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Cultural servicesLakes/ponds
Rivers/streamsHuman systems and ecosystem services Ecosystems
Water availability
Flood
LandslideAvalanche
Ground subsidencePhysical changesAttribution to cryosphere changeOcean
High mountain and
polar land regionsLEGEND
high
medium
lowAttribution confidencePhysical changes
decreaseincrease
increase and decrease
Systems
negativepositive
positive and negative
no assessment
1 Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (Benguela Current, Canary
Current, California Current, and Humboldt Current); {Box 5.3}
2 includes Finland, Norway, and Sweden; 3 includes Hindu
Kush, Karakoram, Hengduan Shan, and Tien Shan; 4includes
adjacent areas in Yukon Territory and British Columbia,
Canada;5tropical Andes, Mexico, eastern Africa, and
Indonesia; 6Migration refers to an increase or decrease in net
migration, not to beneficial/adverse value.(a)
Figure TS.5 | a
51Technical Summary
TSUpper water column
Coral
Kelp forest
Rocky shores
Fisheries
Tourism
Habitat services
Coastal carbon
sequestrationDeep sea
Polar benthosCoastal wetlandsTemperature
Oxygen
Ocean pH
Sea ice extent
Sea level
Sea ice-associated
Transportation/shipping
Cultural servicesPhysical
changesGreenhouse
GasesClimate Change Attribution Attribution Cryosphere ChangePhysical changes
SystemsHuman systems and
ecosystem servicesEcosystems Physical
changesHuman systems
and ecosystem
services EcosystemsTundra
Forest
AgricultureTourism
Infrastructure
Migration 6Water availability
Flood
Landslide
Avalanche
Ground subsidence
Cultural servicesLakes/ponds
Rivers/streamsOcean
High mountain and
polar land regions(b)
decreaseincrease
increase and
decrease
negativepositive
positive and
negative
no
assessmentLEGEND
high
mediumlowAttribution
confidence
Himalaya,
Tibetan Plateau
and other
High Mountain
Asia 2 CaucasusScandi-
navia 4Alaska 5Western
Canada
and USARussian
Arctic IcelandEuropean
Alps and
PyreneesSouthern
AndesLow
Lati-
tudes 3New
Zealand AntarcticaArctic
Canada and
Greenland
2 includes Hindu Kush, Karakoram, Hengduan Shan, and Tien Shan; 3 tropical Andes, Mexico, eastern Africa, and Indonesia;
4 includes Finland, Norway, and Sweden; 5 includes adjacent areas in Yukon Territory and British Columbia, Canada; 6 Migration refers to an
increase or decrease in net migration, not to beneficial/adverse value.Southern
OceanTropical
Indian
OceanNorth
AtlanticTropical
AtlanticTemperate