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] | 3,900 |
step toward helping people return home " . robert fox , executive director of ox ##fa ##m canada , said " the dysfunction has been aided una ##bate ##d by the way the international community has organized itself , where pledge ##s have been made and they haven ' t followed through [ and ] where they come to the table with their own agenda ##s and own priorities . most donors provided funds for transitional housing but very little money for clearing rubble or repairing houses " . fox said that in many instances rubble removal " means it was [ moved ] off someone ' s property onto the road in front of the property " . according to a unicef report , "
| 330 |
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] | 3,901 |
still today more than one million people remain displaced , living in crowded camps where livelihood ##s , shelter and services are still hardly sufficient for children to stay healthy " . amnesty international reported that armed men were prey ##ing with imp ##uni ##ty on girls and women in displacement camps , worse ##ning the trauma of having lost homes , livelihood ##s and loved ones . on the first anniversary of the earthquake , haitian @ - @ born michael ##le jean , who served as the governor general of canada at the time of the disaster and who became united nations educational , scientific and cultural organization ( unesco ) special envoy for haiti on 8 november 2010 , voiced her anger at
| 134 |
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] | 3,902 |
the slow rate of aid delivery , placing much of the blame on the international community for abandoning its commitments . in a public letter co @ - @ authored with unesco head irina bo ##kova , jean said , " as time passes , what began as a natural disaster is becoming a disgrace ##ful reflection on the international community . " the interim haiti recovery commission , led by former us president bill clinton and haitian prime minister jean @ - @ max belle ##ri ##ve , had been set up to facilitate the flow of funds toward reconstruction projects in april 2010 , but as of january 2011 , no major reconstruction had started . in january 2012 , two years since the
| 331 |
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] | 3,903 |
quake , figures released by the united nations show that of the nearly us $ 4 @ . @ 5 billion pledged for reconstruction projects in 2010 and 2011 , only 43 percent has been delivered . venezuela and the us , which promised the major share of reconstruction funds , have di ##sb ##urse ##d only 24 percent and 30 percent , respectively . japan and finland are among the few donors to have fully met their pledge ##s . the data shows that some crucial sectors face particularly large funding gaps . in 2010 and 2011 , for example , donors di ##sb ##urse ##d just us $ 125 million of the us $ 311 million in grants allocated to agriculture projects , and
| 310 |
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] | 3,904 |
only us $ 108 million of the us $ 315 million in grants allocated to health projects . only 6 percent of bilateral aid for reconstruction projects has gone through haitian institutions , and less than 1 percent of relief funding has gone through the government of haiti . a january 2012 ox ##fa ##m report said that a half a million haitian ##s remained homeless , still living under tar ##ps and in tents . watch ##dog groups have criticized the reconstruction process saying that part of the problem is that charities spent a considerable amount of money on " soaring rents , board members ' needs , over ##pr ##ice ##d supplies and imported personnel " . the miami herald reports . " a
| 310 |
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] | 3,905 |
lot of good work was done ; the money clearly didn ' t all get sq ##uan ##der ##ed , " but , " a lot just wasn ' t responding to needs on the ground . millions were spent on ad campaigns telling people to wash their hands . telling them to wash their hands when there ' s no water or soap is a slap in the face . " the institute of justice & democracy in haiti , let haiti live , and the center for constitutional rights have recommended immediate changes to recovery efforts to ensure that critical human rights concerns are addressed . a report found that , " the conditions in the displaced persons camps are ab ##ys ##mal ,
| 465 |
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] | 3,906 |
particularly for women and girls who too often are victims of gender ‐ based violence " . they call for more oversight of accountability of reconstruction plans , asking , " why have only 94 @ , @ 000 transitional shelters been built to date despite a stated goal of 125 @ , @ 000 in the first year ? " . on 25 august 2012 , recovery was hampered due to tropical storm isaac impact ##ing haiti ' s southern peninsula . there it caused flooding and 29 deaths according to local reporting . as a result of the 2010 earthquake , more than 400 @ , @ 000 haitian ##s continue to live in tents and experienced the storm without adequate shelter . in
| 327 |
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] | 3,907 |
late october , with over 370 @ , @ 000 still living in tent camps , a second tropical storm , hurricane sandy , killed 55 and left large portions of haiti under water . at the 2012 consultative group meeting of the global facility for disaster reduction and recovery ( g ##f ##dr ##r ) , the haitian delegation shared a " bottom @ - @ up " approach to disaster reduction and management based on community integration and sustainable development with a group of experts from approximately 38 nations . according to the international monetary fund , more than half of the 10 @ , @ 000 @ , @ 000 cubic metres ( 13 @ , @ 000 @ , @ 000 cu
| 314 |
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yd ) of debris have been removed , and 20 percent of it has been recycled . the cholera outbreak which began in october 2010 has continued . according to u . s . centers for disease control and prevention it is considered the worst epidemic of cholera since the 1994 outbreak in the democratic republic of the congo ( called za ##ire at that time ) . by august 2013 , it had killed over 8 @ , @ 231 haitian ##s and hospitalized hundreds of thousands more . more than 6 % of haitian ##s have had the disease . care of cholera patients remains inadequate with much now done in tent facilities with rows of cot ##s for patient treatment . the united
| 326 |
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nations peace keeping force , widely believed responsible for the cholera outbreak , continues to refuse to accept responsibility , however , they have launched a $ 2 @ . @ 2 billion initiative to combat cholera and the construction of a $ 17 million teaching hospital in mir ##eb ##ala ##is which will employ 800 haitian ##s and treat 185 @ , @ 000 people . by the beginning of the year only a small part - - $ 215 million — of the total funds collected for aid had been spent on permanent housing , with most of it - - $ 1 @ . @ 2 billion — going for short @ - @ term solutions including tent camps , temporary shelters ,
| 350 |
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and cash grants that paid a year ' s rent . a 2013 survey disclosed that of the 1 @ . @ 5 million haitian ##s living in camps following the quake , about 279 @ , @ 000 remained in a total of 352 camps . fifteen percent of the camps had no basic protection services , and 48 % no health services . while 20 % lacked functioning toilets , this is higher than the population outside tent cities , where 50 % lack toilets . many camps remained at a risk for flooding and more than a third of the camps ( 108 ) were at risk for ev ##iction ##s . in a 2013 statement , the american red cross reported that
| 327 |
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almost all of the money collected for quake relief has been spent or is scheduled for making progress permanent by ensuring people can leave camps and return to stable communities , which includes building new homes , repairing homes , completing a new hospital and clinic , and signing an agreement for a second hospital . in 2015 , npr and prop ##ub ##lica investigated the disappearance of us $ 500 million donated to the american red cross , described as " one of the most successful fundraiser ##s ever " . despite the claims of the american red cross that 130 @ , @ 000 homes had been built , the investigation discovered that only six had been built . the investigation reviewed " hundreds
| 205 |
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" of pages of internal documents and interviewed " more than a dozen " former and current staff members , and investigated the organization ' s claim that 4 @ . @ 5 million haitian ##s had been helped " back on their feet " despite joel bout ##rou ##e , a haitian government advisor , stating that this number would cover " 100 percent of the urban area " , and observing that this would mean they had served every city in haiti . numerous other claims did not hold up under investigation , and it was found that the project was riddle ##d with " multiple staff ##ing changes " , bureau ##cratic delays and a language barrier as many of the red cross
| 326 |
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officials did not speak french or creole . general counsel for the american red cross , david melt ##zer , directed the investigators to their official statistics , but would not elaborate on them . the public affairs office of the red cross disputed npr and prop ##ub ##lica ' s claims in an email , and claimed that the investigative report could cause an international incident . the american red cross has handed over the rebuilding efforts to the haitian red cross . = = in literature = = the haiti 2010 earthquake has been depicted in the novel god loves haiti , by dim ##it ##ry elias leger . = de de ##za ##s a es ##pw ##a : interviews with persons affected by
| 160 |
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the 2010 haiti earthquake = yo ##n ko ##ze ak mo ##un tran ##ble ##man ##de ##te ann a ##yi ##ti a af ##ek ##te . united states : xl ##ib ##ris . isbn 978 ##14 ##7 ##9 ##70 ##9 ##47 ##2 . = thom dar ##den = thomas vincent dar ##den ( born august 28 , 1950 ) is a former american football cornerback , safety , and punt return ##er who played for the cleveland browns of the national football league ( nfl ) . in the nfl , he was a three @ - @ time all @ - @ pro free safety . he earned a pro bowl selection in 1978 . he holds most cleveland browns franchise interception records . he
| 637 |
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was an all @ - @ american defensive back for the michigan wolverine ##s football team and made one of the more memorable interceptions in college football history . after retiring from football , dar ##den pursued careers as a sports agent , security provider and business consultant . dar ##den was born in sand ##us ##ky , ohio . he graduated from sand ##us ##ky high school . = = college football = = after graduating , he was recruited by six big ten conference football programs in 1968 . he played at the university of michigan from 1969 to 1971 and had 218 tackles and 11 interceptions . he was an all american in 1971 , and he was also named all @ -
| 622 |
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@ big ten in 1970 . he played on big ten champions in both 1969 and 1971 . thom fit in well at michigan becoming one of coach bo sc ##hem ##be ##ch ##ler ' s prized pupils and earning a reference in his 2006 book bo sc ##hem ##be ##ch ##ler . dar ##den still ranks among leaders at michigan for punt returns and punt return yard ##age . dar ##den played all defensive back positions at michigan . in college , dar ##den was a house ##mate of reggie mckenzie , glenn dough ##ty , billy taylor and mike taylor in a notable house known as the den of the mel ##low men . espn chose dar ##den ' s november 21 , 1971
| 635 |
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interception against ohio state as one of the 100 plays , performances and moments that define college football . the play was a very controversial call late in the 10 – 7 game and ohio state coach woody hayes stormed the field to ran ##t at the referee jerry mark ##bre ##it about the referee ' s call that hayes thought should have been ruled pass interference . by the end of hayes ' ti ##rade , he had broken a yard marker , shredded a first @ - @ down indicator and earned two 15 @ - @ yard un ##sport ##sman ##like penalties . the scene was replay ##ed over and over on national television broadcasts . that was dar ##den ' s second
| 635 |
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interception in that game . espn also chose dar ##den as a member of the all @ - @ time university of michigan football team . = = pro football = = dar ##den was drafted in the first round ( 18th overall ) in the 1972 nfl draft by the cleveland browns . dar ##den started at free safety from his rookie season of 1972 until he lost the job in his tenth and final season to clinton burr ##ell . he was selected an all @ - @ pro safety in 1976 , 1978 , and 1979 , and went to the pro bowl in 1978 . over the course of his career he handled 45 punt returns for 285 return yards . dar
| 637 |
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##den holds cleveland browns franchise records with 45 career interceptions , 10 single @ - @ season interceptions and 820 interception return yards . two of dar ##den ' s browns teams went to the playoffs . his rookie year , the 10 – 4 1972 browns went to the 1972 @ - @ 73 nfl playoffs under head coach nick sk ##oric ##h , but lost in the first round to the miami dolphins 20 – 14 . the 11 – 5 1980 browns went to the 1980 @ - @ 81 nfl playoffs under head coach sam ru ##ti ##glia ##no , but lost in the first round to the oakland raiders 14 – 12 . dar ##den was ranked 47th on the cleveland
| 637 |
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browns top 100 players list . = = post football = = dar ##den has served as a professional sports agent and represented tony bo ##les . in 1990 , he invested $ 25 @ , @ 000 in bo ##les by hosting him in cleveland , ohio and working him out with athletic trainers . at the time he was cleveland @ - @ based sports agent . during dar ##den ' s career as an agent he represented an assortment of nfl and national basketball association players and prospects including felix wright and chris call ##owa ##y . he was a supporter of maurice clare ##tt ' s attempt to challenge the nfl draft ' s eligibility rules . in 1998 , when the
| 637 |
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nfl reissued a franchise in cleveland , dar ##den was part of one of the six bidding groups . in 1999 , he owned a security company in cedar rapids , iowa . as of 2006 , dar ##den was a business consultant living in cedar rapids . in 1993 , he went to jail for failure to pay child support . at the time he was a registered nfl agent in connecticut and owed $ 14 @ , @ 000 in child support , $ 30 @ , @ 000 to a trust for his 16 @ - @ year @ - @ old son , todd , and $ 12 @ , @ 000 in his former wife ' s legal fees . dar
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##den had been married to she ##ryl from 1972 – 1977 when they divorced . he had previously been $ 5000 in ar ##rea ##rs until being briefly jailed for failure to pay and cursing the judge . he had been in contempt of court twenty times previously . = voyage : inspired by jules ve ##rne = voyage : inspired by jules ve ##rne ( known as journey to the moon in the united kingdom and australia ) is a point @ - @ and @ - @ click adventure game with pre @ - @ rendered graphics , developed by k ##he ##ops studio and published by the adventure company for the pc in 2005 . the game ' s story focuses on a
| 160 |
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french adventurer ' s journey to the moon in the 19th century , and the ancient lunar civilization he sub ##se ##que ##n ##fin ##ds . voyage is loosely based on the novels from the earth to the moon and around the moon by science @ - @ fiction author jules ve ##rne , and the novel the first men in the moon by science @ - @ fiction author h . g . wells . reactions to the game were generally mixed . in particular , some reviewers praised it for im ##mers ##ing the player in the look and feel of the 19th century ; others have criticized it for featuring dated graphics and dull textures . while staying true to most adventure game
| 827 |
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conventions , voyage has some unique features for its genre . these include two dexter ##ity mini ##games which take advantage of the reduced gravity in the game ' s lunar setting , and an " intelligence management system " , in which a score is assigned to the player for every puzzle he solve ##s , and for certain actions . the adventure company introduced this feature to mo ##tiv ##ate players to replay the game to increase their cumulative score . the main focus of voyage is puzzle @ - @ solving . the player can move by clicking , and can sw ##ive ##l the camera 360 degrees . there are several types of puzzle in voyage including those involving native plant life
| 279 |
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on the moon , mechanical puzzles , audio puzzles , and mathematical puzzles . many of these puzzles require the player to dec ##ip ##her and use the native language of the moon . voyage features two unique dexter ##ity mini ##games . using a low @ - @ gravity setting , the first mini ##game requires the player to collect floating bubbles in a can , and the second requires the player to execute large jumps across the surface of the moon . these two mini ##games form only a minor part of the game . the game also has several timed sequences requiring the player to complete puzzles under a time limit . the consequence of failing a puzzle of this sort is death
| 279 |
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, after which the player is able to return and replay the puzzle . players can also be killed as the result of taking incorrect actions related to the game ' s story . a critical aspect of gameplay in voyage is the inventory system , which allows the player to pick up and keep dozens of different items . however , the maximum quantity of a given item that the player may keep in his inventory at any one time is three . one of the main uses of the inventory is to combine items together to make new items . this process of breaking and reforming items in the inventory comprises a large portion of the puzzle aspect of the game . the inventory
| 302 |
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can also be used to create meals which the player can consume ; this ability plays a major role in several puzzles . another use of the inventory is to create hybrid lunar plants , which play a critical role in the earlier puzzles of the game . = = = intelligence management system = = = the " intelligence management system " featured in voyage is a score assigned to the player by the se ##len ##ites , the natives of the moon . for each puzzle the player solve ##s , and for certain actions , this score is increased , and the se ##len ##ites treat the player with more respect . during an interview with gamer ##sin ##fo , benoit ho ##z
| 279 |
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##jan , managing director and co @ - @ founder of k ##he ##ops studio , described the system , saying : in the same interview , alexis lang , the lead game designer at k ##he ##ops , commented that : " [ a ] low score does not mean that you are stupid in any way , it just means that some po ##mp ##ous and bomb ##astic lunar people think that your character is dumb ! " this reflects the fact that the " intelligence management system " is designed primarily to earn the respect of the se ##len ##ites . however , ho ##z ##jan also said that he hopes " players will try to increase their score and certainly share their
| 821 |
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experience through forums . " the adventure company has marketed the system as bringing a degree of replay value to voyage , as players can replay the game to achieve a higher score . voyage is set in 1865 . president bar ##bic ##ane of the ' gun club ' decides to build an enormous cannon in baltimore to shoot a shell , capable of supporting human life , towards the moon in the hopes of a successful landing . voyage ' s protagonist , michel ar ##dan , volunteers to travel in the aluminium shell . after the game ' s brief introduction in the shell , ar ##dan lands on the moon and discovers the se ##len ##ites , as well as a complex
| 172 |
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] | 3,930 |
ecosystem of lunar plants . the main accessible areas in the game are the moon ' s surface , and the underground se ##len ##ite civilization . the ' se ##len ##ites ' are the subterranean inhabitants of the moon , and are a highly intelligent society maintained by hierarchy and secret . they possess blue skin , large black eyes and transparent cerebral lobes on the sides of their heads . this is in fact a reference to h . g . wells ' book the first men in the moon , as the adventurer ##s never actually land on the moon in ve ##rne ' s original story . they are divided into castes . the se ##len ##ites live in a large complex
| 514 |
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] | 3,931 |
under the surface of the moon from which they rarely venture , with the exception of the ' exiles ' . the se ##len ##ites " ban ##ish [ these ] dr ##eg ##s of their society , the criminals and psychotic ##s , " to the surface of the moon . there are three se ##len ##ite exiles with whom the player can interact ; they live on the surface and sleep in their isolated underground stables at night . each exile has two different plants on either shoulder with which they share a special bond . the player character is michel ar ##dan , an eccentric and int ##re ##pid french scientist who is enthusiastic , daring and cheerful . president bar ##bic ##ane
| 513 |
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] | 3,932 |
, the president of the gun club , and captain nic ##hol ##l , an engineer , are both found dead at the start of the game , not having survived the flight to the moon . a woman called diana features in the game ' s backs ##tory , as a woman whose ancestors made contact with the se ##len ##ites . apart from these human characters , there are also several se ##len ##ite characters such as the supreme moon ruler , the high dig ##ni ##tary , sc ##ur ##vy , sc ##rup ##le , and the three exiles . voyage begins as ar ##dan awake ##s in the shell and discovers his two dead companions : bar ##bic ##ane and nic ##hol
| 173 |
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] | 3,933 |
##l . the first part of the game consists of ar ##dan investigating the shell , trying to regain his memory of what happened , and how bar ##bic ##ane and nic ##hol ##l died , he will also encounter other problems , most notably when his oxygen supply is low and needs to be re ##med ##ied . eventually ar ##dan ' s journey will carry him into orbit around the moon in which he must prepare himself for a lunar landing . once ar ##dan successfully lands the shell on the moon , he must solve a series of puzzles on the surface in order to gain access to the hidden civilization below . there he encounters the se ##len ##ite race . following
| 174 |
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] | 3,934 |
this , ar ##dan focus ##ses on finding a way to leave the moon and report his findings to earth . after acquiring what he needs , ar ##dan travels back to earth in the shell . he lands in the ocean and manages to swim to a nearby island , where he meets another famous jules ve ##rne character , captain ne ##mo . = = development = = journey to the center of the moon was announced for the pc at e ##3 2005 . the adventure company collaborated with developers k ##he ##ops studios for the release . benoit ho ##z ##jan , the co @ - @ founder of k ##he ##ops studio , became managing director of the game , while
| 685 |
[
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] | 3,935 |
alexis lang became the lead game designer . journey to the center of the moon was later renamed voyage : inspired by jules ve ##rne . benoit ho ##z ##jan explained the change , saying that journey to the center of the moon " seems to be confusing and some people thought that it could be the sequel to journey to the center of the earth , " another ve ##rne @ - @ inspired pc game , " so marketing decided to change it . " the name was changed on july 7 , 2005 , a few months after the game ' s announcement . benoit ho ##z ##jan explained k ##he ##ops studio ' s choice of jules ve ##rne ' s work
| 674 |
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] | 3,936 |
as a basis for voyage , saying that : " jules ve ##rne ' s novels provide the two core elements of adventure games : dreams and challenges . characters are ordinary men engaged in concrete challenges that are [ a ] great inspiration for puzzles . " he further went on to say that the game is influenced by ve ##rne ' s from the earth to the moon , which documents the lead up to the lunar trip , but draws more heavily from the sequel around the moon , which recounts the actual voyage . the main difference , ho ##z ##jan said , was that in the novel the protagonists fail to reach the moon , whereas in voyage the trip is
| 710 |
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] | 3,937 |
a success . additionally , alexis lang attributed the inspiration for the se ##len ##ites to h . g . wells ' the first men in the moon , explaining that : " [ wells ] pictured a very ancient se ##len ##ite civil ##isation horrified at human rough ##ness . wells was more mis ##ant ##hr ##op ##ist than ve ##rne . to balance this fact , we ' ve added a touch of irony in our story and chosen a very optimistic and joy ##ful main character . " the adventure company announced the release of the voyage demo on august 3 , 2005 . the demo included the game ' s introduction in the shell . voyage , originally slated for a september
| 684 |
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] | 3,938 |
27 release , was shipped to stores ahead of schedule on august 16 , 2005 . the game retail ##ed for us $ 19 @ . @ 99 . = = reception = = in general , voyage received mixed reviews upon its release . according to metacritic , reviewers have given voyage scores between 60 % and 86 % . one of the more positively received aspects of the game was its ability to rec ##reate the mood of 19th century science @ - @ fiction , with games ##pot writing that the game " nicely re @ - @ creates the w ##him ##sic ##al mood of 19th @ - @ century sci @ - @ fi [ and ] a sense of wonder
| 829 |
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] | 3,939 |
fills every pixel of the graphic design . " in contrast , game over online magazine said that once the player leaves the capsule and arrives on the moon , instead of viewing colorful and won ##dro ##us sights , the game turns into a dr ##ab and unlikely bore . the puzzle aspect of voyage met with mixed responses . on the other hand , games ##pot accused the puzzle aspects of voyage of " red ##uc [ ing ] jules ve ##rne ' s tale of a visit to the moon in 1865 to a series of cl ##ums ##ily arranged logic puzzles geared to try the patience of adventure @ - @ game veterans . " the puzzles in the game are often
| 784 |
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] | 3,940 |
extremely difficult , with just adventure at ##tri ##bu ##ting the unexpected difficulty in the game to the fact that there are often several different ways to achieve the same goals , thanks to the game ' s " intelligence management system " . the game ' s inventory system received praise from gamer ##sin ##fo as being very well done . in terms of graphics , voyage was poorly received , with the graphics being described by game ##zone as containing some vibrant colors , but lacking the lush , spectacular view that has been seen in countless other adventure games . voyage has also been criticized for its lack of story and over @ - @ reliance on back story . the game '
| 781 |
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] | 3,941 |
s music was generally appreciated , with jolt describing the music has having a nice retro @ - @ futuristic feel which sets the mood perfectly . g ##4 commented on the game ' s voice acting as overly dramatic but appropriate , but criticized many of the sound effects as being che ##es ##y . games ##pot described ar ##dan ' s dialogue as somewhat lame , and also criticized the game ' s sound effects . metacritic averaged out the scores of several internet reviews of voyage to reach a rating of 71 % , the closest to an ' overall ' rating of the game . = old baltimore pike = old baltimore pike is a road in the u . s .
| 785 |
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] | 3,942 |
state of delaware . the road , known as new castle county road 26 , runs from maryland route 281 ( md 281 ) at the maryland state line south of newark , delaware and continues east to christian ##a , ending near delaware route 1 ( de 1 ) . the road is parallel ##ed by interstate 95 ( i @ - @ 95 , delaware turnpike ) to the north and u . s . route 40 ( us 40 , pu ##las ##ki highway ) to the south . the old baltimore pike was built before 1720 and connected elk ##ton , maryland to christian ##a . it was a turnpike called the elk and christian ##a turnpike between 1817 and 1838 .
| 616 |
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] | 3,943 |
in the past it served as a major connection between philadelphia and baltimore . = = route description = = old baltimore pike begins at the delaware – maryland state line near newark , delaware , where the highway continues west into that state as md 281 . the road heads northeast from the state line through wooded residential areas as a two @ - @ lane und ##iv ##ided road , intersecting ot ##ts chapel road before passing south of iron hill park . old baltimore pike crosses de 89 ##6 and enters rural areas . here , the roadway passes co ##och ' s bridge , a historic battle site of the american revolutionary war . it then crosses norfolk southern ' s del
| 617 |
[
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] | 3,944 |
##mar ##va secondary railroad line and encounters de 72 . after this intersection , old baltimore pike continues past suburban neighborhoods , gaining a center left @ - @ turn lane and intersecting salem church road . farther east , the highway reaches a junction with de 273 in a wooded area . at this point , the road narrows to two lanes again and heads into the community of christian ##a . here , the highway intersects de 7 , where it turns north and follows that route through residential areas . the road comes to an interchange with de 1 to the west of the christian ##a mall , where de 7 continues north along with de 1 and old baltimore pike reaches a
| 617 |
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] | 3,945 |
dead end . the old baltimore pike was built before 1720 . the road was known as the great road and ran between head of elk ( now elk ##ton , maryland ) and christian ##a bridge . it was later known as the christian ##a @ - @ elk ##ton turnpike before becoming old baltimore pike . this path served as a major connection between philadelphia and baltimore in addition to providing access between the shipping area of christian ##a bridge and agricultural areas in northern delaware , northern maryland , and southeastern pennsylvania . in 1723 , welsh tract settlers pushed for the road to be improved . this road was part of the washington – roc ##ham ##beau revolutionary route that was used
| 603 |
[
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] | 3,946 |
by the french army during their march from newport , rhode island to york ##town during the revolutionary war , passing through the area in september 1781 . the road , also known as old post road , was incorporated in 1813 as the elk and christian ##a turnpike in order to get more money for repairs . the turnpike was completed in april 1817 . as a turnpike , toll ##s were collected to pay for the maintenance of the road . the construction of the new castle and french ##town railroad lowered the revenues of the turnpike and it became a public road again in 1838 . the road historically went through agricultural areas ; however , the surroundings have become more developed over
| 607 |
[
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] | 3,947 |
the years . much of the old baltimore pike remains two lanes . = = major intersections = = the entire route is in new castle county . mega man & bass , known in japan as rock ##man & forte ( ロ ##ッ ##ク ##マ ##ン & [UNK] , ro ##kk ##uman and ##o for ##ute ) , is an action @ - @ platform video game developed and published by capcom . it is a spin @ - @ off title in the original mega man series and was originally released exclusively in japan on april 24 , 1998 for the super fa ##mic ##om . mega man & bass was ported to the game boy advance ( gb ##a ) handheld in 2002
| 898 |
[
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] | 3,948 |
and was localized in north america and pal regions the following year . after defeating the evil dr . wil ##y many times , the robotic hero mega man is called into action once again when a powerful being known as king steals the blue ##print ##s to the creations of dr . wil ##y and dr . light in order to create an army for robotic dominance over humans . having learned of the threat , mega man ' s rival bass decides to take matters into his own hands . the game is an action @ - @ platform ##er where the player advances by defeating bosses and acquiring their signature weapons . mega man & bass lets the player choose between either of
| 302 |
[
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] | 3,949 |
its title characters , each of which plays differently from the other . mega man & bass debuted on the aging 16 @ - @ bit super fa ##mic ##om despite the series having already transitioned to the playstation and sega saturn with mega man 8 . artist and designer kei ##ji ina ##fu ##ne claimed mega man & bass was created with regard to younger players who did not yet own one of the more advanced gaming systems . the game received positive remarks from critics for its graphics and use of a tried @ - @ and @ - @ true gameplay formula , though many found the difficulty to be too steep . although mega man & bass shares many traits with previous
| 915 |
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] | 3,950 |
console games in the series , the ninth numbered title would not be released until 2008 . the story of mega man & bass varies slightly depending on which player character is chosen . it begins one year after mega ##man 8 when a robot villain named king breaks into dr . wil ##y ' s laboratory and then the robot museum to collect the data blue ##print ##s for the creations of dr . light . dr . light alert ##s the hero mega man that he must go at once to the robot museum to confront this new enemy . meanwhile , bass ( mega man ' s rival and wil ##y ' s greatest creation ) hears of the new criminal ' s
| 379 |
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] | 3,951 |
appearance and decides to prove himself the stronger robot by defeating king . proto man is the first to arrive at the scene . king di ##vu ##lge ##s his plan to him ; he desires to create a utopia in which robots rule the world over humans . to accomplish this , king seeks to create an un ##sto ##ppa ##ble army using the data and invites proto man to join him . proto man refuses and attempts to attack , but king counters and slices his body in half . proto man then tel ##ep ##ort ##s back to the lab for repairs while king escapes with the data , ins ##tructing his minions to handle the heroes . with their own motivation ##s
| 272 |
[
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] | 3,952 |
, mega man and bass set out to put a stop to king ' s plans . after van ##qui ##shing eight powerful robots under allegiance to king ( cold man , astro man , ground man , magic man , ten ##gu man , dynamo man , pirate man , and burn ##er man ) , the duo infiltrate ##s his castle and engages him in combat . proto man interrupt ##s the fight and again attempts to defeat their new nemesis . putting all of his remaining energy into a blast , proto man manages to destroy king ' s shield and loses consciousness , allowing mega man and bass to best king in battle afterwards . king questions why they fight so hard
| 302 |
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] | 3,953 |
for humans when robots are the superior species . the pair explains that humans are the ones who created robots in the first place , which confuse ##s king . the villain reveals that his creator is dr . wil ##y , who then appears on a video monitor . when king asks the evil inventor why robots fight each other for the sake of humans , wil ##y strengthen ##s his " brain ##wash ##ing level " and restore ##s his power . mega man and bass engage king in another battle and defeat him , but not before the latter tel ##ep ##ort ##s proto man out of his castle . the castle begins a self @ - @ des ##truct sequence and the
| 186 |
[
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] | 3,954 |
protagonists escape without king . mega man and bass begin a final confrontation with dr . wil ##y in his newly regained laboratory . when wil ##y is beaten , bass demands to know why he dec ##ei ##ved him . wil ##y explains that he created king simply to test bass ' abilities . wil ##y shows him written plans for making a newer version of king to join with bass in this venture , promising that the two would be invincible together . proto man appears and immediately destroys these plans . wil ##y then demands bass to destroy proto man , but bass is unsure . it was then proto man tells bass that although he is a strong robot of free will
| 797 |
[
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] | 3,955 |
, he can never defeat his rival because he has nothing for which to fight . bass doesn ' t care and forces proto man to leave , saying that he will still destroy mega man to prove his cause . mega man returns home where his sister roll presents him a letter from king , who has somehow escaped the destruction of his castle . king wishes to at ##one for his own crimes against humans and hopes for them to be friends if they were to meet in the future . the gameplay in mega man & bass is similar to earlier games in the series . the player is tasked with completing a series of action @ - @ platform stages while overcoming
| 190 |
[
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] | 3,956 |
obstacles , solving minor puzzles , and battling enemies . destroying the " robot master " boss at the end of a stage lets the player acquire its special weapon . in previous games , the player generally took on the role of the hero mega man . in this game , the player can choose to start the game as either mega man or bass . however , whichever character is picked must be used for the rest of the game and cannot be changed . mega man is able to charge his shots to make them more powerful and has the ability to slide along the ground . bass is able to rapidly fire his arm cannon in eight directions , though shots cannot
| 303 |
[
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] | 3,957 |
be fired while moving or pass through walls unless a certain upgrade is obtained . bass is also able to double @ - @ jump ( jump a second time in mid @ - @ air ) and dash along the ground . performing both simultaneously lets him cross great distances by doing a dash @ - @ jump . the stage structure is different from other games in the series . after the introduction level , the player can only choose between three robot masters . defeating cold man unlock ##s burn ##er man and pirate man ; defeating astro man unlock ##s dynamo man , ten ##gu man , and pirate man ; and defeating ground man unlock ##s magic man and ten ##gu
| 302 |
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] | 3,958 |
man . clearing one of these unlocked stages opens the way to a security room where the player must destroy a series of crystals with obtained robot master weapons . bypass ##ing all eight crystals opens the way to the fortress stages . in a similar fashion to previous installment ##s in the series , enemies often drop bolts after they are destroyed , and these can be exchanged for various rest ##ora ##tive items and upgrades . however , unlike in mega man 7 the security cavern offers a way to obtain large amounts of bolts without having to repeatedly visit stages . some upgrades are unique to either character , such as mega man ' s ability to call on his dog rush to
| 303 |
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] | 3,959 |
search for items , or an adapt ##or for bass to combine with his wolf tre ##ble to temporarily fly . also distributed throughout the introduction and robot master levels are a collection of 100 data cds that contain information on many prominent characters in the series . most of the cds are hidden either behind obstacles that need to be destroyed with a special weapon or accessed with a character @ - @ specific ability , making it impossible to collect them all on a single play ##th ##rou ##gh . cds collected in each play ##th ##rou ##gh are permanently placed in a database and remain unlocked after beating the game . saved games are used in place of the series ' traditional password
| 302 |
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] | 3,960 |
system . = = development = = mega man & bass was developed for the super fa ##mic ##om after the release of mega man 8 , which preceded mega man & bass on the two 32 @ - @ bit consoles , the playstation and sega saturn . according to series producer kei ##ji ina ##fu ##ne , mega man & bass was intended for younger players who still owned a super fa ##mic ##om and did not have the means to experience mega man 8 on one of the newer systems . " even though trying to bridge out a new title on the [ super fa ##mic ##om ] was a little backwards at the time , we didn ' t want to
| 820 |
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] | 3,961 |
make a half @ - @ hearted attempt at it , " ina ##fu ##ne explained . the design team included several new employees , as well as members of previous mega man games . ina ##fu ##ne required them to make the game " as hardcore as possible " . designer hide ##ki is ##hi ##kawa recalled the development of mega man & bass as " one big party " . the staff attempted to create an original game while avoiding the " same old , same old [ . . . ] pit ##fall " that so many long video game series suffer and " had a lot of fun doing it " . graphical ##ly , mega man & bass uses many of
| 797 |
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] | 3,962 |
the same two @ - @ dimensional sp ##rites and animation ##s as mega man 8 . two of the eight robot master bosses in mega man & bass ( ten ##gu man and astro man ) are borrowed from mega man 8 . the other six were newly created for the game by three character designers : hit ##oshi ari ##ga ( credited as " h . ari ##ga " ) , yo ##shi ##hiro i ##wa ##moto ( credited as " y . i ##wa ##moto " ) and ko ##ji i ##zuki ( credited as " k . id ##uki " ) designed two characters each . the bosses were officially unveiled on a teaser page in the ko ##dan ##sha magazine comic
| 784 |
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".",
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"\"",
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",",
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] | 3,963 |
bon ##bon . each boss was given distinct characteristics so that they could be easily identified by players in both their aesthetics and personalities . some of these characters had different names during their conceptual phase prior to the final ##ization of the game . " blast man " became burn ##er man , " freeze ##r man " became cold man , and " coil man " became dynamo man . i ##wa ##moto originally denoted ground man as " drill man " despite there already being a robot master by that name in mega man 4 . the musical score for mega man & bass was composed by aka ##ri kai ##da ( credited as " a . kai ##da " ) , na
| 276 |
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] | 3,964 |
##oshi mi ##zu ##ta ( credited as " n . mi ##zu ##ta " ) , and " ki ##rik ##iri @ - @ chan " ( real name unknown ) . rather than create tracks together , each composer was responsible for their own songs . kai ##da would later work with other composers in the mega man series on the soundtrack for mega man 10 , released in 2010 . mega man & bass was originally available in japan through the nintendo power game service in lawson convenience stores . its popularity prompted capcom to later release the game in super fa ##mic ##om cartridge form . until its gb ##a re @ - @ release , it was one of the few mega
| 898 |
[
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] | 3,965 |
man titles not localized for english @ - @ speaking countries . the company commemorated the 15th anniversary of the mega man franchise with the gb ##a version of the game . = = reception and legacy = = the gb ##a port has received generally positive critical reviews , currently holding an aggregate score of 79 % on both gamer ##an ##king ##s and metacritic . most critics found the game to be a solid yet conventional action @ - @ platform ##er that successfully adhere ##s to the classic mega man formula . electronic gaming monthly summarized that mega man & bass is " one of the best action games on gb ##a " and " a great , if slightly derivative , platform
| 293 |
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] | 3,966 |
##er " with plenty of replay value due to the collect ##ible cds . game ##pro was pleased with the game ' s fidelity to its predecessors when compared to the deviation ##s made by the mega man battle network and mega man zero series on the same system . games ##py contra ##rily criticized its lack of innovation , declaring , " anyone that hasn ' t tried a mega man game yet would be better advised to spend $ 15 on a new copy of mega man 8 on the ps ##one rather than paying $ 30 for an inferior re ##tre ##ad of the same game " . many reviews also noted the game ' s high difficulty . both gia ##nca ##rl
| 279 |
[
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] | 3,967 |
##o var ##ani ##ni of games ##pot and craig harris of ign found that the game ' s bosses have very unpredictable attack patterns , thus making the battles extremely challenging . harris additionally observed a heavy amount of trial @ - @ and @ - @ error for the levels themselves where the player must die several times before completing each one . he concluded , " [ . . . ] it ' s really the way mega man games have always been . . . and to be honest , with all of the annoying little deaths in the game , there ' s always that sensation after every failure that you ' ve learned the challenge , and per ##se ##verance definitely
| 785 |
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"."
] | 3,968 |
pre ##va ##ils in this game " . according to fa ##mit ##su , mega man & bass for the gb ##a sold 91 @ , @ 09 ##7 copies in japan between its release date and the week of december 23 , 2002 . nintendo power listed mega man & bass as the 14th best gb ##a game of all time in its 20th anniversary issue in 2008 . a related game exclusive to japan titled rock ##man & forte mira ##i kara no chosen ##sha ( ロ ##ッ ##ク ##マ ##ン & [UNK] [UNK] [UNK] か ##ら ##の [UNK] 戦 [UNK] , lit . rock ##man & forte : challenger from the future ) was released for the wonders ##wan handheld in 1999 .
| 920 |
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] | 3,969 |
the plot consists of the titular duo ' s struggle against an adversary named " rock ##man shadow " . as mega man & bass was released directly after mega man 8 and it shares plot and gameplay characteristics with the rest of the numbered titles in the series , many believed it to be the ninth main game in the series ; however , the actual mega man 9 would not be released until 2008 . ina ##fu ##ne explained in an interview with the brazilian magazine nintendo world that the ninth installment follows the storyline of mega man 8 and that the worlds for mega man & bass and mega man 9 are meant to coincide with one another , as evidenced by a
| 788 |
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"ohio",
"state"
] | 3,970 |
sc ##hema ##tic of bass in the ending of the game . in 2010 , bass was made playable via downloadable content in mega man 10 . as in mega man & bass , he is able to dash , fire in seven directions with his buster , and fly by combining with tre ##ble . elements of the game appeared in the mega man comic series from archie comics before it went on hiatus . most notably , king appeared during a time travel story in issue 20 , while issue 55 saw dr . light experiencing a vision of the events of the game among other yet @ - @ to @ - @ be @ - @ adapted games . = ohio state
| 837 |
[
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] | 3,971 |
route 319 = state route 319 ( sr 319 ) is a very short , two @ - @ lane state highway in the western portion of the u . s . state of ohio . a spur route , sr 319 has its western terminus at an abandoned railroad grade just west of washington street in the village of burke ##tt ##sville . its eastern terminus is 0 @ . @ 56 miles ( 0 @ . @ 90 km ) to the east of its western terminus at its junction with sr 118 . sr 319 was established in the early 1930s . it started out as a much longer highway , but earlier segments would become a part of sr 118 in the
| 619 |
[
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] | 3,972 |
late 1930s . = = route description = = for its entire length , sr 319 runs along the boundary between dark ##e county on the south side and mercer county on the north side . sr 319 begins in downtown burke ##tt ##sville at a former railroad grade just west of washington street . known as main street within burke ##tt ##sville , the route runs due east through the village ' s central business district prior to entering a residential area where it intersects a few side streets . after leaving the village of burke ##tt ##sville , sr 319 becomes the boundary between dark ##e county ' s allen township and mercer county ' s granville township . after a short distance through
| 619 |
[
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"identified",
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] | 3,973 |
farmland , the highway comes to an end as it arrives at its junction with sr 118 . continuing east after the route terminates is dark ##e – mercer county line road . the ohio department of transportation ( o ##dot ) conducts surveys throughout its highway system to determine traffic volume . this is most commonly expressed as the average annual daily traffic ( aa ##dt ) , or the measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year . in 2010 , o ##dot determined that an average of 710 vehicles per day traveled along the length of sr 319 . this state highway is not included as a part of the national highway system , a system of highways identified as
| 619 |
[
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] | 3,974 |
being most important for the economy , mobility and defense of the nation . sr 319 was assigned in 1932 . originally , sr 319 included the entirety of the current route , along with the stretch of sr 118 from sr 319 north to sr 219 in cold ##water . in 1935 , sr 319 was extended further north along the present alignment of sr 118 to what was then designated as sr 32 , now a part of sr 29 , west of ce ##lina . two years later , sr 118 was extended south from its former southern terminus in rock ##ford to its present southern terminus in greenville . consequently , the entirety of what was the north – south stretch of
| 619 |
[
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"1909",
"\"",
"people",
"'"
] | 3,975 |
sr 319 prior to that time became a part of the new extension of sr 118 . in turn , sr 319 became the short spur route that it is today . = = major intersections = = = parliament act 1911 = the parliament act 1911 is an act of the parliament of the united kingdom . it is constitutional ##ly important and partly govern ##s the relationship between the house of commons and the house of lords which make up the houses of parliament . this act must be con ##st ##rued as one with the parliament act 1949 . the two acts may be cited together as the parliament acts 1911 and 1949 . following the rejection of the 1909 " people '
| 592 |
[
"s",
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",",
"george",
"v"
] | 3,976 |
s budget " , the house of commons sought to establish its formal dominance over the house of lords , who had broken convention in opposing the bill . the budget was eventually passed by the lords after the commons ' democratic mandate was confirmed by holding elections in january 1910 . the following parliament act , which looked to prevent a rec ##ur ##rence of the budget problems , was also widely opposed in the lords and cross @ - @ party discussion failed , particularly because of the proposed act ' s app ##lica ##bility to passing an irish home rule bill . after a second general election in december , the act was passed with the support of the monarch , george v
| 482 |
[
",",
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"the",
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"1832",
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"when",
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"house",
"of"
] | 3,977 |
, who threatened to create sufficient liberal peers to overcome the then conservative majority . the act effectively removed the right of the lords to veto money bills completely , and replaced a right of veto over other public bills with a maximum delay of two years . it also reduced the maximum term of a parliament from seven years to five . = = background = = until the parliament act 1911 , there was no way to resolve contradiction ##s between the two houses of parliament except through the creation of additional peers by the monarch . queen anne had created 12 tory peers to vote through the treaty of utrecht in 1713 . the reform act 1832 was passed when the house of
| 484 |
[
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] | 3,978 |
lords dropped opposition — william iv had threatened to create 80 new peers by request of the prime minister , earl grey — creating an informal convention that the lords would give way when the public was behind the house of commons . for example , irish di ##ses ##ta ##bl ##ishment , which had been a major bone of contention between the two main parties since the 1830s , was — following intervention by the queen — passed by the lords in 1869 after w . e . gladstone won the 1868 election on the issue . however , in practice , this gave the lords a right to demand that such public support was present and to decide the timing of a general election
| 458 |
[
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"compared",
"to"
] | 3,979 |
. it was the prevailing wisdom that the house of lords could not amend money bills , since only the house of commons had the right to decide upon the resources the monarch could call upon . this did not , however , despite the apparent contradiction , prevent it from rejecting such bills outright . in 1860 , with the repeal of the paper duties , all money bills were consolidated into a single budget . this denied the lords the ability to reject individual components and the prospect of voting down the entire budget was seemingly un ##pala ##table . it was only in 1909 that this became a possibility . until the act , the lords had equal rights over legislation compared to
| 456 |
[
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"such",
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] | 3,980 |
the commons , but did not ut ##ilis ##e its right of veto over financial measures by convention . there had been an overwhelming conservative @ - @ unionist majority in the lords since the liberal split in 1886 . with the liberal party attempting to push through significant welfare reforms with considerable popular support , this seemed certain to cause problems in the relationship between the houses . between 1906 and 1909 , several important measures were being considerably watered down or rejected outright : for example , bi ##rrell introduced the education bill 1906 , which was intended to address non ##con ##form ##ist gr ##ie ##vances arising from the education act 1902 , but which was amended by the lords to such an
| 469 |
[
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"\"",
"."
] | 3,981 |
extent that it was effectively a different bill , upon which the commons dropped the bill . this led to the 26 june 1907 resolution in the house of commons declaring that the lords ' power should be curt ##ailed , put forward by liberal prime minister henry campbell @ - @ banner ##man . in 1909 , hoping to force an election , the lords rejected the financial bill based on the government budget ( the " people ' s budget " ) put forward by david lloyd george , by 350 votes to 75 . this , according to the commons , was " a breach of the constitution , and a us ##ur ##pati ##on of the rights of the commons " .
| 460 |
[
"the",
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".",
"a"
] | 3,982 |
the lords suggested that the commons justify its position as representing the will of the people : it did this through the january 1910 general election . the liberal government lost heavily , but remained in majority with the help of a significant number of irish nationalist and labour mps . the irish nationalists saw the continued power of the lords as detrimental to securing irish home rule . following the election , the lords re ##lent ##ed on the budget ( since reintroduced by the government ) , it passing the lords on 28 april , a day after the commons . the lords was now faced with the prospect of a parliament act , which had considerable support from the irish nationalists . a
| 482 |
[
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"act",
"procedure",
"by"
] | 3,983 |
series of meetings between the liberal government and conservative opposition members was agreed . twenty @ - @ one such meetings were held between 16 june and 10 november . the discussions considered a wide range of proposals , with initial agreement on finance bills and a joint sitting of the house of commons and lords as a means by which to enforce commons superiority in controversial areas ; the number of lords present would be limited such that a liberal majority of 50 or more in the house of commons could over ##ru ##le the lords . however , the issue of home rule for ireland was the main contention , with conservatives looking to exempt such a law from the parliament act procedure by
| 482 |
[
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"successor",
",",
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"v",
",",
"was",
"asked"
] | 3,984 |
means of a general exception for " constitutional " or " structural " bills . the liberals supported an exception for bills relating to the monarchy and protestant succession , but not home rule . discussions were declared failed on 10 november . the government threatened another dissolution if the parliament act were not passed , and followed through on their threat when opposition in the lords did not dim ##ini ##sh . the elections of december produced little change from january . the calling of a second dissolution of parliament now seems to have been contrary to the wishes of edward vii . edward had died in may 1910 while the crisis was still in progress . his successor , george v , was asked
| 484 |
[
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",",
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"abs",
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".",
"="
] | 3,985 |
if he would be prepared to create sufficient peers , which he would only if the matter arose . this would have meant creating over 400 new liberal peers . the king did , however , demand that it would have to be rejected at least once by the lords before his intervention . two amendments made by the lords were rejected and opposition showed little sign of slipping . this led as ##qui ##th to declare the king ' s intention to overcome the majority in the house of lords by creating sufficient new peers . it was passed in the lords by 131 votes to 114 votes , a majority of 17 . this reflected a large number of abs ##ten ##tions . =
| 456 |
[
"=",
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"\"",
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".",
"the",
"bill",
"was",
"also",
"an",
"attempt",
"to",
"place",
"the",
"relationship"
] | 3,986 |
= provisions = = the pre ##am ##ble included the words " it is intended to substitute for the house of lords as it at present exists a second chamber constituted on a popular instead of hereditary basis , but such substitution cannot be immediately brought into operation " at the request of prominent cabinet member sir edward grey . the long title of the act was " an act to make provision with respect to the powers of the house of lords in relation to those of the house of commons , and to limit the duration of parliament . " section 8 defined the short title as the " parliament act 1911 " . the bill was also an attempt to place the relationship
| 484 |
[
"between",
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"house",
"of",
"commons",
"and",
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"of",
"lords",
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",",
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"it",
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"these",
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",",
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"the",
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",",
"or",
"on",
"money"
] | 3,987 |
between the house of commons and house of lords on a new footing . as well as the direct issue of money bills , it set new conventions about how the power the lords continued to hold would be used . it did not change the composition of the lords , however . the lords would only be able to delay money bills for one month , effectively ending their ability to do so . these were defined as any public bill which contained only provisions dealing with the imp ##osition , repeal , re ##mission , alteration , or regulation of taxation ; the imp ##osition for the payment of debt or other financial purposes of charges on the consolidated fund , or on money
| 456 |
[
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",",
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",",
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"charge",
"(",
"\""
] | 3,988 |
provided by parliament , or the variation or repeal of any such charges ; supply ; the app ##ropriation , receipt , custody , issue or audit of accounts of public money ; and the raising or guarantee of any loan or the repay ##ment thereof . it did not however , cover any sort of local taxes or similar measures . some finance bills have not fallen within this criterion ; consolidated fund and app ##ropriation bills have . the speaker of the house of commons would have to ce ##rti ##fy that a bill was a money bill , end ##ors ##ing it with a speaker ' s certificate . the local government finance bill 1988 , which introduced the community charge ( "
| 482 |
[
"poll",
"tax",
"\"",
")",
",",
"was",
"not",
"certified",
"as",
"a",
"money",
"bill",
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",",
"they",
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"for",
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"@",
"-",
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",",
"which",
"could",
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"an",
"effective",
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"prevent",
"it",
"being",
"passed"
] | 3,989 |
poll tax " ) , was not certified as a money bill and was therefore considered by the lords . whilst finance bills are not considered money bills , convention di ##cta ##tes that those parts of a finance bill dealing with taxation or expenditure ( which , if in an act alone , would constitute a money bill ) are not questioned . other public bills could no longer be veto ##ed ; instead , they could be delayed for up to two years . this two @ - @ year period meant that legislation introduced in the fourth or fifth years of a parliament could be delayed until after the next election , which could prove an effective measure to prevent it being passed
| 482 |
[
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"the"
] | 3,990 |
. specifically , two years had to el ##ap ##se between the second reading in the house of commons in the first session and the passing of the bill in the house of commons in the third session . the speaker has to also ce ##rti ##fy that the conditions of the bill had been complied with . significant restrictions on amendments are made to ensure that it is the same bill that has been rejected twice . the 1911 act made clear that the life of a parliament could not be extended without the consent of the lords . parliament had been limited to a maximum of seven years under the sept ##ennial act 1715 , but this was reduced by the passing of the
| 484 |
[
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"and",
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"general",
"election",
"was",
"not",
"held",
"until",
"1"
] | 3,991 |
parliament act 1911 . parliament would now be limited to five years , beginning the first meeting of parliament after the election . in practice , no election has been forced by such a limitation as all parliament ##s have been dissolved by the monarch on request of the prime minister . it should be noted , however , that the five @ - @ year maximum duration referred to the lifetime of the parliament , and not to the interval between general elections . for example , the 2010 general election was held five years and one day after the 2005 general election , whilst the 1992 general election was held on 9 april 1992 and the next general election was not held until 1
| 484 |
[
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","
] | 3,992 |
may 1997 . the reduction in parliament length was seen as a counter ##balance to the new powers granted to the commons . the lords continued to suggest amendments to money bills over which it had no right of veto and in several instances these were accepted by the commons . these included the china ind ##em ##nity bill 1925 and the ins ##hore fishing industry bill 1947 . the use of the lords ' now temporary veto remains a powerful check on legislation . it was used in relation to the government of ireland act 1914 , which had been under the threat of a lords veto , now removed . ulster protestants had been firmly against the passing of the bill . however ,
| 482 |
[
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",",
"and"
] | 3,993 |
it never came into force because of the outbreak of the first world war . amendments to the parliament act 1911 were made to pro ##long the life of the 1910 parliament following the outbreak of the first world war and 1935 parliament because of the second world war . these made special exemption ##s to the requirement to hold an election every five years . legislation passed through the parliament act , without the consent of the lords , is still considered primary legislation . the importance of this was highlighted jackson v attorney general , where the legal ##ity of the parliament act 1949 was questioned . the challenge asserted foremost that the 1949 act was delegate ##d rather than primary legislation , and
| 484 |
[
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"act",
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",",
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] | 3,994 |
that the 1911 act had delegate ##d power to the commons . if this were the case , then the commons could not em ##power itself through the 1949 act without direct permission from the lords . since it was passed under the 1911 act , it had never received the required consent of the lords . however , the 1949 act was found to be legal . the 1911 act , it was concluded , was not primarily about em ##powering the commons , but rather to restrict the ability of the lords to affect legislation . this ruling also means that efforts to ab ##olis ##h the house of lords ( a major constitutional change ) using the act could be successful , although
| 456 |
[
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] | 3,995 |
the issue was not directly addressed in the ruling . the parliament act 1911 can be seen in the context of the british constitution : rather than creating a written constitution , parliament chose instead to leg ##is ##late through the usual channels in response to the crisis . this was a pr ##ag ##matic response , which avoided the further problems of cod ##ifying un ##written rules and rec ##ons ##tructing the entire government . it is commonly considered a statute of " constitutional importance " , which gives it informal priority in parliament and in the courts with regards to whether later legislation can change it and the process by which this may happen . it is also mentioned in discussion of constitutional convention
| 484 |
[
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",",
"and",
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"second",
"in",
"the"
] | 3,996 |
. whilst it replaced conventions regarding the role of the house of lords , it also relies on several others . section 1 ( 1 ) only makes sense if money bills do not arise in the house of lords and the provisions in section 2 ( 1 ) only if proceedings on a public bill are completed in a single session , otherwise they must fail and be put through procedure again . = hi ##bis ##cus ( restaurant ) = hi ##bis ##cus is a london restaurant owned and run by french chef claude bo ##si . it was opened in 2000 in lu ##dlow , shropshire , and won its first michel ##in star within a year , and a second in the
| 111 |
[
"2004",
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"best",
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] | 3,997 |
2004 guide . in july 2006 , bo ##si and his wife claire announced that they were to sell the location in lu ##dlow and move closer to london . the property was sold to alan mu ##rch ##ison , and bo ##si purchased a new site on maddox street in london . bo ##si uses molecular gas ##tron ##omy to create some items on the menu in an effort to enhance their flavour ##s , such as freeze @ - @ drying cabbage to create a pure ##e . the restaurant has received mixed reviews from critics , but has been listed in the world ' s 50 best restaurants since 2010 , and was named by ego ##n ron ##ay as the best restaurant
| 111 |
[
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"and",
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] | 3,998 |
in the uk in 2005 . the good food guide ranked hi ##bis ##cus as the eighth @ - @ best restaurant in the uk in the 2013 edition . it has also been awarded five aa rose ##ttes . in 2011 , bo ##si started a new venture , the fox & grapes in wimbledon . this new gas ##tro ##pu ##b operates under the same philosophy as hi ##bis ##cus , and is a collaboration with brother cedric and former sous chef at hi ##bis ##cus , patrick lean ##o . claude bo ##si and his wife claire opened hi ##bis ##cus in lu ##dlow , shropshire , in 2000 . the location had a 36 @ - @ seat capacity , and was
| 53 |
[
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"##lynn",
"pu",
"##rne"
] | 3,999 |
previously occupied by a three aa rose ##tte restaurant called the oaks . bo ##si had previously been head chef and won a michel ##in star at the over ##ton grange restaurant , just outside the town . he had intended to open a restaurant in warwickshire , but found the premises too expensive and purchased a 25 @ - @ year lease on the former oaks property in lu ##dlow for £ 40 @ , @ 000 . within a year hi ##bis ##cus won its first michel ##in star , and at the same time over ##ton grange was down ##grade ##d before going in to receivers ##hip . working under bo ##si at hi ##bis ##cus was sous chef g ##lynn pu ##rne
| 111 |
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