been a member of the academy at Liverpool F.C., the club which Danns supported as a boy.In 2010, Danns took a video editing and production course at the London Academy of Media, Film and TV. He was reported to be about to release a single, but did not. His music interests and career were featured in BBC Sport's "The Football League Show" in February 2010. He is a regular user of Twitter.Blackburn RoversColchester UnitedBirmingham CityBlackpoolBuryConnah's Quay Nomads	[ "Hartlepool United F.C.", "Birmingham City F.C.", "Crystal Palace F.C.", "Colchester United F.C.", "Blackpool F.C.", "Bolton Wanderers F.C.", "Huddersfield Town A.F.C.", "Blackburn Rovers F.C.", "Guyana national football team" ]
Which team did Neil Danns play for in 2012-11-20?	November 20, 2012	{ "text": [ "Bristol City F.C.", "Leicester City F.C." ] }	L2_Q3874292_P54_6	Neil Danns plays for Hartlepool United F.C. from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2004. Neil Danns plays for Guyana national football team from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022. Neil Danns plays for Leicester City F.C. from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2014. Neil Danns plays for Blackburn Rovers F.C. from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2004. Neil Danns plays for Bristol City F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013. Neil Danns plays for Colchester United F.C. from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006. Neil Danns plays for Crystal Palace F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2011. Neil Danns plays for Blackpool F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003. Neil Danns plays for Birmingham City F.C. from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2008. Neil Danns plays for Bolton Wanderers F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2014. Neil Danns plays for Huddersfield Town A.F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.	Neil DannsNeil Alexander Danns (born 23 November 1982) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Cymru Premier club Connah's Quay Nomads and the Guyana national team. He began his career in 2000 as a trainee at Blackburn Rovers and subsequently played for Colchester United, Birmingham City, Crystal Palace, Leicester City and Bolton Wanderers and Bury. He became a free agent after Bury were expelled from the Football League, and joined Tranmere Rovers in September 2019 until the end of the season.Danns began his football career on schoolboy forms with Liverpool and spent two years at the Football Association's School of Excellence at Lilleshall. At 16, he chose to leave Liverpool, and signed for Blackburn Rovers as a trainee "in the face of fierce competition". He converted his penalty in the shootout by which Blackburn's youth team beat Liverpool's to reach the , and captained the team in the final, scoring as Blackburn beat Arsenal 3–1 in the second leg having lost the first leg 5–0.Manager Graeme Souness gave Danns a "surprise" debut on 19 September 2002 in the starting eleven for the 1–1 draw with CSKA Sofia in the UEFA Cup; according to the "Lancashire Evening Telegraph", he "didn't let anyone down with a lively performance". He made his first Premier League appearance three days later as a late substitute in a 1–0 win over Leeds United, and went on to make six appearances in all competitions in the 2002–03 season.Ahead of the 2003–04 season, it was expected that Danns would be loaned out to gain first-team experience, and on 4 August, he joined Second Division club Blackpool for an initial one-month loan period, later extended to three months. He started the opening match of the Second Division season, a 5–0 defeat away to Queens Park Rangers. and was sent off in the next, receiving a second yellow card for timewasting near the end of a 3–2 win over Wycombe Wanderers. His first goal for the club, "[hitting] the roof of the net with a screamer from ", began Blackpool's comeback from 2–0 down to win 3–2 at Oldham Athletic, He was sent off for a second time, again for two yellow cards, against Stockport County on 20 September, and scored his second Blackpool goal in his next league match, "rounding the keeper and striking a sweet left-foot shot into the far corner and between the two defenders on the line" to complete a 2–1 win over Notts County. Despite manager Steve McMahon and the players wanting him and fellow Blackburn loanee Jonathan Douglas to stay, both left Blackpool after their three months.Danns "ran his heart out" for the 16 minutes of what proved to be his final appearance for Blackburn Rovers in a 4–3 loss against Bolton Wanderers on 10 January 2004. In March, he joined another Second Division club, Hartlepool United, on a one-month loan, later extended to the end of the season, and as he had with Blackpool, he made his debut in a heavy defeat to Queens Park Rangers. He established himself as a regular in the side, scored the winning goal away to Wrexham in April, and helped Hartlepool reach the play-offs. Danns played in both legs of the semi-final, in which they lost 3–2 on aggregate to Bristol City, having been 2–1 ahead with three minutes plus stoppage time to go.In September 2004, Danns joined League One club Colchester United on loan as injury cover. He started the next match, a 3–1 league win over AFC Bournemouth on 11 September, and scored both goals in a 2–1 defeat of Port Vale on 4 October. The loan was extended for a second month, and Danns was a regular in the first team throughout his 13-match stay, during which he scored four times.In December, disappointed at a perceived lack of opportunity at his parent club, Danns rejoined Colchester for a nominal fee, later reported as £15,000; his 18-month contract included a 30% sell-on clause. He resumed his place in the team and his goalscoring: his eight goals in this spell included both goals in a 2–1 win away to Stockport County in March 2005, and all 36 of his appearances for the season were in the starting eleven. During a match at Tranmere Rovers in February 2005, the hosts' match video commentator referred to Danns using racially offensive terminology; the commentator was sacked.Danns scored against Gillingham in the opening fixture of the 2005–06 season, but his team lost 2–1. He missed most of September with an abdominal injury, and took time to return to full fitness, but a run of goals in January, including two against Derby County to take his side through to the FA Cup fifth round, sparked interest from higher-level teams. However, Danns claimed that the progress Colchester were making allowed him to develop without needing to leave13 years later, he expressed his gratitude to the club for giving him the opportunity to shineand that facing Chelsea in a televised FA Cup-tie "could be the start of another big opportunity". He "kept Colchester ticking" as they came close to earning a replay, and played a major part in his team's promotion to the second tier of English football for the first time in their history. His performances were recognised with a place in the PFA League One Team of the Year.On 19 June 2006, Danns signed a three-year contract with Birmingham City, newly relegated from the Premier League. The fee was an initial £500,000 with the potential to rise to £850,000. He admitted that he "had a great time at Colchester but when a club the size of Birmingham come in for you, it's hard to say no." He started Birmingham's opening fixtureagainst Colchesterand was involved in the first goal of a 2–1 win. In the first half of the season he was a regular on the pitch, either starting or as a used substitute, and scored three times. He set up a goal for Sebastian Larsson's equaliser against Newcastle United that took the third-round FA Cup-tie to a replay at St James's Park, which Birmingham won 5–1. In the second half of the campaign, he was used increasingly little in league matches, making only one start and five substitute appearances after the turn of the year; bids from League Two club Nottingham Forest to take him either permanently or on loan were rejected. He came back into the squad in early April, but his season ended after being sent off for his part in a mass brawl at the end of Birmingham's defeat at Barnsley; he served a three-match ban and was not selected thereafter as Birmingham won four of the last five matches to confirm their promotion to the Premier League as runners-up.Danns was determined to establish himself at Birmingham in the 2007–08 season, tried to take consolation from other players who had returned to the squad after lengthy periods out of it, and worked hard on the defensive aspect of the midfield position, but to no avail. He made two substitute appearances in the Premier League and two League Cup starts under manager Steve Bruce and none at all under his successor Alex McLeish, who told him that he should look elsewhere for first-team football.Danns signed a three-and-a-half-year contract with Championship club Crystal Palace on 22 January 2008 for a fee of £600,000, rising to £850,000 conditional on the club's promotion to the Premier League. He made his debut as a 64th-minute substitute in a draw with Southampton on 4 February, and made two starts that month before a groin injury that needed two operations kept him out until 4 October. He returned as a half-time substitute against Nottingham Forest and was involved in Shefki Kuqi's late winning goal. The comeback was short-lived: after two more matches, an ankle injury kept him out for another couple of months, and it took a considerable time to return to full fitness. He finished the season with 23 appearances in all competitions and three goals, which included a header in a 3–1 win away to Plymouth Argyle (a match in which his error led to Argyle's goal) and a much-needed winner against Preston North End in March.Danns began the 2009–10 season in the starting eleven and largely remained in it. He created goals for others, scored a couple himself, and became increasingly influential as manager Neil Warnock set up the team to play in a style that suited his strengths. Crystal Palace entered administration during the January 2010 transfer window, and the consequent ten-point deduction left the team in danger of relegation. The administrators accepted a bid from Southampton for Danns, but the player rejected the move. Warnock challenged him to "step up and take on the goalscoring duties" from the departed Victor Moses, and he complied, with both goals in a 2–0 win over Peterborough United, a late winner against Scunthorpe United, and two more goals later in the season that took his league tally to eight. However, in the penultimate match of the season, a 1–1 draw with West Bromwich Albion, Danns was sent off for headbutting Graham Dorrans, so was suspended for the visit to Sheffield Wednesday from which Palace needed a point to survive at their hosts' expense. The match was drawn, so Wednesday were relegated. Danns was nominated for Palace's Player of the Year awardaccording to the citation, "his work rate and skill were major reasons Palace stayed up"but lost out to goalkeeper Julián Speroni.Having served his suspension, Danns scored a late consolation goal against Ipswich Town, and converted a penalty as well as setting up the goal that completed James Vaughan's hat-trick against Portsmouth in mid-September. He made a swift return from medial ligament damage suffered at the end of the month and soon returned to form. With his contract due to expire at the end of the season, speculation grew as to whether he would re-sign: an opinion piece in the local paper in the new year suggested that Danns was one of a small group of players who "aren't putting in 110%" and who should be a priority for new manager Dougie Freedman to get "playing from the same tune", and the player made a lengthy response via social media dismissing any suggestion that he was not giving his all for the club or that his recently acquired back problem was chronic and would make him fail a medical. He returned from injury to make a further 14 appearances, taking his total for the club to 114, in the last of which, having still not signed a new contract, he scored the only goal of the match against Leeds United that all but secured Palace's Championship survival. He was again shortlisted as Palace's Player of the Year, and won the Vice-presidents' Player of the Year award.Despite Scottish Premier League club Rangers believing themselves close to signing the player, Danns became Sven-Göran Eriksson's second signing for Championship club Leicester City when he agreed terms on a three-year deal to begin on 1 July after the expiry of his Palace contract. He started the opening game of the season, a 1–0 win over Coventry City, and scored his first goal as Leicester eliminated Bury from the League Cup. Danns was a regular inclusion in the matchday squad, both under Eriksson and his successor Nigel Pearson. He scored his first league goal for Leicester against Blackpool in a 2–0 home win in November; his next opened the scoring against his former club Crystal Palace, and he also took the free kick that led to Leicester's second goal in the 2–1 win. He added three more goals in February and March, and in the absence of Richie Wellens, captained the team against Pearson's former club, Hull City, on 24 March. He was sent off after 57 minutes for a "reckless challenge" on Hull's Paul McKenna, and was not selected again for the rest of the season.At the start of the 2012–13 season, Danns played for 14 minutes in the Championship and made two League Cup appearances, but those were his last before joining Bristol City on 14 November on a month's loan. He made his debut against his former club Blackpool three days later, and in the second match, he set up a goal for Stephen Pearson that helped City end their 11-match winless run with a 3–1 victory at Middlesbrough. His loan was extended for a second month, and he contributed two goals from nine matches before returning to Leicester. Bristol City manager Derek McInnes was keen to extend Danns' stay further, either as another loan or on a permanent basis, but instead he joined another Championship club, Huddersfield Town, on loan until the end of the season.On his debut, he "certainly put in a shift, first on the right hand side of midfield, then after the departure of [Oliver] Norwood, who started reasonably but lost his way, in the centre", in a draw at home to Birmingham City, He was a regular in the starting eleven as Huddersfield avoided relegation back to League One, with 17 league appearances and 2 goals, the first in a 2–1 West Yorkshire derby defeat of Leeds United and the second in a draw with Peterborough, although a toe injury kept him out of the last three fixtures.In January 2013, Danns had dismissed suggestions of a disagreement with Nigel Pearson, and professed himself mystified by his exclusion from consideration at Leicester. At the start of the 2013–14 season, Pearson pointed out how fortunate Leicester were to "have quite a lot of quality in terms of our central midfield options", and that Danns would benefit from regular first-team football elsewhere.On 26 September 2013, Danns signed on loan for Championship club Bolton Wanderers, managed by Dougie Freedman who had coached him at Crystal Palace. He made his first Wanderers appearance in a goalless draw away to Blackpool on 1 October, and his goal in the next match, away to Birmingham, gave his team their first league win of the season. He soon established himself in the team, and scored four goals from thirteen matches over the three-month spell. Freedman admired his industry, his ability to adapt his style of play to the match situation, and the way "he gets you off your seat and makes things happen", and the player was keen to make the move permanent if Leicester were willing.He rejoined Bolton on 3 January 2014 on loan until the end of the season. In February and March, he set up a goal in each of three consecutive wins. At the end of April, Danns signed a one-year contract with Bolton, to begin on 1 July after the expiry of his Leicester deal. Highlighting his work-rate, dynamism, and the positive attitude that set an example to the "younger, hungrier players" prioritised by the manager, the "Bolton News" suggested that "Freedman may have already made the most important signing of the summer".Amid strong competition for a place in Freedman's preferred 4–2–3–1 formation, Danns started his 2014–15 season from the bench in a 3–0 opening-day loss to Watford. After Mark Davies's stoppage-time penalty kept Bolton in the League Cup first-round match against Bury of League Two, Danns scored twice in extra time to take his side through. He started the next Championship match, and remained in the starting eleven for most of the season. Playing on the right of a diamond formation, Danns scored in new manager Neil Lennon's first home match, a 3–1 win against Brentford on 25 October, before Lennon reverted to the system used by Freedman but with more license given to attack-minded players. In January 2015, Lennon described Danns and Darren Pratley as "pivotal" in the way his team was set up to play. but injury to the latter would adversely affect Danns' form.At the end of January, Danns signed a one-year contract extension. Having captained the team in the FA Cup third round, he was sent off in the fourth before Bolton let slip a one-goal lead and went out to Liverpool. Soon afterwards, he received his tenth yellow card of the season and with it a two-match ban. In April, Danns and Barry Bannan were "suspended indefinitely" and fined two weeks' wages for drunken behaviour at the club's hotel; after apologising to all concerned, they missed just one match before Lennon recalled them. Danns finished the season with 47 appearances in all competitions.Danns was considered as stand-in captain after incumbent Pratley was injured, but was not chosen. He scored his first goal of the season on 26 September 2015 in a 2–2 draw with Brighton & Hove Albion during which Jamie Murphy was sent off for fouling him. Accusations of diving prompted Danns to tweet a picture of the damage caused. He played regularly in the first half of the season but in the second, was used off the bench and often out of position. He did not start a league match in 2016 until 9 April, well after Lennon had left the club, in a defeat to Derby County that confirmed Bolton's relegation. Danns was released when his contract expired, having made 81 appearances in his permanent spell.After a trial, Danns signed a two–year contract with League One club Bury on 21 July 2016. He scored in the opening game of the season, a 2–0 win over Charlton Athletic, but ten days later injured a foot and was out for a month. He scored his first Bury goal on 18 October from the penalty spot in a 2–1 loss at home to AFC Wimbledon. He was sent off against Bristol Rovers in December for an off-the-ball incident, so served a three-match ban, and spent the second half of the season on loan to League Two club Blackpool.Danns made his Blackpool debut on 4 February 2017 in a 1–1 draw with Colchester United, but suffered the first hamstring injury of his career the following week and was out for six matches. He played regularly for the rest of the season, and scored in the final match of the regular season, a 3–1 win against Leyton Orient that confirmed Blackpool's play-off place. Danns started in both legs of the semi-final and in the final as Blackpool beat Exeter City to gain promotion to League One.Ahead of the 2017–18 season, manager Lee Clark told Danns that he could not be guaranteed game time and was free to leave. He was not initially given a squad number and had to train away from the senior squad, but remained keen to be part of Bury's campaign. Despite starting in the EFL Trophy and making three appearances (one start) in the league in September, it was not until Clark was sacked and Ryan Lowe took over as caretaker that Danns returned to the side. Against Gillingham on 11 November, he scored his first Bury goal for a year, but a hamstring injury sustained a week later was to keep him out for the rest of 2017. His exclusion had made him contemplate retirement, but Lowe made him captain and his enthusiasm returned. He scored three goals in February and March, but Bury's return to League Two was confirmed with four matches still to go. Danns signed a one-year contract extension at the end of the season.Danns retained the captaincy for the 2018–19 season. He scored his first goals on 3 November in a 4–1 win over Macclesfield Town, "smashing home into the top-right corner from the edge of the box" for his second. Lowe said afterwards how pleased he was that Danns' hard work had been rewarded. He found himself in and out of the first team because of injury and his international commitments with Guyana, but still ended up with 34 league appearances (28 starts) as Bury gained promotion back to League One despite the financial turmoil surrounding the club, a winding-up petition pending and players and staff being paid late or not at all.By the time Danns returned from international duty, Bury's financial position had worsened, and after six fixtures were suspended by the EFL pending credible proof of the club's viability, it was expelled from the league on 27 August 2019. Interviewed on radio station Talksport, Danns was highly critical of the role of the owner, who in his view had "literally destroyed lives" by his failure to progress the club in a proper manner.Danns became a free agent after Bury's expulsion from the league, and on 19 September he signed for League One club Tranmere Rovers until the end of the season. He made 24 appearances in all competitions without scoring.In October 2020, Danns signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division club Radcliffe.In November 2020, Danns signed a short term deal with National League club FC Halifax Town. He left the club on 12 January 2021 after appearing in five league games. At the beginning of March, Danns signed for Cymru Premier club Connah's Quay Nomads until the end of the season. He scored once from 16 appearances, the last of which was as a late substitute in the final-day win away to Penybont that confirmed Nomads as 2020–21 Cymru Premier champions.Danns was called up by Guyana for friendlies against Grenada and Saint Lucia in March 2015. He qualifies for the team via his grandfather. He made his debut against Grenada on 29 March, setting up both goals in a 2–0 victory. After missing the first leg of the 2018 World Cup qualifier against Saint Vincent and the Grenadines because his Guyanese passport did not come through in time, Danns scored twice in the second leg, which finished as a 4–4 draw, but his country lost out on away goals.Danns scored in a 2–2 draw with Barbados in a 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League qualifier, which doubled as a qualifying tournament for the CONCACAF Gold Cup. He captained the national side and scored their goal in a 2–1 defeat to French Guiana on 20 November that put them out of contention for Gold Cup qualification. However, CONCACAF awarded Guyana a 3–0 win against Barbados, who had fielded ineligible players, which meant that beating Belize in the final qualifier would be enough to see Guyana through to the Gold Cup for the first time in their history. Danns scored the opening goal from the penalty spot, and later missed a second penalty, as Guyana won 2–1.Danns was named in Guyana's squad for the 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup, played in all three group matches and scored all three of his country's goals. In the second match, he converted two penalties in a 4–2 loss to Panama that eliminated Guyana from the tournament, and in the third, after "dribbling from the left corner of the 18-yard box, Danns cut inside and curled a right-footer off the underside of the crossbar near the top right corner" in a 1–1 draw with Trinidad and Tobago. He was named in the Group Stage Best XI.Danns was born in Liverpool, the son of Neil and Karen Danns. Neil senior was a backing singer on the UK's entry in the 1987 Eurovision Song Contest as well as a European title-winning skateboarder. Danns grew up in Toxteth, a difficult neighbourhood, and credited his parents for maintaining discipline and keeping him from involvement in crime. He has three children; the eldest, Jayden, has been a member of the academy at Liverpool F.C., the club which Danns supported as a boy.In 2010, Danns took a video editing and production course at the London Academy of Media, Film and TV. He was reported to be about to release a single, but did not. His music interests and career were featured in BBC Sport's "The Football League Show" in February 2010. He is a regular user of Twitter.Blackburn RoversColchester UnitedBirmingham CityBlackpoolBuryConnah's Quay Nomads	[ "Hartlepool United F.C.", "Birmingham City F.C.", "Crystal Palace F.C.", "Colchester United F.C.", "Blackpool F.C.", "Bolton Wanderers F.C.", "Huddersfield Town A.F.C.", "Blackburn Rovers F.C.", "Guyana national football team" ]
Which team did Neil Danns play for in 20/11/2012?	November 20, 2012	{ "text": [ "Bristol City F.C.", "Leicester City F.C." ] }	L2_Q3874292_P54_6	Neil Danns plays for Hartlepool United F.C. from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2004. Neil Danns plays for Guyana national football team from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022. Neil Danns plays for Leicester City F.C. from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2014. Neil Danns plays for Blackburn Rovers F.C. from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2004. Neil Danns plays for Bristol City F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013. Neil Danns plays for Colchester United F.C. from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006. Neil Danns plays for Crystal Palace F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2011. Neil Danns plays for Blackpool F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003. Neil Danns plays for Birmingham City F.C. from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2008. Neil Danns plays for Bolton Wanderers F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2014. Neil Danns plays for Huddersfield Town A.F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.	Neil DannsNeil Alexander Danns (born 23 November 1982) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Cymru Premier club Connah's Quay Nomads and the Guyana national team. He began his career in 2000 as a trainee at Blackburn Rovers and subsequently played for Colchester United, Birmingham City, Crystal Palace, Leicester City and Bolton Wanderers and Bury. He became a free agent after Bury were expelled from the Football League, and joined Tranmere Rovers in September 2019 until the end of the season.Danns began his football career on schoolboy forms with Liverpool and spent two years at the Football Association's School of Excellence at Lilleshall. At 16, he chose to leave Liverpool, and signed for Blackburn Rovers as a trainee "in the face of fierce competition". He converted his penalty in the shootout by which Blackburn's youth team beat Liverpool's to reach the , and captained the team in the final, scoring as Blackburn beat Arsenal 3–1 in the second leg having lost the first leg 5–0.Manager Graeme Souness gave Danns a "surprise" debut on 19 September 2002 in the starting eleven for the 1–1 draw with CSKA Sofia in the UEFA Cup; according to the "Lancashire Evening Telegraph", he "didn't let anyone down with a lively performance". He made his first Premier League appearance three days later as a late substitute in a 1–0 win over Leeds United, and went on to make six appearances in all competitions in the 2002–03 season.Ahead of the 2003–04 season, it was expected that Danns would be loaned out to gain first-team experience, and on 4 August, he joined Second Division club Blackpool for an initial one-month loan period, later extended to three months. He started the opening match of the Second Division season, a 5–0 defeat away to Queens Park Rangers. and was sent off in the next, receiving a second yellow card for timewasting near the end of a 3–2 win over Wycombe Wanderers. His first goal for the club, "[hitting] the roof of the net with a screamer from ", began Blackpool's comeback from 2–0 down to win 3–2 at Oldham Athletic, He was sent off for a second time, again for two yellow cards, against Stockport County on 20 September, and scored his second Blackpool goal in his next league match, "rounding the keeper and striking a sweet left-foot shot into the far corner and between the two defenders on the line" to complete a 2–1 win over Notts County. Despite manager Steve McMahon and the players wanting him and fellow Blackburn loanee Jonathan Douglas to stay, both left Blackpool after their three months.Danns "ran his heart out" for the 16 minutes of what proved to be his final appearance for Blackburn Rovers in a 4–3 loss against Bolton Wanderers on 10 January 2004. In March, he joined another Second Division club, Hartlepool United, on a one-month loan, later extended to the end of the season, and as he had with Blackpool, he made his debut in a heavy defeat to Queens Park Rangers. He established himself as a regular in the side, scored the winning goal away to Wrexham in April, and helped Hartlepool reach the play-offs. Danns played in both legs of the semi-final, in which they lost 3–2 on aggregate to Bristol City, having been 2–1 ahead with three minutes plus stoppage time to go.In September 2004, Danns joined League One club Colchester United on loan as injury cover. He started the next match, a 3–1 league win over AFC Bournemouth on 11 September, and scored both goals in a 2–1 defeat of Port Vale on 4 October. The loan was extended for a second month, and Danns was a regular in the first team throughout his 13-match stay, during which he scored four times.In December, disappointed at a perceived lack of opportunity at his parent club, Danns rejoined Colchester for a nominal fee, later reported as £15,000; his 18-month contract included a 30% sell-on clause. He resumed his place in the team and his goalscoring: his eight goals in this spell included both goals in a 2–1 win away to Stockport County in March 2005, and all 36 of his appearances for the season were in the starting eleven. During a match at Tranmere Rovers in February 2005, the hosts' match video commentator referred to Danns using racially offensive terminology; the commentator was sacked.Danns scored against Gillingham in the opening fixture of the 2005–06 season, but his team lost 2–1. He missed most of September with an abdominal injury, and took time to return to full fitness, but a run of goals in January, including two against Derby County to take his side through to the FA Cup fifth round, sparked interest from higher-level teams. However, Danns claimed that the progress Colchester were making allowed him to develop without needing to leave13 years later, he expressed his gratitude to the club for giving him the opportunity to shineand that facing Chelsea in a televised FA Cup-tie "could be the start of another big opportunity". He "kept Colchester ticking" as they came close to earning a replay, and played a major part in his team's promotion to the second tier of English football for the first time in their history. His performances were recognised with a place in the PFA League One Team of the Year.On 19 June 2006, Danns signed a three-year contract with Birmingham City, newly relegated from the Premier League. The fee was an initial £500,000 with the potential to rise to £850,000. He admitted that he "had a great time at Colchester but when a club the size of Birmingham come in for you, it's hard to say no." He started Birmingham's opening fixtureagainst Colchesterand was involved in the first goal of a 2–1 win. In the first half of the season he was a regular on the pitch, either starting or as a used substitute, and scored three times. He set up a goal for Sebastian Larsson's equaliser against Newcastle United that took the third-round FA Cup-tie to a replay at St James's Park, which Birmingham won 5–1. In the second half of the campaign, he was used increasingly little in league matches, making only one start and five substitute appearances after the turn of the year; bids from League Two club Nottingham Forest to take him either permanently or on loan were rejected. He came back into the squad in early April, but his season ended after being sent off for his part in a mass brawl at the end of Birmingham's defeat at Barnsley; he served a three-match ban and was not selected thereafter as Birmingham won four of the last five matches to confirm their promotion to the Premier League as runners-up.Danns was determined to establish himself at Birmingham in the 2007–08 season, tried to take consolation from other players who had returned to the squad after lengthy periods out of it, and worked hard on the defensive aspect of the midfield position, but to no avail. He made two substitute appearances in the Premier League and two League Cup starts under manager Steve Bruce and none at all under his successor Alex McLeish, who told him that he should look elsewhere for first-team football.Danns signed a three-and-a-half-year contract with Championship club Crystal Palace on 22 January 2008 for a fee of £600,000, rising to £850,000 conditional on the club's promotion to the Premier League. He made his debut as a 64th-minute substitute in a draw with Southampton on 4 February, and made two starts that month before a groin injury that needed two operations kept him out until 4 October. He returned as a half-time substitute against Nottingham Forest and was involved in Shefki Kuqi's late winning goal. The comeback was short-lived: after two more matches, an ankle injury kept him out for another couple of months, and it took a considerable time to return to full fitness. He finished the season with 23 appearances in all competitions and three goals, which included a header in a 3–1 win away to Plymouth Argyle (a match in which his error led to Argyle's goal) and a much-needed winner against Preston North End in March.Danns began the 2009–10 season in the starting eleven and largely remained in it. He created goals for others, scored a couple himself, and became increasingly influential as manager Neil Warnock set up the team to play in a style that suited his strengths. Crystal Palace entered administration during the January 2010 transfer window, and the consequent ten-point deduction left the team in danger of relegation. The administrators accepted a bid from Southampton for Danns, but the player rejected the move. Warnock challenged him to "step up and take on the goalscoring duties" from the departed Victor Moses, and he complied, with both goals in a 2–0 win over Peterborough United, a late winner against Scunthorpe United, and two more goals later in the season that took his league tally to eight. However, in the penultimate match of the season, a 1–1 draw with West Bromwich Albion, Danns was sent off for headbutting Graham Dorrans, so was suspended for the visit to Sheffield Wednesday from which Palace needed a point to survive at their hosts' expense. The match was drawn, so Wednesday were relegated. Danns was nominated for Palace's Player of the Year awardaccording to the citation, "his work rate and skill were major reasons Palace stayed up"but lost out to goalkeeper Julián Speroni.Having served his suspension, Danns scored a late consolation goal against Ipswich Town, and converted a penalty as well as setting up the goal that completed James Vaughan's hat-trick against Portsmouth in mid-September. He made a swift return from medial ligament damage suffered at the end of the month and soon returned to form. With his contract due to expire at the end of the season, speculation grew as to whether he would re-sign: an opinion piece in the local paper in the new year suggested that Danns was one of a small group of players who "aren't putting in 110%" and who should be a priority for new manager Dougie Freedman to get "playing from the same tune", and the player made a lengthy response via social media dismissing any suggestion that he was not giving his all for the club or that his recently acquired back problem was chronic and would make him fail a medical. He returned from injury to make a further 14 appearances, taking his total for the club to 114, in the last of which, having still not signed a new contract, he scored the only goal of the match against Leeds United that all but secured Palace's Championship survival. He was again shortlisted as Palace's Player of the Year, and won the Vice-presidents' Player of the Year award.Despite Scottish Premier League club Rangers believing themselves close to signing the player, Danns became Sven-Göran Eriksson's second signing for Championship club Leicester City when he agreed terms on a three-year deal to begin on 1 July after the expiry of his Palace contract. He started the opening game of the season, a 1–0 win over Coventry City, and scored his first goal as Leicester eliminated Bury from the League Cup. Danns was a regular inclusion in the matchday squad, both under Eriksson and his successor Nigel Pearson. He scored his first league goal for Leicester against Blackpool in a 2–0 home win in November; his next opened the scoring against his former club Crystal Palace, and he also took the free kick that led to Leicester's second goal in the 2–1 win. He added three more goals in February and March, and in the absence of Richie Wellens, captained the team against Pearson's former club, Hull City, on 24 March. He was sent off after 57 minutes for a "reckless challenge" on Hull's Paul McKenna, and was not selected again for the rest of the season.At the start of the 2012–13 season, Danns played for 14 minutes in the Championship and made two League Cup appearances, but those were his last before joining Bristol City on 14 November on a month's loan. He made his debut against his former club Blackpool three days later, and in the second match, he set up a goal for Stephen Pearson that helped City end their 11-match winless run with a 3–1 victory at Middlesbrough. His loan was extended for a second month, and he contributed two goals from nine matches before returning to Leicester. Bristol City manager Derek McInnes was keen to extend Danns' stay further, either as another loan or on a permanent basis, but instead he joined another Championship club, Huddersfield Town, on loan until the end of the season.On his debut, he "certainly put in a shift, first on the right hand side of midfield, then after the departure of [Oliver] Norwood, who started reasonably but lost his way, in the centre", in a draw at home to Birmingham City, He was a regular in the starting eleven as Huddersfield avoided relegation back to League One, with 17 league appearances and 2 goals, the first in a 2–1 West Yorkshire derby defeat of Leeds United and the second in a draw with Peterborough, although a toe injury kept him out of the last three fixtures.In January 2013, Danns had dismissed suggestions of a disagreement with Nigel Pearson, and professed himself mystified by his exclusion from consideration at Leicester. At the start of the 2013–14 season, Pearson pointed out how fortunate Leicester were to "have quite a lot of quality in terms of our central midfield options", and that Danns would benefit from regular first-team football elsewhere.On 26 September 2013, Danns signed on loan for Championship club Bolton Wanderers, managed by Dougie Freedman who had coached him at Crystal Palace. He made his first Wanderers appearance in a goalless draw away to Blackpool on 1 October, and his goal in the next match, away to Birmingham, gave his team their first league win of the season. He soon established himself in the team, and scored four goals from thirteen matches over the three-month spell. Freedman admired his industry, his ability to adapt his style of play to the match situation, and the way "he gets you off your seat and makes things happen", and the player was keen to make the move permanent if Leicester were willing.He rejoined Bolton on 3 January 2014 on loan until the end of the season. In February and March, he set up a goal in each of three consecutive wins. At the end of April, Danns signed a one-year contract with Bolton, to begin on 1 July after the expiry of his Leicester deal. Highlighting his work-rate, dynamism, and the positive attitude that set an example to the "younger, hungrier players" prioritised by the manager, the "Bolton News" suggested that "Freedman may have already made the most important signing of the summer".Amid strong competition for a place in Freedman's preferred 4–2–3–1 formation, Danns started his 2014–15 season from the bench in a 3–0 opening-day loss to Watford. After Mark Davies's stoppage-time penalty kept Bolton in the League Cup first-round match against Bury of League Two, Danns scored twice in extra time to take his side through. He started the next Championship match, and remained in the starting eleven for most of the season. Playing on the right of a diamond formation, Danns scored in new manager Neil Lennon's first home match, a 3–1 win against Brentford on 25 October, before Lennon reverted to the system used by Freedman but with more license given to attack-minded players. In January 2015, Lennon described Danns and Darren Pratley as "pivotal" in the way his team was set up to play. but injury to the latter would adversely affect Danns' form.At the end of January, Danns signed a one-year contract extension. Having captained the team in the FA Cup third round, he was sent off in the fourth before Bolton let slip a one-goal lead and went out to Liverpool. Soon afterwards, he received his tenth yellow card of the season and with it a two-match ban. In April, Danns and Barry Bannan were "suspended indefinitely" and fined two weeks' wages for drunken behaviour at the club's hotel; after apologising to all concerned, they missed just one match before Lennon recalled them. Danns finished the season with 47 appearances in all competitions.Danns was considered as stand-in captain after incumbent Pratley was injured, but was not chosen. He scored his first goal of the season on 26 September 2015 in a 2–2 draw with Brighton & Hove Albion during which Jamie Murphy was sent off for fouling him. Accusations of diving prompted Danns to tweet a picture of the damage caused. He played regularly in the first half of the season but in the second, was used off the bench and often out of position. He did not start a league match in 2016 until 9 April, well after Lennon had left the club, in a defeat to Derby County that confirmed Bolton's relegation. Danns was released when his contract expired, having made 81 appearances in his permanent spell.After a trial, Danns signed a two–year contract with League One club Bury on 21 July 2016. He scored in the opening game of the season, a 2–0 win over Charlton Athletic, but ten days later injured a foot and was out for a month. He scored his first Bury goal on 18 October from the penalty spot in a 2–1 loss at home to AFC Wimbledon. He was sent off against Bristol Rovers in December for an off-the-ball incident, so served a three-match ban, and spent the second half of the season on loan to League Two club Blackpool.Danns made his Blackpool debut on 4 February 2017 in a 1–1 draw with Colchester United, but suffered the first hamstring injury of his career the following week and was out for six matches. He played regularly for the rest of the season, and scored in the final match of the regular season, a 3–1 win against Leyton Orient that confirmed Blackpool's play-off place. Danns started in both legs of the semi-final and in the final as Blackpool beat Exeter City to gain promotion to League One.Ahead of the 2017–18 season, manager Lee Clark told Danns that he could not be guaranteed game time and was free to leave. He was not initially given a squad number and had to train away from the senior squad, but remained keen to be part of Bury's campaign. Despite starting in the EFL Trophy and making three appearances (one start) in the league in September, it was not until Clark was sacked and Ryan Lowe took over as caretaker that Danns returned to the side. Against Gillingham on 11 November, he scored his first Bury goal for a year, but a hamstring injury sustained a week later was to keep him out for the rest of 2017. His exclusion had made him contemplate retirement, but Lowe made him captain and his enthusiasm returned. He scored three goals in February and March, but Bury's return to League Two was confirmed with four matches still to go. Danns signed a one-year contract extension at the end of the season.Danns retained the captaincy for the 2018–19 season. He scored his first goals on 3 November in a 4–1 win over Macclesfield Town, "smashing home into the top-right corner from the edge of the box" for his second. Lowe said afterwards how pleased he was that Danns' hard work had been rewarded. He found himself in and out of the first team because of injury and his international commitments with Guyana, but still ended up with 34 league appearances (28 starts) as Bury gained promotion back to League One despite the financial turmoil surrounding the club, a winding-up petition pending and players and staff being paid late or not at all.By the time Danns returned from international duty, Bury's financial position had worsened, and after six fixtures were suspended by the EFL pending credible proof of the club's viability, it was expelled from the league on 27 August 2019. Interviewed on radio station Talksport, Danns was highly critical of the role of the owner, who in his view had "literally destroyed lives" by his failure to progress the club in a proper manner.Danns became a free agent after Bury's expulsion from the league, and on 19 September he signed for League One club Tranmere Rovers until the end of the season. He made 24 appearances in all competitions without scoring.In October 2020, Danns signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division club Radcliffe.In November 2020, Danns signed a short term deal with National League club FC Halifax Town. He left the club on 12 January 2021 after appearing in five league games. At the beginning of March, Danns signed for Cymru Premier club Connah's Quay Nomads until the end of the season. He scored once from 16 appearances, the last of which was as a late substitute in the final-day win away to Penybont that confirmed Nomads as 2020–21 Cymru Premier champions.Danns was called up by Guyana for friendlies against Grenada and Saint Lucia in March 2015. He qualifies for the team via his grandfather. He made his debut against Grenada on 29 March, setting up both goals in a 2–0 victory. After missing the first leg of the 2018 World Cup qualifier against Saint Vincent and the Grenadines because his Guyanese passport did not come through in time, Danns scored twice in the second leg, which finished as a 4–4 draw, but his country lost out on away goals.Danns scored in a 2–2 draw with Barbados in a 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League qualifier, which doubled as a qualifying tournament for the CONCACAF Gold Cup. He captained the national side and scored their goal in a 2–1 defeat to French Guiana on 20 November that put them out of contention for Gold Cup qualification. However, CONCACAF awarded Guyana a 3–0 win against Barbados, who had fielded ineligible players, which meant that beating Belize in the final qualifier would be enough to see Guyana through to the Gold Cup for the first time in their history. Danns scored the opening goal from the penalty spot, and later missed a second penalty, as Guyana won 2–1.Danns was named in Guyana's squad for the 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup, played in all three group matches and scored all three of his country's goals. In the second match, he converted two penalties in a 4–2 loss to Panama that eliminated Guyana from the tournament, and in the third, after "dribbling from the left corner of the 18-yard box, Danns cut inside and curled a right-footer off the underside of the crossbar near the top right corner" in a 1–1 draw with Trinidad and Tobago. He was named in the Group Stage Best XI.Danns was born in Liverpool, the son of Neil and Karen Danns. Neil senior was a backing singer on the UK's entry in the 1987 Eurovision Song Contest as well as a European title-winning skateboarder. Danns grew up in Toxteth, a difficult neighbourhood, and credited his parents for maintaining discipline and keeping him from involvement in crime. He has three children; the eldest, Jayden, has been a member of the academy at Liverpool F.C., the club which Danns supported as a boy.In 2010, Danns took a video editing and production course at the London Academy of Media, Film and TV. He was reported to be about to release a single, but did not. His music interests and career were featured in BBC Sport's "The Football League Show" in February 2010. He is a regular user of Twitter.Blackburn RoversColchester UnitedBirmingham CityBlackpoolBuryConnah's Quay Nomads	[ "Hartlepool United F.C.", "Birmingham City F.C.", "Crystal Palace F.C.", "Colchester United F.C.", "Blackpool F.C.", "Bolton Wanderers F.C.", "Huddersfield Town A.F.C.", "Blackburn Rovers F.C.", "Guyana national football team" ]
Which team did Neil Danns play for in Nov 20, 2012?	November 20, 2012	{ "text": [ "Bristol City F.C.", "Leicester City F.C." ] }	L2_Q3874292_P54_6	Neil Danns plays for Hartlepool United F.C. from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2004. Neil Danns plays for Guyana national football team from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022. Neil Danns plays for Leicester City F.C. from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2014. Neil Danns plays for Blackburn Rovers F.C. from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2004. Neil Danns plays for Bristol City F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013. Neil Danns plays for Colchester United F.C. from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006. Neil Danns plays for Crystal Palace F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2011. Neil Danns plays for Blackpool F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003. Neil Danns plays for Birmingham City F.C. from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2008. Neil Danns plays for Bolton Wanderers F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2014. Neil Danns plays for Huddersfield Town A.F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.	Neil DannsNeil Alexander Danns (born 23 November 1982) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Cymru Premier club Connah's Quay Nomads and the Guyana national team. He began his career in 2000 as a trainee at Blackburn Rovers and subsequently played for Colchester United, Birmingham City, Crystal Palace, Leicester City and Bolton Wanderers and Bury. He became a free agent after Bury were expelled from the Football League, and joined Tranmere Rovers in September 2019 until the end of the season.Danns began his football career on schoolboy forms with Liverpool and spent two years at the Football Association's School of Excellence at Lilleshall. At 16, he chose to leave Liverpool, and signed for Blackburn Rovers as a trainee "in the face of fierce competition". He converted his penalty in the shootout by which Blackburn's youth team beat Liverpool's to reach the , and captained the team in the final, scoring as Blackburn beat Arsenal 3–1 in the second leg having lost the first leg 5–0.Manager Graeme Souness gave Danns a "surprise" debut on 19 September 2002 in the starting eleven for the 1–1 draw with CSKA Sofia in the UEFA Cup; according to the "Lancashire Evening Telegraph", he "didn't let anyone down with a lively performance". He made his first Premier League appearance three days later as a late substitute in a 1–0 win over Leeds United, and went on to make six appearances in all competitions in the 2002–03 season.Ahead of the 2003–04 season, it was expected that Danns would be loaned out to gain first-team experience, and on 4 August, he joined Second Division club Blackpool for an initial one-month loan period, later extended to three months. He started the opening match of the Second Division season, a 5–0 defeat away to Queens Park Rangers. and was sent off in the next, receiving a second yellow card for timewasting near the end of a 3–2 win over Wycombe Wanderers. His first goal for the club, "[hitting] the roof of the net with a screamer from ", began Blackpool's comeback from 2–0 down to win 3–2 at Oldham Athletic, He was sent off for a second time, again for two yellow cards, against Stockport County on 20 September, and scored his second Blackpool goal in his next league match, "rounding the keeper and striking a sweet left-foot shot into the far corner and between the two defenders on the line" to complete a 2–1 win over Notts County. Despite manager Steve McMahon and the players wanting him and fellow Blackburn loanee Jonathan Douglas to stay, both left Blackpool after their three months.Danns "ran his heart out" for the 16 minutes of what proved to be his final appearance for Blackburn Rovers in a 4–3 loss against Bolton Wanderers on 10 January 2004. In March, he joined another Second Division club, Hartlepool United, on a one-month loan, later extended to the end of the season, and as he had with Blackpool, he made his debut in a heavy defeat to Queens Park Rangers. He established himself as a regular in the side, scored the winning goal away to Wrexham in April, and helped Hartlepool reach the play-offs. Danns played in both legs of the semi-final, in which they lost 3–2 on aggregate to Bristol City, having been 2–1 ahead with three minutes plus stoppage time to go.In September 2004, Danns joined League One club Colchester United on loan as injury cover. He started the next match, a 3–1 league win over AFC Bournemouth on 11 September, and scored both goals in a 2–1 defeat of Port Vale on 4 October. The loan was extended for a second month, and Danns was a regular in the first team throughout his 13-match stay, during which he scored four times.In December, disappointed at a perceived lack of opportunity at his parent club, Danns rejoined Colchester for a nominal fee, later reported as £15,000; his 18-month contract included a 30% sell-on clause. He resumed his place in the team and his goalscoring: his eight goals in this spell included both goals in a 2–1 win away to Stockport County in March 2005, and all 36 of his appearances for the season were in the starting eleven. During a match at Tranmere Rovers in February 2005, the hosts' match video commentator referred to Danns using racially offensive terminology; the commentator was sacked.Danns scored against Gillingham in the opening fixture of the 2005–06 season, but his team lost 2–1. He missed most of September with an abdominal injury, and took time to return to full fitness, but a run of goals in January, including two against Derby County to take his side through to the FA Cup fifth round, sparked interest from higher-level teams. However, Danns claimed that the progress Colchester were making allowed him to develop without needing to leave13 years later, he expressed his gratitude to the club for giving him the opportunity to shineand that facing Chelsea in a televised FA Cup-tie "could be the start of another big opportunity". He "kept Colchester ticking" as they came close to earning a replay, and played a major part in his team's promotion to the second tier of English football for the first time in their history. His performances were recognised with a place in the PFA League One Team of the Year.On 19 June 2006, Danns signed a three-year contract with Birmingham City, newly relegated from the Premier League. The fee was an initial £500,000 with the potential to rise to £850,000. He admitted that he "had a great time at Colchester but when a club the size of Birmingham come in for you, it's hard to say no." He started Birmingham's opening fixtureagainst Colchesterand was involved in the first goal of a 2–1 win. In the first half of the season he was a regular on the pitch, either starting or as a used substitute, and scored three times. He set up a goal for Sebastian Larsson's equaliser against Newcastle United that took the third-round FA Cup-tie to a replay at St James's Park, which Birmingham won 5–1. In the second half of the campaign, he was used increasingly little in league matches, making only one start and five substitute appearances after the turn of the year; bids from League Two club Nottingham Forest to take him either permanently or on loan were rejected. He came back into the squad in early April, but his season ended after being sent off for his part in a mass brawl at the end of Birmingham's defeat at Barnsley; he served a three-match ban and was not selected thereafter as Birmingham won four of the last five matches to confirm their promotion to the Premier League as runners-up.Danns was determined to establish himself at Birmingham in the 2007–08 season, tried to take consolation from other players who had returned to the squad after lengthy periods out of it, and worked hard on the defensive aspect of the midfield position, but to no avail. He made two substitute appearances in the Premier League and two League Cup starts under manager Steve Bruce and none at all under his successor Alex McLeish, who told him that he should look elsewhere for first-team football.Danns signed a three-and-a-half-year contract with Championship club Crystal Palace on 22 January 2008 for a fee of £600,000, rising to £850,000 conditional on the club's promotion to the Premier League. He made his debut as a 64th-minute substitute in a draw with Southampton on 4 February, and made two starts that month before a groin injury that needed two operations kept him out until 4 October. He returned as a half-time substitute against Nottingham Forest and was involved in Shefki Kuqi's late winning goal. The comeback was short-lived: after two more matches, an ankle injury kept him out for another couple of months, and it took a considerable time to return to full fitness. He finished the season with 23 appearances in all competitions and three goals, which included a header in a 3–1 win away to Plymouth Argyle (a match in which his error led to Argyle's goal) and a much-needed winner against Preston North End in March.Danns began the 2009–10 season in the starting eleven and largely remained in it. He created goals for others, scored a couple himself, and became increasingly influential as manager Neil Warnock set up the team to play in a style that suited his strengths. Crystal Palace entered administration during the January 2010 transfer window, and the consequent ten-point deduction left the team in danger of relegation. The administrators accepted a bid from Southampton for Danns, but the player rejected the move. Warnock challenged him to "step up and take on the goalscoring duties" from the departed Victor Moses, and he complied, with both goals in a 2–0 win over Peterborough United, a late winner against Scunthorpe United, and two more goals later in the season that took his league tally to eight. However, in the penultimate match of the season, a 1–1 draw with West Bromwich Albion, Danns was sent off for headbutting Graham Dorrans, so was suspended for the visit to Sheffield Wednesday from which Palace needed a point to survive at their hosts' expense. The match was drawn, so Wednesday were relegated. Danns was nominated for Palace's Player of the Year awardaccording to the citation, "his work rate and skill were major reasons Palace stayed up"but lost out to goalkeeper Julián Speroni.Having served his suspension, Danns scored a late consolation goal against Ipswich Town, and converted a penalty as well as setting up the goal that completed James Vaughan's hat-trick against Portsmouth in mid-September. He made a swift return from medial ligament damage suffered at the end of the month and soon returned to form. With his contract due to expire at the end of the season, speculation grew as to whether he would re-sign: an opinion piece in the local paper in the new year suggested that Danns was one of a small group of players who "aren't putting in 110%" and who should be a priority for new manager Dougie Freedman to get "playing from the same tune", and the player made a lengthy response via social media dismissing any suggestion that he was not giving his all for the club or that his recently acquired back problem was chronic and would make him fail a medical. He returned from injury to make a further 14 appearances, taking his total for the club to 114, in the last of which, having still not signed a new contract, he scored the only goal of the match against Leeds United that all but secured Palace's Championship survival. He was again shortlisted as Palace's Player of the Year, and won the Vice-presidents' Player of the Year award.Despite Scottish Premier League club Rangers believing themselves close to signing the player, Danns became Sven-Göran Eriksson's second signing for Championship club Leicester City when he agreed terms on a three-year deal to begin on 1 July after the expiry of his Palace contract. He started the opening game of the season, a 1–0 win over Coventry City, and scored his first goal as Leicester eliminated Bury from the League Cup. Danns was a regular inclusion in the matchday squad, both under Eriksson and his successor Nigel Pearson. He scored his first league goal for Leicester against Blackpool in a 2–0 home win in November; his next opened the scoring against his former club Crystal Palace, and he also took the free kick that led to Leicester's second goal in the 2–1 win. He added three more goals in February and March, and in the absence of Richie Wellens, captained the team against Pearson's former club, Hull City, on 24 March. He was sent off after 57 minutes for a "reckless challenge" on Hull's Paul McKenna, and was not selected again for the rest of the season.At the start of the 2012–13 season, Danns played for 14 minutes in the Championship and made two League Cup appearances, but those were his last before joining Bristol City on 14 November on a month's loan. He made his debut against his former club Blackpool three days later, and in the second match, he set up a goal for Stephen Pearson that helped City end their 11-match winless run with a 3–1 victory at Middlesbrough. His loan was extended for a second month, and he contributed two goals from nine matches before returning to Leicester. Bristol City manager Derek McInnes was keen to extend Danns' stay further, either as another loan or on a permanent basis, but instead he joined another Championship club, Huddersfield Town, on loan until the end of the season.On his debut, he "certainly put in a shift, first on the right hand side of midfield, then after the departure of [Oliver] Norwood, who started reasonably but lost his way, in the centre", in a draw at home to Birmingham City, He was a regular in the starting eleven as Huddersfield avoided relegation back to League One, with 17 league appearances and 2 goals, the first in a 2–1 West Yorkshire derby defeat of Leeds United and the second in a draw with Peterborough, although a toe injury kept him out of the last three fixtures.In January 2013, Danns had dismissed suggestions of a disagreement with Nigel Pearson, and professed himself mystified by his exclusion from consideration at Leicester. At the start of the 2013–14 season, Pearson pointed out how fortunate Leicester were to "have quite a lot of quality in terms of our central midfield options", and that Danns would benefit from regular first-team football elsewhere.On 26 September 2013, Danns signed on loan for Championship club Bolton Wanderers, managed by Dougie Freedman who had coached him at Crystal Palace. He made his first Wanderers appearance in a goalless draw away to Blackpool on 1 October, and his goal in the next match, away to Birmingham, gave his team their first league win of the season. He soon established himself in the team, and scored four goals from thirteen matches over the three-month spell. Freedman admired his industry, his ability to adapt his style of play to the match situation, and the way "he gets you off your seat and makes things happen", and the player was keen to make the move permanent if Leicester were willing.He rejoined Bolton on 3 January 2014 on loan until the end of the season. In February and March, he set up a goal in each of three consecutive wins. At the end of April, Danns signed a one-year contract with Bolton, to begin on 1 July after the expiry of his Leicester deal. Highlighting his work-rate, dynamism, and the positive attitude that set an example to the "younger, hungrier players" prioritised by the manager, the "Bolton News" suggested that "Freedman may have already made the most important signing of the summer".Amid strong competition for a place in Freedman's preferred 4–2–3–1 formation, Danns started his 2014–15 season from the bench in a 3–0 opening-day loss to Watford. After Mark Davies's stoppage-time penalty kept Bolton in the League Cup first-round match against Bury of League Two, Danns scored twice in extra time to take his side through. He started the next Championship match, and remained in the starting eleven for most of the season. Playing on the right of a diamond formation, Danns scored in new manager Neil Lennon's first home match, a 3–1 win against Brentford on 25 October, before Lennon reverted to the system used by Freedman but with more license given to attack-minded players. In January 2015, Lennon described Danns and Darren Pratley as "pivotal" in the way his team was set up to play. but injury to the latter would adversely affect Danns' form.At the end of January, Danns signed a one-year contract extension. Having captained the team in the FA Cup third round, he was sent off in the fourth before Bolton let slip a one-goal lead and went out to Liverpool. Soon afterwards, he received his tenth yellow card of the season and with it a two-match ban. In April, Danns and Barry Bannan were "suspended indefinitely" and fined two weeks' wages for drunken behaviour at the club's hotel; after apologising to all concerned, they missed just one match before Lennon recalled them. Danns finished the season with 47 appearances in all competitions.Danns was considered as stand-in captain after incumbent Pratley was injured, but was not chosen. He scored his first goal of the season on 26 September 2015 in a 2–2 draw with Brighton & Hove Albion during which Jamie Murphy was sent off for fouling him. Accusations of diving prompted Danns to tweet a picture of the damage caused. He played regularly in the first half of the season but in the second, was used off the bench and often out of position. He did not start a league match in 2016 until 9 April, well after Lennon had left the club, in a defeat to Derby County that confirmed Bolton's relegation. Danns was released when his contract expired, having made 81 appearances in his permanent spell.After a trial, Danns signed a two–year contract with League One club Bury on 21 July 2016. He scored in the opening game of the season, a 2–0 win over Charlton Athletic, but ten days later injured a foot and was out for a month. He scored his first Bury goal on 18 October from the penalty spot in a 2–1 loss at home to AFC Wimbledon. He was sent off against Bristol Rovers in December for an off-the-ball incident, so served a three-match ban, and spent the second half of the season on loan to League Two club Blackpool.Danns made his Blackpool debut on 4 February 2017 in a 1–1 draw with Colchester United, but suffered the first hamstring injury of his career the following week and was out for six matches. He played regularly for the rest of the season, and scored in the final match of the regular season, a 3–1 win against Leyton Orient that confirmed Blackpool's play-off place. Danns started in both legs of the semi-final and in the final as Blackpool beat Exeter City to gain promotion to League One.Ahead of the 2017–18 season, manager Lee Clark told Danns that he could not be guaranteed game time and was free to leave. He was not initially given a squad number and had to train away from the senior squad, but remained keen to be part of Bury's campaign. Despite starting in the EFL Trophy and making three appearances (one start) in the league in September, it was not until Clark was sacked and Ryan Lowe took over as caretaker that Danns returned to the side. Against Gillingham on 11 November, he scored his first Bury goal for a year, but a hamstring injury sustained a week later was to keep him out for the rest of 2017. His exclusion had made him contemplate retirement, but Lowe made him captain and his enthusiasm returned. He scored three goals in February and March, but Bury's return to League Two was confirmed with four matches still to go. Danns signed a one-year contract extension at the end of the season.Danns retained the captaincy for the 2018–19 season. He scored his first goals on 3 November in a 4–1 win over Macclesfield Town, "smashing home into the top-right corner from the edge of the box" for his second. Lowe said afterwards how pleased he was that Danns' hard work had been rewarded. He found himself in and out of the first team because of injury and his international commitments with Guyana, but still ended up with 34 league appearances (28 starts) as Bury gained promotion back to League One despite the financial turmoil surrounding the club, a winding-up petition pending and players and staff being paid late or not at all.By the time Danns returned from international duty, Bury's financial position had worsened, and after six fixtures were suspended by the EFL pending credible proof of the club's viability, it was expelled from the league on 27 August 2019. Interviewed on radio station Talksport, Danns was highly critical of the role of the owner, who in his view had "literally destroyed lives" by his failure to progress the club in a proper manner.Danns became a free agent after Bury's expulsion from the league, and on 19 September he signed for League One club Tranmere Rovers until the end of the season. He made 24 appearances in all competitions without scoring.In October 2020, Danns signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division club Radcliffe.In November 2020, Danns signed a short term deal with National League club FC Halifax Town. He left the club on 12 January 2021 after appearing in five league games. At the beginning of March, Danns signed for Cymru Premier club Connah's Quay Nomads until the end of the season. He scored once from 16 appearances, the last of which was as a late substitute in the final-day win away to Penybont that confirmed Nomads as 2020–21 Cymru Premier champions.Danns was called up by Guyana for friendlies against Grenada and Saint Lucia in March 2015. He qualifies for the team via his grandfather. He made his debut against Grenada on 29 March, setting up both goals in a 2–0 victory. After missing the first leg of the 2018 World Cup qualifier against Saint Vincent and the Grenadines because his Guyanese passport did not come through in time, Danns scored twice in the second leg, which finished as a 4–4 draw, but his country lost out on away goals.Danns scored in a 2–2 draw with Barbados in a 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League qualifier, which doubled as a qualifying tournament for the CONCACAF Gold Cup. He captained the national side and scored their goal in a 2–1 defeat to French Guiana on 20 November that put them out of contention for Gold Cup qualification. However, CONCACAF awarded Guyana a 3–0 win against Barbados, who had fielded ineligible players, which meant that beating Belize in the final qualifier would be enough to see Guyana through to the Gold Cup for the first time in their history. Danns scored the opening goal from the penalty spot, and later missed a second penalty, as Guyana won 2–1.Danns was named in Guyana's squad for the 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup, played in all three group matches and scored all three of his country's goals. In the second match, he converted two penalties in a 4–2 loss to Panama that eliminated Guyana from the tournament, and in the third, after "dribbling from the left corner of the 18-yard box, Danns cut inside and curled a right-footer off the underside of the crossbar near the top right corner" in a 1–1 draw with Trinidad and Tobago. He was named in the Group Stage Best XI.Danns was born in Liverpool, the son of Neil and Karen Danns. Neil senior was a backing singer on the UK's entry in the 1987 Eurovision Song Contest as well as a European title-winning skateboarder. Danns grew up in Toxteth, a difficult neighbourhood, and credited his parents for maintaining discipline and keeping him from involvement in crime. He has three children; the eldest, Jayden, has been a member of the academy at Liverpool F.C., the club which Danns supported as a boy.In 2010, Danns took a video editing and production course at the London Academy of Media, Film and TV. He was reported to be about to release a single, but did not. His music interests and career were featured in BBC Sport's "The Football League Show" in February 2010. He is a regular user of Twitter.Blackburn RoversColchester UnitedBirmingham CityBlackpoolBuryConnah's Quay Nomads	[ "Hartlepool United F.C.", "Birmingham City F.C.", "Crystal Palace F.C.", "Colchester United F.C.", "Blackpool F.C.", "Bolton Wanderers F.C.", "Huddersfield Town A.F.C.", "Blackburn Rovers F.C.", "Guyana national football team" ]
Which team did Neil Danns play for in 11/20/2012?	November 20, 2012	{ "text": [ "Bristol City F.C.", "Leicester City F.C." ] }	L2_Q3874292_P54_6	Neil Danns plays for Hartlepool United F.C. from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2004. Neil Danns plays for Guyana national football team from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022. Neil Danns plays for Leicester City F.C. from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2014. Neil Danns plays for Blackburn Rovers F.C. from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2004. Neil Danns plays for Bristol City F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013. Neil Danns plays for Colchester United F.C. from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006. Neil Danns plays for Crystal Palace F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2011. Neil Danns plays for Blackpool F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003. Neil Danns plays for Birmingham City F.C. from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2008. Neil Danns plays for Bolton Wanderers F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2014. Neil Danns plays for Huddersfield Town A.F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.	Neil DannsNeil Alexander Danns (born 23 November 1982) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Cymru Premier club Connah's Quay Nomads and the Guyana national team. He began his career in 2000 as a trainee at Blackburn Rovers and subsequently played for Colchester United, Birmingham City, Crystal Palace, Leicester City and Bolton Wanderers and Bury. He became a free agent after Bury were expelled from the Football League, and joined Tranmere Rovers in September 2019 until the end of the season.Danns began his football career on schoolboy forms with Liverpool and spent two years at the Football Association's School of Excellence at Lilleshall. At 16, he chose to leave Liverpool, and signed for Blackburn Rovers as a trainee "in the face of fierce competition". He converted his penalty in the shootout by which Blackburn's youth team beat Liverpool's to reach the , and captained the team in the final, scoring as Blackburn beat Arsenal 3–1 in the second leg having lost the first leg 5–0.Manager Graeme Souness gave Danns a "surprise" debut on 19 September 2002 in the starting eleven for the 1–1 draw with CSKA Sofia in the UEFA Cup; according to the "Lancashire Evening Telegraph", he "didn't let anyone down with a lively performance". He made his first Premier League appearance three days later as a late substitute in a 1–0 win over Leeds United, and went on to make six appearances in all competitions in the 2002–03 season.Ahead of the 2003–04 season, it was expected that Danns would be loaned out to gain first-team experience, and on 4 August, he joined Second Division club Blackpool for an initial one-month loan period, later extended to three months. He started the opening match of the Second Division season, a 5–0 defeat away to Queens Park Rangers. and was sent off in the next, receiving a second yellow card for timewasting near the end of a 3–2 win over Wycombe Wanderers. His first goal for the club, "[hitting] the roof of the net with a screamer from ", began Blackpool's comeback from 2–0 down to win 3–2 at Oldham Athletic, He was sent off for a second time, again for two yellow cards, against Stockport County on 20 September, and scored his second Blackpool goal in his next league match, "rounding the keeper and striking a sweet left-foot shot into the far corner and between the two defenders on the line" to complete a 2–1 win over Notts County. Despite manager Steve McMahon and the players wanting him and fellow Blackburn loanee Jonathan Douglas to stay, both left Blackpool after their three months.Danns "ran his heart out" for the 16 minutes of what proved to be his final appearance for Blackburn Rovers in a 4–3 loss against Bolton Wanderers on 10 January 2004. In March, he joined another Second Division club, Hartlepool United, on a one-month loan, later extended to the end of the season, and as he had with Blackpool, he made his debut in a heavy defeat to Queens Park Rangers. He established himself as a regular in the side, scored the winning goal away to Wrexham in April, and helped Hartlepool reach the play-offs. Danns played in both legs of the semi-final, in which they lost 3–2 on aggregate to Bristol City, having been 2–1 ahead with three minutes plus stoppage time to go.In September 2004, Danns joined League One club Colchester United on loan as injury cover. He started the next match, a 3–1 league win over AFC Bournemouth on 11 September, and scored both goals in a 2–1 defeat of Port Vale on 4 October. The loan was extended for a second month, and Danns was a regular in the first team throughout his 13-match stay, during which he scored four times.In December, disappointed at a perceived lack of opportunity at his parent club, Danns rejoined Colchester for a nominal fee, later reported as £15,000; his 18-month contract included a 30% sell-on clause. He resumed his place in the team and his goalscoring: his eight goals in this spell included both goals in a 2–1 win away to Stockport County in March 2005, and all 36 of his appearances for the season were in the starting eleven. During a match at Tranmere Rovers in February 2005, the hosts' match video commentator referred to Danns using racially offensive terminology; the commentator was sacked.Danns scored against Gillingham in the opening fixture of the 2005–06 season, but his team lost 2–1. He missed most of September with an abdominal injury, and took time to return to full fitness, but a run of goals in January, including two against Derby County to take his side through to the FA Cup fifth round, sparked interest from higher-level teams. However, Danns claimed that the progress Colchester were making allowed him to develop without needing to leave13 years later, he expressed his gratitude to the club for giving him the opportunity to shineand that facing Chelsea in a televised FA Cup-tie "could be the start of another big opportunity". He "kept Colchester ticking" as they came close to earning a replay, and played a major part in his team's promotion to the second tier of English football for the first time in their history. His performances were recognised with a place in the PFA League One Team of the Year.On 19 June 2006, Danns signed a three-year contract with Birmingham City, newly relegated from the Premier League. The fee was an initial £500,000 with the potential to rise to £850,000. He admitted that he "had a great time at Colchester but when a club the size of Birmingham come in for you, it's hard to say no." He started Birmingham's opening fixtureagainst Colchesterand was involved in the first goal of a 2–1 win. In the first half of the season he was a regular on the pitch, either starting or as a used substitute, and scored three times. He set up a goal for Sebastian Larsson's equaliser against Newcastle United that took the third-round FA Cup-tie to a replay at St James's Park, which Birmingham won 5–1. In the second half of the campaign, he was used increasingly little in league matches, making only one start and five substitute appearances after the turn of the year; bids from League Two club Nottingham Forest to take him either permanently or on loan were rejected. He came back into the squad in early April, but his season ended after being sent off for his part in a mass brawl at the end of Birmingham's defeat at Barnsley; he served a three-match ban and was not selected thereafter as Birmingham won four of the last five matches to confirm their promotion to the Premier League as runners-up.Danns was determined to establish himself at Birmingham in the 2007–08 season, tried to take consolation from other players who had returned to the squad after lengthy periods out of it, and worked hard on the defensive aspect of the midfield position, but to no avail. He made two substitute appearances in the Premier League and two League Cup starts under manager Steve Bruce and none at all under his successor Alex McLeish, who told him that he should look elsewhere for first-team football.Danns signed a three-and-a-half-year contract with Championship club Crystal Palace on 22 January 2008 for a fee of £600,000, rising to £850,000 conditional on the club's promotion to the Premier League. He made his debut as a 64th-minute substitute in a draw with Southampton on 4 February, and made two starts that month before a groin injury that needed two operations kept him out until 4 October. He returned as a half-time substitute against Nottingham Forest and was involved in Shefki Kuqi's late winning goal. The comeback was short-lived: after two more matches, an ankle injury kept him out for another couple of months, and it took a considerable time to return to full fitness. He finished the season with 23 appearances in all competitions and three goals, which included a header in a 3–1 win away to Plymouth Argyle (a match in which his error led to Argyle's goal) and a much-needed winner against Preston North End in March.Danns began the 2009–10 season in the starting eleven and largely remained in it. He created goals for others, scored a couple himself, and became increasingly influential as manager Neil Warnock set up the team to play in a style that suited his strengths. Crystal Palace entered administration during the January 2010 transfer window, and the consequent ten-point deduction left the team in danger of relegation. The administrators accepted a bid from Southampton for Danns, but the player rejected the move. Warnock challenged him to "step up and take on the goalscoring duties" from the departed Victor Moses, and he complied, with both goals in a 2–0 win over Peterborough United, a late winner against Scunthorpe United, and two more goals later in the season that took his league tally to eight. However, in the penultimate match of the season, a 1–1 draw with West Bromwich Albion, Danns was sent off for headbutting Graham Dorrans, so was suspended for the visit to Sheffield Wednesday from which Palace needed a point to survive at their hosts' expense. The match was drawn, so Wednesday were relegated. Danns was nominated for Palace's Player of the Year awardaccording to the citation, "his work rate and skill were major reasons Palace stayed up"but lost out to goalkeeper Julián Speroni.Having served his suspension, Danns scored a late consolation goal against Ipswich Town, and converted a penalty as well as setting up the goal that completed James Vaughan's hat-trick against Portsmouth in mid-September. He made a swift return from medial ligament damage suffered at the end of the month and soon returned to form. With his contract due to expire at the end of the season, speculation grew as to whether he would re-sign: an opinion piece in the local paper in the new year suggested that Danns was one of a small group of players who "aren't putting in 110%" and who should be a priority for new manager Dougie Freedman to get "playing from the same tune", and the player made a lengthy response via social media dismissing any suggestion that he was not giving his all for the club or that his recently acquired back problem was chronic and would make him fail a medical. He returned from injury to make a further 14 appearances, taking his total for the club to 114, in the last of which, having still not signed a new contract, he scored the only goal of the match against Leeds United that all but secured Palace's Championship survival. He was again shortlisted as Palace's Player of the Year, and won the Vice-presidents' Player of the Year award.Despite Scottish Premier League club Rangers believing themselves close to signing the player, Danns became Sven-Göran Eriksson's second signing for Championship club Leicester City when he agreed terms on a three-year deal to begin on 1 July after the expiry of his Palace contract. He started the opening game of the season, a 1–0 win over Coventry City, and scored his first goal as Leicester eliminated Bury from the League Cup. Danns was a regular inclusion in the matchday squad, both under Eriksson and his successor Nigel Pearson. He scored his first league goal for Leicester against Blackpool in a 2–0 home win in November; his next opened the scoring against his former club Crystal Palace, and he also took the free kick that led to Leicester's second goal in the 2–1 win. He added three more goals in February and March, and in the absence of Richie Wellens, captained the team against Pearson's former club, Hull City, on 24 March. He was sent off after 57 minutes for a "reckless challenge" on Hull's Paul McKenna, and was not selected again for the rest of the season.At the start of the 2012–13 season, Danns played for 14 minutes in the Championship and made two League Cup appearances, but those were his last before joining Bristol City on 14 November on a month's loan. He made his debut against his former club Blackpool three days later, and in the second match, he set up a goal for Stephen Pearson that helped City end their 11-match winless run with a 3–1 victory at Middlesbrough. His loan was extended for a second month, and he contributed two goals from nine matches before returning to Leicester. Bristol City manager Derek McInnes was keen to extend Danns' stay further, either as another loan or on a permanent basis, but instead he joined another Championship club, Huddersfield Town, on loan until the end of the season.On his debut, he "certainly put in a shift, first on the right hand side of midfield, then after the departure of [Oliver] Norwood, who started reasonably but lost his way, in the centre", in a draw at home to Birmingham City, He was a regular in the starting eleven as Huddersfield avoided relegation back to League One, with 17 league appearances and 2 goals, the first in a 2–1 West Yorkshire derby defeat of Leeds United and the second in a draw with Peterborough, although a toe injury kept him out of the last three fixtures.In January 2013, Danns had dismissed suggestions of a disagreement with Nigel Pearson, and professed himself mystified by his exclusion from consideration at Leicester. At the start of the 2013–14 season, Pearson pointed out how fortunate Leicester were to "have quite a lot of quality in terms of our central midfield options", and that Danns would benefit from regular first-team football elsewhere.On 26 September 2013, Danns signed on loan for Championship club Bolton Wanderers, managed by Dougie Freedman who had coached him at Crystal Palace. He made his first Wanderers appearance in a goalless draw away to Blackpool on 1 October, and his goal in the next match, away to Birmingham, gave his team their first league win of the season. He soon established himself in the team, and scored four goals from thirteen matches over the three-month spell. Freedman admired his industry, his ability to adapt his style of play to the match situation, and the way "he gets you off your seat and makes things happen", and the player was keen to make the move permanent if Leicester were willing.He rejoined Bolton on 3 January 2014 on loan until the end of the season. In February and March, he set up a goal in each of three consecutive wins. At the end of April, Danns signed a one-year contract with Bolton, to begin on 1 July after the expiry of his Leicester deal. Highlighting his work-rate, dynamism, and the positive attitude that set an example to the "younger, hungrier players" prioritised by the manager, the "Bolton News" suggested that "Freedman may have already made the most important signing of the summer".Amid strong competition for a place in Freedman's preferred 4–2–3–1 formation, Danns started his 2014–15 season from the bench in a 3–0 opening-day loss to Watford. After Mark Davies's stoppage-time penalty kept Bolton in the League Cup first-round match against Bury of League Two, Danns scored twice in extra time to take his side through. He started the next Championship match, and remained in the starting eleven for most of the season. Playing on the right of a diamond formation, Danns scored in new manager Neil Lennon's first home match, a 3–1 win against Brentford on 25 October, before Lennon reverted to the system used by Freedman but with more license given to attack-minded players. In January 2015, Lennon described Danns and Darren Pratley as "pivotal" in the way his team was set up to play. but injury to the latter would adversely affect Danns' form.At the end of January, Danns signed a one-year contract extension. Having captained the team in the FA Cup third round, he was sent off in the fourth before Bolton let slip a one-goal lead and went out to Liverpool. Soon afterwards, he received his tenth yellow card of the season and with it a two-match ban. In April, Danns and Barry Bannan were "suspended indefinitely" and fined two weeks' wages for drunken behaviour at the club's hotel; after apologising to all concerned, they missed just one match before Lennon recalled them. Danns finished the season with 47 appearances in all competitions.Danns was considered as stand-in captain after incumbent Pratley was injured, but was not chosen. He scored his first goal of the season on 26 September 2015 in a 2–2 draw with Brighton & Hove Albion during which Jamie Murphy was sent off for fouling him. Accusations of diving prompted Danns to tweet a picture of the damage caused. He played regularly in the first half of the season but in the second, was used off the bench and often out of position. He did not start a league match in 2016 until 9 April, well after Lennon had left the club, in a defeat to Derby County that confirmed Bolton's relegation. Danns was released when his contract expired, having made 81 appearances in his permanent spell.After a trial, Danns signed a two–year contract with League One club Bury on 21 July 2016. He scored in the opening game of the season, a 2–0 win over Charlton Athletic, but ten days later injured a foot and was out for a month. He scored his first Bury goal on 18 October from the penalty spot in a 2–1 loss at home to AFC Wimbledon. He was sent off against Bristol Rovers in December for an off-the-ball incident, so served a three-match ban, and spent the second half of the season on loan to League Two club Blackpool.Danns made his Blackpool debut on 4 February 2017 in a 1–1 draw with Colchester United, but suffered the first hamstring injury of his career the following week and was out for six matches. He played regularly for the rest of the season, and scored in the final match of the regular season, a 3–1 win against Leyton Orient that confirmed Blackpool's play-off place. Danns started in both legs of the semi-final and in the final as Blackpool beat Exeter City to gain promotion to League One.Ahead of the 2017–18 season, manager Lee Clark told Danns that he could not be guaranteed game time and was free to leave. He was not initially given a squad number and had to train away from the senior squad, but remained keen to be part of Bury's campaign. Despite starting in the EFL Trophy and making three appearances (one start) in the league in September, it was not until Clark was sacked and Ryan Lowe took over as caretaker that Danns returned to the side. Against Gillingham on 11 November, he scored his first Bury goal for a year, but a hamstring injury sustained a week later was to keep him out for the rest of 2017. His exclusion had made him contemplate retirement, but Lowe made him captain and his enthusiasm returned. He scored three goals in February and March, but Bury's return to League Two was confirmed with four matches still to go. Danns signed a one-year contract extension at the end of the season.Danns retained the captaincy for the 2018–19 season. He scored his first goals on 3 November in a 4–1 win over Macclesfield Town, "smashing home into the top-right corner from the edge of the box" for his second. Lowe said afterwards how pleased he was that Danns' hard work had been rewarded. He found himself in and out of the first team because of injury and his international commitments with Guyana, but still ended up with 34 league appearances (28 starts) as Bury gained promotion back to League One despite the financial turmoil surrounding the club, a winding-up petition pending and players and staff being paid late or not at all.By the time Danns returned from international duty, Bury's financial position had worsened, and after six fixtures were suspended by the EFL pending credible proof of the club's viability, it was expelled from the league on 27 August 2019. Interviewed on radio station Talksport, Danns was highly critical of the role of the owner, who in his view had "literally destroyed lives" by his failure to progress the club in a proper manner.Danns became a free agent after Bury's expulsion from the league, and on 19 September he signed for League One club Tranmere Rovers until the end of the season. He made 24 appearances in all competitions without scoring.In October 2020, Danns signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division club Radcliffe.In November 2020, Danns signed a short term deal with National League club FC Halifax Town. He left the club on 12 January 2021 after appearing in five league games. At the beginning of March, Danns signed for Cymru Premier club Connah's Quay Nomads until the end of the season. He scored once from 16 appearances, the last of which was as a late substitute in the final-day win away to Penybont that confirmed Nomads as 2020–21 Cymru Premier champions.Danns was called up by Guyana for friendlies against Grenada and Saint Lucia in March 2015. He qualifies for the team via his grandfather. He made his debut against Grenada on 29 March, setting up both goals in a 2–0 victory. After missing the first leg of the 2018 World Cup qualifier against Saint Vincent and the Grenadines because his Guyanese passport did not come through in time, Danns scored twice in the second leg, which finished as a 4–4 draw, but his country lost out on away goals.Danns scored in a 2–2 draw with Barbados in a 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League qualifier, which doubled as a qualifying tournament for the CONCACAF Gold Cup. He captained the national side and scored their goal in a 2–1 defeat to French Guiana on 20 November that put them out of contention for Gold Cup qualification. However, CONCACAF awarded Guyana a 3–0 win against Barbados, who had fielded ineligible players, which meant that beating Belize in the final qualifier would be enough to see Guyana through to the Gold Cup for the first time in their history. Danns scored the opening goal from the penalty spot, and later missed a second penalty, as Guyana won 2–1.Danns was named in Guyana's squad for the 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup, played in all three group matches and scored all three of his country's goals. In the second match, he converted two penalties in a 4–2 loss to Panama that eliminated Guyana from the tournament, and in the third, after "dribbling from the left corner of the 18-yard box, Danns cut inside and curled a right-footer off the underside of the crossbar near the top right corner" in a 1–1 draw with Trinidad and Tobago. He was named in the Group Stage Best XI.Danns was born in Liverpool, the son of Neil and Karen Danns. Neil senior was a backing singer on the UK's entry in the 1987 Eurovision Song Contest as well as a European title-winning skateboarder. Danns grew up in Toxteth, a difficult neighbourhood, and credited his parents for maintaining discipline and keeping him from involvement in crime. He has three children; the eldest, Jayden, has been a member of the academy at Liverpool F.C., the club which Danns supported as a boy.In 2010, Danns took a video editing and production course at the London Academy of Media, Film and TV. He was reported to be about to release a single, but did not. His music interests and career were featured in BBC Sport's "The Football League Show" in February 2010. He is a regular user of Twitter.Blackburn RoversColchester UnitedBirmingham CityBlackpoolBuryConnah's Quay Nomads	[ "Hartlepool United F.C.", "Birmingham City F.C.", "Crystal Palace F.C.", "Colchester United F.C.", "Blackpool F.C.", "Bolton Wanderers F.C.", "Huddersfield Town A.F.C.", "Blackburn Rovers F.C.", "Guyana national football team" ]
Which team did Neil Danns play for in 20-Nov-201220-November-2012?	November 20, 2012	{ "text": [ "Bristol City F.C.", "Leicester City F.C." ] }	L2_Q3874292_P54_6	Neil Danns plays for Hartlepool United F.C. from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2004. Neil Danns plays for Guyana national football team from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022. Neil Danns plays for Leicester City F.C. from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2014. Neil Danns plays for Blackburn Rovers F.C. from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2004. Neil Danns plays for Bristol City F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013. Neil Danns plays for Colchester United F.C. from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006. Neil Danns plays for Crystal Palace F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2011. Neil Danns plays for Blackpool F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003. Neil Danns plays for Birmingham City F.C. from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2008. Neil Danns plays for Bolton Wanderers F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2014. Neil Danns plays for Huddersfield Town A.F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.	Neil DannsNeil Alexander Danns (born 23 November 1982) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Cymru Premier club Connah's Quay Nomads and the Guyana national team. He began his career in 2000 as a trainee at Blackburn Rovers and subsequently played for Colchester United, Birmingham City, Crystal Palace, Leicester City and Bolton Wanderers and Bury. He became a free agent after Bury were expelled from the Football League, and joined Tranmere Rovers in September 2019 until the end of the season.Danns began his football career on schoolboy forms with Liverpool and spent two years at the Football Association's School of Excellence at Lilleshall. At 16, he chose to leave Liverpool, and signed for Blackburn Rovers as a trainee "in the face of fierce competition". He converted his penalty in the shootout by which Blackburn's youth team beat Liverpool's to reach the , and captained the team in the final, scoring as Blackburn beat Arsenal 3–1 in the second leg having lost the first leg 5–0.Manager Graeme Souness gave Danns a "surprise" debut on 19 September 2002 in the starting eleven for the 1–1 draw with CSKA Sofia in the UEFA Cup; according to the "Lancashire Evening Telegraph", he "didn't let anyone down with a lively performance". He made his first Premier League appearance three days later as a late substitute in a 1–0 win over Leeds United, and went on to make six appearances in all competitions in the 2002–03 season.Ahead of the 2003–04 season, it was expected that Danns would be loaned out to gain first-team experience, and on 4 August, he joined Second Division club Blackpool for an initial one-month loan period, later extended to three months. He started the opening match of the Second Division season, a 5–0 defeat away to Queens Park Rangers. and was sent off in the next, receiving a second yellow card for timewasting near the end of a 3–2 win over Wycombe Wanderers. His first goal for the club, "[hitting] the roof of the net with a screamer from ", began Blackpool's comeback from 2–0 down to win 3–2 at Oldham Athletic, He was sent off for a second time, again for two yellow cards, against Stockport County on 20 September, and scored his second Blackpool goal in his next league match, "rounding the keeper and striking a sweet left-foot shot into the far corner and between the two defenders on the line" to complete a 2–1 win over Notts County. Despite manager Steve McMahon and the players wanting him and fellow Blackburn loanee Jonathan Douglas to stay, both left Blackpool after their three months.Danns "ran his heart out" for the 16 minutes of what proved to be his final appearance for Blackburn Rovers in a 4–3 loss against Bolton Wanderers on 10 January 2004. In March, he joined another Second Division club, Hartlepool United, on a one-month loan, later extended to the end of the season, and as he had with Blackpool, he made his debut in a heavy defeat to Queens Park Rangers. He established himself as a regular in the side, scored the winning goal away to Wrexham in April, and helped Hartlepool reach the play-offs. Danns played in both legs of the semi-final, in which they lost 3–2 on aggregate to Bristol City, having been 2–1 ahead with three minutes plus stoppage time to go.In September 2004, Danns joined League One club Colchester United on loan as injury cover. He started the next match, a 3–1 league win over AFC Bournemouth on 11 September, and scored both goals in a 2–1 defeat of Port Vale on 4 October. The loan was extended for a second month, and Danns was a regular in the first team throughout his 13-match stay, during which he scored four times.In December, disappointed at a perceived lack of opportunity at his parent club, Danns rejoined Colchester for a nominal fee, later reported as £15,000; his 18-month contract included a 30% sell-on clause. He resumed his place in the team and his goalscoring: his eight goals in this spell included both goals in a 2–1 win away to Stockport County in March 2005, and all 36 of his appearances for the season were in the starting eleven. During a match at Tranmere Rovers in February 2005, the hosts' match video commentator referred to Danns using racially offensive terminology; the commentator was sacked.Danns scored against Gillingham in the opening fixture of the 2005–06 season, but his team lost 2–1. He missed most of September with an abdominal injury, and took time to return to full fitness, but a run of goals in January, including two against Derby County to take his side through to the FA Cup fifth round, sparked interest from higher-level teams. However, Danns claimed that the progress Colchester were making allowed him to develop without needing to leave13 years later, he expressed his gratitude to the club for giving him the opportunity to shineand that facing Chelsea in a televised FA Cup-tie "could be the start of another big opportunity". He "kept Colchester ticking" as they came close to earning a replay, and played a major part in his team's promotion to the second tier of English football for the first time in their history. His performances were recognised with a place in the PFA League One Team of the Year.On 19 June 2006, Danns signed a three-year contract with Birmingham City, newly relegated from the Premier League. The fee was an initial £500,000 with the potential to rise to £850,000. He admitted that he "had a great time at Colchester but when a club the size of Birmingham come in for you, it's hard to say no." He started Birmingham's opening fixtureagainst Colchesterand was involved in the first goal of a 2–1 win. In the first half of the season he was a regular on the pitch, either starting or as a used substitute, and scored three times. He set up a goal for Sebastian Larsson's equaliser against Newcastle United that took the third-round FA Cup-tie to a replay at St James's Park, which Birmingham won 5–1. In the second half of the campaign, he was used increasingly little in league matches, making only one start and five substitute appearances after the turn of the year; bids from League Two club Nottingham Forest to take him either permanently or on loan were rejected. He came back into the squad in early April, but his season ended after being sent off for his part in a mass brawl at the end of Birmingham's defeat at Barnsley; he served a three-match ban and was not selected thereafter as Birmingham won four of the last five matches to confirm their promotion to the Premier League as runners-up.Danns was determined to establish himself at Birmingham in the 2007–08 season, tried to take consolation from other players who had returned to the squad after lengthy periods out of it, and worked hard on the defensive aspect of the midfield position, but to no avail. He made two substitute appearances in the Premier League and two League Cup starts under manager Steve Bruce and none at all under his successor Alex McLeish, who told him that he should look elsewhere for first-team football.Danns signed a three-and-a-half-year contract with Championship club Crystal Palace on 22 January 2008 for a fee of £600,000, rising to £850,000 conditional on the club's promotion to the Premier League. He made his debut as a 64th-minute substitute in a draw with Southampton on 4 February, and made two starts that month before a groin injury that needed two operations kept him out until 4 October. He returned as a half-time substitute against Nottingham Forest and was involved in Shefki Kuqi's late winning goal. The comeback was short-lived: after two more matches, an ankle injury kept him out for another couple of months, and it took a considerable time to return to full fitness. He finished the season with 23 appearances in all competitions and three goals, which included a header in a 3–1 win away to Plymouth Argyle (a match in which his error led to Argyle's goal) and a much-needed winner against Preston North End in March.Danns began the 2009–10 season in the starting eleven and largely remained in it. He created goals for others, scored a couple himself, and became increasingly influential as manager Neil Warnock set up the team to play in a style that suited his strengths. Crystal Palace entered administration during the January 2010 transfer window, and the consequent ten-point deduction left the team in danger of relegation. The administrators accepted a bid from Southampton for Danns, but the player rejected the move. Warnock challenged him to "step up and take on the goalscoring duties" from the departed Victor Moses, and he complied, with both goals in a 2–0 win over Peterborough United, a late winner against Scunthorpe United, and two more goals later in the season that took his league tally to eight. However, in the penultimate match of the season, a 1–1 draw with West Bromwich Albion, Danns was sent off for headbutting Graham Dorrans, so was suspended for the visit to Sheffield Wednesday from which Palace needed a point to survive at their hosts' expense. The match was drawn, so Wednesday were relegated. Danns was nominated for Palace's Player of the Year awardaccording to the citation, "his work rate and skill were major reasons Palace stayed up"but lost out to goalkeeper Julián Speroni.Having served his suspension, Danns scored a late consolation goal against Ipswich Town, and converted a penalty as well as setting up the goal that completed James Vaughan's hat-trick against Portsmouth in mid-September. He made a swift return from medial ligament damage suffered at the end of the month and soon returned to form. With his contract due to expire at the end of the season, speculation grew as to whether he would re-sign: an opinion piece in the local paper in the new year suggested that Danns was one of a small group of players who "aren't putting in 110%" and who should be a priority for new manager Dougie Freedman to get "playing from the same tune", and the player made a lengthy response via social media dismissing any suggestion that he was not giving his all for the club or that his recently acquired back problem was chronic and would make him fail a medical. He returned from injury to make a further 14 appearances, taking his total for the club to 114, in the last of which, having still not signed a new contract, he scored the only goal of the match against Leeds United that all but secured Palace's Championship survival. He was again shortlisted as Palace's Player of the Year, and won the Vice-presidents' Player of the Year award.Despite Scottish Premier League club Rangers believing themselves close to signing the player, Danns became Sven-Göran Eriksson's second signing for Championship club Leicester City when he agreed terms on a three-year deal to begin on 1 July after the expiry of his Palace contract. He started the opening game of the season, a 1–0 win over Coventry City, and scored his first goal as Leicester eliminated Bury from the League Cup. Danns was a regular inclusion in the matchday squad, both under Eriksson and his successor Nigel Pearson. He scored his first league goal for Leicester against Blackpool in a 2–0 home win in November; his next opened the scoring against his former club Crystal Palace, and he also took the free kick that led to Leicester's second goal in the 2–1 win. He added three more goals in February and March, and in the absence of Richie Wellens, captained the team against Pearson's former club, Hull City, on 24 March. He was sent off after 57 minutes for a "reckless challenge" on Hull's Paul McKenna, and was not selected again for the rest of the season.At the start of the 2012–13 season, Danns played for 14 minutes in the Championship and made two League Cup appearances, but those were his last before joining Bristol City on 14 November on a month's loan. He made his debut against his former club Blackpool three days later, and in the second match, he set up a goal for Stephen Pearson that helped City end their 11-match winless run with a 3–1 victory at Middlesbrough. His loan was extended for a second month, and he contributed two goals from nine matches before returning to Leicester. Bristol City manager Derek McInnes was keen to extend Danns' stay further, either as another loan or on a permanent basis, but instead he joined another Championship club, Huddersfield Town, on loan until the end of the season.On his debut, he "certainly put in a shift, first on the right hand side of midfield, then after the departure of [Oliver] Norwood, who started reasonably but lost his way, in the centre", in a draw at home to Birmingham City, He was a regular in the starting eleven as Huddersfield avoided relegation back to League One, with 17 league appearances and 2 goals, the first in a 2–1 West Yorkshire derby defeat of Leeds United and the second in a draw with Peterborough, although a toe injury kept him out of the last three fixtures.In January 2013, Danns had dismissed suggestions of a disagreement with Nigel Pearson, and professed himself mystified by his exclusion from consideration at Leicester. At the start of the 2013–14 season, Pearson pointed out how fortunate Leicester were to "have quite a lot of quality in terms of our central midfield options", and that Danns would benefit from regular first-team football elsewhere.On 26 September 2013, Danns signed on loan for Championship club Bolton Wanderers, managed by Dougie Freedman who had coached him at Crystal Palace. He made his first Wanderers appearance in a goalless draw away to Blackpool on 1 October, and his goal in the next match, away to Birmingham, gave his team their first league win of the season. He soon established himself in the team, and scored four goals from thirteen matches over the three-month spell. Freedman admired his industry, his ability to adapt his style of play to the match situation, and the way "he gets you off your seat and makes things happen", and the player was keen to make the move permanent if Leicester were willing.He rejoined Bolton on 3 January 2014 on loan until the end of the season. In February and March, he set up a goal in each of three consecutive wins. At the end of April, Danns signed a one-year contract with Bolton, to begin on 1 July after the expiry of his Leicester deal. Highlighting his work-rate, dynamism, and the positive attitude that set an example to the "younger, hungrier players" prioritised by the manager, the "Bolton News" suggested that "Freedman may have already made the most important signing of the summer".Amid strong competition for a place in Freedman's preferred 4–2–3–1 formation, Danns started his 2014–15 season from the bench in a 3–0 opening-day loss to Watford. After Mark Davies's stoppage-time penalty kept Bolton in the League Cup first-round match against Bury of League Two, Danns scored twice in extra time to take his side through. He started the next Championship match, and remained in the starting eleven for most of the season. Playing on the right of a diamond formation, Danns scored in new manager Neil Lennon's first home match, a 3–1 win against Brentford on 25 October, before Lennon reverted to the system used by Freedman but with more license given to attack-minded players. In January 2015, Lennon described Danns and Darren Pratley as "pivotal" in the way his team was set up to play. but injury to the latter would adversely affect Danns' form.At the end of January, Danns signed a one-year contract extension. Having captained the team in the FA Cup third round, he was sent off in the fourth before Bolton let slip a one-goal lead and went out to Liverpool. Soon afterwards, he received his tenth yellow card of the season and with it a two-match ban. In April, Danns and Barry Bannan were "suspended indefinitely" and fined two weeks' wages for drunken behaviour at the club's hotel; after apologising to all concerned, they missed just one match before Lennon recalled them. Danns finished the season with 47 appearances in all competitions.Danns was considered as stand-in captain after incumbent Pratley was injured, but was not chosen. He scored his first goal of the season on 26 September 2015 in a 2–2 draw with Brighton & Hove Albion during which Jamie Murphy was sent off for fouling him. Accusations of diving prompted Danns to tweet a picture of the damage caused. He played regularly in the first half of the season but in the second, was used off the bench and often out of position. He did not start a league match in 2016 until 9 April, well after Lennon had left the club, in a defeat to Derby County that confirmed Bolton's relegation. Danns was released when his contract expired, having made 81 appearances in his permanent spell.After a trial, Danns signed a two–year contract with League One club Bury on 21 July 2016. He scored in the opening game of the season, a 2–0 win over Charlton Athletic, but ten days later injured a foot and was out for a month. He scored his first Bury goal on 18 October from the penalty spot in a 2–1 loss at home to AFC Wimbledon. He was sent off against Bristol Rovers in December for an off-the-ball incident, so served a three-match ban, and spent the second half of the season on loan to League Two club Blackpool.Danns made his Blackpool debut on 4 February 2017 in a 1–1 draw with Colchester United, but suffered the first hamstring injury of his career the following week and was out for six matches. He played regularly for the rest of the season, and scored in the final match of the regular season, a 3–1 win against Leyton Orient that confirmed Blackpool's play-off place. Danns started in both legs of the semi-final and in the final as Blackpool beat Exeter City to gain promotion to League One.Ahead of the 2017–18 season, manager Lee Clark told Danns that he could not be guaranteed game time and was free to leave. He was not initially given a squad number and had to train away from the senior squad, but remained keen to be part of Bury's campaign. Despite starting in the EFL Trophy and making three appearances (one start) in the league in September, it was not until Clark was sacked and Ryan Lowe took over as caretaker that Danns returned to the side. Against Gillingham on 11 November, he scored his first Bury goal for a year, but a hamstring injury sustained a week later was to keep him out for the rest of 2017. His exclusion had made him contemplate retirement, but Lowe made him captain and his enthusiasm returned. He scored three goals in February and March, but Bury's return to League Two was confirmed with four matches still to go. Danns signed a one-year contract extension at the end of the season.Danns retained the captaincy for the 2018–19 season. He scored his first goals on 3 November in a 4–1 win over Macclesfield Town, "smashing home into the top-right corner from the edge of the box" for his second. Lowe said afterwards how pleased he was that Danns' hard work had been rewarded. He found himself in and out of the first team because of injury and his international commitments with Guyana, but still ended up with 34 league appearances (28 starts) as Bury gained promotion back to League One despite the financial turmoil surrounding the club, a winding-up petition pending and players and staff being paid late or not at all.By the time Danns returned from international duty, Bury's financial position had worsened, and after six fixtures were suspended by the EFL pending credible proof of the club's viability, it was expelled from the league on 27 August 2019. Interviewed on radio station Talksport, Danns was highly critical of the role of the owner, who in his view had "literally destroyed lives" by his failure to progress the club in a proper manner.Danns became a free agent after Bury's expulsion from the league, and on 19 September he signed for League One club Tranmere Rovers until the end of the season. He made 24 appearances in all competitions without scoring.In October 2020, Danns signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division club Radcliffe.In November 2020, Danns signed a short term deal with National League club FC Halifax Town. He left the club on 12 January 2021 after appearing in five league games. At the beginning of March, Danns signed for Cymru Premier club Connah's Quay Nomads until the end of the season. He scored once from 16 appearances, the last of which was as a late substitute in the final-day win away to Penybont that confirmed Nomads as 2020–21 Cymru Premier champions.Danns was called up by Guyana for friendlies against Grenada and Saint Lucia in March 2015. He qualifies for the team via his grandfather. He made his debut against Grenada on 29 March, setting up both goals in a 2–0 victory. After missing the first leg of the 2018 World Cup qualifier against Saint Vincent and the Grenadines because his Guyanese passport did not come through in time, Danns scored twice in the second leg, which finished as a 4–4 draw, but his country lost out on away goals.Danns scored in a 2–2 draw with Barbados in a 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League qualifier, which doubled as a qualifying tournament for the CONCACAF Gold Cup. He captained the national side and scored their goal in a 2–1 defeat to French Guiana on 20 November that put them out of contention for Gold Cup qualification. However, CONCACAF awarded Guyana a 3–0 win against Barbados, who had fielded ineligible players, which meant that beating Belize in the final qualifier would be enough to see Guyana through to the Gold Cup for the first time in their history. Danns scored the opening goal from the penalty spot, and later missed a second penalty, as Guyana won 2–1.Danns was named in Guyana's squad for the 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup, played in all three group matches and scored all three of his country's goals. In the second match, he converted two penalties in a 4–2 loss to Panama that eliminated Guyana from the tournament, and in the third, after "dribbling from the left corner of the 18-yard box, Danns cut inside and curled a right-footer off the underside of the crossbar near the top right corner" in a 1–1 draw with Trinidad and Tobago. He was named in the Group Stage Best XI.Danns was born in Liverpool, the son of Neil and Karen Danns. Neil senior was a backing singer on the UK's entry in the 1987 Eurovision Song Contest as well as a European title-winning skateboarder. Danns grew up in Toxteth, a difficult neighbourhood, and credited his parents for maintaining discipline and keeping him from involvement in crime. He has three children; the eldest, Jayden, has been a member of the academy at Liverpool F.C., the club which Danns supported as a boy.In 2010, Danns took a video editing and production course at the London Academy of Media, Film and TV. He was reported to be about to release a single, but did not. His music interests and career were featured in BBC Sport's "The Football League Show" in February 2010. He is a regular user of Twitter.Blackburn RoversColchester UnitedBirmingham CityBlackpoolBuryConnah's Quay Nomads	[ "Hartlepool United F.C.", "Birmingham City F.C.", "Crystal Palace F.C.", "Colchester United F.C.", "Blackpool F.C.", "Bolton Wanderers F.C.", "Huddersfield Town A.F.C.", "Blackburn Rovers F.C.", "Guyana national football team" ]
Which position did Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet hold in Sep, 1910?	September 06, 1910	{ "text": [ "Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom" ] }	L2_Q7526312_P39_4	Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1900 to Jan, 1906. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1895 to Sep, 1900. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1910 to Nov, 1918. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1910 to Nov, 1910. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1892 to Jul, 1895. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1910.	Charles WardeSir Charles Edward Warde, 1st Baronet (20 December 1845 – 12 April 1937) was a Conservative Party politician in England who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1892 to 1918.He was born in Ireland, the son of Edward Charles Warde K.C.B. and his wife Jane Lane.He was elected to the House of Commons at his first attempt, at the 1892 general election, for the Medway constituency, and held that seat until the constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election. He did not stand for Parliament again.He was an officer in the 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars, and on 13 September 1899 was appointed Lieutenant Colonel in command of the West Kent Yeomanry (Queen's Own). He was granted the honorary rank of colonel on 31 January 1900.In 1908, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Kent. He was made a baronet on 11 September 1919, of Barham Court in the Parish of Teston in the County of Kent.He died in 1937 in Barham Court, after which the baronetcy became extinct. He had married Helen Caroline de Stern.	[ "Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom" ]
Which position did Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet hold in 1910-09-06?	September 06, 1910	{ "text": [ "Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom" ] }	L2_Q7526312_P39_4	Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1900 to Jan, 1906. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1895 to Sep, 1900. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1910 to Nov, 1918. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1910 to Nov, 1910. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1892 to Jul, 1895. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1910.	Charles WardeSir Charles Edward Warde, 1st Baronet (20 December 1845 – 12 April 1937) was a Conservative Party politician in England who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1892 to 1918.He was born in Ireland, the son of Edward Charles Warde K.C.B. and his wife Jane Lane.He was elected to the House of Commons at his first attempt, at the 1892 general election, for the Medway constituency, and held that seat until the constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election. He did not stand for Parliament again.He was an officer in the 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars, and on 13 September 1899 was appointed Lieutenant Colonel in command of the West Kent Yeomanry (Queen's Own). He was granted the honorary rank of colonel on 31 January 1900.In 1908, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Kent. He was made a baronet on 11 September 1919, of Barham Court in the Parish of Teston in the County of Kent.He died in 1937 in Barham Court, after which the baronetcy became extinct. He had married Helen Caroline de Stern.	[ "Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom" ]
Which position did Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet hold in 06/09/1910?	September 06, 1910	{ "text": [ "Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom" ] }	L2_Q7526312_P39_4	Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1900 to Jan, 1906. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1895 to Sep, 1900. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1910 to Nov, 1918. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1910 to Nov, 1910. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1892 to Jul, 1895. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1910.	Charles WardeSir Charles Edward Warde, 1st Baronet (20 December 1845 – 12 April 1937) was a Conservative Party politician in England who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1892 to 1918.He was born in Ireland, the son of Edward Charles Warde K.C.B. and his wife Jane Lane.He was elected to the House of Commons at his first attempt, at the 1892 general election, for the Medway constituency, and held that seat until the constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election. He did not stand for Parliament again.He was an officer in the 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars, and on 13 September 1899 was appointed Lieutenant Colonel in command of the West Kent Yeomanry (Queen's Own). He was granted the honorary rank of colonel on 31 January 1900.In 1908, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Kent. He was made a baronet on 11 September 1919, of Barham Court in the Parish of Teston in the County of Kent.He died in 1937 in Barham Court, after which the baronetcy became extinct. He had married Helen Caroline de Stern.	[ "Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom" ]
Which position did Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet hold in Sep 06, 1910?	September 06, 1910	{ "text": [ "Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom" ] }	L2_Q7526312_P39_4	Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1900 to Jan, 1906. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1895 to Sep, 1900. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1910 to Nov, 1918. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1910 to Nov, 1910. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1892 to Jul, 1895. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1910.	Charles WardeSir Charles Edward Warde, 1st Baronet (20 December 1845 – 12 April 1937) was a Conservative Party politician in England who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1892 to 1918.He was born in Ireland, the son of Edward Charles Warde K.C.B. and his wife Jane Lane.He was elected to the House of Commons at his first attempt, at the 1892 general election, for the Medway constituency, and held that seat until the constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election. He did not stand for Parliament again.He was an officer in the 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars, and on 13 September 1899 was appointed Lieutenant Colonel in command of the West Kent Yeomanry (Queen's Own). He was granted the honorary rank of colonel on 31 January 1900.In 1908, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Kent. He was made a baronet on 11 September 1919, of Barham Court in the Parish of Teston in the County of Kent.He died in 1937 in Barham Court, after which the baronetcy became extinct. He had married Helen Caroline de Stern.	[ "Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom" ]
Which position did Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet hold in 09/06/1910?	September 06, 1910	{ "text": [ "Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom" ] }	L2_Q7526312_P39_4	Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1900 to Jan, 1906. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1895 to Sep, 1900. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1910 to Nov, 1918. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1910 to Nov, 1910. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1892 to Jul, 1895. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1910.	Charles WardeSir Charles Edward Warde, 1st Baronet (20 December 1845 – 12 April 1937) was a Conservative Party politician in England who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1892 to 1918.He was born in Ireland, the son of Edward Charles Warde K.C.B. and his wife Jane Lane.He was elected to the House of Commons at his first attempt, at the 1892 general election, for the Medway constituency, and held that seat until the constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election. He did not stand for Parliament again.He was an officer in the 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars, and on 13 September 1899 was appointed Lieutenant Colonel in command of the West Kent Yeomanry (Queen's Own). He was granted the honorary rank of colonel on 31 January 1900.In 1908, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Kent. He was made a baronet on 11 September 1919, of Barham Court in the Parish of Teston in the County of Kent.He died in 1937 in Barham Court, after which the baronetcy became extinct. He had married Helen Caroline de Stern.	[ "Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom" ]
Which position did Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet hold in 06-Sep-191006-September-1910?	September 06, 1910	{ "text": [ "Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom" ] }	L2_Q7526312_P39_4	Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Oct, 1900 to Jan, 1906. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1895 to Sep, 1900. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Dec, 1910 to Nov, 1918. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 29th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1910 to Nov, 1910. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jul, 1892 to Jul, 1895. Sir Charles Warde, 1st Baronet holds the position of Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1910.	Charles WardeSir Charles Edward Warde, 1st Baronet (20 December 1845 – 12 April 1937) was a Conservative Party politician in England who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1892 to 1918.He was born in Ireland, the son of Edward Charles Warde K.C.B. and his wife Jane Lane.He was elected to the House of Commons at his first attempt, at the 1892 general election, for the Medway constituency, and held that seat until the constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election. He did not stand for Parliament again.He was an officer in the 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars, and on 13 September 1899 was appointed Lieutenant Colonel in command of the West Kent Yeomanry (Queen's Own). He was granted the honorary rank of colonel on 31 January 1900.In 1908, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Kent. He was made a baronet on 11 September 1919, of Barham Court in the Parish of Teston in the County of Kent.He died in 1937 in Barham Court, after which the baronetcy became extinct. He had married Helen Caroline de Stern.	[ "Member of the 25th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 26th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 27th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom", "Member of the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom" ]
Which position did François Fillon hold in Dec, 1986?	December 09, 1986	{ "text": [ "member of the general council", "Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe", "vice president" ] }	L2_Q101410_P39_2	François Fillon holds the position of Prime Minister of France from May, 2007 to May, 2012. François Fillon holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jun, 1997 to Jan, 1998. François Fillon holds the position of Minister of National Education from Mar, 2004 to Jun, 2005. François Fillon holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 1988 to Sep, 1991. François Fillon holds the position of member of the Senate of France from Sep, 2005 to Jun, 2007. François Fillon holds the position of president from Apr, 2001 to Sep, 2012. François Fillon holds the position of Minister of Labour from Mar, 2002 to Mar, 2004. François Fillon holds the position of member of the French National Assembly from Jun, 2007 to Jul, 2007. François Fillon holds the position of municipal executive from Jan, 2001 to Dec, 2022. François Fillon holds the position of member of the general council from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1998. François Fillon holds the position of vice president from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1992. François Fillon holds the position of Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 2001. François Fillon holds the position of Ministry of Higher Education and Research from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995.	François FillonFrançois Charles Armand Fillon (; born 4 March 1954) is a retired French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 2007 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the nominee of the Republicans (previously known as the Union for a Popular Movement), the country's largest centre-right political party, for the 2017 presidential election.Fillon became Jean-Pierre Raffarin's Minister of Labour in 2002 and undertook controversial reforms of the 35-hour working week law and of the French retirement system. In 2004, as Minister of National Education he proposed the much debated Fillon law on Education.In 2005, Fillon was elected Senator for the Sarthe department. His role as a political advisor in Nicolas Sarkozy's successful race for President led to his becoming Prime Minister in 2007. Fillon resigned upon Sarkozy's defeat by François Hollande in the 2012 presidential elections.Running on a platform described as conservative, he won the 2016 Republican presidential primary, defeating Alain Juppé. Following his victory in the primary, opinion polls showed Fillon as the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election. But in March 2017, he was formally charged in an embezzlement investigation in a case that became known as "Penelopegate" due to the involvement of his wife. In April, he finally came third in the first round with 20%.In 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison (three of them suspended). He has appealed the sentence.Fillon was born on 4 March 1954 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France. His father, Michel, is a civil law notary, while his mother, Anne Soulet Fillon, is a history professor of Basque descent. His youngest brother, Dominique, is a pianist and jazz musician.Fillon received a baccalauréat in 1972. He then studied at the University of Maine in Le Mans where he received a master's degree in public law in 1976. He subsequently received a master of Advanced Studies ("diplôme d'études approfondies") in public law from Paris Descartes University.The day after Nicolas Sarkozy became President he appointed Fillon as Prime Minister of France, charging him with the task of forming a new cabinet, which was announced on 18 May 2007. By appointing as Secretary of State André Santini, who had been indicted in the "Fondation Hamon" affair on charges of corruption, Fillon made the first break since 1992 with the so-called "Balladur jurisprudence", according to which an indicted governmental personality should resign until the case is closed. On 13 November 2010, Fillon resigned, paving the way for a cabinet reshuffle. One day later Sarkozy reappointed Fillon as Prime Minister, allowing Fillon to formally name a new cabinet.Following the defeat of Nicolas Sarkozy to François Hollande in the 2012 presidential election, Fillon resigned on 10 May. Following the inauguration of Hollande as president on 15 May 2012, Jean-Marc Ayrault, Mayor of Nantes, was appointed to succeed Fillon as Prime Minister.Aiming at building consensus within the diverging views at the UMP after Francois Hollande's victory in the French presidential elections in 2012, Fillon declared his candidacy to become the President of the UMP party. On the day of the vote, both candidates (Fillon and Jean-François Copé) claimed victory and accused the other of cheating. This led to a major political crisis within the party with votes being recounted twice and Copé finally being declared winner.Fillon threatened to split from UMP unless new elections were organised. In December 2012, Copé agreed to organising elections in 2013, thus putting an end to the crisis.Fillon entered the 2016 Republican presidential primary, held on 20 November 2016, and seemed a likely third as late as a week before the vote. In early counting, Fillon emerged as the clear frontrunner, with Alain Juppé in second place. Third place Sarkozy conceded, bringing his support to Fillon, and Fillon and Juppé went into the run-off on 27 November 2016. Juppé conceded to Fillon, pledging his support for him as the Republican nominee in the 2017 presidential election.As of November 2016, Fillon was seen as the frontrunner for the Presidency against the Socialist candidate Benoît Hamon, Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen. However, revelations of series of political scandals at the end of January shattered his presidential bid, with polls rapidly showing him behind both Marine Le Pen and Emmanuel Macron and out of the runoff. Fillon's visits on the ground attracted protesters who further destabilised his campaign. The news provocated consternation in Germany where Fillon was seen as a serious and trusted candidate.On 23 April 2017, he secured 20.0% of the votes at the first round of the French presidential election, arriving third, and therefore failing to enter the runoff.Fillon has been described as economically liberal and fiscally conservative. For many observers, he is more liberal than his mentor Philippe Séguin. A few months after taking office as prime minister, he declared that he was "at the head of a state that is bankrupt financially, [...] which for 15 years has been in chronic deficit, [...] that has not voted a balanced budget for 25 years." He then committed publicly to "bring the state budget to balance by the end of the five-year", and reiterated this promise in 2012 and proposed a referendum on registration of the fiscal golden rule in the Constitution. In defending a policy of controlling the deficit, Fillon is in favour of abolishing the wealth tax, which he considers one of the causes of the debt of France. According to him, this tax discourages foreign entrepreneurs. This tax would be offset by the creation of a top slice of income tax to 50%, which would be included in the CSG.As a presidential candidate, Fillon aims to reduce the public sector and cut 500,000 civil-service jobs. Fillon has been compared to Margaret Thatcher due to his ambition to reduce the size of the state. He says in 2016 that he wants the state healthcare program ("securité sociale") to work better with fewer payments.Fillon is in favour of increasing the retirement age to 65. During the 2012 presidential election, he proposed that each job seeker should be offered vocational training and be forced to accept the employment offered to them after training.Fillon' stances on domestic and social issues are mostly perceived as conservative. As member of the National Assembly, he voted against the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual relations in 1982, against civil solidarity pacts in 1999, and against the legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2013. However, he says he will not ban the same-sex marriage law if elected president. He opposes adoption by same-sex couples.Fillon has stated that he is personally opposed to abortion but would not vote to ban it.Fillon blamed the 2017 social unrest in French Guiana on President Hollande's policies, which he said had failed.Fillon is an advocate of cracking down on Salafism and Muslim Brotherhood-linked groups and has stridently warned against the threat of "Islamic totalitarianism". He has called for dialogue with Syria under Bashar al-Assad and with the Russian Federation, under Vladimir Putin. Putin has been described as a friend of Fillon, although Fillon himself rejects that description.Fillon lives with his wife, Penelope, and five children, Marie, Charles, Antoine, Édouard and Arnaud, in the 12th-century Manoir de Beaucé, set in 20 acres (8 ha) of woodland on the banks of the River Sarthe 4 km east of the monastery village of Solesmes, near Sablé-sur-Sarthe, and about halfway between Le Mans and Angers. They had lived in various other properties, always in the Sarthe, throughout their marriage, before buying Beaucé in 1993.Fillon has a reputation as an Anglophile. His wife Penelope Kathryn Fillon, "née" Clarke, was born in Llanover in Wales, the daughter of a solicitor. They met while she was teaching English during her gap year in Le Mans, and they were married in the bride's family church in June 1980.François Fillon has spoken at a wide variety of universities in Britain, notably King's College London and the London School of Economics. On 1 September 2017, Fillon became a partner at asset manager Tikehau Capital.Fillon's younger brother, Pierre, an ophthalmic specialist (and now President of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest), later married Penelope Fillon's younger sister, Jane.In January 2017, "Le Canard enchaîné" published an article in which Penelope Fillon was accused of alleged fictitious employment, as her husband's ""assistante parlementaire"" for a total salary of €500,000 over eight years on the one hand, and as a "literary adviser" of "Revue des deux Mondes" on the other, with a monthly salary of €5,000, amounting to a total of another €100,000. A preliminary hearing immediately opened. The public outcry around this so-called "Penelopegate" was such that doubts were voiced about François Fillon himself, who was the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election, with an immediate sharp decline in the opinion polls.On 31 January, new reporting by "Le Canard enchaîné" found that Penelope Fillon was actually paid €300,000 more than previously reported, for a total sum of €831,440 for 15 years of her parliamentary assistant work. It also reported that Fillon had paid two of his children €84,000 for little apparent actual work. On 6 February 2017 Fillon held a press conference. He said "It was a mistake and I apologize to the French [people]" but also said that the salary of his wife was "perfectly justified".On 3 March 2017, the (Central office for the fight against corruption and financial and fiscal crime) executed a search at the Manoir de Beaucé where François and Penelope Fillon reside in the Sarthe department. This followed a search by the same agency on 2 March 2017 at the Fillons' Paris residence in the 7th arrondissement. On 6 March 2017, the inner circle of Fillon's party had a crisis meeting. Beforehand, Alain Juppé had definitively excluded becoming a replacement candidate. Fillon continues his candidacy, despite his promise (given on 26 January on TV) to withdraw from the race if subjected to criminal prosecution. On 23 March, Fillon said on national television that "Bienvenue Place Beauvau", a book co-authored by Didier Hassoux of "Le Canard enchaîné", suggested President François Hollande ran a shadow cabinet to spread rumours about his opponents. Hassoux denied this was the case.On 24 February 2020, Fillon became one of the few Prime Ministers to ever go on trial. On 29 June 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison - three of them suspended. Their lawyers said he will appeal the sentence. He remains free pending the outcome of the appeal.In its 22 March 2017 issue, satirical weekly "Le Canard enchaîné" reported that Fillon had introduced a Lebanese billionaire to Russian President Vladimir Putin at a business forum in St. Petersburg in 2015 as part of a $50,000 contract for Fillon's 2F Conseil consulting firm.Having lived his whole life in the Le Mans area and having represented it politically, Fillon is an enthusiastic supporter of the city's famous 24-hour sportscar race, which he has attended nearly every year since he was a small child. He is a member of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest, which stages the event, and is on the race's organisation committee. He has also competed in the Le Mans Legend historic sportscar races on the full 24-hour circuit and in a number of other classic road rallies. Fillon's younger brother Pierre currently serves as the President of the ACO, having been elected in 2013.	[ "Prime Minister of France", "Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe", "member of the French National Assembly", "Minister of National Education", "municipal executive", "Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe", "Minister of Labour", "member of the Senate of France", "Ministry of Higher Education and Research", "president" ]
Which position did François Fillon hold in 1986-12-09?	December 09, 1986	{ "text": [ "member of the general council", "Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe", "vice president" ] }	L2_Q101410_P39_2	François Fillon holds the position of Prime Minister of France from May, 2007 to May, 2012. François Fillon holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jun, 1997 to Jan, 1998. François Fillon holds the position of Minister of National Education from Mar, 2004 to Jun, 2005. François Fillon holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 1988 to Sep, 1991. François Fillon holds the position of member of the Senate of France from Sep, 2005 to Jun, 2007. François Fillon holds the position of president from Apr, 2001 to Sep, 2012. François Fillon holds the position of Minister of Labour from Mar, 2002 to Mar, 2004. François Fillon holds the position of member of the French National Assembly from Jun, 2007 to Jul, 2007. François Fillon holds the position of municipal executive from Jan, 2001 to Dec, 2022. François Fillon holds the position of member of the general council from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1998. François Fillon holds the position of vice president from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1992. François Fillon holds the position of Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 2001. François Fillon holds the position of Ministry of Higher Education and Research from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995.	François FillonFrançois Charles Armand Fillon (; born 4 March 1954) is a retired French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 2007 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the nominee of the Republicans (previously known as the Union for a Popular Movement), the country's largest centre-right political party, for the 2017 presidential election.Fillon became Jean-Pierre Raffarin's Minister of Labour in 2002 and undertook controversial reforms of the 35-hour working week law and of the French retirement system. In 2004, as Minister of National Education he proposed the much debated Fillon law on Education.In 2005, Fillon was elected Senator for the Sarthe department. His role as a political advisor in Nicolas Sarkozy's successful race for President led to his becoming Prime Minister in 2007. Fillon resigned upon Sarkozy's defeat by François Hollande in the 2012 presidential elections.Running on a platform described as conservative, he won the 2016 Republican presidential primary, defeating Alain Juppé. Following his victory in the primary, opinion polls showed Fillon as the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election. But in March 2017, he was formally charged in an embezzlement investigation in a case that became known as "Penelopegate" due to the involvement of his wife. In April, he finally came third in the first round with 20%.In 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison (three of them suspended). He has appealed the sentence.Fillon was born on 4 March 1954 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France. His father, Michel, is a civil law notary, while his mother, Anne Soulet Fillon, is a history professor of Basque descent. His youngest brother, Dominique, is a pianist and jazz musician.Fillon received a baccalauréat in 1972. He then studied at the University of Maine in Le Mans where he received a master's degree in public law in 1976. He subsequently received a master of Advanced Studies ("diplôme d'études approfondies") in public law from Paris Descartes University.The day after Nicolas Sarkozy became President he appointed Fillon as Prime Minister of France, charging him with the task of forming a new cabinet, which was announced on 18 May 2007. By appointing as Secretary of State André Santini, who had been indicted in the "Fondation Hamon" affair on charges of corruption, Fillon made the first break since 1992 with the so-called "Balladur jurisprudence", according to which an indicted governmental personality should resign until the case is closed. On 13 November 2010, Fillon resigned, paving the way for a cabinet reshuffle. One day later Sarkozy reappointed Fillon as Prime Minister, allowing Fillon to formally name a new cabinet.Following the defeat of Nicolas Sarkozy to François Hollande in the 2012 presidential election, Fillon resigned on 10 May. Following the inauguration of Hollande as president on 15 May 2012, Jean-Marc Ayrault, Mayor of Nantes, was appointed to succeed Fillon as Prime Minister.Aiming at building consensus within the diverging views at the UMP after Francois Hollande's victory in the French presidential elections in 2012, Fillon declared his candidacy to become the President of the UMP party. On the day of the vote, both candidates (Fillon and Jean-François Copé) claimed victory and accused the other of cheating. This led to a major political crisis within the party with votes being recounted twice and Copé finally being declared winner.Fillon threatened to split from UMP unless new elections were organised. In December 2012, Copé agreed to organising elections in 2013, thus putting an end to the crisis.Fillon entered the 2016 Republican presidential primary, held on 20 November 2016, and seemed a likely third as late as a week before the vote. In early counting, Fillon emerged as the clear frontrunner, with Alain Juppé in second place. Third place Sarkozy conceded, bringing his support to Fillon, and Fillon and Juppé went into the run-off on 27 November 2016. Juppé conceded to Fillon, pledging his support for him as the Republican nominee in the 2017 presidential election.As of November 2016, Fillon was seen as the frontrunner for the Presidency against the Socialist candidate Benoît Hamon, Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen. However, revelations of series of political scandals at the end of January shattered his presidential bid, with polls rapidly showing him behind both Marine Le Pen and Emmanuel Macron and out of the runoff. Fillon's visits on the ground attracted protesters who further destabilised his campaign. The news provocated consternation in Germany where Fillon was seen as a serious and trusted candidate.On 23 April 2017, he secured 20.0% of the votes at the first round of the French presidential election, arriving third, and therefore failing to enter the runoff.Fillon has been described as economically liberal and fiscally conservative. For many observers, he is more liberal than his mentor Philippe Séguin. A few months after taking office as prime minister, he declared that he was "at the head of a state that is bankrupt financially, [...] which for 15 years has been in chronic deficit, [...] that has not voted a balanced budget for 25 years." He then committed publicly to "bring the state budget to balance by the end of the five-year", and reiterated this promise in 2012 and proposed a referendum on registration of the fiscal golden rule in the Constitution. In defending a policy of controlling the deficit, Fillon is in favour of abolishing the wealth tax, which he considers one of the causes of the debt of France. According to him, this tax discourages foreign entrepreneurs. This tax would be offset by the creation of a top slice of income tax to 50%, which would be included in the CSG.As a presidential candidate, Fillon aims to reduce the public sector and cut 500,000 civil-service jobs. Fillon has been compared to Margaret Thatcher due to his ambition to reduce the size of the state. He says in 2016 that he wants the state healthcare program ("securité sociale") to work better with fewer payments.Fillon is in favour of increasing the retirement age to 65. During the 2012 presidential election, he proposed that each job seeker should be offered vocational training and be forced to accept the employment offered to them after training.Fillon' stances on domestic and social issues are mostly perceived as conservative. As member of the National Assembly, he voted against the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual relations in 1982, against civil solidarity pacts in 1999, and against the legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2013. However, he says he will not ban the same-sex marriage law if elected president. He opposes adoption by same-sex couples.Fillon has stated that he is personally opposed to abortion but would not vote to ban it.Fillon blamed the 2017 social unrest in French Guiana on President Hollande's policies, which he said had failed.Fillon is an advocate of cracking down on Salafism and Muslim Brotherhood-linked groups and has stridently warned against the threat of "Islamic totalitarianism". He has called for dialogue with Syria under Bashar al-Assad and with the Russian Federation, under Vladimir Putin. Putin has been described as a friend of Fillon, although Fillon himself rejects that description.Fillon lives with his wife, Penelope, and five children, Marie, Charles, Antoine, Édouard and Arnaud, in the 12th-century Manoir de Beaucé, set in 20 acres (8 ha) of woodland on the banks of the River Sarthe 4 km east of the monastery village of Solesmes, near Sablé-sur-Sarthe, and about halfway between Le Mans and Angers. They had lived in various other properties, always in the Sarthe, throughout their marriage, before buying Beaucé in 1993.Fillon has a reputation as an Anglophile. His wife Penelope Kathryn Fillon, "née" Clarke, was born in Llanover in Wales, the daughter of a solicitor. They met while she was teaching English during her gap year in Le Mans, and they were married in the bride's family church in June 1980.François Fillon has spoken at a wide variety of universities in Britain, notably King's College London and the London School of Economics. On 1 September 2017, Fillon became a partner at asset manager Tikehau Capital.Fillon's younger brother, Pierre, an ophthalmic specialist (and now President of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest), later married Penelope Fillon's younger sister, Jane.In January 2017, "Le Canard enchaîné" published an article in which Penelope Fillon was accused of alleged fictitious employment, as her husband's ""assistante parlementaire"" for a total salary of €500,000 over eight years on the one hand, and as a "literary adviser" of "Revue des deux Mondes" on the other, with a monthly salary of €5,000, amounting to a total of another €100,000. A preliminary hearing immediately opened. The public outcry around this so-called "Penelopegate" was such that doubts were voiced about François Fillon himself, who was the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election, with an immediate sharp decline in the opinion polls.On 31 January, new reporting by "Le Canard enchaîné" found that Penelope Fillon was actually paid €300,000 more than previously reported, for a total sum of €831,440 for 15 years of her parliamentary assistant work. It also reported that Fillon had paid two of his children €84,000 for little apparent actual work. On 6 February 2017 Fillon held a press conference. He said "It was a mistake and I apologize to the French [people]" but also said that the salary of his wife was "perfectly justified".On 3 March 2017, the (Central office for the fight against corruption and financial and fiscal crime) executed a search at the Manoir de Beaucé where François and Penelope Fillon reside in the Sarthe department. This followed a search by the same agency on 2 March 2017 at the Fillons' Paris residence in the 7th arrondissement. On 6 March 2017, the inner circle of Fillon's party had a crisis meeting. Beforehand, Alain Juppé had definitively excluded becoming a replacement candidate. Fillon continues his candidacy, despite his promise (given on 26 January on TV) to withdraw from the race if subjected to criminal prosecution. On 23 March, Fillon said on national television that "Bienvenue Place Beauvau", a book co-authored by Didier Hassoux of "Le Canard enchaîné", suggested President François Hollande ran a shadow cabinet to spread rumours about his opponents. Hassoux denied this was the case.On 24 February 2020, Fillon became one of the few Prime Ministers to ever go on trial. On 29 June 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison - three of them suspended. Their lawyers said he will appeal the sentence. He remains free pending the outcome of the appeal.In its 22 March 2017 issue, satirical weekly "Le Canard enchaîné" reported that Fillon had introduced a Lebanese billionaire to Russian President Vladimir Putin at a business forum in St. Petersburg in 2015 as part of a $50,000 contract for Fillon's 2F Conseil consulting firm.Having lived his whole life in the Le Mans area and having represented it politically, Fillon is an enthusiastic supporter of the city's famous 24-hour sportscar race, which he has attended nearly every year since he was a small child. He is a member of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest, which stages the event, and is on the race's organisation committee. He has also competed in the Le Mans Legend historic sportscar races on the full 24-hour circuit and in a number of other classic road rallies. Fillon's younger brother Pierre currently serves as the President of the ACO, having been elected in 2013.	[ "Prime Minister of France", "Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe", "member of the French National Assembly", "Minister of National Education", "municipal executive", "Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe", "Minister of Labour", "member of the Senate of France", "Ministry of Higher Education and Research", "president" ]
Which position did François Fillon hold in 09/12/1986?	December 09, 1986	{ "text": [ "member of the general council", "Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe", "vice president" ] }	L2_Q101410_P39_2	François Fillon holds the position of Prime Minister of France from May, 2007 to May, 2012. François Fillon holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jun, 1997 to Jan, 1998. François Fillon holds the position of Minister of National Education from Mar, 2004 to Jun, 2005. François Fillon holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 1988 to Sep, 1991. François Fillon holds the position of member of the Senate of France from Sep, 2005 to Jun, 2007. François Fillon holds the position of president from Apr, 2001 to Sep, 2012. François Fillon holds the position of Minister of Labour from Mar, 2002 to Mar, 2004. François Fillon holds the position of member of the French National Assembly from Jun, 2007 to Jul, 2007. François Fillon holds the position of municipal executive from Jan, 2001 to Dec, 2022. François Fillon holds the position of member of the general council from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1998. François Fillon holds the position of vice president from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1992. François Fillon holds the position of Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 2001. François Fillon holds the position of Ministry of Higher Education and Research from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995.	François FillonFrançois Charles Armand Fillon (; born 4 March 1954) is a retired French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 2007 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the nominee of the Republicans (previously known as the Union for a Popular Movement), the country's largest centre-right political party, for the 2017 presidential election.Fillon became Jean-Pierre Raffarin's Minister of Labour in 2002 and undertook controversial reforms of the 35-hour working week law and of the French retirement system. In 2004, as Minister of National Education he proposed the much debated Fillon law on Education.In 2005, Fillon was elected Senator for the Sarthe department. His role as a political advisor in Nicolas Sarkozy's successful race for President led to his becoming Prime Minister in 2007. Fillon resigned upon Sarkozy's defeat by François Hollande in the 2012 presidential elections.Running on a platform described as conservative, he won the 2016 Republican presidential primary, defeating Alain Juppé. Following his victory in the primary, opinion polls showed Fillon as the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election. But in March 2017, he was formally charged in an embezzlement investigation in a case that became known as "Penelopegate" due to the involvement of his wife. In April, he finally came third in the first round with 20%.In 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison (three of them suspended). He has appealed the sentence.Fillon was born on 4 March 1954 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France. His father, Michel, is a civil law notary, while his mother, Anne Soulet Fillon, is a history professor of Basque descent. His youngest brother, Dominique, is a pianist and jazz musician.Fillon received a baccalauréat in 1972. He then studied at the University of Maine in Le Mans where he received a master's degree in public law in 1976. He subsequently received a master of Advanced Studies ("diplôme d'études approfondies") in public law from Paris Descartes University.The day after Nicolas Sarkozy became President he appointed Fillon as Prime Minister of France, charging him with the task of forming a new cabinet, which was announced on 18 May 2007. By appointing as Secretary of State André Santini, who had been indicted in the "Fondation Hamon" affair on charges of corruption, Fillon made the first break since 1992 with the so-called "Balladur jurisprudence", according to which an indicted governmental personality should resign until the case is closed. On 13 November 2010, Fillon resigned, paving the way for a cabinet reshuffle. One day later Sarkozy reappointed Fillon as Prime Minister, allowing Fillon to formally name a new cabinet.Following the defeat of Nicolas Sarkozy to François Hollande in the 2012 presidential election, Fillon resigned on 10 May. Following the inauguration of Hollande as president on 15 May 2012, Jean-Marc Ayrault, Mayor of Nantes, was appointed to succeed Fillon as Prime Minister.Aiming at building consensus within the diverging views at the UMP after Francois Hollande's victory in the French presidential elections in 2012, Fillon declared his candidacy to become the President of the UMP party. On the day of the vote, both candidates (Fillon and Jean-François Copé) claimed victory and accused the other of cheating. This led to a major political crisis within the party with votes being recounted twice and Copé finally being declared winner.Fillon threatened to split from UMP unless new elections were organised. In December 2012, Copé agreed to organising elections in 2013, thus putting an end to the crisis.Fillon entered the 2016 Republican presidential primary, held on 20 November 2016, and seemed a likely third as late as a week before the vote. In early counting, Fillon emerged as the clear frontrunner, with Alain Juppé in second place. Third place Sarkozy conceded, bringing his support to Fillon, and Fillon and Juppé went into the run-off on 27 November 2016. Juppé conceded to Fillon, pledging his support for him as the Republican nominee in the 2017 presidential election.As of November 2016, Fillon was seen as the frontrunner for the Presidency against the Socialist candidate Benoît Hamon, Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen. However, revelations of series of political scandals at the end of January shattered his presidential bid, with polls rapidly showing him behind both Marine Le Pen and Emmanuel Macron and out of the runoff. Fillon's visits on the ground attracted protesters who further destabilised his campaign. The news provocated consternation in Germany where Fillon was seen as a serious and trusted candidate.On 23 April 2017, he secured 20.0% of the votes at the first round of the French presidential election, arriving third, and therefore failing to enter the runoff.Fillon has been described as economically liberal and fiscally conservative. For many observers, he is more liberal than his mentor Philippe Séguin. A few months after taking office as prime minister, he declared that he was "at the head of a state that is bankrupt financially, [...] which for 15 years has been in chronic deficit, [...] that has not voted a balanced budget for 25 years." He then committed publicly to "bring the state budget to balance by the end of the five-year", and reiterated this promise in 2012 and proposed a referendum on registration of the fiscal golden rule in the Constitution. In defending a policy of controlling the deficit, Fillon is in favour of abolishing the wealth tax, which he considers one of the causes of the debt of France. According to him, this tax discourages foreign entrepreneurs. This tax would be offset by the creation of a top slice of income tax to 50%, which would be included in the CSG.As a presidential candidate, Fillon aims to reduce the public sector and cut 500,000 civil-service jobs. Fillon has been compared to Margaret Thatcher due to his ambition to reduce the size of the state. He says in 2016 that he wants the state healthcare program ("securité sociale") to work better with fewer payments.Fillon is in favour of increasing the retirement age to 65. During the 2012 presidential election, he proposed that each job seeker should be offered vocational training and be forced to accept the employment offered to them after training.Fillon' stances on domestic and social issues are mostly perceived as conservative. As member of the National Assembly, he voted against the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual relations in 1982, against civil solidarity pacts in 1999, and against the legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2013. However, he says he will not ban the same-sex marriage law if elected president. He opposes adoption by same-sex couples.Fillon has stated that he is personally opposed to abortion but would not vote to ban it.Fillon blamed the 2017 social unrest in French Guiana on President Hollande's policies, which he said had failed.Fillon is an advocate of cracking down on Salafism and Muslim Brotherhood-linked groups and has stridently warned against the threat of "Islamic totalitarianism". He has called for dialogue with Syria under Bashar al-Assad and with the Russian Federation, under Vladimir Putin. Putin has been described as a friend of Fillon, although Fillon himself rejects that description.Fillon lives with his wife, Penelope, and five children, Marie, Charles, Antoine, Édouard and Arnaud, in the 12th-century Manoir de Beaucé, set in 20 acres (8 ha) of woodland on the banks of the River Sarthe 4 km east of the monastery village of Solesmes, near Sablé-sur-Sarthe, and about halfway between Le Mans and Angers. They had lived in various other properties, always in the Sarthe, throughout their marriage, before buying Beaucé in 1993.Fillon has a reputation as an Anglophile. His wife Penelope Kathryn Fillon, "née" Clarke, was born in Llanover in Wales, the daughter of a solicitor. They met while she was teaching English during her gap year in Le Mans, and they were married in the bride's family church in June 1980.François Fillon has spoken at a wide variety of universities in Britain, notably King's College London and the London School of Economics. On 1 September 2017, Fillon became a partner at asset manager Tikehau Capital.Fillon's younger brother, Pierre, an ophthalmic specialist (and now President of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest), later married Penelope Fillon's younger sister, Jane.In January 2017, "Le Canard enchaîné" published an article in which Penelope Fillon was accused of alleged fictitious employment, as her husband's ""assistante parlementaire"" for a total salary of €500,000 over eight years on the one hand, and as a "literary adviser" of "Revue des deux Mondes" on the other, with a monthly salary of €5,000, amounting to a total of another €100,000. A preliminary hearing immediately opened. The public outcry around this so-called "Penelopegate" was such that doubts were voiced about François Fillon himself, who was the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election, with an immediate sharp decline in the opinion polls.On 31 January, new reporting by "Le Canard enchaîné" found that Penelope Fillon was actually paid €300,000 more than previously reported, for a total sum of €831,440 for 15 years of her parliamentary assistant work. It also reported that Fillon had paid two of his children €84,000 for little apparent actual work. On 6 February 2017 Fillon held a press conference. He said "It was a mistake and I apologize to the French [people]" but also said that the salary of his wife was "perfectly justified".On 3 March 2017, the (Central office for the fight against corruption and financial and fiscal crime) executed a search at the Manoir de Beaucé where François and Penelope Fillon reside in the Sarthe department. This followed a search by the same agency on 2 March 2017 at the Fillons' Paris residence in the 7th arrondissement. On 6 March 2017, the inner circle of Fillon's party had a crisis meeting. Beforehand, Alain Juppé had definitively excluded becoming a replacement candidate. Fillon continues his candidacy, despite his promise (given on 26 January on TV) to withdraw from the race if subjected to criminal prosecution. On 23 March, Fillon said on national television that "Bienvenue Place Beauvau", a book co-authored by Didier Hassoux of "Le Canard enchaîné", suggested President François Hollande ran a shadow cabinet to spread rumours about his opponents. Hassoux denied this was the case.On 24 February 2020, Fillon became one of the few Prime Ministers to ever go on trial. On 29 June 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison - three of them suspended. Their lawyers said he will appeal the sentence. He remains free pending the outcome of the appeal.In its 22 March 2017 issue, satirical weekly "Le Canard enchaîné" reported that Fillon had introduced a Lebanese billionaire to Russian President Vladimir Putin at a business forum in St. Petersburg in 2015 as part of a $50,000 contract for Fillon's 2F Conseil consulting firm.Having lived his whole life in the Le Mans area and having represented it politically, Fillon is an enthusiastic supporter of the city's famous 24-hour sportscar race, which he has attended nearly every year since he was a small child. He is a member of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest, which stages the event, and is on the race's organisation committee. He has also competed in the Le Mans Legend historic sportscar races on the full 24-hour circuit and in a number of other classic road rallies. Fillon's younger brother Pierre currently serves as the President of the ACO, having been elected in 2013.	[ "Prime Minister of France", "Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe", "member of the French National Assembly", "Minister of National Education", "municipal executive", "Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe", "Minister of Labour", "member of the Senate of France", "Ministry of Higher Education and Research", "president" ]
Which position did François Fillon hold in Dec 09, 1986?	December 09, 1986	{ "text": [ "member of the general council", "Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe", "vice president" ] }	L2_Q101410_P39_2	François Fillon holds the position of Prime Minister of France from May, 2007 to May, 2012. François Fillon holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jun, 1997 to Jan, 1998. François Fillon holds the position of Minister of National Education from Mar, 2004 to Jun, 2005. François Fillon holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 1988 to Sep, 1991. François Fillon holds the position of member of the Senate of France from Sep, 2005 to Jun, 2007. François Fillon holds the position of president from Apr, 2001 to Sep, 2012. François Fillon holds the position of Minister of Labour from Mar, 2002 to Mar, 2004. François Fillon holds the position of member of the French National Assembly from Jun, 2007 to Jul, 2007. François Fillon holds the position of municipal executive from Jan, 2001 to Dec, 2022. François Fillon holds the position of member of the general council from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1998. François Fillon holds the position of vice president from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1992. François Fillon holds the position of Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 2001. François Fillon holds the position of Ministry of Higher Education and Research from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995.	François FillonFrançois Charles Armand Fillon (; born 4 March 1954) is a retired French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 2007 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the nominee of the Republicans (previously known as the Union for a Popular Movement), the country's largest centre-right political party, for the 2017 presidential election.Fillon became Jean-Pierre Raffarin's Minister of Labour in 2002 and undertook controversial reforms of the 35-hour working week law and of the French retirement system. In 2004, as Minister of National Education he proposed the much debated Fillon law on Education.In 2005, Fillon was elected Senator for the Sarthe department. His role as a political advisor in Nicolas Sarkozy's successful race for President led to his becoming Prime Minister in 2007. Fillon resigned upon Sarkozy's defeat by François Hollande in the 2012 presidential elections.Running on a platform described as conservative, he won the 2016 Republican presidential primary, defeating Alain Juppé. Following his victory in the primary, opinion polls showed Fillon as the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election. But in March 2017, he was formally charged in an embezzlement investigation in a case that became known as "Penelopegate" due to the involvement of his wife. In April, he finally came third in the first round with 20%.In 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison (three of them suspended). He has appealed the sentence.Fillon was born on 4 March 1954 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France. His father, Michel, is a civil law notary, while his mother, Anne Soulet Fillon, is a history professor of Basque descent. His youngest brother, Dominique, is a pianist and jazz musician.Fillon received a baccalauréat in 1972. He then studied at the University of Maine in Le Mans where he received a master's degree in public law in 1976. He subsequently received a master of Advanced Studies ("diplôme d'études approfondies") in public law from Paris Descartes University.The day after Nicolas Sarkozy became President he appointed Fillon as Prime Minister of France, charging him with the task of forming a new cabinet, which was announced on 18 May 2007. By appointing as Secretary of State André Santini, who had been indicted in the "Fondation Hamon" affair on charges of corruption, Fillon made the first break since 1992 with the so-called "Balladur jurisprudence", according to which an indicted governmental personality should resign until the case is closed. On 13 November 2010, Fillon resigned, paving the way for a cabinet reshuffle. One day later Sarkozy reappointed Fillon as Prime Minister, allowing Fillon to formally name a new cabinet.Following the defeat of Nicolas Sarkozy to François Hollande in the 2012 presidential election, Fillon resigned on 10 May. Following the inauguration of Hollande as president on 15 May 2012, Jean-Marc Ayrault, Mayor of Nantes, was appointed to succeed Fillon as Prime Minister.Aiming at building consensus within the diverging views at the UMP after Francois Hollande's victory in the French presidential elections in 2012, Fillon declared his candidacy to become the President of the UMP party. On the day of the vote, both candidates (Fillon and Jean-François Copé) claimed victory and accused the other of cheating. This led to a major political crisis within the party with votes being recounted twice and Copé finally being declared winner.Fillon threatened to split from UMP unless new elections were organised. In December 2012, Copé agreed to organising elections in 2013, thus putting an end to the crisis.Fillon entered the 2016 Republican presidential primary, held on 20 November 2016, and seemed a likely third as late as a week before the vote. In early counting, Fillon emerged as the clear frontrunner, with Alain Juppé in second place. Third place Sarkozy conceded, bringing his support to Fillon, and Fillon and Juppé went into the run-off on 27 November 2016. Juppé conceded to Fillon, pledging his support for him as the Republican nominee in the 2017 presidential election.As of November 2016, Fillon was seen as the frontrunner for the Presidency against the Socialist candidate Benoît Hamon, Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen. However, revelations of series of political scandals at the end of January shattered his presidential bid, with polls rapidly showing him behind both Marine Le Pen and Emmanuel Macron and out of the runoff. Fillon's visits on the ground attracted protesters who further destabilised his campaign. The news provocated consternation in Germany where Fillon was seen as a serious and trusted candidate.On 23 April 2017, he secured 20.0% of the votes at the first round of the French presidential election, arriving third, and therefore failing to enter the runoff.Fillon has been described as economically liberal and fiscally conservative. For many observers, he is more liberal than his mentor Philippe Séguin. A few months after taking office as prime minister, he declared that he was "at the head of a state that is bankrupt financially, [...] which for 15 years has been in chronic deficit, [...] that has not voted a balanced budget for 25 years." He then committed publicly to "bring the state budget to balance by the end of the five-year", and reiterated this promise in 2012 and proposed a referendum on registration of the fiscal golden rule in the Constitution. In defending a policy of controlling the deficit, Fillon is in favour of abolishing the wealth tax, which he considers one of the causes of the debt of France. According to him, this tax discourages foreign entrepreneurs. This tax would be offset by the creation of a top slice of income tax to 50%, which would be included in the CSG.As a presidential candidate, Fillon aims to reduce the public sector and cut 500,000 civil-service jobs. Fillon has been compared to Margaret Thatcher due to his ambition to reduce the size of the state. He says in 2016 that he wants the state healthcare program ("securité sociale") to work better with fewer payments.Fillon is in favour of increasing the retirement age to 65. During the 2012 presidential election, he proposed that each job seeker should be offered vocational training and be forced to accept the employment offered to them after training.Fillon' stances on domestic and social issues are mostly perceived as conservative. As member of the National Assembly, he voted against the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual relations in 1982, against civil solidarity pacts in 1999, and against the legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2013. However, he says he will not ban the same-sex marriage law if elected president. He opposes adoption by same-sex couples.Fillon has stated that he is personally opposed to abortion but would not vote to ban it.Fillon blamed the 2017 social unrest in French Guiana on President Hollande's policies, which he said had failed.Fillon is an advocate of cracking down on Salafism and Muslim Brotherhood-linked groups and has stridently warned against the threat of "Islamic totalitarianism". He has called for dialogue with Syria under Bashar al-Assad and with the Russian Federation, under Vladimir Putin. Putin has been described as a friend of Fillon, although Fillon himself rejects that description.Fillon lives with his wife, Penelope, and five children, Marie, Charles, Antoine, Édouard and Arnaud, in the 12th-century Manoir de Beaucé, set in 20 acres (8 ha) of woodland on the banks of the River Sarthe 4 km east of the monastery village of Solesmes, near Sablé-sur-Sarthe, and about halfway between Le Mans and Angers. They had lived in various other properties, always in the Sarthe, throughout their marriage, before buying Beaucé in 1993.Fillon has a reputation as an Anglophile. His wife Penelope Kathryn Fillon, "née" Clarke, was born in Llanover in Wales, the daughter of a solicitor. They met while she was teaching English during her gap year in Le Mans, and they were married in the bride's family church in June 1980.François Fillon has spoken at a wide variety of universities in Britain, notably King's College London and the London School of Economics. On 1 September 2017, Fillon became a partner at asset manager Tikehau Capital.Fillon's younger brother, Pierre, an ophthalmic specialist (and now President of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest), later married Penelope Fillon's younger sister, Jane.In January 2017, "Le Canard enchaîné" published an article in which Penelope Fillon was accused of alleged fictitious employment, as her husband's ""assistante parlementaire"" for a total salary of €500,000 over eight years on the one hand, and as a "literary adviser" of "Revue des deux Mondes" on the other, with a monthly salary of €5,000, amounting to a total of another €100,000. A preliminary hearing immediately opened. The public outcry around this so-called "Penelopegate" was such that doubts were voiced about François Fillon himself, who was the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election, with an immediate sharp decline in the opinion polls.On 31 January, new reporting by "Le Canard enchaîné" found that Penelope Fillon was actually paid €300,000 more than previously reported, for a total sum of €831,440 for 15 years of her parliamentary assistant work. It also reported that Fillon had paid two of his children €84,000 for little apparent actual work. On 6 February 2017 Fillon held a press conference. He said "It was a mistake and I apologize to the French [people]" but also said that the salary of his wife was "perfectly justified".On 3 March 2017, the (Central office for the fight against corruption and financial and fiscal crime) executed a search at the Manoir de Beaucé where François and Penelope Fillon reside in the Sarthe department. This followed a search by the same agency on 2 March 2017 at the Fillons' Paris residence in the 7th arrondissement. On 6 March 2017, the inner circle of Fillon's party had a crisis meeting. Beforehand, Alain Juppé had definitively excluded becoming a replacement candidate. Fillon continues his candidacy, despite his promise (given on 26 January on TV) to withdraw from the race if subjected to criminal prosecution. On 23 March, Fillon said on national television that "Bienvenue Place Beauvau", a book co-authored by Didier Hassoux of "Le Canard enchaîné", suggested President François Hollande ran a shadow cabinet to spread rumours about his opponents. Hassoux denied this was the case.On 24 February 2020, Fillon became one of the few Prime Ministers to ever go on trial. On 29 June 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison - three of them suspended. Their lawyers said he will appeal the sentence. He remains free pending the outcome of the appeal.In its 22 March 2017 issue, satirical weekly "Le Canard enchaîné" reported that Fillon had introduced a Lebanese billionaire to Russian President Vladimir Putin at a business forum in St. Petersburg in 2015 as part of a $50,000 contract for Fillon's 2F Conseil consulting firm.Having lived his whole life in the Le Mans area and having represented it politically, Fillon is an enthusiastic supporter of the city's famous 24-hour sportscar race, which he has attended nearly every year since he was a small child. He is a member of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest, which stages the event, and is on the race's organisation committee. He has also competed in the Le Mans Legend historic sportscar races on the full 24-hour circuit and in a number of other classic road rallies. Fillon's younger brother Pierre currently serves as the President of the ACO, having been elected in 2013.	[ "Prime Minister of France", "Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe", "member of the French National Assembly", "Minister of National Education", "municipal executive", "Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe", "Minister of Labour", "member of the Senate of France", "Ministry of Higher Education and Research", "president" ]
Which position did François Fillon hold in 12/09/1986?	December 09, 1986	{ "text": [ "member of the general council", "Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe", "vice president" ] }	L2_Q101410_P39_2	François Fillon holds the position of Prime Minister of France from May, 2007 to May, 2012. François Fillon holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jun, 1997 to Jan, 1998. François Fillon holds the position of Minister of National Education from Mar, 2004 to Jun, 2005. François Fillon holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 1988 to Sep, 1991. François Fillon holds the position of member of the Senate of France from Sep, 2005 to Jun, 2007. François Fillon holds the position of president from Apr, 2001 to Sep, 2012. François Fillon holds the position of Minister of Labour from Mar, 2002 to Mar, 2004. François Fillon holds the position of member of the French National Assembly from Jun, 2007 to Jul, 2007. François Fillon holds the position of municipal executive from Jan, 2001 to Dec, 2022. François Fillon holds the position of member of the general council from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1998. François Fillon holds the position of vice president from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1992. François Fillon holds the position of Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 2001. François Fillon holds the position of Ministry of Higher Education and Research from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995.	François FillonFrançois Charles Armand Fillon (; born 4 March 1954) is a retired French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 2007 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the nominee of the Republicans (previously known as the Union for a Popular Movement), the country's largest centre-right political party, for the 2017 presidential election.Fillon became Jean-Pierre Raffarin's Minister of Labour in 2002 and undertook controversial reforms of the 35-hour working week law and of the French retirement system. In 2004, as Minister of National Education he proposed the much debated Fillon law on Education.In 2005, Fillon was elected Senator for the Sarthe department. His role as a political advisor in Nicolas Sarkozy's successful race for President led to his becoming Prime Minister in 2007. Fillon resigned upon Sarkozy's defeat by François Hollande in the 2012 presidential elections.Running on a platform described as conservative, he won the 2016 Republican presidential primary, defeating Alain Juppé. Following his victory in the primary, opinion polls showed Fillon as the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election. But in March 2017, he was formally charged in an embezzlement investigation in a case that became known as "Penelopegate" due to the involvement of his wife. In April, he finally came third in the first round with 20%.In 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison (three of them suspended). He has appealed the sentence.Fillon was born on 4 March 1954 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France. His father, Michel, is a civil law notary, while his mother, Anne Soulet Fillon, is a history professor of Basque descent. His youngest brother, Dominique, is a pianist and jazz musician.Fillon received a baccalauréat in 1972. He then studied at the University of Maine in Le Mans where he received a master's degree in public law in 1976. He subsequently received a master of Advanced Studies ("diplôme d'études approfondies") in public law from Paris Descartes University.The day after Nicolas Sarkozy became President he appointed Fillon as Prime Minister of France, charging him with the task of forming a new cabinet, which was announced on 18 May 2007. By appointing as Secretary of State André Santini, who had been indicted in the "Fondation Hamon" affair on charges of corruption, Fillon made the first break since 1992 with the so-called "Balladur jurisprudence", according to which an indicted governmental personality should resign until the case is closed. On 13 November 2010, Fillon resigned, paving the way for a cabinet reshuffle. One day later Sarkozy reappointed Fillon as Prime Minister, allowing Fillon to formally name a new cabinet.Following the defeat of Nicolas Sarkozy to François Hollande in the 2012 presidential election, Fillon resigned on 10 May. Following the inauguration of Hollande as president on 15 May 2012, Jean-Marc Ayrault, Mayor of Nantes, was appointed to succeed Fillon as Prime Minister.Aiming at building consensus within the diverging views at the UMP after Francois Hollande's victory in the French presidential elections in 2012, Fillon declared his candidacy to become the President of the UMP party. On the day of the vote, both candidates (Fillon and Jean-François Copé) claimed victory and accused the other of cheating. This led to a major political crisis within the party with votes being recounted twice and Copé finally being declared winner.Fillon threatened to split from UMP unless new elections were organised. In December 2012, Copé agreed to organising elections in 2013, thus putting an end to the crisis.Fillon entered the 2016 Republican presidential primary, held on 20 November 2016, and seemed a likely third as late as a week before the vote. In early counting, Fillon emerged as the clear frontrunner, with Alain Juppé in second place. Third place Sarkozy conceded, bringing his support to Fillon, and Fillon and Juppé went into the run-off on 27 November 2016. Juppé conceded to Fillon, pledging his support for him as the Republican nominee in the 2017 presidential election.As of November 2016, Fillon was seen as the frontrunner for the Presidency against the Socialist candidate Benoît Hamon, Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen. However, revelations of series of political scandals at the end of January shattered his presidential bid, with polls rapidly showing him behind both Marine Le Pen and Emmanuel Macron and out of the runoff. Fillon's visits on the ground attracted protesters who further destabilised his campaign. The news provocated consternation in Germany where Fillon was seen as a serious and trusted candidate.On 23 April 2017, he secured 20.0% of the votes at the first round of the French presidential election, arriving third, and therefore failing to enter the runoff.Fillon has been described as economically liberal and fiscally conservative. For many observers, he is more liberal than his mentor Philippe Séguin. A few months after taking office as prime minister, he declared that he was "at the head of a state that is bankrupt financially, [...] which for 15 years has been in chronic deficit, [...] that has not voted a balanced budget for 25 years." He then committed publicly to "bring the state budget to balance by the end of the five-year", and reiterated this promise in 2012 and proposed a referendum on registration of the fiscal golden rule in the Constitution. In defending a policy of controlling the deficit, Fillon is in favour of abolishing the wealth tax, which he considers one of the causes of the debt of France. According to him, this tax discourages foreign entrepreneurs. This tax would be offset by the creation of a top slice of income tax to 50%, which would be included in the CSG.As a presidential candidate, Fillon aims to reduce the public sector and cut 500,000 civil-service jobs. Fillon has been compared to Margaret Thatcher due to his ambition to reduce the size of the state. He says in 2016 that he wants the state healthcare program ("securité sociale") to work better with fewer payments.Fillon is in favour of increasing the retirement age to 65. During the 2012 presidential election, he proposed that each job seeker should be offered vocational training and be forced to accept the employment offered to them after training.Fillon' stances on domestic and social issues are mostly perceived as conservative. As member of the National Assembly, he voted against the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual relations in 1982, against civil solidarity pacts in 1999, and against the legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2013. However, he says he will not ban the same-sex marriage law if elected president. He opposes adoption by same-sex couples.Fillon has stated that he is personally opposed to abortion but would not vote to ban it.Fillon blamed the 2017 social unrest in French Guiana on President Hollande's policies, which he said had failed.Fillon is an advocate of cracking down on Salafism and Muslim Brotherhood-linked groups and has stridently warned against the threat of "Islamic totalitarianism". He has called for dialogue with Syria under Bashar al-Assad and with the Russian Federation, under Vladimir Putin. Putin has been described as a friend of Fillon, although Fillon himself rejects that description.Fillon lives with his wife, Penelope, and five children, Marie, Charles, Antoine, Édouard and Arnaud, in the 12th-century Manoir de Beaucé, set in 20 acres (8 ha) of woodland on the banks of the River Sarthe 4 km east of the monastery village of Solesmes, near Sablé-sur-Sarthe, and about halfway between Le Mans and Angers. They had lived in various other properties, always in the Sarthe, throughout their marriage, before buying Beaucé in 1993.Fillon has a reputation as an Anglophile. His wife Penelope Kathryn Fillon, "née" Clarke, was born in Llanover in Wales, the daughter of a solicitor. They met while she was teaching English during her gap year in Le Mans, and they were married in the bride's family church in June 1980.François Fillon has spoken at a wide variety of universities in Britain, notably King's College London and the London School of Economics. On 1 September 2017, Fillon became a partner at asset manager Tikehau Capital.Fillon's younger brother, Pierre, an ophthalmic specialist (and now President of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest), later married Penelope Fillon's younger sister, Jane.In January 2017, "Le Canard enchaîné" published an article in which Penelope Fillon was accused of alleged fictitious employment, as her husband's ""assistante parlementaire"" for a total salary of €500,000 over eight years on the one hand, and as a "literary adviser" of "Revue des deux Mondes" on the other, with a monthly salary of €5,000, amounting to a total of another €100,000. A preliminary hearing immediately opened. The public outcry around this so-called "Penelopegate" was such that doubts were voiced about François Fillon himself, who was the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election, with an immediate sharp decline in the opinion polls.On 31 January, new reporting by "Le Canard enchaîné" found that Penelope Fillon was actually paid €300,000 more than previously reported, for a total sum of €831,440 for 15 years of her parliamentary assistant work. It also reported that Fillon had paid two of his children €84,000 for little apparent actual work. On 6 February 2017 Fillon held a press conference. He said "It was a mistake and I apologize to the French [people]" but also said that the salary of his wife was "perfectly justified".On 3 March 2017, the (Central office for the fight against corruption and financial and fiscal crime) executed a search at the Manoir de Beaucé where François and Penelope Fillon reside in the Sarthe department. This followed a search by the same agency on 2 March 2017 at the Fillons' Paris residence in the 7th arrondissement. On 6 March 2017, the inner circle of Fillon's party had a crisis meeting. Beforehand, Alain Juppé had definitively excluded becoming a replacement candidate. Fillon continues his candidacy, despite his promise (given on 26 January on TV) to withdraw from the race if subjected to criminal prosecution. On 23 March, Fillon said on national television that "Bienvenue Place Beauvau", a book co-authored by Didier Hassoux of "Le Canard enchaîné", suggested President François Hollande ran a shadow cabinet to spread rumours about his opponents. Hassoux denied this was the case.On 24 February 2020, Fillon became one of the few Prime Ministers to ever go on trial. On 29 June 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison - three of them suspended. Their lawyers said he will appeal the sentence. He remains free pending the outcome of the appeal.In its 22 March 2017 issue, satirical weekly "Le Canard enchaîné" reported that Fillon had introduced a Lebanese billionaire to Russian President Vladimir Putin at a business forum in St. Petersburg in 2015 as part of a $50,000 contract for Fillon's 2F Conseil consulting firm.Having lived his whole life in the Le Mans area and having represented it politically, Fillon is an enthusiastic supporter of the city's famous 24-hour sportscar race, which he has attended nearly every year since he was a small child. He is a member of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest, which stages the event, and is on the race's organisation committee. He has also competed in the Le Mans Legend historic sportscar races on the full 24-hour circuit and in a number of other classic road rallies. Fillon's younger brother Pierre currently serves as the President of the ACO, having been elected in 2013.	[ "Prime Minister of France", "Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe", "member of the French National Assembly", "Minister of National Education", "municipal executive", "Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe", "Minister of Labour", "member of the Senate of France", "Ministry of Higher Education and Research", "president" ]
Which position did François Fillon hold in 09-Dec-198609-December-1986?	December 09, 1986	{ "text": [ "member of the general council", "Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe", "vice president" ] }	L2_Q101410_P39_2	François Fillon holds the position of Prime Minister of France from May, 2007 to May, 2012. François Fillon holds the position of Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Jun, 1997 to Jan, 1998. François Fillon holds the position of Minister of National Education from Mar, 2004 to Jun, 2005. François Fillon holds the position of Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from Nov, 1988 to Sep, 1991. François Fillon holds the position of member of the Senate of France from Sep, 2005 to Jun, 2007. François Fillon holds the position of president from Apr, 2001 to Sep, 2012. François Fillon holds the position of Minister of Labour from Mar, 2002 to Mar, 2004. François Fillon holds the position of member of the French National Assembly from Jun, 2007 to Jul, 2007. François Fillon holds the position of municipal executive from Jan, 2001 to Dec, 2022. François Fillon holds the position of member of the general council from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1998. François Fillon holds the position of vice president from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1992. François Fillon holds the position of Mayor of Sablé-sur-Sarthe from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 2001. François Fillon holds the position of Ministry of Higher Education and Research from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995.	François FillonFrançois Charles Armand Fillon (; born 4 March 1954) is a retired French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 2007 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the nominee of the Republicans (previously known as the Union for a Popular Movement), the country's largest centre-right political party, for the 2017 presidential election.Fillon became Jean-Pierre Raffarin's Minister of Labour in 2002 and undertook controversial reforms of the 35-hour working week law and of the French retirement system. In 2004, as Minister of National Education he proposed the much debated Fillon law on Education.In 2005, Fillon was elected Senator for the Sarthe department. His role as a political advisor in Nicolas Sarkozy's successful race for President led to his becoming Prime Minister in 2007. Fillon resigned upon Sarkozy's defeat by François Hollande in the 2012 presidential elections.Running on a platform described as conservative, he won the 2016 Republican presidential primary, defeating Alain Juppé. Following his victory in the primary, opinion polls showed Fillon as the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election. But in March 2017, he was formally charged in an embezzlement investigation in a case that became known as "Penelopegate" due to the involvement of his wife. In April, he finally came third in the first round with 20%.In 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison (three of them suspended). He has appealed the sentence.Fillon was born on 4 March 1954 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France. His father, Michel, is a civil law notary, while his mother, Anne Soulet Fillon, is a history professor of Basque descent. His youngest brother, Dominique, is a pianist and jazz musician.Fillon received a baccalauréat in 1972. He then studied at the University of Maine in Le Mans where he received a master's degree in public law in 1976. He subsequently received a master of Advanced Studies ("diplôme d'études approfondies") in public law from Paris Descartes University.The day after Nicolas Sarkozy became President he appointed Fillon as Prime Minister of France, charging him with the task of forming a new cabinet, which was announced on 18 May 2007. By appointing as Secretary of State André Santini, who had been indicted in the "Fondation Hamon" affair on charges of corruption, Fillon made the first break since 1992 with the so-called "Balladur jurisprudence", according to which an indicted governmental personality should resign until the case is closed. On 13 November 2010, Fillon resigned, paving the way for a cabinet reshuffle. One day later Sarkozy reappointed Fillon as Prime Minister, allowing Fillon to formally name a new cabinet.Following the defeat of Nicolas Sarkozy to François Hollande in the 2012 presidential election, Fillon resigned on 10 May. Following the inauguration of Hollande as president on 15 May 2012, Jean-Marc Ayrault, Mayor of Nantes, was appointed to succeed Fillon as Prime Minister.Aiming at building consensus within the diverging views at the UMP after Francois Hollande's victory in the French presidential elections in 2012, Fillon declared his candidacy to become the President of the UMP party. On the day of the vote, both candidates (Fillon and Jean-François Copé) claimed victory and accused the other of cheating. This led to a major political crisis within the party with votes being recounted twice and Copé finally being declared winner.Fillon threatened to split from UMP unless new elections were organised. In December 2012, Copé agreed to organising elections in 2013, thus putting an end to the crisis.Fillon entered the 2016 Republican presidential primary, held on 20 November 2016, and seemed a likely third as late as a week before the vote. In early counting, Fillon emerged as the clear frontrunner, with Alain Juppé in second place. Third place Sarkozy conceded, bringing his support to Fillon, and Fillon and Juppé went into the run-off on 27 November 2016. Juppé conceded to Fillon, pledging his support for him as the Republican nominee in the 2017 presidential election.As of November 2016, Fillon was seen as the frontrunner for the Presidency against the Socialist candidate Benoît Hamon, Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen. However, revelations of series of political scandals at the end of January shattered his presidential bid, with polls rapidly showing him behind both Marine Le Pen and Emmanuel Macron and out of the runoff. Fillon's visits on the ground attracted protesters who further destabilised his campaign. The news provocated consternation in Germany where Fillon was seen as a serious and trusted candidate.On 23 April 2017, he secured 20.0% of the votes at the first round of the French presidential election, arriving third, and therefore failing to enter the runoff.Fillon has been described as economically liberal and fiscally conservative. For many observers, he is more liberal than his mentor Philippe Séguin. A few months after taking office as prime minister, he declared that he was "at the head of a state that is bankrupt financially, [...] which for 15 years has been in chronic deficit, [...] that has not voted a balanced budget for 25 years." He then committed publicly to "bring the state budget to balance by the end of the five-year", and reiterated this promise in 2012 and proposed a referendum on registration of the fiscal golden rule in the Constitution. In defending a policy of controlling the deficit, Fillon is in favour of abolishing the wealth tax, which he considers one of the causes of the debt of France. According to him, this tax discourages foreign entrepreneurs. This tax would be offset by the creation of a top slice of income tax to 50%, which would be included in the CSG.As a presidential candidate, Fillon aims to reduce the public sector and cut 500,000 civil-service jobs. Fillon has been compared to Margaret Thatcher due to his ambition to reduce the size of the state. He says in 2016 that he wants the state healthcare program ("securité sociale") to work better with fewer payments.Fillon is in favour of increasing the retirement age to 65. During the 2012 presidential election, he proposed that each job seeker should be offered vocational training and be forced to accept the employment offered to them after training.Fillon' stances on domestic and social issues are mostly perceived as conservative. As member of the National Assembly, he voted against the equalisation of the age of consent for homosexual relations in 1982, against civil solidarity pacts in 1999, and against the legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2013. However, he says he will not ban the same-sex marriage law if elected president. He opposes adoption by same-sex couples.Fillon has stated that he is personally opposed to abortion but would not vote to ban it.Fillon blamed the 2017 social unrest in French Guiana on President Hollande's policies, which he said had failed.Fillon is an advocate of cracking down on Salafism and Muslim Brotherhood-linked groups and has stridently warned against the threat of "Islamic totalitarianism". He has called for dialogue with Syria under Bashar al-Assad and with the Russian Federation, under Vladimir Putin. Putin has been described as a friend of Fillon, although Fillon himself rejects that description.Fillon lives with his wife, Penelope, and five children, Marie, Charles, Antoine, Édouard and Arnaud, in the 12th-century Manoir de Beaucé, set in 20 acres (8 ha) of woodland on the banks of the River Sarthe 4 km east of the monastery village of Solesmes, near Sablé-sur-Sarthe, and about halfway between Le Mans and Angers. They had lived in various other properties, always in the Sarthe, throughout their marriage, before buying Beaucé in 1993.Fillon has a reputation as an Anglophile. His wife Penelope Kathryn Fillon, "née" Clarke, was born in Llanover in Wales, the daughter of a solicitor. They met while she was teaching English during her gap year in Le Mans, and they were married in the bride's family church in June 1980.François Fillon has spoken at a wide variety of universities in Britain, notably King's College London and the London School of Economics. On 1 September 2017, Fillon became a partner at asset manager Tikehau Capital.Fillon's younger brother, Pierre, an ophthalmic specialist (and now President of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest), later married Penelope Fillon's younger sister, Jane.In January 2017, "Le Canard enchaîné" published an article in which Penelope Fillon was accused of alleged fictitious employment, as her husband's ""assistante parlementaire"" for a total salary of €500,000 over eight years on the one hand, and as a "literary adviser" of "Revue des deux Mondes" on the other, with a monthly salary of €5,000, amounting to a total of another €100,000. A preliminary hearing immediately opened. The public outcry around this so-called "Penelopegate" was such that doubts were voiced about François Fillon himself, who was the frontrunner for the 2017 presidential election, with an immediate sharp decline in the opinion polls.On 31 January, new reporting by "Le Canard enchaîné" found that Penelope Fillon was actually paid €300,000 more than previously reported, for a total sum of €831,440 for 15 years of her parliamentary assistant work. It also reported that Fillon had paid two of his children €84,000 for little apparent actual work. On 6 February 2017 Fillon held a press conference. He said "It was a mistake and I apologize to the French [people]" but also said that the salary of his wife was "perfectly justified".On 3 March 2017, the (Central office for the fight against corruption and financial and fiscal crime) executed a search at the Manoir de Beaucé where François and Penelope Fillon reside in the Sarthe department. This followed a search by the same agency on 2 March 2017 at the Fillons' Paris residence in the 7th arrondissement. On 6 March 2017, the inner circle of Fillon's party had a crisis meeting. Beforehand, Alain Juppé had definitively excluded becoming a replacement candidate. Fillon continues his candidacy, despite his promise (given on 26 January on TV) to withdraw from the race if subjected to criminal prosecution. On 23 March, Fillon said on national television that "Bienvenue Place Beauvau", a book co-authored by Didier Hassoux of "Le Canard enchaîné", suggested President François Hollande ran a shadow cabinet to spread rumours about his opponents. Hassoux denied this was the case.On 24 February 2020, Fillon became one of the few Prime Ministers to ever go on trial. On 29 June 2020, he was convicted of fraud and misuse of funds, and sentenced to five years in prison - three of them suspended. Their lawyers said he will appeal the sentence. He remains free pending the outcome of the appeal.In its 22 March 2017 issue, satirical weekly "Le Canard enchaîné" reported that Fillon had introduced a Lebanese billionaire to Russian President Vladimir Putin at a business forum in St. Petersburg in 2015 as part of a $50,000 contract for Fillon's 2F Conseil consulting firm.Having lived his whole life in the Le Mans area and having represented it politically, Fillon is an enthusiastic supporter of the city's famous 24-hour sportscar race, which he has attended nearly every year since he was a small child. He is a member of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest, which stages the event, and is on the race's organisation committee. He has also competed in the Le Mans Legend historic sportscar races on the full 24-hour circuit and in a number of other classic road rallies. Fillon's younger brother Pierre currently serves as the President of the ACO, having been elected in 2013.	[ "Prime Minister of France", "Representative of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe", "member of the French National Assembly", "Minister of National Education", "municipal executive", "Substitute member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe", "Minister of Labour", "member of the Senate of France", "Ministry of Higher Education and Research", "president" ]
Which employer did Philipp August Böckh work for in Jul, 1847?	July 21, 1847	{ "text": [ "University of Berlin" ] }	L2_Q63183_P108_2	Philipp August Böckh works for University of Berlin from Jan, 1811 to Jan, 1861. Philipp August Böckh works for Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster from Jan, 1806 to Jan, 1807. Philipp August Böckh works for Heidelberg University from Jan, 1807 to Jan, 1811.	August BöckhAugust Böckh or Boeckh (; 24 November 1785 – 3 August 1867) was a German classical scholar and antiquarian.He was born in Karlsruhe, and educated at the local gymnasium; in 1803 he left for the University of Halle, where he studied theology. F. A. Wolf was teaching there, and creating an enthusiasm for classical studies; Böckh transferred from theology to philology, and became the best of Wolf's scholars.In 1807, he established himself as "Privatdozent" in the University of Heidelberg and was shortly afterwards appointed professor extraordinarius, becoming professor two years later. The common misapprehension of Böckh's first name being not just August but Philipp August originated in Heidelberg where staff of the university misread the abbreviation 'Dr phil' (doctor philosophiae) as 'Dr Philipp August Böckh'.In 1811, he moved to the new University of Berlin, where he had been appointed professor of eloquence and classical literature. He remained there till his death. He was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences of Berlin in 1814, and for a long time acted as its secretary. Many of the speeches contained in his "Gesammelte kleine Schriften" were delivered in this latter capacity. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1853.Böckh died in Berlin in 1867.Böckh worked out the ideas of Wolf in regard to philology and illustrated them by his practice. Discarding the old idea that philology consisted in a minute acquaintance with words and the exercise of the critical art, he regarded it as the entire knowledge of antiquity ("totius antiquitatis cognitio"), historical and philosophical. He divides philology into five parts: first, an inquiry into public acts, with a knowledge of times and places, into civil institutions, and also into law; second, an inquiry into private affairs; third, an exhibition of the religions and arts of the ancient nations; fourth, a history of all their moral and physical speculations and beliefs, and of their literatures; and fifth, a complete explanation of the language.Böckh set forth these ideas in a Latin oration delivered in 1822 ("Gesammelte kleine Schriften", i.). In his speech at the opening of the congress of German philologists in 1850, he defined philology as the historical construction of the entire life — therefore, of all forms of culture and all the productions of a people in its practical and spiritual tendencies. He allows that such a work is too great for any one person; but the very infinity of subjects is the stimulus to the pursuit of truth, and scholars strive because they have not attained. An account of Böckh's division of philology will be found in Freund's "Wie studiert man Philologie?".From 1806, till his death Böckh's literary activity was unceasing. His principal works include an edition of Pindar, the first volume of which (1811) contains the text of the Epinician odes; a treatise, "De Metris Pindari", in three books; and "Notae Criticae": the second (1819) contains the "Scholia"; and part ii. of volume ii. (1821) contains a Latin translation, a commentary, the fragments and indices. It was for a long time the most complete edition of Pindar. But it was especially the treatise on the metres which placed Böckh in the first rank of scholars. This treatise forms an epoch in the treatment of the subject. In it the author threw aside all attempts to determine the Greek metres by mere subjective standards, pointing out at the same time the close connection between the music and the poetry of the Greeks. He investigated minutely the nature of Greek music as far as it can be ascertained, as well as all the details regarding Greek musical instruments; and he explained the statements of the ancient Greek writers on rhythm. In this manner he laid the foundation for a scientific treatment of Greek metres.His "Die Staatshaushaltung der Athener" (1817; 2nd ed. 1851, with a supplementary volume "Urkunden über das Seewesen des attischen Staats"; 3rd ed. 1886) was translated into English under the title of "The Public Economy of Athens". In it he investigated a subject of peculiar difficulty with profound learning. He amassed information from the whole range of Greek literature, carefully appraised the value of the information given, and shows throughout every portion of it rare critical ability and insight. A work of a similar kind was his "Metrologische Untersuchungen über Gewichte, Münzfüsse, und Masse des Alterthums" (1838).In regard to the taxes and revenue of the Athenian state he derived a great deal of his most trustworthy information from inscriptions, many of which are given in his book. When the Berlin Academy of Sciences projected the plan of a "Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum", Böckh was chosen as the principal editor. This work (1828-1877) is in four volumes, the third and fourth volumes being edited by J. Franz, E. Curtius, A. Kirchhoff and H. Röhl.Böckh's activity was continually digressing into widely different fields. He gained for himself a foremost position amongst the investigators of ancient chronology, and his name occupies a place by the side of those of Ideler and Mommsen. His principal works on this subject were: "Zur Geschichte der Mondcyclen der Hellenen" (1855); "Epigraphisch-chronologische Studien" (1856); "Über die vierjährigen Sonnenkreise der Alten" (1863), and several papers which he published in the "Transactions" of the Berlin Academy. Böckh also occupied himself with philosophy. One of his earliest papers was on the Platonic doctrine of the world, "De Platonica corporis mundani fabrica et de vera Indole, Astronomiae Philolaice" (1810), to which may be added "Manetho und die Hundsternperiode" (1845).In opposition to Otto Gruppe, he denied that Plato affirmed the diurnal rotation of the earth ("Untersuchungen über das kosmische System des Platon", 1852), and when in opposition to him Grote published his opinions on the subject ("Plato and the Rotation of the Earth") Böckh was ready with his reply. Another of his earlier papers, and one frequently referred to, was "Commentatio Academica de simultate quae Platoni cum Xenophonte intercessisse fertur" (1811). Other philosophical writings were "Commentatio in Platonis qui vulgo fertur Minoem" (1806), and "Philolaos des Pythagoreers Lehren nebst den Bruchstücken" (1819), in which he endeavoured to show the genuineness of the fragments.Besides his edition of Pindar, Böckh published an edition of the "Antigone" of Sophocles (1843) with a poetical translation and essays. An early and important work on the Greek tragedians is his "Graecae Tragoediae Principum ... num ea quae supersunt et genuine omnia sint et forma primitive servata" (1808).The smaller writings of Böckh began to be collected in his lifetime. Three of the volumes were published before his death, and four after ("Gesammelte kleine Schriften", 1858–1874). The first two consist of orations delivered in the university or academy of Berlin, or on public occasions. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth contain his contributions to the "Transactions" of the Berlin Academy, and the seventh contains his critiques. Böckh's lectures, delivered from 1809-1865, were published by Bratusehek under the title of "Encyklopädie und Methodologie der philologischen Wissenschaften" (1877; 2nd ed. Klussmann, 1886). His philological and scientific theories are set forth in Elze, "Über Philologie als System" (1845), and Reichhardt, "Die Gliederung der Philologie entwickelt" (1846). His correspondence with Karl Otfried Müller appeared at Leipzig in 1883.John Paul Pritchard has made an abridged translation of Böckh's "Encyclopädie und Methodologie der philologischen Wissenschaften": August Boeckh, "On Interpretation and Criticism", University of Oklahoma Press, 1968.	[ "Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster", "Heidelberg University" ]
Which employer did Philipp August Böckh work for in 1847-07-21?	July 21, 1847	{ "text": [ "University of Berlin" ] }	L2_Q63183_P108_2	Philipp August Böckh works for University of Berlin from Jan, 1811 to Jan, 1861. Philipp August Böckh works for Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster from Jan, 1806 to Jan, 1807. Philipp August Böckh works for Heidelberg University from Jan, 1807 to Jan, 1811.	August BöckhAugust Böckh or Boeckh (; 24 November 1785 – 3 August 1867) was a German classical scholar and antiquarian.He was born in Karlsruhe, and educated at the local gymnasium; in 1803 he left for the University of Halle, where he studied theology. F. A. Wolf was teaching there, and creating an enthusiasm for classical studies; Böckh transferred from theology to philology, and became the best of Wolf's scholars.In 1807, he established himself as "Privatdozent" in the University of Heidelberg and was shortly afterwards appointed professor extraordinarius, becoming professor two years later. The common misapprehension of Böckh's first name being not just August but Philipp August originated in Heidelberg where staff of the university misread the abbreviation 'Dr phil' (doctor philosophiae) as 'Dr Philipp August Böckh'.In 1811, he moved to the new University of Berlin, where he had been appointed professor of eloquence and classical literature. He remained there till his death. He was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences of Berlin in 1814, and for a long time acted as its secretary. Many of the speeches contained in his "Gesammelte kleine Schriften" were delivered in this latter capacity. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1853.Böckh died in Berlin in 1867.Böckh worked out the ideas of Wolf in regard to philology and illustrated them by his practice. Discarding the old idea that philology consisted in a minute acquaintance with words and the exercise of the critical art, he regarded it as the entire knowledge of antiquity ("totius antiquitatis cognitio"), historical and philosophical. He divides philology into five parts: first, an inquiry into public acts, with a knowledge of times and places, into civil institutions, and also into law; second, an inquiry into private affairs; third, an exhibition of the religions and arts of the ancient nations; fourth, a history of all their moral and physical speculations and beliefs, and of their literatures; and fifth, a complete explanation of the language.Böckh set forth these ideas in a Latin oration delivered in 1822 ("Gesammelte kleine Schriften", i.). In his speech at the opening of the congress of German philologists in 1850, he defined philology as the historical construction of the entire life — therefore, of all forms of culture and all the productions of a people in its practical and spiritual tendencies. He allows that such a work is too great for any one person; but the very infinity of subjects is the stimulus to the pursuit of truth, and scholars strive because they have not attained. An account of Böckh's division of philology will be found in Freund's "Wie studiert man Philologie?".From 1806, till his death Böckh's literary activity was unceasing. His principal works include an edition of Pindar, the first volume of which (1811) contains the text of the Epinician odes; a treatise, "De Metris Pindari", in three books; and "Notae Criticae": the second (1819) contains the "Scholia"; and part ii. of volume ii. (1821) contains a Latin translation, a commentary, the fragments and indices. It was for a long time the most complete edition of Pindar. But it was especially the treatise on the metres which placed Böckh in the first rank of scholars. This treatise forms an epoch in the treatment of the subject. In it the author threw aside all attempts to determine the Greek metres by mere subjective standards, pointing out at the same time the close connection between the music and the poetry of the Greeks. He investigated minutely the nature of Greek music as far as it can be ascertained, as well as all the details regarding Greek musical instruments; and he explained the statements of the ancient Greek writers on rhythm. In this manner he laid the foundation for a scientific treatment of Greek metres.His "Die Staatshaushaltung der Athener" (1817; 2nd ed. 1851, with a supplementary volume "Urkunden über das Seewesen des attischen Staats"; 3rd ed. 1886) was translated into English under the title of "The Public Economy of Athens". In it he investigated a subject of peculiar difficulty with profound learning. He amassed information from the whole range of Greek literature, carefully appraised the value of the information given, and shows throughout every portion of it rare critical ability and insight. A work of a similar kind was his "Metrologische Untersuchungen über Gewichte, Münzfüsse, und Masse des Alterthums" (1838).In regard to the taxes and revenue of the Athenian state he derived a great deal of his most trustworthy information from inscriptions, many of which are given in his book. When the Berlin Academy of Sciences projected the plan of a "Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum", Böckh was chosen as the principal editor. This work (1828-1877) is in four volumes, the third and fourth volumes being edited by J. Franz, E. Curtius, A. Kirchhoff and H. Röhl.Böckh's activity was continually digressing into widely different fields. He gained for himself a foremost position amongst the investigators of ancient chronology, and his name occupies a place by the side of those of Ideler and Mommsen. His principal works on this subject were: "Zur Geschichte der Mondcyclen der Hellenen" (1855); "Epigraphisch-chronologische Studien" (1856); "Über die vierjährigen Sonnenkreise der Alten" (1863), and several papers which he published in the "Transactions" of the Berlin Academy. Böckh also occupied himself with philosophy. One of his earliest papers was on the Platonic doctrine of the world, "De Platonica corporis mundani fabrica et de vera Indole, Astronomiae Philolaice" (1810), to which may be added "Manetho und die Hundsternperiode" (1845).In opposition to Otto Gruppe, he denied that Plato affirmed the diurnal rotation of the earth ("Untersuchungen über das kosmische System des Platon", 1852), and when in opposition to him Grote published his opinions on the subject ("Plato and the Rotation of the Earth") Böckh was ready with his reply. Another of his earlier papers, and one frequently referred to, was "Commentatio Academica de simultate quae Platoni cum Xenophonte intercessisse fertur" (1811). Other philosophical writings were "Commentatio in Platonis qui vulgo fertur Minoem" (1806), and "Philolaos des Pythagoreers Lehren nebst den Bruchstücken" (1819), in which he endeavoured to show the genuineness of the fragments.Besides his edition of Pindar, Böckh published an edition of the "Antigone" of Sophocles (1843) with a poetical translation and essays. An early and important work on the Greek tragedians is his "Graecae Tragoediae Principum ... num ea quae supersunt et genuine omnia sint et forma primitive servata" (1808).The smaller writings of Böckh began to be collected in his lifetime. Three of the volumes were published before his death, and four after ("Gesammelte kleine Schriften", 1858–1874). The first two consist of orations delivered in the university or academy of Berlin, or on public occasions. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth contain his contributions to the "Transactions" of the Berlin Academy, and the seventh contains his critiques. Böckh's lectures, delivered from 1809-1865, were published by Bratusehek under the title of "Encyklopädie und Methodologie der philologischen Wissenschaften" (1877; 2nd ed. Klussmann, 1886). His philological and scientific theories are set forth in Elze, "Über Philologie als System" (1845), and Reichhardt, "Die Gliederung der Philologie entwickelt" (1846). His correspondence with Karl Otfried Müller appeared at Leipzig in 1883.John Paul Pritchard has made an abridged translation of Böckh's "Encyclopädie und Methodologie der philologischen Wissenschaften": August Boeckh, "On Interpretation and Criticism", University of Oklahoma Press, 1968.	[ "Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster", "Heidelberg University" ]
Which employer did Philipp August Böckh work for in 21/07/1847?	July 21, 1847	{ "text": [ "University of Berlin" ] }	L2_Q63183_P108_2	Philipp August Böckh works for University of Berlin from Jan, 1811 to Jan, 1861. Philipp August Böckh works for Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster from Jan, 1806 to Jan, 1807. Philipp August Böckh works for Heidelberg University from Jan, 1807 to Jan, 1811.	August BöckhAugust Böckh or Boeckh (; 24 November 1785 – 3 August 1867) was a German classical scholar and antiquarian.He was born in Karlsruhe, and educated at the local gymnasium; in 1803 he left for the University of Halle, where he studied theology. F. A. Wolf was teaching there, and creating an enthusiasm for classical studies; Böckh transferred from theology to philology, and became the best of Wolf's scholars.In 1807, he established himself as "Privatdozent" in the University of Heidelberg and was shortly afterwards appointed professor extraordinarius, becoming professor two years later. The common misapprehension of Böckh's first name being not just August but Philipp August originated in Heidelberg where staff of the university misread the abbreviation 'Dr phil' (doctor philosophiae) as 'Dr Philipp August Böckh'.In 1811, he moved to the new University of Berlin, where he had been appointed professor of eloquence and classical literature. He remained there till his death. He was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences of Berlin in 1814, and for a long time acted as its secretary. Many of the speeches contained in his "Gesammelte kleine Schriften" were delivered in this latter capacity. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1853.Böckh died in Berlin in 1867.Böckh worked out the ideas of Wolf in regard to philology and illustrated them by his practice. Discarding the old idea that philology consisted in a minute acquaintance with words and the exercise of the critical art, he regarded it as the entire knowledge of antiquity ("totius antiquitatis cognitio"), historical and philosophical. He divides philology into five parts: first, an inquiry into public acts, with a knowledge of times and places, into civil institutions, and also into law; second, an inquiry into private affairs; third, an exhibition of the religions and arts of the ancient nations; fourth, a history of all their moral and physical speculations and beliefs, and of their literatures; and fifth, a complete explanation of the language.Böckh set forth these ideas in a Latin oration delivered in 1822 ("Gesammelte kleine Schriften", i.). In his speech at the opening of the congress of German philologists in 1850, he defined philology as the historical construction of the entire life — therefore, of all forms of culture and all the productions of a people in its practical and spiritual tendencies. He allows that such a work is too great for any one person; but the very infinity of subjects is the stimulus to the pursuit of truth, and scholars strive because they have not attained. An account of Böckh's division of philology will be found in Freund's "Wie studiert man Philologie?".From 1806, till his death Böckh's literary activity was unceasing. His principal works include an edition of Pindar, the first volume of which (1811) contains the text of the Epinician odes; a treatise, "De Metris Pindari", in three books; and "Notae Criticae": the second (1819) contains the "Scholia"; and part ii. of volume ii. (1821) contains a Latin translation, a commentary, the fragments and indices. It was for a long time the most complete edition of Pindar. But it was especially the treatise on the metres which placed Böckh in the first rank of scholars. This treatise forms an epoch in the treatment of the subject. In it the author threw aside all attempts to determine the Greek metres by mere subjective standards, pointing out at the same time the close connection between the music and the poetry of the Greeks. He investigated minutely the nature of Greek music as far as it can be ascertained, as well as all the details regarding Greek musical instruments; and he explained the statements of the ancient Greek writers on rhythm. In this manner he laid the foundation for a scientific treatment of Greek metres.His "Die Staatshaushaltung der Athener" (1817; 2nd ed. 1851, with a supplementary volume "Urkunden über das Seewesen des attischen Staats"; 3rd ed. 1886) was translated into English under the title of "The Public Economy of Athens". In it he investigated a subject of peculiar difficulty with profound learning. He amassed information from the whole range of Greek literature, carefully appraised the value of the information given, and shows throughout every portion of it rare critical ability and insight. A work of a similar kind was his "Metrologische Untersuchungen über Gewichte, Münzfüsse, und Masse des Alterthums" (1838).In regard to the taxes and revenue of the Athenian state he derived a great deal of his most trustworthy information from inscriptions, many of which are given in his book. When the Berlin Academy of Sciences projected the plan of a "Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum", Böckh was chosen as the principal editor. This work (1828-1877) is in four volumes, the third and fourth volumes being edited by J. Franz, E. Curtius, A. Kirchhoff and H. Röhl.Böckh's activity was continually digressing into widely different fields. He gained for himself a foremost position amongst the investigators of ancient chronology, and his name occupies a place by the side of those of Ideler and Mommsen. His principal works on this subject were: "Zur Geschichte der Mondcyclen der Hellenen" (1855); "Epigraphisch-chronologische Studien" (1856); "Über die vierjährigen Sonnenkreise der Alten" (1863), and several papers which he published in the "Transactions" of the Berlin Academy. Böckh also occupied himself with philosophy. One of his earliest papers was on the Platonic doctrine of the world, "De Platonica corporis mundani fabrica et de vera Indole, Astronomiae Philolaice" (1810), to which may be added "Manetho und die Hundsternperiode" (1845).In opposition to Otto Gruppe, he denied that Plato affirmed the diurnal rotation of the earth ("Untersuchungen über das kosmische System des Platon", 1852), and when in opposition to him Grote published his opinions on the subject ("Plato and the Rotation of the Earth") Böckh was ready with his reply. Another of his earlier papers, and one frequently referred to, was "Commentatio Academica de simultate quae Platoni cum Xenophonte intercessisse fertur" (1811). Other philosophical writings were "Commentatio in Platonis qui vulgo fertur Minoem" (1806), and "Philolaos des Pythagoreers Lehren nebst den Bruchstücken" (1819), in which he endeavoured to show the genuineness of the fragments.Besides his edition of Pindar, Böckh published an edition of the "Antigone" of Sophocles (1843) with a poetical translation and essays. An early and important work on the Greek tragedians is his "Graecae Tragoediae Principum ... num ea quae supersunt et genuine omnia sint et forma primitive servata" (1808).The smaller writings of Böckh began to be collected in his lifetime. Three of the volumes were published before his death, and four after ("Gesammelte kleine Schriften", 1858–1874). The first two consist of orations delivered in the university or academy of Berlin, or on public occasions. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth contain his contributions to the "Transactions" of the Berlin Academy, and the seventh contains his critiques. Böckh's lectures, delivered from 1809-1865, were published by Bratusehek under the title of "Encyklopädie und Methodologie der philologischen Wissenschaften" (1877; 2nd ed. Klussmann, 1886). His philological and scientific theories are set forth in Elze, "Über Philologie als System" (1845), and Reichhardt, "Die Gliederung der Philologie entwickelt" (1846). His correspondence with Karl Otfried Müller appeared at Leipzig in 1883.John Paul Pritchard has made an abridged translation of Böckh's "Encyclopädie und Methodologie der philologischen Wissenschaften": August Boeckh, "On Interpretation and Criticism", University of Oklahoma Press, 1968.	[ "Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster", "Heidelberg University" ]
Which employer did Philipp August Böckh work for in Jul 21, 1847?	July 21, 1847	{ "text": [ "University of Berlin" ] }	L2_Q63183_P108_2	Philipp August Böckh works for University of Berlin from Jan, 1811 to Jan, 1861. Philipp August Böckh works for Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster from Jan, 1806 to Jan, 1807. Philipp August Böckh works for Heidelberg University from Jan, 1807 to Jan, 1811.	August BöckhAugust Böckh or Boeckh (; 24 November 1785 – 3 August 1867) was a German classical scholar and antiquarian.He was born in Karlsruhe, and educated at the local gymnasium; in 1803 he left for the University of Halle, where he studied theology. F. A. Wolf was teaching there, and creating an enthusiasm for classical studies; Böckh transferred from theology to philology, and became the best of Wolf's scholars.In 1807, he established himself as "Privatdozent" in the University of Heidelberg and was shortly afterwards appointed professor extraordinarius, becoming professor two years later. The common misapprehension of Böckh's first name being not just August but Philipp August originated in Heidelberg where staff of the university misread the abbreviation 'Dr phil' (doctor philosophiae) as 'Dr Philipp August Böckh'.In 1811, he moved to the new University of Berlin, where he had been appointed professor of eloquence and classical literature. He remained there till his death. He was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences of Berlin in 1814, and for a long time acted as its secretary. Many of the speeches contained in his "Gesammelte kleine Schriften" were delivered in this latter capacity. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1853.Böckh died in Berlin in 1867.Böckh worked out the ideas of Wolf in regard to philology and illustrated them by his practice. Discarding the old idea that philology consisted in a minute acquaintance with words and the exercise of the critical art, he regarded it as the entire knowledge of antiquity ("totius antiquitatis cognitio"), historical and philosophical. He divides philology into five parts: first, an inquiry into public acts, with a knowledge of times and places, into civil institutions, and also into law; second, an inquiry into private affairs; third, an exhibition of the religions and arts of the ancient nations; fourth, a history of all their moral and physical speculations and beliefs, and of their literatures; and fifth, a complete explanation of the language.Böckh set forth these ideas in a Latin oration delivered in 1822 ("Gesammelte kleine Schriften", i.). In his speech at the opening of the congress of German philologists in 1850, he defined philology as the historical construction of the entire life — therefore, of all forms of culture and all the productions of a people in its practical and spiritual tendencies. He allows that such a work is too great for any one person; but the very infinity of subjects is the stimulus to the pursuit of truth, and scholars strive because they have not attained. An account of Böckh's division of philology will be found in Freund's "Wie studiert man Philologie?".From 1806, till his death Böckh's literary activity was unceasing. His principal works include an edition of Pindar, the first volume of which (1811) contains the text of the Epinician odes; a treatise, "De Metris Pindari", in three books; and "Notae Criticae": the second (1819) contains the "Scholia"; and part ii. of volume ii. (1821) contains a Latin translation, a commentary, the fragments and indices. It was for a long time the most complete edition of Pindar. But it was especially the treatise on the metres which placed Böckh in the first rank of scholars. This treatise forms an epoch in the treatment of the subject. In it the author threw aside all attempts to determine the Greek metres by mere subjective standards, pointing out at the same time the close connection between the music and the poetry of the Greeks. He investigated minutely the nature of Greek music as far as it can be ascertained, as well as all the details regarding Greek musical instruments; and he explained the statements of the ancient Greek writers on rhythm. In this manner he laid the foundation for a scientific treatment of Greek metres.His "Die Staatshaushaltung der Athener" (1817; 2nd ed. 1851, with a supplementary volume "Urkunden über das Seewesen des attischen Staats"; 3rd ed. 1886) was translated into English under the title of "The Public Economy of Athens". In it he investigated a subject of peculiar difficulty with profound learning. He amassed information from the whole range of Greek literature, carefully appraised the value of the information given, and shows throughout every portion of it rare critical ability and insight. A work of a similar kind was his "Metrologische Untersuchungen über Gewichte, Münzfüsse, und Masse des Alterthums" (1838).In regard to the taxes and revenue of the Athenian state he derived a great deal of his most trustworthy information from inscriptions, many of which are given in his book. When the Berlin Academy of Sciences projected the plan of a "Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum", Böckh was chosen as the principal editor. This work (1828-1877) is in four volumes, the third and fourth volumes being edited by J. Franz, E. Curtius, A. Kirchhoff and H. Röhl.Böckh's activity was continually digressing into widely different fields. He gained for himself a foremost position amongst the investigators of ancient chronology, and his name occupies a place by the side of those of Ideler and Mommsen. His principal works on this subject were: "Zur Geschichte der Mondcyclen der Hellenen" (1855); "Epigraphisch-chronologische Studien" (1856); "Über die vierjährigen Sonnenkreise der Alten" (1863), and several papers which he published in the "Transactions" of the Berlin Academy. Böckh also occupied himself with philosophy. One of his earliest papers was on the Platonic doctrine of the world, "De Platonica corporis mundani fabrica et de vera Indole, Astronomiae Philolaice" (1810), to which may be added "Manetho und die Hundsternperiode" (1845).In opposition to Otto Gruppe, he denied that Plato affirmed the diurnal rotation of the earth ("Untersuchungen über das kosmische System des Platon", 1852), and when in opposition to him Grote published his opinions on the subject ("Plato and the Rotation of the Earth") Böckh was ready with his reply. Another of his earlier papers, and one frequently referred to, was "Commentatio Academica de simultate quae Platoni cum Xenophonte intercessisse fertur" (1811). Other philosophical writings were "Commentatio in Platonis qui vulgo fertur Minoem" (1806), and "Philolaos des Pythagoreers Lehren nebst den Bruchstücken" (1819), in which he endeavoured to show the genuineness of the fragments.Besides his edition of Pindar, Böckh published an edition of the "Antigone" of Sophocles (1843) with a poetical translation and essays. An early and important work on the Greek tragedians is his "Graecae Tragoediae Principum ... num ea quae supersunt et genuine omnia sint et forma primitive servata" (1808).The smaller writings of Böckh began to be collected in his lifetime. Three of the volumes were published before his death, and four after ("Gesammelte kleine Schriften", 1858–1874). The first two consist of orations delivered in the university or academy of Berlin, or on public occasions. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth contain his contributions to the "Transactions" of the Berlin Academy, and the seventh contains his critiques. Böckh's lectures, delivered from 1809-1865, were published by Bratusehek under the title of "Encyklopädie und Methodologie der philologischen Wissenschaften" (1877; 2nd ed. Klussmann, 1886). His philological and scientific theories are set forth in Elze, "Über Philologie als System" (1845), and Reichhardt, "Die Gliederung der Philologie entwickelt" (1846). His correspondence with Karl Otfried Müller appeared at Leipzig in 1883.John Paul Pritchard has made an abridged translation of Böckh's "Encyclopädie und Methodologie der philologischen Wissenschaften": August Boeckh, "On Interpretation and Criticism", University of Oklahoma Press, 1968.	[ "Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster", "Heidelberg University" ]
Which employer did Philipp August Böckh work for in 07/21/1847?	July 21, 1847	{ "text": [ "University of Berlin" ] }	L2_Q63183_P108_2	Philipp August Böckh works for University of Berlin from Jan, 1811 to Jan, 1861. Philipp August Böckh works for Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster from Jan, 1806 to Jan, 1807. Philipp August Böckh works for Heidelberg University from Jan, 1807 to Jan, 1811.	August BöckhAugust Böckh or Boeckh (; 24 November 1785 – 3 August 1867) was a German classical scholar and antiquarian.He was born in Karlsruhe, and educated at the local gymnasium; in 1803 he left for the University of Halle, where he studied theology. F. A. Wolf was teaching there, and creating an enthusiasm for classical studies; Böckh transferred from theology to philology, and became the best of Wolf's scholars.In 1807, he established himself as "Privatdozent" in the University of Heidelberg and was shortly afterwards appointed professor extraordinarius, becoming professor two years later. The common misapprehension of Böckh's first name being not just August but Philipp August originated in Heidelberg where staff of the university misread the abbreviation 'Dr phil' (doctor philosophiae) as 'Dr Philipp August Böckh'.In 1811, he moved to the new University of Berlin, where he had been appointed professor of eloquence and classical literature. He remained there till his death. He was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences of Berlin in 1814, and for a long time acted as its secretary. Many of the speeches contained in his "Gesammelte kleine Schriften" were delivered in this latter capacity. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1853.Böckh died in Berlin in 1867.Böckh worked out the ideas of Wolf in regard to philology and illustrated them by his practice. Discarding the old idea that philology consisted in a minute acquaintance with words and the exercise of the critical art, he regarded it as the entire knowledge of antiquity ("totius antiquitatis cognitio"), historical and philosophical. He divides philology into five parts: first, an inquiry into public acts, with a knowledge of times and places, into civil institutions, and also into law; second, an inquiry into private affairs; third, an exhibition of the religions and arts of the ancient nations; fourth, a history of all their moral and physical speculations and beliefs, and of their literatures; and fifth, a complete explanation of the language.Böckh set forth these ideas in a Latin oration delivered in 1822 ("Gesammelte kleine Schriften", i.). In his speech at the opening of the congress of German philologists in 1850, he defined philology as the historical construction of the entire life — therefore, of all forms of culture and all the productions of a people in its practical and spiritual tendencies. He allows that such a work is too great for any one person; but the very infinity of subjects is the stimulus to the pursuit of truth, and scholars strive because they have not attained. An account of Böckh's division of philology will be found in Freund's "Wie studiert man Philologie?".From 1806, till his death Böckh's literary activity was unceasing. His principal works include an edition of Pindar, the first volume of which (1811) contains the text of the Epinician odes; a treatise, "De Metris Pindari", in three books; and "Notae Criticae": the second (1819) contains the "Scholia"; and part ii. of volume ii. (1821) contains a Latin translation, a commentary, the fragments and indices. It was for a long time the most complete edition of Pindar. But it was especially the treatise on the metres which placed Böckh in the first rank of scholars. This treatise forms an epoch in the treatment of the subject. In it the author threw aside all attempts to determine the Greek metres by mere subjective standards, pointing out at the same time the close connection between the music and the poetry of the Greeks. He investigated minutely the nature of Greek music as far as it can be ascertained, as well as all the details regarding Greek musical instruments; and he explained the statements of the ancient Greek writers on rhythm. In this manner he laid the foundation for a scientific treatment of Greek metres.His "Die Staatshaushaltung der Athener" (1817; 2nd ed. 1851, with a supplementary volume "Urkunden über das Seewesen des attischen Staats"; 3rd ed. 1886) was translated into English under the title of "The Public Economy of Athens". In it he investigated a subject of peculiar difficulty with profound learning. He amassed information from the whole range of Greek literature, carefully appraised the value of the information given, and shows throughout every portion of it rare critical ability and insight. A work of a similar kind was his "Metrologische Untersuchungen über Gewichte, Münzfüsse, und Masse des Alterthums" (1838).In regard to the taxes and revenue of the Athenian state he derived a great deal of his most trustworthy information from inscriptions, many of which are given in his book. When the Berlin Academy of Sciences projected the plan of a "Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum", Böckh was chosen as the principal editor. This work (1828-1877) is in four volumes, the third and fourth volumes being edited by J. Franz, E. Curtius, A. Kirchhoff and H. Röhl.Böckh's activity was continually digressing into widely different fields. He gained for himself a foremost position amongst the investigators of ancient chronology, and his name occupies a place by the side of those of Ideler and Mommsen. His principal works on this subject were: "Zur Geschichte der Mondcyclen der Hellenen" (1855); "Epigraphisch-chronologische Studien" (1856); "Über die vierjährigen Sonnenkreise der Alten" (1863), and several papers which he published in the "Transactions" of the Berlin Academy. Böckh also occupied himself with philosophy. One of his earliest papers was on the Platonic doctrine of the world, "De Platonica corporis mundani fabrica et de vera Indole, Astronomiae Philolaice" (1810), to which may be added "Manetho und die Hundsternperiode" (1845).In opposition to Otto Gruppe, he denied that Plato affirmed the diurnal rotation of the earth ("Untersuchungen über das kosmische System des Platon", 1852), and when in opposition to him Grote published his opinions on the subject ("Plato and the Rotation of the Earth") Böckh was ready with his reply. Another of his earlier papers, and one frequently referred to, was "Commentatio Academica de simultate quae Platoni cum Xenophonte intercessisse fertur" (1811). Other philosophical writings were "Commentatio in Platonis qui vulgo fertur Minoem" (1806), and "Philolaos des Pythagoreers Lehren nebst den Bruchstücken" (1819), in which he endeavoured to show the genuineness of the fragments.Besides his edition of Pindar, Böckh published an edition of the "Antigone" of Sophocles (1843) with a poetical translation and essays. An early and important work on the Greek tragedians is his "Graecae Tragoediae Principum ... num ea quae supersunt et genuine omnia sint et forma primitive servata" (1808).The smaller writings of Böckh began to be collected in his lifetime. Three of the volumes were published before his death, and four after ("Gesammelte kleine Schriften", 1858–1874). The first two consist of orations delivered in the university or academy of Berlin, or on public occasions. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth contain his contributions to the "Transactions" of the Berlin Academy, and the seventh contains his critiques. Böckh's lectures, delivered from 1809-1865, were published by Bratusehek under the title of "Encyklopädie und Methodologie der philologischen Wissenschaften" (1877; 2nd ed. Klussmann, 1886). His philological and scientific theories are set forth in Elze, "Über Philologie als System" (1845), and Reichhardt, "Die Gliederung der Philologie entwickelt" (1846). His correspondence with Karl Otfried Müller appeared at Leipzig in 1883.John Paul Pritchard has made an abridged translation of Böckh's "Encyclopädie und Methodologie der philologischen Wissenschaften": August Boeckh, "On Interpretation and Criticism", University of Oklahoma Press, 1968.	[ "Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster", "Heidelberg University" ]
Which employer did Philipp August Böckh work for in 21-Jul-184721-July-1847?	July 21, 1847	{ "text": [ "University of Berlin" ] }	L2_Q63183_P108_2	Philipp August Böckh works for University of Berlin from Jan, 1811 to Jan, 1861. Philipp August Böckh works for Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster from Jan, 1806 to Jan, 1807. Philipp August Böckh works for Heidelberg University from Jan, 1807 to Jan, 1811.	August BöckhAugust Böckh or Boeckh (; 24 November 1785 – 3 August 1867) was a German classical scholar and antiquarian.He was born in Karlsruhe, and educated at the local gymnasium; in 1803 he left for the University of Halle, where he studied theology. F. A. Wolf was teaching there, and creating an enthusiasm for classical studies; Böckh transferred from theology to philology, and became the best of Wolf's scholars.In 1807, he established himself as "Privatdozent" in the University of Heidelberg and was shortly afterwards appointed professor extraordinarius, becoming professor two years later. The common misapprehension of Böckh's first name being not just August but Philipp August originated in Heidelberg where staff of the university misread the abbreviation 'Dr phil' (doctor philosophiae) as 'Dr Philipp August Böckh'.In 1811, he moved to the new University of Berlin, where he had been appointed professor of eloquence and classical literature. He remained there till his death. He was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences of Berlin in 1814, and for a long time acted as its secretary. Many of the speeches contained in his "Gesammelte kleine Schriften" were delivered in this latter capacity. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1853.Böckh died in Berlin in 1867.Böckh worked out the ideas of Wolf in regard to philology and illustrated them by his practice. Discarding the old idea that philology consisted in a minute acquaintance with words and the exercise of the critical art, he regarded it as the entire knowledge of antiquity ("totius antiquitatis cognitio"), historical and philosophical. He divides philology into five parts: first, an inquiry into public acts, with a knowledge of times and places, into civil institutions, and also into law; second, an inquiry into private affairs; third, an exhibition of the religions and arts of the ancient nations; fourth, a history of all their moral and physical speculations and beliefs, and of their literatures; and fifth, a complete explanation of the language.Böckh set forth these ideas in a Latin oration delivered in 1822 ("Gesammelte kleine Schriften", i.). In his speech at the opening of the congress of German philologists in 1850, he defined philology as the historical construction of the entire life — therefore, of all forms of culture and all the productions of a people in its practical and spiritual tendencies. He allows that such a work is too great for any one person; but the very infinity of subjects is the stimulus to the pursuit of truth, and scholars strive because they have not attained. An account of Böckh's division of philology will be found in Freund's "Wie studiert man Philologie?".From 1806, till his death Böckh's literary activity was unceasing. His principal works include an edition of Pindar, the first volume of which (1811) contains the text of the Epinician odes; a treatise, "De Metris Pindari", in three books; and "Notae Criticae": the second (1819) contains the "Scholia"; and part ii. of volume ii. (1821) contains a Latin translation, a commentary, the fragments and indices. It was for a long time the most complete edition of Pindar. But it was especially the treatise on the metres which placed Böckh in the first rank of scholars. This treatise forms an epoch in the treatment of the subject. In it the author threw aside all attempts to determine the Greek metres by mere subjective standards, pointing out at the same time the close connection between the music and the poetry of the Greeks. He investigated minutely the nature of Greek music as far as it can be ascertained, as well as all the details regarding Greek musical instruments; and he explained the statements of the ancient Greek writers on rhythm. In this manner he laid the foundation for a scientific treatment of Greek metres.His "Die Staatshaushaltung der Athener" (1817; 2nd ed. 1851, with a supplementary volume "Urkunden über das Seewesen des attischen Staats"; 3rd ed. 1886) was translated into English under the title of "The Public Economy of Athens". In it he investigated a subject of peculiar difficulty with profound learning. He amassed information from the whole range of Greek literature, carefully appraised the value of the information given, and shows throughout every portion of it rare critical ability and insight. A work of a similar kind was his "Metrologische Untersuchungen über Gewichte, Münzfüsse, und Masse des Alterthums" (1838).In regard to the taxes and revenue of the Athenian state he derived a great deal of his most trustworthy information from inscriptions, many of which are given in his book. When the Berlin Academy of Sciences projected the plan of a "Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum", Böckh was chosen as the principal editor. This work (1828-1877) is in four volumes, the third and fourth volumes being edited by J. Franz, E. Curtius, A. Kirchhoff and H. Röhl.Böckh's activity was continually digressing into widely different fields. He gained for himself a foremost position amongst the investigators of ancient chronology, and his name occupies a place by the side of those of Ideler and Mommsen. His principal works on this subject were: "Zur Geschichte der Mondcyclen der Hellenen" (1855); "Epigraphisch-chronologische Studien" (1856); "Über die vierjährigen Sonnenkreise der Alten" (1863), and several papers which he published in the "Transactions" of the Berlin Academy. Böckh also occupied himself with philosophy. One of his earliest papers was on the Platonic doctrine of the world, "De Platonica corporis mundani fabrica et de vera Indole, Astronomiae Philolaice" (1810), to which may be added "Manetho und die Hundsternperiode" (1845).In opposition to Otto Gruppe, he denied that Plato affirmed the diurnal rotation of the earth ("Untersuchungen über das kosmische System des Platon", 1852), and when in opposition to him Grote published his opinions on the subject ("Plato and the Rotation of the Earth") Böckh was ready with his reply. Another of his earlier papers, and one frequently referred to, was "Commentatio Academica de simultate quae Platoni cum Xenophonte intercessisse fertur" (1811). Other philosophical writings were "Commentatio in Platonis qui vulgo fertur Minoem" (1806), and "Philolaos des Pythagoreers Lehren nebst den Bruchstücken" (1819), in which he endeavoured to show the genuineness of the fragments.Besides his edition of Pindar, Böckh published an edition of the "Antigone" of Sophocles (1843) with a poetical translation and essays. An early and important work on the Greek tragedians is his "Graecae Tragoediae Principum ... num ea quae supersunt et genuine omnia sint et forma primitive servata" (1808).The smaller writings of Böckh began to be collected in his lifetime. Three of the volumes were published before his death, and four after ("Gesammelte kleine Schriften", 1858–1874). The first two consist of orations delivered in the university or academy of Berlin, or on public occasions. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth contain his contributions to the "Transactions" of the Berlin Academy, and the seventh contains his critiques. Böckh's lectures, delivered from 1809-1865, were published by Bratusehek under the title of "Encyklopädie und Methodologie der philologischen Wissenschaften" (1877; 2nd ed. Klussmann, 1886). His philological and scientific theories are set forth in Elze, "Über Philologie als System" (1845), and Reichhardt, "Die Gliederung der Philologie entwickelt" (1846). His correspondence with Karl Otfried Müller appeared at Leipzig in 1883.John Paul Pritchard has made an abridged translation of Böckh's "Encyclopädie und Methodologie der philologischen Wissenschaften": August Boeckh, "On Interpretation and Criticism", University of Oklahoma Press, 1968.	[ "Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster", "Heidelberg University" ]
Who was the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland in Jan, 1905?	January 18, 1905	{ "text": [ "Emil Perttilä", "Taavi Tainio" ] }	L2_Q499029_P488_4	Eero Heinäluoma is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jun, 2005 to Jun, 2008. Emil Skog is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1957. Kaarlo Harvala is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1930 to Jan, 1942. Karl Fredrik Hellsten is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1900 to Jan, 1903. Rafael Paasio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1975. Pertti Paasio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1991. Taavi Tainio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1903 to Jan, 1905. Kullervo Manner is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1917 to Jan, 1918. Jutta Urpilainen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jun, 2008 to May, 2014. Otto Wille Kuusinen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1911 to Jan, 1913. Emil Perttilä is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1905 to Jan, 1906. Paavo Lipponen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1993 to Jun, 2005. Sanna Marin is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Aug, 2020 to Dec, 2022. Väinö Salovaara is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1944. Matti Paasivuori is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1930. Antti Rinne is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from May, 2014 to Aug, 2020. Onni Hiltunen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. Kalevi Sorsa is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1975 to Jan, 1987. Väinö Tanner is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1963. Ulf Sundqvist is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993. Edvard Valpas-Hänninen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1909. Nils Robert af Ursin is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1899 to Jan, 1900. J. A. Salminen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1900 to Jan, 1900.	Social Democratic Party of FinlandThe Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP, ; ), founded as the Finnish Labour Party (; ), shortened to the Social Democrats (; ) and commonly known in Finnish as Demarit (), is a social-democratic political party in Finland. It is currently the largest party in the Parliament of Finland with 40 seats.Founded in 1899, the SDP is Finland's oldest active political party. The SDP has a close relationship with SAK, the largest trade union confederation. It is also a member of the Progressive Alliance, the Socialist International, the Party of European Socialists and SAMAK.Following the resignation of Antti Rinne in December 2019, Sanna Marin became the country's 67th Prime Minister. SDP formed a new coalition government on the basis of its predecessor, in effect continuing cooperation with the Centre Party, the Green League, the Left Alliance and the Swedish People's Party. Seven of the government's nineteen ministers are Social Democrats.The SDP was founded as the Finnish Labour Party in 1899, with its first meeting being held from 17–20 July in Turku. The name was changed to the present form in 1903. The SDP was closely associated with the Finnish Trade Union Federation (SAJ), established in 1907, with all of its members also being members of the party. The party remained a chiefly extra-parliamentary movement until universal suffrage was introduced in 1906, after which the SDP's share of the votes reached 47% in the 1916 Finnish parliamentary election, when the party secured a majority in the parliament, the only time in the history of Finland when one party has had such a majority. The party lost its majority in the 1917 Finnish parliamentary election after independence from Russia and started a rebellion that escalated into the Finnish Civil War in 1918.SDP members declared Finland a socialist republic, but they were defeated by the forces of the White Guard. The war resulted in most of the party leaders being killed, imprisoned or left to seek refuge in Soviet Russia. In addition, the process leading to the civil war and the war itself had stripped the party of its political legitimacy and respectability in the eyes of the right-wing majority. However, the political support for the party remained strong. In the 1919 Finnish parliamentary election, the party, reorganised by Väinö Tanner, received 80 of the 200 seats of the parliament. In 1918, former exiled SDP members founded the Communist Party of Finland (SKP) in Moscow. Although the SKP was banned in Finland until 1944, it was represented by front organizations, leading to the support of the Finnish working class being divided between the SDP and the SKP.It became the life's work of Väinö Tanner to re-establish the SDP as a serious, governing party. The result was a much more patriotic SDP which leaned less to the left and was relatively isolated from its Nordic sister parties, namely the Danish Social Democrats, the Norwegian Labour Party and the Swedish Social Democratic Party. President Pehr Evind Svinhufvud's animosity kept the SDP out of government during his presidency from 1931 to 1937. With the exception of a brief period in 1926, when Tanner formed a minority government, the SDP was excluded from cabinet participation until Kyösti Kallio was elected President in 1937. During World War II, the party played a central role in a series of broad coalition cabinets, symbolising national unity forged in response to the threat of the Soviet Union in the Winter War of 1939–1940. The SDP was a member of the Labour and Socialist International from 1923 to 1940.During the first few months of the Continuation War (1941–1944), the country, the parliament and the cabinet were divided on the question of whether Finland's army should stop at the old border and thereby demonstratively refrain from any attempt of conquests. However, the country's dangerous position called for national unity and the SDP's leadership chose to refrain from any visible protests. This decision is sometimes indicated as one of the main reasons behind the post-war division between the main left-wing parties (the SKP and the SDP) and the high percentage of SKP voters in the first elections after the Continuation War. After the war, the SKP was allowed to continue working and the main feature of Finnish political life during the 1944–1949 period was the competition between the SDP and the SKP, both for voters and for the control of the labor unions. During this time, the political field was divided roughly equally between the SDP, the SKP and the Agrarian League, each party commanding some 25% of the vote. In the post-war era, the SDP adopted a line defending Finnish sovereignty and democracy in line with the Agrarian League and other bourgeois political parties, finally leading to the expulsion of the SKP from the cabinet in 1948. As a result, the Soviet Union remained more openly critical towards the SDP than the centre-right parties.Because of the SDP's anti-communist activities, the United States Central Intelligence Agency supported the party by means of funds laundered through Nordic sister parties or through organizations that bought luxury goods such as coffee abroad, then imported and sold them for a high profit as post-war rationing served to inflate prices. In the 1956 Finnish presidential election, the SDP candidate Karl-August Fagerholm lost by only one electoral vote to Urho Kekkonen. Fagerholm would act as Prime Minister in the Fagerholm I Cabinet (1956–1957) and the Fagerholm II Cabinet (1958–1959). The latter cabinet was forced to resign due to Soviet pressure, leading to a series of cabinets led by the Agrarian League. In 1958, due to the election of Väinö Tanner as party chairman, a faction of the SDP resigned and formed the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders (TPSL) around the former SDP chairman Emil Skog. The dispute was over several issues, namely whether the party should function as an interest group and whether it should co-operate with the anti-communists and right-wingers or with president Kekkonen, the Agrarian League and the SKP. During the 1960s, the TPSL dwindled, its members returning one by one to the SDP or joining the SKP, with Skog himself returning to the SDP in 1965. In the 1970 Finnish parliamentary election, the TPSL failed to gain any seats in parliament. Only in 1966 was the SDP able to satisfy the Soviet Union about its friendly attitude towards it and could thus return to the cabinet. Since then, the SDP has been represented in most Finnish cabinets, often cooperating with the centrist-agrarian Centre Party (formerly the Agrarian League), but sometimes with the liberal-conservative National Coalition Party. The SDP was in opposition from 1991 to 1995, when the main parties in the cabinet were the Centre Party and the National Coalition Party (NCP).The 1995 Finnish parliamentary election saw a landslide victory for the SDP, achieving their best results since World War II. The SDP rose to government from the opposition and leader Paavo Lipponen headed two consecutive cabinets from 1995 to 2003. During this time, the party adopted a pro-European stance and contributed actively to the Finnish membership in the European Union in 1995 in concert with the cabinet. In the 2003 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP won 53 of the 200 seats, ending up a close second to the Centre Party. As a result, Lipponen became the Speaker of Parliament and the Centre Party leader Anneli Jäätteenmäki became the new Prime Minister, leading a coalition cabinet that included the SDP which got eight ministerial posts. After two months in office, Jäätteenmäki resigned due to a scandal relating to the Iraq leak and was replaced by Matti Vanhanen, another Centre Party representative, who commanded the Vanhanen I Cabinet.In the 2007 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP gained the third-most votes. The chairman of the then-largest Centre Party, Matti Vanhanen, became the Prime Minister and formed a coalition cabinet consisting of the Green League, the NCP and the Swedish People's Party of Finland (SFP), leaving the SDP to the opposition. SDP leader Eero Heinäluoma did not immediately resign as party chairman, but he did announce his withdrawal from running for party chairman in the following party conference. He was replaced by Jutta Urpilainen. The SDP suffered further losses in the 2008 Finnish municipal elections and the 2009 European Parliament election. In the 2011 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP lost three more seats, ending up with 19.1 percent of the vote which corresponded to 42 seats, the party's worst-ever result. However, as the Centre Party lost even more voters, the SDP became the second-largest party in the country after the NCP, receiving only some 1,500 votes more than the Finns Party which came in third. After lengthy negotiations, a six-party coalition government, the Katainen Cabinet, was formed with the NCP and the SDP as the two main parties. SDP leader Jutta Urpilainen became the cabinet's Minister of Finance, with NCP chairman Jyrki Katainen serving as Prime Minister.In the 2014 party conference, Urpilainen was narrowly defeated by her challenger Antti Rinne in a 257 to 243 vote. Urpilainen subsequently stepped down as the Minister of Finance, passing the seat on to Rinne. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, the drop of support continued for the SDP. The party lost eight more seats compared to the 2011 parliamentary election, ending up with 34 seats and 16.5 percent of the vote. With the repeat of the worst-ever result, the SDP dropped to being the fourth largest political party in Finland, receiving 50,110 fewer votes than the NCP, yet 237,000 more votes than the Green League. The SDP was left in the opposition and provided extensive criticism on the actions of the Sipilä Cabinet on matters such as alcohol policy, cuts to education spending and the so-called active model. On 22 June 2016, Maria Tolppanen, a Finns Party representative, joined the SDP. This increased the SDP's parliamentary seat number to 35. In the 2019 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP gained 6 seats in comparison to the 2015 parliamentary election and became the largest party in the parliament. Based on the answers and initial talks with all parties, Rinne announced that he would negotiate forming a government with the Centre Party, the Green League, the Left Alliance and the SFP. The negotiations were ultimately successful and the Rinne Cabinet was formally inaugurated on 6 June 2019. On 3 December 2019, Rinne resigned as Prime Minister after the Center Party had expressed a lack of confidence in Rinne for his handling of the events surrounding a postal strike in Finland. He was followed in the position by Sanna Marin, who was appointed as Prime Minister on 10 December 2019.The SDP is a centre-left social-democratic party. The SDP is opposed to Finland joining NATO and is for Finland remaining in the Partnership for Peace. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, 91% of SDP candidates were opposed to NATO membership.The SDP is in favor of LGBT adoption rights, the construction of nuclear power plants, the conservation of Swedish as one of Finland's two official languages and the increase of funding to public universities. The party is advocating for Finland to become oil-independent by 2030. The SDP has advocated for policies preventing foreigners from working in Finland. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, only the Finns Party had a higher share of candidates opposed to the easing of work-based immigration.The party opposed economic reforms both in the 2011 Finnish parliamentary election and in the subsequent government program negotiations. The SDP maintains a close relationship with trade unions. The party has opposed social reforms that would reduce the role of earnings-related unemployment benefits. The government pays them to recipients through financial middlemen that are almost exclusively trade unions. The SDP supports the separation of church and state.The average age of an SDP member is 61.5 years. Over one half of all SDP voters are active members of the workforce.	[ "Paavo Lipponen", "Antti Rinne", "Matti Paasivuori", "Ulf Sundqvist", "J. A. Salminen", "Nils Robert af Ursin", "Onni Hiltunen", "Edvard Valpas-Hänninen", "Rafael Paasio", "Karl Fredrik Hellsten", "Eero Heinäluoma", "Jutta Urpilainen", "Väinö Salovaara", "Pertti Paasio", "Otto Wille Kuusinen", "Emil Skog", "Sanna Marin", "Kaarlo Harvala", "Väinö Tanner", "Kullervo Manner", "Kalevi Sorsa", "Paavo Lipponen", "Antti Rinne", "Matti Paasivuori", "Ulf Sundqvist", "J. A. Salminen", "Nils Robert af Ursin", "Onni Hiltunen", "Edvard Valpas-Hänninen", "Taavi Tainio", "Rafael Paasio", "Karl Fredrik Hellsten", "Eero Heinäluoma", "Jutta Urpilainen", "Väinö Salovaara", "Pertti Paasio", "Otto Wille Kuusinen", "Emil Skog", "Sanna Marin", "Kaarlo Harvala", "Väinö Tanner", "Kullervo Manner", "Kalevi Sorsa" ]
Who was the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland in 1905-01-18?	January 18, 1905	{ "text": [ "Emil Perttilä", "Taavi Tainio" ] }	L2_Q499029_P488_4	Eero Heinäluoma is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jun, 2005 to Jun, 2008. Emil Skog is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1957. Kaarlo Harvala is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1930 to Jan, 1942. Karl Fredrik Hellsten is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1900 to Jan, 1903. Rafael Paasio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1975. Pertti Paasio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1991. Taavi Tainio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1903 to Jan, 1905. Kullervo Manner is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1917 to Jan, 1918. Jutta Urpilainen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jun, 2008 to May, 2014. Otto Wille Kuusinen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1911 to Jan, 1913. Emil Perttilä is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1905 to Jan, 1906. Paavo Lipponen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1993 to Jun, 2005. Sanna Marin is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Aug, 2020 to Dec, 2022. Väinö Salovaara is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1944. Matti Paasivuori is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1930. Antti Rinne is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from May, 2014 to Aug, 2020. Onni Hiltunen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. Kalevi Sorsa is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1975 to Jan, 1987. Väinö Tanner is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1963. Ulf Sundqvist is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993. Edvard Valpas-Hänninen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1909. Nils Robert af Ursin is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1899 to Jan, 1900. J. A. Salminen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1900 to Jan, 1900.	Social Democratic Party of FinlandThe Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP, ; ), founded as the Finnish Labour Party (; ), shortened to the Social Democrats (; ) and commonly known in Finnish as Demarit (), is a social-democratic political party in Finland. It is currently the largest party in the Parliament of Finland with 40 seats.Founded in 1899, the SDP is Finland's oldest active political party. The SDP has a close relationship with SAK, the largest trade union confederation. It is also a member of the Progressive Alliance, the Socialist International, the Party of European Socialists and SAMAK.Following the resignation of Antti Rinne in December 2019, Sanna Marin became the country's 67th Prime Minister. SDP formed a new coalition government on the basis of its predecessor, in effect continuing cooperation with the Centre Party, the Green League, the Left Alliance and the Swedish People's Party. Seven of the government's nineteen ministers are Social Democrats.The SDP was founded as the Finnish Labour Party in 1899, with its first meeting being held from 17–20 July in Turku. The name was changed to the present form in 1903. The SDP was closely associated with the Finnish Trade Union Federation (SAJ), established in 1907, with all of its members also being members of the party. The party remained a chiefly extra-parliamentary movement until universal suffrage was introduced in 1906, after which the SDP's share of the votes reached 47% in the 1916 Finnish parliamentary election, when the party secured a majority in the parliament, the only time in the history of Finland when one party has had such a majority. The party lost its majority in the 1917 Finnish parliamentary election after independence from Russia and started a rebellion that escalated into the Finnish Civil War in 1918.SDP members declared Finland a socialist republic, but they were defeated by the forces of the White Guard. The war resulted in most of the party leaders being killed, imprisoned or left to seek refuge in Soviet Russia. In addition, the process leading to the civil war and the war itself had stripped the party of its political legitimacy and respectability in the eyes of the right-wing majority. However, the political support for the party remained strong. In the 1919 Finnish parliamentary election, the party, reorganised by Väinö Tanner, received 80 of the 200 seats of the parliament. In 1918, former exiled SDP members founded the Communist Party of Finland (SKP) in Moscow. Although the SKP was banned in Finland until 1944, it was represented by front organizations, leading to the support of the Finnish working class being divided between the SDP and the SKP.It became the life's work of Väinö Tanner to re-establish the SDP as a serious, governing party. The result was a much more patriotic SDP which leaned less to the left and was relatively isolated from its Nordic sister parties, namely the Danish Social Democrats, the Norwegian Labour Party and the Swedish Social Democratic Party. President Pehr Evind Svinhufvud's animosity kept the SDP out of government during his presidency from 1931 to 1937. With the exception of a brief period in 1926, when Tanner formed a minority government, the SDP was excluded from cabinet participation until Kyösti Kallio was elected President in 1937. During World War II, the party played a central role in a series of broad coalition cabinets, symbolising national unity forged in response to the threat of the Soviet Union in the Winter War of 1939–1940. The SDP was a member of the Labour and Socialist International from 1923 to 1940.During the first few months of the Continuation War (1941–1944), the country, the parliament and the cabinet were divided on the question of whether Finland's army should stop at the old border and thereby demonstratively refrain from any attempt of conquests. However, the country's dangerous position called for national unity and the SDP's leadership chose to refrain from any visible protests. This decision is sometimes indicated as one of the main reasons behind the post-war division between the main left-wing parties (the SKP and the SDP) and the high percentage of SKP voters in the first elections after the Continuation War. After the war, the SKP was allowed to continue working and the main feature of Finnish political life during the 1944–1949 period was the competition between the SDP and the SKP, both for voters and for the control of the labor unions. During this time, the political field was divided roughly equally between the SDP, the SKP and the Agrarian League, each party commanding some 25% of the vote. In the post-war era, the SDP adopted a line defending Finnish sovereignty and democracy in line with the Agrarian League and other bourgeois political parties, finally leading to the expulsion of the SKP from the cabinet in 1948. As a result, the Soviet Union remained more openly critical towards the SDP than the centre-right parties.Because of the SDP's anti-communist activities, the United States Central Intelligence Agency supported the party by means of funds laundered through Nordic sister parties or through organizations that bought luxury goods such as coffee abroad, then imported and sold them for a high profit as post-war rationing served to inflate prices. In the 1956 Finnish presidential election, the SDP candidate Karl-August Fagerholm lost by only one electoral vote to Urho Kekkonen. Fagerholm would act as Prime Minister in the Fagerholm I Cabinet (1956–1957) and the Fagerholm II Cabinet (1958–1959). The latter cabinet was forced to resign due to Soviet pressure, leading to a series of cabinets led by the Agrarian League. In 1958, due to the election of Väinö Tanner as party chairman, a faction of the SDP resigned and formed the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders (TPSL) around the former SDP chairman Emil Skog. The dispute was over several issues, namely whether the party should function as an interest group and whether it should co-operate with the anti-communists and right-wingers or with president Kekkonen, the Agrarian League and the SKP. During the 1960s, the TPSL dwindled, its members returning one by one to the SDP or joining the SKP, with Skog himself returning to the SDP in 1965. In the 1970 Finnish parliamentary election, the TPSL failed to gain any seats in parliament. Only in 1966 was the SDP able to satisfy the Soviet Union about its friendly attitude towards it and could thus return to the cabinet. Since then, the SDP has been represented in most Finnish cabinets, often cooperating with the centrist-agrarian Centre Party (formerly the Agrarian League), but sometimes with the liberal-conservative National Coalition Party. The SDP was in opposition from 1991 to 1995, when the main parties in the cabinet were the Centre Party and the National Coalition Party (NCP).The 1995 Finnish parliamentary election saw a landslide victory for the SDP, achieving their best results since World War II. The SDP rose to government from the opposition and leader Paavo Lipponen headed two consecutive cabinets from 1995 to 2003. During this time, the party adopted a pro-European stance and contributed actively to the Finnish membership in the European Union in 1995 in concert with the cabinet. In the 2003 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP won 53 of the 200 seats, ending up a close second to the Centre Party. As a result, Lipponen became the Speaker of Parliament and the Centre Party leader Anneli Jäätteenmäki became the new Prime Minister, leading a coalition cabinet that included the SDP which got eight ministerial posts. After two months in office, Jäätteenmäki resigned due to a scandal relating to the Iraq leak and was replaced by Matti Vanhanen, another Centre Party representative, who commanded the Vanhanen I Cabinet.In the 2007 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP gained the third-most votes. The chairman of the then-largest Centre Party, Matti Vanhanen, became the Prime Minister and formed a coalition cabinet consisting of the Green League, the NCP and the Swedish People's Party of Finland (SFP), leaving the SDP to the opposition. SDP leader Eero Heinäluoma did not immediately resign as party chairman, but he did announce his withdrawal from running for party chairman in the following party conference. He was replaced by Jutta Urpilainen. The SDP suffered further losses in the 2008 Finnish municipal elections and the 2009 European Parliament election. In the 2011 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP lost three more seats, ending up with 19.1 percent of the vote which corresponded to 42 seats, the party's worst-ever result. However, as the Centre Party lost even more voters, the SDP became the second-largest party in the country after the NCP, receiving only some 1,500 votes more than the Finns Party which came in third. After lengthy negotiations, a six-party coalition government, the Katainen Cabinet, was formed with the NCP and the SDP as the two main parties. SDP leader Jutta Urpilainen became the cabinet's Minister of Finance, with NCP chairman Jyrki Katainen serving as Prime Minister.In the 2014 party conference, Urpilainen was narrowly defeated by her challenger Antti Rinne in a 257 to 243 vote. Urpilainen subsequently stepped down as the Minister of Finance, passing the seat on to Rinne. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, the drop of support continued for the SDP. The party lost eight more seats compared to the 2011 parliamentary election, ending up with 34 seats and 16.5 percent of the vote. With the repeat of the worst-ever result, the SDP dropped to being the fourth largest political party in Finland, receiving 50,110 fewer votes than the NCP, yet 237,000 more votes than the Green League. The SDP was left in the opposition and provided extensive criticism on the actions of the Sipilä Cabinet on matters such as alcohol policy, cuts to education spending and the so-called active model. On 22 June 2016, Maria Tolppanen, a Finns Party representative, joined the SDP. This increased the SDP's parliamentary seat number to 35. In the 2019 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP gained 6 seats in comparison to the 2015 parliamentary election and became the largest party in the parliament. Based on the answers and initial talks with all parties, Rinne announced that he would negotiate forming a government with the Centre Party, the Green League, the Left Alliance and the SFP. The negotiations were ultimately successful and the Rinne Cabinet was formally inaugurated on 6 June 2019. On 3 December 2019, Rinne resigned as Prime Minister after the Center Party had expressed a lack of confidence in Rinne for his handling of the events surrounding a postal strike in Finland. He was followed in the position by Sanna Marin, who was appointed as Prime Minister on 10 December 2019.The SDP is a centre-left social-democratic party. The SDP is opposed to Finland joining NATO and is for Finland remaining in the Partnership for Peace. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, 91% of SDP candidates were opposed to NATO membership.The SDP is in favor of LGBT adoption rights, the construction of nuclear power plants, the conservation of Swedish as one of Finland's two official languages and the increase of funding to public universities. The party is advocating for Finland to become oil-independent by 2030. The SDP has advocated for policies preventing foreigners from working in Finland. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, only the Finns Party had a higher share of candidates opposed to the easing of work-based immigration.The party opposed economic reforms both in the 2011 Finnish parliamentary election and in the subsequent government program negotiations. The SDP maintains a close relationship with trade unions. The party has opposed social reforms that would reduce the role of earnings-related unemployment benefits. The government pays them to recipients through financial middlemen that are almost exclusively trade unions. The SDP supports the separation of church and state.The average age of an SDP member is 61.5 years. Over one half of all SDP voters are active members of the workforce.	[ "Paavo Lipponen", "Antti Rinne", "Matti Paasivuori", "Ulf Sundqvist", "J. A. Salminen", "Nils Robert af Ursin", "Onni Hiltunen", "Edvard Valpas-Hänninen", "Rafael Paasio", "Karl Fredrik Hellsten", "Eero Heinäluoma", "Jutta Urpilainen", "Väinö Salovaara", "Pertti Paasio", "Otto Wille Kuusinen", "Emil Skog", "Sanna Marin", "Kaarlo Harvala", "Väinö Tanner", "Kullervo Manner", "Kalevi Sorsa", "Paavo Lipponen", "Antti Rinne", "Matti Paasivuori", "Ulf Sundqvist", "J. A. Salminen", "Nils Robert af Ursin", "Onni Hiltunen", "Edvard Valpas-Hänninen", "Taavi Tainio", "Rafael Paasio", "Karl Fredrik Hellsten", "Eero Heinäluoma", "Jutta Urpilainen", "Väinö Salovaara", "Pertti Paasio", "Otto Wille Kuusinen", "Emil Skog", "Sanna Marin", "Kaarlo Harvala", "Väinö Tanner", "Kullervo Manner", "Kalevi Sorsa" ]
Who was the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland in 18/01/1905?	January 18, 1905	{ "text": [ "Emil Perttilä", "Taavi Tainio" ] }	L2_Q499029_P488_4	Eero Heinäluoma is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jun, 2005 to Jun, 2008. Emil Skog is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1957. Kaarlo Harvala is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1930 to Jan, 1942. Karl Fredrik Hellsten is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1900 to Jan, 1903. Rafael Paasio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1975. Pertti Paasio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1991. Taavi Tainio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1903 to Jan, 1905. Kullervo Manner is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1917 to Jan, 1918. Jutta Urpilainen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jun, 2008 to May, 2014. Otto Wille Kuusinen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1911 to Jan, 1913. Emil Perttilä is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1905 to Jan, 1906. Paavo Lipponen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1993 to Jun, 2005. Sanna Marin is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Aug, 2020 to Dec, 2022. Väinö Salovaara is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1944. Matti Paasivuori is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1930. Antti Rinne is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from May, 2014 to Aug, 2020. Onni Hiltunen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. Kalevi Sorsa is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1975 to Jan, 1987. Väinö Tanner is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1963. Ulf Sundqvist is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993. Edvard Valpas-Hänninen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1909. Nils Robert af Ursin is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1899 to Jan, 1900. J. A. Salminen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1900 to Jan, 1900.	Social Democratic Party of FinlandThe Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP, ; ), founded as the Finnish Labour Party (; ), shortened to the Social Democrats (; ) and commonly known in Finnish as Demarit (), is a social-democratic political party in Finland. It is currently the largest party in the Parliament of Finland with 40 seats.Founded in 1899, the SDP is Finland's oldest active political party. The SDP has a close relationship with SAK, the largest trade union confederation. It is also a member of the Progressive Alliance, the Socialist International, the Party of European Socialists and SAMAK.Following the resignation of Antti Rinne in December 2019, Sanna Marin became the country's 67th Prime Minister. SDP formed a new coalition government on the basis of its predecessor, in effect continuing cooperation with the Centre Party, the Green League, the Left Alliance and the Swedish People's Party. Seven of the government's nineteen ministers are Social Democrats.The SDP was founded as the Finnish Labour Party in 1899, with its first meeting being held from 17–20 July in Turku. The name was changed to the present form in 1903. The SDP was closely associated with the Finnish Trade Union Federation (SAJ), established in 1907, with all of its members also being members of the party. The party remained a chiefly extra-parliamentary movement until universal suffrage was introduced in 1906, after which the SDP's share of the votes reached 47% in the 1916 Finnish parliamentary election, when the party secured a majority in the parliament, the only time in the history of Finland when one party has had such a majority. The party lost its majority in the 1917 Finnish parliamentary election after independence from Russia and started a rebellion that escalated into the Finnish Civil War in 1918.SDP members declared Finland a socialist republic, but they were defeated by the forces of the White Guard. The war resulted in most of the party leaders being killed, imprisoned or left to seek refuge in Soviet Russia. In addition, the process leading to the civil war and the war itself had stripped the party of its political legitimacy and respectability in the eyes of the right-wing majority. However, the political support for the party remained strong. In the 1919 Finnish parliamentary election, the party, reorganised by Väinö Tanner, received 80 of the 200 seats of the parliament. In 1918, former exiled SDP members founded the Communist Party of Finland (SKP) in Moscow. Although the SKP was banned in Finland until 1944, it was represented by front organizations, leading to the support of the Finnish working class being divided between the SDP and the SKP.It became the life's work of Väinö Tanner to re-establish the SDP as a serious, governing party. The result was a much more patriotic SDP which leaned less to the left and was relatively isolated from its Nordic sister parties, namely the Danish Social Democrats, the Norwegian Labour Party and the Swedish Social Democratic Party. President Pehr Evind Svinhufvud's animosity kept the SDP out of government during his presidency from 1931 to 1937. With the exception of a brief period in 1926, when Tanner formed a minority government, the SDP was excluded from cabinet participation until Kyösti Kallio was elected President in 1937. During World War II, the party played a central role in a series of broad coalition cabinets, symbolising national unity forged in response to the threat of the Soviet Union in the Winter War of 1939–1940. The SDP was a member of the Labour and Socialist International from 1923 to 1940.During the first few months of the Continuation War (1941–1944), the country, the parliament and the cabinet were divided on the question of whether Finland's army should stop at the old border and thereby demonstratively refrain from any attempt of conquests. However, the country's dangerous position called for national unity and the SDP's leadership chose to refrain from any visible protests. This decision is sometimes indicated as one of the main reasons behind the post-war division between the main left-wing parties (the SKP and the SDP) and the high percentage of SKP voters in the first elections after the Continuation War. After the war, the SKP was allowed to continue working and the main feature of Finnish political life during the 1944–1949 period was the competition between the SDP and the SKP, both for voters and for the control of the labor unions. During this time, the political field was divided roughly equally between the SDP, the SKP and the Agrarian League, each party commanding some 25% of the vote. In the post-war era, the SDP adopted a line defending Finnish sovereignty and democracy in line with the Agrarian League and other bourgeois political parties, finally leading to the expulsion of the SKP from the cabinet in 1948. As a result, the Soviet Union remained more openly critical towards the SDP than the centre-right parties.Because of the SDP's anti-communist activities, the United States Central Intelligence Agency supported the party by means of funds laundered through Nordic sister parties or through organizations that bought luxury goods such as coffee abroad, then imported and sold them for a high profit as post-war rationing served to inflate prices. In the 1956 Finnish presidential election, the SDP candidate Karl-August Fagerholm lost by only one electoral vote to Urho Kekkonen. Fagerholm would act as Prime Minister in the Fagerholm I Cabinet (1956–1957) and the Fagerholm II Cabinet (1958–1959). The latter cabinet was forced to resign due to Soviet pressure, leading to a series of cabinets led by the Agrarian League. In 1958, due to the election of Väinö Tanner as party chairman, a faction of the SDP resigned and formed the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders (TPSL) around the former SDP chairman Emil Skog. The dispute was over several issues, namely whether the party should function as an interest group and whether it should co-operate with the anti-communists and right-wingers or with president Kekkonen, the Agrarian League and the SKP. During the 1960s, the TPSL dwindled, its members returning one by one to the SDP or joining the SKP, with Skog himself returning to the SDP in 1965. In the 1970 Finnish parliamentary election, the TPSL failed to gain any seats in parliament. Only in 1966 was the SDP able to satisfy the Soviet Union about its friendly attitude towards it and could thus return to the cabinet. Since then, the SDP has been represented in most Finnish cabinets, often cooperating with the centrist-agrarian Centre Party (formerly the Agrarian League), but sometimes with the liberal-conservative National Coalition Party. The SDP was in opposition from 1991 to 1995, when the main parties in the cabinet were the Centre Party and the National Coalition Party (NCP).The 1995 Finnish parliamentary election saw a landslide victory for the SDP, achieving their best results since World War II. The SDP rose to government from the opposition and leader Paavo Lipponen headed two consecutive cabinets from 1995 to 2003. During this time, the party adopted a pro-European stance and contributed actively to the Finnish membership in the European Union in 1995 in concert with the cabinet. In the 2003 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP won 53 of the 200 seats, ending up a close second to the Centre Party. As a result, Lipponen became the Speaker of Parliament and the Centre Party leader Anneli Jäätteenmäki became the new Prime Minister, leading a coalition cabinet that included the SDP which got eight ministerial posts. After two months in office, Jäätteenmäki resigned due to a scandal relating to the Iraq leak and was replaced by Matti Vanhanen, another Centre Party representative, who commanded the Vanhanen I Cabinet.In the 2007 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP gained the third-most votes. The chairman of the then-largest Centre Party, Matti Vanhanen, became the Prime Minister and formed a coalition cabinet consisting of the Green League, the NCP and the Swedish People's Party of Finland (SFP), leaving the SDP to the opposition. SDP leader Eero Heinäluoma did not immediately resign as party chairman, but he did announce his withdrawal from running for party chairman in the following party conference. He was replaced by Jutta Urpilainen. The SDP suffered further losses in the 2008 Finnish municipal elections and the 2009 European Parliament election. In the 2011 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP lost three more seats, ending up with 19.1 percent of the vote which corresponded to 42 seats, the party's worst-ever result. However, as the Centre Party lost even more voters, the SDP became the second-largest party in the country after the NCP, receiving only some 1,500 votes more than the Finns Party which came in third. After lengthy negotiations, a six-party coalition government, the Katainen Cabinet, was formed with the NCP and the SDP as the two main parties. SDP leader Jutta Urpilainen became the cabinet's Minister of Finance, with NCP chairman Jyrki Katainen serving as Prime Minister.In the 2014 party conference, Urpilainen was narrowly defeated by her challenger Antti Rinne in a 257 to 243 vote. Urpilainen subsequently stepped down as the Minister of Finance, passing the seat on to Rinne. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, the drop of support continued for the SDP. The party lost eight more seats compared to the 2011 parliamentary election, ending up with 34 seats and 16.5 percent of the vote. With the repeat of the worst-ever result, the SDP dropped to being the fourth largest political party in Finland, receiving 50,110 fewer votes than the NCP, yet 237,000 more votes than the Green League. The SDP was left in the opposition and provided extensive criticism on the actions of the Sipilä Cabinet on matters such as alcohol policy, cuts to education spending and the so-called active model. On 22 June 2016, Maria Tolppanen, a Finns Party representative, joined the SDP. This increased the SDP's parliamentary seat number to 35. In the 2019 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP gained 6 seats in comparison to the 2015 parliamentary election and became the largest party in the parliament. Based on the answers and initial talks with all parties, Rinne announced that he would negotiate forming a government with the Centre Party, the Green League, the Left Alliance and the SFP. The negotiations were ultimately successful and the Rinne Cabinet was formally inaugurated on 6 June 2019. On 3 December 2019, Rinne resigned as Prime Minister after the Center Party had expressed a lack of confidence in Rinne for his handling of the events surrounding a postal strike in Finland. He was followed in the position by Sanna Marin, who was appointed as Prime Minister on 10 December 2019.The SDP is a centre-left social-democratic party. The SDP is opposed to Finland joining NATO and is for Finland remaining in the Partnership for Peace. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, 91% of SDP candidates were opposed to NATO membership.The SDP is in favor of LGBT adoption rights, the construction of nuclear power plants, the conservation of Swedish as one of Finland's two official languages and the increase of funding to public universities. The party is advocating for Finland to become oil-independent by 2030. The SDP has advocated for policies preventing foreigners from working in Finland. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, only the Finns Party had a higher share of candidates opposed to the easing of work-based immigration.The party opposed economic reforms both in the 2011 Finnish parliamentary election and in the subsequent government program negotiations. The SDP maintains a close relationship with trade unions. The party has opposed social reforms that would reduce the role of earnings-related unemployment benefits. The government pays them to recipients through financial middlemen that are almost exclusively trade unions. The SDP supports the separation of church and state.The average age of an SDP member is 61.5 years. Over one half of all SDP voters are active members of the workforce.	[ "Paavo Lipponen", "Antti Rinne", "Matti Paasivuori", "Ulf Sundqvist", "J. A. Salminen", "Nils Robert af Ursin", "Onni Hiltunen", "Edvard Valpas-Hänninen", "Rafael Paasio", "Karl Fredrik Hellsten", "Eero Heinäluoma", "Jutta Urpilainen", "Väinö Salovaara", "Pertti Paasio", "Otto Wille Kuusinen", "Emil Skog", "Sanna Marin", "Kaarlo Harvala", "Väinö Tanner", "Kullervo Manner", "Kalevi Sorsa", "Paavo Lipponen", "Antti Rinne", "Matti Paasivuori", "Ulf Sundqvist", "J. A. Salminen", "Nils Robert af Ursin", "Onni Hiltunen", "Edvard Valpas-Hänninen", "Taavi Tainio", "Rafael Paasio", "Karl Fredrik Hellsten", "Eero Heinäluoma", "Jutta Urpilainen", "Väinö Salovaara", "Pertti Paasio", "Otto Wille Kuusinen", "Emil Skog", "Sanna Marin", "Kaarlo Harvala", "Väinö Tanner", "Kullervo Manner", "Kalevi Sorsa" ]
Who was the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland in Jan 18, 1905?	January 18, 1905	{ "text": [ "Emil Perttilä", "Taavi Tainio" ] }	L2_Q499029_P488_4	Eero Heinäluoma is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jun, 2005 to Jun, 2008. Emil Skog is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1957. Kaarlo Harvala is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1930 to Jan, 1942. Karl Fredrik Hellsten is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1900 to Jan, 1903. Rafael Paasio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1975. Pertti Paasio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1991. Taavi Tainio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1903 to Jan, 1905. Kullervo Manner is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1917 to Jan, 1918. Jutta Urpilainen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jun, 2008 to May, 2014. Otto Wille Kuusinen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1911 to Jan, 1913. Emil Perttilä is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1905 to Jan, 1906. Paavo Lipponen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1993 to Jun, 2005. Sanna Marin is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Aug, 2020 to Dec, 2022. Väinö Salovaara is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1944. Matti Paasivuori is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1930. Antti Rinne is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from May, 2014 to Aug, 2020. Onni Hiltunen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. Kalevi Sorsa is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1975 to Jan, 1987. Väinö Tanner is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1963. Ulf Sundqvist is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993. Edvard Valpas-Hänninen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1909. Nils Robert af Ursin is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1899 to Jan, 1900. J. A. Salminen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1900 to Jan, 1900.	Social Democratic Party of FinlandThe Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP, ; ), founded as the Finnish Labour Party (; ), shortened to the Social Democrats (; ) and commonly known in Finnish as Demarit (), is a social-democratic political party in Finland. It is currently the largest party in the Parliament of Finland with 40 seats.Founded in 1899, the SDP is Finland's oldest active political party. The SDP has a close relationship with SAK, the largest trade union confederation. It is also a member of the Progressive Alliance, the Socialist International, the Party of European Socialists and SAMAK.Following the resignation of Antti Rinne in December 2019, Sanna Marin became the country's 67th Prime Minister. SDP formed a new coalition government on the basis of its predecessor, in effect continuing cooperation with the Centre Party, the Green League, the Left Alliance and the Swedish People's Party. Seven of the government's nineteen ministers are Social Democrats.The SDP was founded as the Finnish Labour Party in 1899, with its first meeting being held from 17–20 July in Turku. The name was changed to the present form in 1903. The SDP was closely associated with the Finnish Trade Union Federation (SAJ), established in 1907, with all of its members also being members of the party. The party remained a chiefly extra-parliamentary movement until universal suffrage was introduced in 1906, after which the SDP's share of the votes reached 47% in the 1916 Finnish parliamentary election, when the party secured a majority in the parliament, the only time in the history of Finland when one party has had such a majority. The party lost its majority in the 1917 Finnish parliamentary election after independence from Russia and started a rebellion that escalated into the Finnish Civil War in 1918.SDP members declared Finland a socialist republic, but they were defeated by the forces of the White Guard. The war resulted in most of the party leaders being killed, imprisoned or left to seek refuge in Soviet Russia. In addition, the process leading to the civil war and the war itself had stripped the party of its political legitimacy and respectability in the eyes of the right-wing majority. However, the political support for the party remained strong. In the 1919 Finnish parliamentary election, the party, reorganised by Väinö Tanner, received 80 of the 200 seats of the parliament. In 1918, former exiled SDP members founded the Communist Party of Finland (SKP) in Moscow. Although the SKP was banned in Finland until 1944, it was represented by front organizations, leading to the support of the Finnish working class being divided between the SDP and the SKP.It became the life's work of Väinö Tanner to re-establish the SDP as a serious, governing party. The result was a much more patriotic SDP which leaned less to the left and was relatively isolated from its Nordic sister parties, namely the Danish Social Democrats, the Norwegian Labour Party and the Swedish Social Democratic Party. President Pehr Evind Svinhufvud's animosity kept the SDP out of government during his presidency from 1931 to 1937. With the exception of a brief period in 1926, when Tanner formed a minority government, the SDP was excluded from cabinet participation until Kyösti Kallio was elected President in 1937. During World War II, the party played a central role in a series of broad coalition cabinets, symbolising national unity forged in response to the threat of the Soviet Union in the Winter War of 1939–1940. The SDP was a member of the Labour and Socialist International from 1923 to 1940.During the first few months of the Continuation War (1941–1944), the country, the parliament and the cabinet were divided on the question of whether Finland's army should stop at the old border and thereby demonstratively refrain from any attempt of conquests. However, the country's dangerous position called for national unity and the SDP's leadership chose to refrain from any visible protests. This decision is sometimes indicated as one of the main reasons behind the post-war division between the main left-wing parties (the SKP and the SDP) and the high percentage of SKP voters in the first elections after the Continuation War. After the war, the SKP was allowed to continue working and the main feature of Finnish political life during the 1944–1949 period was the competition between the SDP and the SKP, both for voters and for the control of the labor unions. During this time, the political field was divided roughly equally between the SDP, the SKP and the Agrarian League, each party commanding some 25% of the vote. In the post-war era, the SDP adopted a line defending Finnish sovereignty and democracy in line with the Agrarian League and other bourgeois political parties, finally leading to the expulsion of the SKP from the cabinet in 1948. As a result, the Soviet Union remained more openly critical towards the SDP than the centre-right parties.Because of the SDP's anti-communist activities, the United States Central Intelligence Agency supported the party by means of funds laundered through Nordic sister parties or through organizations that bought luxury goods such as coffee abroad, then imported and sold them for a high profit as post-war rationing served to inflate prices. In the 1956 Finnish presidential election, the SDP candidate Karl-August Fagerholm lost by only one electoral vote to Urho Kekkonen. Fagerholm would act as Prime Minister in the Fagerholm I Cabinet (1956–1957) and the Fagerholm II Cabinet (1958–1959). The latter cabinet was forced to resign due to Soviet pressure, leading to a series of cabinets led by the Agrarian League. In 1958, due to the election of Väinö Tanner as party chairman, a faction of the SDP resigned and formed the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders (TPSL) around the former SDP chairman Emil Skog. The dispute was over several issues, namely whether the party should function as an interest group and whether it should co-operate with the anti-communists and right-wingers or with president Kekkonen, the Agrarian League and the SKP. During the 1960s, the TPSL dwindled, its members returning one by one to the SDP or joining the SKP, with Skog himself returning to the SDP in 1965. In the 1970 Finnish parliamentary election, the TPSL failed to gain any seats in parliament. Only in 1966 was the SDP able to satisfy the Soviet Union about its friendly attitude towards it and could thus return to the cabinet. Since then, the SDP has been represented in most Finnish cabinets, often cooperating with the centrist-agrarian Centre Party (formerly the Agrarian League), but sometimes with the liberal-conservative National Coalition Party. The SDP was in opposition from 1991 to 1995, when the main parties in the cabinet were the Centre Party and the National Coalition Party (NCP).The 1995 Finnish parliamentary election saw a landslide victory for the SDP, achieving their best results since World War II. The SDP rose to government from the opposition and leader Paavo Lipponen headed two consecutive cabinets from 1995 to 2003. During this time, the party adopted a pro-European stance and contributed actively to the Finnish membership in the European Union in 1995 in concert with the cabinet. In the 2003 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP won 53 of the 200 seats, ending up a close second to the Centre Party. As a result, Lipponen became the Speaker of Parliament and the Centre Party leader Anneli Jäätteenmäki became the new Prime Minister, leading a coalition cabinet that included the SDP which got eight ministerial posts. After two months in office, Jäätteenmäki resigned due to a scandal relating to the Iraq leak and was replaced by Matti Vanhanen, another Centre Party representative, who commanded the Vanhanen I Cabinet.In the 2007 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP gained the third-most votes. The chairman of the then-largest Centre Party, Matti Vanhanen, became the Prime Minister and formed a coalition cabinet consisting of the Green League, the NCP and the Swedish People's Party of Finland (SFP), leaving the SDP to the opposition. SDP leader Eero Heinäluoma did not immediately resign as party chairman, but he did announce his withdrawal from running for party chairman in the following party conference. He was replaced by Jutta Urpilainen. The SDP suffered further losses in the 2008 Finnish municipal elections and the 2009 European Parliament election. In the 2011 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP lost three more seats, ending up with 19.1 percent of the vote which corresponded to 42 seats, the party's worst-ever result. However, as the Centre Party lost even more voters, the SDP became the second-largest party in the country after the NCP, receiving only some 1,500 votes more than the Finns Party which came in third. After lengthy negotiations, a six-party coalition government, the Katainen Cabinet, was formed with the NCP and the SDP as the two main parties. SDP leader Jutta Urpilainen became the cabinet's Minister of Finance, with NCP chairman Jyrki Katainen serving as Prime Minister.In the 2014 party conference, Urpilainen was narrowly defeated by her challenger Antti Rinne in a 257 to 243 vote. Urpilainen subsequently stepped down as the Minister of Finance, passing the seat on to Rinne. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, the drop of support continued for the SDP. The party lost eight more seats compared to the 2011 parliamentary election, ending up with 34 seats and 16.5 percent of the vote. With the repeat of the worst-ever result, the SDP dropped to being the fourth largest political party in Finland, receiving 50,110 fewer votes than the NCP, yet 237,000 more votes than the Green League. The SDP was left in the opposition and provided extensive criticism on the actions of the Sipilä Cabinet on matters such as alcohol policy, cuts to education spending and the so-called active model. On 22 June 2016, Maria Tolppanen, a Finns Party representative, joined the SDP. This increased the SDP's parliamentary seat number to 35. In the 2019 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP gained 6 seats in comparison to the 2015 parliamentary election and became the largest party in the parliament. Based on the answers and initial talks with all parties, Rinne announced that he would negotiate forming a government with the Centre Party, the Green League, the Left Alliance and the SFP. The negotiations were ultimately successful and the Rinne Cabinet was formally inaugurated on 6 June 2019. On 3 December 2019, Rinne resigned as Prime Minister after the Center Party had expressed a lack of confidence in Rinne for his handling of the events surrounding a postal strike in Finland. He was followed in the position by Sanna Marin, who was appointed as Prime Minister on 10 December 2019.The SDP is a centre-left social-democratic party. The SDP is opposed to Finland joining NATO and is for Finland remaining in the Partnership for Peace. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, 91% of SDP candidates were opposed to NATO membership.The SDP is in favor of LGBT adoption rights, the construction of nuclear power plants, the conservation of Swedish as one of Finland's two official languages and the increase of funding to public universities. The party is advocating for Finland to become oil-independent by 2030. The SDP has advocated for policies preventing foreigners from working in Finland. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, only the Finns Party had a higher share of candidates opposed to the easing of work-based immigration.The party opposed economic reforms both in the 2011 Finnish parliamentary election and in the subsequent government program negotiations. The SDP maintains a close relationship with trade unions. The party has opposed social reforms that would reduce the role of earnings-related unemployment benefits. The government pays them to recipients through financial middlemen that are almost exclusively trade unions. The SDP supports the separation of church and state.The average age of an SDP member is 61.5 years. Over one half of all SDP voters are active members of the workforce.	[ "Paavo Lipponen", "Antti Rinne", "Matti Paasivuori", "Ulf Sundqvist", "J. A. Salminen", "Nils Robert af Ursin", "Onni Hiltunen", "Edvard Valpas-Hänninen", "Rafael Paasio", "Karl Fredrik Hellsten", "Eero Heinäluoma", "Jutta Urpilainen", "Väinö Salovaara", "Pertti Paasio", "Otto Wille Kuusinen", "Emil Skog", "Sanna Marin", "Kaarlo Harvala", "Väinö Tanner", "Kullervo Manner", "Kalevi Sorsa", "Paavo Lipponen", "Antti Rinne", "Matti Paasivuori", "Ulf Sundqvist", "J. A. Salminen", "Nils Robert af Ursin", "Onni Hiltunen", "Edvard Valpas-Hänninen", "Taavi Tainio", "Rafael Paasio", "Karl Fredrik Hellsten", "Eero Heinäluoma", "Jutta Urpilainen", "Väinö Salovaara", "Pertti Paasio", "Otto Wille Kuusinen", "Emil Skog", "Sanna Marin", "Kaarlo Harvala", "Väinö Tanner", "Kullervo Manner", "Kalevi Sorsa" ]
Who was the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland in 01/18/1905?	January 18, 1905	{ "text": [ "Emil Perttilä", "Taavi Tainio" ] }	L2_Q499029_P488_4	Eero Heinäluoma is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jun, 2005 to Jun, 2008. Emil Skog is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1957. Kaarlo Harvala is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1930 to Jan, 1942. Karl Fredrik Hellsten is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1900 to Jan, 1903. Rafael Paasio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1975. Pertti Paasio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1991. Taavi Tainio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1903 to Jan, 1905. Kullervo Manner is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1917 to Jan, 1918. Jutta Urpilainen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jun, 2008 to May, 2014. Otto Wille Kuusinen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1911 to Jan, 1913. Emil Perttilä is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1905 to Jan, 1906. Paavo Lipponen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1993 to Jun, 2005. Sanna Marin is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Aug, 2020 to Dec, 2022. Väinö Salovaara is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1944. Matti Paasivuori is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1930. Antti Rinne is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from May, 2014 to Aug, 2020. Onni Hiltunen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. Kalevi Sorsa is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1975 to Jan, 1987. Väinö Tanner is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1963. Ulf Sundqvist is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993. Edvard Valpas-Hänninen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1909. Nils Robert af Ursin is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1899 to Jan, 1900. J. A. Salminen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1900 to Jan, 1900.	Social Democratic Party of FinlandThe Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP, ; ), founded as the Finnish Labour Party (; ), shortened to the Social Democrats (; ) and commonly known in Finnish as Demarit (), is a social-democratic political party in Finland. It is currently the largest party in the Parliament of Finland with 40 seats.Founded in 1899, the SDP is Finland's oldest active political party. The SDP has a close relationship with SAK, the largest trade union confederation. It is also a member of the Progressive Alliance, the Socialist International, the Party of European Socialists and SAMAK.Following the resignation of Antti Rinne in December 2019, Sanna Marin became the country's 67th Prime Minister. SDP formed a new coalition government on the basis of its predecessor, in effect continuing cooperation with the Centre Party, the Green League, the Left Alliance and the Swedish People's Party. Seven of the government's nineteen ministers are Social Democrats.The SDP was founded as the Finnish Labour Party in 1899, with its first meeting being held from 17–20 July in Turku. The name was changed to the present form in 1903. The SDP was closely associated with the Finnish Trade Union Federation (SAJ), established in 1907, with all of its members also being members of the party. The party remained a chiefly extra-parliamentary movement until universal suffrage was introduced in 1906, after which the SDP's share of the votes reached 47% in the 1916 Finnish parliamentary election, when the party secured a majority in the parliament, the only time in the history of Finland when one party has had such a majority. The party lost its majority in the 1917 Finnish parliamentary election after independence from Russia and started a rebellion that escalated into the Finnish Civil War in 1918.SDP members declared Finland a socialist republic, but they were defeated by the forces of the White Guard. The war resulted in most of the party leaders being killed, imprisoned or left to seek refuge in Soviet Russia. In addition, the process leading to the civil war and the war itself had stripped the party of its political legitimacy and respectability in the eyes of the right-wing majority. However, the political support for the party remained strong. In the 1919 Finnish parliamentary election, the party, reorganised by Väinö Tanner, received 80 of the 200 seats of the parliament. In 1918, former exiled SDP members founded the Communist Party of Finland (SKP) in Moscow. Although the SKP was banned in Finland until 1944, it was represented by front organizations, leading to the support of the Finnish working class being divided between the SDP and the SKP.It became the life's work of Väinö Tanner to re-establish the SDP as a serious, governing party. The result was a much more patriotic SDP which leaned less to the left and was relatively isolated from its Nordic sister parties, namely the Danish Social Democrats, the Norwegian Labour Party and the Swedish Social Democratic Party. President Pehr Evind Svinhufvud's animosity kept the SDP out of government during his presidency from 1931 to 1937. With the exception of a brief period in 1926, when Tanner formed a minority government, the SDP was excluded from cabinet participation until Kyösti Kallio was elected President in 1937. During World War II, the party played a central role in a series of broad coalition cabinets, symbolising national unity forged in response to the threat of the Soviet Union in the Winter War of 1939–1940. The SDP was a member of the Labour and Socialist International from 1923 to 1940.During the first few months of the Continuation War (1941–1944), the country, the parliament and the cabinet were divided on the question of whether Finland's army should stop at the old border and thereby demonstratively refrain from any attempt of conquests. However, the country's dangerous position called for national unity and the SDP's leadership chose to refrain from any visible protests. This decision is sometimes indicated as one of the main reasons behind the post-war division between the main left-wing parties (the SKP and the SDP) and the high percentage of SKP voters in the first elections after the Continuation War. After the war, the SKP was allowed to continue working and the main feature of Finnish political life during the 1944–1949 period was the competition between the SDP and the SKP, both for voters and for the control of the labor unions. During this time, the political field was divided roughly equally between the SDP, the SKP and the Agrarian League, each party commanding some 25% of the vote. In the post-war era, the SDP adopted a line defending Finnish sovereignty and democracy in line with the Agrarian League and other bourgeois political parties, finally leading to the expulsion of the SKP from the cabinet in 1948. As a result, the Soviet Union remained more openly critical towards the SDP than the centre-right parties.Because of the SDP's anti-communist activities, the United States Central Intelligence Agency supported the party by means of funds laundered through Nordic sister parties or through organizations that bought luxury goods such as coffee abroad, then imported and sold them for a high profit as post-war rationing served to inflate prices. In the 1956 Finnish presidential election, the SDP candidate Karl-August Fagerholm lost by only one electoral vote to Urho Kekkonen. Fagerholm would act as Prime Minister in the Fagerholm I Cabinet (1956–1957) and the Fagerholm II Cabinet (1958–1959). The latter cabinet was forced to resign due to Soviet pressure, leading to a series of cabinets led by the Agrarian League. In 1958, due to the election of Väinö Tanner as party chairman, a faction of the SDP resigned and formed the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders (TPSL) around the former SDP chairman Emil Skog. The dispute was over several issues, namely whether the party should function as an interest group and whether it should co-operate with the anti-communists and right-wingers or with president Kekkonen, the Agrarian League and the SKP. During the 1960s, the TPSL dwindled, its members returning one by one to the SDP or joining the SKP, with Skog himself returning to the SDP in 1965. In the 1970 Finnish parliamentary election, the TPSL failed to gain any seats in parliament. Only in 1966 was the SDP able to satisfy the Soviet Union about its friendly attitude towards it and could thus return to the cabinet. Since then, the SDP has been represented in most Finnish cabinets, often cooperating with the centrist-agrarian Centre Party (formerly the Agrarian League), but sometimes with the liberal-conservative National Coalition Party. The SDP was in opposition from 1991 to 1995, when the main parties in the cabinet were the Centre Party and the National Coalition Party (NCP).The 1995 Finnish parliamentary election saw a landslide victory for the SDP, achieving their best results since World War II. The SDP rose to government from the opposition and leader Paavo Lipponen headed two consecutive cabinets from 1995 to 2003. During this time, the party adopted a pro-European stance and contributed actively to the Finnish membership in the European Union in 1995 in concert with the cabinet. In the 2003 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP won 53 of the 200 seats, ending up a close second to the Centre Party. As a result, Lipponen became the Speaker of Parliament and the Centre Party leader Anneli Jäätteenmäki became the new Prime Minister, leading a coalition cabinet that included the SDP which got eight ministerial posts. After two months in office, Jäätteenmäki resigned due to a scandal relating to the Iraq leak and was replaced by Matti Vanhanen, another Centre Party representative, who commanded the Vanhanen I Cabinet.In the 2007 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP gained the third-most votes. The chairman of the then-largest Centre Party, Matti Vanhanen, became the Prime Minister and formed a coalition cabinet consisting of the Green League, the NCP and the Swedish People's Party of Finland (SFP), leaving the SDP to the opposition. SDP leader Eero Heinäluoma did not immediately resign as party chairman, but he did announce his withdrawal from running for party chairman in the following party conference. He was replaced by Jutta Urpilainen. The SDP suffered further losses in the 2008 Finnish municipal elections and the 2009 European Parliament election. In the 2011 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP lost three more seats, ending up with 19.1 percent of the vote which corresponded to 42 seats, the party's worst-ever result. However, as the Centre Party lost even more voters, the SDP became the second-largest party in the country after the NCP, receiving only some 1,500 votes more than the Finns Party which came in third. After lengthy negotiations, a six-party coalition government, the Katainen Cabinet, was formed with the NCP and the SDP as the two main parties. SDP leader Jutta Urpilainen became the cabinet's Minister of Finance, with NCP chairman Jyrki Katainen serving as Prime Minister.In the 2014 party conference, Urpilainen was narrowly defeated by her challenger Antti Rinne in a 257 to 243 vote. Urpilainen subsequently stepped down as the Minister of Finance, passing the seat on to Rinne. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, the drop of support continued for the SDP. The party lost eight more seats compared to the 2011 parliamentary election, ending up with 34 seats and 16.5 percent of the vote. With the repeat of the worst-ever result, the SDP dropped to being the fourth largest political party in Finland, receiving 50,110 fewer votes than the NCP, yet 237,000 more votes than the Green League. The SDP was left in the opposition and provided extensive criticism on the actions of the Sipilä Cabinet on matters such as alcohol policy, cuts to education spending and the so-called active model. On 22 June 2016, Maria Tolppanen, a Finns Party representative, joined the SDP. This increased the SDP's parliamentary seat number to 35. In the 2019 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP gained 6 seats in comparison to the 2015 parliamentary election and became the largest party in the parliament. Based on the answers and initial talks with all parties, Rinne announced that he would negotiate forming a government with the Centre Party, the Green League, the Left Alliance and the SFP. The negotiations were ultimately successful and the Rinne Cabinet was formally inaugurated on 6 June 2019. On 3 December 2019, Rinne resigned as Prime Minister after the Center Party had expressed a lack of confidence in Rinne for his handling of the events surrounding a postal strike in Finland. He was followed in the position by Sanna Marin, who was appointed as Prime Minister on 10 December 2019.The SDP is a centre-left social-democratic party. The SDP is opposed to Finland joining NATO and is for Finland remaining in the Partnership for Peace. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, 91% of SDP candidates were opposed to NATO membership.The SDP is in favor of LGBT adoption rights, the construction of nuclear power plants, the conservation of Swedish as one of Finland's two official languages and the increase of funding to public universities. The party is advocating for Finland to become oil-independent by 2030. The SDP has advocated for policies preventing foreigners from working in Finland. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, only the Finns Party had a higher share of candidates opposed to the easing of work-based immigration.The party opposed economic reforms both in the 2011 Finnish parliamentary election and in the subsequent government program negotiations. The SDP maintains a close relationship with trade unions. The party has opposed social reforms that would reduce the role of earnings-related unemployment benefits. The government pays them to recipients through financial middlemen that are almost exclusively trade unions. The SDP supports the separation of church and state.The average age of an SDP member is 61.5 years. Over one half of all SDP voters are active members of the workforce.	[ "Paavo Lipponen", "Antti Rinne", "Matti Paasivuori", "Ulf Sundqvist", "J. A. Salminen", "Nils Robert af Ursin", "Onni Hiltunen", "Edvard Valpas-Hänninen", "Rafael Paasio", "Karl Fredrik Hellsten", "Eero Heinäluoma", "Jutta Urpilainen", "Väinö Salovaara", "Pertti Paasio", "Otto Wille Kuusinen", "Emil Skog", "Sanna Marin", "Kaarlo Harvala", "Väinö Tanner", "Kullervo Manner", "Kalevi Sorsa", "Paavo Lipponen", "Antti Rinne", "Matti Paasivuori", "Ulf Sundqvist", "J. A. Salminen", "Nils Robert af Ursin", "Onni Hiltunen", "Edvard Valpas-Hänninen", "Taavi Tainio", "Rafael Paasio", "Karl Fredrik Hellsten", "Eero Heinäluoma", "Jutta Urpilainen", "Väinö Salovaara", "Pertti Paasio", "Otto Wille Kuusinen", "Emil Skog", "Sanna Marin", "Kaarlo Harvala", "Väinö Tanner", "Kullervo Manner", "Kalevi Sorsa" ]
Who was the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland in 18-Jan-190518-January-1905?	January 18, 1905	{ "text": [ "Emil Perttilä", "Taavi Tainio" ] }	L2_Q499029_P488_4	Eero Heinäluoma is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jun, 2005 to Jun, 2008. Emil Skog is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1957. Kaarlo Harvala is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1930 to Jan, 1942. Karl Fredrik Hellsten is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1900 to Jan, 1903. Rafael Paasio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1963 to Jan, 1975. Pertti Paasio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1991. Taavi Tainio is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1903 to Jan, 1905. Kullervo Manner is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1917 to Jan, 1918. Jutta Urpilainen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jun, 2008 to May, 2014. Otto Wille Kuusinen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1911 to Jan, 1913. Emil Perttilä is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1905 to Jan, 1906. Paavo Lipponen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1993 to Jun, 2005. Sanna Marin is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Aug, 2020 to Dec, 2022. Väinö Salovaara is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1942 to Jan, 1944. Matti Paasivuori is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1930. Antti Rinne is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from May, 2014 to Aug, 2020. Onni Hiltunen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. Kalevi Sorsa is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1975 to Jan, 1987. Väinö Tanner is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1957 to Jan, 1963. Ulf Sundqvist is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993. Edvard Valpas-Hänninen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1906 to Jan, 1909. Nils Robert af Ursin is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1899 to Jan, 1900. J. A. Salminen is the chair of Social Democratic Party of Finland from Jan, 1900 to Jan, 1900.	Social Democratic Party of FinlandThe Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP, ; ), founded as the Finnish Labour Party (; ), shortened to the Social Democrats (; ) and commonly known in Finnish as Demarit (), is a social-democratic political party in Finland. It is currently the largest party in the Parliament of Finland with 40 seats.Founded in 1899, the SDP is Finland's oldest active political party. The SDP has a close relationship with SAK, the largest trade union confederation. It is also a member of the Progressive Alliance, the Socialist International, the Party of European Socialists and SAMAK.Following the resignation of Antti Rinne in December 2019, Sanna Marin became the country's 67th Prime Minister. SDP formed a new coalition government on the basis of its predecessor, in effect continuing cooperation with the Centre Party, the Green League, the Left Alliance and the Swedish People's Party. Seven of the government's nineteen ministers are Social Democrats.The SDP was founded as the Finnish Labour Party in 1899, with its first meeting being held from 17–20 July in Turku. The name was changed to the present form in 1903. The SDP was closely associated with the Finnish Trade Union Federation (SAJ), established in 1907, with all of its members also being members of the party. The party remained a chiefly extra-parliamentary movement until universal suffrage was introduced in 1906, after which the SDP's share of the votes reached 47% in the 1916 Finnish parliamentary election, when the party secured a majority in the parliament, the only time in the history of Finland when one party has had such a majority. The party lost its majority in the 1917 Finnish parliamentary election after independence from Russia and started a rebellion that escalated into the Finnish Civil War in 1918.SDP members declared Finland a socialist republic, but they were defeated by the forces of the White Guard. The war resulted in most of the party leaders being killed, imprisoned or left to seek refuge in Soviet Russia. In addition, the process leading to the civil war and the war itself had stripped the party of its political legitimacy and respectability in the eyes of the right-wing majority. However, the political support for the party remained strong. In the 1919 Finnish parliamentary election, the party, reorganised by Väinö Tanner, received 80 of the 200 seats of the parliament. In 1918, former exiled SDP members founded the Communist Party of Finland (SKP) in Moscow. Although the SKP was banned in Finland until 1944, it was represented by front organizations, leading to the support of the Finnish working class being divided between the SDP and the SKP.It became the life's work of Väinö Tanner to re-establish the SDP as a serious, governing party. The result was a much more patriotic SDP which leaned less to the left and was relatively isolated from its Nordic sister parties, namely the Danish Social Democrats, the Norwegian Labour Party and the Swedish Social Democratic Party. President Pehr Evind Svinhufvud's animosity kept the SDP out of government during his presidency from 1931 to 1937. With the exception of a brief period in 1926, when Tanner formed a minority government, the SDP was excluded from cabinet participation until Kyösti Kallio was elected President in 1937. During World War II, the party played a central role in a series of broad coalition cabinets, symbolising national unity forged in response to the threat of the Soviet Union in the Winter War of 1939–1940. The SDP was a member of the Labour and Socialist International from 1923 to 1940.During the first few months of the Continuation War (1941–1944), the country, the parliament and the cabinet were divided on the question of whether Finland's army should stop at the old border and thereby demonstratively refrain from any attempt of conquests. However, the country's dangerous position called for national unity and the SDP's leadership chose to refrain from any visible protests. This decision is sometimes indicated as one of the main reasons behind the post-war division between the main left-wing parties (the SKP and the SDP) and the high percentage of SKP voters in the first elections after the Continuation War. After the war, the SKP was allowed to continue working and the main feature of Finnish political life during the 1944–1949 period was the competition between the SDP and the SKP, both for voters and for the control of the labor unions. During this time, the political field was divided roughly equally between the SDP, the SKP and the Agrarian League, each party commanding some 25% of the vote. In the post-war era, the SDP adopted a line defending Finnish sovereignty and democracy in line with the Agrarian League and other bourgeois political parties, finally leading to the expulsion of the SKP from the cabinet in 1948. As a result, the Soviet Union remained more openly critical towards the SDP than the centre-right parties.Because of the SDP's anti-communist activities, the United States Central Intelligence Agency supported the party by means of funds laundered through Nordic sister parties or through organizations that bought luxury goods such as coffee abroad, then imported and sold them for a high profit as post-war rationing served to inflate prices. In the 1956 Finnish presidential election, the SDP candidate Karl-August Fagerholm lost by only one electoral vote to Urho Kekkonen. Fagerholm would act as Prime Minister in the Fagerholm I Cabinet (1956–1957) and the Fagerholm II Cabinet (1958–1959). The latter cabinet was forced to resign due to Soviet pressure, leading to a series of cabinets led by the Agrarian League. In 1958, due to the election of Väinö Tanner as party chairman, a faction of the SDP resigned and formed the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders (TPSL) around the former SDP chairman Emil Skog. The dispute was over several issues, namely whether the party should function as an interest group and whether it should co-operate with the anti-communists and right-wingers or with president Kekkonen, the Agrarian League and the SKP. During the 1960s, the TPSL dwindled, its members returning one by one to the SDP or joining the SKP, with Skog himself returning to the SDP in 1965. In the 1970 Finnish parliamentary election, the TPSL failed to gain any seats in parliament. Only in 1966 was the SDP able to satisfy the Soviet Union about its friendly attitude towards it and could thus return to the cabinet. Since then, the SDP has been represented in most Finnish cabinets, often cooperating with the centrist-agrarian Centre Party (formerly the Agrarian League), but sometimes with the liberal-conservative National Coalition Party. The SDP was in opposition from 1991 to 1995, when the main parties in the cabinet were the Centre Party and the National Coalition Party (NCP).The 1995 Finnish parliamentary election saw a landslide victory for the SDP, achieving their best results since World War II. The SDP rose to government from the opposition and leader Paavo Lipponen headed two consecutive cabinets from 1995 to 2003. During this time, the party adopted a pro-European stance and contributed actively to the Finnish membership in the European Union in 1995 in concert with the cabinet. In the 2003 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP won 53 of the 200 seats, ending up a close second to the Centre Party. As a result, Lipponen became the Speaker of Parliament and the Centre Party leader Anneli Jäätteenmäki became the new Prime Minister, leading a coalition cabinet that included the SDP which got eight ministerial posts. After two months in office, Jäätteenmäki resigned due to a scandal relating to the Iraq leak and was replaced by Matti Vanhanen, another Centre Party representative, who commanded the Vanhanen I Cabinet.In the 2007 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP gained the third-most votes. The chairman of the then-largest Centre Party, Matti Vanhanen, became the Prime Minister and formed a coalition cabinet consisting of the Green League, the NCP and the Swedish People's Party of Finland (SFP), leaving the SDP to the opposition. SDP leader Eero Heinäluoma did not immediately resign as party chairman, but he did announce his withdrawal from running for party chairman in the following party conference. He was replaced by Jutta Urpilainen. The SDP suffered further losses in the 2008 Finnish municipal elections and the 2009 European Parliament election. In the 2011 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP lost three more seats, ending up with 19.1 percent of the vote which corresponded to 42 seats, the party's worst-ever result. However, as the Centre Party lost even more voters, the SDP became the second-largest party in the country after the NCP, receiving only some 1,500 votes more than the Finns Party which came in third. After lengthy negotiations, a six-party coalition government, the Katainen Cabinet, was formed with the NCP and the SDP as the two main parties. SDP leader Jutta Urpilainen became the cabinet's Minister of Finance, with NCP chairman Jyrki Katainen serving as Prime Minister.In the 2014 party conference, Urpilainen was narrowly defeated by her challenger Antti Rinne in a 257 to 243 vote. Urpilainen subsequently stepped down as the Minister of Finance, passing the seat on to Rinne. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, the drop of support continued for the SDP. The party lost eight more seats compared to the 2011 parliamentary election, ending up with 34 seats and 16.5 percent of the vote. With the repeat of the worst-ever result, the SDP dropped to being the fourth largest political party in Finland, receiving 50,110 fewer votes than the NCP, yet 237,000 more votes than the Green League. The SDP was left in the opposition and provided extensive criticism on the actions of the Sipilä Cabinet on matters such as alcohol policy, cuts to education spending and the so-called active model. On 22 June 2016, Maria Tolppanen, a Finns Party representative, joined the SDP. This increased the SDP's parliamentary seat number to 35. In the 2019 Finnish parliamentary election, the SDP gained 6 seats in comparison to the 2015 parliamentary election and became the largest party in the parliament. Based on the answers and initial talks with all parties, Rinne announced that he would negotiate forming a government with the Centre Party, the Green League, the Left Alliance and the SFP. The negotiations were ultimately successful and the Rinne Cabinet was formally inaugurated on 6 June 2019. On 3 December 2019, Rinne resigned as Prime Minister after the Center Party had expressed a lack of confidence in Rinne for his handling of the events surrounding a postal strike in Finland. He was followed in the position by Sanna Marin, who was appointed as Prime Minister on 10 December 2019.The SDP is a centre-left social-democratic party. The SDP is opposed to Finland joining NATO and is for Finland remaining in the Partnership for Peace. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, 91% of SDP candidates were opposed to NATO membership.The SDP is in favor of LGBT adoption rights, the construction of nuclear power plants, the conservation of Swedish as one of Finland's two official languages and the increase of funding to public universities. The party is advocating for Finland to become oil-independent by 2030. The SDP has advocated for policies preventing foreigners from working in Finland. In the 2015 Finnish parliamentary election, only the Finns Party had a higher share of candidates opposed to the easing of work-based immigration.The party opposed economic reforms both in the 2011 Finnish parliamentary election and in the subsequent government program negotiations. The SDP maintains a close relationship with trade unions. The party has opposed social reforms that would reduce the role of earnings-related unemployment benefits. The government pays them to recipients through financial middlemen that are almost exclusively trade unions. The SDP supports the separation of church and state.The average age of an SDP member is 61.5 years. Over one half of all SDP voters are active members of the workforce.	[ "Paavo Lipponen", "Antti Rinne", "Matti Paasivuori", "Ulf Sundqvist", "J. A. Salminen", "Nils Robert af Ursin", "Onni Hiltunen", "Edvard Valpas-Hänninen", "Rafael Paasio", "Karl Fredrik Hellsten", "Eero Heinäluoma", "Jutta Urpilainen", "Väinö Salovaara", "Pertti Paasio", "Otto Wille Kuusinen", "Emil Skog", "Sanna Marin", "Kaarlo Harvala", "Väinö Tanner", "Kullervo Manner", "Kalevi Sorsa", "Paavo Lipponen", "Antti Rinne", "Matti Paasivuori", "Ulf Sundqvist", "J. A. Salminen", "Nils Robert af Ursin", "Onni Hiltunen", "Edvard Valpas-Hänninen", "Taavi Tainio", "Rafael Paasio", "Karl Fredrik Hellsten", "Eero Heinäluoma", "Jutta Urpilainen", "Väinö Salovaara", "Pertti Paasio", "Otto Wille Kuusinen", "Emil Skog", "Sanna Marin", "Kaarlo Harvala", "Väinö Tanner", "Kullervo Manner", "Kalevi Sorsa" ]
Which team did Syarhey Herasimets play for in May, 1995?	May 23, 1995	{ "text": [ "Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C.", "Belarus national football team" ] }	L2_Q4135991_P54_4	Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Shakhtar Donetsk from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1988. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Zenit Saint Petersburg from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999. Syarhey Herasimets plays for Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C. from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1996. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dinamo Minsk from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1993. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FBK Kaunas from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 1999. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2000. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Ros Bila Tserkva from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1986. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Baltika Kaliningrad from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dynamo Kyiv from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1984. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Torpedo-MAZ Minsk from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002. Syarhey Herasimets plays for Belarus national football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1999.	Syarhey HerasimetsSyarhyey Ryhoravich Hyerasimets (; ; born 13 October 1965) is a Belarusian professional football coach and a former player.As a player, he made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League in 1984 for FC Dynamo Irpen. He is perhaps best known for scoring the only goal in a 1-0 win for Belarus over the Netherlands in a Euro 1996 qualifying match in 1995.His son is Ukrainian footballer Serhiy Herasymets, who as of 2017 plays for Ukrainian First League club MFC Mykolaiv.Dinamo MinskZenit Saint PetersburgŽalgiris KaunasIndividual	[ "FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg", "FBK Kaunas", "FC Zenit Saint Petersburg", "FC Torpedo-MAZ Minsk", "FC Baltika Kaliningrad", "FC Dinamo Minsk", "FC Dynamo Kyiv", "FC Shakhtar Donetsk", "FC Ros Bila Tserkva" ]
Which team did Syarhey Herasimets play for in 1995-05-23?	May 23, 1995	{ "text": [ "Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C.", "Belarus national football team" ] }	L2_Q4135991_P54_4	Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Shakhtar Donetsk from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1988. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Zenit Saint Petersburg from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999. Syarhey Herasimets plays for Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C. from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1996. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dinamo Minsk from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1993. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FBK Kaunas from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 1999. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2000. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Ros Bila Tserkva from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1986. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Baltika Kaliningrad from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dynamo Kyiv from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1984. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Torpedo-MAZ Minsk from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002. Syarhey Herasimets plays for Belarus national football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1999.	Syarhey HerasimetsSyarhyey Ryhoravich Hyerasimets (; ; born 13 October 1965) is a Belarusian professional football coach and a former player.As a player, he made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League in 1984 for FC Dynamo Irpen. He is perhaps best known for scoring the only goal in a 1-0 win for Belarus over the Netherlands in a Euro 1996 qualifying match in 1995.His son is Ukrainian footballer Serhiy Herasymets, who as of 2017 plays for Ukrainian First League club MFC Mykolaiv.Dinamo MinskZenit Saint PetersburgŽalgiris KaunasIndividual	[ "FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg", "FBK Kaunas", "FC Zenit Saint Petersburg", "FC Torpedo-MAZ Minsk", "FC Baltika Kaliningrad", "FC Dinamo Minsk", "FC Dynamo Kyiv", "FC Shakhtar Donetsk", "FC Ros Bila Tserkva" ]
Which team did Syarhey Herasimets play for in 23/05/1995?	May 23, 1995	{ "text": [ "Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C.", "Belarus national football team" ] }	L2_Q4135991_P54_4	Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Shakhtar Donetsk from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1988. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Zenit Saint Petersburg from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999. Syarhey Herasimets plays for Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C. from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1996. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dinamo Minsk from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1993. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FBK Kaunas from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 1999. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2000. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Ros Bila Tserkva from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1986. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Baltika Kaliningrad from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dynamo Kyiv from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1984. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Torpedo-MAZ Minsk from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002. Syarhey Herasimets plays for Belarus national football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1999.	Syarhey HerasimetsSyarhyey Ryhoravich Hyerasimets (; ; born 13 October 1965) is a Belarusian professional football coach and a former player.As a player, he made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League in 1984 for FC Dynamo Irpen. He is perhaps best known for scoring the only goal in a 1-0 win for Belarus over the Netherlands in a Euro 1996 qualifying match in 1995.His son is Ukrainian footballer Serhiy Herasymets, who as of 2017 plays for Ukrainian First League club MFC Mykolaiv.Dinamo MinskZenit Saint PetersburgŽalgiris KaunasIndividual	[ "FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg", "FBK Kaunas", "FC Zenit Saint Petersburg", "FC Torpedo-MAZ Minsk", "FC Baltika Kaliningrad", "FC Dinamo Minsk", "FC Dynamo Kyiv", "FC Shakhtar Donetsk", "FC Ros Bila Tserkva" ]
Which team did Syarhey Herasimets play for in May 23, 1995?	May 23, 1995	{ "text": [ "Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C.", "Belarus national football team" ] }	L2_Q4135991_P54_4	Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Shakhtar Donetsk from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1988. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Zenit Saint Petersburg from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999. Syarhey Herasimets plays for Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C. from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1996. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dinamo Minsk from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1993. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FBK Kaunas from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 1999. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2000. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Ros Bila Tserkva from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1986. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Baltika Kaliningrad from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dynamo Kyiv from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1984. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Torpedo-MAZ Minsk from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002. Syarhey Herasimets plays for Belarus national football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1999.	Syarhey HerasimetsSyarhyey Ryhoravich Hyerasimets (; ; born 13 October 1965) is a Belarusian professional football coach and a former player.As a player, he made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League in 1984 for FC Dynamo Irpen. He is perhaps best known for scoring the only goal in a 1-0 win for Belarus over the Netherlands in a Euro 1996 qualifying match in 1995.His son is Ukrainian footballer Serhiy Herasymets, who as of 2017 plays for Ukrainian First League club MFC Mykolaiv.Dinamo MinskZenit Saint PetersburgŽalgiris KaunasIndividual	[ "FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg", "FBK Kaunas", "FC Zenit Saint Petersburg", "FC Torpedo-MAZ Minsk", "FC Baltika Kaliningrad", "FC Dinamo Minsk", "FC Dynamo Kyiv", "FC Shakhtar Donetsk", "FC Ros Bila Tserkva" ]
Which team did Syarhey Herasimets play for in 05/23/1995?	May 23, 1995	{ "text": [ "Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C.", "Belarus national football team" ] }	L2_Q4135991_P54_4	Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Shakhtar Donetsk from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1988. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Zenit Saint Petersburg from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999. Syarhey Herasimets plays for Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C. from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1996. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dinamo Minsk from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1993. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FBK Kaunas from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 1999. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2000. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Ros Bila Tserkva from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1986. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Baltika Kaliningrad from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dynamo Kyiv from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1984. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Torpedo-MAZ Minsk from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002. Syarhey Herasimets plays for Belarus national football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1999.	Syarhey HerasimetsSyarhyey Ryhoravich Hyerasimets (; ; born 13 October 1965) is a Belarusian professional football coach and a former player.As a player, he made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League in 1984 for FC Dynamo Irpen. He is perhaps best known for scoring the only goal in a 1-0 win for Belarus over the Netherlands in a Euro 1996 qualifying match in 1995.His son is Ukrainian footballer Serhiy Herasymets, who as of 2017 plays for Ukrainian First League club MFC Mykolaiv.Dinamo MinskZenit Saint PetersburgŽalgiris KaunasIndividual	[ "FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg", "FBK Kaunas", "FC Zenit Saint Petersburg", "FC Torpedo-MAZ Minsk", "FC Baltika Kaliningrad", "FC Dinamo Minsk", "FC Dynamo Kyiv", "FC Shakhtar Donetsk", "FC Ros Bila Tserkva" ]
Which team did Syarhey Herasimets play for in 23-May-199523-May-1995?	May 23, 1995	{ "text": [ "Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C.", "Belarus national football team" ] }	L2_Q4135991_P54_4	Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Shakhtar Donetsk from Jan, 1986 to Jan, 1988. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Zenit Saint Petersburg from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999. Syarhey Herasimets plays for Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C. from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1996. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dinamo Minsk from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1993. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FBK Kaunas from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 1999. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg from Jan, 2000 to Jan, 2000. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Ros Bila Tserkva from Jan, 1984 to Jan, 1986. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Baltika Kaliningrad from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1997. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Dynamo Kyiv from Jan, 1983 to Jan, 1984. Syarhey Herasimets plays for FC Torpedo-MAZ Minsk from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002. Syarhey Herasimets plays for Belarus national football team from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1999.	Syarhey HerasimetsSyarhyey Ryhoravich Hyerasimets (; ; born 13 October 1965) is a Belarusian professional football coach and a former player.As a player, he made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League in 1984 for FC Dynamo Irpen. He is perhaps best known for scoring the only goal in a 1-0 win for Belarus over the Netherlands in a Euro 1996 qualifying match in 1995.His son is Ukrainian footballer Serhiy Herasymets, who as of 2017 plays for Ukrainian First League club MFC Mykolaiv.Dinamo MinskZenit Saint PetersburgŽalgiris KaunasIndividual	[ "FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg", "FBK Kaunas", "FC Zenit Saint Petersburg", "FC Torpedo-MAZ Minsk", "FC Baltika Kaliningrad", "FC Dinamo Minsk", "FC Dynamo Kyiv", "FC Shakhtar Donetsk", "FC Ros Bila Tserkva" ]
Which team did Hugo Pina play for in Jan, 2011?	January 01, 2011	{ "text": [ "S.C.U. Torreense", "Clube Oriental de Lisboa" ] }	L2_Q16734548_P54_5	Hugo Pina plays for C.D. Olivais e Moscavide from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Hugo Pina plays for Clube Oriental de Lisboa from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2011. Hugo Pina plays for S.C.U. Torreense from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012. Hugo Pina plays for A.D. Lousada from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2010. Hugo Pina plays for Atlético Clube de Portugal from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014. Hugo Pina plays for C.D. Mafra from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Hugo Pina plays for Club Deportivo Guadalajara from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Hugo Pina plays for G.D. Ribeirão from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. Hugo Pina plays for Córdoba CF from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006. Hugo Pina plays for U.D. Leiria from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.	Hugo PinaHugo Filipe Cabral Pina (born 16 February 1984) is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder.Born in Lisbon, Pina spent some time at Sporting CP's youth academy, making his senior debut with their reserves in the third division. He went on play professionally in the second tier of Portuguese football for C.D. Olivais e Moscavide and Atlético Clube de Portugal.Abroad, Pina represented Córdoba CF and CD Guadalajara in the Spanish Segunda División B.	[ "U.D. Leiria", "G.D. Ribeirão", "Córdoba CF", "Club Deportivo Guadalajara", "C.D. Olivais e Moscavide", "C.D. Mafra", "A.D. Lousada", "Atlético Clube de Portugal", "U.D. Leiria", "G.D. Ribeirão", "Córdoba CF", "Club Deportivo Guadalajara", "C.D. Olivais e Moscavide", "C.D. Mafra", "A.D. Lousada", "Atlético Clube de Portugal" ]
Which team did Hugo Pina play for in 2011-01-01?	January 01, 2011	{ "text": [ "S.C.U. Torreense", "Clube Oriental de Lisboa" ] }	L2_Q16734548_P54_5	Hugo Pina plays for C.D. Olivais e Moscavide from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Hugo Pina plays for Clube Oriental de Lisboa from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2011. Hugo Pina plays for S.C.U. Torreense from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012. Hugo Pina plays for A.D. Lousada from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2010. Hugo Pina plays for Atlético Clube de Portugal from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014. Hugo Pina plays for C.D. Mafra from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Hugo Pina plays for Club Deportivo Guadalajara from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Hugo Pina plays for G.D. Ribeirão from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. Hugo Pina plays for Córdoba CF from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006. Hugo Pina plays for U.D. Leiria from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.	Hugo PinaHugo Filipe Cabral Pina (born 16 February 1984) is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder.Born in Lisbon, Pina spent some time at Sporting CP's youth academy, making his senior debut with their reserves in the third division. He went on play professionally in the second tier of Portuguese football for C.D. Olivais e Moscavide and Atlético Clube de Portugal.Abroad, Pina represented Córdoba CF and CD Guadalajara in the Spanish Segunda División B.	[ "U.D. Leiria", "G.D. Ribeirão", "Córdoba CF", "Club Deportivo Guadalajara", "C.D. Olivais e Moscavide", "C.D. Mafra", "A.D. Lousada", "Atlético Clube de Portugal", "U.D. Leiria", "G.D. Ribeirão", "Córdoba CF", "Club Deportivo Guadalajara", "C.D. Olivais e Moscavide", "C.D. Mafra", "A.D. Lousada", "Atlético Clube de Portugal" ]
Which team did Hugo Pina play for in 01/01/2011?	January 01, 2011	{ "text": [ "S.C.U. Torreense", "Clube Oriental de Lisboa" ] }	L2_Q16734548_P54_5	Hugo Pina plays for C.D. Olivais e Moscavide from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Hugo Pina plays for Clube Oriental de Lisboa from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2011. Hugo Pina plays for S.C.U. Torreense from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012. Hugo Pina plays for A.D. Lousada from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2010. Hugo Pina plays for Atlético Clube de Portugal from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014. Hugo Pina plays for C.D. Mafra from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Hugo Pina plays for Club Deportivo Guadalajara from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Hugo Pina plays for G.D. Ribeirão from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. Hugo Pina plays for Córdoba CF from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006. Hugo Pina plays for U.D. Leiria from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.	Hugo PinaHugo Filipe Cabral Pina (born 16 February 1984) is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder.Born in Lisbon, Pina spent some time at Sporting CP's youth academy, making his senior debut with their reserves in the third division. He went on play professionally in the second tier of Portuguese football for C.D. Olivais e Moscavide and Atlético Clube de Portugal.Abroad, Pina represented Córdoba CF and CD Guadalajara in the Spanish Segunda División B.	[ "U.D. Leiria", "G.D. Ribeirão", "Córdoba CF", "Club Deportivo Guadalajara", "C.D. Olivais e Moscavide", "C.D. Mafra", "A.D. Lousada", "Atlético Clube de Portugal", "U.D. Leiria", "G.D. Ribeirão", "Córdoba CF", "Club Deportivo Guadalajara", "C.D. Olivais e Moscavide", "C.D. Mafra", "A.D. Lousada", "Atlético Clube de Portugal" ]
Which team did Hugo Pina play for in Jan 01, 2011?	January 01, 2011	{ "text": [ "S.C.U. Torreense", "Clube Oriental de Lisboa" ] }	L2_Q16734548_P54_5	Hugo Pina plays for C.D. Olivais e Moscavide from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Hugo Pina plays for Clube Oriental de Lisboa from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2011. Hugo Pina plays for S.C.U. Torreense from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012. Hugo Pina plays for A.D. Lousada from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2010. Hugo Pina plays for Atlético Clube de Portugal from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014. Hugo Pina plays for C.D. Mafra from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Hugo Pina plays for Club Deportivo Guadalajara from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Hugo Pina plays for G.D. Ribeirão from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. Hugo Pina plays for Córdoba CF from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006. Hugo Pina plays for U.D. Leiria from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.	Hugo PinaHugo Filipe Cabral Pina (born 16 February 1984) is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder.Born in Lisbon, Pina spent some time at Sporting CP's youth academy, making his senior debut with their reserves in the third division. He went on play professionally in the second tier of Portuguese football for C.D. Olivais e Moscavide and Atlético Clube de Portugal.Abroad, Pina represented Córdoba CF and CD Guadalajara in the Spanish Segunda División B.	[ "U.D. Leiria", "G.D. Ribeirão", "Córdoba CF", "Club Deportivo Guadalajara", "C.D. Olivais e Moscavide", "C.D. Mafra", "A.D. Lousada", "Atlético Clube de Portugal", "U.D. Leiria", "G.D. Ribeirão", "Córdoba CF", "Club Deportivo Guadalajara", "C.D. Olivais e Moscavide", "C.D. Mafra", "A.D. Lousada", "Atlético Clube de Portugal" ]
Which team did Hugo Pina play for in 01/01/2011?	January 01, 2011	{ "text": [ "S.C.U. Torreense", "Clube Oriental de Lisboa" ] }	L2_Q16734548_P54_5	Hugo Pina plays for C.D. Olivais e Moscavide from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Hugo Pina plays for Clube Oriental de Lisboa from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2011. Hugo Pina plays for S.C.U. Torreense from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012. Hugo Pina plays for A.D. Lousada from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2010. Hugo Pina plays for Atlético Clube de Portugal from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014. Hugo Pina plays for C.D. Mafra from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Hugo Pina plays for Club Deportivo Guadalajara from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Hugo Pina plays for G.D. Ribeirão from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. Hugo Pina plays for Córdoba CF from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006. Hugo Pina plays for U.D. Leiria from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.	Hugo PinaHugo Filipe Cabral Pina (born 16 February 1984) is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder.Born in Lisbon, Pina spent some time at Sporting CP's youth academy, making his senior debut with their reserves in the third division. He went on play professionally in the second tier of Portuguese football for C.D. Olivais e Moscavide and Atlético Clube de Portugal.Abroad, Pina represented Córdoba CF and CD Guadalajara in the Spanish Segunda División B.	[ "U.D. Leiria", "G.D. Ribeirão", "Córdoba CF", "Club Deportivo Guadalajara", "C.D. Olivais e Moscavide", "C.D. Mafra", "A.D. Lousada", "Atlético Clube de Portugal", "U.D. Leiria", "G.D. Ribeirão", "Córdoba CF", "Club Deportivo Guadalajara", "C.D. Olivais e Moscavide", "C.D. Mafra", "A.D. Lousada", "Atlético Clube de Portugal" ]
Which team did Hugo Pina play for in 01-Jan-201101-January-2011?	January 01, 2011	{ "text": [ "S.C.U. Torreense", "Clube Oriental de Lisboa" ] }	L2_Q16734548_P54_5	Hugo Pina plays for C.D. Olivais e Moscavide from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Hugo Pina plays for Clube Oriental de Lisboa from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2011. Hugo Pina plays for S.C.U. Torreense from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012. Hugo Pina plays for A.D. Lousada from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2010. Hugo Pina plays for Atlético Clube de Portugal from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014. Hugo Pina plays for C.D. Mafra from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Hugo Pina plays for Club Deportivo Guadalajara from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Hugo Pina plays for G.D. Ribeirão from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. Hugo Pina plays for Córdoba CF from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006. Hugo Pina plays for U.D. Leiria from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022.	Hugo PinaHugo Filipe Cabral Pina (born 16 February 1984) is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder.Born in Lisbon, Pina spent some time at Sporting CP's youth academy, making his senior debut with their reserves in the third division. He went on play professionally in the second tier of Portuguese football for C.D. Olivais e Moscavide and Atlético Clube de Portugal.Abroad, Pina represented Córdoba CF and CD Guadalajara in the Spanish Segunda División B.	[ "U.D. Leiria", "G.D. Ribeirão", "Córdoba CF", "Club Deportivo Guadalajara", "C.D. Olivais e Moscavide", "C.D. Mafra", "A.D. Lousada", "Atlético Clube de Portugal", "U.D. Leiria", "G.D. Ribeirão", "Córdoba CF", "Club Deportivo Guadalajara", "C.D. Olivais e Moscavide", "C.D. Mafra", "A.D. Lousada", "Atlético Clube de Portugal" ]
Who was the head of Isabela in Dec, 2005?	December 13, 2005	{ "text": [ "Grace Padaca" ] }	L2_Q13826_P6_4	Faustino Dy Jr. is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2001 to Jun, 2004. Faustino G. Dy III is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2010 to Jun, 2019. Rodolfo T. Albano III is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2019 to Dec, 2022. Grace Padaca is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2004 to Jun, 2010. Benjamin Dy is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 1992 to Jun, 2001. Faustino Dy is the head of the government of Isabela from Feb, 1988 to Jun, 1992. Silvestre Bello III is the head of the government of Isabela from Apr, 1986 to Feb, 1988.	Isabela (province)Isabela, officially the Province of Isabela (; ; ) is the second largest province in the Philippines in land area located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital and largest local government unit is the city of Ilagan. It is bordered by the provinces of Cagayan to the north, Kalinga to the northwest, Mountain Province to the central-west, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya to the southwest, Quirino and Aurora to the south, and the Philippine Sea to the east.This primarily agricultural province is the rice and corn granary of Luzon due to its plain and rolling terrain. In 2012, the province was declared as the country's top producer of corn with 1,209,524 metric tons. Isabela was also declared the second-largest rice producer in the Philippines and the Queen Province of the Philippines.Isabela is the 10th richest province in the Philippines as of 2020. The province has four trade centers in the cities of Ilagan, Cauayan, Santiago and the municipality of Roxas. One of Isabela's cities, Santiago City, is considered the fastest-growing local economy in the entire Philippines.The province was named after Isabella II, the first queen regnant of Spain. There have been proposals to change the name of the province into something that will better suit the indigenous roots of the country. However, such plans were rejected by the residents of Isabela.The province of Isabela used to be a vast rainforest where numerous indigenous ethnolinguistic groups lived. Many of the same ethnic groups still live in the province. Shell midden sites and other archaeological sites throughout the province constitute the material culture of those groups during the classical era.During the Spanish era, prior to 1856, the Cagayan Valley was divided into only two provinces: Cagayan and Nueva Vizcaya. The Province of Cagayan at that time consisted of all towns from Tumauini to Aparri in the north. All other towns from Ilagan southward to Aritao comprised the Province of the old Nueva Vizcaya. In order to facilitate the work of the Catholic missionaries in the evangelization of the Cagayan Valley, a royal decree was issued on May 1, 1856 creating the Province of Isabela consisting of the towns of Gamu, Old Angadanan (now Alicia), Bindang (now Roxas) and Camarag (now Echague), Carig (now Santiago City) and Palanan, all detached from the Province of Nueva Vizcaya; while Cabagan and Tumauini were taken from the Province of Cagayan.The province was placed under the jurisdiction of a governor with Ilagan as the capital, where it remains up to present. It was initially called "Isabela de Luzón" to differentiate from other places in the Philippines bearing the name of Isabela. The new province was named after Queen Isabella II of Spain.Although the province did not play a major role in the revolt against Spain, it is in Palanan that the final pages of the Philippine Revolution were written when United States troops, led by General Frederick Funston, finally captured General Emilio Aguinaldo in the area on March 23, 1901. Isabela was re-organized as a province under the American military government through "Act No. 210", passed August 24, 1901.The Americans built schools and other buildings and instituted changes in the overall political system. However, the province's economy remained particularly agricultural with rice replacing corn and tobacco as the dominant crop. World War II stagnated the province's economic growth but it recovered dramatically after the war. In 1942, Imperial Japanese occupied Isabela. In 1945, the liberation of Isabela commenced with the arrival of the Philippine Commonwealth troops under the Philippine Army, Constabulary, and USAFIP-NL units and recognized guerrillas attacked by the Japanese Imperial forces in World War II.A new wave of immigration began in the late 19th and 20th centuries with the arrival of the Ilokano who came in large numbers. They now constitute the largest group in the province. Other ethnic groups followed that made Isabela the "Melting Pot of the Northern Philippines".In 1975, construction began on the Magat Dam on the boundary of Ramon, Isabela with neighboring Ifugao Province, becoming a catchbasin for 8 rivers upstream in Ifugao and serving multiple functions, including: irrigating of agricultural lands; flood control; and power generation. The construction was protested by the Ifugao people due to the flooding of their ancestral lands, but the dam was eventually completed in 1982, partially funded through a loan from the World Bank.In 1995, "Republic Act 7891" was passed, legislating that Isabela be divided into two new provinces: Isabela del Norte and Isabela del Sur. A referendum was held on the same year with a slight majority voting against partitioning the province.In 2012, the capital town of Ilagan officially became a city, after the move gained 96% of the votes in the plebiscite conducted on August 11, 2012. The night after the plebiscite, Ilagan was declared as a component city of the province.Isabela comprises an aggregate land area of , representing almost 40 percent of the regional territory. It is the largest province in the island of Luzon and the second largest province in the Philippines by land area. Occupying the central section of the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon, Isabela is bordered by Cagayan to the north, Kalinga to the northwest, Mountain Province to the central-west, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya to the southwest, Quirino to the south, and Aurora to the south. To the east lies the Philippine Sea, making Isabela one of the typhoon-prone provinces in the country.The province is divided into three physiographic areas. The eastern area, straddled by the Sierra Madre mountain range, is rugged and thickly forested. A substantial portion is uncharted. These unexplored hinterlands are home to a rich variety of flora and fauna, and some are under government reservations. It is home to one of the world's largest remaining low-altitude rainforests, with numerous unknown endemic species of flora and fauna and biological diversity in the protected area known as the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park. Isabela has of Cagayan Valley’s of forest cover.The highest point of the province is located near the border with Cagayan. Mount Dos Cuernos peak has an elevation of located in San Pablo near the border with Maconacon. Other notable peaks in the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park is Mount Cresta in Divilacan with an elevation of .The western area is a fertile valley hemmed by the Central Cordillera. It is crisscrossed by the mighty Cagayan River, Siffu River, and Magat River.Mallig Plains Region is a region in the western section of the province. Its name was derived from the rolling terrains or kilometers of plain lands in western Isabela. The municipality of Roxas serves as the business center of the region. The Plains covers the municipalities of Quezon, Mallig, Quirino, Burgos, Aurora, San Manuel and Roxas.Isabela is politically subdivided into thirty four (34) municipalities, two component cities and one independent component city. The province is represented in the Philippine House of Representatives with six legislative districts.The province has ten first class municipalities, two second class cities and one first class independent component city. Ilagan City, which became a city thirteen years after its failed cityhood proposal in 1998, it is now Luzon’s largest and the country’s fourth biggest city after Davao City, Puerto Princesa and Zamboanga City by land area.The 34 municipalities and 3 cities of the province comprise 1,055 barangays, with "Rizal" in Santiago City as the most populous in 2010, and "Catalina" in Cauayan City as the least. If cities are excluded, "Bugallon Proper (Poblacion)" in Ramon has the highest population, and "Uauang-Tuliao" in Santo Tomas has the lowest.After Isabela was re-organized as a province under the American regime in 1901, its first provincial governor was Rafael Maramag, a former Municipal President and also the first Municipal President of the capital town Ilagan. He was succeeded by his brother, Gabriel. Afterwards, Isabela was ruled by the Dy family for 34 years (1969-2004). The dynasty was started by the patriarch of the family, Faustino N. Dy, Sr., who served as the Mayor of Cauayan from 1965 to 1969 and sat as the provincial governor of Isabela for 22 years (1969–1992).Around 1987,former mayor of Santiago,mayor Dodo Miranda plan to run governor of isabela but sadly he ambushed by unidentified gunman in reina mercedes.so that the reason santiago city is independent to isabela because of that incedent. He was succeeded by his son, Benjamin G. Dy, in the gubernatorial seat from 1992 to 2001. Another Dy took over the gubernatorial seat in 2001 when Faustino Dy Jr. won the 2001 elections after having served as the district representative of the 2nd Legislative District of the province from 1992 to 2001. It was only in the 2004 elections that the family's control of the gubernatorial seat ended when Grace Padaca won over Faustino Dy Jr. She was the first woman to serve as the governor of the province. After serving for six years (2004-2010), she was defeated in the 2010 National Elections by Faustino "Bojie" G. Dy III who served as governor of the province for three consecutive terms (2010-2019).On September 27, 2018, "Republic Act No. 11080", an act reapportioning the province of Isabela into six legislative districts from four, was signed into law and the reapportioned districts elected its representatives starting in the 2019 midterm elections. Accordingly, the new districts are as follows:The population of Isabela in the was people, making it the most populated province among the five provinces in Cagayan Valley (Region II). It had a density of .In 2010, Isabela had a population of 1,489,645 people: 46 percent of the 3.2 million people in the region at that time. At the national level, the province contributed 1.58 percent to the total population of 88.57 million. There were 254,928 households in the province in 2007.For all ages, the sex ratio in Isabela was about 105 with 660,627 males and 626,948 females in the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (Census 2000). There are more males than females below 50 years old.Ilocanos are the most prominent group in the province. Of the total household population, 68.71 percent classified themselves as Ilocanos, followed by the Ibanags (14.05 percent), and Tagalogs (10.02 percent). The majority ethnic group were the Ibanags, who were first seen by the Spanish explorers and converted to Christianity by missionaries, the reason why the Ibanag language had spread throughout the valley region prior to the arrival of the migrating Ilocanos. The remaining 7.22 percent are either Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, or from other ethnic groups who have assimilated into the Ibanag-Ilocano culture . More recently, a new group from the south, the Muslim Filipinos, have migrated to this province and have made a community for themselves. In addition to this, Tagalog-speaking peoples from Central Luzon (mostly from Nueva Ecija) and Southern Luzon have also settled in the area, as well as a few Pangasinans and Kapampangans from the Central Luzon.Major languages spoken are Ilocano followed by Ibanag, Yogad, and Gaddang. Ilocanos and Ibanags speak Ilocano with an Ibanag accent, as descendants of Ilocanos from first generation in Isabela who lived within Ibanag population learned Ibanag; same situation with Ilocano tinged by Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, and Itawis accents when descendants of Ilocanos from first generation in Isabela who lived within Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, and Itawis populations learned their languages. People especially in the capital and commercial centers speak and understand English and Tagalog. Tagalogs, Ilocanos, and Ibanags speak Tagalog with an Ibanag accent, as descendants of Tagalogs from first generation in Isabela who lived within Ibanag population learned Ibanag.Roman Catholicism is the predominant faith followed by about 80% of the people. Other religions practiced are Aglipayan, United Methodist Church and various Christian churches such as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Iglesia ni Cristo,and Protestant Churches Baptist, Seventh-day Adventist, other Charismatic Christians and Jehovah's Witnesses. There are also small number of Muslims.In terms of income classification, Isabela is rated as first-class province and considered among the richest and most progressive province in the Philippines and the most progressive in Region 02 courtesy of the three key cities strategically located in the province.Strategically located at the center of Cagayan Valley region, Isabela is acknowledged to have demonstrated strengths in business and industry. Thus, it has come to be known as the "Regional Trade and Industrial Center" of north-eastern Luzon.The province of Isabela is the richest in Cagayan Valley. It is also the Top 10 Richest Province in the Philippines last 2011.The cities of Cauayan, Ilagan, Santiago and the town of Roxas are the principal commercial centers of the province. Metro Manila-based malls and fast food chains have recently opened in these key trading hubs. To date, 192 banking branches operate in the province, with most of the universal and commercial banks providing automated teller machines for the convenience of their clients.Since the start of the 21st century, a growing number of foreign and local investors have selected Isabela as site of their business ventures. Heading the list are Isabela's top investors, namely: Mindanao Grains Processing Company, Inc., SN Aboitiz Power- Magat Inc., Universal Leaf Philippines, Coca-Cola FEMSA Philippines, Inc., San Miguel Corporation, RC Cola and Pepsi Cola.In the rice industry, substantial investments have been made by Valiant Rice Mills Corporation, Family Choice Grains Processing Center, Golden Season Grains Center, Herco Agro Industries, JDT Silver Grains Center, New Cauayan Goldyluck Grains and the La Suerte Rice Mill Corporation.Retail giants like SM Prime, Robinsons and Puregold Price Club, Inc. have set up shops like Savemore, Robinsons Supermarket and Puregold, respectively. In 2014, these retail companies opened its pioneer malls in the region, the SM City Cauayan and Robinsons Place Santiago.Land transportation operators Victory Liner, Five Star Bus Company, Dalin Liner, GV Florida Transport, EMC Transportation, Inc., Solid North Transit Inc., and Northern Luzon Bus Company (NELBUSCO) have terminals and depots in the province.Leading car, motorcycle and truck manufacturers such as Honda, Toyota, Mitsubishi Motors, Isuzu Motors, Kia Motors, Nissan, Ford, Chevrolet, Suzuki, Hyundai, Mazda, Foton, Peugeot, MAN SE, Yamaha and many other companies entered the province over the past years.Telecom firms Globe, PLDT/Smart and Digitel/ Sun Cellular operate cellular sites and fixed telephony facilities throughout Isabela.Big real estate developers like Vista Land and Lifescapes, Inc. entered the province with the opening of Camella Isabela, Camella Santiago, Camella Santiago Trails and Lessandra Santiago in Santiago City, and Camella Cauayan and Lumina Isabela in Cauayan City. Vista Malls is set to launch its first high end mall in Santiago City.Agriculture is the biggest industry in Isabela. As the country's top corn producing province, it contributes 21% of the annual national yellow corn production. Asia's largest post-harvest corn processing facility, the Mindanao Grains, is located in the town of Reina Mercedes.As second highest rice-growing province nationwide, Isabela produces 15% of the aggregate national rice production on an annual basis. Being a surplus producer of the Filipinos’ staple crop, the province's rice sufficiency rate is at 224%, which means that Isabelinos produce more than they consume and are in fact responsible for supplying the rice requirements of Metro Manila and many other provinces. The unprecedented increase in palay production of Isabela made the province the "Hybrid Rice Champion" of the Philippines.High-value agricultural crops grown in Isabela include monggo, tobacco, coffee, banana, and mango. Its livestock and poultry industries are also on the rise, especially dairy processing, hog production, cattle breeding, and commercial poultry raising.Farming is highly mechanized as most of the agricultural lands are irrigated. With the presence of the Isabela State University, joint ventures and other foreign assisted projects and the Magat Dam contribute to the high productivity in agriculture. It is also the hub of trade and commerce and other economic activities due to its central location in the region. The wood industry used to be a top earner for the province but due to the logging ban imposed in the Cagayan Valley Region, activities in this industry considerably declined. However, furniture making using narra wood and other indigenous forest materials continue to exist.Isabela is one of the most progressive provinces of the Philippines having been adjudged as the most outstanding province on food security in the "Gawad Sapat Ani Awards 2000". For corn production, Isabela ranks first among the top ten corn producing provinces for cy 2004, contributing 15.70% to national production. In 2013, the Department of Agriculture declared Isabela as the "Best Corn-Quality Awardee". Ilagan City was proclaimed as the "Corn Capital of the Philippines" for being the top corn producer among the 34 municipalities and 2 cities of the province as well as in the whole country.Forestland covers 54.37% or of Isabela's total land area of which 62% is protected forest and 38% is production forest. The best quality of timber resources in the Philippines are found in Isabela's forest. Isabela's vast forest resources are now being ecologically manage to effect sustainable forest-based resource not only for the wood working industry but to secure a balanced ecosystem. The woodwork industry continues to operate under a regulated system, particularly the making furniture using indigenous materials.Isabela has a fertile fishing ground on the Pacific Coast. The Magat Dam reservoir is utilized for fish cage operations for tilapia production for domestic markets. Another thriving industry in the province is aquaculture, sustained by inland fishing through 1,108 hectares of developed freshwater fishponds and 450 hectares of fish cage culture at Magat Dam Reservoir. Rich marine resources could be found in Isabela's coastal seaboard municipalities of Maconacon, Divilacan, Palanan, and Dinapigue.Large deposits of copper, gold, zinc and chromite, manganese and nickel have been found in Isabela. It also has extensive deposits of non-metallic minerals such as limestone, clay, marbles, guano, sand and gravel, and boulders. Indigenous energy sources such as natural gas and hydroelectric capabilities have been found to be abundant in the valley. Many of its mineral reserves have yet to be fully tapped.Solar and biomass power plants in the city of Cauayan and in the town of Alicia have started operating in 2015 to supplement the region's high energy demand. The online solar power plant in Cauayan City is capable of supplying at least 20 megawatts while the biomass power plant in Alicia can produce another 20 megawatts. Both systems provide clean and renewable energy. The P2 billion power facility established by the "Isabela Biomass Energy Corporation" (IBEC) was built to augment power supply in the Cagayan Valley region. The use of biomass as fuel makes the power plant carbon neutral and sustainable. This biomass power facility is the first in the region and is designed to provide economical source of energy as well as job opportunities to residents of the host town/city.On May 27, 2015, the service contract of the largest solar PV power plant in the country has been approved by the Department of Energy (DOE). The P7-billion worth 100 MW Solar PV project in the city of Ilagan is designed to reduce the current shortage in electricity that causes regular blackouts that results to industry closures as well as inconvenience to the consumers. The solar power facility will be constructed at a 100-hectare land at Barangay Cabannungan, several kilometers away from the city proper.Isabela is accessible by all means of transportation. Almost 180-kilometers of the Pan-Philippine Highway pass through the different towns and cities of the province. Several bus companies offer daily trips to different routes like Manila, Dagupan, Baguio and Ilocos vice versa. Public utility vans and small-time bus operators ply daily trips from Tuguegarao in Cagayan to Santiago City vice versa, while jeepneys and tricycles are commonly used as the basic mode of transportation within the province's jurisdiction.The construction of an 82-kilometer road through the protected Sierra Madre mountains is designed to open access to three coastal towns of the province. The approved budget contract of the project amounting to P1.5B, will pass through the foothills of the 359,486-hectare Northern Sierra Madre mountain ranges. The plan is to improve an old logging road used by a defunct logging company until the 1990s. It will start in Barangay Sindon Bayabo in capital city of Ilagan and will end in Barangay Dicatian in the coastal town of Divilacan. The project is set to be completed in 2021.Travel to the isolated coastal towns of Divilacan, Palanan and Maconacon is often made by boat or by plane only, making it difficult to reach the coastal towns in times of emergencies and calamities. There are no roads that links the capital city of Ilagan to the coastal areas, depriving residents of basic necessities and social services, such as health. Once completed, the road project is expected to boost the economies of the coastal areas, citing Divilacan's 119-hectares beach and freshwater areas that have lured tourists. The Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) issued Resolution No. 11, which reclassifies portions of the Sierra Madre as a special-use zone. The Agta and Dumagat in the area have also signed a memorandum of agreement with the provincial government, expressing their consent to the road project. At least 1,800 Agta and Dumagat have been staying in the park areas. But the impact of the road on the protected forest has alarmed residents who feared that the project may damage its forests and ecosystems. The project was delayed in the recent years due to concerns about the road's potential impact on the environment. The Cagayan Valley Regional Development Council required the project's proponents to study the full impact of the road on the area's biodiversity.There are five airports in the province. The Cauayan Airport is the primary airport in the province serving a trip to Manila, Palanan, and Maconacon. The other two are the Palanan Airport in Palanan and Maconacon Airport in Maconacon. The country's leading passenger airline Cebu Pacific services the Cauayan-Manila-Cauayan Route. Light planes operated by Cyclone Airways and WCC Aviation's Sky Pasada Have flights from Cauayan Domestic Airport to the community airports in Palanan and Maconacon. The province has two minor seaports, the Divilacan Port and Palanan Port in the coastal towns of Divilacan and Palanan. The trade going to the ports come primarily from major seaports in Cagayan such as Port of Aparri in Aparri, Cagayan, and Port of San Vicente and Port Irene, both in Santa Ana, Cagayan. The other two airstrips are found in Divilacan, and in Magat River Management Project Site.Isabela is one of the primary centers of education in the Cagayan Valley Region. There are several public and private educational institutions, the most notable being the Isabela State University, a government-owned and controlled public university. Its main campus is located in Echague and satellite campuses in Cauayan City, Ilagan City, Angadanan, Cabagan, Jones, Palanan (extension), Roxas, San Mariano, San Mateo and Santiago City (extension).Among the most notable higher educational institutions found in the province of Isabela are the following:Since the early 2000s, tourism has become an income-generating industry for Isabela. New hotels and resorts have opened, mostly in the cities of Ilagan, Cauayan and Santiago, and the towns of Tumauini, Gamu, Roxas, Alicia, Burgos, Ramon, San Mariano and Cordon. Top tourist attractions are the centuries-old churches; Magat Dam Tourism Complex, which houses Southeast Asia's biggest dam; Santa Victoria Caves, Pinzal Falls and Ilagan Sanctuary at Fuyot National Park; the white sand beaches in the coastal municipalities of Maconacon, Divilacan, Palanan, Dinapigue and islands of coastal Isabela; the world's biggest wooden lounge chair or "butaka" in Ilagan City; and various festival and fiestas, including the "Bambanti Festival" annually celebrated every February, and the commemoration of the birth of the province during Isabela Day every May.	[ "Rodolfo T. Albano III", "Silvestre Bello III", "Faustino G. Dy III", "Faustino Dy", "Benjamin Dy", "Faustino Dy Jr." ]
Who was the head of Isabela in 2005-12-13?	December 13, 2005	{ "text": [ "Grace Padaca" ] }	L2_Q13826_P6_4	Faustino Dy Jr. is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2001 to Jun, 2004. Faustino G. Dy III is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2010 to Jun, 2019. Rodolfo T. Albano III is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2019 to Dec, 2022. Grace Padaca is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2004 to Jun, 2010. Benjamin Dy is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 1992 to Jun, 2001. Faustino Dy is the head of the government of Isabela from Feb, 1988 to Jun, 1992. Silvestre Bello III is the head of the government of Isabela from Apr, 1986 to Feb, 1988.	Isabela (province)Isabela, officially the Province of Isabela (; ; ) is the second largest province in the Philippines in land area located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital and largest local government unit is the city of Ilagan. It is bordered by the provinces of Cagayan to the north, Kalinga to the northwest, Mountain Province to the central-west, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya to the southwest, Quirino and Aurora to the south, and the Philippine Sea to the east.This primarily agricultural province is the rice and corn granary of Luzon due to its plain and rolling terrain. In 2012, the province was declared as the country's top producer of corn with 1,209,524 metric tons. Isabela was also declared the second-largest rice producer in the Philippines and the Queen Province of the Philippines.Isabela is the 10th richest province in the Philippines as of 2020. The province has four trade centers in the cities of Ilagan, Cauayan, Santiago and the municipality of Roxas. One of Isabela's cities, Santiago City, is considered the fastest-growing local economy in the entire Philippines.The province was named after Isabella II, the first queen regnant of Spain. There have been proposals to change the name of the province into something that will better suit the indigenous roots of the country. However, such plans were rejected by the residents of Isabela.The province of Isabela used to be a vast rainforest where numerous indigenous ethnolinguistic groups lived. Many of the same ethnic groups still live in the province. Shell midden sites and other archaeological sites throughout the province constitute the material culture of those groups during the classical era.During the Spanish era, prior to 1856, the Cagayan Valley was divided into only two provinces: Cagayan and Nueva Vizcaya. The Province of Cagayan at that time consisted of all towns from Tumauini to Aparri in the north. All other towns from Ilagan southward to Aritao comprised the Province of the old Nueva Vizcaya. In order to facilitate the work of the Catholic missionaries in the evangelization of the Cagayan Valley, a royal decree was issued on May 1, 1856 creating the Province of Isabela consisting of the towns of Gamu, Old Angadanan (now Alicia), Bindang (now Roxas) and Camarag (now Echague), Carig (now Santiago City) and Palanan, all detached from the Province of Nueva Vizcaya; while Cabagan and Tumauini were taken from the Province of Cagayan.The province was placed under the jurisdiction of a governor with Ilagan as the capital, where it remains up to present. It was initially called "Isabela de Luzón" to differentiate from other places in the Philippines bearing the name of Isabela. The new province was named after Queen Isabella II of Spain.Although the province did not play a major role in the revolt against Spain, it is in Palanan that the final pages of the Philippine Revolution were written when United States troops, led by General Frederick Funston, finally captured General Emilio Aguinaldo in the area on March 23, 1901. Isabela was re-organized as a province under the American military government through "Act No. 210", passed August 24, 1901.The Americans built schools and other buildings and instituted changes in the overall political system. However, the province's economy remained particularly agricultural with rice replacing corn and tobacco as the dominant crop. World War II stagnated the province's economic growth but it recovered dramatically after the war. In 1942, Imperial Japanese occupied Isabela. In 1945, the liberation of Isabela commenced with the arrival of the Philippine Commonwealth troops under the Philippine Army, Constabulary, and USAFIP-NL units and recognized guerrillas attacked by the Japanese Imperial forces in World War II.A new wave of immigration began in the late 19th and 20th centuries with the arrival of the Ilokano who came in large numbers. They now constitute the largest group in the province. Other ethnic groups followed that made Isabela the "Melting Pot of the Northern Philippines".In 1975, construction began on the Magat Dam on the boundary of Ramon, Isabela with neighboring Ifugao Province, becoming a catchbasin for 8 rivers upstream in Ifugao and serving multiple functions, including: irrigating of agricultural lands; flood control; and power generation. The construction was protested by the Ifugao people due to the flooding of their ancestral lands, but the dam was eventually completed in 1982, partially funded through a loan from the World Bank.In 1995, "Republic Act 7891" was passed, legislating that Isabela be divided into two new provinces: Isabela del Norte and Isabela del Sur. A referendum was held on the same year with a slight majority voting against partitioning the province.In 2012, the capital town of Ilagan officially became a city, after the move gained 96% of the votes in the plebiscite conducted on August 11, 2012. The night after the plebiscite, Ilagan was declared as a component city of the province.Isabela comprises an aggregate land area of , representing almost 40 percent of the regional territory. It is the largest province in the island of Luzon and the second largest province in the Philippines by land area. Occupying the central section of the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon, Isabela is bordered by Cagayan to the north, Kalinga to the northwest, Mountain Province to the central-west, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya to the southwest, Quirino to the south, and Aurora to the south. To the east lies the Philippine Sea, making Isabela one of the typhoon-prone provinces in the country.The province is divided into three physiographic areas. The eastern area, straddled by the Sierra Madre mountain range, is rugged and thickly forested. A substantial portion is uncharted. These unexplored hinterlands are home to a rich variety of flora and fauna, and some are under government reservations. It is home to one of the world's largest remaining low-altitude rainforests, with numerous unknown endemic species of flora and fauna and biological diversity in the protected area known as the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park. Isabela has of Cagayan Valley’s of forest cover.The highest point of the province is located near the border with Cagayan. Mount Dos Cuernos peak has an elevation of located in San Pablo near the border with Maconacon. Other notable peaks in the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park is Mount Cresta in Divilacan with an elevation of .The western area is a fertile valley hemmed by the Central Cordillera. It is crisscrossed by the mighty Cagayan River, Siffu River, and Magat River.Mallig Plains Region is a region in the western section of the province. Its name was derived from the rolling terrains or kilometers of plain lands in western Isabela. The municipality of Roxas serves as the business center of the region. The Plains covers the municipalities of Quezon, Mallig, Quirino, Burgos, Aurora, San Manuel and Roxas.Isabela is politically subdivided into thirty four (34) municipalities, two component cities and one independent component city. The province is represented in the Philippine House of Representatives with six legislative districts.The province has ten first class municipalities, two second class cities and one first class independent component city. Ilagan City, which became a city thirteen years after its failed cityhood proposal in 1998, it is now Luzon’s largest and the country’s fourth biggest city after Davao City, Puerto Princesa and Zamboanga City by land area.The 34 municipalities and 3 cities of the province comprise 1,055 barangays, with "Rizal" in Santiago City as the most populous in 2010, and "Catalina" in Cauayan City as the least. If cities are excluded, "Bugallon Proper (Poblacion)" in Ramon has the highest population, and "Uauang-Tuliao" in Santo Tomas has the lowest.After Isabela was re-organized as a province under the American regime in 1901, its first provincial governor was Rafael Maramag, a former Municipal President and also the first Municipal President of the capital town Ilagan. He was succeeded by his brother, Gabriel. Afterwards, Isabela was ruled by the Dy family for 34 years (1969-2004). The dynasty was started by the patriarch of the family, Faustino N. Dy, Sr., who served as the Mayor of Cauayan from 1965 to 1969 and sat as the provincial governor of Isabela for 22 years (1969–1992).Around 1987,former mayor of Santiago,mayor Dodo Miranda plan to run governor of isabela but sadly he ambushed by unidentified gunman in reina mercedes.so that the reason santiago city is independent to isabela because of that incedent. He was succeeded by his son, Benjamin G. Dy, in the gubernatorial seat from 1992 to 2001. Another Dy took over the gubernatorial seat in 2001 when Faustino Dy Jr. won the 2001 elections after having served as the district representative of the 2nd Legislative District of the province from 1992 to 2001. It was only in the 2004 elections that the family's control of the gubernatorial seat ended when Grace Padaca won over Faustino Dy Jr. She was the first woman to serve as the governor of the province. After serving for six years (2004-2010), she was defeated in the 2010 National Elections by Faustino "Bojie" G. Dy III who served as governor of the province for three consecutive terms (2010-2019).On September 27, 2018, "Republic Act No. 11080", an act reapportioning the province of Isabela into six legislative districts from four, was signed into law and the reapportioned districts elected its representatives starting in the 2019 midterm elections. Accordingly, the new districts are as follows:The population of Isabela in the was people, making it the most populated province among the five provinces in Cagayan Valley (Region II). It had a density of .In 2010, Isabela had a population of 1,489,645 people: 46 percent of the 3.2 million people in the region at that time. At the national level, the province contributed 1.58 percent to the total population of 88.57 million. There were 254,928 households in the province in 2007.For all ages, the sex ratio in Isabela was about 105 with 660,627 males and 626,948 females in the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (Census 2000). There are more males than females below 50 years old.Ilocanos are the most prominent group in the province. Of the total household population, 68.71 percent classified themselves as Ilocanos, followed by the Ibanags (14.05 percent), and Tagalogs (10.02 percent). The majority ethnic group were the Ibanags, who were first seen by the Spanish explorers and converted to Christianity by missionaries, the reason why the Ibanag language had spread throughout the valley region prior to the arrival of the migrating Ilocanos. The remaining 7.22 percent are either Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, or from other ethnic groups who have assimilated into the Ibanag-Ilocano culture . More recently, a new group from the south, the Muslim Filipinos, have migrated to this province and have made a community for themselves. In addition to this, Tagalog-speaking peoples from Central Luzon (mostly from Nueva Ecija) and Southern Luzon have also settled in the area, as well as a few Pangasinans and Kapampangans from the Central Luzon.Major languages spoken are Ilocano followed by Ibanag, Yogad, and Gaddang. Ilocanos and Ibanags speak Ilocano with an Ibanag accent, as descendants of Ilocanos from first generation in Isabela who lived within Ibanag population learned Ibanag; same situation with Ilocano tinged by Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, and Itawis accents when descendants of Ilocanos from first generation in Isabela who lived within Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, and Itawis populations learned their languages. People especially in the capital and commercial centers speak and understand English and Tagalog. Tagalogs, Ilocanos, and Ibanags speak Tagalog with an Ibanag accent, as descendants of Tagalogs from first generation in Isabela who lived within Ibanag population learned Ibanag.Roman Catholicism is the predominant faith followed by about 80% of the people. Other religions practiced are Aglipayan, United Methodist Church and various Christian churches such as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Iglesia ni Cristo,and Protestant Churches Baptist, Seventh-day Adventist, other Charismatic Christians and Jehovah's Witnesses. There are also small number of Muslims.In terms of income classification, Isabela is rated as first-class province and considered among the richest and most progressive province in the Philippines and the most progressive in Region 02 courtesy of the three key cities strategically located in the province.Strategically located at the center of Cagayan Valley region, Isabela is acknowledged to have demonstrated strengths in business and industry. Thus, it has come to be known as the "Regional Trade and Industrial Center" of north-eastern Luzon.The province of Isabela is the richest in Cagayan Valley. It is also the Top 10 Richest Province in the Philippines last 2011.The cities of Cauayan, Ilagan, Santiago and the town of Roxas are the principal commercial centers of the province. Metro Manila-based malls and fast food chains have recently opened in these key trading hubs. To date, 192 banking branches operate in the province, with most of the universal and commercial banks providing automated teller machines for the convenience of their clients.Since the start of the 21st century, a growing number of foreign and local investors have selected Isabela as site of their business ventures. Heading the list are Isabela's top investors, namely: Mindanao Grains Processing Company, Inc., SN Aboitiz Power- Magat Inc., Universal Leaf Philippines, Coca-Cola FEMSA Philippines, Inc., San Miguel Corporation, RC Cola and Pepsi Cola.In the rice industry, substantial investments have been made by Valiant Rice Mills Corporation, Family Choice Grains Processing Center, Golden Season Grains Center, Herco Agro Industries, JDT Silver Grains Center, New Cauayan Goldyluck Grains and the La Suerte Rice Mill Corporation.Retail giants like SM Prime, Robinsons and Puregold Price Club, Inc. have set up shops like Savemore, Robinsons Supermarket and Puregold, respectively. In 2014, these retail companies opened its pioneer malls in the region, the SM City Cauayan and Robinsons Place Santiago.Land transportation operators Victory Liner, Five Star Bus Company, Dalin Liner, GV Florida Transport, EMC Transportation, Inc., Solid North Transit Inc., and Northern Luzon Bus Company (NELBUSCO) have terminals and depots in the province.Leading car, motorcycle and truck manufacturers such as Honda, Toyota, Mitsubishi Motors, Isuzu Motors, Kia Motors, Nissan, Ford, Chevrolet, Suzuki, Hyundai, Mazda, Foton, Peugeot, MAN SE, Yamaha and many other companies entered the province over the past years.Telecom firms Globe, PLDT/Smart and Digitel/ Sun Cellular operate cellular sites and fixed telephony facilities throughout Isabela.Big real estate developers like Vista Land and Lifescapes, Inc. entered the province with the opening of Camella Isabela, Camella Santiago, Camella Santiago Trails and Lessandra Santiago in Santiago City, and Camella Cauayan and Lumina Isabela in Cauayan City. Vista Malls is set to launch its first high end mall in Santiago City.Agriculture is the biggest industry in Isabela. As the country's top corn producing province, it contributes 21% of the annual national yellow corn production. Asia's largest post-harvest corn processing facility, the Mindanao Grains, is located in the town of Reina Mercedes.As second highest rice-growing province nationwide, Isabela produces 15% of the aggregate national rice production on an annual basis. Being a surplus producer of the Filipinos’ staple crop, the province's rice sufficiency rate is at 224%, which means that Isabelinos produce more than they consume and are in fact responsible for supplying the rice requirements of Metro Manila and many other provinces. The unprecedented increase in palay production of Isabela made the province the "Hybrid Rice Champion" of the Philippines.High-value agricultural crops grown in Isabela include monggo, tobacco, coffee, banana, and mango. Its livestock and poultry industries are also on the rise, especially dairy processing, hog production, cattle breeding, and commercial poultry raising.Farming is highly mechanized as most of the agricultural lands are irrigated. With the presence of the Isabela State University, joint ventures and other foreign assisted projects and the Magat Dam contribute to the high productivity in agriculture. It is also the hub of trade and commerce and other economic activities due to its central location in the region. The wood industry used to be a top earner for the province but due to the logging ban imposed in the Cagayan Valley Region, activities in this industry considerably declined. However, furniture making using narra wood and other indigenous forest materials continue to exist.Isabela is one of the most progressive provinces of the Philippines having been adjudged as the most outstanding province on food security in the "Gawad Sapat Ani Awards 2000". For corn production, Isabela ranks first among the top ten corn producing provinces for cy 2004, contributing 15.70% to national production. In 2013, the Department of Agriculture declared Isabela as the "Best Corn-Quality Awardee". Ilagan City was proclaimed as the "Corn Capital of the Philippines" for being the top corn producer among the 34 municipalities and 2 cities of the province as well as in the whole country.Forestland covers 54.37% or of Isabela's total land area of which 62% is protected forest and 38% is production forest. The best quality of timber resources in the Philippines are found in Isabela's forest. Isabela's vast forest resources are now being ecologically manage to effect sustainable forest-based resource not only for the wood working industry but to secure a balanced ecosystem. The woodwork industry continues to operate under a regulated system, particularly the making furniture using indigenous materials.Isabela has a fertile fishing ground on the Pacific Coast. The Magat Dam reservoir is utilized for fish cage operations for tilapia production for domestic markets. Another thriving industry in the province is aquaculture, sustained by inland fishing through 1,108 hectares of developed freshwater fishponds and 450 hectares of fish cage culture at Magat Dam Reservoir. Rich marine resources could be found in Isabela's coastal seaboard municipalities of Maconacon, Divilacan, Palanan, and Dinapigue.Large deposits of copper, gold, zinc and chromite, manganese and nickel have been found in Isabela. It also has extensive deposits of non-metallic minerals such as limestone, clay, marbles, guano, sand and gravel, and boulders. Indigenous energy sources such as natural gas and hydroelectric capabilities have been found to be abundant in the valley. Many of its mineral reserves have yet to be fully tapped.Solar and biomass power plants in the city of Cauayan and in the town of Alicia have started operating in 2015 to supplement the region's high energy demand. The online solar power plant in Cauayan City is capable of supplying at least 20 megawatts while the biomass power plant in Alicia can produce another 20 megawatts. Both systems provide clean and renewable energy. The P2 billion power facility established by the "Isabela Biomass Energy Corporation" (IBEC) was built to augment power supply in the Cagayan Valley region. The use of biomass as fuel makes the power plant carbon neutral and sustainable. This biomass power facility is the first in the region and is designed to provide economical source of energy as well as job opportunities to residents of the host town/city.On May 27, 2015, the service contract of the largest solar PV power plant in the country has been approved by the Department of Energy (DOE). The P7-billion worth 100 MW Solar PV project in the city of Ilagan is designed to reduce the current shortage in electricity that causes regular blackouts that results to industry closures as well as inconvenience to the consumers. The solar power facility will be constructed at a 100-hectare land at Barangay Cabannungan, several kilometers away from the city proper.Isabela is accessible by all means of transportation. Almost 180-kilometers of the Pan-Philippine Highway pass through the different towns and cities of the province. Several bus companies offer daily trips to different routes like Manila, Dagupan, Baguio and Ilocos vice versa. Public utility vans and small-time bus operators ply daily trips from Tuguegarao in Cagayan to Santiago City vice versa, while jeepneys and tricycles are commonly used as the basic mode of transportation within the province's jurisdiction.The construction of an 82-kilometer road through the protected Sierra Madre mountains is designed to open access to three coastal towns of the province. The approved budget contract of the project amounting to P1.5B, will pass through the foothills of the 359,486-hectare Northern Sierra Madre mountain ranges. The plan is to improve an old logging road used by a defunct logging company until the 1990s. It will start in Barangay Sindon Bayabo in capital city of Ilagan and will end in Barangay Dicatian in the coastal town of Divilacan. The project is set to be completed in 2021.Travel to the isolated coastal towns of Divilacan, Palanan and Maconacon is often made by boat or by plane only, making it difficult to reach the coastal towns in times of emergencies and calamities. There are no roads that links the capital city of Ilagan to the coastal areas, depriving residents of basic necessities and social services, such as health. Once completed, the road project is expected to boost the economies of the coastal areas, citing Divilacan's 119-hectares beach and freshwater areas that have lured tourists. The Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) issued Resolution No. 11, which reclassifies portions of the Sierra Madre as a special-use zone. The Agta and Dumagat in the area have also signed a memorandum of agreement with the provincial government, expressing their consent to the road project. At least 1,800 Agta and Dumagat have been staying in the park areas. But the impact of the road on the protected forest has alarmed residents who feared that the project may damage its forests and ecosystems. The project was delayed in the recent years due to concerns about the road's potential impact on the environment. The Cagayan Valley Regional Development Council required the project's proponents to study the full impact of the road on the area's biodiversity.There are five airports in the province. The Cauayan Airport is the primary airport in the province serving a trip to Manila, Palanan, and Maconacon. The other two are the Palanan Airport in Palanan and Maconacon Airport in Maconacon. The country's leading passenger airline Cebu Pacific services the Cauayan-Manila-Cauayan Route. Light planes operated by Cyclone Airways and WCC Aviation's Sky Pasada Have flights from Cauayan Domestic Airport to the community airports in Palanan and Maconacon. The province has two minor seaports, the Divilacan Port and Palanan Port in the coastal towns of Divilacan and Palanan. The trade going to the ports come primarily from major seaports in Cagayan such as Port of Aparri in Aparri, Cagayan, and Port of San Vicente and Port Irene, both in Santa Ana, Cagayan. The other two airstrips are found in Divilacan, and in Magat River Management Project Site.Isabela is one of the primary centers of education in the Cagayan Valley Region. There are several public and private educational institutions, the most notable being the Isabela State University, a government-owned and controlled public university. Its main campus is located in Echague and satellite campuses in Cauayan City, Ilagan City, Angadanan, Cabagan, Jones, Palanan (extension), Roxas, San Mariano, San Mateo and Santiago City (extension).Among the most notable higher educational institutions found in the province of Isabela are the following:Since the early 2000s, tourism has become an income-generating industry for Isabela. New hotels and resorts have opened, mostly in the cities of Ilagan, Cauayan and Santiago, and the towns of Tumauini, Gamu, Roxas, Alicia, Burgos, Ramon, San Mariano and Cordon. Top tourist attractions are the centuries-old churches; Magat Dam Tourism Complex, which houses Southeast Asia's biggest dam; Santa Victoria Caves, Pinzal Falls and Ilagan Sanctuary at Fuyot National Park; the white sand beaches in the coastal municipalities of Maconacon, Divilacan, Palanan, Dinapigue and islands of coastal Isabela; the world's biggest wooden lounge chair or "butaka" in Ilagan City; and various festival and fiestas, including the "Bambanti Festival" annually celebrated every February, and the commemoration of the birth of the province during Isabela Day every May.	[ "Rodolfo T. Albano III", "Silvestre Bello III", "Faustino G. Dy III", "Faustino Dy", "Benjamin Dy", "Faustino Dy Jr." ]
Who was the head of Isabela in 13/12/2005?	December 13, 2005	{ "text": [ "Grace Padaca" ] }	L2_Q13826_P6_4	Faustino Dy Jr. is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2001 to Jun, 2004. Faustino G. Dy III is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2010 to Jun, 2019. Rodolfo T. Albano III is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2019 to Dec, 2022. Grace Padaca is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2004 to Jun, 2010. Benjamin Dy is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 1992 to Jun, 2001. Faustino Dy is the head of the government of Isabela from Feb, 1988 to Jun, 1992. Silvestre Bello III is the head of the government of Isabela from Apr, 1986 to Feb, 1988.	Isabela (province)Isabela, officially the Province of Isabela (; ; ) is the second largest province in the Philippines in land area located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital and largest local government unit is the city of Ilagan. It is bordered by the provinces of Cagayan to the north, Kalinga to the northwest, Mountain Province to the central-west, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya to the southwest, Quirino and Aurora to the south, and the Philippine Sea to the east.This primarily agricultural province is the rice and corn granary of Luzon due to its plain and rolling terrain. In 2012, the province was declared as the country's top producer of corn with 1,209,524 metric tons. Isabela was also declared the second-largest rice producer in the Philippines and the Queen Province of the Philippines.Isabela is the 10th richest province in the Philippines as of 2020. The province has four trade centers in the cities of Ilagan, Cauayan, Santiago and the municipality of Roxas. One of Isabela's cities, Santiago City, is considered the fastest-growing local economy in the entire Philippines.The province was named after Isabella II, the first queen regnant of Spain. There have been proposals to change the name of the province into something that will better suit the indigenous roots of the country. However, such plans were rejected by the residents of Isabela.The province of Isabela used to be a vast rainforest where numerous indigenous ethnolinguistic groups lived. Many of the same ethnic groups still live in the province. Shell midden sites and other archaeological sites throughout the province constitute the material culture of those groups during the classical era.During the Spanish era, prior to 1856, the Cagayan Valley was divided into only two provinces: Cagayan and Nueva Vizcaya. The Province of Cagayan at that time consisted of all towns from Tumauini to Aparri in the north. All other towns from Ilagan southward to Aritao comprised the Province of the old Nueva Vizcaya. In order to facilitate the work of the Catholic missionaries in the evangelization of the Cagayan Valley, a royal decree was issued on May 1, 1856 creating the Province of Isabela consisting of the towns of Gamu, Old Angadanan (now Alicia), Bindang (now Roxas) and Camarag (now Echague), Carig (now Santiago City) and Palanan, all detached from the Province of Nueva Vizcaya; while Cabagan and Tumauini were taken from the Province of Cagayan.The province was placed under the jurisdiction of a governor with Ilagan as the capital, where it remains up to present. It was initially called "Isabela de Luzón" to differentiate from other places in the Philippines bearing the name of Isabela. The new province was named after Queen Isabella II of Spain.Although the province did not play a major role in the revolt against Spain, it is in Palanan that the final pages of the Philippine Revolution were written when United States troops, led by General Frederick Funston, finally captured General Emilio Aguinaldo in the area on March 23, 1901. Isabela was re-organized as a province under the American military government through "Act No. 210", passed August 24, 1901.The Americans built schools and other buildings and instituted changes in the overall political system. However, the province's economy remained particularly agricultural with rice replacing corn and tobacco as the dominant crop. World War II stagnated the province's economic growth but it recovered dramatically after the war. In 1942, Imperial Japanese occupied Isabela. In 1945, the liberation of Isabela commenced with the arrival of the Philippine Commonwealth troops under the Philippine Army, Constabulary, and USAFIP-NL units and recognized guerrillas attacked by the Japanese Imperial forces in World War II.A new wave of immigration began in the late 19th and 20th centuries with the arrival of the Ilokano who came in large numbers. They now constitute the largest group in the province. Other ethnic groups followed that made Isabela the "Melting Pot of the Northern Philippines".In 1975, construction began on the Magat Dam on the boundary of Ramon, Isabela with neighboring Ifugao Province, becoming a catchbasin for 8 rivers upstream in Ifugao and serving multiple functions, including: irrigating of agricultural lands; flood control; and power generation. The construction was protested by the Ifugao people due to the flooding of their ancestral lands, but the dam was eventually completed in 1982, partially funded through a loan from the World Bank.In 1995, "Republic Act 7891" was passed, legislating that Isabela be divided into two new provinces: Isabela del Norte and Isabela del Sur. A referendum was held on the same year with a slight majority voting against partitioning the province.In 2012, the capital town of Ilagan officially became a city, after the move gained 96% of the votes in the plebiscite conducted on August 11, 2012. The night after the plebiscite, Ilagan was declared as a component city of the province.Isabela comprises an aggregate land area of , representing almost 40 percent of the regional territory. It is the largest province in the island of Luzon and the second largest province in the Philippines by land area. Occupying the central section of the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon, Isabela is bordered by Cagayan to the north, Kalinga to the northwest, Mountain Province to the central-west, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya to the southwest, Quirino to the south, and Aurora to the south. To the east lies the Philippine Sea, making Isabela one of the typhoon-prone provinces in the country.The province is divided into three physiographic areas. The eastern area, straddled by the Sierra Madre mountain range, is rugged and thickly forested. A substantial portion is uncharted. These unexplored hinterlands are home to a rich variety of flora and fauna, and some are under government reservations. It is home to one of the world's largest remaining low-altitude rainforests, with numerous unknown endemic species of flora and fauna and biological diversity in the protected area known as the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park. Isabela has of Cagayan Valley’s of forest cover.The highest point of the province is located near the border with Cagayan. Mount Dos Cuernos peak has an elevation of located in San Pablo near the border with Maconacon. Other notable peaks in the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park is Mount Cresta in Divilacan with an elevation of .The western area is a fertile valley hemmed by the Central Cordillera. It is crisscrossed by the mighty Cagayan River, Siffu River, and Magat River.Mallig Plains Region is a region in the western section of the province. Its name was derived from the rolling terrains or kilometers of plain lands in western Isabela. The municipality of Roxas serves as the business center of the region. The Plains covers the municipalities of Quezon, Mallig, Quirino, Burgos, Aurora, San Manuel and Roxas.Isabela is politically subdivided into thirty four (34) municipalities, two component cities and one independent component city. The province is represented in the Philippine House of Representatives with six legislative districts.The province has ten first class municipalities, two second class cities and one first class independent component city. Ilagan City, which became a city thirteen years after its failed cityhood proposal in 1998, it is now Luzon’s largest and the country’s fourth biggest city after Davao City, Puerto Princesa and Zamboanga City by land area.The 34 municipalities and 3 cities of the province comprise 1,055 barangays, with "Rizal" in Santiago City as the most populous in 2010, and "Catalina" in Cauayan City as the least. If cities are excluded, "Bugallon Proper (Poblacion)" in Ramon has the highest population, and "Uauang-Tuliao" in Santo Tomas has the lowest.After Isabela was re-organized as a province under the American regime in 1901, its first provincial governor was Rafael Maramag, a former Municipal President and also the first Municipal President of the capital town Ilagan. He was succeeded by his brother, Gabriel. Afterwards, Isabela was ruled by the Dy family for 34 years (1969-2004). The dynasty was started by the patriarch of the family, Faustino N. Dy, Sr., who served as the Mayor of Cauayan from 1965 to 1969 and sat as the provincial governor of Isabela for 22 years (1969–1992).Around 1987,former mayor of Santiago,mayor Dodo Miranda plan to run governor of isabela but sadly he ambushed by unidentified gunman in reina mercedes.so that the reason santiago city is independent to isabela because of that incedent. He was succeeded by his son, Benjamin G. Dy, in the gubernatorial seat from 1992 to 2001. Another Dy took over the gubernatorial seat in 2001 when Faustino Dy Jr. won the 2001 elections after having served as the district representative of the 2nd Legislative District of the province from 1992 to 2001. It was only in the 2004 elections that the family's control of the gubernatorial seat ended when Grace Padaca won over Faustino Dy Jr. She was the first woman to serve as the governor of the province. After serving for six years (2004-2010), she was defeated in the 2010 National Elections by Faustino "Bojie" G. Dy III who served as governor of the province for three consecutive terms (2010-2019).On September 27, 2018, "Republic Act No. 11080", an act reapportioning the province of Isabela into six legislative districts from four, was signed into law and the reapportioned districts elected its representatives starting in the 2019 midterm elections. Accordingly, the new districts are as follows:The population of Isabela in the was people, making it the most populated province among the five provinces in Cagayan Valley (Region II). It had a density of .In 2010, Isabela had a population of 1,489,645 people: 46 percent of the 3.2 million people in the region at that time. At the national level, the province contributed 1.58 percent to the total population of 88.57 million. There were 254,928 households in the province in 2007.For all ages, the sex ratio in Isabela was about 105 with 660,627 males and 626,948 females in the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (Census 2000). There are more males than females below 50 years old.Ilocanos are the most prominent group in the province. Of the total household population, 68.71 percent classified themselves as Ilocanos, followed by the Ibanags (14.05 percent), and Tagalogs (10.02 percent). The majority ethnic group were the Ibanags, who were first seen by the Spanish explorers and converted to Christianity by missionaries, the reason why the Ibanag language had spread throughout the valley region prior to the arrival of the migrating Ilocanos. The remaining 7.22 percent are either Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, or from other ethnic groups who have assimilated into the Ibanag-Ilocano culture . More recently, a new group from the south, the Muslim Filipinos, have migrated to this province and have made a community for themselves. In addition to this, Tagalog-speaking peoples from Central Luzon (mostly from Nueva Ecija) and Southern Luzon have also settled in the area, as well as a few Pangasinans and Kapampangans from the Central Luzon.Major languages spoken are Ilocano followed by Ibanag, Yogad, and Gaddang. Ilocanos and Ibanags speak Ilocano with an Ibanag accent, as descendants of Ilocanos from first generation in Isabela who lived within Ibanag population learned Ibanag; same situation with Ilocano tinged by Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, and Itawis accents when descendants of Ilocanos from first generation in Isabela who lived within Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, and Itawis populations learned their languages. People especially in the capital and commercial centers speak and understand English and Tagalog. Tagalogs, Ilocanos, and Ibanags speak Tagalog with an Ibanag accent, as descendants of Tagalogs from first generation in Isabela who lived within Ibanag population learned Ibanag.Roman Catholicism is the predominant faith followed by about 80% of the people. Other religions practiced are Aglipayan, United Methodist Church and various Christian churches such as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Iglesia ni Cristo,and Protestant Churches Baptist, Seventh-day Adventist, other Charismatic Christians and Jehovah's Witnesses. There are also small number of Muslims.In terms of income classification, Isabela is rated as first-class province and considered among the richest and most progressive province in the Philippines and the most progressive in Region 02 courtesy of the three key cities strategically located in the province.Strategically located at the center of Cagayan Valley region, Isabela is acknowledged to have demonstrated strengths in business and industry. Thus, it has come to be known as the "Regional Trade and Industrial Center" of north-eastern Luzon.The province of Isabela is the richest in Cagayan Valley. It is also the Top 10 Richest Province in the Philippines last 2011.The cities of Cauayan, Ilagan, Santiago and the town of Roxas are the principal commercial centers of the province. Metro Manila-based malls and fast food chains have recently opened in these key trading hubs. To date, 192 banking branches operate in the province, with most of the universal and commercial banks providing automated teller machines for the convenience of their clients.Since the start of the 21st century, a growing number of foreign and local investors have selected Isabela as site of their business ventures. Heading the list are Isabela's top investors, namely: Mindanao Grains Processing Company, Inc., SN Aboitiz Power- Magat Inc., Universal Leaf Philippines, Coca-Cola FEMSA Philippines, Inc., San Miguel Corporation, RC Cola and Pepsi Cola.In the rice industry, substantial investments have been made by Valiant Rice Mills Corporation, Family Choice Grains Processing Center, Golden Season Grains Center, Herco Agro Industries, JDT Silver Grains Center, New Cauayan Goldyluck Grains and the La Suerte Rice Mill Corporation.Retail giants like SM Prime, Robinsons and Puregold Price Club, Inc. have set up shops like Savemore, Robinsons Supermarket and Puregold, respectively. In 2014, these retail companies opened its pioneer malls in the region, the SM City Cauayan and Robinsons Place Santiago.Land transportation operators Victory Liner, Five Star Bus Company, Dalin Liner, GV Florida Transport, EMC Transportation, Inc., Solid North Transit Inc., and Northern Luzon Bus Company (NELBUSCO) have terminals and depots in the province.Leading car, motorcycle and truck manufacturers such as Honda, Toyota, Mitsubishi Motors, Isuzu Motors, Kia Motors, Nissan, Ford, Chevrolet, Suzuki, Hyundai, Mazda, Foton, Peugeot, MAN SE, Yamaha and many other companies entered the province over the past years.Telecom firms Globe, PLDT/Smart and Digitel/ Sun Cellular operate cellular sites and fixed telephony facilities throughout Isabela.Big real estate developers like Vista Land and Lifescapes, Inc. entered the province with the opening of Camella Isabela, Camella Santiago, Camella Santiago Trails and Lessandra Santiago in Santiago City, and Camella Cauayan and Lumina Isabela in Cauayan City. Vista Malls is set to launch its first high end mall in Santiago City.Agriculture is the biggest industry in Isabela. As the country's top corn producing province, it contributes 21% of the annual national yellow corn production. Asia's largest post-harvest corn processing facility, the Mindanao Grains, is located in the town of Reina Mercedes.As second highest rice-growing province nationwide, Isabela produces 15% of the aggregate national rice production on an annual basis. Being a surplus producer of the Filipinos’ staple crop, the province's rice sufficiency rate is at 224%, which means that Isabelinos produce more than they consume and are in fact responsible for supplying the rice requirements of Metro Manila and many other provinces. The unprecedented increase in palay production of Isabela made the province the "Hybrid Rice Champion" of the Philippines.High-value agricultural crops grown in Isabela include monggo, tobacco, coffee, banana, and mango. Its livestock and poultry industries are also on the rise, especially dairy processing, hog production, cattle breeding, and commercial poultry raising.Farming is highly mechanized as most of the agricultural lands are irrigated. With the presence of the Isabela State University, joint ventures and other foreign assisted projects and the Magat Dam contribute to the high productivity in agriculture. It is also the hub of trade and commerce and other economic activities due to its central location in the region. The wood industry used to be a top earner for the province but due to the logging ban imposed in the Cagayan Valley Region, activities in this industry considerably declined. However, furniture making using narra wood and other indigenous forest materials continue to exist.Isabela is one of the most progressive provinces of the Philippines having been adjudged as the most outstanding province on food security in the "Gawad Sapat Ani Awards 2000". For corn production, Isabela ranks first among the top ten corn producing provinces for cy 2004, contributing 15.70% to national production. In 2013, the Department of Agriculture declared Isabela as the "Best Corn-Quality Awardee". Ilagan City was proclaimed as the "Corn Capital of the Philippines" for being the top corn producer among the 34 municipalities and 2 cities of the province as well as in the whole country.Forestland covers 54.37% or of Isabela's total land area of which 62% is protected forest and 38% is production forest. The best quality of timber resources in the Philippines are found in Isabela's forest. Isabela's vast forest resources are now being ecologically manage to effect sustainable forest-based resource not only for the wood working industry but to secure a balanced ecosystem. The woodwork industry continues to operate under a regulated system, particularly the making furniture using indigenous materials.Isabela has a fertile fishing ground on the Pacific Coast. The Magat Dam reservoir is utilized for fish cage operations for tilapia production for domestic markets. Another thriving industry in the province is aquaculture, sustained by inland fishing through 1,108 hectares of developed freshwater fishponds and 450 hectares of fish cage culture at Magat Dam Reservoir. Rich marine resources could be found in Isabela's coastal seaboard municipalities of Maconacon, Divilacan, Palanan, and Dinapigue.Large deposits of copper, gold, zinc and chromite, manganese and nickel have been found in Isabela. It also has extensive deposits of non-metallic minerals such as limestone, clay, marbles, guano, sand and gravel, and boulders. Indigenous energy sources such as natural gas and hydroelectric capabilities have been found to be abundant in the valley. Many of its mineral reserves have yet to be fully tapped.Solar and biomass power plants in the city of Cauayan and in the town of Alicia have started operating in 2015 to supplement the region's high energy demand. The online solar power plant in Cauayan City is capable of supplying at least 20 megawatts while the biomass power plant in Alicia can produce another 20 megawatts. Both systems provide clean and renewable energy. The P2 billion power facility established by the "Isabela Biomass Energy Corporation" (IBEC) was built to augment power supply in the Cagayan Valley region. The use of biomass as fuel makes the power plant carbon neutral and sustainable. This biomass power facility is the first in the region and is designed to provide economical source of energy as well as job opportunities to residents of the host town/city.On May 27, 2015, the service contract of the largest solar PV power plant in the country has been approved by the Department of Energy (DOE). The P7-billion worth 100 MW Solar PV project in the city of Ilagan is designed to reduce the current shortage in electricity that causes regular blackouts that results to industry closures as well as inconvenience to the consumers. The solar power facility will be constructed at a 100-hectare land at Barangay Cabannungan, several kilometers away from the city proper.Isabela is accessible by all means of transportation. Almost 180-kilometers of the Pan-Philippine Highway pass through the different towns and cities of the province. Several bus companies offer daily trips to different routes like Manila, Dagupan, Baguio and Ilocos vice versa. Public utility vans and small-time bus operators ply daily trips from Tuguegarao in Cagayan to Santiago City vice versa, while jeepneys and tricycles are commonly used as the basic mode of transportation within the province's jurisdiction.The construction of an 82-kilometer road through the protected Sierra Madre mountains is designed to open access to three coastal towns of the province. The approved budget contract of the project amounting to P1.5B, will pass through the foothills of the 359,486-hectare Northern Sierra Madre mountain ranges. The plan is to improve an old logging road used by a defunct logging company until the 1990s. It will start in Barangay Sindon Bayabo in capital city of Ilagan and will end in Barangay Dicatian in the coastal town of Divilacan. The project is set to be completed in 2021.Travel to the isolated coastal towns of Divilacan, Palanan and Maconacon is often made by boat or by plane only, making it difficult to reach the coastal towns in times of emergencies and calamities. There are no roads that links the capital city of Ilagan to the coastal areas, depriving residents of basic necessities and social services, such as health. Once completed, the road project is expected to boost the economies of the coastal areas, citing Divilacan's 119-hectares beach and freshwater areas that have lured tourists. The Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) issued Resolution No. 11, which reclassifies portions of the Sierra Madre as a special-use zone. The Agta and Dumagat in the area have also signed a memorandum of agreement with the provincial government, expressing their consent to the road project. At least 1,800 Agta and Dumagat have been staying in the park areas. But the impact of the road on the protected forest has alarmed residents who feared that the project may damage its forests and ecosystems. The project was delayed in the recent years due to concerns about the road's potential impact on the environment. The Cagayan Valley Regional Development Council required the project's proponents to study the full impact of the road on the area's biodiversity.There are five airports in the province. The Cauayan Airport is the primary airport in the province serving a trip to Manila, Palanan, and Maconacon. The other two are the Palanan Airport in Palanan and Maconacon Airport in Maconacon. The country's leading passenger airline Cebu Pacific services the Cauayan-Manila-Cauayan Route. Light planes operated by Cyclone Airways and WCC Aviation's Sky Pasada Have flights from Cauayan Domestic Airport to the community airports in Palanan and Maconacon. The province has two minor seaports, the Divilacan Port and Palanan Port in the coastal towns of Divilacan and Palanan. The trade going to the ports come primarily from major seaports in Cagayan such as Port of Aparri in Aparri, Cagayan, and Port of San Vicente and Port Irene, both in Santa Ana, Cagayan. The other two airstrips are found in Divilacan, and in Magat River Management Project Site.Isabela is one of the primary centers of education in the Cagayan Valley Region. There are several public and private educational institutions, the most notable being the Isabela State University, a government-owned and controlled public university. Its main campus is located in Echague and satellite campuses in Cauayan City, Ilagan City, Angadanan, Cabagan, Jones, Palanan (extension), Roxas, San Mariano, San Mateo and Santiago City (extension).Among the most notable higher educational institutions found in the province of Isabela are the following:Since the early 2000s, tourism has become an income-generating industry for Isabela. New hotels and resorts have opened, mostly in the cities of Ilagan, Cauayan and Santiago, and the towns of Tumauini, Gamu, Roxas, Alicia, Burgos, Ramon, San Mariano and Cordon. Top tourist attractions are the centuries-old churches; Magat Dam Tourism Complex, which houses Southeast Asia's biggest dam; Santa Victoria Caves, Pinzal Falls and Ilagan Sanctuary at Fuyot National Park; the white sand beaches in the coastal municipalities of Maconacon, Divilacan, Palanan, Dinapigue and islands of coastal Isabela; the world's biggest wooden lounge chair or "butaka" in Ilagan City; and various festival and fiestas, including the "Bambanti Festival" annually celebrated every February, and the commemoration of the birth of the province during Isabela Day every May.	[ "Rodolfo T. Albano III", "Silvestre Bello III", "Faustino G. Dy III", "Faustino Dy", "Benjamin Dy", "Faustino Dy Jr." ]
Who was the head of Isabela in Dec 13, 2005?	December 13, 2005	{ "text": [ "Grace Padaca" ] }	L2_Q13826_P6_4	Faustino Dy Jr. is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2001 to Jun, 2004. Faustino G. Dy III is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2010 to Jun, 2019. Rodolfo T. Albano III is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2019 to Dec, 2022. Grace Padaca is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2004 to Jun, 2010. Benjamin Dy is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 1992 to Jun, 2001. Faustino Dy is the head of the government of Isabela from Feb, 1988 to Jun, 1992. Silvestre Bello III is the head of the government of Isabela from Apr, 1986 to Feb, 1988.	Isabela (province)Isabela, officially the Province of Isabela (; ; ) is the second largest province in the Philippines in land area located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital and largest local government unit is the city of Ilagan. It is bordered by the provinces of Cagayan to the north, Kalinga to the northwest, Mountain Province to the central-west, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya to the southwest, Quirino and Aurora to the south, and the Philippine Sea to the east.This primarily agricultural province is the rice and corn granary of Luzon due to its plain and rolling terrain. In 2012, the province was declared as the country's top producer of corn with 1,209,524 metric tons. Isabela was also declared the second-largest rice producer in the Philippines and the Queen Province of the Philippines.Isabela is the 10th richest province in the Philippines as of 2020. The province has four trade centers in the cities of Ilagan, Cauayan, Santiago and the municipality of Roxas. One of Isabela's cities, Santiago City, is considered the fastest-growing local economy in the entire Philippines.The province was named after Isabella II, the first queen regnant of Spain. There have been proposals to change the name of the province into something that will better suit the indigenous roots of the country. However, such plans were rejected by the residents of Isabela.The province of Isabela used to be a vast rainforest where numerous indigenous ethnolinguistic groups lived. Many of the same ethnic groups still live in the province. Shell midden sites and other archaeological sites throughout the province constitute the material culture of those groups during the classical era.During the Spanish era, prior to 1856, the Cagayan Valley was divided into only two provinces: Cagayan and Nueva Vizcaya. The Province of Cagayan at that time consisted of all towns from Tumauini to Aparri in the north. All other towns from Ilagan southward to Aritao comprised the Province of the old Nueva Vizcaya. In order to facilitate the work of the Catholic missionaries in the evangelization of the Cagayan Valley, a royal decree was issued on May 1, 1856 creating the Province of Isabela consisting of the towns of Gamu, Old Angadanan (now Alicia), Bindang (now Roxas) and Camarag (now Echague), Carig (now Santiago City) and Palanan, all detached from the Province of Nueva Vizcaya; while Cabagan and Tumauini were taken from the Province of Cagayan.The province was placed under the jurisdiction of a governor with Ilagan as the capital, where it remains up to present. It was initially called "Isabela de Luzón" to differentiate from other places in the Philippines bearing the name of Isabela. The new province was named after Queen Isabella II of Spain.Although the province did not play a major role in the revolt against Spain, it is in Palanan that the final pages of the Philippine Revolution were written when United States troops, led by General Frederick Funston, finally captured General Emilio Aguinaldo in the area on March 23, 1901. Isabela was re-organized as a province under the American military government through "Act No. 210", passed August 24, 1901.The Americans built schools and other buildings and instituted changes in the overall political system. However, the province's economy remained particularly agricultural with rice replacing corn and tobacco as the dominant crop. World War II stagnated the province's economic growth but it recovered dramatically after the war. In 1942, Imperial Japanese occupied Isabela. In 1945, the liberation of Isabela commenced with the arrival of the Philippine Commonwealth troops under the Philippine Army, Constabulary, and USAFIP-NL units and recognized guerrillas attacked by the Japanese Imperial forces in World War II.A new wave of immigration began in the late 19th and 20th centuries with the arrival of the Ilokano who came in large numbers. They now constitute the largest group in the province. Other ethnic groups followed that made Isabela the "Melting Pot of the Northern Philippines".In 1975, construction began on the Magat Dam on the boundary of Ramon, Isabela with neighboring Ifugao Province, becoming a catchbasin for 8 rivers upstream in Ifugao and serving multiple functions, including: irrigating of agricultural lands; flood control; and power generation. The construction was protested by the Ifugao people due to the flooding of their ancestral lands, but the dam was eventually completed in 1982, partially funded through a loan from the World Bank.In 1995, "Republic Act 7891" was passed, legislating that Isabela be divided into two new provinces: Isabela del Norte and Isabela del Sur. A referendum was held on the same year with a slight majority voting against partitioning the province.In 2012, the capital town of Ilagan officially became a city, after the move gained 96% of the votes in the plebiscite conducted on August 11, 2012. The night after the plebiscite, Ilagan was declared as a component city of the province.Isabela comprises an aggregate land area of , representing almost 40 percent of the regional territory. It is the largest province in the island of Luzon and the second largest province in the Philippines by land area. Occupying the central section of the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon, Isabela is bordered by Cagayan to the north, Kalinga to the northwest, Mountain Province to the central-west, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya to the southwest, Quirino to the south, and Aurora to the south. To the east lies the Philippine Sea, making Isabela one of the typhoon-prone provinces in the country.The province is divided into three physiographic areas. The eastern area, straddled by the Sierra Madre mountain range, is rugged and thickly forested. A substantial portion is uncharted. These unexplored hinterlands are home to a rich variety of flora and fauna, and some are under government reservations. It is home to one of the world's largest remaining low-altitude rainforests, with numerous unknown endemic species of flora and fauna and biological diversity in the protected area known as the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park. Isabela has of Cagayan Valley’s of forest cover.The highest point of the province is located near the border with Cagayan. Mount Dos Cuernos peak has an elevation of located in San Pablo near the border with Maconacon. Other notable peaks in the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park is Mount Cresta in Divilacan with an elevation of .The western area is a fertile valley hemmed by the Central Cordillera. It is crisscrossed by the mighty Cagayan River, Siffu River, and Magat River.Mallig Plains Region is a region in the western section of the province. Its name was derived from the rolling terrains or kilometers of plain lands in western Isabela. The municipality of Roxas serves as the business center of the region. The Plains covers the municipalities of Quezon, Mallig, Quirino, Burgos, Aurora, San Manuel and Roxas.Isabela is politically subdivided into thirty four (34) municipalities, two component cities and one independent component city. The province is represented in the Philippine House of Representatives with six legislative districts.The province has ten first class municipalities, two second class cities and one first class independent component city. Ilagan City, which became a city thirteen years after its failed cityhood proposal in 1998, it is now Luzon’s largest and the country’s fourth biggest city after Davao City, Puerto Princesa and Zamboanga City by land area.The 34 municipalities and 3 cities of the province comprise 1,055 barangays, with "Rizal" in Santiago City as the most populous in 2010, and "Catalina" in Cauayan City as the least. If cities are excluded, "Bugallon Proper (Poblacion)" in Ramon has the highest population, and "Uauang-Tuliao" in Santo Tomas has the lowest.After Isabela was re-organized as a province under the American regime in 1901, its first provincial governor was Rafael Maramag, a former Municipal President and also the first Municipal President of the capital town Ilagan. He was succeeded by his brother, Gabriel. Afterwards, Isabela was ruled by the Dy family for 34 years (1969-2004). The dynasty was started by the patriarch of the family, Faustino N. Dy, Sr., who served as the Mayor of Cauayan from 1965 to 1969 and sat as the provincial governor of Isabela for 22 years (1969–1992).Around 1987,former mayor of Santiago,mayor Dodo Miranda plan to run governor of isabela but sadly he ambushed by unidentified gunman in reina mercedes.so that the reason santiago city is independent to isabela because of that incedent. He was succeeded by his son, Benjamin G. Dy, in the gubernatorial seat from 1992 to 2001. Another Dy took over the gubernatorial seat in 2001 when Faustino Dy Jr. won the 2001 elections after having served as the district representative of the 2nd Legislative District of the province from 1992 to 2001. It was only in the 2004 elections that the family's control of the gubernatorial seat ended when Grace Padaca won over Faustino Dy Jr. She was the first woman to serve as the governor of the province. After serving for six years (2004-2010), she was defeated in the 2010 National Elections by Faustino "Bojie" G. Dy III who served as governor of the province for three consecutive terms (2010-2019).On September 27, 2018, "Republic Act No. 11080", an act reapportioning the province of Isabela into six legislative districts from four, was signed into law and the reapportioned districts elected its representatives starting in the 2019 midterm elections. Accordingly, the new districts are as follows:The population of Isabela in the was people, making it the most populated province among the five provinces in Cagayan Valley (Region II). It had a density of .In 2010, Isabela had a population of 1,489,645 people: 46 percent of the 3.2 million people in the region at that time. At the national level, the province contributed 1.58 percent to the total population of 88.57 million. There were 254,928 households in the province in 2007.For all ages, the sex ratio in Isabela was about 105 with 660,627 males and 626,948 females in the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (Census 2000). There are more males than females below 50 years old.Ilocanos are the most prominent group in the province. Of the total household population, 68.71 percent classified themselves as Ilocanos, followed by the Ibanags (14.05 percent), and Tagalogs (10.02 percent). The majority ethnic group were the Ibanags, who were first seen by the Spanish explorers and converted to Christianity by missionaries, the reason why the Ibanag language had spread throughout the valley region prior to the arrival of the migrating Ilocanos. The remaining 7.22 percent are either Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, or from other ethnic groups who have assimilated into the Ibanag-Ilocano culture . More recently, a new group from the south, the Muslim Filipinos, have migrated to this province and have made a community for themselves. In addition to this, Tagalog-speaking peoples from Central Luzon (mostly from Nueva Ecija) and Southern Luzon have also settled in the area, as well as a few Pangasinans and Kapampangans from the Central Luzon.Major languages spoken are Ilocano followed by Ibanag, Yogad, and Gaddang. Ilocanos and Ibanags speak Ilocano with an Ibanag accent, as descendants of Ilocanos from first generation in Isabela who lived within Ibanag population learned Ibanag; same situation with Ilocano tinged by Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, and Itawis accents when descendants of Ilocanos from first generation in Isabela who lived within Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, and Itawis populations learned their languages. People especially in the capital and commercial centers speak and understand English and Tagalog. Tagalogs, Ilocanos, and Ibanags speak Tagalog with an Ibanag accent, as descendants of Tagalogs from first generation in Isabela who lived within Ibanag population learned Ibanag.Roman Catholicism is the predominant faith followed by about 80% of the people. Other religions practiced are Aglipayan, United Methodist Church and various Christian churches such as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Iglesia ni Cristo,and Protestant Churches Baptist, Seventh-day Adventist, other Charismatic Christians and Jehovah's Witnesses. There are also small number of Muslims.In terms of income classification, Isabela is rated as first-class province and considered among the richest and most progressive province in the Philippines and the most progressive in Region 02 courtesy of the three key cities strategically located in the province.Strategically located at the center of Cagayan Valley region, Isabela is acknowledged to have demonstrated strengths in business and industry. Thus, it has come to be known as the "Regional Trade and Industrial Center" of north-eastern Luzon.The province of Isabela is the richest in Cagayan Valley. It is also the Top 10 Richest Province in the Philippines last 2011.The cities of Cauayan, Ilagan, Santiago and the town of Roxas are the principal commercial centers of the province. Metro Manila-based malls and fast food chains have recently opened in these key trading hubs. To date, 192 banking branches operate in the province, with most of the universal and commercial banks providing automated teller machines for the convenience of their clients.Since the start of the 21st century, a growing number of foreign and local investors have selected Isabela as site of their business ventures. Heading the list are Isabela's top investors, namely: Mindanao Grains Processing Company, Inc., SN Aboitiz Power- Magat Inc., Universal Leaf Philippines, Coca-Cola FEMSA Philippines, Inc., San Miguel Corporation, RC Cola and Pepsi Cola.In the rice industry, substantial investments have been made by Valiant Rice Mills Corporation, Family Choice Grains Processing Center, Golden Season Grains Center, Herco Agro Industries, JDT Silver Grains Center, New Cauayan Goldyluck Grains and the La Suerte Rice Mill Corporation.Retail giants like SM Prime, Robinsons and Puregold Price Club, Inc. have set up shops like Savemore, Robinsons Supermarket and Puregold, respectively. In 2014, these retail companies opened its pioneer malls in the region, the SM City Cauayan and Robinsons Place Santiago.Land transportation operators Victory Liner, Five Star Bus Company, Dalin Liner, GV Florida Transport, EMC Transportation, Inc., Solid North Transit Inc., and Northern Luzon Bus Company (NELBUSCO) have terminals and depots in the province.Leading car, motorcycle and truck manufacturers such as Honda, Toyota, Mitsubishi Motors, Isuzu Motors, Kia Motors, Nissan, Ford, Chevrolet, Suzuki, Hyundai, Mazda, Foton, Peugeot, MAN SE, Yamaha and many other companies entered the province over the past years.Telecom firms Globe, PLDT/Smart and Digitel/ Sun Cellular operate cellular sites and fixed telephony facilities throughout Isabela.Big real estate developers like Vista Land and Lifescapes, Inc. entered the province with the opening of Camella Isabela, Camella Santiago, Camella Santiago Trails and Lessandra Santiago in Santiago City, and Camella Cauayan and Lumina Isabela in Cauayan City. Vista Malls is set to launch its first high end mall in Santiago City.Agriculture is the biggest industry in Isabela. As the country's top corn producing province, it contributes 21% of the annual national yellow corn production. Asia's largest post-harvest corn processing facility, the Mindanao Grains, is located in the town of Reina Mercedes.As second highest rice-growing province nationwide, Isabela produces 15% of the aggregate national rice production on an annual basis. Being a surplus producer of the Filipinos’ staple crop, the province's rice sufficiency rate is at 224%, which means that Isabelinos produce more than they consume and are in fact responsible for supplying the rice requirements of Metro Manila and many other provinces. The unprecedented increase in palay production of Isabela made the province the "Hybrid Rice Champion" of the Philippines.High-value agricultural crops grown in Isabela include monggo, tobacco, coffee, banana, and mango. Its livestock and poultry industries are also on the rise, especially dairy processing, hog production, cattle breeding, and commercial poultry raising.Farming is highly mechanized as most of the agricultural lands are irrigated. With the presence of the Isabela State University, joint ventures and other foreign assisted projects and the Magat Dam contribute to the high productivity in agriculture. It is also the hub of trade and commerce and other economic activities due to its central location in the region. The wood industry used to be a top earner for the province but due to the logging ban imposed in the Cagayan Valley Region, activities in this industry considerably declined. However, furniture making using narra wood and other indigenous forest materials continue to exist.Isabela is one of the most progressive provinces of the Philippines having been adjudged as the most outstanding province on food security in the "Gawad Sapat Ani Awards 2000". For corn production, Isabela ranks first among the top ten corn producing provinces for cy 2004, contributing 15.70% to national production. In 2013, the Department of Agriculture declared Isabela as the "Best Corn-Quality Awardee". Ilagan City was proclaimed as the "Corn Capital of the Philippines" for being the top corn producer among the 34 municipalities and 2 cities of the province as well as in the whole country.Forestland covers 54.37% or of Isabela's total land area of which 62% is protected forest and 38% is production forest. The best quality of timber resources in the Philippines are found in Isabela's forest. Isabela's vast forest resources are now being ecologically manage to effect sustainable forest-based resource not only for the wood working industry but to secure a balanced ecosystem. The woodwork industry continues to operate under a regulated system, particularly the making furniture using indigenous materials.Isabela has a fertile fishing ground on the Pacific Coast. The Magat Dam reservoir is utilized for fish cage operations for tilapia production for domestic markets. Another thriving industry in the province is aquaculture, sustained by inland fishing through 1,108 hectares of developed freshwater fishponds and 450 hectares of fish cage culture at Magat Dam Reservoir. Rich marine resources could be found in Isabela's coastal seaboard municipalities of Maconacon, Divilacan, Palanan, and Dinapigue.Large deposits of copper, gold, zinc and chromite, manganese and nickel have been found in Isabela. It also has extensive deposits of non-metallic minerals such as limestone, clay, marbles, guano, sand and gravel, and boulders. Indigenous energy sources such as natural gas and hydroelectric capabilities have been found to be abundant in the valley. Many of its mineral reserves have yet to be fully tapped.Solar and biomass power plants in the city of Cauayan and in the town of Alicia have started operating in 2015 to supplement the region's high energy demand. The online solar power plant in Cauayan City is capable of supplying at least 20 megawatts while the biomass power plant in Alicia can produce another 20 megawatts. Both systems provide clean and renewable energy. The P2 billion power facility established by the "Isabela Biomass Energy Corporation" (IBEC) was built to augment power supply in the Cagayan Valley region. The use of biomass as fuel makes the power plant carbon neutral and sustainable. This biomass power facility is the first in the region and is designed to provide economical source of energy as well as job opportunities to residents of the host town/city.On May 27, 2015, the service contract of the largest solar PV power plant in the country has been approved by the Department of Energy (DOE). The P7-billion worth 100 MW Solar PV project in the city of Ilagan is designed to reduce the current shortage in electricity that causes regular blackouts that results to industry closures as well as inconvenience to the consumers. The solar power facility will be constructed at a 100-hectare land at Barangay Cabannungan, several kilometers away from the city proper.Isabela is accessible by all means of transportation. Almost 180-kilometers of the Pan-Philippine Highway pass through the different towns and cities of the province. Several bus companies offer daily trips to different routes like Manila, Dagupan, Baguio and Ilocos vice versa. Public utility vans and small-time bus operators ply daily trips from Tuguegarao in Cagayan to Santiago City vice versa, while jeepneys and tricycles are commonly used as the basic mode of transportation within the province's jurisdiction.The construction of an 82-kilometer road through the protected Sierra Madre mountains is designed to open access to three coastal towns of the province. The approved budget contract of the project amounting to P1.5B, will pass through the foothills of the 359,486-hectare Northern Sierra Madre mountain ranges. The plan is to improve an old logging road used by a defunct logging company until the 1990s. It will start in Barangay Sindon Bayabo in capital city of Ilagan and will end in Barangay Dicatian in the coastal town of Divilacan. The project is set to be completed in 2021.Travel to the isolated coastal towns of Divilacan, Palanan and Maconacon is often made by boat or by plane only, making it difficult to reach the coastal towns in times of emergencies and calamities. There are no roads that links the capital city of Ilagan to the coastal areas, depriving residents of basic necessities and social services, such as health. Once completed, the road project is expected to boost the economies of the coastal areas, citing Divilacan's 119-hectares beach and freshwater areas that have lured tourists. The Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) issued Resolution No. 11, which reclassifies portions of the Sierra Madre as a special-use zone. The Agta and Dumagat in the area have also signed a memorandum of agreement with the provincial government, expressing their consent to the road project. At least 1,800 Agta and Dumagat have been staying in the park areas. But the impact of the road on the protected forest has alarmed residents who feared that the project may damage its forests and ecosystems. The project was delayed in the recent years due to concerns about the road's potential impact on the environment. The Cagayan Valley Regional Development Council required the project's proponents to study the full impact of the road on the area's biodiversity.There are five airports in the province. The Cauayan Airport is the primary airport in the province serving a trip to Manila, Palanan, and Maconacon. The other two are the Palanan Airport in Palanan and Maconacon Airport in Maconacon. The country's leading passenger airline Cebu Pacific services the Cauayan-Manila-Cauayan Route. Light planes operated by Cyclone Airways and WCC Aviation's Sky Pasada Have flights from Cauayan Domestic Airport to the community airports in Palanan and Maconacon. The province has two minor seaports, the Divilacan Port and Palanan Port in the coastal towns of Divilacan and Palanan. The trade going to the ports come primarily from major seaports in Cagayan such as Port of Aparri in Aparri, Cagayan, and Port of San Vicente and Port Irene, both in Santa Ana, Cagayan. The other two airstrips are found in Divilacan, and in Magat River Management Project Site.Isabela is one of the primary centers of education in the Cagayan Valley Region. There are several public and private educational institutions, the most notable being the Isabela State University, a government-owned and controlled public university. Its main campus is located in Echague and satellite campuses in Cauayan City, Ilagan City, Angadanan, Cabagan, Jones, Palanan (extension), Roxas, San Mariano, San Mateo and Santiago City (extension).Among the most notable higher educational institutions found in the province of Isabela are the following:Since the early 2000s, tourism has become an income-generating industry for Isabela. New hotels and resorts have opened, mostly in the cities of Ilagan, Cauayan and Santiago, and the towns of Tumauini, Gamu, Roxas, Alicia, Burgos, Ramon, San Mariano and Cordon. Top tourist attractions are the centuries-old churches; Magat Dam Tourism Complex, which houses Southeast Asia's biggest dam; Santa Victoria Caves, Pinzal Falls and Ilagan Sanctuary at Fuyot National Park; the white sand beaches in the coastal municipalities of Maconacon, Divilacan, Palanan, Dinapigue and islands of coastal Isabela; the world's biggest wooden lounge chair or "butaka" in Ilagan City; and various festival and fiestas, including the "Bambanti Festival" annually celebrated every February, and the commemoration of the birth of the province during Isabela Day every May.	[ "Rodolfo T. Albano III", "Silvestre Bello III", "Faustino G. Dy III", "Faustino Dy", "Benjamin Dy", "Faustino Dy Jr." ]
Who was the head of Isabela in 12/13/2005?	December 13, 2005	{ "text": [ "Grace Padaca" ] }	L2_Q13826_P6_4	Faustino Dy Jr. is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2001 to Jun, 2004. Faustino G. Dy III is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2010 to Jun, 2019. Rodolfo T. Albano III is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2019 to Dec, 2022. Grace Padaca is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2004 to Jun, 2010. Benjamin Dy is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 1992 to Jun, 2001. Faustino Dy is the head of the government of Isabela from Feb, 1988 to Jun, 1992. Silvestre Bello III is the head of the government of Isabela from Apr, 1986 to Feb, 1988.	Isabela (province)Isabela, officially the Province of Isabela (; ; ) is the second largest province in the Philippines in land area located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital and largest local government unit is the city of Ilagan. It is bordered by the provinces of Cagayan to the north, Kalinga to the northwest, Mountain Province to the central-west, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya to the southwest, Quirino and Aurora to the south, and the Philippine Sea to the east.This primarily agricultural province is the rice and corn granary of Luzon due to its plain and rolling terrain. In 2012, the province was declared as the country's top producer of corn with 1,209,524 metric tons. Isabela was also declared the second-largest rice producer in the Philippines and the Queen Province of the Philippines.Isabela is the 10th richest province in the Philippines as of 2020. The province has four trade centers in the cities of Ilagan, Cauayan, Santiago and the municipality of Roxas. One of Isabela's cities, Santiago City, is considered the fastest-growing local economy in the entire Philippines.The province was named after Isabella II, the first queen regnant of Spain. There have been proposals to change the name of the province into something that will better suit the indigenous roots of the country. However, such plans were rejected by the residents of Isabela.The province of Isabela used to be a vast rainforest where numerous indigenous ethnolinguistic groups lived. Many of the same ethnic groups still live in the province. Shell midden sites and other archaeological sites throughout the province constitute the material culture of those groups during the classical era.During the Spanish era, prior to 1856, the Cagayan Valley was divided into only two provinces: Cagayan and Nueva Vizcaya. The Province of Cagayan at that time consisted of all towns from Tumauini to Aparri in the north. All other towns from Ilagan southward to Aritao comprised the Province of the old Nueva Vizcaya. In order to facilitate the work of the Catholic missionaries in the evangelization of the Cagayan Valley, a royal decree was issued on May 1, 1856 creating the Province of Isabela consisting of the towns of Gamu, Old Angadanan (now Alicia), Bindang (now Roxas) and Camarag (now Echague), Carig (now Santiago City) and Palanan, all detached from the Province of Nueva Vizcaya; while Cabagan and Tumauini were taken from the Province of Cagayan.The province was placed under the jurisdiction of a governor with Ilagan as the capital, where it remains up to present. It was initially called "Isabela de Luzón" to differentiate from other places in the Philippines bearing the name of Isabela. The new province was named after Queen Isabella II of Spain.Although the province did not play a major role in the revolt against Spain, it is in Palanan that the final pages of the Philippine Revolution were written when United States troops, led by General Frederick Funston, finally captured General Emilio Aguinaldo in the area on March 23, 1901. Isabela was re-organized as a province under the American military government through "Act No. 210", passed August 24, 1901.The Americans built schools and other buildings and instituted changes in the overall political system. However, the province's economy remained particularly agricultural with rice replacing corn and tobacco as the dominant crop. World War II stagnated the province's economic growth but it recovered dramatically after the war. In 1942, Imperial Japanese occupied Isabela. In 1945, the liberation of Isabela commenced with the arrival of the Philippine Commonwealth troops under the Philippine Army, Constabulary, and USAFIP-NL units and recognized guerrillas attacked by the Japanese Imperial forces in World War II.A new wave of immigration began in the late 19th and 20th centuries with the arrival of the Ilokano who came in large numbers. They now constitute the largest group in the province. Other ethnic groups followed that made Isabela the "Melting Pot of the Northern Philippines".In 1975, construction began on the Magat Dam on the boundary of Ramon, Isabela with neighboring Ifugao Province, becoming a catchbasin for 8 rivers upstream in Ifugao and serving multiple functions, including: irrigating of agricultural lands; flood control; and power generation. The construction was protested by the Ifugao people due to the flooding of their ancestral lands, but the dam was eventually completed in 1982, partially funded through a loan from the World Bank.In 1995, "Republic Act 7891" was passed, legislating that Isabela be divided into two new provinces: Isabela del Norte and Isabela del Sur. A referendum was held on the same year with a slight majority voting against partitioning the province.In 2012, the capital town of Ilagan officially became a city, after the move gained 96% of the votes in the plebiscite conducted on August 11, 2012. The night after the plebiscite, Ilagan was declared as a component city of the province.Isabela comprises an aggregate land area of , representing almost 40 percent of the regional territory. It is the largest province in the island of Luzon and the second largest province in the Philippines by land area. Occupying the central section of the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon, Isabela is bordered by Cagayan to the north, Kalinga to the northwest, Mountain Province to the central-west, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya to the southwest, Quirino to the south, and Aurora to the south. To the east lies the Philippine Sea, making Isabela one of the typhoon-prone provinces in the country.The province is divided into three physiographic areas. The eastern area, straddled by the Sierra Madre mountain range, is rugged and thickly forested. A substantial portion is uncharted. These unexplored hinterlands are home to a rich variety of flora and fauna, and some are under government reservations. It is home to one of the world's largest remaining low-altitude rainforests, with numerous unknown endemic species of flora and fauna and biological diversity in the protected area known as the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park. Isabela has of Cagayan Valley’s of forest cover.The highest point of the province is located near the border with Cagayan. Mount Dos Cuernos peak has an elevation of located in San Pablo near the border with Maconacon. Other notable peaks in the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park is Mount Cresta in Divilacan with an elevation of .The western area is a fertile valley hemmed by the Central Cordillera. It is crisscrossed by the mighty Cagayan River, Siffu River, and Magat River.Mallig Plains Region is a region in the western section of the province. Its name was derived from the rolling terrains or kilometers of plain lands in western Isabela. The municipality of Roxas serves as the business center of the region. The Plains covers the municipalities of Quezon, Mallig, Quirino, Burgos, Aurora, San Manuel and Roxas.Isabela is politically subdivided into thirty four (34) municipalities, two component cities and one independent component city. The province is represented in the Philippine House of Representatives with six legislative districts.The province has ten first class municipalities, two second class cities and one first class independent component city. Ilagan City, which became a city thirteen years after its failed cityhood proposal in 1998, it is now Luzon’s largest and the country’s fourth biggest city after Davao City, Puerto Princesa and Zamboanga City by land area.The 34 municipalities and 3 cities of the province comprise 1,055 barangays, with "Rizal" in Santiago City as the most populous in 2010, and "Catalina" in Cauayan City as the least. If cities are excluded, "Bugallon Proper (Poblacion)" in Ramon has the highest population, and "Uauang-Tuliao" in Santo Tomas has the lowest.After Isabela was re-organized as a province under the American regime in 1901, its first provincial governor was Rafael Maramag, a former Municipal President and also the first Municipal President of the capital town Ilagan. He was succeeded by his brother, Gabriel. Afterwards, Isabela was ruled by the Dy family for 34 years (1969-2004). The dynasty was started by the patriarch of the family, Faustino N. Dy, Sr., who served as the Mayor of Cauayan from 1965 to 1969 and sat as the provincial governor of Isabela for 22 years (1969–1992).Around 1987,former mayor of Santiago,mayor Dodo Miranda plan to run governor of isabela but sadly he ambushed by unidentified gunman in reina mercedes.so that the reason santiago city is independent to isabela because of that incedent. He was succeeded by his son, Benjamin G. Dy, in the gubernatorial seat from 1992 to 2001. Another Dy took over the gubernatorial seat in 2001 when Faustino Dy Jr. won the 2001 elections after having served as the district representative of the 2nd Legislative District of the province from 1992 to 2001. It was only in the 2004 elections that the family's control of the gubernatorial seat ended when Grace Padaca won over Faustino Dy Jr. She was the first woman to serve as the governor of the province. After serving for six years (2004-2010), she was defeated in the 2010 National Elections by Faustino "Bojie" G. Dy III who served as governor of the province for three consecutive terms (2010-2019).On September 27, 2018, "Republic Act No. 11080", an act reapportioning the province of Isabela into six legislative districts from four, was signed into law and the reapportioned districts elected its representatives starting in the 2019 midterm elections. Accordingly, the new districts are as follows:The population of Isabela in the was people, making it the most populated province among the five provinces in Cagayan Valley (Region II). It had a density of .In 2010, Isabela had a population of 1,489,645 people: 46 percent of the 3.2 million people in the region at that time. At the national level, the province contributed 1.58 percent to the total population of 88.57 million. There were 254,928 households in the province in 2007.For all ages, the sex ratio in Isabela was about 105 with 660,627 males and 626,948 females in the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (Census 2000). There are more males than females below 50 years old.Ilocanos are the most prominent group in the province. Of the total household population, 68.71 percent classified themselves as Ilocanos, followed by the Ibanags (14.05 percent), and Tagalogs (10.02 percent). The majority ethnic group were the Ibanags, who were first seen by the Spanish explorers and converted to Christianity by missionaries, the reason why the Ibanag language had spread throughout the valley region prior to the arrival of the migrating Ilocanos. The remaining 7.22 percent are either Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, or from other ethnic groups who have assimilated into the Ibanag-Ilocano culture . More recently, a new group from the south, the Muslim Filipinos, have migrated to this province and have made a community for themselves. In addition to this, Tagalog-speaking peoples from Central Luzon (mostly from Nueva Ecija) and Southern Luzon have also settled in the area, as well as a few Pangasinans and Kapampangans from the Central Luzon.Major languages spoken are Ilocano followed by Ibanag, Yogad, and Gaddang. Ilocanos and Ibanags speak Ilocano with an Ibanag accent, as descendants of Ilocanos from first generation in Isabela who lived within Ibanag population learned Ibanag; same situation with Ilocano tinged by Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, and Itawis accents when descendants of Ilocanos from first generation in Isabela who lived within Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, and Itawis populations learned their languages. People especially in the capital and commercial centers speak and understand English and Tagalog. Tagalogs, Ilocanos, and Ibanags speak Tagalog with an Ibanag accent, as descendants of Tagalogs from first generation in Isabela who lived within Ibanag population learned Ibanag.Roman Catholicism is the predominant faith followed by about 80% of the people. Other religions practiced are Aglipayan, United Methodist Church and various Christian churches such as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Iglesia ni Cristo,and Protestant Churches Baptist, Seventh-day Adventist, other Charismatic Christians and Jehovah's Witnesses. There are also small number of Muslims.In terms of income classification, Isabela is rated as first-class province and considered among the richest and most progressive province in the Philippines and the most progressive in Region 02 courtesy of the three key cities strategically located in the province.Strategically located at the center of Cagayan Valley region, Isabela is acknowledged to have demonstrated strengths in business and industry. Thus, it has come to be known as the "Regional Trade and Industrial Center" of north-eastern Luzon.The province of Isabela is the richest in Cagayan Valley. It is also the Top 10 Richest Province in the Philippines last 2011.The cities of Cauayan, Ilagan, Santiago and the town of Roxas are the principal commercial centers of the province. Metro Manila-based malls and fast food chains have recently opened in these key trading hubs. To date, 192 banking branches operate in the province, with most of the universal and commercial banks providing automated teller machines for the convenience of their clients.Since the start of the 21st century, a growing number of foreign and local investors have selected Isabela as site of their business ventures. Heading the list are Isabela's top investors, namely: Mindanao Grains Processing Company, Inc., SN Aboitiz Power- Magat Inc., Universal Leaf Philippines, Coca-Cola FEMSA Philippines, Inc., San Miguel Corporation, RC Cola and Pepsi Cola.In the rice industry, substantial investments have been made by Valiant Rice Mills Corporation, Family Choice Grains Processing Center, Golden Season Grains Center, Herco Agro Industries, JDT Silver Grains Center, New Cauayan Goldyluck Grains and the La Suerte Rice Mill Corporation.Retail giants like SM Prime, Robinsons and Puregold Price Club, Inc. have set up shops like Savemore, Robinsons Supermarket and Puregold, respectively. In 2014, these retail companies opened its pioneer malls in the region, the SM City Cauayan and Robinsons Place Santiago.Land transportation operators Victory Liner, Five Star Bus Company, Dalin Liner, GV Florida Transport, EMC Transportation, Inc., Solid North Transit Inc., and Northern Luzon Bus Company (NELBUSCO) have terminals and depots in the province.Leading car, motorcycle and truck manufacturers such as Honda, Toyota, Mitsubishi Motors, Isuzu Motors, Kia Motors, Nissan, Ford, Chevrolet, Suzuki, Hyundai, Mazda, Foton, Peugeot, MAN SE, Yamaha and many other companies entered the province over the past years.Telecom firms Globe, PLDT/Smart and Digitel/ Sun Cellular operate cellular sites and fixed telephony facilities throughout Isabela.Big real estate developers like Vista Land and Lifescapes, Inc. entered the province with the opening of Camella Isabela, Camella Santiago, Camella Santiago Trails and Lessandra Santiago in Santiago City, and Camella Cauayan and Lumina Isabela in Cauayan City. Vista Malls is set to launch its first high end mall in Santiago City.Agriculture is the biggest industry in Isabela. As the country's top corn producing province, it contributes 21% of the annual national yellow corn production. Asia's largest post-harvest corn processing facility, the Mindanao Grains, is located in the town of Reina Mercedes.As second highest rice-growing province nationwide, Isabela produces 15% of the aggregate national rice production on an annual basis. Being a surplus producer of the Filipinos’ staple crop, the province's rice sufficiency rate is at 224%, which means that Isabelinos produce more than they consume and are in fact responsible for supplying the rice requirements of Metro Manila and many other provinces. The unprecedented increase in palay production of Isabela made the province the "Hybrid Rice Champion" of the Philippines.High-value agricultural crops grown in Isabela include monggo, tobacco, coffee, banana, and mango. Its livestock and poultry industries are also on the rise, especially dairy processing, hog production, cattle breeding, and commercial poultry raising.Farming is highly mechanized as most of the agricultural lands are irrigated. With the presence of the Isabela State University, joint ventures and other foreign assisted projects and the Magat Dam contribute to the high productivity in agriculture. It is also the hub of trade and commerce and other economic activities due to its central location in the region. The wood industry used to be a top earner for the province but due to the logging ban imposed in the Cagayan Valley Region, activities in this industry considerably declined. However, furniture making using narra wood and other indigenous forest materials continue to exist.Isabela is one of the most progressive provinces of the Philippines having been adjudged as the most outstanding province on food security in the "Gawad Sapat Ani Awards 2000". For corn production, Isabela ranks first among the top ten corn producing provinces for cy 2004, contributing 15.70% to national production. In 2013, the Department of Agriculture declared Isabela as the "Best Corn-Quality Awardee". Ilagan City was proclaimed as the "Corn Capital of the Philippines" for being the top corn producer among the 34 municipalities and 2 cities of the province as well as in the whole country.Forestland covers 54.37% or of Isabela's total land area of which 62% is protected forest and 38% is production forest. The best quality of timber resources in the Philippines are found in Isabela's forest. Isabela's vast forest resources are now being ecologically manage to effect sustainable forest-based resource not only for the wood working industry but to secure a balanced ecosystem. The woodwork industry continues to operate under a regulated system, particularly the making furniture using indigenous materials.Isabela has a fertile fishing ground on the Pacific Coast. The Magat Dam reservoir is utilized for fish cage operations for tilapia production for domestic markets. Another thriving industry in the province is aquaculture, sustained by inland fishing through 1,108 hectares of developed freshwater fishponds and 450 hectares of fish cage culture at Magat Dam Reservoir. Rich marine resources could be found in Isabela's coastal seaboard municipalities of Maconacon, Divilacan, Palanan, and Dinapigue.Large deposits of copper, gold, zinc and chromite, manganese and nickel have been found in Isabela. It also has extensive deposits of non-metallic minerals such as limestone, clay, marbles, guano, sand and gravel, and boulders. Indigenous energy sources such as natural gas and hydroelectric capabilities have been found to be abundant in the valley. Many of its mineral reserves have yet to be fully tapped.Solar and biomass power plants in the city of Cauayan and in the town of Alicia have started operating in 2015 to supplement the region's high energy demand. The online solar power plant in Cauayan City is capable of supplying at least 20 megawatts while the biomass power plant in Alicia can produce another 20 megawatts. Both systems provide clean and renewable energy. The P2 billion power facility established by the "Isabela Biomass Energy Corporation" (IBEC) was built to augment power supply in the Cagayan Valley region. The use of biomass as fuel makes the power plant carbon neutral and sustainable. This biomass power facility is the first in the region and is designed to provide economical source of energy as well as job opportunities to residents of the host town/city.On May 27, 2015, the service contract of the largest solar PV power plant in the country has been approved by the Department of Energy (DOE). The P7-billion worth 100 MW Solar PV project in the city of Ilagan is designed to reduce the current shortage in electricity that causes regular blackouts that results to industry closures as well as inconvenience to the consumers. The solar power facility will be constructed at a 100-hectare land at Barangay Cabannungan, several kilometers away from the city proper.Isabela is accessible by all means of transportation. Almost 180-kilometers of the Pan-Philippine Highway pass through the different towns and cities of the province. Several bus companies offer daily trips to different routes like Manila, Dagupan, Baguio and Ilocos vice versa. Public utility vans and small-time bus operators ply daily trips from Tuguegarao in Cagayan to Santiago City vice versa, while jeepneys and tricycles are commonly used as the basic mode of transportation within the province's jurisdiction.The construction of an 82-kilometer road through the protected Sierra Madre mountains is designed to open access to three coastal towns of the province. The approved budget contract of the project amounting to P1.5B, will pass through the foothills of the 359,486-hectare Northern Sierra Madre mountain ranges. The plan is to improve an old logging road used by a defunct logging company until the 1990s. It will start in Barangay Sindon Bayabo in capital city of Ilagan and will end in Barangay Dicatian in the coastal town of Divilacan. The project is set to be completed in 2021.Travel to the isolated coastal towns of Divilacan, Palanan and Maconacon is often made by boat or by plane only, making it difficult to reach the coastal towns in times of emergencies and calamities. There are no roads that links the capital city of Ilagan to the coastal areas, depriving residents of basic necessities and social services, such as health. Once completed, the road project is expected to boost the economies of the coastal areas, citing Divilacan's 119-hectares beach and freshwater areas that have lured tourists. The Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) issued Resolution No. 11, which reclassifies portions of the Sierra Madre as a special-use zone. The Agta and Dumagat in the area have also signed a memorandum of agreement with the provincial government, expressing their consent to the road project. At least 1,800 Agta and Dumagat have been staying in the park areas. But the impact of the road on the protected forest has alarmed residents who feared that the project may damage its forests and ecosystems. The project was delayed in the recent years due to concerns about the road's potential impact on the environment. The Cagayan Valley Regional Development Council required the project's proponents to study the full impact of the road on the area's biodiversity.There are five airports in the province. The Cauayan Airport is the primary airport in the province serving a trip to Manila, Palanan, and Maconacon. The other two are the Palanan Airport in Palanan and Maconacon Airport in Maconacon. The country's leading passenger airline Cebu Pacific services the Cauayan-Manila-Cauayan Route. Light planes operated by Cyclone Airways and WCC Aviation's Sky Pasada Have flights from Cauayan Domestic Airport to the community airports in Palanan and Maconacon. The province has two minor seaports, the Divilacan Port and Palanan Port in the coastal towns of Divilacan and Palanan. The trade going to the ports come primarily from major seaports in Cagayan such as Port of Aparri in Aparri, Cagayan, and Port of San Vicente and Port Irene, both in Santa Ana, Cagayan. The other two airstrips are found in Divilacan, and in Magat River Management Project Site.Isabela is one of the primary centers of education in the Cagayan Valley Region. There are several public and private educational institutions, the most notable being the Isabela State University, a government-owned and controlled public university. Its main campus is located in Echague and satellite campuses in Cauayan City, Ilagan City, Angadanan, Cabagan, Jones, Palanan (extension), Roxas, San Mariano, San Mateo and Santiago City (extension).Among the most notable higher educational institutions found in the province of Isabela are the following:Since the early 2000s, tourism has become an income-generating industry for Isabela. New hotels and resorts have opened, mostly in the cities of Ilagan, Cauayan and Santiago, and the towns of Tumauini, Gamu, Roxas, Alicia, Burgos, Ramon, San Mariano and Cordon. Top tourist attractions are the centuries-old churches; Magat Dam Tourism Complex, which houses Southeast Asia's biggest dam; Santa Victoria Caves, Pinzal Falls and Ilagan Sanctuary at Fuyot National Park; the white sand beaches in the coastal municipalities of Maconacon, Divilacan, Palanan, Dinapigue and islands of coastal Isabela; the world's biggest wooden lounge chair or "butaka" in Ilagan City; and various festival and fiestas, including the "Bambanti Festival" annually celebrated every February, and the commemoration of the birth of the province during Isabela Day every May.	[ "Rodolfo T. Albano III", "Silvestre Bello III", "Faustino G. Dy III", "Faustino Dy", "Benjamin Dy", "Faustino Dy Jr." ]
Who was the head of Isabela in 13-Dec-200513-December-2005?	December 13, 2005	{ "text": [ "Grace Padaca" ] }	L2_Q13826_P6_4	Faustino Dy Jr. is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2001 to Jun, 2004. Faustino G. Dy III is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2010 to Jun, 2019. Rodolfo T. Albano III is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2019 to Dec, 2022. Grace Padaca is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 2004 to Jun, 2010. Benjamin Dy is the head of the government of Isabela from Jun, 1992 to Jun, 2001. Faustino Dy is the head of the government of Isabela from Feb, 1988 to Jun, 1992. Silvestre Bello III is the head of the government of Isabela from Apr, 1986 to Feb, 1988.	Isabela (province)Isabela, officially the Province of Isabela (; ; ) is the second largest province in the Philippines in land area located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital and largest local government unit is the city of Ilagan. It is bordered by the provinces of Cagayan to the north, Kalinga to the northwest, Mountain Province to the central-west, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya to the southwest, Quirino and Aurora to the south, and the Philippine Sea to the east.This primarily agricultural province is the rice and corn granary of Luzon due to its plain and rolling terrain. In 2012, the province was declared as the country's top producer of corn with 1,209,524 metric tons. Isabela was also declared the second-largest rice producer in the Philippines and the Queen Province of the Philippines.Isabela is the 10th richest province in the Philippines as of 2020. The province has four trade centers in the cities of Ilagan, Cauayan, Santiago and the municipality of Roxas. One of Isabela's cities, Santiago City, is considered the fastest-growing local economy in the entire Philippines.The province was named after Isabella II, the first queen regnant of Spain. There have been proposals to change the name of the province into something that will better suit the indigenous roots of the country. However, such plans were rejected by the residents of Isabela.The province of Isabela used to be a vast rainforest where numerous indigenous ethnolinguistic groups lived. Many of the same ethnic groups still live in the province. Shell midden sites and other archaeological sites throughout the province constitute the material culture of those groups during the classical era.During the Spanish era, prior to 1856, the Cagayan Valley was divided into only two provinces: Cagayan and Nueva Vizcaya. The Province of Cagayan at that time consisted of all towns from Tumauini to Aparri in the north. All other towns from Ilagan southward to Aritao comprised the Province of the old Nueva Vizcaya. In order to facilitate the work of the Catholic missionaries in the evangelization of the Cagayan Valley, a royal decree was issued on May 1, 1856 creating the Province of Isabela consisting of the towns of Gamu, Old Angadanan (now Alicia), Bindang (now Roxas) and Camarag (now Echague), Carig (now Santiago City) and Palanan, all detached from the Province of Nueva Vizcaya; while Cabagan and Tumauini were taken from the Province of Cagayan.The province was placed under the jurisdiction of a governor with Ilagan as the capital, where it remains up to present. It was initially called "Isabela de Luzón" to differentiate from other places in the Philippines bearing the name of Isabela. The new province was named after Queen Isabella II of Spain.Although the province did not play a major role in the revolt against Spain, it is in Palanan that the final pages of the Philippine Revolution were written when United States troops, led by General Frederick Funston, finally captured General Emilio Aguinaldo in the area on March 23, 1901. Isabela was re-organized as a province under the American military government through "Act No. 210", passed August 24, 1901.The Americans built schools and other buildings and instituted changes in the overall political system. However, the province's economy remained particularly agricultural with rice replacing corn and tobacco as the dominant crop. World War II stagnated the province's economic growth but it recovered dramatically after the war. In 1942, Imperial Japanese occupied Isabela. In 1945, the liberation of Isabela commenced with the arrival of the Philippine Commonwealth troops under the Philippine Army, Constabulary, and USAFIP-NL units and recognized guerrillas attacked by the Japanese Imperial forces in World War II.A new wave of immigration began in the late 19th and 20th centuries with the arrival of the Ilokano who came in large numbers. They now constitute the largest group in the province. Other ethnic groups followed that made Isabela the "Melting Pot of the Northern Philippines".In 1975, construction began on the Magat Dam on the boundary of Ramon, Isabela with neighboring Ifugao Province, becoming a catchbasin for 8 rivers upstream in Ifugao and serving multiple functions, including: irrigating of agricultural lands; flood control; and power generation. The construction was protested by the Ifugao people due to the flooding of their ancestral lands, but the dam was eventually completed in 1982, partially funded through a loan from the World Bank.In 1995, "Republic Act 7891" was passed, legislating that Isabela be divided into two new provinces: Isabela del Norte and Isabela del Sur. A referendum was held on the same year with a slight majority voting against partitioning the province.In 2012, the capital town of Ilagan officially became a city, after the move gained 96% of the votes in the plebiscite conducted on August 11, 2012. The night after the plebiscite, Ilagan was declared as a component city of the province.Isabela comprises an aggregate land area of , representing almost 40 percent of the regional territory. It is the largest province in the island of Luzon and the second largest province in the Philippines by land area. Occupying the central section of the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon, Isabela is bordered by Cagayan to the north, Kalinga to the northwest, Mountain Province to the central-west, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya to the southwest, Quirino to the south, and Aurora to the south. To the east lies the Philippine Sea, making Isabela one of the typhoon-prone provinces in the country.The province is divided into three physiographic areas. The eastern area, straddled by the Sierra Madre mountain range, is rugged and thickly forested. A substantial portion is uncharted. These unexplored hinterlands are home to a rich variety of flora and fauna, and some are under government reservations. It is home to one of the world's largest remaining low-altitude rainforests, with numerous unknown endemic species of flora and fauna and biological diversity in the protected area known as the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park. Isabela has of Cagayan Valley’s of forest cover.The highest point of the province is located near the border with Cagayan. Mount Dos Cuernos peak has an elevation of located in San Pablo near the border with Maconacon. Other notable peaks in the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park is Mount Cresta in Divilacan with an elevation of .The western area is a fertile valley hemmed by the Central Cordillera. It is crisscrossed by the mighty Cagayan River, Siffu River, and Magat River.Mallig Plains Region is a region in the western section of the province. Its name was derived from the rolling terrains or kilometers of plain lands in western Isabela. The municipality of Roxas serves as the business center of the region. The Plains covers the municipalities of Quezon, Mallig, Quirino, Burgos, Aurora, San Manuel and Roxas.Isabela is politically subdivided into thirty four (34) municipalities, two component cities and one independent component city. The province is represented in the Philippine House of Representatives with six legislative districts.The province has ten first class municipalities, two second class cities and one first class independent component city. Ilagan City, which became a city thirteen years after its failed cityhood proposal in 1998, it is now Luzon’s largest and the country’s fourth biggest city after Davao City, Puerto Princesa and Zamboanga City by land area.The 34 municipalities and 3 cities of the province comprise 1,055 barangays, with "Rizal" in Santiago City as the most populous in 2010, and "Catalina" in Cauayan City as the least. If cities are excluded, "Bugallon Proper (Poblacion)" in Ramon has the highest population, and "Uauang-Tuliao" in Santo Tomas has the lowest.After Isabela was re-organized as a province under the American regime in 1901, its first provincial governor was Rafael Maramag, a former Municipal President and also the first Municipal President of the capital town Ilagan. He was succeeded by his brother, Gabriel. Afterwards, Isabela was ruled by the Dy family for 34 years (1969-2004). The dynasty was started by the patriarch of the family, Faustino N. Dy, Sr., who served as the Mayor of Cauayan from 1965 to 1969 and sat as the provincial governor of Isabela for 22 years (1969–1992).Around 1987,former mayor of Santiago,mayor Dodo Miranda plan to run governor of isabela but sadly he ambushed by unidentified gunman in reina mercedes.so that the reason santiago city is independent to isabela because of that incedent. He was succeeded by his son, Benjamin G. Dy, in the gubernatorial seat from 1992 to 2001. Another Dy took over the gubernatorial seat in 2001 when Faustino Dy Jr. won the 2001 elections after having served as the district representative of the 2nd Legislative District of the province from 1992 to 2001. It was only in the 2004 elections that the family's control of the gubernatorial seat ended when Grace Padaca won over Faustino Dy Jr. She was the first woman to serve as the governor of the province. After serving for six years (2004-2010), she was defeated in the 2010 National Elections by Faustino "Bojie" G. Dy III who served as governor of the province for three consecutive terms (2010-2019).On September 27, 2018, "Republic Act No. 11080", an act reapportioning the province of Isabela into six legislative districts from four, was signed into law and the reapportioned districts elected its representatives starting in the 2019 midterm elections. Accordingly, the new districts are as follows:The population of Isabela in the was people, making it the most populated province among the five provinces in Cagayan Valley (Region II). It had a density of .In 2010, Isabela had a population of 1,489,645 people: 46 percent of the 3.2 million people in the region at that time. At the national level, the province contributed 1.58 percent to the total population of 88.57 million. There were 254,928 households in the province in 2007.For all ages, the sex ratio in Isabela was about 105 with 660,627 males and 626,948 females in the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (Census 2000). There are more males than females below 50 years old.Ilocanos are the most prominent group in the province. Of the total household population, 68.71 percent classified themselves as Ilocanos, followed by the Ibanags (14.05 percent), and Tagalogs (10.02 percent). The majority ethnic group were the Ibanags, who were first seen by the Spanish explorers and converted to Christianity by missionaries, the reason why the Ibanag language had spread throughout the valley region prior to the arrival of the migrating Ilocanos. The remaining 7.22 percent are either Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, or from other ethnic groups who have assimilated into the Ibanag-Ilocano culture . More recently, a new group from the south, the Muslim Filipinos, have migrated to this province and have made a community for themselves. In addition to this, Tagalog-speaking peoples from Central Luzon (mostly from Nueva Ecija) and Southern Luzon have also settled in the area, as well as a few Pangasinans and Kapampangans from the Central Luzon.Major languages spoken are Ilocano followed by Ibanag, Yogad, and Gaddang. Ilocanos and Ibanags speak Ilocano with an Ibanag accent, as descendants of Ilocanos from first generation in Isabela who lived within Ibanag population learned Ibanag; same situation with Ilocano tinged by Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, and Itawis accents when descendants of Ilocanos from first generation in Isabela who lived within Gaddang, Paranan, Yogad, and Itawis populations learned their languages. People especially in the capital and commercial centers speak and understand English and Tagalog. Tagalogs, Ilocanos, and Ibanags speak Tagalog with an Ibanag accent, as descendants of Tagalogs from first generation in Isabela who lived within Ibanag population learned Ibanag.Roman Catholicism is the predominant faith followed by about 80% of the people. Other religions practiced are Aglipayan, United Methodist Church and various Christian churches such as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Iglesia ni Cristo,and Protestant Churches Baptist, Seventh-day Adventist, other Charismatic Christians and Jehovah's Witnesses. There are also small number of Muslims.In terms of income classification, Isabela is rated as first-class province and considered among the richest and most progressive province in the Philippines and the most progressive in Region 02 courtesy of the three key cities strategically located in the province.Strategically located at the center of Cagayan Valley region, Isabela is acknowledged to have demonstrated strengths in business and industry. Thus, it has come to be known as the "Regional Trade and Industrial Center" of north-eastern Luzon.The province of Isabela is the richest in Cagayan Valley. It is also the Top 10 Richest Province in the Philippines last 2011.The cities of Cauayan, Ilagan, Santiago and the town of Roxas are the principal commercial centers of the province. Metro Manila-based malls and fast food chains have recently opened in these key trading hubs. To date, 192 banking branches operate in the province, with most of the universal and commercial banks providing automated teller machines for the convenience of their clients.Since the start of the 21st century, a growing number of foreign and local investors have selected Isabela as site of their business ventures. Heading the list are Isabela's top investors, namely: Mindanao Grains Processing Company, Inc., SN Aboitiz Power- Magat Inc., Universal Leaf Philippines, Coca-Cola FEMSA Philippines, Inc., San Miguel Corporation, RC Cola and Pepsi Cola.In the rice industry, substantial investments have been made by Valiant Rice Mills Corporation, Family Choice Grains Processing Center, Golden Season Grains Center, Herco Agro Industries, JDT Silver Grains Center, New Cauayan Goldyluck Grains and the La Suerte Rice Mill Corporation.Retail giants like SM Prime, Robinsons and Puregold Price Club, Inc. have set up shops like Savemore, Robinsons Supermarket and Puregold, respectively. In 2014, these retail companies opened its pioneer malls in the region, the SM City Cauayan and Robinsons Place Santiago.Land transportation operators Victory Liner, Five Star Bus Company, Dalin Liner, GV Florida Transport, EMC Transportation, Inc., Solid North Transit Inc., and Northern Luzon Bus Company (NELBUSCO) have terminals and depots in the province.Leading car, motorcycle and truck manufacturers such as Honda, Toyota, Mitsubishi Motors, Isuzu Motors, Kia Motors, Nissan, Ford, Chevrolet, Suzuki, Hyundai, Mazda, Foton, Peugeot, MAN SE, Yamaha and many other companies entered the province over the past years.Telecom firms Globe, PLDT/Smart and Digitel/ Sun Cellular operate cellular sites and fixed telephony facilities throughout Isabela.Big real estate developers like Vista Land and Lifescapes, Inc. entered the province with the opening of Camella Isabela, Camella Santiago, Camella Santiago Trails and Lessandra Santiago in Santiago City, and Camella Cauayan and Lumina Isabela in Cauayan City. Vista Malls is set to launch its first high end mall in Santiago City.Agriculture is the biggest industry in Isabela. As the country's top corn producing province, it contributes 21% of the annual national yellow corn production. Asia's largest post-harvest corn processing facility, the Mindanao Grains, is located in the town of Reina Mercedes.As second highest rice-growing province nationwide, Isabela produces 15% of the aggregate national rice production on an annual basis. Being a surplus producer of the Filipinos’ staple crop, the province's rice sufficiency rate is at 224%, which means that Isabelinos produce more than they consume and are in fact responsible for supplying the rice requirements of Metro Manila and many other provinces. The unprecedented increase in palay production of Isabela made the province the "Hybrid Rice Champion" of the Philippines.High-value agricultural crops grown in Isabela include monggo, tobacco, coffee, banana, and mango. Its livestock and poultry industries are also on the rise, especially dairy processing, hog production, cattle breeding, and commercial poultry raising.Farming is highly mechanized as most of the agricultural lands are irrigated. With the presence of the Isabela State University, joint ventures and other foreign assisted projects and the Magat Dam contribute to the high productivity in agriculture. It is also the hub of trade and commerce and other economic activities due to its central location in the region. The wood industry used to be a top earner for the province but due to the logging ban imposed in the Cagayan Valley Region, activities in this industry considerably declined. However, furniture making using narra wood and other indigenous forest materials continue to exist.Isabela is one of the most progressive provinces of the Philippines having been adjudged as the most outstanding province on food security in the "Gawad Sapat Ani Awards 2000". For corn production, Isabela ranks first among the top ten corn producing provinces for cy 2004, contributing 15.70% to national production. In 2013, the Department of Agriculture declared Isabela as the "Best Corn-Quality Awardee". Ilagan City was proclaimed as the "Corn Capital of the Philippines" for being the top corn producer among the 34 municipalities and 2 cities of the province as well as in the whole country.Forestland covers 54.37% or of Isabela's total land area of which 62% is protected forest and 38% is production forest. The best quality of timber resources in the Philippines are found in Isabela's forest. Isabela's vast forest resources are now being ecologically manage to effect sustainable forest-based resource not only for the wood working industry but to secure a balanced ecosystem. The woodwork industry continues to operate under a regulated system, particularly the making furniture using indigenous materials.Isabela has a fertile fishing ground on the Pacific Coast. The Magat Dam reservoir is utilized for fish cage operations for tilapia production for domestic markets. Another thriving industry in the province is aquaculture, sustained by inland fishing through 1,108 hectares of developed freshwater fishponds and 450 hectares of fish cage culture at Magat Dam Reservoir. Rich marine resources could be found in Isabela's coastal seaboard municipalities of Maconacon, Divilacan, Palanan, and Dinapigue.Large deposits of copper, gold, zinc and chromite, manganese and nickel have been found in Isabela. It also has extensive deposits of non-metallic minerals such as limestone, clay, marbles, guano, sand and gravel, and boulders. Indigenous energy sources such as natural gas and hydroelectric capabilities have been found to be abundant in the valley. Many of its mineral reserves have yet to be fully tapped.Solar and biomass power plants in the city of Cauayan and in the town of Alicia have started operating in 2015 to supplement the region's high energy demand. The online solar power plant in Cauayan City is capable of supplying at least 20 megawatts while the biomass power plant in Alicia can produce another 20 megawatts. Both systems provide clean and renewable energy. The P2 billion power facility established by the "Isabela Biomass Energy Corporation" (IBEC) was built to augment power supply in the Cagayan Valley region. The use of biomass as fuel makes the power plant carbon neutral and sustainable. This biomass power facility is the first in the region and is designed to provide economical source of energy as well as job opportunities to residents of the host town/city.On May 27, 2015, the service contract of the largest solar PV power plant in the country has been approved by the Department of Energy (DOE). The P7-billion worth 100 MW Solar PV project in the city of Ilagan is designed to reduce the current shortage in electricity that causes regular blackouts that results to industry closures as well as inconvenience to the consumers. The solar power facility will be constructed at a 100-hectare land at Barangay Cabannungan, several kilometers away from the city proper.Isabela is accessible by all means of transportation. Almost 180-kilometers of the Pan-Philippine Highway pass through the different towns and cities of the province. Several bus companies offer daily trips to different routes like Manila, Dagupan, Baguio and Ilocos vice versa. Public utility vans and small-time bus operators ply daily trips from Tuguegarao in Cagayan to Santiago City vice versa, while jeepneys and tricycles are commonly used as the basic mode of transportation within the province's jurisdiction.The construction of an 82-kilometer road through the protected Sierra Madre mountains is designed to open access to three coastal towns of the province. The approved budget contract of the project amounting to P1.5B, will pass through the foothills of the 359,486-hectare Northern Sierra Madre mountain ranges. The plan is to improve an old logging road used by a defunct logging company until the 1990s. It will start in Barangay Sindon Bayabo in capital city of Ilagan and will end in Barangay Dicatian in the coastal town of Divilacan. The project is set to be completed in 2021.Travel to the isolated coastal towns of Divilacan, Palanan and Maconacon is often made by boat or by plane only, making it difficult to reach the coastal towns in times of emergencies and calamities. There are no roads that links the capital city of Ilagan to the coastal areas, depriving residents of basic necessities and social services, such as health. Once completed, the road project is expected to boost the economies of the coastal areas, citing Divilacan's 119-hectares beach and freshwater areas that have lured tourists. The Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) issued Resolution No. 11, which reclassifies portions of the Sierra Madre as a special-use zone. The Agta and Dumagat in the area have also signed a memorandum of agreement with the provincial government, expressing their consent to the road project. At least 1,800 Agta and Dumagat have been staying in the park areas. But the impact of the road on the protected forest has alarmed residents who feared that the project may damage its forests and ecosystems. The project was delayed in the recent years due to concerns about the road's potential impact on the environment. The Cagayan Valley Regional Development Council required the project's proponents to study the full impact of the road on the area's biodiversity.There are five airports in the province. The Cauayan Airport is the primary airport in the province serving a trip to Manila, Palanan, and Maconacon. The other two are the Palanan Airport in Palanan and Maconacon Airport in Maconacon. The country's leading passenger airline Cebu Pacific services the Cauayan-Manila-Cauayan Route. Light planes operated by Cyclone Airways and WCC Aviation's Sky Pasada Have flights from Cauayan Domestic Airport to the community airports in Palanan and Maconacon. The province has two minor seaports, the Divilacan Port and Palanan Port in the coastal towns of Divilacan and Palanan. The trade going to the ports come primarily from major seaports in Cagayan such as Port of Aparri in Aparri, Cagayan, and Port of San Vicente and Port Irene, both in Santa Ana, Cagayan. The other two airstrips are found in Divilacan, and in Magat River Management Project Site.Isabela is one of the primary centers of education in the Cagayan Valley Region. There are several public and private educational institutions, the most notable being the Isabela State University, a government-owned and controlled public university. Its main campus is located in Echague and satellite campuses in Cauayan City, Ilagan City, Angadanan, Cabagan, Jones, Palanan (extension), Roxas, San Mariano, San Mateo and Santiago City (extension).Among the most notable higher educational institutions found in the province of Isabela are the following:Since the early 2000s, tourism has become an income-generating industry for Isabela. New hotels and resorts have opened, mostly in the cities of Ilagan, Cauayan and Santiago, and the towns of Tumauini, Gamu, Roxas, Alicia, Burgos, Ramon, San Mariano and Cordon. Top tourist attractions are the centuries-old churches; Magat Dam Tourism Complex, which houses Southeast Asia's biggest dam; Santa Victoria Caves, Pinzal Falls and Ilagan Sanctuary at Fuyot National Park; the white sand beaches in the coastal municipalities of Maconacon, Divilacan, Palanan, Dinapigue and islands of coastal Isabela; the world's biggest wooden lounge chair or "butaka" in Ilagan City; and various festival and fiestas, including the "Bambanti Festival" annually celebrated every February, and the commemoration of the birth of the province during Isabela Day every May.	[ "Rodolfo T. Albano III", "Silvestre Bello III", "Faustino G. Dy III", "Faustino Dy", "Benjamin Dy", "Faustino Dy Jr." ]
Where was Nathan Rourke educated in Jan, 2016?	January 29, 2016	{ "text": [ "Fort Scott Community College", "Edgewood Academy" ] }	L2_Q89005562_P69_2	Nathan Rourke attended Fort Scott Community College from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017. Nathan Rourke attended Edgewood Academy from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2016. Nathan Rourke attended Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2015. Nathan Rourke attended Ohio University from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2020.	Nathan RourkeNathan Rourke (born May 24, 1998) is a Canadian professional football quarterback for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Ohio Bobcats.Rourke attended high school for three years at Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School in Oakville, Ontario, before transferring to Edgewood Academy in Elmore, Alabama for his senior season of high school football. He committed to play college football at Fort Scott Community College in Fort Scott, Kansas.Rourke spent one season at Fort Scott, where he was named first-team All-KJCCC. He then transferred to Ohio University, where he started at quarterback for three years for the Bobcats. Rourke led Ohio to a 25–14 overall record as a starting quarterback for the Bobcats, while leading the team to three consecutive bowl victories in the 2017 Bahamas Bowl, 2018 Frisco Bowl, and the 2020 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl (January).He was the first winner of the Jon Cornish Trophy as the top Canadian football player in the NCAA for 2017, and repeated as winner in 2018. He is the only two-time winner of the award. Rourke was ranked as the seventh-overall prospect entering the 2020 CFL Draft; after being ranked third overall in both September 2019 and December 2019. He was eventually drafted in the second round with the 15th overall pick by the BC Lions. Rourke was the highest drafted Canadian quarterback since Jesse Palmer in the 2001 CFL Draft. On May 19, 2021, Rourke signed a three-year contract with the Lions.	[ "Edgewood Academy", "Ohio University", "Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School", "Ohio University", "Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School" ]
Where was Nathan Rourke educated in 2016-01-29?	January 29, 2016	{ "text": [ "Fort Scott Community College", "Edgewood Academy" ] }	L2_Q89005562_P69_2	Nathan Rourke attended Fort Scott Community College from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017. Nathan Rourke attended Edgewood Academy from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2016. Nathan Rourke attended Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2015. Nathan Rourke attended Ohio University from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2020.	Nathan RourkeNathan Rourke (born May 24, 1998) is a Canadian professional football quarterback for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Ohio Bobcats.Rourke attended high school for three years at Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School in Oakville, Ontario, before transferring to Edgewood Academy in Elmore, Alabama for his senior season of high school football. He committed to play college football at Fort Scott Community College in Fort Scott, Kansas.Rourke spent one season at Fort Scott, where he was named first-team All-KJCCC. He then transferred to Ohio University, where he started at quarterback for three years for the Bobcats. Rourke led Ohio to a 25–14 overall record as a starting quarterback for the Bobcats, while leading the team to three consecutive bowl victories in the 2017 Bahamas Bowl, 2018 Frisco Bowl, and the 2020 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl (January).He was the first winner of the Jon Cornish Trophy as the top Canadian football player in the NCAA for 2017, and repeated as winner in 2018. He is the only two-time winner of the award. Rourke was ranked as the seventh-overall prospect entering the 2020 CFL Draft; after being ranked third overall in both September 2019 and December 2019. He was eventually drafted in the second round with the 15th overall pick by the BC Lions. Rourke was the highest drafted Canadian quarterback since Jesse Palmer in the 2001 CFL Draft. On May 19, 2021, Rourke signed a three-year contract with the Lions.	[ "Edgewood Academy", "Ohio University", "Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School", "Ohio University", "Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School" ]
Where was Nathan Rourke educated in 29/01/2016?	January 29, 2016	{ "text": [ "Fort Scott Community College", "Edgewood Academy" ] }	L2_Q89005562_P69_2	Nathan Rourke attended Fort Scott Community College from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017. Nathan Rourke attended Edgewood Academy from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2016. Nathan Rourke attended Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2015. Nathan Rourke attended Ohio University from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2020.	Nathan RourkeNathan Rourke (born May 24, 1998) is a Canadian professional football quarterback for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Ohio Bobcats.Rourke attended high school for three years at Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School in Oakville, Ontario, before transferring to Edgewood Academy in Elmore, Alabama for his senior season of high school football. He committed to play college football at Fort Scott Community College in Fort Scott, Kansas.Rourke spent one season at Fort Scott, where he was named first-team All-KJCCC. He then transferred to Ohio University, where he started at quarterback for three years for the Bobcats. Rourke led Ohio to a 25–14 overall record as a starting quarterback for the Bobcats, while leading the team to three consecutive bowl victories in the 2017 Bahamas Bowl, 2018 Frisco Bowl, and the 2020 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl (January).He was the first winner of the Jon Cornish Trophy as the top Canadian football player in the NCAA for 2017, and repeated as winner in 2018. He is the only two-time winner of the award. Rourke was ranked as the seventh-overall prospect entering the 2020 CFL Draft; after being ranked third overall in both September 2019 and December 2019. He was eventually drafted in the second round with the 15th overall pick by the BC Lions. Rourke was the highest drafted Canadian quarterback since Jesse Palmer in the 2001 CFL Draft. On May 19, 2021, Rourke signed a three-year contract with the Lions.	[ "Edgewood Academy", "Ohio University", "Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School", "Ohio University", "Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School" ]
Where was Nathan Rourke educated in Jan 29, 2016?	January 29, 2016	{ "text": [ "Fort Scott Community College", "Edgewood Academy" ] }	L2_Q89005562_P69_2	Nathan Rourke attended Fort Scott Community College from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017. Nathan Rourke attended Edgewood Academy from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2016. Nathan Rourke attended Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2015. Nathan Rourke attended Ohio University from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2020.	Nathan RourkeNathan Rourke (born May 24, 1998) is a Canadian professional football quarterback for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Ohio Bobcats.Rourke attended high school for three years at Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School in Oakville, Ontario, before transferring to Edgewood Academy in Elmore, Alabama for his senior season of high school football. He committed to play college football at Fort Scott Community College in Fort Scott, Kansas.Rourke spent one season at Fort Scott, where he was named first-team All-KJCCC. He then transferred to Ohio University, where he started at quarterback for three years for the Bobcats. Rourke led Ohio to a 25–14 overall record as a starting quarterback for the Bobcats, while leading the team to three consecutive bowl victories in the 2017 Bahamas Bowl, 2018 Frisco Bowl, and the 2020 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl (January).He was the first winner of the Jon Cornish Trophy as the top Canadian football player in the NCAA for 2017, and repeated as winner in 2018. He is the only two-time winner of the award. Rourke was ranked as the seventh-overall prospect entering the 2020 CFL Draft; after being ranked third overall in both September 2019 and December 2019. He was eventually drafted in the second round with the 15th overall pick by the BC Lions. Rourke was the highest drafted Canadian quarterback since Jesse Palmer in the 2001 CFL Draft. On May 19, 2021, Rourke signed a three-year contract with the Lions.	[ "Edgewood Academy", "Ohio University", "Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School", "Ohio University", "Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School" ]
Where was Nathan Rourke educated in 01/29/2016?	January 29, 2016	{ "text": [ "Fort Scott Community College", "Edgewood Academy" ] }	L2_Q89005562_P69_2	Nathan Rourke attended Fort Scott Community College from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017. Nathan Rourke attended Edgewood Academy from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2016. Nathan Rourke attended Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2015. Nathan Rourke attended Ohio University from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2020.	Nathan RourkeNathan Rourke (born May 24, 1998) is a Canadian professional football quarterback for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Ohio Bobcats.Rourke attended high school for three years at Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School in Oakville, Ontario, before transferring to Edgewood Academy in Elmore, Alabama for his senior season of high school football. He committed to play college football at Fort Scott Community College in Fort Scott, Kansas.Rourke spent one season at Fort Scott, where he was named first-team All-KJCCC. He then transferred to Ohio University, where he started at quarterback for three years for the Bobcats. Rourke led Ohio to a 25–14 overall record as a starting quarterback for the Bobcats, while leading the team to three consecutive bowl victories in the 2017 Bahamas Bowl, 2018 Frisco Bowl, and the 2020 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl (January).He was the first winner of the Jon Cornish Trophy as the top Canadian football player in the NCAA for 2017, and repeated as winner in 2018. He is the only two-time winner of the award. Rourke was ranked as the seventh-overall prospect entering the 2020 CFL Draft; after being ranked third overall in both September 2019 and December 2019. He was eventually drafted in the second round with the 15th overall pick by the BC Lions. Rourke was the highest drafted Canadian quarterback since Jesse Palmer in the 2001 CFL Draft. On May 19, 2021, Rourke signed a three-year contract with the Lions.	[ "Edgewood Academy", "Ohio University", "Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School", "Ohio University", "Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School" ]
Where was Nathan Rourke educated in 29-Jan-201629-January-2016?	January 29, 2016	{ "text": [ "Fort Scott Community College", "Edgewood Academy" ] }	L2_Q89005562_P69_2	Nathan Rourke attended Fort Scott Community College from Jan, 2016 to Jan, 2017. Nathan Rourke attended Edgewood Academy from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2016. Nathan Rourke attended Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2015. Nathan Rourke attended Ohio University from Jan, 2017 to Jan, 2020.	Nathan RourkeNathan Rourke (born May 24, 1998) is a Canadian professional football quarterback for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Ohio Bobcats.Rourke attended high school for three years at Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School in Oakville, Ontario, before transferring to Edgewood Academy in Elmore, Alabama for his senior season of high school football. He committed to play college football at Fort Scott Community College in Fort Scott, Kansas.Rourke spent one season at Fort Scott, where he was named first-team All-KJCCC. He then transferred to Ohio University, where he started at quarterback for three years for the Bobcats. Rourke led Ohio to a 25–14 overall record as a starting quarterback for the Bobcats, while leading the team to three consecutive bowl victories in the 2017 Bahamas Bowl, 2018 Frisco Bowl, and the 2020 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl (January).He was the first winner of the Jon Cornish Trophy as the top Canadian football player in the NCAA for 2017, and repeated as winner in 2018. He is the only two-time winner of the award. Rourke was ranked as the seventh-overall prospect entering the 2020 CFL Draft; after being ranked third overall in both September 2019 and December 2019. He was eventually drafted in the second round with the 15th overall pick by the BC Lions. Rourke was the highest drafted Canadian quarterback since Jesse Palmer in the 2001 CFL Draft. On May 19, 2021, Rourke signed a three-year contract with the Lions.	[ "Edgewood Academy", "Ohio University", "Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School", "Ohio University", "Holy Trinity Catholic Secondary School" ]
Which position did Andrei Gromyko hold in Jun, 1987?	June 26, 1987	{ "text": [ "Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR" ] }	L2_Q184267_P39_3	Andrei Gromyko holds the position of First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union from Mar, 1983 to Jul, 1985. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations from Apr, 1946 to Jan, 1948. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the United States from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1943. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from Jul, 1985 to Oct, 1988.	Andrei GromykoAndrei Andreyevich Gromyko (; ; – 2 July 1989) was a Soviet Belarusian communist politician and diplomat during the Cold War. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs (1957–1985) and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1985–1988). Gromyko was responsible for many top decisions on Soviet foreign policy until he retired in 1988. In the 1940s Western pundits called him Mr Nyet ("Mr No") or "Grim Grom", because of his frequent use of the Soviet veto in the United Nations Security Council.Gromyko's political career started in 1939 in the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs (renamed Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1946). He became the Soviet ambassador to the United States in 1943, leaving that position in 1946 to become the Soviet Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York. Upon his return to Moscow he became a Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and later First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. He went on to become the Soviet ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1952.As Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union, Gromyko was directly involved in deliberations with the Americans during the Cuban Missile Crisis and helped broker a peace treaty ending the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War. Under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev, he played a central role in the establishment of détente with the United States by negotiating the ABM Treaty, the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and the SALT I & II among others. When Brezhnev suffered a stroke in 1975 impairing his ability to govern, Gromyko effectively dictated policymaking alongside KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov and the successive Defense Ministers, Andrei Grechko and Dmitry Ustinov. Even after Brezhnev's death, Gromyko's rigid conservatism and distrust of the West continued to dominate the Soviet Union's foreign policy until Mikhail Gorbachev's rise to power in 1985.Following Gorbachev's election as General Secretary, Gromyko lost his office as foreign minister and was appointed to the largely ceremonial Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Subsequently, he retired from political life in 1988, and died the following year in Moscow.Gromyko was born to a poor "semi-peasant, semi-worker" Belarusian family in the Belarusian village of Staryye Gromyki, near Gomel on 18 July 1909. Gromyko's father, Andrei Matveyevich, worked as a seasonal worker in a local factory. Andrei Matveyevich was not a very educated man, having only attended four years of school, but knew how to read and write. He had fought in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. Gromyko's mother, Olga Yevgenyevna, came from a poor peasant family in the neighbouring city of Zhelezniki. She attended school only for a short period of time as, when her father died, she left to help her mother with the harvest.Gromyko grew up near the district town of Vetka where most of the inhabitants were devoted Old Believers in the Russian Orthodox Church. Gromyko's own village was also predominantly religious, but Gromyko started doubting the supernatural at a very early age. His first dialog on the subject was with his grandmother Marfa, who answered his inquiry about God with "Wait until you get older. Then you will understand all this much better". According to Gromyko, "Other adults said basically the same thing" when talking about religion. Gromyko's neighbour at the time, Mikhail Sjeljutov, was a freethinker and introduced Gromyko to new non-religious ideas and told Gromyko that scientists were beginning to doubt the existence of God. From the age of nine, after the Bolshevik revolution, Gromyko started reading atheist propaganda in flyers and pamphlets. At the age of thirteen Gromyko became a member of the Komsomol and held anti-religious speeches in the village with his friends as well as promoting Communist values.The news that Germany had attacked the Russian Empire in August 1914 came without warning to the local population. This was the first time, as Gromyko notes, that he felt "love for his country". His father, Andrei Matveyevich, was again conscripted into the Imperial Russian Army and would serve for three years on the southwestern front, under the leadership of General Aleksei Brusilov. Andrei Matveyevich returned home on the eve of the 1917 October Revolution in Russia.Gromyko was elected First Secretary of the local Komsomol chapter at the beginning of 1923. Following Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924, the villagers asked Gromyko what would happen in the leader's absence. Gromyko remembered a communist slogan from the heyday of the October Revolution: "The revolution was carried through by Lenin and his "helpers"." He then told the villagers that Lenin was dead but "his aides, the Party, still lived on."When he was young Gromyko's mother Olga told him that he should leave his home town to become an educated man. Gromyko followed his mother's advice and, after finishing seven years of primary school and vocational education in Gomel, he moved to Borisov to attend technical school. Gromyko became a member of the All-Union Communist Party Bolsheviks in 1931, something he had dreamed of since he learned about the "difference between a poor farmer and a landowner, a worker and a capitalist". Gromyko was voted in as secretary of his party cell at his first party conference and would use most of his weekends doing volunteer work. Gromyko received a very small stipend to live on, but still had a strong nostalgia for the days when he worked as a volunteer. It was about this time that Gromyko met his future wife, Lydia Dmitrievna Grinevich. Grinevich was the daughter of a Belarusian peasant family and came from Kamenki, a small village to the west of Minsk. She and Gromyko would have two children, Anatoly and Emiliya.After studying in Borisov for two years Gromyko was appointed principal of a secondary school in Dzerzhinsk, where he taught, supervised the school and continued his studies. One day a representative from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Byelorussia offered him an opportunity to do post-graduate work in Minsk. Gromyko traveled to Minsk for an interview with the head of the university, I.M. Borisevich, who explained that a new post-graduate program had been formed for training in economics; Gromyko's record in education and social work made him a desirable candidate. Gromyko advised Borisevich that he would have difficulty living on a meager student stipend. Borisevich assured him that on finishing the program, his salary would be at the party's top pay grade – "a decent living wage". Gromyko accepted the offer, moving his family to Minsk in 1933. Gromyko and the other post-graduates were invited to an anniversary reception at which, as recounted in Gromyko's "Memoirs":We were amazed to find ourselves treated as equals and placed at their table to enjoy what for us was a sumptuous feast. We realised then that not for nothing did the Soviet state treat its scientists well: evidently science and those who worked in it were highly regarded by the state.After that day of pleasantry, Gromyko for the first time in his life wanted to enter higher education, but without warning, Gromyko and his family were moved in 1934 to Moscow, settling in the northeastern Alexeyevsky District. In 1936, after another three years of studying economics, Gromyko became a researcher and lecturer at the Soviet Academy of Sciences. His area of expertise was the US economy, and he published several books on the subject. Gromyko assumed his new job would be a permanent one, but in 1939 he was called upon by a Central Committee Commission which selected new personnel to work in diplomacy. (The Great Purge of 1938 opened many positions in the diplomatic corps.) Gromyko recognised such familiar faces as Vyacheslav Molotov and Georgy Malenkov. A couple of days later he was transferred from the Academy of Sciences to the diplomatic service.In early 1939, Gromyko started working for the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs in Moscow. Gromyko became the Head of the Department of Americas and because of his position Gromyko met with United States ambassador to the Soviet Union Lawrence Steinhardt. Gromyko believed Steinhardt to be "totally uninterested in creating good relations between the US and the USSR" and that Steinhardt's predecessor Joseph Davies was more "colourful" and seemed "genuinely interested" in improving the relations between the two countries. Davies received the Order of Lenin for his work in trying to improve diplomatic relations between the US and the USSR. After heading the Americas department for 6 months, Gromyko was called upon by Joseph Stalin. Stalin started the conversation by telling Gromyko that he would be sent to the Soviet embassy in the United States to become second-in-command. "The Soviet Union," Stalin said, "should maintain reasonable relations with such a powerful country like the United States, especially in light of the growing fascist threat". Vyacheslav Molotov contributed with some minor modifications but mostly agreed with what Stalin had said. "How are your English skills improving?," Stalin asked, "Comrade Gromyko you should pay a visit or two to an American church and listen to their sermons. Priests usually speak correct English with good accents. Do you know that the Russian revolutionaries when they were abroad, always followed this practice to improve their skills in foreign languages?" Gromyko was quite amazed about what Stalin had just told him but he never visited an American church.Gromyko had never been abroad before and, to get to the United States, he had to travel via airplane through Romania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia to Genoa, Italy, where they boarded a ship to the United States. He later wrote in his "Memoirs" that New York City was a good example on how humans, by the "means of wealth and technology are able to create something that is totally alien to our nature". He further noticed the New York working districts which, in his own opinion, were proof of the inhumanity of capitalism and of the system's greed. Gromyko met and consulted with most of the senior officers of the United States government during his first days and succeeded Maxim Litvinov as ambassador to the United States in 1943. In his "Memoirs" Gromyko wrote fondly of President Franklin D. Roosevelt even though he believed him to be a representative of the bourgeoisie class. During his time as ambassador, Gromyko met prominent personalities such as British actor Charlie Chaplin, and British economist John Maynard Keynes.Gromyko was a Soviet delegate to the Tehran, Dumbarton Oaks, Yalta and Potsdam conferences. In 1943, the same year as the Tehran Conference, the USSR established diplomatic relations with Cuba and Gromyko was appointed the Soviet ambassador to Havana. Gromyko claimed that the accusations brought against Roosevelt by American right-wingers, that he was a socialist sympathizer, were absurd. While he started out as a member delegate Gromyko later became the head of the Soviet delegation to the San Francisco conference after Molotov's departure. When he later returned to Moscow to celebrate the Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War, Stalin commended him saying a good diplomat was "worth two or three armies at the front".Gromyko was appointed Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations (UN) in April 1946. The USSR supported the election of the first Secretary-General of the United Nations, Trygve Lie, a former Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs. However, in the opinion of Gromyko, Lie became an active supporter of the "expansionist behaviour" of the United States and its "American aggressionist" policy. Because of this political stance, Gromyko believed Lie to be a poor Secretary-General. Trygve's successor, Swede Dag Hammarskjöld also promoted what Gromyko saw as "anti-Soviet policies". U Thant, the third Secretary-General, once told Gromyko that it was close to impossible to have an objective opinion of the USSR in the Secretariat of the United Nations because the majority of secretariat members were of American ethnicity or supporters of the United States. Gromyko often used the Soviet veto power in the early days of the United Nations. So familiar was a Soviet veto in the early days of the UN that Gromyko became known as "Mr Nyet", literally meaning "Mr No". During the first 10 years of the UN, the Soviet Union used its veto 79 times. In the same period, the Republic of China used the veto once, France twice and the others not at all. On May 14, 1947, Gromyko advocated the one-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and the two-state solution as the second best option in the case that "relations between the Jewish and Arab populations of Palestine... proved to be so bad that it would be impossible to reconcile them".Gromyko was appointed Soviet ambassador to the United Kingdom at a June 1952 meeting with Joseph Stalin in the Kremlin. Stalin paced back and forth as normal, telling Gromyko about the importance of his new office, and saying "The United Kingdom now has the opportunity to play a greater role in international politics. But it is not clear in which direction the British government with their great diplomatic experience will steer their efforts [...] This is why we need people who understand their way of thinking". Gromyko met with Winston Churchill in 1952 not to talk about current politics but nostalgically about World War II. Gromyko met Churchill again in 1953 to talk about their experiences during World War II before returning to Russia when he was appointed Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs.During his initial days as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Andrei Gromyko devoted most of his time battling the International Department (ID) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) under Boris Ponomarev. Ponomarev advocated an expanded role for the ID in Soviet foreign relations but Gromyko flatly refused. A top Soviet official, Valentin Falin, said the ID "interfered in the activities" of Gromyko and his ministry countless times. Gromyko disliked both Ponomarev and the power sharing between the ID and the foreign ministry. However, even in the midst of such political infighting, Gromyko presided over many key junctures in the Soviet Union's diplomacy throughout his tenure as Foreign Minister.One of his first tests as his country's chief diplomat came in 1958 when he addressed Mao Zedong's request for the Soviet Union to back his planned war with the Republic of China (Taiwan). During their discussions, Mao flabbergasted Gromyko by telling him that he was willing to sacrifice the lives of "300 million people" to bring about the Republic of China's annexation. Gromyko affirmed to Mao that his proposal would never get the approval of the Soviet leadership. Upon learning of this discussion, Moscow terminated the Soviet-Chinese nuclear program along with various industrialization projects in the People's Republic of China. Years later during the Cuban Missile Crisis, Gromyko met John F. Kennedy, then President of the United States, while acting under instructions from the current Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev. In his "Memoirs", Gromyko wrote that Kennedy seemed out of touch when he first met him, and was more ideologically driven than practical. In a 1988 interview, he further described Kennedy as nervous and prone to making contradictory statements involving American intentions towards Cuba. Gromyko, in addition to John F. Kennedy, held important political discussions with Dean Rusk, a former United States Secretary of State, in regards to the Cuban Missile Crisis. He defended his nations actions, stating that the Soviet Union had every right to be present in Cuba, especially considering the fact that the USA had established their own missiles in Turkey (Jupiter intermediate-range ballistic missiles). To Gromyko it seemed ironical, the Soviet Union was blamed for their presence in Cuba, yet America had established countless of foreign military bases worldwide. After several negotiations, Gromyko mentioned: "By Rusk's behavior it was possible to observe how painfully the American leaders are suffering the fact that the Soviet Union decisively has stood on the side of Cuba...", showcasing Rusk's weak character, as stated in Gromyko's Telegram.Later, under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev, Gromyko played a key role in the establishment of détente, a new phase of Soviet-American relations characterized by a significant reduction of tensions which lasted until 1979. In furtherance of this new arrangement, he oversaw the signing of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on 1 July 1968, the ABM and SALT I treaties in 1972, and the Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War in 1973. During his twenty-eight years as Minister of Foreign Affairs Gromyko supported the policy of disarmament, stating in his "Memoirs" that "Disarmament is the ideal of Socialism".Throughout his career, Gromyko explicitly promoted the idea that no important international agreement could be reached without the Soviet Union's involvement. Towards this end, one accomplishment he took particular pride in was the signing of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty whose negotiation could be traced back to 1958. Additionally, in 1966, Gromyko and Alexei Kosygin persuaded both Pakistan and India to sign the Tashkent Declaration, a peace treaty in the aftermath of the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965. Later in the same year, he engaged in a dialogue with Pope Paul VI, as part of the pontiff's ostpolitik that resulted in greater openness for the Roman Catholic Church in Eastern Europe despite heavy persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union itself.In 1973, Gromyko was promoted to a full voting member of the Politburo, the Soviet Union's highest decision-making body. Upon reaching the peak of his power and influence, Gromyko's approach to diplomacy began to suffer from the same qualities that underpinned his early career. His exceptional memory and confidence in his experience now made him inflexible, unimaginative and devoid of a long-term vision for his country. By the time Andropov and Chernenko rose to the Soviet leadership, Gromyko frequently found himself advocating a harder line than his superiors.When Brezhnev's ability to govern was impaired following a stroke in 1975, Gromyko effectively dominated Soviet policymaking alongside KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov, Defense Minister Marshal Andrei Grechko, and Grechko's successor, Marshal Dmitry Ustinov, for the rest of Brezhnev's rule. After Brezhnev's death in 1982, Andropov was voted in as General Secretary by the Politburo. Immediately after his appointment, Andropov asked Gromyko if he wanted to take over Brezhnev's old office of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. However, Gromyko turned down Andropov's offer, believing Andropov would eventually take the office for himself.Ever since being appointed Foreign Minister in February 1957, Gromyko never challenged the authority of those elected to lead the Soviet Union by the Central Committee. However, this changed when the ailing Konstantin Chernenko rose to become the country's de jure ruler. Unimpressed by the new leader's feeble gasp of foreign relations and weak standing in the Politburo, Gromyko aggressively asserted control over Soviet diplomacy to the point of regularly interrupting and contradicting Chernenko in front of other world leaders. Thus, despite Chernenko's interest in reviving détente, the longtime Foreign Minister's distrust of the West rendered any relaxation of tensions impossible.After Chernenko's death in 1985, Gromyko nominated Mikhail Gorbachev for the General Secretary on 11 March 1985. In supporting Gorbachev, Gromyko knew that the influence he carried would be strong. Upon being elected, Gorbachev relieved Gromyko as foreign minister and replaced him with Eduard Shevardnadze. Subsequently, he was appointed to the largely honorary position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.Gromyko held the office of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, literally head of state, which was largely ceremonial, and his influence in ruling circles diminished. A number of First World journalists believed Gromyko was uncomfortable with many of Gorbachev's reforms, however, in his "Memoirs" Gromyko wrote fondly of Gorbachev and the policy of perestroika. Gromyko believed that perestroika was about working for the construction of a socialist society and saw glasnost and perestroika as an attempt at making the USSR more democratic.During a party conference in July 1988 Vladimir Melnikov called for Gromyko's resignation. Melnikov blamed Brezhnev for the economic and political stagnation that had hit the Soviet Union and, seeing that Gromyko, as a prominent member of the Brezhnev leadership, was one of the men who had led the USSR into the crisis. Gromyko was promptly defended as "a man respected by the people" in a note by an anonymous delegate. After discussing it with his wife Gromyko decided to leave Soviet politics for good. Gromyko recounts in his "Memoirs" that before he made it official he told Gorbachev that he wished to resign. The following day, 1 October 1988, Gromyko sat beside Gorbachev, Yegor Ligachev and Nikolai Ryzhkov in the Supreme Soviet to make his resignation official:Such moments in life are just as memorable as when one is appointed to prominent positions. When my comrades took farewell to me, I was equally moved as I had ever been when I was given an important office. What I thought most about was that I had finished my duties towards the people, the Party and the state. This memory is very precious to me.Gorbachev succeeded Gromyko in office as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. After his resignation Gorbachev praised Gromyko for his half-century of service to USSR. Critics, such as Alexander Belonogov, the Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations, claimed Gromyko's foreign policy was permeated with "a spirit of intolerance and confrontation".After retiring from active politics in 1989 Gromyko started working on his memoirs. Gromyko died on 2 July 1989, days before what would have been his 80th birthday, after being hospitalised for a vascular problem that was not further identified. His death was followed by a minute of silence at the Congress of People's Deputies to commemorate him. The Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS), the central news organ in the USSR, called him one of the country's most "prominent leaders". President of the United States George H. W. Bush sent his condolences to Gromyko's son, Anatoly. Gromyko was offered a grave in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, but at the request of his family he was not buried near the Moscow Kremlin Wall but instead at the Novodevichy Cemetery.Having been a person of considerable stature during his life Gromyko held an unusual combination of personal characteristics. Some were impressed by his diplomatic skills, while others called Gromyko mundane and boring. An article written in 1981 in "The Times" said, "He is one of the most active and efficient members of the Soviet leadership. A man with an excellent memory, a keen intellect and extraordinary endurance [...] Maybe Andrey is the most informed Minister for Foreign affairs in the world". Gromyko's dour demeanour was shown clearly during his first term in Washington and echoed throughout his tenure as Soviet foreign minister. Ambassador Charles W. Yost, who worked with Gromyko at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, the UN founding conference, and at the United Nations, recalled that the "humorless" Soviet ambassador "looked as though he was sucking a lemon."There is a story that Gromyko was leaving a Washington hotel one morning and was asked by a reporter; "Minister Gromyko, did you enjoy your breakfast today?" His response was "Perhaps."During his twenty-eight years as minister of foreign affairs Gromyko became the "number-one" on international diplomacy at home, renowned by his peers to be consumed by his work. Henry Kissinger once said "If you can face Gromyko for one hour and survive, then you can begin to call yourself a diplomat". Gromyko's work influenced Soviet and Russian ambassadors such as Anatoly Dobrynin. Mash Lewis and Gregory Elliott described Gromyko's main characteristic as his "complete identification with the interest of the state and his faithful service to it". According to historians Gregory Elliot and Moshe Lewin this could help explain his so-called "boring" personality and the mastery of his own ego. West German politician Egon Bahr, when commenting on Gromyko's memoirs, said;He has concealed a veritable treasure-trove from future generations and taken to the grave with him an inestimable knowledge of international connection between the historical events and major figures of his time, which only he could offer. What a pity that this very man proved incapable to the very end of evoking his experience. As a faithful servant of the state, he believed that he should restrict himself to a sober, concise presentation of the bare essentials.On 18 July 2009, Belarus marked the 100th anniversary of Gromyko's birth with nationwide celebrations. In the city of his birth many people laid flowers in front of his bust. A ceremony was held attended by his son and daughter, Anatoly and Emiliya. Several exhibitions were opened and dedicated to his honour and a school and a street in Gomel were renamed in honour of him.	[ "Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations", "First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union", "ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the United States" ]
Which position did Andrei Gromyko hold in 1987-06-26?	June 26, 1987	{ "text": [ "Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR" ] }	L2_Q184267_P39_3	Andrei Gromyko holds the position of First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union from Mar, 1983 to Jul, 1985. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations from Apr, 1946 to Jan, 1948. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the United States from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1943. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from Jul, 1985 to Oct, 1988.	Andrei GromykoAndrei Andreyevich Gromyko (; ; – 2 July 1989) was a Soviet Belarusian communist politician and diplomat during the Cold War. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs (1957–1985) and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1985–1988). Gromyko was responsible for many top decisions on Soviet foreign policy until he retired in 1988. In the 1940s Western pundits called him Mr Nyet ("Mr No") or "Grim Grom", because of his frequent use of the Soviet veto in the United Nations Security Council.Gromyko's political career started in 1939 in the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs (renamed Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1946). He became the Soviet ambassador to the United States in 1943, leaving that position in 1946 to become the Soviet Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York. Upon his return to Moscow he became a Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and later First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. He went on to become the Soviet ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1952.As Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union, Gromyko was directly involved in deliberations with the Americans during the Cuban Missile Crisis and helped broker a peace treaty ending the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War. Under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev, he played a central role in the establishment of détente with the United States by negotiating the ABM Treaty, the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and the SALT I & II among others. When Brezhnev suffered a stroke in 1975 impairing his ability to govern, Gromyko effectively dictated policymaking alongside KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov and the successive Defense Ministers, Andrei Grechko and Dmitry Ustinov. Even after Brezhnev's death, Gromyko's rigid conservatism and distrust of the West continued to dominate the Soviet Union's foreign policy until Mikhail Gorbachev's rise to power in 1985.Following Gorbachev's election as General Secretary, Gromyko lost his office as foreign minister and was appointed to the largely ceremonial Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Subsequently, he retired from political life in 1988, and died the following year in Moscow.Gromyko was born to a poor "semi-peasant, semi-worker" Belarusian family in the Belarusian village of Staryye Gromyki, near Gomel on 18 July 1909. Gromyko's father, Andrei Matveyevich, worked as a seasonal worker in a local factory. Andrei Matveyevich was not a very educated man, having only attended four years of school, but knew how to read and write. He had fought in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. Gromyko's mother, Olga Yevgenyevna, came from a poor peasant family in the neighbouring city of Zhelezniki. She attended school only for a short period of time as, when her father died, she left to help her mother with the harvest.Gromyko grew up near the district town of Vetka where most of the inhabitants were devoted Old Believers in the Russian Orthodox Church. Gromyko's own village was also predominantly religious, but Gromyko started doubting the supernatural at a very early age. His first dialog on the subject was with his grandmother Marfa, who answered his inquiry about God with "Wait until you get older. Then you will understand all this much better". According to Gromyko, "Other adults said basically the same thing" when talking about religion. Gromyko's neighbour at the time, Mikhail Sjeljutov, was a freethinker and introduced Gromyko to new non-religious ideas and told Gromyko that scientists were beginning to doubt the existence of God. From the age of nine, after the Bolshevik revolution, Gromyko started reading atheist propaganda in flyers and pamphlets. At the age of thirteen Gromyko became a member of the Komsomol and held anti-religious speeches in the village with his friends as well as promoting Communist values.The news that Germany had attacked the Russian Empire in August 1914 came without warning to the local population. This was the first time, as Gromyko notes, that he felt "love for his country". His father, Andrei Matveyevich, was again conscripted into the Imperial Russian Army and would serve for three years on the southwestern front, under the leadership of General Aleksei Brusilov. Andrei Matveyevich returned home on the eve of the 1917 October Revolution in Russia.Gromyko was elected First Secretary of the local Komsomol chapter at the beginning of 1923. Following Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924, the villagers asked Gromyko what would happen in the leader's absence. Gromyko remembered a communist slogan from the heyday of the October Revolution: "The revolution was carried through by Lenin and his "helpers"." He then told the villagers that Lenin was dead but "his aides, the Party, still lived on."When he was young Gromyko's mother Olga told him that he should leave his home town to become an educated man. Gromyko followed his mother's advice and, after finishing seven years of primary school and vocational education in Gomel, he moved to Borisov to attend technical school. Gromyko became a member of the All-Union Communist Party Bolsheviks in 1931, something he had dreamed of since he learned about the "difference between a poor farmer and a landowner, a worker and a capitalist". Gromyko was voted in as secretary of his party cell at his first party conference and would use most of his weekends doing volunteer work. Gromyko received a very small stipend to live on, but still had a strong nostalgia for the days when he worked as a volunteer. It was about this time that Gromyko met his future wife, Lydia Dmitrievna Grinevich. Grinevich was the daughter of a Belarusian peasant family and came from Kamenki, a small village to the west of Minsk. She and Gromyko would have two children, Anatoly and Emiliya.After studying in Borisov for two years Gromyko was appointed principal of a secondary school in Dzerzhinsk, where he taught, supervised the school and continued his studies. One day a representative from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Byelorussia offered him an opportunity to do post-graduate work in Minsk. Gromyko traveled to Minsk for an interview with the head of the university, I.M. Borisevich, who explained that a new post-graduate program had been formed for training in economics; Gromyko's record in education and social work made him a desirable candidate. Gromyko advised Borisevich that he would have difficulty living on a meager student stipend. Borisevich assured him that on finishing the program, his salary would be at the party's top pay grade – "a decent living wage". Gromyko accepted the offer, moving his family to Minsk in 1933. Gromyko and the other post-graduates were invited to an anniversary reception at which, as recounted in Gromyko's "Memoirs":We were amazed to find ourselves treated as equals and placed at their table to enjoy what for us was a sumptuous feast. We realised then that not for nothing did the Soviet state treat its scientists well: evidently science and those who worked in it were highly regarded by the state.After that day of pleasantry, Gromyko for the first time in his life wanted to enter higher education, but without warning, Gromyko and his family were moved in 1934 to Moscow, settling in the northeastern Alexeyevsky District. In 1936, after another three years of studying economics, Gromyko became a researcher and lecturer at the Soviet Academy of Sciences. His area of expertise was the US economy, and he published several books on the subject. Gromyko assumed his new job would be a permanent one, but in 1939 he was called upon by a Central Committee Commission which selected new personnel to work in diplomacy. (The Great Purge of 1938 opened many positions in the diplomatic corps.) Gromyko recognised such familiar faces as Vyacheslav Molotov and Georgy Malenkov. A couple of days later he was transferred from the Academy of Sciences to the diplomatic service.In early 1939, Gromyko started working for the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs in Moscow. Gromyko became the Head of the Department of Americas and because of his position Gromyko met with United States ambassador to the Soviet Union Lawrence Steinhardt. Gromyko believed Steinhardt to be "totally uninterested in creating good relations between the US and the USSR" and that Steinhardt's predecessor Joseph Davies was more "colourful" and seemed "genuinely interested" in improving the relations between the two countries. Davies received the Order of Lenin for his work in trying to improve diplomatic relations between the US and the USSR. After heading the Americas department for 6 months, Gromyko was called upon by Joseph Stalin. Stalin started the conversation by telling Gromyko that he would be sent to the Soviet embassy in the United States to become second-in-command. "The Soviet Union," Stalin said, "should maintain reasonable relations with such a powerful country like the United States, especially in light of the growing fascist threat". Vyacheslav Molotov contributed with some minor modifications but mostly agreed with what Stalin had said. "How are your English skills improving?," Stalin asked, "Comrade Gromyko you should pay a visit or two to an American church and listen to their sermons. Priests usually speak correct English with good accents. Do you know that the Russian revolutionaries when they were abroad, always followed this practice to improve their skills in foreign languages?" Gromyko was quite amazed about what Stalin had just told him but he never visited an American church.Gromyko had never been abroad before and, to get to the United States, he had to travel via airplane through Romania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia to Genoa, Italy, where they boarded a ship to the United States. He later wrote in his "Memoirs" that New York City was a good example on how humans, by the "means of wealth and technology are able to create something that is totally alien to our nature". He further noticed the New York working districts which, in his own opinion, were proof of the inhumanity of capitalism and of the system's greed. Gromyko met and consulted with most of the senior officers of the United States government during his first days and succeeded Maxim Litvinov as ambassador to the United States in 1943. In his "Memoirs" Gromyko wrote fondly of President Franklin D. Roosevelt even though he believed him to be a representative of the bourgeoisie class. During his time as ambassador, Gromyko met prominent personalities such as British actor Charlie Chaplin, and British economist John Maynard Keynes.Gromyko was a Soviet delegate to the Tehran, Dumbarton Oaks, Yalta and Potsdam conferences. In 1943, the same year as the Tehran Conference, the USSR established diplomatic relations with Cuba and Gromyko was appointed the Soviet ambassador to Havana. Gromyko claimed that the accusations brought against Roosevelt by American right-wingers, that he was a socialist sympathizer, were absurd. While he started out as a member delegate Gromyko later became the head of the Soviet delegation to the San Francisco conference after Molotov's departure. When he later returned to Moscow to celebrate the Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War, Stalin commended him saying a good diplomat was "worth two or three armies at the front".Gromyko was appointed Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations (UN) in April 1946. The USSR supported the election of the first Secretary-General of the United Nations, Trygve Lie, a former Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs. However, in the opinion of Gromyko, Lie became an active supporter of the "expansionist behaviour" of the United States and its "American aggressionist" policy. Because of this political stance, Gromyko believed Lie to be a poor Secretary-General. Trygve's successor, Swede Dag Hammarskjöld also promoted what Gromyko saw as "anti-Soviet policies". U Thant, the third Secretary-General, once told Gromyko that it was close to impossible to have an objective opinion of the USSR in the Secretariat of the United Nations because the majority of secretariat members were of American ethnicity or supporters of the United States. Gromyko often used the Soviet veto power in the early days of the United Nations. So familiar was a Soviet veto in the early days of the UN that Gromyko became known as "Mr Nyet", literally meaning "Mr No". During the first 10 years of the UN, the Soviet Union used its veto 79 times. In the same period, the Republic of China used the veto once, France twice and the others not at all. On May 14, 1947, Gromyko advocated the one-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and the two-state solution as the second best option in the case that "relations between the Jewish and Arab populations of Palestine... proved to be so bad that it would be impossible to reconcile them".Gromyko was appointed Soviet ambassador to the United Kingdom at a June 1952 meeting with Joseph Stalin in the Kremlin. Stalin paced back and forth as normal, telling Gromyko about the importance of his new office, and saying "The United Kingdom now has the opportunity to play a greater role in international politics. But it is not clear in which direction the British government with their great diplomatic experience will steer their efforts [...] This is why we need people who understand their way of thinking". Gromyko met with Winston Churchill in 1952 not to talk about current politics but nostalgically about World War II. Gromyko met Churchill again in 1953 to talk about their experiences during World War II before returning to Russia when he was appointed Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs.During his initial days as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Andrei Gromyko devoted most of his time battling the International Department (ID) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) under Boris Ponomarev. Ponomarev advocated an expanded role for the ID in Soviet foreign relations but Gromyko flatly refused. A top Soviet official, Valentin Falin, said the ID "interfered in the activities" of Gromyko and his ministry countless times. Gromyko disliked both Ponomarev and the power sharing between the ID and the foreign ministry. However, even in the midst of such political infighting, Gromyko presided over many key junctures in the Soviet Union's diplomacy throughout his tenure as Foreign Minister.One of his first tests as his country's chief diplomat came in 1958 when he addressed Mao Zedong's request for the Soviet Union to back his planned war with the Republic of China (Taiwan). During their discussions, Mao flabbergasted Gromyko by telling him that he was willing to sacrifice the lives of "300 million people" to bring about the Republic of China's annexation. Gromyko affirmed to Mao that his proposal would never get the approval of the Soviet leadership. Upon learning of this discussion, Moscow terminated the Soviet-Chinese nuclear program along with various industrialization projects in the People's Republic of China. Years later during the Cuban Missile Crisis, Gromyko met John F. Kennedy, then President of the United States, while acting under instructions from the current Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev. In his "Memoirs", Gromyko wrote that Kennedy seemed out of touch when he first met him, and was more ideologically driven than practical. In a 1988 interview, he further described Kennedy as nervous and prone to making contradictory statements involving American intentions towards Cuba. Gromyko, in addition to John F. Kennedy, held important political discussions with Dean Rusk, a former United States Secretary of State, in regards to the Cuban Missile Crisis. He defended his nations actions, stating that the Soviet Union had every right to be present in Cuba, especially considering the fact that the USA had established their own missiles in Turkey (Jupiter intermediate-range ballistic missiles). To Gromyko it seemed ironical, the Soviet Union was blamed for their presence in Cuba, yet America had established countless of foreign military bases worldwide. After several negotiations, Gromyko mentioned: "By Rusk's behavior it was possible to observe how painfully the American leaders are suffering the fact that the Soviet Union decisively has stood on the side of Cuba...", showcasing Rusk's weak character, as stated in Gromyko's Telegram.Later, under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev, Gromyko played a key role in the establishment of détente, a new phase of Soviet-American relations characterized by a significant reduction of tensions which lasted until 1979. In furtherance of this new arrangement, he oversaw the signing of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on 1 July 1968, the ABM and SALT I treaties in 1972, and the Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War in 1973. During his twenty-eight years as Minister of Foreign Affairs Gromyko supported the policy of disarmament, stating in his "Memoirs" that "Disarmament is the ideal of Socialism".Throughout his career, Gromyko explicitly promoted the idea that no important international agreement could be reached without the Soviet Union's involvement. Towards this end, one accomplishment he took particular pride in was the signing of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty whose negotiation could be traced back to 1958. Additionally, in 1966, Gromyko and Alexei Kosygin persuaded both Pakistan and India to sign the Tashkent Declaration, a peace treaty in the aftermath of the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965. Later in the same year, he engaged in a dialogue with Pope Paul VI, as part of the pontiff's ostpolitik that resulted in greater openness for the Roman Catholic Church in Eastern Europe despite heavy persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union itself.In 1973, Gromyko was promoted to a full voting member of the Politburo, the Soviet Union's highest decision-making body. Upon reaching the peak of his power and influence, Gromyko's approach to diplomacy began to suffer from the same qualities that underpinned his early career. His exceptional memory and confidence in his experience now made him inflexible, unimaginative and devoid of a long-term vision for his country. By the time Andropov and Chernenko rose to the Soviet leadership, Gromyko frequently found himself advocating a harder line than his superiors.When Brezhnev's ability to govern was impaired following a stroke in 1975, Gromyko effectively dominated Soviet policymaking alongside KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov, Defense Minister Marshal Andrei Grechko, and Grechko's successor, Marshal Dmitry Ustinov, for the rest of Brezhnev's rule. After Brezhnev's death in 1982, Andropov was voted in as General Secretary by the Politburo. Immediately after his appointment, Andropov asked Gromyko if he wanted to take over Brezhnev's old office of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. However, Gromyko turned down Andropov's offer, believing Andropov would eventually take the office for himself.Ever since being appointed Foreign Minister in February 1957, Gromyko never challenged the authority of those elected to lead the Soviet Union by the Central Committee. However, this changed when the ailing Konstantin Chernenko rose to become the country's de jure ruler. Unimpressed by the new leader's feeble gasp of foreign relations and weak standing in the Politburo, Gromyko aggressively asserted control over Soviet diplomacy to the point of regularly interrupting and contradicting Chernenko in front of other world leaders. Thus, despite Chernenko's interest in reviving détente, the longtime Foreign Minister's distrust of the West rendered any relaxation of tensions impossible.After Chernenko's death in 1985, Gromyko nominated Mikhail Gorbachev for the General Secretary on 11 March 1985. In supporting Gorbachev, Gromyko knew that the influence he carried would be strong. Upon being elected, Gorbachev relieved Gromyko as foreign minister and replaced him with Eduard Shevardnadze. Subsequently, he was appointed to the largely honorary position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.Gromyko held the office of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, literally head of state, which was largely ceremonial, and his influence in ruling circles diminished. A number of First World journalists believed Gromyko was uncomfortable with many of Gorbachev's reforms, however, in his "Memoirs" Gromyko wrote fondly of Gorbachev and the policy of perestroika. Gromyko believed that perestroika was about working for the construction of a socialist society and saw glasnost and perestroika as an attempt at making the USSR more democratic.During a party conference in July 1988 Vladimir Melnikov called for Gromyko's resignation. Melnikov blamed Brezhnev for the economic and political stagnation that had hit the Soviet Union and, seeing that Gromyko, as a prominent member of the Brezhnev leadership, was one of the men who had led the USSR into the crisis. Gromyko was promptly defended as "a man respected by the people" in a note by an anonymous delegate. After discussing it with his wife Gromyko decided to leave Soviet politics for good. Gromyko recounts in his "Memoirs" that before he made it official he told Gorbachev that he wished to resign. The following day, 1 October 1988, Gromyko sat beside Gorbachev, Yegor Ligachev and Nikolai Ryzhkov in the Supreme Soviet to make his resignation official:Such moments in life are just as memorable as when one is appointed to prominent positions. When my comrades took farewell to me, I was equally moved as I had ever been when I was given an important office. What I thought most about was that I had finished my duties towards the people, the Party and the state. This memory is very precious to me.Gorbachev succeeded Gromyko in office as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. After his resignation Gorbachev praised Gromyko for his half-century of service to USSR. Critics, such as Alexander Belonogov, the Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations, claimed Gromyko's foreign policy was permeated with "a spirit of intolerance and confrontation".After retiring from active politics in 1989 Gromyko started working on his memoirs. Gromyko died on 2 July 1989, days before what would have been his 80th birthday, after being hospitalised for a vascular problem that was not further identified. His death was followed by a minute of silence at the Congress of People's Deputies to commemorate him. The Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS), the central news organ in the USSR, called him one of the country's most "prominent leaders". President of the United States George H. W. Bush sent his condolences to Gromyko's son, Anatoly. Gromyko was offered a grave in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, but at the request of his family he was not buried near the Moscow Kremlin Wall but instead at the Novodevichy Cemetery.Having been a person of considerable stature during his life Gromyko held an unusual combination of personal characteristics. Some were impressed by his diplomatic skills, while others called Gromyko mundane and boring. An article written in 1981 in "The Times" said, "He is one of the most active and efficient members of the Soviet leadership. A man with an excellent memory, a keen intellect and extraordinary endurance [...] Maybe Andrey is the most informed Minister for Foreign affairs in the world". Gromyko's dour demeanour was shown clearly during his first term in Washington and echoed throughout his tenure as Soviet foreign minister. Ambassador Charles W. Yost, who worked with Gromyko at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, the UN founding conference, and at the United Nations, recalled that the "humorless" Soviet ambassador "looked as though he was sucking a lemon."There is a story that Gromyko was leaving a Washington hotel one morning and was asked by a reporter; "Minister Gromyko, did you enjoy your breakfast today?" His response was "Perhaps."During his twenty-eight years as minister of foreign affairs Gromyko became the "number-one" on international diplomacy at home, renowned by his peers to be consumed by his work. Henry Kissinger once said "If you can face Gromyko for one hour and survive, then you can begin to call yourself a diplomat". Gromyko's work influenced Soviet and Russian ambassadors such as Anatoly Dobrynin. Mash Lewis and Gregory Elliott described Gromyko's main characteristic as his "complete identification with the interest of the state and his faithful service to it". According to historians Gregory Elliot and Moshe Lewin this could help explain his so-called "boring" personality and the mastery of his own ego. West German politician Egon Bahr, when commenting on Gromyko's memoirs, said;He has concealed a veritable treasure-trove from future generations and taken to the grave with him an inestimable knowledge of international connection between the historical events and major figures of his time, which only he could offer. What a pity that this very man proved incapable to the very end of evoking his experience. As a faithful servant of the state, he believed that he should restrict himself to a sober, concise presentation of the bare essentials.On 18 July 2009, Belarus marked the 100th anniversary of Gromyko's birth with nationwide celebrations. In the city of his birth many people laid flowers in front of his bust. A ceremony was held attended by his son and daughter, Anatoly and Emiliya. Several exhibitions were opened and dedicated to his honour and a school and a street in Gomel were renamed in honour of him.	[ "Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations", "First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union", "ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the United States" ]
Which position did Andrei Gromyko hold in 26/06/1987?	June 26, 1987	{ "text": [ "Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR" ] }	L2_Q184267_P39_3	Andrei Gromyko holds the position of First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union from Mar, 1983 to Jul, 1985. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations from Apr, 1946 to Jan, 1948. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the United States from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1943. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from Jul, 1985 to Oct, 1988.	Andrei GromykoAndrei Andreyevich Gromyko (; ; – 2 July 1989) was a Soviet Belarusian communist politician and diplomat during the Cold War. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs (1957–1985) and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1985–1988). Gromyko was responsible for many top decisions on Soviet foreign policy until he retired in 1988. In the 1940s Western pundits called him Mr Nyet ("Mr No") or "Grim Grom", because of his frequent use of the Soviet veto in the United Nations Security Council.Gromyko's political career started in 1939 in the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs (renamed Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1946). He became the Soviet ambassador to the United States in 1943, leaving that position in 1946 to become the Soviet Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York. Upon his return to Moscow he became a Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and later First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. He went on to become the Soviet ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1952.As Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union, Gromyko was directly involved in deliberations with the Americans during the Cuban Missile Crisis and helped broker a peace treaty ending the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War. Under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev, he played a central role in the establishment of détente with the United States by negotiating the ABM Treaty, the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and the SALT I & II among others. When Brezhnev suffered a stroke in 1975 impairing his ability to govern, Gromyko effectively dictated policymaking alongside KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov and the successive Defense Ministers, Andrei Grechko and Dmitry Ustinov. Even after Brezhnev's death, Gromyko's rigid conservatism and distrust of the West continued to dominate the Soviet Union's foreign policy until Mikhail Gorbachev's rise to power in 1985.Following Gorbachev's election as General Secretary, Gromyko lost his office as foreign minister and was appointed to the largely ceremonial Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Subsequently, he retired from political life in 1988, and died the following year in Moscow.Gromyko was born to a poor "semi-peasant, semi-worker" Belarusian family in the Belarusian village of Staryye Gromyki, near Gomel on 18 July 1909. Gromyko's father, Andrei Matveyevich, worked as a seasonal worker in a local factory. Andrei Matveyevich was not a very educated man, having only attended four years of school, but knew how to read and write. He had fought in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. Gromyko's mother, Olga Yevgenyevna, came from a poor peasant family in the neighbouring city of Zhelezniki. She attended school only for a short period of time as, when her father died, she left to help her mother with the harvest.Gromyko grew up near the district town of Vetka where most of the inhabitants were devoted Old Believers in the Russian Orthodox Church. Gromyko's own village was also predominantly religious, but Gromyko started doubting the supernatural at a very early age. His first dialog on the subject was with his grandmother Marfa, who answered his inquiry about God with "Wait until you get older. Then you will understand all this much better". According to Gromyko, "Other adults said basically the same thing" when talking about religion. Gromyko's neighbour at the time, Mikhail Sjeljutov, was a freethinker and introduced Gromyko to new non-religious ideas and told Gromyko that scientists were beginning to doubt the existence of God. From the age of nine, after the Bolshevik revolution, Gromyko started reading atheist propaganda in flyers and pamphlets. At the age of thirteen Gromyko became a member of the Komsomol and held anti-religious speeches in the village with his friends as well as promoting Communist values.The news that Germany had attacked the Russian Empire in August 1914 came without warning to the local population. This was the first time, as Gromyko notes, that he felt "love for his country". His father, Andrei Matveyevich, was again conscripted into the Imperial Russian Army and would serve for three years on the southwestern front, under the leadership of General Aleksei Brusilov. Andrei Matveyevich returned home on the eve of the 1917 October Revolution in Russia.Gromyko was elected First Secretary of the local Komsomol chapter at the beginning of 1923. Following Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924, the villagers asked Gromyko what would happen in the leader's absence. Gromyko remembered a communist slogan from the heyday of the October Revolution: "The revolution was carried through by Lenin and his "helpers"." He then told the villagers that Lenin was dead but "his aides, the Party, still lived on."When he was young Gromyko's mother Olga told him that he should leave his home town to become an educated man. Gromyko followed his mother's advice and, after finishing seven years of primary school and vocational education in Gomel, he moved to Borisov to attend technical school. Gromyko became a member of the All-Union Communist Party Bolsheviks in 1931, something he had dreamed of since he learned about the "difference between a poor farmer and a landowner, a worker and a capitalist". Gromyko was voted in as secretary of his party cell at his first party conference and would use most of his weekends doing volunteer work. Gromyko received a very small stipend to live on, but still had a strong nostalgia for the days when he worked as a volunteer. It was about this time that Gromyko met his future wife, Lydia Dmitrievna Grinevich. Grinevich was the daughter of a Belarusian peasant family and came from Kamenki, a small village to the west of Minsk. She and Gromyko would have two children, Anatoly and Emiliya.After studying in Borisov for two years Gromyko was appointed principal of a secondary school in Dzerzhinsk, where he taught, supervised the school and continued his studies. One day a representative from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Byelorussia offered him an opportunity to do post-graduate work in Minsk. Gromyko traveled to Minsk for an interview with the head of the university, I.M. Borisevich, who explained that a new post-graduate program had been formed for training in economics; Gromyko's record in education and social work made him a desirable candidate. Gromyko advised Borisevich that he would have difficulty living on a meager student stipend. Borisevich assured him that on finishing the program, his salary would be at the party's top pay grade – "a decent living wage". Gromyko accepted the offer, moving his family to Minsk in 1933. Gromyko and the other post-graduates were invited to an anniversary reception at which, as recounted in Gromyko's "Memoirs":We were amazed to find ourselves treated as equals and placed at their table to enjoy what for us was a sumptuous feast. We realised then that not for nothing did the Soviet state treat its scientists well: evidently science and those who worked in it were highly regarded by the state.After that day of pleasantry, Gromyko for the first time in his life wanted to enter higher education, but without warning, Gromyko and his family were moved in 1934 to Moscow, settling in the northeastern Alexeyevsky District. In 1936, after another three years of studying economics, Gromyko became a researcher and lecturer at the Soviet Academy of Sciences. His area of expertise was the US economy, and he published several books on the subject. Gromyko assumed his new job would be a permanent one, but in 1939 he was called upon by a Central Committee Commission which selected new personnel to work in diplomacy. (The Great Purge of 1938 opened many positions in the diplomatic corps.) Gromyko recognised such familiar faces as Vyacheslav Molotov and Georgy Malenkov. A couple of days later he was transferred from the Academy of Sciences to the diplomatic service.In early 1939, Gromyko started working for the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs in Moscow. Gromyko became the Head of the Department of Americas and because of his position Gromyko met with United States ambassador to the Soviet Union Lawrence Steinhardt. Gromyko believed Steinhardt to be "totally uninterested in creating good relations between the US and the USSR" and that Steinhardt's predecessor Joseph Davies was more "colourful" and seemed "genuinely interested" in improving the relations between the two countries. Davies received the Order of Lenin for his work in trying to improve diplomatic relations between the US and the USSR. After heading the Americas department for 6 months, Gromyko was called upon by Joseph Stalin. Stalin started the conversation by telling Gromyko that he would be sent to the Soviet embassy in the United States to become second-in-command. "The Soviet Union," Stalin said, "should maintain reasonable relations with such a powerful country like the United States, especially in light of the growing fascist threat". Vyacheslav Molotov contributed with some minor modifications but mostly agreed with what Stalin had said. "How are your English skills improving?," Stalin asked, "Comrade Gromyko you should pay a visit or two to an American church and listen to their sermons. Priests usually speak correct English with good accents. Do you know that the Russian revolutionaries when they were abroad, always followed this practice to improve their skills in foreign languages?" Gromyko was quite amazed about what Stalin had just told him but he never visited an American church.Gromyko had never been abroad before and, to get to the United States, he had to travel via airplane through Romania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia to Genoa, Italy, where they boarded a ship to the United States. He later wrote in his "Memoirs" that New York City was a good example on how humans, by the "means of wealth and technology are able to create something that is totally alien to our nature". He further noticed the New York working districts which, in his own opinion, were proof of the inhumanity of capitalism and of the system's greed. Gromyko met and consulted with most of the senior officers of the United States government during his first days and succeeded Maxim Litvinov as ambassador to the United States in 1943. In his "Memoirs" Gromyko wrote fondly of President Franklin D. Roosevelt even though he believed him to be a representative of the bourgeoisie class. During his time as ambassador, Gromyko met prominent personalities such as British actor Charlie Chaplin, and British economist John Maynard Keynes.Gromyko was a Soviet delegate to the Tehran, Dumbarton Oaks, Yalta and Potsdam conferences. In 1943, the same year as the Tehran Conference, the USSR established diplomatic relations with Cuba and Gromyko was appointed the Soviet ambassador to Havana. Gromyko claimed that the accusations brought against Roosevelt by American right-wingers, that he was a socialist sympathizer, were absurd. While he started out as a member delegate Gromyko later became the head of the Soviet delegation to the San Francisco conference after Molotov's departure. When he later returned to Moscow to celebrate the Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War, Stalin commended him saying a good diplomat was "worth two or three armies at the front".Gromyko was appointed Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations (UN) in April 1946. The USSR supported the election of the first Secretary-General of the United Nations, Trygve Lie, a former Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs. However, in the opinion of Gromyko, Lie became an active supporter of the "expansionist behaviour" of the United States and its "American aggressionist" policy. Because of this political stance, Gromyko believed Lie to be a poor Secretary-General. Trygve's successor, Swede Dag Hammarskjöld also promoted what Gromyko saw as "anti-Soviet policies". U Thant, the third Secretary-General, once told Gromyko that it was close to impossible to have an objective opinion of the USSR in the Secretariat of the United Nations because the majority of secretariat members were of American ethnicity or supporters of the United States. Gromyko often used the Soviet veto power in the early days of the United Nations. So familiar was a Soviet veto in the early days of the UN that Gromyko became known as "Mr Nyet", literally meaning "Mr No". During the first 10 years of the UN, the Soviet Union used its veto 79 times. In the same period, the Republic of China used the veto once, France twice and the others not at all. On May 14, 1947, Gromyko advocated the one-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and the two-state solution as the second best option in the case that "relations between the Jewish and Arab populations of Palestine... proved to be so bad that it would be impossible to reconcile them".Gromyko was appointed Soviet ambassador to the United Kingdom at a June 1952 meeting with Joseph Stalin in the Kremlin. Stalin paced back and forth as normal, telling Gromyko about the importance of his new office, and saying "The United Kingdom now has the opportunity to play a greater role in international politics. But it is not clear in which direction the British government with their great diplomatic experience will steer their efforts [...] This is why we need people who understand their way of thinking". Gromyko met with Winston Churchill in 1952 not to talk about current politics but nostalgically about World War II. Gromyko met Churchill again in 1953 to talk about their experiences during World War II before returning to Russia when he was appointed Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs.During his initial days as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Andrei Gromyko devoted most of his time battling the International Department (ID) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) under Boris Ponomarev. Ponomarev advocated an expanded role for the ID in Soviet foreign relations but Gromyko flatly refused. A top Soviet official, Valentin Falin, said the ID "interfered in the activities" of Gromyko and his ministry countless times. Gromyko disliked both Ponomarev and the power sharing between the ID and the foreign ministry. However, even in the midst of such political infighting, Gromyko presided over many key junctures in the Soviet Union's diplomacy throughout his tenure as Foreign Minister.One of his first tests as his country's chief diplomat came in 1958 when he addressed Mao Zedong's request for the Soviet Union to back his planned war with the Republic of China (Taiwan). During their discussions, Mao flabbergasted Gromyko by telling him that he was willing to sacrifice the lives of "300 million people" to bring about the Republic of China's annexation. Gromyko affirmed to Mao that his proposal would never get the approval of the Soviet leadership. Upon learning of this discussion, Moscow terminated the Soviet-Chinese nuclear program along with various industrialization projects in the People's Republic of China. Years later during the Cuban Missile Crisis, Gromyko met John F. Kennedy, then President of the United States, while acting under instructions from the current Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev. In his "Memoirs", Gromyko wrote that Kennedy seemed out of touch when he first met him, and was more ideologically driven than practical. In a 1988 interview, he further described Kennedy as nervous and prone to making contradictory statements involving American intentions towards Cuba. Gromyko, in addition to John F. Kennedy, held important political discussions with Dean Rusk, a former United States Secretary of State, in regards to the Cuban Missile Crisis. He defended his nations actions, stating that the Soviet Union had every right to be present in Cuba, especially considering the fact that the USA had established their own missiles in Turkey (Jupiter intermediate-range ballistic missiles). To Gromyko it seemed ironical, the Soviet Union was blamed for their presence in Cuba, yet America had established countless of foreign military bases worldwide. After several negotiations, Gromyko mentioned: "By Rusk's behavior it was possible to observe how painfully the American leaders are suffering the fact that the Soviet Union decisively has stood on the side of Cuba...", showcasing Rusk's weak character, as stated in Gromyko's Telegram.Later, under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev, Gromyko played a key role in the establishment of détente, a new phase of Soviet-American relations characterized by a significant reduction of tensions which lasted until 1979. In furtherance of this new arrangement, he oversaw the signing of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on 1 July 1968, the ABM and SALT I treaties in 1972, and the Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War in 1973. During his twenty-eight years as Minister of Foreign Affairs Gromyko supported the policy of disarmament, stating in his "Memoirs" that "Disarmament is the ideal of Socialism".Throughout his career, Gromyko explicitly promoted the idea that no important international agreement could be reached without the Soviet Union's involvement. Towards this end, one accomplishment he took particular pride in was the signing of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty whose negotiation could be traced back to 1958. Additionally, in 1966, Gromyko and Alexei Kosygin persuaded both Pakistan and India to sign the Tashkent Declaration, a peace treaty in the aftermath of the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965. Later in the same year, he engaged in a dialogue with Pope Paul VI, as part of the pontiff's ostpolitik that resulted in greater openness for the Roman Catholic Church in Eastern Europe despite heavy persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union itself.In 1973, Gromyko was promoted to a full voting member of the Politburo, the Soviet Union's highest decision-making body. Upon reaching the peak of his power and influence, Gromyko's approach to diplomacy began to suffer from the same qualities that underpinned his early career. His exceptional memory and confidence in his experience now made him inflexible, unimaginative and devoid of a long-term vision for his country. By the time Andropov and Chernenko rose to the Soviet leadership, Gromyko frequently found himself advocating a harder line than his superiors.When Brezhnev's ability to govern was impaired following a stroke in 1975, Gromyko effectively dominated Soviet policymaking alongside KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov, Defense Minister Marshal Andrei Grechko, and Grechko's successor, Marshal Dmitry Ustinov, for the rest of Brezhnev's rule. After Brezhnev's death in 1982, Andropov was voted in as General Secretary by the Politburo. Immediately after his appointment, Andropov asked Gromyko if he wanted to take over Brezhnev's old office of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. However, Gromyko turned down Andropov's offer, believing Andropov would eventually take the office for himself.Ever since being appointed Foreign Minister in February 1957, Gromyko never challenged the authority of those elected to lead the Soviet Union by the Central Committee. However, this changed when the ailing Konstantin Chernenko rose to become the country's de jure ruler. Unimpressed by the new leader's feeble gasp of foreign relations and weak standing in the Politburo, Gromyko aggressively asserted control over Soviet diplomacy to the point of regularly interrupting and contradicting Chernenko in front of other world leaders. Thus, despite Chernenko's interest in reviving détente, the longtime Foreign Minister's distrust of the West rendered any relaxation of tensions impossible.After Chernenko's death in 1985, Gromyko nominated Mikhail Gorbachev for the General Secretary on 11 March 1985. In supporting Gorbachev, Gromyko knew that the influence he carried would be strong. Upon being elected, Gorbachev relieved Gromyko as foreign minister and replaced him with Eduard Shevardnadze. Subsequently, he was appointed to the largely honorary position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.Gromyko held the office of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, literally head of state, which was largely ceremonial, and his influence in ruling circles diminished. A number of First World journalists believed Gromyko was uncomfortable with many of Gorbachev's reforms, however, in his "Memoirs" Gromyko wrote fondly of Gorbachev and the policy of perestroika. Gromyko believed that perestroika was about working for the construction of a socialist society and saw glasnost and perestroika as an attempt at making the USSR more democratic.During a party conference in July 1988 Vladimir Melnikov called for Gromyko's resignation. Melnikov blamed Brezhnev for the economic and political stagnation that had hit the Soviet Union and, seeing that Gromyko, as a prominent member of the Brezhnev leadership, was one of the men who had led the USSR into the crisis. Gromyko was promptly defended as "a man respected by the people" in a note by an anonymous delegate. After discussing it with his wife Gromyko decided to leave Soviet politics for good. Gromyko recounts in his "Memoirs" that before he made it official he told Gorbachev that he wished to resign. The following day, 1 October 1988, Gromyko sat beside Gorbachev, Yegor Ligachev and Nikolai Ryzhkov in the Supreme Soviet to make his resignation official:Such moments in life are just as memorable as when one is appointed to prominent positions. When my comrades took farewell to me, I was equally moved as I had ever been when I was given an important office. What I thought most about was that I had finished my duties towards the people, the Party and the state. This memory is very precious to me.Gorbachev succeeded Gromyko in office as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. After his resignation Gorbachev praised Gromyko for his half-century of service to USSR. Critics, such as Alexander Belonogov, the Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations, claimed Gromyko's foreign policy was permeated with "a spirit of intolerance and confrontation".After retiring from active politics in 1989 Gromyko started working on his memoirs. Gromyko died on 2 July 1989, days before what would have been his 80th birthday, after being hospitalised for a vascular problem that was not further identified. His death was followed by a minute of silence at the Congress of People's Deputies to commemorate him. The Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS), the central news organ in the USSR, called him one of the country's most "prominent leaders". President of the United States George H. W. Bush sent his condolences to Gromyko's son, Anatoly. Gromyko was offered a grave in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, but at the request of his family he was not buried near the Moscow Kremlin Wall but instead at the Novodevichy Cemetery.Having been a person of considerable stature during his life Gromyko held an unusual combination of personal characteristics. Some were impressed by his diplomatic skills, while others called Gromyko mundane and boring. An article written in 1981 in "The Times" said, "He is one of the most active and efficient members of the Soviet leadership. A man with an excellent memory, a keen intellect and extraordinary endurance [...] Maybe Andrey is the most informed Minister for Foreign affairs in the world". Gromyko's dour demeanour was shown clearly during his first term in Washington and echoed throughout his tenure as Soviet foreign minister. Ambassador Charles W. Yost, who worked with Gromyko at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, the UN founding conference, and at the United Nations, recalled that the "humorless" Soviet ambassador "looked as though he was sucking a lemon."There is a story that Gromyko was leaving a Washington hotel one morning and was asked by a reporter; "Minister Gromyko, did you enjoy your breakfast today?" His response was "Perhaps."During his twenty-eight years as minister of foreign affairs Gromyko became the "number-one" on international diplomacy at home, renowned by his peers to be consumed by his work. Henry Kissinger once said "If you can face Gromyko for one hour and survive, then you can begin to call yourself a diplomat". Gromyko's work influenced Soviet and Russian ambassadors such as Anatoly Dobrynin. Mash Lewis and Gregory Elliott described Gromyko's main characteristic as his "complete identification with the interest of the state and his faithful service to it". According to historians Gregory Elliot and Moshe Lewin this could help explain his so-called "boring" personality and the mastery of his own ego. West German politician Egon Bahr, when commenting on Gromyko's memoirs, said;He has concealed a veritable treasure-trove from future generations and taken to the grave with him an inestimable knowledge of international connection between the historical events and major figures of his time, which only he could offer. What a pity that this very man proved incapable to the very end of evoking his experience. As a faithful servant of the state, he believed that he should restrict himself to a sober, concise presentation of the bare essentials.On 18 July 2009, Belarus marked the 100th anniversary of Gromyko's birth with nationwide celebrations. In the city of his birth many people laid flowers in front of his bust. A ceremony was held attended by his son and daughter, Anatoly and Emiliya. Several exhibitions were opened and dedicated to his honour and a school and a street in Gomel were renamed in honour of him.	[ "Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations", "First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union", "ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the United States" ]
Which position did Andrei Gromyko hold in Jun 26, 1987?	June 26, 1987	{ "text": [ "Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR" ] }	L2_Q184267_P39_3	Andrei Gromyko holds the position of First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union from Mar, 1983 to Jul, 1985. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations from Apr, 1946 to Jan, 1948. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the United States from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1943. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from Jul, 1985 to Oct, 1988.	Andrei GromykoAndrei Andreyevich Gromyko (; ; – 2 July 1989) was a Soviet Belarusian communist politician and diplomat during the Cold War. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs (1957–1985) and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1985–1988). Gromyko was responsible for many top decisions on Soviet foreign policy until he retired in 1988. In the 1940s Western pundits called him Mr Nyet ("Mr No") or "Grim Grom", because of his frequent use of the Soviet veto in the United Nations Security Council.Gromyko's political career started in 1939 in the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs (renamed Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1946). He became the Soviet ambassador to the United States in 1943, leaving that position in 1946 to become the Soviet Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York. Upon his return to Moscow he became a Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and later First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. He went on to become the Soviet ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1952.As Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union, Gromyko was directly involved in deliberations with the Americans during the Cuban Missile Crisis and helped broker a peace treaty ending the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War. Under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev, he played a central role in the establishment of détente with the United States by negotiating the ABM Treaty, the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and the SALT I & II among others. When Brezhnev suffered a stroke in 1975 impairing his ability to govern, Gromyko effectively dictated policymaking alongside KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov and the successive Defense Ministers, Andrei Grechko and Dmitry Ustinov. Even after Brezhnev's death, Gromyko's rigid conservatism and distrust of the West continued to dominate the Soviet Union's foreign policy until Mikhail Gorbachev's rise to power in 1985.Following Gorbachev's election as General Secretary, Gromyko lost his office as foreign minister and was appointed to the largely ceremonial Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Subsequently, he retired from political life in 1988, and died the following year in Moscow.Gromyko was born to a poor "semi-peasant, semi-worker" Belarusian family in the Belarusian village of Staryye Gromyki, near Gomel on 18 July 1909. Gromyko's father, Andrei Matveyevich, worked as a seasonal worker in a local factory. Andrei Matveyevich was not a very educated man, having only attended four years of school, but knew how to read and write. He had fought in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. Gromyko's mother, Olga Yevgenyevna, came from a poor peasant family in the neighbouring city of Zhelezniki. She attended school only for a short period of time as, when her father died, she left to help her mother with the harvest.Gromyko grew up near the district town of Vetka where most of the inhabitants were devoted Old Believers in the Russian Orthodox Church. Gromyko's own village was also predominantly religious, but Gromyko started doubting the supernatural at a very early age. His first dialog on the subject was with his grandmother Marfa, who answered his inquiry about God with "Wait until you get older. Then you will understand all this much better". According to Gromyko, "Other adults said basically the same thing" when talking about religion. Gromyko's neighbour at the time, Mikhail Sjeljutov, was a freethinker and introduced Gromyko to new non-religious ideas and told Gromyko that scientists were beginning to doubt the existence of God. From the age of nine, after the Bolshevik revolution, Gromyko started reading atheist propaganda in flyers and pamphlets. At the age of thirteen Gromyko became a member of the Komsomol and held anti-religious speeches in the village with his friends as well as promoting Communist values.The news that Germany had attacked the Russian Empire in August 1914 came without warning to the local population. This was the first time, as Gromyko notes, that he felt "love for his country". His father, Andrei Matveyevich, was again conscripted into the Imperial Russian Army and would serve for three years on the southwestern front, under the leadership of General Aleksei Brusilov. Andrei Matveyevich returned home on the eve of the 1917 October Revolution in Russia.Gromyko was elected First Secretary of the local Komsomol chapter at the beginning of 1923. Following Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924, the villagers asked Gromyko what would happen in the leader's absence. Gromyko remembered a communist slogan from the heyday of the October Revolution: "The revolution was carried through by Lenin and his "helpers"." He then told the villagers that Lenin was dead but "his aides, the Party, still lived on."When he was young Gromyko's mother Olga told him that he should leave his home town to become an educated man. Gromyko followed his mother's advice and, after finishing seven years of primary school and vocational education in Gomel, he moved to Borisov to attend technical school. Gromyko became a member of the All-Union Communist Party Bolsheviks in 1931, something he had dreamed of since he learned about the "difference between a poor farmer and a landowner, a worker and a capitalist". Gromyko was voted in as secretary of his party cell at his first party conference and would use most of his weekends doing volunteer work. Gromyko received a very small stipend to live on, but still had a strong nostalgia for the days when he worked as a volunteer. It was about this time that Gromyko met his future wife, Lydia Dmitrievna Grinevich. Grinevich was the daughter of a Belarusian peasant family and came from Kamenki, a small village to the west of Minsk. She and Gromyko would have two children, Anatoly and Emiliya.After studying in Borisov for two years Gromyko was appointed principal of a secondary school in Dzerzhinsk, where he taught, supervised the school and continued his studies. One day a representative from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Byelorussia offered him an opportunity to do post-graduate work in Minsk. Gromyko traveled to Minsk for an interview with the head of the university, I.M. Borisevich, who explained that a new post-graduate program had been formed for training in economics; Gromyko's record in education and social work made him a desirable candidate. Gromyko advised Borisevich that he would have difficulty living on a meager student stipend. Borisevich assured him that on finishing the program, his salary would be at the party's top pay grade – "a decent living wage". Gromyko accepted the offer, moving his family to Minsk in 1933. Gromyko and the other post-graduates were invited to an anniversary reception at which, as recounted in Gromyko's "Memoirs":We were amazed to find ourselves treated as equals and placed at their table to enjoy what for us was a sumptuous feast. We realised then that not for nothing did the Soviet state treat its scientists well: evidently science and those who worked in it were highly regarded by the state.After that day of pleasantry, Gromyko for the first time in his life wanted to enter higher education, but without warning, Gromyko and his family were moved in 1934 to Moscow, settling in the northeastern Alexeyevsky District. In 1936, after another three years of studying economics, Gromyko became a researcher and lecturer at the Soviet Academy of Sciences. His area of expertise was the US economy, and he published several books on the subject. Gromyko assumed his new job would be a permanent one, but in 1939 he was called upon by a Central Committee Commission which selected new personnel to work in diplomacy. (The Great Purge of 1938 opened many positions in the diplomatic corps.) Gromyko recognised such familiar faces as Vyacheslav Molotov and Georgy Malenkov. A couple of days later he was transferred from the Academy of Sciences to the diplomatic service.In early 1939, Gromyko started working for the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs in Moscow. Gromyko became the Head of the Department of Americas and because of his position Gromyko met with United States ambassador to the Soviet Union Lawrence Steinhardt. Gromyko believed Steinhardt to be "totally uninterested in creating good relations between the US and the USSR" and that Steinhardt's predecessor Joseph Davies was more "colourful" and seemed "genuinely interested" in improving the relations between the two countries. Davies received the Order of Lenin for his work in trying to improve diplomatic relations between the US and the USSR. After heading the Americas department for 6 months, Gromyko was called upon by Joseph Stalin. Stalin started the conversation by telling Gromyko that he would be sent to the Soviet embassy in the United States to become second-in-command. "The Soviet Union," Stalin said, "should maintain reasonable relations with such a powerful country like the United States, especially in light of the growing fascist threat". Vyacheslav Molotov contributed with some minor modifications but mostly agreed with what Stalin had said. "How are your English skills improving?," Stalin asked, "Comrade Gromyko you should pay a visit or two to an American church and listen to their sermons. Priests usually speak correct English with good accents. Do you know that the Russian revolutionaries when they were abroad, always followed this practice to improve their skills in foreign languages?" Gromyko was quite amazed about what Stalin had just told him but he never visited an American church.Gromyko had never been abroad before and, to get to the United States, he had to travel via airplane through Romania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia to Genoa, Italy, where they boarded a ship to the United States. He later wrote in his "Memoirs" that New York City was a good example on how humans, by the "means of wealth and technology are able to create something that is totally alien to our nature". He further noticed the New York working districts which, in his own opinion, were proof of the inhumanity of capitalism and of the system's greed. Gromyko met and consulted with most of the senior officers of the United States government during his first days and succeeded Maxim Litvinov as ambassador to the United States in 1943. In his "Memoirs" Gromyko wrote fondly of President Franklin D. Roosevelt even though he believed him to be a representative of the bourgeoisie class. During his time as ambassador, Gromyko met prominent personalities such as British actor Charlie Chaplin, and British economist John Maynard Keynes.Gromyko was a Soviet delegate to the Tehran, Dumbarton Oaks, Yalta and Potsdam conferences. In 1943, the same year as the Tehran Conference, the USSR established diplomatic relations with Cuba and Gromyko was appointed the Soviet ambassador to Havana. Gromyko claimed that the accusations brought against Roosevelt by American right-wingers, that he was a socialist sympathizer, were absurd. While he started out as a member delegate Gromyko later became the head of the Soviet delegation to the San Francisco conference after Molotov's departure. When he later returned to Moscow to celebrate the Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War, Stalin commended him saying a good diplomat was "worth two or three armies at the front".Gromyko was appointed Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations (UN) in April 1946. The USSR supported the election of the first Secretary-General of the United Nations, Trygve Lie, a former Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs. However, in the opinion of Gromyko, Lie became an active supporter of the "expansionist behaviour" of the United States and its "American aggressionist" policy. Because of this political stance, Gromyko believed Lie to be a poor Secretary-General. Trygve's successor, Swede Dag Hammarskjöld also promoted what Gromyko saw as "anti-Soviet policies". U Thant, the third Secretary-General, once told Gromyko that it was close to impossible to have an objective opinion of the USSR in the Secretariat of the United Nations because the majority of secretariat members were of American ethnicity or supporters of the United States. Gromyko often used the Soviet veto power in the early days of the United Nations. So familiar was a Soviet veto in the early days of the UN that Gromyko became known as "Mr Nyet", literally meaning "Mr No". During the first 10 years of the UN, the Soviet Union used its veto 79 times. In the same period, the Republic of China used the veto once, France twice and the others not at all. On May 14, 1947, Gromyko advocated the one-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and the two-state solution as the second best option in the case that "relations between the Jewish and Arab populations of Palestine... proved to be so bad that it would be impossible to reconcile them".Gromyko was appointed Soviet ambassador to the United Kingdom at a June 1952 meeting with Joseph Stalin in the Kremlin. Stalin paced back and forth as normal, telling Gromyko about the importance of his new office, and saying "The United Kingdom now has the opportunity to play a greater role in international politics. But it is not clear in which direction the British government with their great diplomatic experience will steer their efforts [...] This is why we need people who understand their way of thinking". Gromyko met with Winston Churchill in 1952 not to talk about current politics but nostalgically about World War II. Gromyko met Churchill again in 1953 to talk about their experiences during World War II before returning to Russia when he was appointed Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs.During his initial days as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Andrei Gromyko devoted most of his time battling the International Department (ID) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) under Boris Ponomarev. Ponomarev advocated an expanded role for the ID in Soviet foreign relations but Gromyko flatly refused. A top Soviet official, Valentin Falin, said the ID "interfered in the activities" of Gromyko and his ministry countless times. Gromyko disliked both Ponomarev and the power sharing between the ID and the foreign ministry. However, even in the midst of such political infighting, Gromyko presided over many key junctures in the Soviet Union's diplomacy throughout his tenure as Foreign Minister.One of his first tests as his country's chief diplomat came in 1958 when he addressed Mao Zedong's request for the Soviet Union to back his planned war with the Republic of China (Taiwan). During their discussions, Mao flabbergasted Gromyko by telling him that he was willing to sacrifice the lives of "300 million people" to bring about the Republic of China's annexation. Gromyko affirmed to Mao that his proposal would never get the approval of the Soviet leadership. Upon learning of this discussion, Moscow terminated the Soviet-Chinese nuclear program along with various industrialization projects in the People's Republic of China. Years later during the Cuban Missile Crisis, Gromyko met John F. Kennedy, then President of the United States, while acting under instructions from the current Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev. In his "Memoirs", Gromyko wrote that Kennedy seemed out of touch when he first met him, and was more ideologically driven than practical. In a 1988 interview, he further described Kennedy as nervous and prone to making contradictory statements involving American intentions towards Cuba. Gromyko, in addition to John F. Kennedy, held important political discussions with Dean Rusk, a former United States Secretary of State, in regards to the Cuban Missile Crisis. He defended his nations actions, stating that the Soviet Union had every right to be present in Cuba, especially considering the fact that the USA had established their own missiles in Turkey (Jupiter intermediate-range ballistic missiles). To Gromyko it seemed ironical, the Soviet Union was blamed for their presence in Cuba, yet America had established countless of foreign military bases worldwide. After several negotiations, Gromyko mentioned: "By Rusk's behavior it was possible to observe how painfully the American leaders are suffering the fact that the Soviet Union decisively has stood on the side of Cuba...", showcasing Rusk's weak character, as stated in Gromyko's Telegram.Later, under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev, Gromyko played a key role in the establishment of détente, a new phase of Soviet-American relations characterized by a significant reduction of tensions which lasted until 1979. In furtherance of this new arrangement, he oversaw the signing of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on 1 July 1968, the ABM and SALT I treaties in 1972, and the Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War in 1973. During his twenty-eight years as Minister of Foreign Affairs Gromyko supported the policy of disarmament, stating in his "Memoirs" that "Disarmament is the ideal of Socialism".Throughout his career, Gromyko explicitly promoted the idea that no important international agreement could be reached without the Soviet Union's involvement. Towards this end, one accomplishment he took particular pride in was the signing of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty whose negotiation could be traced back to 1958. Additionally, in 1966, Gromyko and Alexei Kosygin persuaded both Pakistan and India to sign the Tashkent Declaration, a peace treaty in the aftermath of the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965. Later in the same year, he engaged in a dialogue with Pope Paul VI, as part of the pontiff's ostpolitik that resulted in greater openness for the Roman Catholic Church in Eastern Europe despite heavy persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union itself.In 1973, Gromyko was promoted to a full voting member of the Politburo, the Soviet Union's highest decision-making body. Upon reaching the peak of his power and influence, Gromyko's approach to diplomacy began to suffer from the same qualities that underpinned his early career. His exceptional memory and confidence in his experience now made him inflexible, unimaginative and devoid of a long-term vision for his country. By the time Andropov and Chernenko rose to the Soviet leadership, Gromyko frequently found himself advocating a harder line than his superiors.When Brezhnev's ability to govern was impaired following a stroke in 1975, Gromyko effectively dominated Soviet policymaking alongside KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov, Defense Minister Marshal Andrei Grechko, and Grechko's successor, Marshal Dmitry Ustinov, for the rest of Brezhnev's rule. After Brezhnev's death in 1982, Andropov was voted in as General Secretary by the Politburo. Immediately after his appointment, Andropov asked Gromyko if he wanted to take over Brezhnev's old office of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. However, Gromyko turned down Andropov's offer, believing Andropov would eventually take the office for himself.Ever since being appointed Foreign Minister in February 1957, Gromyko never challenged the authority of those elected to lead the Soviet Union by the Central Committee. However, this changed when the ailing Konstantin Chernenko rose to become the country's de jure ruler. Unimpressed by the new leader's feeble gasp of foreign relations and weak standing in the Politburo, Gromyko aggressively asserted control over Soviet diplomacy to the point of regularly interrupting and contradicting Chernenko in front of other world leaders. Thus, despite Chernenko's interest in reviving détente, the longtime Foreign Minister's distrust of the West rendered any relaxation of tensions impossible.After Chernenko's death in 1985, Gromyko nominated Mikhail Gorbachev for the General Secretary on 11 March 1985. In supporting Gorbachev, Gromyko knew that the influence he carried would be strong. Upon being elected, Gorbachev relieved Gromyko as foreign minister and replaced him with Eduard Shevardnadze. Subsequently, he was appointed to the largely honorary position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.Gromyko held the office of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, literally head of state, which was largely ceremonial, and his influence in ruling circles diminished. A number of First World journalists believed Gromyko was uncomfortable with many of Gorbachev's reforms, however, in his "Memoirs" Gromyko wrote fondly of Gorbachev and the policy of perestroika. Gromyko believed that perestroika was about working for the construction of a socialist society and saw glasnost and perestroika as an attempt at making the USSR more democratic.During a party conference in July 1988 Vladimir Melnikov called for Gromyko's resignation. Melnikov blamed Brezhnev for the economic and political stagnation that had hit the Soviet Union and, seeing that Gromyko, as a prominent member of the Brezhnev leadership, was one of the men who had led the USSR into the crisis. Gromyko was promptly defended as "a man respected by the people" in a note by an anonymous delegate. After discussing it with his wife Gromyko decided to leave Soviet politics for good. Gromyko recounts in his "Memoirs" that before he made it official he told Gorbachev that he wished to resign. The following day, 1 October 1988, Gromyko sat beside Gorbachev, Yegor Ligachev and Nikolai Ryzhkov in the Supreme Soviet to make his resignation official:Such moments in life are just as memorable as when one is appointed to prominent positions. When my comrades took farewell to me, I was equally moved as I had ever been when I was given an important office. What I thought most about was that I had finished my duties towards the people, the Party and the state. This memory is very precious to me.Gorbachev succeeded Gromyko in office as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. After his resignation Gorbachev praised Gromyko for his half-century of service to USSR. Critics, such as Alexander Belonogov, the Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations, claimed Gromyko's foreign policy was permeated with "a spirit of intolerance and confrontation".After retiring from active politics in 1989 Gromyko started working on his memoirs. Gromyko died on 2 July 1989, days before what would have been his 80th birthday, after being hospitalised for a vascular problem that was not further identified. His death was followed by a minute of silence at the Congress of People's Deputies to commemorate him. The Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS), the central news organ in the USSR, called him one of the country's most "prominent leaders". President of the United States George H. W. Bush sent his condolences to Gromyko's son, Anatoly. Gromyko was offered a grave in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, but at the request of his family he was not buried near the Moscow Kremlin Wall but instead at the Novodevichy Cemetery.Having been a person of considerable stature during his life Gromyko held an unusual combination of personal characteristics. Some were impressed by his diplomatic skills, while others called Gromyko mundane and boring. An article written in 1981 in "The Times" said, "He is one of the most active and efficient members of the Soviet leadership. A man with an excellent memory, a keen intellect and extraordinary endurance [...] Maybe Andrey is the most informed Minister for Foreign affairs in the world". Gromyko's dour demeanour was shown clearly during his first term in Washington and echoed throughout his tenure as Soviet foreign minister. Ambassador Charles W. Yost, who worked with Gromyko at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, the UN founding conference, and at the United Nations, recalled that the "humorless" Soviet ambassador "looked as though he was sucking a lemon."There is a story that Gromyko was leaving a Washington hotel one morning and was asked by a reporter; "Minister Gromyko, did you enjoy your breakfast today?" His response was "Perhaps."During his twenty-eight years as minister of foreign affairs Gromyko became the "number-one" on international diplomacy at home, renowned by his peers to be consumed by his work. Henry Kissinger once said "If you can face Gromyko for one hour and survive, then you can begin to call yourself a diplomat". Gromyko's work influenced Soviet and Russian ambassadors such as Anatoly Dobrynin. Mash Lewis and Gregory Elliott described Gromyko's main characteristic as his "complete identification with the interest of the state and his faithful service to it". According to historians Gregory Elliot and Moshe Lewin this could help explain his so-called "boring" personality and the mastery of his own ego. West German politician Egon Bahr, when commenting on Gromyko's memoirs, said;He has concealed a veritable treasure-trove from future generations and taken to the grave with him an inestimable knowledge of international connection between the historical events and major figures of his time, which only he could offer. What a pity that this very man proved incapable to the very end of evoking his experience. As a faithful servant of the state, he believed that he should restrict himself to a sober, concise presentation of the bare essentials.On 18 July 2009, Belarus marked the 100th anniversary of Gromyko's birth with nationwide celebrations. In the city of his birth many people laid flowers in front of his bust. A ceremony was held attended by his son and daughter, Anatoly and Emiliya. Several exhibitions were opened and dedicated to his honour and a school and a street in Gomel were renamed in honour of him.	[ "Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations", "First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union", "ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the United States" ]
Which position did Andrei Gromyko hold in 06/26/1987?	June 26, 1987	{ "text": [ "Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR" ] }	L2_Q184267_P39_3	Andrei Gromyko holds the position of First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union from Mar, 1983 to Jul, 1985. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations from Apr, 1946 to Jan, 1948. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the United States from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1943. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from Jul, 1985 to Oct, 1988.	Andrei GromykoAndrei Andreyevich Gromyko (; ; – 2 July 1989) was a Soviet Belarusian communist politician and diplomat during the Cold War. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs (1957–1985) and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1985–1988). Gromyko was responsible for many top decisions on Soviet foreign policy until he retired in 1988. In the 1940s Western pundits called him Mr Nyet ("Mr No") or "Grim Grom", because of his frequent use of the Soviet veto in the United Nations Security Council.Gromyko's political career started in 1939 in the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs (renamed Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1946). He became the Soviet ambassador to the United States in 1943, leaving that position in 1946 to become the Soviet Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York. Upon his return to Moscow he became a Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and later First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. He went on to become the Soviet ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1952.As Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union, Gromyko was directly involved in deliberations with the Americans during the Cuban Missile Crisis and helped broker a peace treaty ending the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War. Under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev, he played a central role in the establishment of détente with the United States by negotiating the ABM Treaty, the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and the SALT I & II among others. When Brezhnev suffered a stroke in 1975 impairing his ability to govern, Gromyko effectively dictated policymaking alongside KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov and the successive Defense Ministers, Andrei Grechko and Dmitry Ustinov. Even after Brezhnev's death, Gromyko's rigid conservatism and distrust of the West continued to dominate the Soviet Union's foreign policy until Mikhail Gorbachev's rise to power in 1985.Following Gorbachev's election as General Secretary, Gromyko lost his office as foreign minister and was appointed to the largely ceremonial Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Subsequently, he retired from political life in 1988, and died the following year in Moscow.Gromyko was born to a poor "semi-peasant, semi-worker" Belarusian family in the Belarusian village of Staryye Gromyki, near Gomel on 18 July 1909. Gromyko's father, Andrei Matveyevich, worked as a seasonal worker in a local factory. Andrei Matveyevich was not a very educated man, having only attended four years of school, but knew how to read and write. He had fought in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. Gromyko's mother, Olga Yevgenyevna, came from a poor peasant family in the neighbouring city of Zhelezniki. She attended school only for a short period of time as, when her father died, she left to help her mother with the harvest.Gromyko grew up near the district town of Vetka where most of the inhabitants were devoted Old Believers in the Russian Orthodox Church. Gromyko's own village was also predominantly religious, but Gromyko started doubting the supernatural at a very early age. His first dialog on the subject was with his grandmother Marfa, who answered his inquiry about God with "Wait until you get older. Then you will understand all this much better". According to Gromyko, "Other adults said basically the same thing" when talking about religion. Gromyko's neighbour at the time, Mikhail Sjeljutov, was a freethinker and introduced Gromyko to new non-religious ideas and told Gromyko that scientists were beginning to doubt the existence of God. From the age of nine, after the Bolshevik revolution, Gromyko started reading atheist propaganda in flyers and pamphlets. At the age of thirteen Gromyko became a member of the Komsomol and held anti-religious speeches in the village with his friends as well as promoting Communist values.The news that Germany had attacked the Russian Empire in August 1914 came without warning to the local population. This was the first time, as Gromyko notes, that he felt "love for his country". His father, Andrei Matveyevich, was again conscripted into the Imperial Russian Army and would serve for three years on the southwestern front, under the leadership of General Aleksei Brusilov. Andrei Matveyevich returned home on the eve of the 1917 October Revolution in Russia.Gromyko was elected First Secretary of the local Komsomol chapter at the beginning of 1923. Following Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924, the villagers asked Gromyko what would happen in the leader's absence. Gromyko remembered a communist slogan from the heyday of the October Revolution: "The revolution was carried through by Lenin and his "helpers"." He then told the villagers that Lenin was dead but "his aides, the Party, still lived on."When he was young Gromyko's mother Olga told him that he should leave his home town to become an educated man. Gromyko followed his mother's advice and, after finishing seven years of primary school and vocational education in Gomel, he moved to Borisov to attend technical school. Gromyko became a member of the All-Union Communist Party Bolsheviks in 1931, something he had dreamed of since he learned about the "difference between a poor farmer and a landowner, a worker and a capitalist". Gromyko was voted in as secretary of his party cell at his first party conference and would use most of his weekends doing volunteer work. Gromyko received a very small stipend to live on, but still had a strong nostalgia for the days when he worked as a volunteer. It was about this time that Gromyko met his future wife, Lydia Dmitrievna Grinevich. Grinevich was the daughter of a Belarusian peasant family and came from Kamenki, a small village to the west of Minsk. She and Gromyko would have two children, Anatoly and Emiliya.After studying in Borisov for two years Gromyko was appointed principal of a secondary school in Dzerzhinsk, where he taught, supervised the school and continued his studies. One day a representative from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Byelorussia offered him an opportunity to do post-graduate work in Minsk. Gromyko traveled to Minsk for an interview with the head of the university, I.M. Borisevich, who explained that a new post-graduate program had been formed for training in economics; Gromyko's record in education and social work made him a desirable candidate. Gromyko advised Borisevich that he would have difficulty living on a meager student stipend. Borisevich assured him that on finishing the program, his salary would be at the party's top pay grade – "a decent living wage". Gromyko accepted the offer, moving his family to Minsk in 1933. Gromyko and the other post-graduates were invited to an anniversary reception at which, as recounted in Gromyko's "Memoirs":We were amazed to find ourselves treated as equals and placed at their table to enjoy what for us was a sumptuous feast. We realised then that not for nothing did the Soviet state treat its scientists well: evidently science and those who worked in it were highly regarded by the state.After that day of pleasantry, Gromyko for the first time in his life wanted to enter higher education, but without warning, Gromyko and his family were moved in 1934 to Moscow, settling in the northeastern Alexeyevsky District. In 1936, after another three years of studying economics, Gromyko became a researcher and lecturer at the Soviet Academy of Sciences. His area of expertise was the US economy, and he published several books on the subject. Gromyko assumed his new job would be a permanent one, but in 1939 he was called upon by a Central Committee Commission which selected new personnel to work in diplomacy. (The Great Purge of 1938 opened many positions in the diplomatic corps.) Gromyko recognised such familiar faces as Vyacheslav Molotov and Georgy Malenkov. A couple of days later he was transferred from the Academy of Sciences to the diplomatic service.In early 1939, Gromyko started working for the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs in Moscow. Gromyko became the Head of the Department of Americas and because of his position Gromyko met with United States ambassador to the Soviet Union Lawrence Steinhardt. Gromyko believed Steinhardt to be "totally uninterested in creating good relations between the US and the USSR" and that Steinhardt's predecessor Joseph Davies was more "colourful" and seemed "genuinely interested" in improving the relations between the two countries. Davies received the Order of Lenin for his work in trying to improve diplomatic relations between the US and the USSR. After heading the Americas department for 6 months, Gromyko was called upon by Joseph Stalin. Stalin started the conversation by telling Gromyko that he would be sent to the Soviet embassy in the United States to become second-in-command. "The Soviet Union," Stalin said, "should maintain reasonable relations with such a powerful country like the United States, especially in light of the growing fascist threat". Vyacheslav Molotov contributed with some minor modifications but mostly agreed with what Stalin had said. "How are your English skills improving?," Stalin asked, "Comrade Gromyko you should pay a visit or two to an American church and listen to their sermons. Priests usually speak correct English with good accents. Do you know that the Russian revolutionaries when they were abroad, always followed this practice to improve their skills in foreign languages?" Gromyko was quite amazed about what Stalin had just told him but he never visited an American church.Gromyko had never been abroad before and, to get to the United States, he had to travel via airplane through Romania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia to Genoa, Italy, where they boarded a ship to the United States. He later wrote in his "Memoirs" that New York City was a good example on how humans, by the "means of wealth and technology are able to create something that is totally alien to our nature". He further noticed the New York working districts which, in his own opinion, were proof of the inhumanity of capitalism and of the system's greed. Gromyko met and consulted with most of the senior officers of the United States government during his first days and succeeded Maxim Litvinov as ambassador to the United States in 1943. In his "Memoirs" Gromyko wrote fondly of President Franklin D. Roosevelt even though he believed him to be a representative of the bourgeoisie class. During his time as ambassador, Gromyko met prominent personalities such as British actor Charlie Chaplin, and British economist John Maynard Keynes.Gromyko was a Soviet delegate to the Tehran, Dumbarton Oaks, Yalta and Potsdam conferences. In 1943, the same year as the Tehran Conference, the USSR established diplomatic relations with Cuba and Gromyko was appointed the Soviet ambassador to Havana. Gromyko claimed that the accusations brought against Roosevelt by American right-wingers, that he was a socialist sympathizer, were absurd. While he started out as a member delegate Gromyko later became the head of the Soviet delegation to the San Francisco conference after Molotov's departure. When he later returned to Moscow to celebrate the Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War, Stalin commended him saying a good diplomat was "worth two or three armies at the front".Gromyko was appointed Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations (UN) in April 1946. The USSR supported the election of the first Secretary-General of the United Nations, Trygve Lie, a former Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs. However, in the opinion of Gromyko, Lie became an active supporter of the "expansionist behaviour" of the United States and its "American aggressionist" policy. Because of this political stance, Gromyko believed Lie to be a poor Secretary-General. Trygve's successor, Swede Dag Hammarskjöld also promoted what Gromyko saw as "anti-Soviet policies". U Thant, the third Secretary-General, once told Gromyko that it was close to impossible to have an objective opinion of the USSR in the Secretariat of the United Nations because the majority of secretariat members were of American ethnicity or supporters of the United States. Gromyko often used the Soviet veto power in the early days of the United Nations. So familiar was a Soviet veto in the early days of the UN that Gromyko became known as "Mr Nyet", literally meaning "Mr No". During the first 10 years of the UN, the Soviet Union used its veto 79 times. In the same period, the Republic of China used the veto once, France twice and the others not at all. On May 14, 1947, Gromyko advocated the one-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and the two-state solution as the second best option in the case that "relations between the Jewish and Arab populations of Palestine... proved to be so bad that it would be impossible to reconcile them".Gromyko was appointed Soviet ambassador to the United Kingdom at a June 1952 meeting with Joseph Stalin in the Kremlin. Stalin paced back and forth as normal, telling Gromyko about the importance of his new office, and saying "The United Kingdom now has the opportunity to play a greater role in international politics. But it is not clear in which direction the British government with their great diplomatic experience will steer their efforts [...] This is why we need people who understand their way of thinking". Gromyko met with Winston Churchill in 1952 not to talk about current politics but nostalgically about World War II. Gromyko met Churchill again in 1953 to talk about their experiences during World War II before returning to Russia when he was appointed Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs.During his initial days as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Andrei Gromyko devoted most of his time battling the International Department (ID) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) under Boris Ponomarev. Ponomarev advocated an expanded role for the ID in Soviet foreign relations but Gromyko flatly refused. A top Soviet official, Valentin Falin, said the ID "interfered in the activities" of Gromyko and his ministry countless times. Gromyko disliked both Ponomarev and the power sharing between the ID and the foreign ministry. However, even in the midst of such political infighting, Gromyko presided over many key junctures in the Soviet Union's diplomacy throughout his tenure as Foreign Minister.One of his first tests as his country's chief diplomat came in 1958 when he addressed Mao Zedong's request for the Soviet Union to back his planned war with the Republic of China (Taiwan). During their discussions, Mao flabbergasted Gromyko by telling him that he was willing to sacrifice the lives of "300 million people" to bring about the Republic of China's annexation. Gromyko affirmed to Mao that his proposal would never get the approval of the Soviet leadership. Upon learning of this discussion, Moscow terminated the Soviet-Chinese nuclear program along with various industrialization projects in the People's Republic of China. Years later during the Cuban Missile Crisis, Gromyko met John F. Kennedy, then President of the United States, while acting under instructions from the current Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev. In his "Memoirs", Gromyko wrote that Kennedy seemed out of touch when he first met him, and was more ideologically driven than practical. In a 1988 interview, he further described Kennedy as nervous and prone to making contradictory statements involving American intentions towards Cuba. Gromyko, in addition to John F. Kennedy, held important political discussions with Dean Rusk, a former United States Secretary of State, in regards to the Cuban Missile Crisis. He defended his nations actions, stating that the Soviet Union had every right to be present in Cuba, especially considering the fact that the USA had established their own missiles in Turkey (Jupiter intermediate-range ballistic missiles). To Gromyko it seemed ironical, the Soviet Union was blamed for their presence in Cuba, yet America had established countless of foreign military bases worldwide. After several negotiations, Gromyko mentioned: "By Rusk's behavior it was possible to observe how painfully the American leaders are suffering the fact that the Soviet Union decisively has stood on the side of Cuba...", showcasing Rusk's weak character, as stated in Gromyko's Telegram.Later, under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev, Gromyko played a key role in the establishment of détente, a new phase of Soviet-American relations characterized by a significant reduction of tensions which lasted until 1979. In furtherance of this new arrangement, he oversaw the signing of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on 1 July 1968, the ABM and SALT I treaties in 1972, and the Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War in 1973. During his twenty-eight years as Minister of Foreign Affairs Gromyko supported the policy of disarmament, stating in his "Memoirs" that "Disarmament is the ideal of Socialism".Throughout his career, Gromyko explicitly promoted the idea that no important international agreement could be reached without the Soviet Union's involvement. Towards this end, one accomplishment he took particular pride in was the signing of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty whose negotiation could be traced back to 1958. Additionally, in 1966, Gromyko and Alexei Kosygin persuaded both Pakistan and India to sign the Tashkent Declaration, a peace treaty in the aftermath of the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965. Later in the same year, he engaged in a dialogue with Pope Paul VI, as part of the pontiff's ostpolitik that resulted in greater openness for the Roman Catholic Church in Eastern Europe despite heavy persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union itself.In 1973, Gromyko was promoted to a full voting member of the Politburo, the Soviet Union's highest decision-making body. Upon reaching the peak of his power and influence, Gromyko's approach to diplomacy began to suffer from the same qualities that underpinned his early career. His exceptional memory and confidence in his experience now made him inflexible, unimaginative and devoid of a long-term vision for his country. By the time Andropov and Chernenko rose to the Soviet leadership, Gromyko frequently found himself advocating a harder line than his superiors.When Brezhnev's ability to govern was impaired following a stroke in 1975, Gromyko effectively dominated Soviet policymaking alongside KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov, Defense Minister Marshal Andrei Grechko, and Grechko's successor, Marshal Dmitry Ustinov, for the rest of Brezhnev's rule. After Brezhnev's death in 1982, Andropov was voted in as General Secretary by the Politburo. Immediately after his appointment, Andropov asked Gromyko if he wanted to take over Brezhnev's old office of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. However, Gromyko turned down Andropov's offer, believing Andropov would eventually take the office for himself.Ever since being appointed Foreign Minister in February 1957, Gromyko never challenged the authority of those elected to lead the Soviet Union by the Central Committee. However, this changed when the ailing Konstantin Chernenko rose to become the country's de jure ruler. Unimpressed by the new leader's feeble gasp of foreign relations and weak standing in the Politburo, Gromyko aggressively asserted control over Soviet diplomacy to the point of regularly interrupting and contradicting Chernenko in front of other world leaders. Thus, despite Chernenko's interest in reviving détente, the longtime Foreign Minister's distrust of the West rendered any relaxation of tensions impossible.After Chernenko's death in 1985, Gromyko nominated Mikhail Gorbachev for the General Secretary on 11 March 1985. In supporting Gorbachev, Gromyko knew that the influence he carried would be strong. Upon being elected, Gorbachev relieved Gromyko as foreign minister and replaced him with Eduard Shevardnadze. Subsequently, he was appointed to the largely honorary position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.Gromyko held the office of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, literally head of state, which was largely ceremonial, and his influence in ruling circles diminished. A number of First World journalists believed Gromyko was uncomfortable with many of Gorbachev's reforms, however, in his "Memoirs" Gromyko wrote fondly of Gorbachev and the policy of perestroika. Gromyko believed that perestroika was about working for the construction of a socialist society and saw glasnost and perestroika as an attempt at making the USSR more democratic.During a party conference in July 1988 Vladimir Melnikov called for Gromyko's resignation. Melnikov blamed Brezhnev for the economic and political stagnation that had hit the Soviet Union and, seeing that Gromyko, as a prominent member of the Brezhnev leadership, was one of the men who had led the USSR into the crisis. Gromyko was promptly defended as "a man respected by the people" in a note by an anonymous delegate. After discussing it with his wife Gromyko decided to leave Soviet politics for good. Gromyko recounts in his "Memoirs" that before he made it official he told Gorbachev that he wished to resign. The following day, 1 October 1988, Gromyko sat beside Gorbachev, Yegor Ligachev and Nikolai Ryzhkov in the Supreme Soviet to make his resignation official:Such moments in life are just as memorable as when one is appointed to prominent positions. When my comrades took farewell to me, I was equally moved as I had ever been when I was given an important office. What I thought most about was that I had finished my duties towards the people, the Party and the state. This memory is very precious to me.Gorbachev succeeded Gromyko in office as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. After his resignation Gorbachev praised Gromyko for his half-century of service to USSR. Critics, such as Alexander Belonogov, the Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations, claimed Gromyko's foreign policy was permeated with "a spirit of intolerance and confrontation".After retiring from active politics in 1989 Gromyko started working on his memoirs. Gromyko died on 2 July 1989, days before what would have been his 80th birthday, after being hospitalised for a vascular problem that was not further identified. His death was followed by a minute of silence at the Congress of People's Deputies to commemorate him. The Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS), the central news organ in the USSR, called him one of the country's most "prominent leaders". President of the United States George H. W. Bush sent his condolences to Gromyko's son, Anatoly. Gromyko was offered a grave in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, but at the request of his family he was not buried near the Moscow Kremlin Wall but instead at the Novodevichy Cemetery.Having been a person of considerable stature during his life Gromyko held an unusual combination of personal characteristics. Some were impressed by his diplomatic skills, while others called Gromyko mundane and boring. An article written in 1981 in "The Times" said, "He is one of the most active and efficient members of the Soviet leadership. A man with an excellent memory, a keen intellect and extraordinary endurance [...] Maybe Andrey is the most informed Minister for Foreign affairs in the world". Gromyko's dour demeanour was shown clearly during his first term in Washington and echoed throughout his tenure as Soviet foreign minister. Ambassador Charles W. Yost, who worked with Gromyko at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, the UN founding conference, and at the United Nations, recalled that the "humorless" Soviet ambassador "looked as though he was sucking a lemon."There is a story that Gromyko was leaving a Washington hotel one morning and was asked by a reporter; "Minister Gromyko, did you enjoy your breakfast today?" His response was "Perhaps."During his twenty-eight years as minister of foreign affairs Gromyko became the "number-one" on international diplomacy at home, renowned by his peers to be consumed by his work. Henry Kissinger once said "If you can face Gromyko for one hour and survive, then you can begin to call yourself a diplomat". Gromyko's work influenced Soviet and Russian ambassadors such as Anatoly Dobrynin. Mash Lewis and Gregory Elliott described Gromyko's main characteristic as his "complete identification with the interest of the state and his faithful service to it". According to historians Gregory Elliot and Moshe Lewin this could help explain his so-called "boring" personality and the mastery of his own ego. West German politician Egon Bahr, when commenting on Gromyko's memoirs, said;He has concealed a veritable treasure-trove from future generations and taken to the grave with him an inestimable knowledge of international connection between the historical events and major figures of his time, which only he could offer. What a pity that this very man proved incapable to the very end of evoking his experience. As a faithful servant of the state, he believed that he should restrict himself to a sober, concise presentation of the bare essentials.On 18 July 2009, Belarus marked the 100th anniversary of Gromyko's birth with nationwide celebrations. In the city of his birth many people laid flowers in front of his bust. A ceremony was held attended by his son and daughter, Anatoly and Emiliya. Several exhibitions were opened and dedicated to his honour and a school and a street in Gomel were renamed in honour of him.	[ "Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations", "First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union", "ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the United States" ]
Which position did Andrei Gromyko hold in 26-Jun-198726-June-1987?	June 26, 1987	{ "text": [ "Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR" ] }	L2_Q184267_P39_3	Andrei Gromyko holds the position of First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union from Mar, 1983 to Jul, 1985. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations from Apr, 1946 to Jan, 1948. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the United States from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1943. Andrei Gromyko holds the position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from Jul, 1985 to Oct, 1988.	Andrei GromykoAndrei Andreyevich Gromyko (; ; – 2 July 1989) was a Soviet Belarusian communist politician and diplomat during the Cold War. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs (1957–1985) and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1985–1988). Gromyko was responsible for many top decisions on Soviet foreign policy until he retired in 1988. In the 1940s Western pundits called him Mr Nyet ("Mr No") or "Grim Grom", because of his frequent use of the Soviet veto in the United Nations Security Council.Gromyko's political career started in 1939 in the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs (renamed Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1946). He became the Soviet ambassador to the United States in 1943, leaving that position in 1946 to become the Soviet Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York. Upon his return to Moscow he became a Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and later First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. He went on to become the Soviet ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1952.As Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union, Gromyko was directly involved in deliberations with the Americans during the Cuban Missile Crisis and helped broker a peace treaty ending the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War. Under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev, he played a central role in the establishment of détente with the United States by negotiating the ABM Treaty, the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and the SALT I & II among others. When Brezhnev suffered a stroke in 1975 impairing his ability to govern, Gromyko effectively dictated policymaking alongside KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov and the successive Defense Ministers, Andrei Grechko and Dmitry Ustinov. Even after Brezhnev's death, Gromyko's rigid conservatism and distrust of the West continued to dominate the Soviet Union's foreign policy until Mikhail Gorbachev's rise to power in 1985.Following Gorbachev's election as General Secretary, Gromyko lost his office as foreign minister and was appointed to the largely ceremonial Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Subsequently, he retired from political life in 1988, and died the following year in Moscow.Gromyko was born to a poor "semi-peasant, semi-worker" Belarusian family in the Belarusian village of Staryye Gromyki, near Gomel on 18 July 1909. Gromyko's father, Andrei Matveyevich, worked as a seasonal worker in a local factory. Andrei Matveyevich was not a very educated man, having only attended four years of school, but knew how to read and write. He had fought in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. Gromyko's mother, Olga Yevgenyevna, came from a poor peasant family in the neighbouring city of Zhelezniki. She attended school only for a short period of time as, when her father died, she left to help her mother with the harvest.Gromyko grew up near the district town of Vetka where most of the inhabitants were devoted Old Believers in the Russian Orthodox Church. Gromyko's own village was also predominantly religious, but Gromyko started doubting the supernatural at a very early age. His first dialog on the subject was with his grandmother Marfa, who answered his inquiry about God with "Wait until you get older. Then you will understand all this much better". According to Gromyko, "Other adults said basically the same thing" when talking about religion. Gromyko's neighbour at the time, Mikhail Sjeljutov, was a freethinker and introduced Gromyko to new non-religious ideas and told Gromyko that scientists were beginning to doubt the existence of God. From the age of nine, after the Bolshevik revolution, Gromyko started reading atheist propaganda in flyers and pamphlets. At the age of thirteen Gromyko became a member of the Komsomol and held anti-religious speeches in the village with his friends as well as promoting Communist values.The news that Germany had attacked the Russian Empire in August 1914 came without warning to the local population. This was the first time, as Gromyko notes, that he felt "love for his country". His father, Andrei Matveyevich, was again conscripted into the Imperial Russian Army and would serve for three years on the southwestern front, under the leadership of General Aleksei Brusilov. Andrei Matveyevich returned home on the eve of the 1917 October Revolution in Russia.Gromyko was elected First Secretary of the local Komsomol chapter at the beginning of 1923. Following Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924, the villagers asked Gromyko what would happen in the leader's absence. Gromyko remembered a communist slogan from the heyday of the October Revolution: "The revolution was carried through by Lenin and his "helpers"." He then told the villagers that Lenin was dead but "his aides, the Party, still lived on."When he was young Gromyko's mother Olga told him that he should leave his home town to become an educated man. Gromyko followed his mother's advice and, after finishing seven years of primary school and vocational education in Gomel, he moved to Borisov to attend technical school. Gromyko became a member of the All-Union Communist Party Bolsheviks in 1931, something he had dreamed of since he learned about the "difference between a poor farmer and a landowner, a worker and a capitalist". Gromyko was voted in as secretary of his party cell at his first party conference and would use most of his weekends doing volunteer work. Gromyko received a very small stipend to live on, but still had a strong nostalgia for the days when he worked as a volunteer. It was about this time that Gromyko met his future wife, Lydia Dmitrievna Grinevich. Grinevich was the daughter of a Belarusian peasant family and came from Kamenki, a small village to the west of Minsk. She and Gromyko would have two children, Anatoly and Emiliya.After studying in Borisov for two years Gromyko was appointed principal of a secondary school in Dzerzhinsk, where he taught, supervised the school and continued his studies. One day a representative from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Byelorussia offered him an opportunity to do post-graduate work in Minsk. Gromyko traveled to Minsk for an interview with the head of the university, I.M. Borisevich, who explained that a new post-graduate program had been formed for training in economics; Gromyko's record in education and social work made him a desirable candidate. Gromyko advised Borisevich that he would have difficulty living on a meager student stipend. Borisevich assured him that on finishing the program, his salary would be at the party's top pay grade – "a decent living wage". Gromyko accepted the offer, moving his family to Minsk in 1933. Gromyko and the other post-graduates were invited to an anniversary reception at which, as recounted in Gromyko's "Memoirs":We were amazed to find ourselves treated as equals and placed at their table to enjoy what for us was a sumptuous feast. We realised then that not for nothing did the Soviet state treat its scientists well: evidently science and those who worked in it were highly regarded by the state.After that day of pleasantry, Gromyko for the first time in his life wanted to enter higher education, but without warning, Gromyko and his family were moved in 1934 to Moscow, settling in the northeastern Alexeyevsky District. In 1936, after another three years of studying economics, Gromyko became a researcher and lecturer at the Soviet Academy of Sciences. His area of expertise was the US economy, and he published several books on the subject. Gromyko assumed his new job would be a permanent one, but in 1939 he was called upon by a Central Committee Commission which selected new personnel to work in diplomacy. (The Great Purge of 1938 opened many positions in the diplomatic corps.) Gromyko recognised such familiar faces as Vyacheslav Molotov and Georgy Malenkov. A couple of days later he was transferred from the Academy of Sciences to the diplomatic service.In early 1939, Gromyko started working for the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs in Moscow. Gromyko became the Head of the Department of Americas and because of his position Gromyko met with United States ambassador to the Soviet Union Lawrence Steinhardt. Gromyko believed Steinhardt to be "totally uninterested in creating good relations between the US and the USSR" and that Steinhardt's predecessor Joseph Davies was more "colourful" and seemed "genuinely interested" in improving the relations between the two countries. Davies received the Order of Lenin for his work in trying to improve diplomatic relations between the US and the USSR. After heading the Americas department for 6 months, Gromyko was called upon by Joseph Stalin. Stalin started the conversation by telling Gromyko that he would be sent to the Soviet embassy in the United States to become second-in-command. "The Soviet Union," Stalin said, "should maintain reasonable relations with such a powerful country like the United States, especially in light of the growing fascist threat". Vyacheslav Molotov contributed with some minor modifications but mostly agreed with what Stalin had said. "How are your English skills improving?," Stalin asked, "Comrade Gromyko you should pay a visit or two to an American church and listen to their sermons. Priests usually speak correct English with good accents. Do you know that the Russian revolutionaries when they were abroad, always followed this practice to improve their skills in foreign languages?" Gromyko was quite amazed about what Stalin had just told him but he never visited an American church.Gromyko had never been abroad before and, to get to the United States, he had to travel via airplane through Romania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia to Genoa, Italy, where they boarded a ship to the United States. He later wrote in his "Memoirs" that New York City was a good example on how humans, by the "means of wealth and technology are able to create something that is totally alien to our nature". He further noticed the New York working districts which, in his own opinion, were proof of the inhumanity of capitalism and of the system's greed. Gromyko met and consulted with most of the senior officers of the United States government during his first days and succeeded Maxim Litvinov as ambassador to the United States in 1943. In his "Memoirs" Gromyko wrote fondly of President Franklin D. Roosevelt even though he believed him to be a representative of the bourgeoisie class. During his time as ambassador, Gromyko met prominent personalities such as British actor Charlie Chaplin, and British economist John Maynard Keynes.Gromyko was a Soviet delegate to the Tehran, Dumbarton Oaks, Yalta and Potsdam conferences. In 1943, the same year as the Tehran Conference, the USSR established diplomatic relations with Cuba and Gromyko was appointed the Soviet ambassador to Havana. Gromyko claimed that the accusations brought against Roosevelt by American right-wingers, that he was a socialist sympathizer, were absurd. While he started out as a member delegate Gromyko later became the head of the Soviet delegation to the San Francisco conference after Molotov's departure. When he later returned to Moscow to celebrate the Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War, Stalin commended him saying a good diplomat was "worth two or three armies at the front".Gromyko was appointed Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations (UN) in April 1946. The USSR supported the election of the first Secretary-General of the United Nations, Trygve Lie, a former Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs. However, in the opinion of Gromyko, Lie became an active supporter of the "expansionist behaviour" of the United States and its "American aggressionist" policy. Because of this political stance, Gromyko believed Lie to be a poor Secretary-General. Trygve's successor, Swede Dag Hammarskjöld also promoted what Gromyko saw as "anti-Soviet policies". U Thant, the third Secretary-General, once told Gromyko that it was close to impossible to have an objective opinion of the USSR in the Secretariat of the United Nations because the majority of secretariat members were of American ethnicity or supporters of the United States. Gromyko often used the Soviet veto power in the early days of the United Nations. So familiar was a Soviet veto in the early days of the UN that Gromyko became known as "Mr Nyet", literally meaning "Mr No". During the first 10 years of the UN, the Soviet Union used its veto 79 times. In the same period, the Republic of China used the veto once, France twice and the others not at all. On May 14, 1947, Gromyko advocated the one-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and the two-state solution as the second best option in the case that "relations between the Jewish and Arab populations of Palestine... proved to be so bad that it would be impossible to reconcile them".Gromyko was appointed Soviet ambassador to the United Kingdom at a June 1952 meeting with Joseph Stalin in the Kremlin. Stalin paced back and forth as normal, telling Gromyko about the importance of his new office, and saying "The United Kingdom now has the opportunity to play a greater role in international politics. But it is not clear in which direction the British government with their great diplomatic experience will steer their efforts [...] This is why we need people who understand their way of thinking". Gromyko met with Winston Churchill in 1952 not to talk about current politics but nostalgically about World War II. Gromyko met Churchill again in 1953 to talk about their experiences during World War II before returning to Russia when he was appointed Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs.During his initial days as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Andrei Gromyko devoted most of his time battling the International Department (ID) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) under Boris Ponomarev. Ponomarev advocated an expanded role for the ID in Soviet foreign relations but Gromyko flatly refused. A top Soviet official, Valentin Falin, said the ID "interfered in the activities" of Gromyko and his ministry countless times. Gromyko disliked both Ponomarev and the power sharing between the ID and the foreign ministry. However, even in the midst of such political infighting, Gromyko presided over many key junctures in the Soviet Union's diplomacy throughout his tenure as Foreign Minister.One of his first tests as his country's chief diplomat came in 1958 when he addressed Mao Zedong's request for the Soviet Union to back his planned war with the Republic of China (Taiwan). During their discussions, Mao flabbergasted Gromyko by telling him that he was willing to sacrifice the lives of "300 million people" to bring about the Republic of China's annexation. Gromyko affirmed to Mao that his proposal would never get the approval of the Soviet leadership. Upon learning of this discussion, Moscow terminated the Soviet-Chinese nuclear program along with various industrialization projects in the People's Republic of China. Years later during the Cuban Missile Crisis, Gromyko met John F. Kennedy, then President of the United States, while acting under instructions from the current Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev. In his "Memoirs", Gromyko wrote that Kennedy seemed out of touch when he first met him, and was more ideologically driven than practical. In a 1988 interview, he further described Kennedy as nervous and prone to making contradictory statements involving American intentions towards Cuba. Gromyko, in addition to John F. Kennedy, held important political discussions with Dean Rusk, a former United States Secretary of State, in regards to the Cuban Missile Crisis. He defended his nations actions, stating that the Soviet Union had every right to be present in Cuba, especially considering the fact that the USA had established their own missiles in Turkey (Jupiter intermediate-range ballistic missiles). To Gromyko it seemed ironical, the Soviet Union was blamed for their presence in Cuba, yet America had established countless of foreign military bases worldwide. After several negotiations, Gromyko mentioned: "By Rusk's behavior it was possible to observe how painfully the American leaders are suffering the fact that the Soviet Union decisively has stood on the side of Cuba...", showcasing Rusk's weak character, as stated in Gromyko's Telegram.Later, under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev, Gromyko played a key role in the establishment of détente, a new phase of Soviet-American relations characterized by a significant reduction of tensions which lasted until 1979. In furtherance of this new arrangement, he oversaw the signing of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on 1 July 1968, the ABM and SALT I treaties in 1972, and the Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War in 1973. During his twenty-eight years as Minister of Foreign Affairs Gromyko supported the policy of disarmament, stating in his "Memoirs" that "Disarmament is the ideal of Socialism".Throughout his career, Gromyko explicitly promoted the idea that no important international agreement could be reached without the Soviet Union's involvement. Towards this end, one accomplishment he took particular pride in was the signing of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty whose negotiation could be traced back to 1958. Additionally, in 1966, Gromyko and Alexei Kosygin persuaded both Pakistan and India to sign the Tashkent Declaration, a peace treaty in the aftermath of the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965. Later in the same year, he engaged in a dialogue with Pope Paul VI, as part of the pontiff's ostpolitik that resulted in greater openness for the Roman Catholic Church in Eastern Europe despite heavy persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union itself.In 1973, Gromyko was promoted to a full voting member of the Politburo, the Soviet Union's highest decision-making body. Upon reaching the peak of his power and influence, Gromyko's approach to diplomacy began to suffer from the same qualities that underpinned his early career. His exceptional memory and confidence in his experience now made him inflexible, unimaginative and devoid of a long-term vision for his country. By the time Andropov and Chernenko rose to the Soviet leadership, Gromyko frequently found himself advocating a harder line than his superiors.When Brezhnev's ability to govern was impaired following a stroke in 1975, Gromyko effectively dominated Soviet policymaking alongside KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov, Defense Minister Marshal Andrei Grechko, and Grechko's successor, Marshal Dmitry Ustinov, for the rest of Brezhnev's rule. After Brezhnev's death in 1982, Andropov was voted in as General Secretary by the Politburo. Immediately after his appointment, Andropov asked Gromyko if he wanted to take over Brezhnev's old office of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. However, Gromyko turned down Andropov's offer, believing Andropov would eventually take the office for himself.Ever since being appointed Foreign Minister in February 1957, Gromyko never challenged the authority of those elected to lead the Soviet Union by the Central Committee. However, this changed when the ailing Konstantin Chernenko rose to become the country's de jure ruler. Unimpressed by the new leader's feeble gasp of foreign relations and weak standing in the Politburo, Gromyko aggressively asserted control over Soviet diplomacy to the point of regularly interrupting and contradicting Chernenko in front of other world leaders. Thus, despite Chernenko's interest in reviving détente, the longtime Foreign Minister's distrust of the West rendered any relaxation of tensions impossible.After Chernenko's death in 1985, Gromyko nominated Mikhail Gorbachev for the General Secretary on 11 March 1985. In supporting Gorbachev, Gromyko knew that the influence he carried would be strong. Upon being elected, Gorbachev relieved Gromyko as foreign minister and replaced him with Eduard Shevardnadze. Subsequently, he was appointed to the largely honorary position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.Gromyko held the office of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, literally head of state, which was largely ceremonial, and his influence in ruling circles diminished. A number of First World journalists believed Gromyko was uncomfortable with many of Gorbachev's reforms, however, in his "Memoirs" Gromyko wrote fondly of Gorbachev and the policy of perestroika. Gromyko believed that perestroika was about working for the construction of a socialist society and saw glasnost and perestroika as an attempt at making the USSR more democratic.During a party conference in July 1988 Vladimir Melnikov called for Gromyko's resignation. Melnikov blamed Brezhnev for the economic and political stagnation that had hit the Soviet Union and, seeing that Gromyko, as a prominent member of the Brezhnev leadership, was one of the men who had led the USSR into the crisis. Gromyko was promptly defended as "a man respected by the people" in a note by an anonymous delegate. After discussing it with his wife Gromyko decided to leave Soviet politics for good. Gromyko recounts in his "Memoirs" that before he made it official he told Gorbachev that he wished to resign. The following day, 1 October 1988, Gromyko sat beside Gorbachev, Yegor Ligachev and Nikolai Ryzhkov in the Supreme Soviet to make his resignation official:Such moments in life are just as memorable as when one is appointed to prominent positions. When my comrades took farewell to me, I was equally moved as I had ever been when I was given an important office. What I thought most about was that I had finished my duties towards the people, the Party and the state. This memory is very precious to me.Gorbachev succeeded Gromyko in office as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. After his resignation Gorbachev praised Gromyko for his half-century of service to USSR. Critics, such as Alexander Belonogov, the Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations, claimed Gromyko's foreign policy was permeated with "a spirit of intolerance and confrontation".After retiring from active politics in 1989 Gromyko started working on his memoirs. Gromyko died on 2 July 1989, days before what would have been his 80th birthday, after being hospitalised for a vascular problem that was not further identified. His death was followed by a minute of silence at the Congress of People's Deputies to commemorate him. The Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS), the central news organ in the USSR, called him one of the country's most "prominent leaders". President of the United States George H. W. Bush sent his condolences to Gromyko's son, Anatoly. Gromyko was offered a grave in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, but at the request of his family he was not buried near the Moscow Kremlin Wall but instead at the Novodevichy Cemetery.Having been a person of considerable stature during his life Gromyko held an unusual combination of personal characteristics. Some were impressed by his diplomatic skills, while others called Gromyko mundane and boring. An article written in 1981 in "The Times" said, "He is one of the most active and efficient members of the Soviet leadership. A man with an excellent memory, a keen intellect and extraordinary endurance [...] Maybe Andrey is the most informed Minister for Foreign affairs in the world". Gromyko's dour demeanour was shown clearly during his first term in Washington and echoed throughout his tenure as Soviet foreign minister. Ambassador Charles W. Yost, who worked with Gromyko at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, the UN founding conference, and at the United Nations, recalled that the "humorless" Soviet ambassador "looked as though he was sucking a lemon."There is a story that Gromyko was leaving a Washington hotel one morning and was asked by a reporter; "Minister Gromyko, did you enjoy your breakfast today?" His response was "Perhaps."During his twenty-eight years as minister of foreign affairs Gromyko became the "number-one" on international diplomacy at home, renowned by his peers to be consumed by his work. Henry Kissinger once said "If you can face Gromyko for one hour and survive, then you can begin to call yourself a diplomat". Gromyko's work influenced Soviet and Russian ambassadors such as Anatoly Dobrynin. Mash Lewis and Gregory Elliott described Gromyko's main characteristic as his "complete identification with the interest of the state and his faithful service to it". According to historians Gregory Elliot and Moshe Lewin this could help explain his so-called "boring" personality and the mastery of his own ego. West German politician Egon Bahr, when commenting on Gromyko's memoirs, said;He has concealed a veritable treasure-trove from future generations and taken to the grave with him an inestimable knowledge of international connection between the historical events and major figures of his time, which only he could offer. What a pity that this very man proved incapable to the very end of evoking his experience. As a faithful servant of the state, he believed that he should restrict himself to a sober, concise presentation of the bare essentials.On 18 July 2009, Belarus marked the 100th anniversary of Gromyko's birth with nationwide celebrations. In the city of his birth many people laid flowers in front of his bust. A ceremony was held attended by his son and daughter, Anatoly and Emiliya. Several exhibitions were opened and dedicated to his honour and a school and a street in Gomel were renamed in honour of him.	[ "Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations", "First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union", "ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the United States" ]
Which team did Cyril Granon play for in Jan, 1995?	January 21, 1995	{ "text": [ "FC Mulhouse" ] }	L2_Q5200742_P54_2	Cyril Granon plays for A.C. Ajaccio from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2004. Cyril Granon plays for F.C. Lorient from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1993. Cyril Granon plays for Racing Club de Ferrol from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006. Cyril Granon plays for AS Monaco FC from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1992. Cyril Granon plays for FC Mulhouse from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1996. Cyril Granon plays for AS Aix-en-Provence from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.	Cyril GranonCyril Granon (born February 21, 1972 in Aix-en-Provence) is a French professional football coach and a former player.	[ "AS Monaco FC", "F.C. Lorient", "AS Aix-en-Provence", "A.C. Ajaccio", "Racing Club de Ferrol" ]
Which team did Cyril Granon play for in 1995-01-21?	January 21, 1995	{ "text": [ "FC Mulhouse" ] }	L2_Q5200742_P54_2	Cyril Granon plays for A.C. Ajaccio from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2004. Cyril Granon plays for F.C. Lorient from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1993. Cyril Granon plays for Racing Club de Ferrol from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006. Cyril Granon plays for AS Monaco FC from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1992. Cyril Granon plays for FC Mulhouse from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1996. Cyril Granon plays for AS Aix-en-Provence from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.	Cyril GranonCyril Granon (born February 21, 1972 in Aix-en-Provence) is a French professional football coach and a former player.	[ "AS Monaco FC", "F.C. Lorient", "AS Aix-en-Provence", "A.C. Ajaccio", "Racing Club de Ferrol" ]
Which team did Cyril Granon play for in 21/01/1995?	January 21, 1995	{ "text": [ "FC Mulhouse" ] }	L2_Q5200742_P54_2	Cyril Granon plays for A.C. Ajaccio from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2004. Cyril Granon plays for F.C. Lorient from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1993. Cyril Granon plays for Racing Club de Ferrol from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006. Cyril Granon plays for AS Monaco FC from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1992. Cyril Granon plays for FC Mulhouse from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1996. Cyril Granon plays for AS Aix-en-Provence from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.	Cyril GranonCyril Granon (born February 21, 1972 in Aix-en-Provence) is a French professional football coach and a former player.	[ "AS Monaco FC", "F.C. Lorient", "AS Aix-en-Provence", "A.C. Ajaccio", "Racing Club de Ferrol" ]
Which team did Cyril Granon play for in Jan 21, 1995?	January 21, 1995	{ "text": [ "FC Mulhouse" ] }	L2_Q5200742_P54_2	Cyril Granon plays for A.C. Ajaccio from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2004. Cyril Granon plays for F.C. Lorient from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1993. Cyril Granon plays for Racing Club de Ferrol from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006. Cyril Granon plays for AS Monaco FC from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1992. Cyril Granon plays for FC Mulhouse from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1996. Cyril Granon plays for AS Aix-en-Provence from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.	Cyril GranonCyril Granon (born February 21, 1972 in Aix-en-Provence) is a French professional football coach and a former player.	[ "AS Monaco FC", "F.C. Lorient", "AS Aix-en-Provence", "A.C. Ajaccio", "Racing Club de Ferrol" ]
Which team did Cyril Granon play for in 01/21/1995?	January 21, 1995	{ "text": [ "FC Mulhouse" ] }	L2_Q5200742_P54_2	Cyril Granon plays for A.C. Ajaccio from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2004. Cyril Granon plays for F.C. Lorient from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1993. Cyril Granon plays for Racing Club de Ferrol from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006. Cyril Granon plays for AS Monaco FC from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1992. Cyril Granon plays for FC Mulhouse from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1996. Cyril Granon plays for AS Aix-en-Provence from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.	Cyril GranonCyril Granon (born February 21, 1972 in Aix-en-Provence) is a French professional football coach and a former player.	[ "AS Monaco FC", "F.C. Lorient", "AS Aix-en-Provence", "A.C. Ajaccio", "Racing Club de Ferrol" ]
Which team did Cyril Granon play for in 21-Jan-199521-January-1995?	January 21, 1995	{ "text": [ "FC Mulhouse" ] }	L2_Q5200742_P54_2	Cyril Granon plays for A.C. Ajaccio from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2004. Cyril Granon plays for F.C. Lorient from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1993. Cyril Granon plays for Racing Club de Ferrol from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006. Cyril Granon plays for AS Monaco FC from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1992. Cyril Granon plays for FC Mulhouse from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1996. Cyril Granon plays for AS Aix-en-Provence from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008.	Cyril GranonCyril Granon (born February 21, 1972 in Aix-en-Provence) is a French professional football coach and a former player.	[ "AS Monaco FC", "F.C. Lorient", "AS Aix-en-Provence", "A.C. Ajaccio", "Racing Club de Ferrol" ]
Which team did Daniel Mustafá play for in Jan, 2012?	January 01, 2012	{ "text": [ "Independiente del Valle", "Palestine national football team", "Boca Unidos" ] }	L2_Q5218222_P54_7	Daniel Mustafá plays for Atlético Venezuela from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Daniel Mustafá plays for Alumni de Villa María from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007. Daniel Mustafá plays for San Marcos de Arica from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014. Daniel Mustafá plays for Palestine national football team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022. Daniel Mustafá plays for C.F. Estrela da Amadora from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Atlético Tigre from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011. Daniel Mustafá plays for Independiente del Valle from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Deportivo Ñublense from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Sportivo Ben Hur from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Daniel Mustafá plays for Boca Unidos from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012. Daniel Mustafá plays for Sociedad Deportiva Huesca from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. Daniel Mustafá plays for Racing de Córdoba from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.	Daniel MustafáDaniel Kabir Mustafá (born 2 August 1984) is a Palestinian footballer who plays for Argentine club as a central defender.The son of a father of Palestinian descent and a mother of Italian and Spanish ancestries, Mustafá was born in Bell Ville, Córdoba. He started his playing career in the lower leagues of Argentine football, representing in quick succession Córdoba province clubs Talleres de Córdoba, Racing de Córdoba and Alumni de Villa María.In 2008, Mustafá played for another modest side, Club Sportivo Ben Hur of Rafaela, and had his first abroad experience in the following summer with Portugal's C.F. Estrela da Amadora. With the latter team, he appeared in half of the Primeira Liga matches as they were relegated due to irregularities.Mustafa's next stop was in Spain, with Segunda División club SD Huesca. There, he only featured in one (incomplete) match, and was released in mid-January 2010 after reporting later than expected from the Christmas break, returning to the other country in the Iberian Peninsula as he joined league strugglers C.F. Os Belenenses, also Lisbon-based.On 14 June 2010, after suffering another top flight relegation in Portugal, Mustafá returned to Argentina, moving to Primera División side Club Atlético Tigre. In January 2013, after brief spells with Independiente José Terán and Boca Unidos, he joined San Marcos de Arica in the Chilean Primera División.In spite of his team's relegation, Mustafá continued with the club but, in April 2014, returned to his homeland after the 8.2 earthquake.In 2006, talks between Mustafá and the Palestinian Football Association in order for the former to represent the latter's national team took place, but no agreement was reached. Finally, he was selected for the squad that competed in the 2012 WAFF Championship, gaining his first cap on 8 December in a 1–2 loss against Kuwait.	[ "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela", "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela", "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela" ]
Which team did Daniel Mustafá play for in 2012-01-01?	January 01, 2012	{ "text": [ "Independiente del Valle", "Palestine national football team", "Boca Unidos" ] }	L2_Q5218222_P54_7	Daniel Mustafá plays for Atlético Venezuela from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Daniel Mustafá plays for Alumni de Villa María from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007. Daniel Mustafá plays for San Marcos de Arica from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014. Daniel Mustafá plays for Palestine national football team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022. Daniel Mustafá plays for C.F. Estrela da Amadora from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Atlético Tigre from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011. Daniel Mustafá plays for Independiente del Valle from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Deportivo Ñublense from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Sportivo Ben Hur from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Daniel Mustafá plays for Boca Unidos from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012. Daniel Mustafá plays for Sociedad Deportiva Huesca from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. Daniel Mustafá plays for Racing de Córdoba from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.	Daniel MustafáDaniel Kabir Mustafá (born 2 August 1984) is a Palestinian footballer who plays for Argentine club as a central defender.The son of a father of Palestinian descent and a mother of Italian and Spanish ancestries, Mustafá was born in Bell Ville, Córdoba. He started his playing career in the lower leagues of Argentine football, representing in quick succession Córdoba province clubs Talleres de Córdoba, Racing de Córdoba and Alumni de Villa María.In 2008, Mustafá played for another modest side, Club Sportivo Ben Hur of Rafaela, and had his first abroad experience in the following summer with Portugal's C.F. Estrela da Amadora. With the latter team, he appeared in half of the Primeira Liga matches as they were relegated due to irregularities.Mustafa's next stop was in Spain, with Segunda División club SD Huesca. There, he only featured in one (incomplete) match, and was released in mid-January 2010 after reporting later than expected from the Christmas break, returning to the other country in the Iberian Peninsula as he joined league strugglers C.F. Os Belenenses, also Lisbon-based.On 14 June 2010, after suffering another top flight relegation in Portugal, Mustafá returned to Argentina, moving to Primera División side Club Atlético Tigre. In January 2013, after brief spells with Independiente José Terán and Boca Unidos, he joined San Marcos de Arica in the Chilean Primera División.In spite of his team's relegation, Mustafá continued with the club but, in April 2014, returned to his homeland after the 8.2 earthquake.In 2006, talks between Mustafá and the Palestinian Football Association in order for the former to represent the latter's national team took place, but no agreement was reached. Finally, he was selected for the squad that competed in the 2012 WAFF Championship, gaining his first cap on 8 December in a 1–2 loss against Kuwait.	[ "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela", "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela", "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela" ]
Which team did Daniel Mustafá play for in 01/01/2012?	January 01, 2012	{ "text": [ "Independiente del Valle", "Palestine national football team", "Boca Unidos" ] }	L2_Q5218222_P54_7	Daniel Mustafá plays for Atlético Venezuela from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Daniel Mustafá plays for Alumni de Villa María from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007. Daniel Mustafá plays for San Marcos de Arica from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014. Daniel Mustafá plays for Palestine national football team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022. Daniel Mustafá plays for C.F. Estrela da Amadora from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Atlético Tigre from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011. Daniel Mustafá plays for Independiente del Valle from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Deportivo Ñublense from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Sportivo Ben Hur from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Daniel Mustafá plays for Boca Unidos from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012. Daniel Mustafá plays for Sociedad Deportiva Huesca from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. Daniel Mustafá plays for Racing de Córdoba from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.	Daniel MustafáDaniel Kabir Mustafá (born 2 August 1984) is a Palestinian footballer who plays for Argentine club as a central defender.The son of a father of Palestinian descent and a mother of Italian and Spanish ancestries, Mustafá was born in Bell Ville, Córdoba. He started his playing career in the lower leagues of Argentine football, representing in quick succession Córdoba province clubs Talleres de Córdoba, Racing de Córdoba and Alumni de Villa María.In 2008, Mustafá played for another modest side, Club Sportivo Ben Hur of Rafaela, and had his first abroad experience in the following summer with Portugal's C.F. Estrela da Amadora. With the latter team, he appeared in half of the Primeira Liga matches as they were relegated due to irregularities.Mustafa's next stop was in Spain, with Segunda División club SD Huesca. There, he only featured in one (incomplete) match, and was released in mid-January 2010 after reporting later than expected from the Christmas break, returning to the other country in the Iberian Peninsula as he joined league strugglers C.F. Os Belenenses, also Lisbon-based.On 14 June 2010, after suffering another top flight relegation in Portugal, Mustafá returned to Argentina, moving to Primera División side Club Atlético Tigre. In January 2013, after brief spells with Independiente José Terán and Boca Unidos, he joined San Marcos de Arica in the Chilean Primera División.In spite of his team's relegation, Mustafá continued with the club but, in April 2014, returned to his homeland after the 8.2 earthquake.In 2006, talks between Mustafá and the Palestinian Football Association in order for the former to represent the latter's national team took place, but no agreement was reached. Finally, he was selected for the squad that competed in the 2012 WAFF Championship, gaining his first cap on 8 December in a 1–2 loss against Kuwait.	[ "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela", "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela", "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela" ]
Which team did Daniel Mustafá play for in Jan 01, 2012?	January 01, 2012	{ "text": [ "Independiente del Valle", "Palestine national football team", "Boca Unidos" ] }	L2_Q5218222_P54_7	Daniel Mustafá plays for Atlético Venezuela from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Daniel Mustafá plays for Alumni de Villa María from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007. Daniel Mustafá plays for San Marcos de Arica from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014. Daniel Mustafá plays for Palestine national football team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022. Daniel Mustafá plays for C.F. Estrela da Amadora from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Atlético Tigre from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011. Daniel Mustafá plays for Independiente del Valle from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Deportivo Ñublense from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Sportivo Ben Hur from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Daniel Mustafá plays for Boca Unidos from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012. Daniel Mustafá plays for Sociedad Deportiva Huesca from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. Daniel Mustafá plays for Racing de Córdoba from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.	Daniel MustafáDaniel Kabir Mustafá (born 2 August 1984) is a Palestinian footballer who plays for Argentine club as a central defender.The son of a father of Palestinian descent and a mother of Italian and Spanish ancestries, Mustafá was born in Bell Ville, Córdoba. He started his playing career in the lower leagues of Argentine football, representing in quick succession Córdoba province clubs Talleres de Córdoba, Racing de Córdoba and Alumni de Villa María.In 2008, Mustafá played for another modest side, Club Sportivo Ben Hur of Rafaela, and had his first abroad experience in the following summer with Portugal's C.F. Estrela da Amadora. With the latter team, he appeared in half of the Primeira Liga matches as they were relegated due to irregularities.Mustafa's next stop was in Spain, with Segunda División club SD Huesca. There, he only featured in one (incomplete) match, and was released in mid-January 2010 after reporting later than expected from the Christmas break, returning to the other country in the Iberian Peninsula as he joined league strugglers C.F. Os Belenenses, also Lisbon-based.On 14 June 2010, after suffering another top flight relegation in Portugal, Mustafá returned to Argentina, moving to Primera División side Club Atlético Tigre. In January 2013, after brief spells with Independiente José Terán and Boca Unidos, he joined San Marcos de Arica in the Chilean Primera División.In spite of his team's relegation, Mustafá continued with the club but, in April 2014, returned to his homeland after the 8.2 earthquake.In 2006, talks between Mustafá and the Palestinian Football Association in order for the former to represent the latter's national team took place, but no agreement was reached. Finally, he was selected for the squad that competed in the 2012 WAFF Championship, gaining his first cap on 8 December in a 1–2 loss against Kuwait.	[ "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela", "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela", "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela" ]
Which team did Daniel Mustafá play for in 01/01/2012?	January 01, 2012	{ "text": [ "Independiente del Valle", "Palestine national football team", "Boca Unidos" ] }	L2_Q5218222_P54_7	Daniel Mustafá plays for Atlético Venezuela from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Daniel Mustafá plays for Alumni de Villa María from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007. Daniel Mustafá plays for San Marcos de Arica from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014. Daniel Mustafá plays for Palestine national football team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022. Daniel Mustafá plays for C.F. Estrela da Amadora from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Atlético Tigre from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011. Daniel Mustafá plays for Independiente del Valle from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Deportivo Ñublense from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Sportivo Ben Hur from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Daniel Mustafá plays for Boca Unidos from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012. Daniel Mustafá plays for Sociedad Deportiva Huesca from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. Daniel Mustafá plays for Racing de Córdoba from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.	Daniel MustafáDaniel Kabir Mustafá (born 2 August 1984) is a Palestinian footballer who plays for Argentine club as a central defender.The son of a father of Palestinian descent and a mother of Italian and Spanish ancestries, Mustafá was born in Bell Ville, Córdoba. He started his playing career in the lower leagues of Argentine football, representing in quick succession Córdoba province clubs Talleres de Córdoba, Racing de Córdoba and Alumni de Villa María.In 2008, Mustafá played for another modest side, Club Sportivo Ben Hur of Rafaela, and had his first abroad experience in the following summer with Portugal's C.F. Estrela da Amadora. With the latter team, he appeared in half of the Primeira Liga matches as they were relegated due to irregularities.Mustafa's next stop was in Spain, with Segunda División club SD Huesca. There, he only featured in one (incomplete) match, and was released in mid-January 2010 after reporting later than expected from the Christmas break, returning to the other country in the Iberian Peninsula as he joined league strugglers C.F. Os Belenenses, also Lisbon-based.On 14 June 2010, after suffering another top flight relegation in Portugal, Mustafá returned to Argentina, moving to Primera División side Club Atlético Tigre. In January 2013, after brief spells with Independiente José Terán and Boca Unidos, he joined San Marcos de Arica in the Chilean Primera División.In spite of his team's relegation, Mustafá continued with the club but, in April 2014, returned to his homeland after the 8.2 earthquake.In 2006, talks between Mustafá and the Palestinian Football Association in order for the former to represent the latter's national team took place, but no agreement was reached. Finally, he was selected for the squad that competed in the 2012 WAFF Championship, gaining his first cap on 8 December in a 1–2 loss against Kuwait.	[ "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela", "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela", "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela" ]
Which team did Daniel Mustafá play for in 01-Jan-201201-January-2012?	January 01, 2012	{ "text": [ "Independiente del Valle", "Palestine national football team", "Boca Unidos" ] }	L2_Q5218222_P54_7	Daniel Mustafá plays for Atlético Venezuela from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Daniel Mustafá plays for Alumni de Villa María from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007. Daniel Mustafá plays for San Marcos de Arica from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014. Daniel Mustafá plays for Palestine national football team from Jan, 2012 to Dec, 2022. Daniel Mustafá plays for C.F. Estrela da Amadora from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Atlético Tigre from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011. Daniel Mustafá plays for Independiente del Valle from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Deportivo Ñublense from Jan, 2015 to Dec, 2022. Daniel Mustafá plays for Club Sportivo Ben Hur from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Daniel Mustafá plays for Boca Unidos from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2012. Daniel Mustafá plays for Sociedad Deportiva Huesca from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. Daniel Mustafá plays for Racing de Córdoba from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006.	Daniel MustafáDaniel Kabir Mustafá (born 2 August 1984) is a Palestinian footballer who plays for Argentine club as a central defender.The son of a father of Palestinian descent and a mother of Italian and Spanish ancestries, Mustafá was born in Bell Ville, Córdoba. He started his playing career in the lower leagues of Argentine football, representing in quick succession Córdoba province clubs Talleres de Córdoba, Racing de Córdoba and Alumni de Villa María.In 2008, Mustafá played for another modest side, Club Sportivo Ben Hur of Rafaela, and had his first abroad experience in the following summer with Portugal's C.F. Estrela da Amadora. With the latter team, he appeared in half of the Primeira Liga matches as they were relegated due to irregularities.Mustafa's next stop was in Spain, with Segunda División club SD Huesca. There, he only featured in one (incomplete) match, and was released in mid-January 2010 after reporting later than expected from the Christmas break, returning to the other country in the Iberian Peninsula as he joined league strugglers C.F. Os Belenenses, also Lisbon-based.On 14 June 2010, after suffering another top flight relegation in Portugal, Mustafá returned to Argentina, moving to Primera División side Club Atlético Tigre. In January 2013, after brief spells with Independiente José Terán and Boca Unidos, he joined San Marcos de Arica in the Chilean Primera División.In spite of his team's relegation, Mustafá continued with the club but, in April 2014, returned to his homeland after the 8.2 earthquake.In 2006, talks between Mustafá and the Palestinian Football Association in order for the former to represent the latter's national team took place, but no agreement was reached. Finally, he was selected for the squad that competed in the 2012 WAFF Championship, gaining his first cap on 8 December in a 1–2 loss against Kuwait.	[ "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela", "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela", "Alumni de Villa María", "Club Deportivo Ñublense", "Club Sportivo Ben Hur", "Sociedad Deportiva Huesca", "Club Atlético Tigre", "San Marcos de Arica", "C.F. Estrela da Amadora", "Racing de Córdoba", "Atlético Venezuela" ]
Which team did Juan Sabas play for in Dec, 2001?	December 14, 2001	{ "text": [ "Galáctico Pegaso" ] }	L2_Q4886381_P54_6	Juan Sabas plays for Atlético Madrid from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1994. Juan Sabas plays for CP Mérida from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999. Juan Sabas plays for Albacete Balompié from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Real Betis Balompié from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1997. Juan Sabas plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1990. Juan Sabas plays for Real Balompédica Linense from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Hércules CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Tomelloso CF from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1986. Juan Sabas plays for Galáctico Pegaso from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.	Juan SabasJuan Sabas Huertas Lorente (born 13 April 1967) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a forward, and is a current manager.After starting out with local teams, Madrid-born Sabas went on to play as a senior for Rayo Vallecano, Atlético Madrid (where he was used mainly as a substitute), Real Betis, CP Mérida, Albacete Balompié, Real Balompédica Linense, Hércules CF and Ciudad de Murcia, starting and finishing his 17-year career with Galáctico Pegaso and retiring at the age of 35.Sabas appeared in 196 La Liga matches over nine seasons, and scored 34 goals. In Segunda División, he added 82 games and 17 goals.Sabas returned to Atlético in early 2009 as part of former teammate Abel Resino's coaching staff, having already worked with him in that capacity at Ciudad de Murcia and Levante UD. His first managerial experience occurred with UD San Sebastián de los Reyes during the 2013–14 season, and he later became a director of football at the very same club. On 29 December 2016, Sabas was appointed head coach at Extremadura UD of the third level, but was sacked the following 1 August. He returned to the "Estadio Francisco de la Hera" on 1 May 2018, helping achieve a first-ever promotion to the second tier; on 10 November, however, he was again dismissed.Sabas was appointed by Córdoba CF on 10 March 2020, after the dismissal of Raül Agné. On 1 December, after only six matches, he was sacked.Atlético MadridCiudad de Murcia	[ "Tomelloso CF", "Real Betis Balompié", "CP Mérida", "Rayo Vallecano", "Real Balompédica Linense", "Albacete Balompié", "Hércules CF", "Atlético Madrid" ]
Which team did Juan Sabas play for in 2001-12-14?	December 14, 2001	{ "text": [ "Galáctico Pegaso" ] }	L2_Q4886381_P54_6	Juan Sabas plays for Atlético Madrid from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1994. Juan Sabas plays for CP Mérida from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999. Juan Sabas plays for Albacete Balompié from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Real Betis Balompié from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1997. Juan Sabas plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1990. Juan Sabas plays for Real Balompédica Linense from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Hércules CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Tomelloso CF from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1986. Juan Sabas plays for Galáctico Pegaso from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.	Juan SabasJuan Sabas Huertas Lorente (born 13 April 1967) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a forward, and is a current manager.After starting out with local teams, Madrid-born Sabas went on to play as a senior for Rayo Vallecano, Atlético Madrid (where he was used mainly as a substitute), Real Betis, CP Mérida, Albacete Balompié, Real Balompédica Linense, Hércules CF and Ciudad de Murcia, starting and finishing his 17-year career with Galáctico Pegaso and retiring at the age of 35.Sabas appeared in 196 La Liga matches over nine seasons, and scored 34 goals. In Segunda División, he added 82 games and 17 goals.Sabas returned to Atlético in early 2009 as part of former teammate Abel Resino's coaching staff, having already worked with him in that capacity at Ciudad de Murcia and Levante UD. His first managerial experience occurred with UD San Sebastián de los Reyes during the 2013–14 season, and he later became a director of football at the very same club. On 29 December 2016, Sabas was appointed head coach at Extremadura UD of the third level, but was sacked the following 1 August. He returned to the "Estadio Francisco de la Hera" on 1 May 2018, helping achieve a first-ever promotion to the second tier; on 10 November, however, he was again dismissed.Sabas was appointed by Córdoba CF on 10 March 2020, after the dismissal of Raül Agné. On 1 December, after only six matches, he was sacked.Atlético MadridCiudad de Murcia	[ "Tomelloso CF", "Real Betis Balompié", "CP Mérida", "Rayo Vallecano", "Real Balompédica Linense", "Albacete Balompié", "Hércules CF", "Atlético Madrid" ]
Which team did Juan Sabas play for in 14/12/2001?	December 14, 2001	{ "text": [ "Galáctico Pegaso" ] }	L2_Q4886381_P54_6	Juan Sabas plays for Atlético Madrid from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1994. Juan Sabas plays for CP Mérida from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999. Juan Sabas plays for Albacete Balompié from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Real Betis Balompié from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1997. Juan Sabas plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1990. Juan Sabas plays for Real Balompédica Linense from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Hércules CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Tomelloso CF from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1986. Juan Sabas plays for Galáctico Pegaso from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.	Juan SabasJuan Sabas Huertas Lorente (born 13 April 1967) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a forward, and is a current manager.After starting out with local teams, Madrid-born Sabas went on to play as a senior for Rayo Vallecano, Atlético Madrid (where he was used mainly as a substitute), Real Betis, CP Mérida, Albacete Balompié, Real Balompédica Linense, Hércules CF and Ciudad de Murcia, starting and finishing his 17-year career with Galáctico Pegaso and retiring at the age of 35.Sabas appeared in 196 La Liga matches over nine seasons, and scored 34 goals. In Segunda División, he added 82 games and 17 goals.Sabas returned to Atlético in early 2009 as part of former teammate Abel Resino's coaching staff, having already worked with him in that capacity at Ciudad de Murcia and Levante UD. His first managerial experience occurred with UD San Sebastián de los Reyes during the 2013–14 season, and he later became a director of football at the very same club. On 29 December 2016, Sabas was appointed head coach at Extremadura UD of the third level, but was sacked the following 1 August. He returned to the "Estadio Francisco de la Hera" on 1 May 2018, helping achieve a first-ever promotion to the second tier; on 10 November, however, he was again dismissed.Sabas was appointed by Córdoba CF on 10 March 2020, after the dismissal of Raül Agné. On 1 December, after only six matches, he was sacked.Atlético MadridCiudad de Murcia	[ "Tomelloso CF", "Real Betis Balompié", "CP Mérida", "Rayo Vallecano", "Real Balompédica Linense", "Albacete Balompié", "Hércules CF", "Atlético Madrid" ]
Which team did Juan Sabas play for in Dec 14, 2001?	December 14, 2001	{ "text": [ "Galáctico Pegaso" ] }	L2_Q4886381_P54_6	Juan Sabas plays for Atlético Madrid from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1994. Juan Sabas plays for CP Mérida from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999. Juan Sabas plays for Albacete Balompié from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Real Betis Balompié from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1997. Juan Sabas plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1990. Juan Sabas plays for Real Balompédica Linense from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Hércules CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Tomelloso CF from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1986. Juan Sabas plays for Galáctico Pegaso from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.	Juan SabasJuan Sabas Huertas Lorente (born 13 April 1967) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a forward, and is a current manager.After starting out with local teams, Madrid-born Sabas went on to play as a senior for Rayo Vallecano, Atlético Madrid (where he was used mainly as a substitute), Real Betis, CP Mérida, Albacete Balompié, Real Balompédica Linense, Hércules CF and Ciudad de Murcia, starting and finishing his 17-year career with Galáctico Pegaso and retiring at the age of 35.Sabas appeared in 196 La Liga matches over nine seasons, and scored 34 goals. In Segunda División, he added 82 games and 17 goals.Sabas returned to Atlético in early 2009 as part of former teammate Abel Resino's coaching staff, having already worked with him in that capacity at Ciudad de Murcia and Levante UD. His first managerial experience occurred with UD San Sebastián de los Reyes during the 2013–14 season, and he later became a director of football at the very same club. On 29 December 2016, Sabas was appointed head coach at Extremadura UD of the third level, but was sacked the following 1 August. He returned to the "Estadio Francisco de la Hera" on 1 May 2018, helping achieve a first-ever promotion to the second tier; on 10 November, however, he was again dismissed.Sabas was appointed by Córdoba CF on 10 March 2020, after the dismissal of Raül Agné. On 1 December, after only six matches, he was sacked.Atlético MadridCiudad de Murcia	[ "Tomelloso CF", "Real Betis Balompié", "CP Mérida", "Rayo Vallecano", "Real Balompédica Linense", "Albacete Balompié", "Hércules CF", "Atlético Madrid" ]
Which team did Juan Sabas play for in 12/14/2001?	December 14, 2001	{ "text": [ "Galáctico Pegaso" ] }	L2_Q4886381_P54_6	Juan Sabas plays for Atlético Madrid from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1994. Juan Sabas plays for CP Mérida from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999. Juan Sabas plays for Albacete Balompié from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Real Betis Balompié from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1997. Juan Sabas plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1990. Juan Sabas plays for Real Balompédica Linense from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Hércules CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Tomelloso CF from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1986. Juan Sabas plays for Galáctico Pegaso from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.	Juan SabasJuan Sabas Huertas Lorente (born 13 April 1967) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a forward, and is a current manager.After starting out with local teams, Madrid-born Sabas went on to play as a senior for Rayo Vallecano, Atlético Madrid (where he was used mainly as a substitute), Real Betis, CP Mérida, Albacete Balompié, Real Balompédica Linense, Hércules CF and Ciudad de Murcia, starting and finishing his 17-year career with Galáctico Pegaso and retiring at the age of 35.Sabas appeared in 196 La Liga matches over nine seasons, and scored 34 goals. In Segunda División, he added 82 games and 17 goals.Sabas returned to Atlético in early 2009 as part of former teammate Abel Resino's coaching staff, having already worked with him in that capacity at Ciudad de Murcia and Levante UD. His first managerial experience occurred with UD San Sebastián de los Reyes during the 2013–14 season, and he later became a director of football at the very same club. On 29 December 2016, Sabas was appointed head coach at Extremadura UD of the third level, but was sacked the following 1 August. He returned to the "Estadio Francisco de la Hera" on 1 May 2018, helping achieve a first-ever promotion to the second tier; on 10 November, however, he was again dismissed.Sabas was appointed by Córdoba CF on 10 March 2020, after the dismissal of Raül Agné. On 1 December, after only six matches, he was sacked.Atlético MadridCiudad de Murcia	[ "Tomelloso CF", "Real Betis Balompié", "CP Mérida", "Rayo Vallecano", "Real Balompédica Linense", "Albacete Balompié", "Hércules CF", "Atlético Madrid" ]
Which team did Juan Sabas play for in 14-Dec-200114-December-2001?	December 14, 2001	{ "text": [ "Galáctico Pegaso" ] }	L2_Q4886381_P54_6	Juan Sabas plays for Atlético Madrid from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1994. Juan Sabas plays for CP Mérida from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999. Juan Sabas plays for Albacete Balompié from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Real Betis Balompié from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1997. Juan Sabas plays for Rayo Vallecano from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1990. Juan Sabas plays for Real Balompédica Linense from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Hércules CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001. Juan Sabas plays for Tomelloso CF from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1986. Juan Sabas plays for Galáctico Pegaso from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.	Juan SabasJuan Sabas Huertas Lorente (born 13 April 1967) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a forward, and is a current manager.After starting out with local teams, Madrid-born Sabas went on to play as a senior for Rayo Vallecano, Atlético Madrid (where he was used mainly as a substitute), Real Betis, CP Mérida, Albacete Balompié, Real Balompédica Linense, Hércules CF and Ciudad de Murcia, starting and finishing his 17-year career with Galáctico Pegaso and retiring at the age of 35.Sabas appeared in 196 La Liga matches over nine seasons, and scored 34 goals. In Segunda División, he added 82 games and 17 goals.Sabas returned to Atlético in early 2009 as part of former teammate Abel Resino's coaching staff, having already worked with him in that capacity at Ciudad de Murcia and Levante UD. His first managerial experience occurred with UD San Sebastián de los Reyes during the 2013–14 season, and he later became a director of football at the very same club. On 29 December 2016, Sabas was appointed head coach at Extremadura UD of the third level, but was sacked the following 1 August. He returned to the "Estadio Francisco de la Hera" on 1 May 2018, helping achieve a first-ever promotion to the second tier; on 10 November, however, he was again dismissed.Sabas was appointed by Córdoba CF on 10 March 2020, after the dismissal of Raül Agné. On 1 December, after only six matches, he was sacked.Atlético MadridCiudad de Murcia	[ "Tomelloso CF", "Real Betis Balompié", "CP Mérida", "Rayo Vallecano", "Real Balompédica Linense", "Albacete Balompié", "Hércules CF", "Atlético Madrid" ]
Who was the head of arrondissement of Alès in Sep, 1911?	September 07, 1911	{ "text": [ "Auguste Boivin" ] }	L2_Q700396_P6_27	Jean-Jacques Joseph Serres is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1800 to Jan, 1815. Stéphane Guyon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2008. Gérard Sénégas is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999. Gonthier Friederici is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1990. Louis Bezombes is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1888 to Jan, 1895. Jacques Millon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995. Charles Colomb is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1883 to Jan, 1888. Charles de Thézillat is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1865 to Jan, 1870. François Lamelot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2004. François Ambroggiani is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Jean-Baptiste Boffinton is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1854 to Jan, 1856. Clodomir de Chapelain is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1841 to Jan, 1852. Martin Sollier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1829 to Jan, 1830. Ernest Lolliot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1879 to Jan, 1880. José Delfau is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1927. Philippe Portal is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2011. Marcel Cot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1966. Joseph-Eugène Amelin is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1858 to Jan, 1860. Émile Marchais is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1940 to Jan, 1940. Jean-Marie Duval is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1993. Émile Nau de Beauregard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1852 to Jan, 1854. P. Mercier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1858 to Jan, 1858. Louis de Larcy is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1818 to Jan, 1827. Charles Bardon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1880 to Jan, 1883. Laurent Spadale is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. Auguste Boivin is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1911 to Jan, 1912. Pierre Cantegrel is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1971. Olivier Delcayrou is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2018. Alfred Fabre is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1895 to Jan, 1897. Thomas Louis Mercier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1831 to Jan, 1833. Franck Rouvière is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1927 to Jan, 1940. Pierre Goirand de Labaume is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1873 to Jan, 1877. Christophe Marx is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2014. Hippolyte Morlé is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1914. Michel Thénault is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988. Martial Baile is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1871 to Jan, 1873. Saint-Cyr-Montlaur is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1856 to Jan, 1858. Philippe de Narbonne-Lara is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1815 to Jan, 1817. Eugène Ducamp is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1870 to Jan, 1871. Sainte-Colombe is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1817 to Jan, 1818. Francis de Civrieux is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1863 to Jan, 1865. Auguste Ménard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1833 to Jan, 1837. Marcel Henri is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1958. Albert Carré is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1974. Dominique Bossu is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1877 to Jan, 1879. Albert Le Go is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1904 to Jan, 1911. Gilbert Cournon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1837 to Jan, 1841. Georges Bérard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1982 to Jan, 1985. Denis Chassaigne is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1940 to Jan, 1943. Jacques Palazy is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1979. Auguste Murjas is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1871 to Jan, 1871. Jean Lem is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1958 to Jan, 1964. Gilles-Henry Garault is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.	Arrondissement of AlèsThe arrondissement of Alès is an arrondissement of France in the Gard department in the Occitanie region. It has 97 communes. Its population is 148,139 (2016), and its area is .The communes of the arrondissement of Alès, and their INSEE codes, are:The arrondissement of Alès was created in 1800. At the January 2017 reorganisation of the arrondissements of Gard, it gained four communes from the arrondissement of Le Vigan, and it lost two communes to the arrondissement of Nîmes and six communes to the arrondissement of Le Vigan.As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Alès were, as of January 2015:	[ "Alfred Fabre", "Laurent Spadale", "Denis Chassaigne", "François Ambroggiani", "Philippe Portal", "Jean-Jacques Joseph Serres", "Martial Baile", "Thomas Louis Mercier", "Charles Bardon", "Dominique Bossu", "Gilbert Cournon", "Gilles-Henry Garault", "Jacques Millon", "Gérard Sénégas", "Clodomir de Chapelain", "Auguste Murjas", "Georges Bérard", "Michel Thénault", "Christophe Marx", "Albert Carré", "Charles Colomb", "Philippe de Narbonne-Lara", "Marcel Cot", "Pierre Cantegrel", "Joseph-Eugène Amelin", "François Lamelot", "Stéphane Guyon", "Charles de Thézillat", "Gonthier Friederici", "José Delfau", "Émile Marchais", "Louis Bezombes", "Ernest Lolliot", "Jacques Palazy", "Franck Rouvière", "Jean Lem", "Saint-Cyr-Montlaur", "Eugène Ducamp", "Francis de Civrieux", "Hippolyte Morlé", "Martin Sollier", "Olivier Delcayrou", "P. Mercier", "Sainte-Colombe", "Pierre Goirand de Labaume", "Albert Le Go", "Auguste Ménard", "Jean-Baptiste Boffinton", "Jean-Marie Duval", "Émile Nau de Beauregard", "Louis de Larcy", "Marcel Henri" ]
Who was the head of arrondissement of Alès in 1911-09-07?	September 07, 1911	{ "text": [ "Auguste Boivin" ] }	L2_Q700396_P6_27	Jean-Jacques Joseph Serres is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1800 to Jan, 1815. Stéphane Guyon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2008. Gérard Sénégas is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999. Gonthier Friederici is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1990. Louis Bezombes is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1888 to Jan, 1895. Jacques Millon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995. Charles Colomb is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1883 to Jan, 1888. Charles de Thézillat is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1865 to Jan, 1870. François Lamelot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2004. François Ambroggiani is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Jean-Baptiste Boffinton is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1854 to Jan, 1856. Clodomir de Chapelain is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1841 to Jan, 1852. Martin Sollier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1829 to Jan, 1830. Ernest Lolliot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1879 to Jan, 1880. José Delfau is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1927. Philippe Portal is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2011. Marcel Cot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1966. Joseph-Eugène Amelin is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1858 to Jan, 1860. Émile Marchais is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1940 to Jan, 1940. Jean-Marie Duval is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1993. Émile Nau de Beauregard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1852 to Jan, 1854. P. Mercier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1858 to Jan, 1858. Louis de Larcy is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1818 to Jan, 1827. Charles Bardon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1880 to Jan, 1883. Laurent Spadale is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. Auguste Boivin is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1911 to Jan, 1912. Pierre Cantegrel is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1971. Olivier Delcayrou is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2018. Alfred Fabre is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1895 to Jan, 1897. Thomas Louis Mercier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1831 to Jan, 1833. Franck Rouvière is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1927 to Jan, 1940. Pierre Goirand de Labaume is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1873 to Jan, 1877. Christophe Marx is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2014. Hippolyte Morlé is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1914. Michel Thénault is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988. Martial Baile is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1871 to Jan, 1873. Saint-Cyr-Montlaur is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1856 to Jan, 1858. Philippe de Narbonne-Lara is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1815 to Jan, 1817. Eugène Ducamp is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1870 to Jan, 1871. Sainte-Colombe is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1817 to Jan, 1818. Francis de Civrieux is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1863 to Jan, 1865. Auguste Ménard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1833 to Jan, 1837. Marcel Henri is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1958. Albert Carré is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1974. Dominique Bossu is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1877 to Jan, 1879. Albert Le Go is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1904 to Jan, 1911. Gilbert Cournon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1837 to Jan, 1841. Georges Bérard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1982 to Jan, 1985. Denis Chassaigne is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1940 to Jan, 1943. Jacques Palazy is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1979. Auguste Murjas is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1871 to Jan, 1871. Jean Lem is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1958 to Jan, 1964. Gilles-Henry Garault is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.	Arrondissement of AlèsThe arrondissement of Alès is an arrondissement of France in the Gard department in the Occitanie region. It has 97 communes. Its population is 148,139 (2016), and its area is .The communes of the arrondissement of Alès, and their INSEE codes, are:The arrondissement of Alès was created in 1800. At the January 2017 reorganisation of the arrondissements of Gard, it gained four communes from the arrondissement of Le Vigan, and it lost two communes to the arrondissement of Nîmes and six communes to the arrondissement of Le Vigan.As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Alès were, as of January 2015:	[ "Alfred Fabre", "Laurent Spadale", "Denis Chassaigne", "François Ambroggiani", "Philippe Portal", "Jean-Jacques Joseph Serres", "Martial Baile", "Thomas Louis Mercier", "Charles Bardon", "Dominique Bossu", "Gilbert Cournon", "Gilles-Henry Garault", "Jacques Millon", "Gérard Sénégas", "Clodomir de Chapelain", "Auguste Murjas", "Georges Bérard", "Michel Thénault", "Christophe Marx", "Albert Carré", "Charles Colomb", "Philippe de Narbonne-Lara", "Marcel Cot", "Pierre Cantegrel", "Joseph-Eugène Amelin", "François Lamelot", "Stéphane Guyon", "Charles de Thézillat", "Gonthier Friederici", "José Delfau", "Émile Marchais", "Louis Bezombes", "Ernest Lolliot", "Jacques Palazy", "Franck Rouvière", "Jean Lem", "Saint-Cyr-Montlaur", "Eugène Ducamp", "Francis de Civrieux", "Hippolyte Morlé", "Martin Sollier", "Olivier Delcayrou", "P. Mercier", "Sainte-Colombe", "Pierre Goirand de Labaume", "Albert Le Go", "Auguste Ménard", "Jean-Baptiste Boffinton", "Jean-Marie Duval", "Émile Nau de Beauregard", "Louis de Larcy", "Marcel Henri" ]
Who was the head of arrondissement of Alès in 07/09/1911?	September 07, 1911	{ "text": [ "Auguste Boivin" ] }	L2_Q700396_P6_27	Jean-Jacques Joseph Serres is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1800 to Jan, 1815. Stéphane Guyon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2008. Gérard Sénégas is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999. Gonthier Friederici is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1990. Louis Bezombes is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1888 to Jan, 1895. Jacques Millon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995. Charles Colomb is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1883 to Jan, 1888. Charles de Thézillat is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1865 to Jan, 1870. François Lamelot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2004. François Ambroggiani is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Jean-Baptiste Boffinton is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1854 to Jan, 1856. Clodomir de Chapelain is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1841 to Jan, 1852. Martin Sollier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1829 to Jan, 1830. Ernest Lolliot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1879 to Jan, 1880. José Delfau is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1927. Philippe Portal is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2011. Marcel Cot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1966. Joseph-Eugène Amelin is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1858 to Jan, 1860. Émile Marchais is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1940 to Jan, 1940. Jean-Marie Duval is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1993. Émile Nau de Beauregard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1852 to Jan, 1854. P. Mercier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1858 to Jan, 1858. Louis de Larcy is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1818 to Jan, 1827. Charles Bardon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1880 to Jan, 1883. Laurent Spadale is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. Auguste Boivin is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1911 to Jan, 1912. Pierre Cantegrel is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1971. Olivier Delcayrou is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2018. Alfred Fabre is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1895 to Jan, 1897. Thomas Louis Mercier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1831 to Jan, 1833. Franck Rouvière is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1927 to Jan, 1940. Pierre Goirand de Labaume is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1873 to Jan, 1877. Christophe Marx is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2014. Hippolyte Morlé is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1914. Michel Thénault is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988. Martial Baile is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1871 to Jan, 1873. Saint-Cyr-Montlaur is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1856 to Jan, 1858. Philippe de Narbonne-Lara is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1815 to Jan, 1817. Eugène Ducamp is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1870 to Jan, 1871. Sainte-Colombe is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1817 to Jan, 1818. Francis de Civrieux is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1863 to Jan, 1865. Auguste Ménard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1833 to Jan, 1837. Marcel Henri is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1958. Albert Carré is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1974. Dominique Bossu is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1877 to Jan, 1879. Albert Le Go is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1904 to Jan, 1911. Gilbert Cournon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1837 to Jan, 1841. Georges Bérard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1982 to Jan, 1985. Denis Chassaigne is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1940 to Jan, 1943. Jacques Palazy is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1979. Auguste Murjas is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1871 to Jan, 1871. Jean Lem is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1958 to Jan, 1964. Gilles-Henry Garault is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.	Arrondissement of AlèsThe arrondissement of Alès is an arrondissement of France in the Gard department in the Occitanie region. It has 97 communes. Its population is 148,139 (2016), and its area is .The communes of the arrondissement of Alès, and their INSEE codes, are:The arrondissement of Alès was created in 1800. At the January 2017 reorganisation of the arrondissements of Gard, it gained four communes from the arrondissement of Le Vigan, and it lost two communes to the arrondissement of Nîmes and six communes to the arrondissement of Le Vigan.As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Alès were, as of January 2015:	[ "Alfred Fabre", "Laurent Spadale", "Denis Chassaigne", "François Ambroggiani", "Philippe Portal", "Jean-Jacques Joseph Serres", "Martial Baile", "Thomas Louis Mercier", "Charles Bardon", "Dominique Bossu", "Gilbert Cournon", "Gilles-Henry Garault", "Jacques Millon", "Gérard Sénégas", "Clodomir de Chapelain", "Auguste Murjas", "Georges Bérard", "Michel Thénault", "Christophe Marx", "Albert Carré", "Charles Colomb", "Philippe de Narbonne-Lara", "Marcel Cot", "Pierre Cantegrel", "Joseph-Eugène Amelin", "François Lamelot", "Stéphane Guyon", "Charles de Thézillat", "Gonthier Friederici", "José Delfau", "Émile Marchais", "Louis Bezombes", "Ernest Lolliot", "Jacques Palazy", "Franck Rouvière", "Jean Lem", "Saint-Cyr-Montlaur", "Eugène Ducamp", "Francis de Civrieux", "Hippolyte Morlé", "Martin Sollier", "Olivier Delcayrou", "P. Mercier", "Sainte-Colombe", "Pierre Goirand de Labaume", "Albert Le Go", "Auguste Ménard", "Jean-Baptiste Boffinton", "Jean-Marie Duval", "Émile Nau de Beauregard", "Louis de Larcy", "Marcel Henri" ]
Who was the head of arrondissement of Alès in Sep 07, 1911?	September 07, 1911	{ "text": [ "Auguste Boivin" ] }	L2_Q700396_P6_27	Jean-Jacques Joseph Serres is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1800 to Jan, 1815. Stéphane Guyon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2008. Gérard Sénégas is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999. Gonthier Friederici is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1990. Louis Bezombes is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1888 to Jan, 1895. Jacques Millon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995. Charles Colomb is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1883 to Jan, 1888. Charles de Thézillat is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1865 to Jan, 1870. François Lamelot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2004. François Ambroggiani is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Jean-Baptiste Boffinton is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1854 to Jan, 1856. Clodomir de Chapelain is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1841 to Jan, 1852. Martin Sollier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1829 to Jan, 1830. Ernest Lolliot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1879 to Jan, 1880. José Delfau is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1927. Philippe Portal is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2011. Marcel Cot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1966. Joseph-Eugène Amelin is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1858 to Jan, 1860. Émile Marchais is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1940 to Jan, 1940. Jean-Marie Duval is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1993. Émile Nau de Beauregard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1852 to Jan, 1854. P. Mercier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1858 to Jan, 1858. Louis de Larcy is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1818 to Jan, 1827. Charles Bardon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1880 to Jan, 1883. Laurent Spadale is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. Auguste Boivin is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1911 to Jan, 1912. Pierre Cantegrel is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1971. Olivier Delcayrou is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2018. Alfred Fabre is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1895 to Jan, 1897. Thomas Louis Mercier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1831 to Jan, 1833. Franck Rouvière is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1927 to Jan, 1940. Pierre Goirand de Labaume is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1873 to Jan, 1877. Christophe Marx is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2014. Hippolyte Morlé is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1914. Michel Thénault is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988. Martial Baile is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1871 to Jan, 1873. Saint-Cyr-Montlaur is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1856 to Jan, 1858. Philippe de Narbonne-Lara is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1815 to Jan, 1817. Eugène Ducamp is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1870 to Jan, 1871. Sainte-Colombe is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1817 to Jan, 1818. Francis de Civrieux is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1863 to Jan, 1865. Auguste Ménard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1833 to Jan, 1837. Marcel Henri is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1958. Albert Carré is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1974. Dominique Bossu is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1877 to Jan, 1879. Albert Le Go is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1904 to Jan, 1911. Gilbert Cournon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1837 to Jan, 1841. Georges Bérard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1982 to Jan, 1985. Denis Chassaigne is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1940 to Jan, 1943. Jacques Palazy is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1979. Auguste Murjas is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1871 to Jan, 1871. Jean Lem is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1958 to Jan, 1964. Gilles-Henry Garault is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.	Arrondissement of AlèsThe arrondissement of Alès is an arrondissement of France in the Gard department in the Occitanie region. It has 97 communes. Its population is 148,139 (2016), and its area is .The communes of the arrondissement of Alès, and their INSEE codes, are:The arrondissement of Alès was created in 1800. At the January 2017 reorganisation of the arrondissements of Gard, it gained four communes from the arrondissement of Le Vigan, and it lost two communes to the arrondissement of Nîmes and six communes to the arrondissement of Le Vigan.As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Alès were, as of January 2015:	[ "Alfred Fabre", "Laurent Spadale", "Denis Chassaigne", "François Ambroggiani", "Philippe Portal", "Jean-Jacques Joseph Serres", "Martial Baile", "Thomas Louis Mercier", "Charles Bardon", "Dominique Bossu", "Gilbert Cournon", "Gilles-Henry Garault", "Jacques Millon", "Gérard Sénégas", "Clodomir de Chapelain", "Auguste Murjas", "Georges Bérard", "Michel Thénault", "Christophe Marx", "Albert Carré", "Charles Colomb", "Philippe de Narbonne-Lara", "Marcel Cot", "Pierre Cantegrel", "Joseph-Eugène Amelin", "François Lamelot", "Stéphane Guyon", "Charles de Thézillat", "Gonthier Friederici", "José Delfau", "Émile Marchais", "Louis Bezombes", "Ernest Lolliot", "Jacques Palazy", "Franck Rouvière", "Jean Lem", "Saint-Cyr-Montlaur", "Eugène Ducamp", "Francis de Civrieux", "Hippolyte Morlé", "Martin Sollier", "Olivier Delcayrou", "P. Mercier", "Sainte-Colombe", "Pierre Goirand de Labaume", "Albert Le Go", "Auguste Ménard", "Jean-Baptiste Boffinton", "Jean-Marie Duval", "Émile Nau de Beauregard", "Louis de Larcy", "Marcel Henri" ]
Who was the head of arrondissement of Alès in 09/07/1911?	September 07, 1911	{ "text": [ "Auguste Boivin" ] }	L2_Q700396_P6_27	Jean-Jacques Joseph Serres is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1800 to Jan, 1815. Stéphane Guyon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2008. Gérard Sénégas is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999. Gonthier Friederici is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1990. Louis Bezombes is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1888 to Jan, 1895. Jacques Millon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995. Charles Colomb is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1883 to Jan, 1888. Charles de Thézillat is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1865 to Jan, 1870. François Lamelot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2004. François Ambroggiani is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Jean-Baptiste Boffinton is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1854 to Jan, 1856. Clodomir de Chapelain is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1841 to Jan, 1852. Martin Sollier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1829 to Jan, 1830. Ernest Lolliot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1879 to Jan, 1880. José Delfau is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1927. Philippe Portal is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2011. Marcel Cot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1966. Joseph-Eugène Amelin is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1858 to Jan, 1860. Émile Marchais is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1940 to Jan, 1940. Jean-Marie Duval is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1993. Émile Nau de Beauregard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1852 to Jan, 1854. P. Mercier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1858 to Jan, 1858. Louis de Larcy is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1818 to Jan, 1827. Charles Bardon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1880 to Jan, 1883. Laurent Spadale is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. Auguste Boivin is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1911 to Jan, 1912. Pierre Cantegrel is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1971. Olivier Delcayrou is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2018. Alfred Fabre is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1895 to Jan, 1897. Thomas Louis Mercier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1831 to Jan, 1833. Franck Rouvière is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1927 to Jan, 1940. Pierre Goirand de Labaume is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1873 to Jan, 1877. Christophe Marx is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2014. Hippolyte Morlé is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1914. Michel Thénault is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988. Martial Baile is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1871 to Jan, 1873. Saint-Cyr-Montlaur is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1856 to Jan, 1858. Philippe de Narbonne-Lara is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1815 to Jan, 1817. Eugène Ducamp is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1870 to Jan, 1871. Sainte-Colombe is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1817 to Jan, 1818. Francis de Civrieux is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1863 to Jan, 1865. Auguste Ménard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1833 to Jan, 1837. Marcel Henri is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1958. Albert Carré is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1974. Dominique Bossu is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1877 to Jan, 1879. Albert Le Go is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1904 to Jan, 1911. Gilbert Cournon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1837 to Jan, 1841. Georges Bérard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1982 to Jan, 1985. Denis Chassaigne is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1940 to Jan, 1943. Jacques Palazy is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1979. Auguste Murjas is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1871 to Jan, 1871. Jean Lem is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1958 to Jan, 1964. Gilles-Henry Garault is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.	Arrondissement of AlèsThe arrondissement of Alès is an arrondissement of France in the Gard department in the Occitanie region. It has 97 communes. Its population is 148,139 (2016), and its area is .The communes of the arrondissement of Alès, and their INSEE codes, are:The arrondissement of Alès was created in 1800. At the January 2017 reorganisation of the arrondissements of Gard, it gained four communes from the arrondissement of Le Vigan, and it lost two communes to the arrondissement of Nîmes and six communes to the arrondissement of Le Vigan.As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Alès were, as of January 2015:	[ "Alfred Fabre", "Laurent Spadale", "Denis Chassaigne", "François Ambroggiani", "Philippe Portal", "Jean-Jacques Joseph Serres", "Martial Baile", "Thomas Louis Mercier", "Charles Bardon", "Dominique Bossu", "Gilbert Cournon", "Gilles-Henry Garault", "Jacques Millon", "Gérard Sénégas", "Clodomir de Chapelain", "Auguste Murjas", "Georges Bérard", "Michel Thénault", "Christophe Marx", "Albert Carré", "Charles Colomb", "Philippe de Narbonne-Lara", "Marcel Cot", "Pierre Cantegrel", "Joseph-Eugène Amelin", "François Lamelot", "Stéphane Guyon", "Charles de Thézillat", "Gonthier Friederici", "José Delfau", "Émile Marchais", "Louis Bezombes", "Ernest Lolliot", "Jacques Palazy", "Franck Rouvière", "Jean Lem", "Saint-Cyr-Montlaur", "Eugène Ducamp", "Francis de Civrieux", "Hippolyte Morlé", "Martin Sollier", "Olivier Delcayrou", "P. Mercier", "Sainte-Colombe", "Pierre Goirand de Labaume", "Albert Le Go", "Auguste Ménard", "Jean-Baptiste Boffinton", "Jean-Marie Duval", "Émile Nau de Beauregard", "Louis de Larcy", "Marcel Henri" ]
Who was the head of arrondissement of Alès in 07-Sep-191107-September-1911?	September 07, 1911	{ "text": [ "Auguste Boivin" ] }	L2_Q700396_P6_27	Jean-Jacques Joseph Serres is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1800 to Jan, 1815. Stéphane Guyon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2008. Gérard Sénégas is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1999. Gonthier Friederici is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1989 to Jan, 1990. Louis Bezombes is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1888 to Jan, 1895. Jacques Millon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 1995. Charles Colomb is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1883 to Jan, 1888. Charles de Thézillat is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1865 to Jan, 1870. François Lamelot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2004. François Ambroggiani is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2015. Jean-Baptiste Boffinton is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1854 to Jan, 1856. Clodomir de Chapelain is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1841 to Jan, 1852. Martin Sollier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1829 to Jan, 1830. Ernest Lolliot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1879 to Jan, 1880. José Delfau is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1927. Philippe Portal is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2011. Marcel Cot is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1966. Joseph-Eugène Amelin is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1858 to Jan, 1860. Émile Marchais is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1940 to Jan, 1940. Jean-Marie Duval is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1990 to Jan, 1993. Émile Nau de Beauregard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1852 to Jan, 1854. P. Mercier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1858 to Jan, 1858. Louis de Larcy is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1818 to Jan, 1827. Charles Bardon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1880 to Jan, 1883. Laurent Spadale is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1944 to Jan, 1946. Auguste Boivin is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1911 to Jan, 1912. Pierre Cantegrel is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1971. Olivier Delcayrou is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2015 to Jan, 2018. Alfred Fabre is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1895 to Jan, 1897. Thomas Louis Mercier is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1831 to Jan, 1833. Franck Rouvière is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1927 to Jan, 1940. Pierre Goirand de Labaume is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1873 to Jan, 1877. Christophe Marx is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2014. Hippolyte Morlé is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1912 to Jan, 1914. Michel Thénault is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1988. Martial Baile is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1871 to Jan, 1873. Saint-Cyr-Montlaur is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1856 to Jan, 1858. Philippe de Narbonne-Lara is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1815 to Jan, 1817. Eugène Ducamp is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1870 to Jan, 1871. Sainte-Colombe is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1817 to Jan, 1818. Francis de Civrieux is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1863 to Jan, 1865. Auguste Ménard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1833 to Jan, 1837. Marcel Henri is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1946 to Jan, 1958. Albert Carré is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1974. Dominique Bossu is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1877 to Jan, 1879. Albert Le Go is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1904 to Jan, 1911. Gilbert Cournon is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1837 to Jan, 1841. Georges Bérard is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1982 to Jan, 1985. Denis Chassaigne is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1940 to Jan, 1943. Jacques Palazy is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1977 to Jan, 1979. Auguste Murjas is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1871 to Jan, 1871. Jean Lem is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 1958 to Jan, 1964. Gilles-Henry Garault is the head of the government of arrondissement of Alès from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2005.	Arrondissement of AlèsThe arrondissement of Alès is an arrondissement of France in the Gard department in the Occitanie region. It has 97 communes. Its population is 148,139 (2016), and its area is .The communes of the arrondissement of Alès, and their INSEE codes, are:The arrondissement of Alès was created in 1800. At the January 2017 reorganisation of the arrondissements of Gard, it gained four communes from the arrondissement of Le Vigan, and it lost two communes to the arrondissement of Nîmes and six communes to the arrondissement of Le Vigan.As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Alès were, as of January 2015:	[ "Alfred Fabre", "Laurent Spadale", "Denis Chassaigne", "François Ambroggiani", "Philippe Portal", "Jean-Jacques Joseph Serres", "Martial Baile", "Thomas Louis Mercier", "Charles Bardon", "Dominique Bossu", "Gilbert Cournon", "Gilles-Henry Garault", "Jacques Millon", "Gérard Sénégas", "Clodomir de Chapelain", "Auguste Murjas", "Georges Bérard", "Michel Thénault", "Christophe Marx", "Albert Carré", "Charles Colomb", "Philippe de Narbonne-Lara", "Marcel Cot", "Pierre Cantegrel", "Joseph-Eugène Amelin", "François Lamelot", "Stéphane Guyon", "Charles de Thézillat", "Gonthier Friederici", "José Delfau", "Émile Marchais", "Louis Bezombes", "Ernest Lolliot", "Jacques Palazy", "Franck Rouvière", "Jean Lem", "Saint-Cyr-Montlaur", "Eugène Ducamp", "Francis de Civrieux", "Hippolyte Morlé", "Martin Sollier", "Olivier Delcayrou", "P. Mercier", "Sainte-Colombe", "Pierre Goirand de Labaume", "Albert Le Go", "Auguste Ménard", "Jean-Baptiste Boffinton", "Jean-Marie Duval", "Émile Nau de Beauregard", "Louis de Larcy", "Marcel Henri" ]
Which team did Jorge Pereira da Silva play for in Nov, 2013?	November 15, 2013	{ "text": [ "Qormi F.C." ] }	L2_Q827215_P54_9	Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Mixto Esporte Clube from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Hibernians F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Esporte Clube Águia Negra from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for FC Gifu from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Tokushima Vortis from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2006. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Sanfrecce Hiroshima from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2005. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Al Mabarra FC from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2011. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Qormi F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Esporte Clube Bahia from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Kecskeméti TE from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Nagoya Grampus from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2004.	Jorginho (footballer, born 1985)Jorge Pereira da Silva (born 4 December 1985) or better known as Jorginho is a Brazilian football player who currently plays as a striker for Birkirkara in the Maltese Premier League. He previously played for Kecskeméti TE located in Hungary; a club that competes in the well-known Nemzeti Bajnokság I. He is the brother of prolific Brazilian striker Ueslei.Jorginho was born in Bahia where he started his career at the age of 13 playing at the youth level for Bahia (Div 1 Brazilian team) from 1998 to 2003.In 2004, Jorginho was transferred to the Japanese market to play at the biggest league of the country the J1 League. In Japan, he built a spectacular career joining big teams such as Nagoya Grampus Eight and Sanfrecce Hiroshima both Japanese Div 1 teams. Jorginho also played for Tokushima Vortis and FC GIFU during his stay in Japan.In 2008 Jorginho comes back to his original country to play the Brazilian Div 1 State Championships for teams such as Mixto Esporte Clube, EC Bahia and EC Aguia Negra where he’d keep his performance of 0.5 goals per game. In 2009, Jorginho goes abroad once more to confirm his football. He joined Al-Mabarrah, Lebanese Premier League team that disputes important competitions such as FA Cup and Arab Champions League.Jorginho’s also played for Qormi FC Premier League team that competes in the Maltese Premier League.In 2012, he signed to Kecskeméti TE.For the 2014–15 season, he joined Hibernians, and proved to be one of the most lethal strikers in the Maltese Premier League. He led Hibernians to the league title and jointly topped the scoring charts with teammate and strike partner Edison Luiz dos Santos. This helped qualify them for the second qualifying round of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions LeagueJorginho joined Gzira United F.C. in 2018. He scored on his debut against UE Sant Julià in the UEFA Europa League. On 8 January 2019, he signed with Birkirkara FC.	[ "Al Mabarra FC", "Sanfrecce Hiroshima", "Esporte Clube Águia Negra", "Esporte Clube Bahia", "Hibernians F.C.", "Nagoya Grampus", "FC Gifu", "Kecskeméti TE", "Tokushima Vortis", "Mixto Esporte Clube" ]
Which team did Jorge Pereira da Silva play for in 2013-11-15?	November 15, 2013	{ "text": [ "Qormi F.C." ] }	L2_Q827215_P54_9	Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Mixto Esporte Clube from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Hibernians F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Esporte Clube Águia Negra from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for FC Gifu from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Tokushima Vortis from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2006. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Sanfrecce Hiroshima from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2005. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Al Mabarra FC from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2011. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Qormi F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Esporte Clube Bahia from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Kecskeméti TE from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Nagoya Grampus from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2004.	Jorginho (footballer, born 1985)Jorge Pereira da Silva (born 4 December 1985) or better known as Jorginho is a Brazilian football player who currently plays as a striker for Birkirkara in the Maltese Premier League. He previously played for Kecskeméti TE located in Hungary; a club that competes in the well-known Nemzeti Bajnokság I. He is the brother of prolific Brazilian striker Ueslei.Jorginho was born in Bahia where he started his career at the age of 13 playing at the youth level for Bahia (Div 1 Brazilian team) from 1998 to 2003.In 2004, Jorginho was transferred to the Japanese market to play at the biggest league of the country the J1 League. In Japan, he built a spectacular career joining big teams such as Nagoya Grampus Eight and Sanfrecce Hiroshima both Japanese Div 1 teams. Jorginho also played for Tokushima Vortis and FC GIFU during his stay in Japan.In 2008 Jorginho comes back to his original country to play the Brazilian Div 1 State Championships for teams such as Mixto Esporte Clube, EC Bahia and EC Aguia Negra where he’d keep his performance of 0.5 goals per game. In 2009, Jorginho goes abroad once more to confirm his football. He joined Al-Mabarrah, Lebanese Premier League team that disputes important competitions such as FA Cup and Arab Champions League.Jorginho’s also played for Qormi FC Premier League team that competes in the Maltese Premier League.In 2012, he signed to Kecskeméti TE.For the 2014–15 season, he joined Hibernians, and proved to be one of the most lethal strikers in the Maltese Premier League. He led Hibernians to the league title and jointly topped the scoring charts with teammate and strike partner Edison Luiz dos Santos. This helped qualify them for the second qualifying round of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions LeagueJorginho joined Gzira United F.C. in 2018. He scored on his debut against UE Sant Julià in the UEFA Europa League. On 8 January 2019, he signed with Birkirkara FC.	[ "Al Mabarra FC", "Sanfrecce Hiroshima", "Esporte Clube Águia Negra", "Esporte Clube Bahia", "Hibernians F.C.", "Nagoya Grampus", "FC Gifu", "Kecskeméti TE", "Tokushima Vortis", "Mixto Esporte Clube" ]
Which team did Jorge Pereira da Silva play for in 15/11/2013?	November 15, 2013	{ "text": [ "Qormi F.C." ] }	L2_Q827215_P54_9	Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Mixto Esporte Clube from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Hibernians F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Esporte Clube Águia Negra from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for FC Gifu from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Tokushima Vortis from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2006. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Sanfrecce Hiroshima from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2005. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Al Mabarra FC from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2011. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Qormi F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Esporte Clube Bahia from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Kecskeméti TE from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Nagoya Grampus from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2004.	Jorginho (footballer, born 1985)Jorge Pereira da Silva (born 4 December 1985) or better known as Jorginho is a Brazilian football player who currently plays as a striker for Birkirkara in the Maltese Premier League. He previously played for Kecskeméti TE located in Hungary; a club that competes in the well-known Nemzeti Bajnokság I. He is the brother of prolific Brazilian striker Ueslei.Jorginho was born in Bahia where he started his career at the age of 13 playing at the youth level for Bahia (Div 1 Brazilian team) from 1998 to 2003.In 2004, Jorginho was transferred to the Japanese market to play at the biggest league of the country the J1 League. In Japan, he built a spectacular career joining big teams such as Nagoya Grampus Eight and Sanfrecce Hiroshima both Japanese Div 1 teams. Jorginho also played for Tokushima Vortis and FC GIFU during his stay in Japan.In 2008 Jorginho comes back to his original country to play the Brazilian Div 1 State Championships for teams such as Mixto Esporte Clube, EC Bahia and EC Aguia Negra where he’d keep his performance of 0.5 goals per game. In 2009, Jorginho goes abroad once more to confirm his football. He joined Al-Mabarrah, Lebanese Premier League team that disputes important competitions such as FA Cup and Arab Champions League.Jorginho’s also played for Qormi FC Premier League team that competes in the Maltese Premier League.In 2012, he signed to Kecskeméti TE.For the 2014–15 season, he joined Hibernians, and proved to be one of the most lethal strikers in the Maltese Premier League. He led Hibernians to the league title and jointly topped the scoring charts with teammate and strike partner Edison Luiz dos Santos. This helped qualify them for the second qualifying round of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions LeagueJorginho joined Gzira United F.C. in 2018. He scored on his debut against UE Sant Julià in the UEFA Europa League. On 8 January 2019, he signed with Birkirkara FC.	[ "Al Mabarra FC", "Sanfrecce Hiroshima", "Esporte Clube Águia Negra", "Esporte Clube Bahia", "Hibernians F.C.", "Nagoya Grampus", "FC Gifu", "Kecskeméti TE", "Tokushima Vortis", "Mixto Esporte Clube" ]
Which team did Jorge Pereira da Silva play for in Nov 15, 2013?	November 15, 2013	{ "text": [ "Qormi F.C." ] }	L2_Q827215_P54_9	Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Mixto Esporte Clube from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Hibernians F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Esporte Clube Águia Negra from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for FC Gifu from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Tokushima Vortis from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2006. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Sanfrecce Hiroshima from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2005. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Al Mabarra FC from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2011. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Qormi F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Esporte Clube Bahia from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Kecskeméti TE from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Nagoya Grampus from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2004.	Jorginho (footballer, born 1985)Jorge Pereira da Silva (born 4 December 1985) or better known as Jorginho is a Brazilian football player who currently plays as a striker for Birkirkara in the Maltese Premier League. He previously played for Kecskeméti TE located in Hungary; a club that competes in the well-known Nemzeti Bajnokság I. He is the brother of prolific Brazilian striker Ueslei.Jorginho was born in Bahia where he started his career at the age of 13 playing at the youth level for Bahia (Div 1 Brazilian team) from 1998 to 2003.In 2004, Jorginho was transferred to the Japanese market to play at the biggest league of the country the J1 League. In Japan, he built a spectacular career joining big teams such as Nagoya Grampus Eight and Sanfrecce Hiroshima both Japanese Div 1 teams. Jorginho also played for Tokushima Vortis and FC GIFU during his stay in Japan.In 2008 Jorginho comes back to his original country to play the Brazilian Div 1 State Championships for teams such as Mixto Esporte Clube, EC Bahia and EC Aguia Negra where he’d keep his performance of 0.5 goals per game. In 2009, Jorginho goes abroad once more to confirm his football. He joined Al-Mabarrah, Lebanese Premier League team that disputes important competitions such as FA Cup and Arab Champions League.Jorginho’s also played for Qormi FC Premier League team that competes in the Maltese Premier League.In 2012, he signed to Kecskeméti TE.For the 2014–15 season, he joined Hibernians, and proved to be one of the most lethal strikers in the Maltese Premier League. He led Hibernians to the league title and jointly topped the scoring charts with teammate and strike partner Edison Luiz dos Santos. This helped qualify them for the second qualifying round of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions LeagueJorginho joined Gzira United F.C. in 2018. He scored on his debut against UE Sant Julià in the UEFA Europa League. On 8 January 2019, he signed with Birkirkara FC.	[ "Al Mabarra FC", "Sanfrecce Hiroshima", "Esporte Clube Águia Negra", "Esporte Clube Bahia", "Hibernians F.C.", "Nagoya Grampus", "FC Gifu", "Kecskeméti TE", "Tokushima Vortis", "Mixto Esporte Clube" ]
Which team did Jorge Pereira da Silva play for in 11/15/2013?	November 15, 2013	{ "text": [ "Qormi F.C." ] }	L2_Q827215_P54_9	Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Mixto Esporte Clube from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Hibernians F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Esporte Clube Águia Negra from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for FC Gifu from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Tokushima Vortis from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2006. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Sanfrecce Hiroshima from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2005. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Al Mabarra FC from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2011. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Qormi F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Esporte Clube Bahia from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Kecskeméti TE from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Nagoya Grampus from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2004.	Jorginho (footballer, born 1985)Jorge Pereira da Silva (born 4 December 1985) or better known as Jorginho is a Brazilian football player who currently plays as a striker for Birkirkara in the Maltese Premier League. He previously played for Kecskeméti TE located in Hungary; a club that competes in the well-known Nemzeti Bajnokság I. He is the brother of prolific Brazilian striker Ueslei.Jorginho was born in Bahia where he started his career at the age of 13 playing at the youth level for Bahia (Div 1 Brazilian team) from 1998 to 2003.In 2004, Jorginho was transferred to the Japanese market to play at the biggest league of the country the J1 League. In Japan, he built a spectacular career joining big teams such as Nagoya Grampus Eight and Sanfrecce Hiroshima both Japanese Div 1 teams. Jorginho also played for Tokushima Vortis and FC GIFU during his stay in Japan.In 2008 Jorginho comes back to his original country to play the Brazilian Div 1 State Championships for teams such as Mixto Esporte Clube, EC Bahia and EC Aguia Negra where he’d keep his performance of 0.5 goals per game. In 2009, Jorginho goes abroad once more to confirm his football. He joined Al-Mabarrah, Lebanese Premier League team that disputes important competitions such as FA Cup and Arab Champions League.Jorginho’s also played for Qormi FC Premier League team that competes in the Maltese Premier League.In 2012, he signed to Kecskeméti TE.For the 2014–15 season, he joined Hibernians, and proved to be one of the most lethal strikers in the Maltese Premier League. He led Hibernians to the league title and jointly topped the scoring charts with teammate and strike partner Edison Luiz dos Santos. This helped qualify them for the second qualifying round of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions LeagueJorginho joined Gzira United F.C. in 2018. He scored on his debut against UE Sant Julià in the UEFA Europa League. On 8 January 2019, he signed with Birkirkara FC.	[ "Al Mabarra FC", "Sanfrecce Hiroshima", "Esporte Clube Águia Negra", "Esporte Clube Bahia", "Hibernians F.C.", "Nagoya Grampus", "FC Gifu", "Kecskeméti TE", "Tokushima Vortis", "Mixto Esporte Clube" ]
Which team did Jorge Pereira da Silva play for in 15-Nov-201315-November-2013?	November 15, 2013	{ "text": [ "Qormi F.C." ] }	L2_Q827215_P54_9	Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Mixto Esporte Clube from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Hibernians F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Esporte Clube Águia Negra from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2009. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for FC Gifu from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2007. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Tokushima Vortis from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2006. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Sanfrecce Hiroshima from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2005. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Al Mabarra FC from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2011. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Qormi F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Esporte Clube Bahia from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Kecskeméti TE from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013. Jorge Pereira da Silva plays for Nagoya Grampus from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2004.	Jorginho (footballer, born 1985)Jorge Pereira da Silva (born 4 December 1985) or better known as Jorginho is a Brazilian football player who currently plays as a striker for Birkirkara in the Maltese Premier League. He previously played for Kecskeméti TE located in Hungary; a club that competes in the well-known Nemzeti Bajnokság I. He is the brother of prolific Brazilian striker Ueslei.Jorginho was born in Bahia where he started his career at the age of 13 playing at the youth level for Bahia (Div 1 Brazilian team) from 1998 to 2003.In 2004, Jorginho was transferred to the Japanese market to play at the biggest league of the country the J1 League. In Japan, he built a spectacular career joining big teams such as Nagoya Grampus Eight and Sanfrecce Hiroshima both Japanese Div 1 teams. Jorginho also played for Tokushima Vortis and FC GIFU during his stay in Japan.In 2008 Jorginho comes back to his original country to play the Brazilian Div 1 State Championships for teams such as Mixto Esporte Clube, EC Bahia and EC Aguia Negra where he’d keep his performance of 0.5 goals per game. In 2009, Jorginho goes abroad once more to confirm his football. He joined Al-Mabarrah, Lebanese Premier League team that disputes important competitions such as FA Cup and Arab Champions League.Jorginho’s also played for Qormi FC Premier League team that competes in the Maltese Premier League.In 2012, he signed to Kecskeméti TE.For the 2014–15 season, he joined Hibernians, and proved to be one of the most lethal strikers in the Maltese Premier League. He led Hibernians to the league title and jointly topped the scoring charts with teammate and strike partner Edison Luiz dos Santos. This helped qualify them for the second qualifying round of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions LeagueJorginho joined Gzira United F.C. in 2018. He scored on his debut against UE Sant Julià in the UEFA Europa League. On 8 January 2019, he signed with Birkirkara FC.	[ "Al Mabarra FC", "Sanfrecce Hiroshima", "Esporte Clube Águia Negra", "Esporte Clube Bahia", "Hibernians F.C.", "Nagoya Grampus", "FC Gifu", "Kecskeméti TE", "Tokushima Vortis", "Mixto Esporte Clube" ]
Which employer did Rebecca Hankins work for in Aug, 1999?	August 13, 1999	{ "text": [ "Amistad Research Center" ] }	L2_Q28122425_P108_0	Rebecca Hankins works for University of Arizona from Aug, 2001 to Jun, 2003. Rebecca Hankins works for Amistad Research Center from Nov, 1988 to Aug, 2001. Rebecca Hankins works for Texas A&M University from Jul, 2003 to Dec, 2022.	Rebecca HankinsRebecca L. Hankins is the Africana Resources Librarian/Curator at Texas A&M University, whose research interests include women's and gender studies, Middle Eastern studies, the African diaspora, and Islam in science fiction and popular culture.Hankins graduated cum laude from Loyola University and earned her master's degree at Louisiana State University.Hankins worked as the Assistant Librarian and Archivist at the University of Arizona and the Archivist of the Amistad Research Center at Tulane University. In 2003, she joined the faculty of Texas A&M University as an Associate Professor and Archivist/Librarian/Curator for Africana Studies. She is the author of numerous articles and chapters and co-editor (with Miguel Juarez) of "Where are all the Librarians of Color? The Experiences of People of Color in Academia" (2016).Hankins is a Regent for Exam Development for the Academy of Certified Archivists. She was honored as a 2016 Fellow of the Society of American Archivists for her services to the archival profession and the Society.In December 2016, President Obama appointed Hankins as a member of the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.	[ "University of Arizona", "Texas A&M University" ]
Which employer did Rebecca Hankins work for in 1999-08-13?	August 13, 1999	{ "text": [ "Amistad Research Center" ] }	L2_Q28122425_P108_0	Rebecca Hankins works for University of Arizona from Aug, 2001 to Jun, 2003. Rebecca Hankins works for Amistad Research Center from Nov, 1988 to Aug, 2001. Rebecca Hankins works for Texas A&M University from Jul, 2003 to Dec, 2022.	Rebecca HankinsRebecca L. Hankins is the Africana Resources Librarian/Curator at Texas A&M University, whose research interests include women's and gender studies, Middle Eastern studies, the African diaspora, and Islam in science fiction and popular culture.Hankins graduated cum laude from Loyola University and earned her master's degree at Louisiana State University.Hankins worked as the Assistant Librarian and Archivist at the University of Arizona and the Archivist of the Amistad Research Center at Tulane University. In 2003, she joined the faculty of Texas A&M University as an Associate Professor and Archivist/Librarian/Curator for Africana Studies. She is the author of numerous articles and chapters and co-editor (with Miguel Juarez) of "Where are all the Librarians of Color? The Experiences of People of Color in Academia" (2016).Hankins is a Regent for Exam Development for the Academy of Certified Archivists. She was honored as a 2016 Fellow of the Society of American Archivists for her services to the archival profession and the Society.In December 2016, President Obama appointed Hankins as a member of the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.	[ "University of Arizona", "Texas A&M University" ]
Which employer did Rebecca Hankins work for in 13/08/1999?	August 13, 1999	{ "text": [ "Amistad Research Center" ] }	L2_Q28122425_P108_0	Rebecca Hankins works for University of Arizona from Aug, 2001 to Jun, 2003. Rebecca Hankins works for Amistad Research Center from Nov, 1988 to Aug, 2001. Rebecca Hankins works for Texas A&M University from Jul, 2003 to Dec, 2022.	Rebecca HankinsRebecca L. Hankins is the Africana Resources Librarian/Curator at Texas A&M University, whose research interests include women's and gender studies, Middle Eastern studies, the African diaspora, and Islam in science fiction and popular culture.Hankins graduated cum laude from Loyola University and earned her master's degree at Louisiana State University.Hankins worked as the Assistant Librarian and Archivist at the University of Arizona and the Archivist of the Amistad Research Center at Tulane University. In 2003, she joined the faculty of Texas A&M University as an Associate Professor and Archivist/Librarian/Curator for Africana Studies. She is the author of numerous articles and chapters and co-editor (with Miguel Juarez) of "Where are all the Librarians of Color? The Experiences of People of Color in Academia" (2016).Hankins is a Regent for Exam Development for the Academy of Certified Archivists. She was honored as a 2016 Fellow of the Society of American Archivists for her services to the archival profession and the Society.In December 2016, President Obama appointed Hankins as a member of the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.	[ "University of Arizona", "Texas A&M University" ]
Which employer did Rebecca Hankins work for in Aug 13, 1999?	August 13, 1999	{ "text": [ "Amistad Research Center" ] }	L2_Q28122425_P108_0	Rebecca Hankins works for University of Arizona from Aug, 2001 to Jun, 2003. Rebecca Hankins works for Amistad Research Center from Nov, 1988 to Aug, 2001. Rebecca Hankins works for Texas A&M University from Jul, 2003 to Dec, 2022.	Rebecca HankinsRebecca L. Hankins is the Africana Resources Librarian/Curator at Texas A&M University, whose research interests include women's and gender studies, Middle Eastern studies, the African diaspora, and Islam in science fiction and popular culture.Hankins graduated cum laude from Loyola University and earned her master's degree at Louisiana State University.Hankins worked as the Assistant Librarian and Archivist at the University of Arizona and the Archivist of the Amistad Research Center at Tulane University. In 2003, she joined the faculty of Texas A&M University as an Associate Professor and Archivist/Librarian/Curator for Africana Studies. She is the author of numerous articles and chapters and co-editor (with Miguel Juarez) of "Where are all the Librarians of Color? The Experiences of People of Color in Academia" (2016).Hankins is a Regent for Exam Development for the Academy of Certified Archivists. She was honored as a 2016 Fellow of the Society of American Archivists for her services to the archival profession and the Society.In December 2016, President Obama appointed Hankins as a member of the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.	[ "University of Arizona", "Texas A&M University" ]
Which employer did Rebecca Hankins work for in 08/13/1999?	August 13, 1999	{ "text": [ "Amistad Research Center" ] }	L2_Q28122425_P108_0	Rebecca Hankins works for University of Arizona from Aug, 2001 to Jun, 2003. Rebecca Hankins works for Amistad Research Center from Nov, 1988 to Aug, 2001. Rebecca Hankins works for Texas A&M University from Jul, 2003 to Dec, 2022.	Rebecca HankinsRebecca L. Hankins is the Africana Resources Librarian/Curator at Texas A&M University, whose research interests include women's and gender studies, Middle Eastern studies, the African diaspora, and Islam in science fiction and popular culture.Hankins graduated cum laude from Loyola University and earned her master's degree at Louisiana State University.Hankins worked as the Assistant Librarian and Archivist at the University of Arizona and the Archivist of the Amistad Research Center at Tulane University. In 2003, she joined the faculty of Texas A&M University as an Associate Professor and Archivist/Librarian/Curator for Africana Studies. She is the author of numerous articles and chapters and co-editor (with Miguel Juarez) of "Where are all the Librarians of Color? The Experiences of People of Color in Academia" (2016).Hankins is a Regent for Exam Development for the Academy of Certified Archivists. She was honored as a 2016 Fellow of the Society of American Archivists for her services to the archival profession and the Society.In December 2016, President Obama appointed Hankins as a member of the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.	[ "University of Arizona", "Texas A&M University" ]
Which employer did Rebecca Hankins work for in 13-Aug-199913-August-1999?	August 13, 1999	{ "text": [ "Amistad Research Center" ] }	L2_Q28122425_P108_0	Rebecca Hankins works for University of Arizona from Aug, 2001 to Jun, 2003. Rebecca Hankins works for Amistad Research Center from Nov, 1988 to Aug, 2001. Rebecca Hankins works for Texas A&M University from Jul, 2003 to Dec, 2022.	Rebecca HankinsRebecca L. Hankins is the Africana Resources Librarian/Curator at Texas A&M University, whose research interests include women's and gender studies, Middle Eastern studies, the African diaspora, and Islam in science fiction and popular culture.Hankins graduated cum laude from Loyola University and earned her master's degree at Louisiana State University.Hankins worked as the Assistant Librarian and Archivist at the University of Arizona and the Archivist of the Amistad Research Center at Tulane University. In 2003, she joined the faculty of Texas A&M University as an Associate Professor and Archivist/Librarian/Curator for Africana Studies. She is the author of numerous articles and chapters and co-editor (with Miguel Juarez) of "Where are all the Librarians of Color? The Experiences of People of Color in Academia" (2016).Hankins is a Regent for Exam Development for the Academy of Certified Archivists. She was honored as a 2016 Fellow of the Society of American Archivists for her services to the archival profession and the Society.In December 2016, President Obama appointed Hankins as a member of the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.	[ "University of Arizona", "Texas A&M University" ]
Which team did Lukas Mössner play for in Apr, 2004?	April 01, 2004	{ "text": [ "Austria national under-21 football team", "SC Freiburg" ] }	L2_Q6701695_P54_1	Lukas Mössner plays for FK Austria Wien from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Lukas Mössner plays for SKN St. Pölten from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. Lukas Mössner plays for Austria national under-21 football team from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2007. Lukas Mössner plays for SV Eintracht Trier 05 from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011. Lukas Mössner plays for Floridsdorfer AC from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022. Lukas Mössner plays for SK Austria Kärnten from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Lukas Mössner plays for SV Mattersburg from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006. Lukas Mössner plays for SC Freiburg from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2005. Lukas Mössner plays for SC Schwanenstadt from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007. Lukas Mössner plays for FC Juniors OÖ from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014. Lukas Mössner plays for TSV Hartberg from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.	Lukas MössnerLukas Mössner (born 14 March 1984 in Sankt Pölten) is an Austrian footballer currently playing for ASV Draßburg. He has also made 14 appearances for the Austria U-21 team, scoring three goals.Pasching	[ "Floridsdorfer AC", "SV Eintracht Trier 05", "SC Schwanenstadt", "TSV Hartberg", "SV Mattersburg", "SKN St. Pölten", "SK Austria Kärnten", "FK Austria Wien", "FC Juniors OÖ" ]
Which team did Lukas Mössner play for in 2004-04-01?	April 01, 2004	{ "text": [ "Austria national under-21 football team", "SC Freiburg" ] }	L2_Q6701695_P54_1	Lukas Mössner plays for FK Austria Wien from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Lukas Mössner plays for SKN St. Pölten from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. Lukas Mössner plays for Austria national under-21 football team from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2007. Lukas Mössner plays for SV Eintracht Trier 05 from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011. Lukas Mössner plays for Floridsdorfer AC from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022. Lukas Mössner plays for SK Austria Kärnten from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Lukas Mössner plays for SV Mattersburg from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006. Lukas Mössner plays for SC Freiburg from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2005. Lukas Mössner plays for SC Schwanenstadt from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007. Lukas Mössner plays for FC Juniors OÖ from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014. Lukas Mössner plays for TSV Hartberg from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.	Lukas MössnerLukas Mössner (born 14 March 1984 in Sankt Pölten) is an Austrian footballer currently playing for ASV Draßburg. He has also made 14 appearances for the Austria U-21 team, scoring three goals.Pasching	[ "Floridsdorfer AC", "SV Eintracht Trier 05", "SC Schwanenstadt", "TSV Hartberg", "SV Mattersburg", "SKN St. Pölten", "SK Austria Kärnten", "FK Austria Wien", "FC Juniors OÖ" ]
Which team did Lukas Mössner play for in 01/04/2004?	April 01, 2004	{ "text": [ "Austria national under-21 football team", "SC Freiburg" ] }	L2_Q6701695_P54_1	Lukas Mössner plays for FK Austria Wien from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Lukas Mössner plays for SKN St. Pölten from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. Lukas Mössner plays for Austria national under-21 football team from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2007. Lukas Mössner plays for SV Eintracht Trier 05 from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011. Lukas Mössner plays for Floridsdorfer AC from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022. Lukas Mössner plays for SK Austria Kärnten from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Lukas Mössner plays for SV Mattersburg from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006. Lukas Mössner plays for SC Freiburg from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2005. Lukas Mössner plays for SC Schwanenstadt from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007. Lukas Mössner plays for FC Juniors OÖ from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014. Lukas Mössner plays for TSV Hartberg from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.	Lukas MössnerLukas Mössner (born 14 March 1984 in Sankt Pölten) is an Austrian footballer currently playing for ASV Draßburg. He has also made 14 appearances for the Austria U-21 team, scoring three goals.Pasching	[ "Floridsdorfer AC", "SV Eintracht Trier 05", "SC Schwanenstadt", "TSV Hartberg", "SV Mattersburg", "SKN St. Pölten", "SK Austria Kärnten", "FK Austria Wien", "FC Juniors OÖ" ]
Which team did Lukas Mössner play for in Apr 01, 2004?	April 01, 2004	{ "text": [ "Austria national under-21 football team", "SC Freiburg" ] }	L2_Q6701695_P54_1	Lukas Mössner plays for FK Austria Wien from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009. Lukas Mössner plays for SKN St. Pölten from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010. Lukas Mössner plays for Austria national under-21 football team from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2007. Lukas Mössner plays for SV Eintracht Trier 05 from Jan, 2010 to Jan, 2011. Lukas Mössner plays for Floridsdorfer AC from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022. Lukas Mössner plays for SK Austria Kärnten from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2008. Lukas Mössner plays for SV Mattersburg from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2006. Lukas Mössner plays for SC Freiburg from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2005. Lukas Mössner plays for SC Schwanenstadt from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2007. Lukas Mössner plays for FC Juniors OÖ from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014. Lukas Mössner plays for TSV Hartberg from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.	Lukas MössnerLukas Mössner (born 14 March 1984 in Sankt Pölten) is an Austrian footballer currently playing for ASV Draßburg. He has also made 14 appearances for the Austria U-21 team, scoring three goals.Pasching	[ "Floridsdorfer AC", "SV Eintracht Trier 05", "SC Schwanenstadt", "TSV Hartberg", "SV Mattersburg", "SKN St. Pölten", "SK Austria Kärnten", "FK Austria Wien", "FC Juniors OÖ" ]

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