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10.1108/01443579810225531
<jats:p>Process re‐engineering, a recently popularised phenomenon, has been advocated as a change management strategy that can be used to refocus organisational tasks into processes so that dramatic performance improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance such as cost, quality service, and speed can be achieved. This paper suggests that before an organisation can re‐engineer its processes they must first be engineered. Inherent within the philosophy of total quality management (TQM) is the notion of being process oriented. This paper argues that a process should be engineered by utilising the philosophical foundations of TQM. Furthermore, both the technical and social inputs of a process must be designed simultaneously and be performed congruently. When engineered processes are no longer considered to be effective and efficient, and dramatic performance improvements are sought, then they should be re‐engineered, specifically encouraging breakthrough performance improvements and innovative ways of working and delivering products or services.</jats:p>
Putting an engine into re‐engineering: toward a process‐oriented organisation
[ "Love P.E.D. ", "Gunasekaran A. ", "Li H. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579810225531
2,002
July
10.1108/01443579810225577
<jats:p>The future trends with respect to globalisation, customer orientation, process orientation, and high productivity have led to increased focus on productivity and enterprise competitiveness. In order to improve competitiveness, it is necessary to measure performance. The classical approach to this is to apply the Sink and Tuttle model describing seven performance criteria. A more modern approach has been advised by the TOPP program. TOPP measures performance along three dimensions: efficiency, effectiveness and adaptability. TOPP uses questionnaires to collect data. Another approach is applied in the EU ENAPS project where the goal is to build a European benchmarking database. ENAPS provides a set of tools to a number of agents actually doing the benchmarks. Performance measurement requires an enterprise model. The EU FOF project developed such a model. This was further developed by TOPP and then further refined in ENAPS.</jats:p>
Enterprise performance measurement
[ "Rolstadås Asbjørn " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579810225577
2,002
July
10.1108/01443579910244241
<jats:p>One strategy that has been used extensively to cut operation costs is downsizing, a planned reduction in a firm’s work force. Downsizing must be based on a thorough analysis of the firm’s prioritized opportunities and their limited economic resources to achieve them. Some operations research techniques have appeared in the literature as practical aids in downsizing methodology. The purpose and significance of the research in this paper is to: provide the first demonstration of how a prioritized multi‐objective programming‐oriented methodology (i.e. goal programming) can be used for planning the downsizing of production/operations resources; and demonstrate a new methodological approach that can be used to determine previously hidden goals in a manufacturing linear programming model of the downsizing problem. Based on a problem reported in the literature, this paper will illustrate how an optimal allocation of production resources can be achieved while providing useful information in which to ensure other prioritized goals and their economic tradeoffs are considered in the downsizing analysis.</jats:p>
Downsizing production/operations with multi‐objective programming
[ "Schniederjans Marc J. ", "Hoffman James J. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579910244241
2,002
July
10.1108/01443579910247419
<jats:p>Examines the changing nature of the production manager’s job. To assess the current position, a survey was conducted on a sample of 600 production/operations managers in Australia. The results of the study indicate that there have been significant improvements in the production manager’s job. The study found that Australian production managers are well qualified, highly</jats:p>
Changes in the production manager’s job: past, present and future trends
[ "D’Netto Brian ", "Sohal Amrik S. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579910247419
2,002
July
10.1108/01443579910249741
<jats:p>In this empirical study of 382 US computer and electronics companies, the relationship between manufacturing flexibility and its five infrastructural scales was examined. These infrastructural scales include workforce autonomy, communication, inter‐departmental relationships, supplier flexibility and technology. The results suggested that all infrastructural scales, except workforce autonomy, have a direct and positive effect on a firm’s manufacturing flexibility. Discussion and managerial implications of the results were also presented in this paper.</jats:p>
Critical factors for achieving manufacturing flexibility
[ "Lau R.S.M. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579910249741
2,002
July
10.1108/01443579910287055
<jats:p>The importance of responding to time‐based competitive pressures has prompted US manufacturers to emphasize time‐based performance and deploy strategic action programs aimed at cycle time reduction. This study examines time‐based competition among first tier suppliers to the Big Three in North America. A comprehensive set of time‐based performance measures is defined and time‐related action programs associated with world class manufacturing strategies are identified. Relationships between time‐related action programs, time‐based performance, and overall firm performance are examined. The study shows that time‐based performance significantly affects overall firm performance and that manufacturing lead time is especially critical in the automotive industry. The study also identifies strategic action programs that result in improved performance on various dimensions of time‐based performance.</jats:p>
An empirical study of time‐based competition in the North American automotive supplier industry
[ "Jayaram Jayanth ", "Vickery Shawnee K. ", "Droge Cornelia " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579910287055
2,002
July
10.1108/01443579910291078
<jats:p>In this paper, a preliminary framework for the assessment of change management is developed, based on recent research and case interviews at three consulting companies. The framework distinguishes between efficiency and effectiveness measurements on change management, and evaluates the management methods and outcomes of the change projects separately. The framework is applied to analyze and compare the change projects in three Finnish manufacturing companies. The results indicate that the preliminary framework can explain the difference between successful and less successful change management in manufacturing processes. By applying the measurement framework in practice, organizations can continuously improve their change management capabilities. More empirical research is needed to test the framework further.</jats:p>
Measuring change project management in manufacturing
[ "Taskinen Tapani ", "Smeds Riitta " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579910291078
2,002
July
10.1108/01443579910291087
<jats:p>The key issue of continuous improvement (CI) seems to be the problem of combining extensive employee involvement with market orientation and continuation of CI. In this article we review some existing organisational designs for CI on these three essential characteristics of CI. As an alternative to the shortcomings of current organisational designs for CI we present the mini‐company concept, related to the sociotechnical concept of the self‐managing team. The mini‐company concept incorporates the three key issues: it has a self‐propelling capacity for CI, involving everyone on the shop floor. A constant and market‐oriented source for improvement is found in the clients and suppliers of the mini‐company. Results of an in‐depth case‐study are presented, showing some strong effects of the mini‐company concept.</jats:p>
Continuous improvement and the mini‐company concept
[ "de Leede Jan ", "Kees Looise Jan " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579910291087
2,002
July
10.1108/01443580010342393
<jats:p>Investigates the economic methodologies of Carl Menger, William Stanley Jevons and Gustav Schmoller with respect to the issue of whether mathematics is or is not an adequate language to express economic relationships. First, Menger’s and Jevons’s respective methodologies are identified as Aristotelian which means, inter alia, that economic properties are real, are naturally related to each other, exist as part of the observable world and can be separated (in thought or otherwise) from other properties. Second, it is shown how this general Aristotelian outlook has very different implications for Menger’s and Jevons’s thinking about mathematics. Third, these two “monogenetic” views are contrasted with Gustav Schmoller’s “polygenetic” approach which holds that a purely deductive economics, based on a small number of self‐evident principles, is inadequate for social purposes.</jats:p>
Mathematics in economics: Schmoller, Menger and Jevons
[ "Reiss Julian " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443580010342393
2,002
July
10.1108/01443580010372796
<jats:p>Provides a comment on Reiss’ “Mathematics in economics: Schmoller, Menger and Jevons”.</jats:p>
Comment on “Mathematics in economics: Schmoller, Menger and Jevons” by Julian Reiss
[ "Hansen Reginald " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443580010372796
2,002
July
10.1108/01443580210433570
<jats:p>This paper examines the performance of nominal income targeting as a possible direction for monetary policy. The existing literature consists of historical counterfactual simulations to determine how economic performance might have differed if this policy had been adopted. To provide better assessment of the performance of nominal income targeting in practice, this paper focuses on Germany where this policy is implemented. The results highlight the importance of price stability in the design of German monetary policy. Furthermore, causality test results indicate a causal flow from money to nominal income. However, there is no evidence of a causal flow from nominal income to various definitions of money. These results confirm the Bundesbank’s claim that monetary growth runs ahead of fluctuations in nominal income in Germany. That is, the Bundesbank is able to target nominal income by using a monetary aggregate. These findings challenge the skepticism regarding the use of a monetary aggregate as the intermediate target, which has arisen mainly from the US experience.</jats:p>
On the performance and practicality of nominal GDP targeting in Germany
[ "Domac Ilker ", "Kandil Magda " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443580210433570
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589410071454
<jats:p>While there is strong consensus at the conceptual level about sustainable development there are few formal models that outline the conditions for environmentally steady and sustainable growth in a decentralized market economy. Addresses this issue by building a Green GNP model and then deriving a single long‐run condition for environmentally steady and sustainable growth. Examines the relationship between industrial affluence and environmental decay. If industrial affluence comes from the lower elasticity of substitution among goods, it does not necessarily cause environmental decay. Finding that substitutability still plays an important role in environmentally steady and sustainable growth and concludes that public policy makers should pay more attention to the relationship between substitutability among goods and environmental sustainability.</jats:p>
A Green GNP Model and Sustainable Growth
[ "Choi Yong‐Yil " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589410071454
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589510076070
<jats:p>Discusses the economic contributions of George Barclay Richardson. Detailing the Austrian and Marshallian aspects of his work, argues that all his contributions – on industrial organization, welfare economics, history of thought, etc. – are united in their concern with the co‐ordination problem, that is, the problem of theoretically demonstrating how order may be achieved in decentralized market economies. Furthermore, argues that Richardson′s work from 1953 to 1972 in the answers it gave to this problem anticipated a number of themes that have only recently acquired prominence in economic theory, specifically in neo‐institutionalist thought. The pioneering originality of his work also partly accounts for the relative neglect with which it was originally received.</jats:p>
The economic thought of an Austrian Marshallian George Barclay Richardson
[ "Juul Foss Nicolai " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589510076070
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589510086961
<jats:p>Analyses the influence of export share and domestic content policies on the level of capital investment undertaken by a multinational firm both in its home country and in the foreign country in which it operates. These protective policies, in force in both developing and industrialized countries, require the firm to employ a certain proportion of inputs from the foreign country in which it operates and to export a certain proportion of its output abroad. Cases examined in the analysis include those for which the firm faces uncertainty in the production process in the host and home countries; and in neither country. Finds that both of these policies can have spillover effects to the home country as well, i.e. when there is uncertainty in production in the home country, these policies can reduce the optimal level of investment in the home country, too.</jats:p>
Export‐share requirements, content protection and the multinational firm under production uncertainty
[ "Ka‐Yiu Fung Michael ", "Flacco Paul R. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589510086961
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589510099039
<jats:p>Analyses smuggling through legal entry points in the context of a Ricardo‐Viner (RV) economy. Posits that smuggling will improve welfare if the benefits of a reduced domestic price distortion exceed the resource cost of smuggling. Strengthening of anti‐smuggling activity need not improve welfare if it induces the devotion of additional resources to activities designed to reduce detection.</jats:p>
Smuggling and welfare in a Ricardo‐Viner economy
[ "Lovely Mary E. ", "Nelson Douglas " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589510099039
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589610149889
<jats:p>Outlines a method for controlling for compositional factors in the measurement of poverty. Bases the method on “shift‐share analysis” and “direct standardization”, consistent with Sen’s (1976) influential axiomatic approach to poverty measurement. Employs the popular poverty index proposed by Foster <jats:italic>et al</jats:italic>. (1984), which is one of the few summary poverty measures that can be directly standardized and also meets Sen’s criteria. The method is illustrated by examining the trend in absolute and relative poverty in the UK. Uses data from the “Family Expenditure Survey”, covering the period 1968 to 1986, and places specific empirical focus on the relationship between household structure and poverty.</jats:p>
Standardized poverty measurement
[ "Wright Robert E. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589610149889
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589610149898
<jats:p>Attempts to incorporate the “new forms” of foreign investment into a unified model. Uses this simple model to show how differences in production environment in particular, are likely to affect both the timing and mode(s) that any foreign investment is likely to take. The explanatory variables in this model are the relative efficiency gap and variable cost differential between producing at home or in a less developed country; which includes those related to the differences in the production environment. Considers foreign direct investment, joint venture, as well as licensing.</jats:p>
Foreign investment location in less developed countries: a theoretical framework
[ "Jalilian H. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589610149898
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589610154072
<jats:p>States that the Stackelberg leadership model is rarely used to describe market price determination perhaps because of the lack of a theoretical basis for selecting the minimum size necessary for leadership. Provides structural sufficiency conditions for selecting a unique Stackelberg leader based on the concept of Pareto dominance, in which the structural criterion involves the relative capacity shares of the first and second largest market rivals. Suggests that the Stackelberg price game is a viable static equilibrium construct even though the fringe firms are not atomistic. Applies the Stackelberg model to antitrust merger analysis.</jats:p>
An economic theory of leader choice in Stackelberg models
[ "Higgins Richard S. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589610154072
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589610154081
<jats:p>Solves von Stackelberg equilibria in a Bertrand‐Edgeworth duopoly game. Shows that, initially, the environment is characterized by efficient rationing and capacity constraints. Since interest lies in sustaining monopoly outcomes from non‐co‐operative behaviour, introduces the buyout option, where rivals can absorb one another’s output before any consumer. Reveals that the outcomes change drastically in that players together are able to reach the monopoly profits.</jats:p>
von Stackelberg’s equilibria for Bertrand‐Edgeworth duopoly with buyouts
[ "Van Cayseele Patrick ", "Furth Dave " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589610154081
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589610154108
<jats:p>Provides an overview of the evolution of Spanish economic policy throughout the nineteenth century and considers the economic thought of the Spanish professor of this time. Discusses the work of Heinrich von Stackelberg while he was based in Spain from 1943. Suggests that Stackelberg’s ideas were key to the quantum leap in Spanish economic policy, abandoning utilitarian historicism which had permeated it up to then.</jats:p>
Stackelberg and his role in the change in Spanish economic policy
[ "Velarde Fuertes Juan " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589610154108
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589610154117
<jats:p>Reports that, in 1943, Heinrich Freiherr von Stackelberg (1905‐1946) discussed with an informal group meeting in Freiburg (Breisgau ‐ Germany) “Limits and possibilities of economic planning”. Explains that the group called after its chairman “von Beckerath Circle” met to discuss problems of demobilization and the post‐Second World War economic order in Germany. States that Stackelberg’s lecture was found among his manuscripts and published after his death. Notes that Stackelberg is generally considered for his contributions to economic theory; little is known about his views on economic policy. Argues that his views on theory and policy were closely linked, however. Gives a concise statement of Stackelberg’s view on the post‐Second World War economic order in Germany. Points out that he argues strongly against (central) planning of the economic process, makes the important <jats:italic>ORDO</jats:italic> distinction between economic policy instruments compatible and incompatible with a market economy, but he is not a pro‐market economist of the anti‐state type. Explains that the state is assigned a wide range of policy options (in terms of policy instruments compatible with the market economy), ranging from specific forms of price intervention to income policies and extensive forms of taxation.</jats:p>
Stackelberg’s concept of the post‐war economic order
[ "Backhaus Jürgen G. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589610154117
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589710188975
<jats:p>Analyses and checks the annual forecasts produced each autumn from four prominent UK economic modelling organizations. Compares these forecasts with those of three Bayesian vector‐autoregressive models. Examines the accuracy for each set of forecasts up to four years ahead and for different horizons. Examines the direction of the forecasts and the effect of forming simple combinations of the different forecasts. Finds evidence that while the BVAR forecasts are inferior to those from the economic models, they contain information which could be used in order to improve the other forecasts.</jats:p>
A comparison of forecasts from UK economic models and some Bayesian vector autoregressive models
[ "Holden Ken " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589710188975
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589810195598
<jats:p>Responds to George Tavlas’ comments in “More on the Chicago tradition”, in this issue, and once again assesses the contribution of individuals to “the Chicago tradition” of the 1930s.</jats:p>
Hawtrey, Harvard and Chicago: a final comment
[ "Laidler David " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589810195598
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589810220049
<jats:p>The objective of this study is to propose an economic model of the nominal money balances and reserves in the Turkish economy during the period 1960‐1988. As most of the variables show unit root non‐stationarity, an approach based on the error correction system (Phillips, 1991) is adopted. The estimated parameters of the long‐run money balance relationship based on this error correction system are very close to the Johansen‐Juselius (1990) vector autoregressive modelling approach. An error correction system and the vector autoregressive modelling approaches are alternative representations of the cointegrated systems. This study empirically demonstrates the closeness of the two systems using the data from the Turkish monetary sector. The econometric estimates of the elasticities are plausible. In small samples, both approaches may not yield almost identical estimates since the theory underlying these approaches is asymptotic.</jats:p>
An error correction approach to modelling money balances and reserves
[ "Civcir I. ", "Parikh A. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589810220049
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589810233865
<jats:p>This paper tests the extended tax‐smoothing model for a sample of 32 developing countries. Importantly, the testable implications employed relax the assumption of constant money velocity. Although seigniorage is an important source of revenue in developing countries, all the evidence indicates that the principles of optimal taxation have not been used when developing countries raise revenue from inflation.</jats:p>
Seigniorage and tax smoothing in developing countries
[ "Ashworth John ", "Evans Lynne " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589810233865
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589810233874
<jats:p>This paper reviews one of the crucial issues in the recent growth literature concerning the hypothesis of cross country convergence of levels and growth rates of income per capita implied by the neo‐classical growth model, both in the Solow‐Swan and Rampsey‐Cass‐Koopmans versions. The alternative endogenous growth models, consistent with permanent income inequality, are considered. Convergence to a common income level versus divergence is discussed from a theoretical point of view. Then, empirical tests of the convergence property are presented. What emerges is that Barro type regressions and their findings about “conditional” convergence are questionable and cannot be used to give a definitive response on this issue.</jats:p>
Convergence in recent growth theories: a survey
[ "Capolupo Rosa " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589810233874
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589810368163
<jats:p>Offers a response to David Laidler’s article “More on Hawtrey, Harvard and Chicago”, in this issue. Asserts that the unique Chicagoan quantity‐theory of the early 1930s embodied a policy framework which left it immune from the Keynesian revolution and contained important linkages with Friedman’s views in its business‐cycle analysis and policy positions. Claims that this tradition explains why Chicago (and not Harvard) originated the monetarist counter‐revolution.</jats:p>
More on the Chicago tradition
[ "Tavlas George S. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589810368163
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589910252566
<jats:p>The purpose of the present study is to test the hypothesis alluded to by Tullock, within the context of defensive rent‐seeking efforts developed by others (e.g. McChesney). Here, we test the idea that defensive rent seeking efforts (or rent‐defending) to maintain the status quo augment offensive rent‐seeking (all proxied by real campaign contributions to US House/Senate candidates, 1976‐1992) during federal budgetary climates of deficit‐cutting (budget‐balancing). When a panel estimator is properly used, our econometric evidence confirms our hypothesis. Evidence from a Parks regression technique suggests that total rent‐seeking is positively related to the amount of federal spending, as others have shown, but that rent‐seeking efforts increase when federal budget deficits are reduced, threatening existing spending patterns and rents. Perhaps an unintended consequence of deficit‐reduction efforts, holding government spending constant, is an increase in the size of the rent‐seeking industry.</jats:p>
Maintaining the status quo: federal government budget deficits and defensive rent‐seeking
[ "Mixon Franklin G. ", "Wilkinson James B. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589910252566
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589910284390
<jats:p>In this paper we test a general equilibrium model of the size and growth of government developed by Dao and Esfahani (1995) using OECD cross‐sectional and US time‐series data. The model is based on the assumption that various socioeconomic groups try to redistribute income in their favor. Results of the tests are consistent with the theoretical explanations implied by the model. They show that the recent growth of government may be explained by the increase in the role of human capital as a factor of production, by the rise in the proportion of the elderly population, and by the reductions in the relative value of nonmarket uses of labor brought about by increased specialization and population pressure.</jats:p>
Tests of a competitive model of the size and growth of government
[ "Quang Dao Minh ", "Esfahani Hadi S. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589910284390
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589910284417
<jats:p>India embarked on economic reforms in July 1991, in the wake of a balance of payments crisis. In this article, an attempt is made to review two books and a set of World Bank reports concerning the progress of these reforms. Issues concerning economic policy, impact of the reforms on poverty, sectoral issues relating to agriculture, industry and infrastructure are briefly discussed. As reforms enter a more difficult phase, several challenges remain. Some of these fall under the “economic agenda” of measures needed to maintain economic growth; others can be termed the “development agenda” – of improving human development. Progress with regard to the former is not sufficient to produce results concerning the latter.</jats:p>
India’s economic policy reforms: a review
[ "Bhayankaram Anand Prathivadi " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589910284417
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589910284912
<jats:p>This essay offers a review of von Mises’ classic Nation, State and Economy(1919). It focuses specifically on the contexts of liberty, the issue of language and nation.</jats:p>
Nation, State and Economy: Mises’ contribution
[ "Yeager Leland B. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589910284912
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589910287090
<jats:p>Latvia, a small country on the Baltic Sea, became independent in 1918, but was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940. Like its neighbours, Estonia and Lithuania, Latvia has a skewed resource pattern, small domestic market, and an export concentration into commodities. Prior to the Soviet occupation, these three countries never managed to form an economic union to overcome the disadvantages of the small size of the domestic markets in the era of assembly line technology. They practiced “Alleingang” in economic and political matters. After gaining independence in 1991, the Baltic countries learned nothing from the past and have continued practicing “Alleingang” in the age of “high tech”.</jats:p>
Old lessons not learned: the clash of political and economic nationalism in Latvia
[ "Balabkins Nicholas W. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589910287090
2,002
July
10.1108/01443589910302083
<jats:p>Reproduces the main texts of hitherto unpublished reminiscences of the style and influence, as a teacher, of Allyn Abbott Young (1876‐1929) by 17 of his distinguished students. They include Bertil Ohlin, Nicholas Kaldor, James Angell, Lauchlin Currie, Colin Clark, Howard Ellis, Frank Fetter, Earl Hamilton, and Melvin Knight (brother of Frank Knight who, with Edward Chamberlin, was perhaps Young’s most famous PhD student). There has recently been a revival of interest in Young’s influence on US monetary thought and in his theory of economic growth based on endogenous increasing returns. These recollections of his students (addressed to Young’s biographer, Charles Blitch) shed light on why Young has, at least until recently, been renowned more for his massive erudition than for his published writings.</jats:p>
New evidence on Allyn Young’s style and influence as a teacher
[ "Sandilands Roger J. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589910302083
2,002
July
10.1108/01445150210423161
<jats:p>A report of the 2001 Manufacturing Week exhibition held at the NEC in Birmingham, highlighting some of the exhibits of assembly equipment manufacturers. Amongst the larger companies in focus are the Swiss company, Mikron and Rexroth Bosch, the new amalgamation following the sale of Rexroth's original corporate owner, Mannesmann. Rexroth Bosch showed a new compact Scara robot and flexible link conveyor, while Mikron emphasised its product evolution in the high volume, flexible assembly field and its partnership philosophy. There is a description of two Mikron installations in the telecoms and medical industries. Other contents include two rotary indexing machine suppliers and a special purpose equipment manufacturer who exhibited a machine assembling water filter cartridges.</jats:p>
A strong showing for assembly as manufacturing week bows out
[ "Rooks Brian " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01445150210423161
2,002
July
10.1108/01445150210423170
<jats:p>Describes the benefits of close man‐robot cooperation within a single production cell. A vision system ensures the safety of the human while enabling high levels of productivity.</jats:p>
Man‐robot cooperation in a flexible assembly cell
[ "Dieter Schraft Rolf ", "Schmid Stefan ", "Thiemermann Stefan " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01445150210423170
2,002
July
10.1108/01445150210423198
<jats:p>Localization accuracy is a key concern in the design of a fixture to specify a locating scheme and tolerance allocation. This paper presents an analysis describing the impact of localization source errors on the potential datum‐related geometric errors of machined features. The analysis reveals the error sensitivity and error characteristics of critical points of multiple manufacturing features. It shows the importance to consider the overall error among the multiple critical points in fixture layout design. This paper also suggests an optimal approach to the locator configuration design for reducing geometric variations at the critical points of machined features.</jats:p>
Tolerance analysis for fixture layout design
[ "Yu Wang Michael " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01445150210423198
2,002
July
10.1108/01604950010326760
<jats:p>This paper discusses the problems of managing an acquisition windfall in a Nigerian university library after over a decade of acquisition drought brought about as a result of a serious downturn in the economy. The windfall, which came in the form of a World Bank $120 million facility to 20 federally owned Nigerian universities for the purchase of books, journals, library and laboratory equipment as well as staff training and expatriate supplementation, drastically changed acquisition patterns and rates in the affected university libraries. The responses by the library of the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, to the challenges of involving the faculty in the book selection processes, ensuring balance, processing the orders and receiving the materials into the library are highlighted. Post World Bank faculty prospects of Nigerian university libraries are also explored.</jats:p>
Managing an acquisition windfall: a Nigerian university library experience
[ "Agboola A.T. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01604950010326760
2,002
July
10.1108/01604950210414670
<jats:p>Southeast Missouri is prosperous today as a rich, agricultural center partly because of the Little River Drainage District (LRDD), the body responsible for digging the levees, channels, and canals during the early twentieth century that drained the swampland which covered much of Southeast Missouri. The LRDD collected all the records related to the engineering project and to various aspects of people’s lives during that time, including tax records, plats, maps, catalogs, field reports, etc., and asked Southeast Missouri State University’s Kent Library to house them. Because of space considerations, the collection has been placed at the Bootheel Center, in Malden, Missouri. This article gives a brief history of Southeast Missouri and the LRDD, describes the collection, and highlights why these papers are of fundamental importance to the citizens of Southeast Missouri.</jats:p>
The Little River Drainage District collection
[ "Pracht Carl ", "Banks Julie " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01604950210414670
2,002
July
10.1108/01604959610105913
<jats:p>Details the background of the development of an electronic collection for the Florida State University System (SUS). Finds that, a year after its creation, the Electronic Development Committee has still not yet managed to formulate a plan for managing the SUS’s electronic collection. Identifies issues which still need to be addressed.</jats:p>
Developing an electronic collection for the Florida State University System
[ "Dalehite Michele " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01604959610105913
2,002
July
10.1108/01604959610113888
<jats:p>Following the automation of the reserve system, Kent Library at Southeast Missouri State University decided to ascertain student use of the reserve collection via a survey. Reports the findings of that survey, which asked questions such as how students know items are on reserve, how they request items, whether the reserve printout is useful, and what action is taken if the material is already charged out. Raw data are presented, along with comments about answers to several of the questions, a discussion about three correlations, conclusions that can be drawn from the survey, and recommendations.</jats:p>
Student use of a reserve collection: a survey
[ "Banks Julie " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01604959610113888
2,002
July
10.1108/01604959610113897
<jats:p>Joan Grant discusses the Bobst Library’s approach to collection development including the selection of print resources, CD‐ROMs and electronic resources. Of particular interest are the faculty liaison programme and the cooperative collection development activities, as well as the integration of electronic resources into their collection development activities.</jats:p>
Interview with Joan Grant, Director of Collection Services, Bobst Library, New York University
[ "Cassell Kay Ann " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01604959610113897
2,002
July
10.1108/01604959610150067
<jats:p>Outlines briefly why travel books are so popular and states that libraries need to stock books from a number of series to meet the needs of their clientele. Provides brief descriptions of ten series, concentrating on those books aimed at travelers on low and moderate budgets. Lists also a number of books for travelers from groups with special needs or interests.</jats:p>
On the road to a better travel collection: a guide through the maze of travel literature
[ "Pracht Carl " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01604959610150067
2,002
July
10.1108/01604959710156934
<jats:p>Describes a political science collection assessment project accomplished at the Ganser Library of Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania. The assessment approach was holistic. Traditional list checking was combined with online checking of the circulation records of core titles, thus presenting a profile of student behavior and circulation statistics of core titles published during 1920‐1988. Emphasizes the advantages of assessment using the online catalog and circulation module, although the circulation picture was disappointing. Claims libraries cannot afford to be just warehouses. Librarians have to work aggressively with faculty to get the core titles used by students with current journal literature, thus advocating the American Library Association’s information literacy goal to prepare students for the twenty‐first century.</jats:p>
Collection assessment at the Ganser Library: a case study
[ "Lotlikar Sarojini D. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01604959710156934
2,002
July
10.1108/01604959710164368
<jats:p>Electronic resources are becoming increasingly important to libraries of all types and sizes. Addresses the development of an electronic information resources collection development policy to guide the librarians at Penn State Harrisburg in the selection of electronic reference resources. Instead of focusing on how well a given item fits into or supports the collection, the policy gives general guidance on the selection of electronic resources. The general collection development guidelines for electronic information resources include relevance and potential use of the information, redundancy of the information contained in the product, demand for the information, ease of use of the product, availability of the information to multiple users, stability of the coverage of the resource, longevity of the information, cost of the product, predictability of pricing, equipment needed to provide access to the information, technical support, and availability of the physical space needed to house and store the information or equipment.</jats:p>
Developing an electronic information resources collection development policy
[ "White Gary W. ", "Crawford Gregory A. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01604959710164368
2,002
July
10.1108/01604959710172396
<jats:p>Provides a brief historical background on why libraries are relevant to Maori. Discusses some of the factors and issues relating to developing Maori collections. Profiles a selection of libraries with Maori collections.</jats:p>
Maori collections in New Zealand libraries
[ "Szekely Chris ", "Weatherall Sally " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01604959710172396
2,002
July
10.1108/01604959710187679
<jats:p>States that the recent phenomenon of “total outsourcing”, exemplified by the 1996 contract between the Hawaii State Public Library System and Baker &amp; Taylor, must be seen as unprecedented and worthy of strict scrutiny by the library profession. Gives background on the move toward adding materials selection to the services provided to libraries by vendors. Makes a plea for library administrators to exercise caution and independent professional judgment in dealing with vendors. Argues that outsourcing is not a “quick fix” for financial cutbacks. Those entrusted with the leadership of tax‐funded libraries must ensure that methods of materials selection fulfill the public service mission and overall collection development strategy of their institutions. It is time to raise these questions: Is materials selection a “core function” of public libraries? Are librarians being trained to have expertise in this function? What are the implications of ceding this function to outside, for‐profit agencies?</jats:p>
Outsourcing book selection in public and school libraries
[ "Wallace Patricia D. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01604959710187679
2,002
July
10.1108/01604959810238293
<jats:p>Argues that the hybrid nature of collection development (electronic and print) requires a corresponding hybridised system of collection exploitation. Proposes a model for the exploitation of hybrid cultural collections that draws on ethnographic principles. Provides an example of this model ‐ a “cultural map” ‐ that enables librarians, users and researchers to make sense of the complex interactions that take place between the various elements of such hybrid collections.</jats:p>
The librarian as ethnographer: notes towards a strategy for the exploitation of cultural collections
[ "Atton Chris " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01604959810238293
2,002
July
10.1108/01604959810238329
<jats:p>Provides some guidance on building a collection on Chinese organized crime ‐ first a definition of it and then details of some of the resources which could be included in a collection in the areas of: primary texts, general works, encyclopaedias and dictionaries, films, newspapers, periodicals and Web sites.</jats:p>
Chinese organized crime: a pathfinder
[ "Lee Winnie " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01604959810238329
2,002
July
10.1108/01604959810368965
<jats:p>Bibliographic citation analysis of student research papers is one method of evaluating the use of a journal collection. Journal selection and cancellation may be done on the basis of use and cost‐effectiveness to maximize the usefulness of materials purchased with the library budget. An analysis of the bibliographic citations of research papers by undergraduate and graduate students in the psychology department of St Mary’s University was used as one basis for psychology journal selection and deselection in the academic library. Findings confirmed that the most cost‐effective and the most used materials were usually held by the library. Titles that met these criteria and were not held are good candidates for new subscriptions. Likewise, the least cost‐effective and least‐used titles are candidates for cancellation. Convergence of data from other sources should be used to confirm citation analysis findings due to the inherent limitations of the method.</jats:p>
Citation analysis as an unobtrusive method for journal collection evaluation using psychology student research bibliographies
[ "Sylvia Margaret J. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01604959810368965
2,002
July
10.1108/01604959910256481
<jats:p>Commercial document supply and full‐text online databases play significant roles in the shift from “ownership” to “access”. The escalating costs of science and technology journals, budgetary constraints, and availability of sci‐tech literature via non‐traditional sources, such as commercial document supply and full‐text online databases, are reshaping academic libraries’ sci‐tech collections, as well as the modes of accessing and delivering scientific information. Examines the value and the effectiveness of commercial document supply services and full‐text online databases in accessing sci‐tech information and discusses the impacts of budgetary limits and technology on academic libraries acquiring sci‐tech literature.</jats:p>
Accessing sci‐tech literature: commercial document delivery services and online full‐text databases
[ "Bandyopadhyay Aditi " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01604959910256481
2,002
July
10.1108/01604959910281140
<jats:p>As Internet usage continues to grow, the desire of individuals to create Web sites has also increased. This has led to the publication of materials on the various uses of Web pages and how to develop them. This annotated bibliography is a sampling of items published concerning HTML and homepages. The audience ranges from educators to businessmen to individuals who want to create a homepage. Materials that were selected for inclusion are in both traditional paper formats and those available on the Web.</jats:p>
Creating homepages on the Web: an annotated bibliography of sources
[ "Hom Mee‐Len " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01604959910281140
2,002
July
10.1108/01604959910303307
<jats:p>In the words of Stanley Kunitz, poetry is not a single nation but a teeming nation of nations. With more than 1,300 new poetry titles to choose from each year, how can librarians make the best acquisitions for their communities? The following resource materials from Poets House – a 35,000‐volume poetry library and literary center – offer a starting point. Highlights a wide variety of selections from Poets House’s annual exhibit of all the year’s new poetry books. The Directory of American Poetry Books provides complete bibliographic information and capsule reviews for more than 7,000 books published since 1991. These materials were originally distributed at the 1999 American Library Association Conference, where Poets House exhibited the entire 1999 Showcase and presented poetry readings and a panel discussion entitled “Making poetry come alive in community libraries”.</jats:p>
1999 Poets House Showcase: suggested titles
[ "Coy Catherine ", "Ludwig Marni ", "Jueds Kasey " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/01604959910303307
2,002
July
10.1108/02602280210416141
<jats:p>This paper focuses on the design of an inexpensive and accurate range scanner for automatic acquisition of a CAD model of a manufactured part by using two‐dimensional images to determine a digitized three‐dimensional shape. In the developed approach, the object is passed at a speed of 4 cm/s through a single linear laser stripe and forty continuous images are captured into the frame memory of the host computer for subsequent processing. A major problem that is encountered in the design of laser stripe scanner is the specula reflection, which can be mitigated by the developed approach. Six center‐locating algorithms are described, which are central to the developed approach. These algorithms are able to achieve sub‐pixel accuracy. The center of mass algorithm that uses three points, gives the best repeatability over the other algorithms. The center of mass algorithm that uses intensity threshold, provides the best linearity over the other algorithms.</jats:p>
An imaging system with structured lighting for on‐line generic sensing of three‐dimensional objects
[ "Jonathan Wu Q.M. ", "Ricky Lee Min‐Fan ", "de Silva Clarence W. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02602280210416141
2,002
July
10.1108/02602280210421253
<jats:p>Reviews the two symposis making up the part of the 2001 Photonics Boston event – “Intelligent Systems and Advanced Manufacturing” and “Environmental and Industrial sensing”. The emphasis was on robots and on vision associated with mobile and/or autonomous robotic activity. Papers discussed include the FIDO Mars exploration robot. The symposium “Machine Vision and Three‐Dimensional Imaging Systems” is also discussed and included systems for inspecting asparagus, monochromatic Fresnel lens applications and fibre optic assembly.</jats:p>
Space and asparagus at photonics Boston 2001
[ "Braggins Don " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02602280210421253
2,002
July
10.1108/02621710010373278
<jats:p>Examines the issues involved in providing relevant cross‐cultural training to MBA students, the epitome of the “new” international manager. In particular, it addresses the pedagogical challenges of moving students away from a reliance on “hard” skills to a facility with “soft” skills.</jats:p>
International manager development – Cross‐cultural training in highly diverse environments
[ "Harris Hilary ", "Kumra Savita " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710010373278
2,002
July
10.1108/02621710010373287
<jats:p>Commences with an examination of SME research, traces how it has progressed over the past two decades and then focuses on the growing interest relating to the application of graduate skills. It primarily results from research carried out between 1996 and 1998, using a database of 206 graduates and 32 firms. The framework of knowledge associated with skills and competitiveness is explored, as is the issue of the categorisation of skills. Two categories are principally identified – personal and business – with listings introduced following a process of qualitative interviews with graduates and managers of SMEs. The lack of consensual paradigms in relation to skills is explored. It is argued that the resulting SME value chain is a valid alternative model with wider application among SME managers.</jats:p>
Evaluating graduate skills in SMEs: the value chain impact
[ "McLarty Roy " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710010373287
2,002
July
10.1108/02621710010373296
<jats:p>Initially examines the changing management culture in Germany. Second, it considers the management competencies required within the German organizational environment. Third, it reveals the main changes taking place in the competencies. Finally, it considers whether the changes in competencies are matching those in the culture.</jats:p>
Changes in management culture and competencies: the German experience
[ "Randlesome Collin " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710010373296
2,002
July
10.1108/02621710110365023
<jats:p>Current organizational theory looks at time on task, as opposed to time off task. However, there is a more complex pattern of time use. Organization time, based on these findings, is defined as whether one engages with organization, or disengages from organization, and engages with task, or disengages from task. This article explores the theoretical implications of these complex relationships, as the locus of an individual’s use of time moves along the axes of engagement/disengagement from organization and task. The author urges organizational theorists to explore and evaluate the importance of understanding time usage for a better understanding of phenomena such as organizational learning, creativity, and quality of work life. This model provides a framework for further investigation and theoretical understanding of time from the perspective of the individual as well as of the organization.</jats:p>
Time in organizations
[ "Goddard Robert " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710110365023
2,002
July
10.1108/02621710210430272
<jats:p>This study explored the measurement of emotional intelligence (EI) using a comprehensive scale to tap the construct. Using a sample of 295 undergraduate business majors from a mid‐western university, an exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the factor structure of the scale. Based on the factor loadings, the scale was reduced to 51 items with five factors emerging. Student demographics revealed that accounting majors rated lower on EI as compared to other majors. Results also indicated that higher EI scores were associated with membership in Greek organizations, and involvement in sports organizations. It was also found that international students rated lower on the EI measure as compared to domestic students. Finally, several of the factors within the scale were shown to have a relationship to both cumulative GPA and university‐specific GPA. Implications for these findings as they relate to management development are discussed.</jats:p>
An empirical evaluation of emotional intelligence
[ "Rozell Elizabeth J. ", "Pettijohn Charles E. ", "Stephen Parker R. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710210430272
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719410050273
<jats:p>Describes the practical problems that the director of human resources of the North American subsidiary of a French group encountered related to cultural misunderstandings and stereotyping. Specifically deals with the difficulties he experienced when organizing internal training programmes, harmonizing a human resources reporting system and developing a set of “best practices” across cultural barriers.</jats:p>
International Barriers to Progress
[ "Jack Coale D. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719410050273
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719410051993
<jats:p>The idea of developing and preparing international managers to face the intensifying global competition poses new challenges for trainers and educators. Discusses an innovative approach of strategic alliance among business, Government and university in providing hands‐on management development programmes. Case examples highlight the effectiveness of the approach in creating a win/win situation for all the participants.</jats:p>
Developing International Managers: A Partnership Approach
[ "Chan T.S. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719410051993
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719410058383
<jats:p>Examines managerial and professional women′s participation in a variety of education, training and development activities and the usefulness and impact of such activities. Managerial women rated developmental relationships (sponsors, mentors) most useful, though these activities were not commonly available to them. Participation in and perceived usefulness of these activities were related to work and career outcomes, controlling for relevant personal and organizational characteristics.</jats:p>
Training and Development Activities and Career Success of Managerial and Professional Women
[ "Burke Ronald J. ", "McKeen Carol A. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719410058383
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719410071946
<jats:p>For a practice field to be of greatest value in developing global leadership capability, it needs to be constructed so as to combine meaningful cultural and national issues with realistic interpersonal dynamics. Examines how two practice fields designed to facilitate systems thinking and organizational learning – Foodcorp International and Globalcorp – accomplish this task. Both are behavioural simulations (not computer simulations) and each creates a realistic context, a microworld, for people to interact on business and global issues. Both can be used to: (1) bring to the surface cultural assumptions in a social‐business context where they can be observed, tracked and discussed relative to various effectiveness criteria; (2) create a team capable of performing with a shared vision and common mental models; and (3) develop leaders who can create as well as accommodate microcultural norms. Preliminary results using this practice field approach are supportive of these objectives. A growing number of organizations (e.g. Apple Computer, Citicorp, American Express, AT&amp;T, Northern Telecom, Glaxo) and educational institutions (e.g. University of Michigan, Dartmouth College, Indiana University, New York University, the University of Tampa) use such tools in their educational efforts. This permits a rigorous examination of the utility of these tools in management development. Describes the approach, provides two examples of how microworld practice fields are used, and shares the results of the research under way.</jats:p>
Leadership in a Global Village: Creating Practice Fields to Develop Learning Organizations
[ "Stumpf Stephen A. ", "Anne Watson Mary ", "Rustogi Hemant " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719410071946
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719410072080
<jats:p>Numerous organizations find themselves in a “turbulent field”. The greater the complexity of their environment, the greater is their external uncertainty. It is possible to cope with these uncertainties by structuring the organization differently and bringing about a new way of thinking. Royal PTT Nederland NV (KPN) is an organization which has undergone a sweeping process of change. To be the best provider of information transport, the company had to change its internal working methods and adopt an “entrepreneurial” approach. Examines some theoretical notions of entrepreneurs and managers. Looks at two cases at PTT Telecom (one of KPN′s operating companies) in which the authors were involved. One case relates to the fundamentals of a major reorganization programme that got under way in late 1990 and will affect virtually all the company′s employees. The other case gives a detailed understanding of the introduction of a new company management style and the shared values based on it. Uses all this to draw some conclusions and to provide a platform for further discussions with regard to internal entrepreneurship.</jats:p>
Conditions for Internal Entrepreneurship
[ "Jansen P.G.W. ", "van Wees L.L.G.M. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719410072080
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719510075914
<jats:p>Forms a part of a larger project aimed at developing a framework of managerial competence applicable to top teams in small – to medium‐sized enterprises in Northern Ireland. Reports on an investigation into the development of a process of “translation”, whereby cross‐company competence frameworks could be transformed into company‐specific frame‐works. A systematic, ten‐step translation process emerged, involving drawing out reactions to, and checking understanding of the generalizable frameworks, modifying framework items through additions, deletions, aggregation, disaggregation, and changes to the small print; identifying priorities; drawing out examples from practice; distinguishing actual from ideal; introducing a time dimension; challenging underlying reasoning and implications; and finally, checking the fit of the adapted frameworks. The developed translation process maintained the integrity of the generalizable frameworks while enabling full account to be taken of specific company differences. The process also served as a means of identifying individual team, and organization development issues, and laid the ground for the introduction of competence‐based management development initiatives.</jats:p>
Translation. From generalizable to organization‐specific competence frameworks
[ "Stuart Roger ", "Thompson John E. ", "Harrison Jeanette " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719510075914
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719510078939
<jats:p>Conducts a survey of management training and development practices in large Kuwaiti organizations. Covers areas such as needs assessment, programmes and participants′ selection, programme evaluation and future trends. Indicates that systematic needs assessements and programme evaluation are sorely lacking in these organizations. Practices related to programme and participants′ selection and training content areas are, generally, consistent with previous findings in the West. Contrary to the situation in the West, the private and joint sectors are less active in management development areas than the government sector. Executive educational programmes, an approach that is most successful in the West, are rarely used. Discusses results and implications of the study in the context of the Arabian Gulf region social and economic environments.</jats:p>
A survey of management training and development practices in the State of Kuwait
[ "Abdalla Ikhlas A. ", "Al‐Homoud Moudi " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719510078939
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719510078966
<jats:p>Teamwork is considered a fundamental element of organizational success in the 1990s. Presents a method of evaluating the effectiveness of an outdoor workshop as a tool to speed the development of study groups (called learning teams) in an MBA programme. Two three‐day residential outdoor workshops are evaluated that were conducted with two different MBA classes over consecutive years. The results presented indicate that such workshops can accelerate the development of teams. In addition, the evaluation methodology used is suggested as a significant contribution to the currently poor standard of measurement applied to such activities.</jats:p>
Evaluating the effectiveness of an outdoor workshop for team building in an MBA programme
[ "Mazany P. ", "Francis S. ", "Sumich P. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719510078966
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719510081269
<jats:p>Describes international management development programmes at the University of Hawaii. The programmes prepare business people for economic development in the Asia Pacific region and the international marketplace. A unique feature is the strong interaction of participants with multinational and multi‐cultural students.</jats:p>
An academic model of excellence for international business education
[ "Bailey Elaine K. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719510081269
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719510097352
<jats:p>Reports on a study of the evaluation strategies of trainers in London local government made in 1989‐91. The study was unusual in focusing on trainers as policy implementers in a context of organizational learning and bureaucratic behaviour. Trainers′ evaluation practice, their views on evaluation, their reasons for evaluating and their perceptions of the problems and advantages were elicited through survey and interview. The analysis of strategies of evaluation formed the basis for the construction of a typology of trainers. Most trainers undertook only minimal evaluation. The types were: uneasy ritualists, incrementalists, pilot strategists and innovators; but the most significant category of policy achiever was missing. Examines the implications of this typology for trainers, managers and staff, and for the implementation of policy. Finally, advocates the crucial attributes of the policy achiever model.</jats:p>
Evaluation of training in local government
[ "Dawson R.P. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719510097352
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719610107773
<jats:p>Examines the level of organizational commitment of hospital‐based pharmacists in Perth, Western Australia, and the relationship between commitment and some variables which research in other areas has suggested might be its antecedents. Argues that there are such relationships in this case as well, and that they are in the expected direction. Suggests that programmes undertaken to increase job satisfaction should have a significant impact on pharmacists’ commitment to the depart‐ment. If such programmes are successful they should result in a more highly committed workforce. Interestingly, the findings indicate that it is increased satisfaction with quality of working life and extrinsic factors (e.g. evaluation systems), rather than satisfaction with pay or job security, which has the biggest impact on commitment, and that low committed people tend to have higher stress levels than more highly committed people. Concludes, therefore, that any effort to improve organizational commitment will be beneficial in lowering stress levels in the job concerning areas such as staffing, and the perceived pressure of the job.</jats:p>
Organizational commitment and hospital pharmacists
[ "Savery Lawson K. ", "Syme Paul D. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719610107773
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719610117259
<jats:p>Contends that managers from Saudi Arabia and other Middle East nations, as well as from other areas of the world, are becoming more conscious of the critical role that managerial values can play in today’s ever widening and increasingly competitive marketplace. Alignment of personal and organizational values has become a focal issue for many management theories and studies in recognition of the importance of value congruence. An organization’s productivity, success and/or failure can hinge on the degree to which the different levels and functions of its management share values. Reports on the results of a survey aimed at determining whether Saudi managers share common values, using several demographic variables to help clarify findings. Makes use of research on North American managers which is adjusted the better to fit the Muslim‐based culture of Saudi Arabia. A total of 144 Saudi managers of differing levels and functions participated in this survey. Finds overall that Saudi managers of all levels and functions generally shared the same values ‐ with one exception: marital status.</jats:p>
Values and the Saudi manager: an empirical investigation
[ "Marshall Hunt David ", "At‐Twaijri Mohammad I. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719610117259
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719610120147
<jats:p>Outlines a management development programme which contributes to the development of small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) by way of a detailed linking process, whereby the experience and skills of an unemployed manager are carefully matched with the business needs of a company. Describes how the programme has been running since 1983, evolving from that time, to take cognizance of: major changes in the profiles of unemployed managers; changes in the industrial structure of Northern Ireland; and paradigmatic shifts within the field of management development. Concludes, from evaluation, that both groups have benefited significantly from the programme, noting that it has aided many SMEs to overcome some of the major obstacles to growth, efficiency and competitiveness, while concurrently raising the confidence level of the unemployed manager, developing his/her competences and increasing future employment prospects. Considers that the programme model will prove beneficial to other training providers and support agencies that are considering link programmes as part of their management development provision.</jats:p>
A link programme for business support and management development
[ "Wightman Stephen ", "Kelly George " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719610120147
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719610145915
<jats:p>Identifies the structural problems in the employment system which still lie behind the realization of the aim of the equal employment opportunity legislation (EEOL) which came into force in 1986. Points out that the dual track system, which was introduced by large companies ostensibly to ensure that there is a route for female university graduates to progress in the management career track, is in fact nothing more than a cleverly disguised but flawed device that allows continuation of the discriminatory system against women. By looking at the backgrounds and status of the existing female managers whose rise owes less to EEOL than to their efforts, suggests conditions which are required for the future development of female managers in Japan.</jats:p>
Development of female managers and the <i>sôgôshoku </i>in Japan
[ "Nakamura Megumi " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719610145915
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719610145942
<jats:p>In this example of in‐company development provision, Toray, the largest textile multinational in the world today, shows that it considers management development as a major strategic issue. While human resource development for Toray itself is managed on a traditional corporation‐wide system with both level‐ and function‐based programmes, its group‐wide management development programme, run in its own business school, trains managers for executive roles in the group companies, in pursuance of its overall objective, the AP‐G2000.</jats:p>
Management development in Toray ‐ now and in the future
[ "Ishizaka Susumu " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719610145942
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719610146248
<jats:p>Explores the effects of organizational transformation on career development. Through a case study of a large blue chip company in the brewing industry, illustrates that organizational and managers’ expectations of promotion, responsibility for career development and the role of the line manager in career guidance can be substantially mismatched at the current time. Highlights that this can be seriously disadvantageous to individual motivation and organizational effectiveness. Suggests that the principles of social marketing could inform initiatives to change attitudes to careers and to encourage the valuing of lateral career moves. Considers the implications of this for management developers and career management specialists within organizations and suggests a role for government agencies such as the TEC/LEC network in the UK. Concludes that a range of initiatives should be considered to address this important issue.</jats:p>
Changing expectations of career development
[ "McDougall Marilyn ", "Vaughan Elizabeth " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719610146248
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719710164517
<jats:p>Raises the issue of metaphorical thinking in organization theory and management development and in doing so warns of the dangers of framing our thinking through metaphor. Raises the notion of the learning organization in such a context and discusses some challenges and implications for management development. Introduces the other papers in the issue.</jats:p>
The learning organization
[ "Carr Adrian " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719710164517
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719710164535
<jats:p>Explores difficulties involved in business integration by providing data from an in‐depth scholarly consulting project. Focuses on the barriers that exist and emerge in the form of defensive actions and routines that tend to undermine existing core competencies as well as the formation of new core competencies. These individual and organizational barriers tend to inhibit the very kind of organizational learning critical for sustainable competitive advantage, i.e. the ability of an organization to double‐loop learn, and to reframe and reshape its competence in an evolving business environment. Argues that a kind of management development in action is required to help managers address the defensive routines in the organization or articulate and disseminate workable solutions they find in the midst of practice. This kind of management development helps practitioners to interpenetrate each others’ theories of practice and goes beyond the traditional stance of many organization and management developers to focus on “process”. Management development in action requires an integration of “process” and “content” and reframes the debate between these two positions by proposing an inquiring and designing stance towards causal reasoning in action.</jats:p>
Business integration in a learning organization: the role of management development
[ "Overmeer Willem " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719710164535
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719710169549
<jats:p>Explores NVQs in Management in terms of their take up and progression into academic postgraduate (Master’s) programmes. Traces the concepts development through an initial preparation for a potential influx of mature students to attain NVQ 4 and/or 5 in Management and to provide progression opportunities into postgraduate management programmes. Reveals that, despite vigorous marketing, the influx did not occur; hence the initial market research is revisited. Examines the perceived demand locally and regionally and establishes reasons why the expected influx did not materialize. Concludes with some lessons to be learned and recommends action to be taken.</jats:p>
The NVQ in Management and HE experience
[ "Quayle Michael " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719710169549
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719710174570
<jats:p>To win in today’s highly competitive business races, leaders must first come to grips with the starting position and desired condition of their organization. Describes how the mind‐body framework is a practical tool for energizing such a diagnosis. Explains that a strong “mind” is characterized by a high level of collective ambition, requiring a clear sense of purpose and a high level of motivation in the organization. A strong “body” provides the anatomy and physiology needed to enable the organization to achieve what the mind wills. Argues that, to build winning organizations, leaders must continuously improve both the mind and the body of their organizations.</jats:p>
Building a winning organization: the mind‐body diagnostic framework
[ "Sathe Vijay ", "Smart Geoffrey H. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719710174570
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719810210767
<jats:p>This paper discusses the need for and possible resistance to interdiscplinary education and development in the US business schools today. In‐depth structured interviews were conducted with executives from 12 companies located in the Mid‐Atlantic states of the USA, each of which is included in the <jats:italic>Fortune </jats:italic>1000 listing. Interview questions sought input on the appropriateness of recent new hires’ knowledge and skill level to meet organizational demands. Content analysis of interview responses produced five major content themes. These themes indicate that newly hired employees need to possess greater: communication skills in speaking, writing and interpersonal relations; team‐oriented skills; cross‐functional/ interdisciplinary perspective; change receptivity; and intercultural awareness. One approach for meeting these organizational needs and increased interdisciplinary interaction among the faculty is presented.</jats:p>
The interdisciplinary needs of organizations
[ "Barker Randolph T. ", "Gilbreath Glenn H. ", "Stone Warren S. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719810210767
2,002
July
10.1108/02621719910284477
<jats:p>This paper presents snapshots of moral principles which can inform current thinking on values that will positively affect business in contemporary society. It is aimed primarily at the management practitioner who may not have the time, or the interest, to pursue this area in the current literature. Values (moral, ethical and social) are mentioned, but the main focus of the paper is on values which drive the Western World; e.g. the free enterprise system with its ideas of fairness, competition, honesty, trust, integrity and justice. Instances of unfair, unethical, unscrupulous and presumably illegal behaviour are regularly reported in the press, and the current scandals regarding members of the Olympic Games Federation are examples. This paper is a synopsis of some current thinking about key values in contemporary business and society; values which seem to have been conveniently forgotten, at best, or deliberately flouted, at worst.</jats:p>
A cinematograph of moral principles: critical values for contemporary business and society
[ "Small Michael W. ", "Dickie Laurence " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719910284477
2,002
July
10.1108/02630800210426213
<jats:p>Notes the ambiguities within the party wall legislation. Describes the “proceduralist” and “rightist” approaches to interpretation of the statute. Provides examples of each approach. Traces the development of the current judicial approach to interpretation and describes surveyors’ responses to this. Cites the recent case of <jats:italic>Frances Holland School</jats:italic> v. <jats:italic>Wassef</jats:italic> [2001] as demonstrating the consistency of the judicial approach. Discusses issues, raised by the case, relating to <jats:italic>ex parte</jats:italic> awards and the statutory definition of “owner”. Concludes that surveyors should follow a rightist approach to the legislation, whilst also understanding the limits of the rightist doctrine.</jats:p>
Making sense of the party wall legislation: still no easy task
[ "Chynoweth Paul " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02630800210426213
2,002
July
10.1108/02630800210426240
<jats:p>Presents a procedural framework for the inspection of domestic property. A mechanistic task, such as sketching the site plan and roof plan, is advocated in order to achieve focus, familiarity and freedom to undertake the inspection alone. An inspection of the exterior followed by the interior is recommended and a “top‐down” procedure is suggested. The type of information to record and how to record it are both discussed and reference is made to the existing and forthcoming benchmark standards of SAVA.</jats:p>
Condition inspections of residential property: a procedural framework
[ "Hoxley Mike " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02630800210426240
2,002
July
10.1108/02630809410049086
<jats:p>Surveyors, who may be involved in specifying retro‐fitted cavity insulation, need to know the key factors which influence the potential risk of rain penetration. Proposes guidance for surveyors to undertake a low‐cost initial visual survey and desk study as a first stage in the assessment of a dwelling′s suitability for retro‐fitted cavity insulation. A case‐study of low‐rise housing on a local authority estate on the south coast of England, which has retro‐fitted cavity insulation, allowed the identification of these key factors and testing of their statistical significance. Factors identified are aspect towards prevailing wind and driving rain index; exposure (related to local topographic and sheltering features); wall impermeability; and any factors of particular significance to the site. If an individual dwelling has a combination of these factors, it is likely to have a 60 per cent increased risk of rain penetration.</jats:p>
Rain Penetration Problems Associated with Retro‐fitted Cavity Insulation
[ "Davies Hilary ", "Wilmshurst Graham " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02630809410049086
2,002
July
10.1108/02630809410049095
<jats:p>Outlines the structure and working arrangements of the Building Services Research and Information Association (BSRIA) and gives examples of projects using its £1.2 million research programme. Emphasizes the wide spectrum of construction industry membership and how this can greatly enhance the value of research for the industry.</jats:p>
BSRIA – A Thumbnail Sketch
[ "Eastwell Andrew " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02630809410049095
2,002
July
10.1108/02630809410049103
<jats:p>Traces the history of the use of ceramics in the decoration of buildings. Provides definitions of the various types of ceramic used in buildings construction; and their derivation. Follows the use of terracotta and other glazed architectural ceramics in Britain, from Roman times to the present; from the height of usage in buildings in the nineteenth century through to decline in the early twentieth century as tastes changed and in reaction to former highly decorated styles. Now only two manufacturers survive in the UK which produce a full range of terracotta products.</jats:p>
Our Architectural Ceramic Heritage
[ "Swallow P.G. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02630809410049103
2,002
July
10.1108/02630809610122677
<jats:p>Presents the results of a survey of 501 traditionally‐built residential properties in the East Midlands which identified and analysed the causal mechanisms of 844 specific structural defects to establish why each mechanism was allowed to develop. Reveals that only 16.9 per cent of the structural defects analysed were unavoidable, the remainder being attributed to ignorance, negligence and false economy on the part of designers, builders and owners. Reports that, although recent legislation has reduced the likelihood of some defects occurring as often in the future, there are still many bad practices which need to be eliminated. Confirms the importance of implementing a sensible programme of preventive maintenance for each building.</jats:p>
An analysis of structural defects occurring in residential buildings in the East Midlands region
[ "Page Chris ", "Murray Peter " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02630809610122677
2,002
July
10.1108/02630809610129012
<jats:p>Points out that ruins have long held a fascination for those concerned with images of picturesque charm or sublime horror. Recent attitudes have broadened in an appreciation of the potential that standing ruins and their sites have for students of architecture, archaeology and landscape history, while many are now examining the roles that these remains might also have for the flora and fauna of a particular location. Examines the work that is being undertaken to consolidate and repair a number of ruined churches within the county of Norfolk. Illustrates how such work can broaden the base from which other projects may be undertaken.</jats:p>
Consolidation and repair of standing ruins: medieval churches in Norfolk ‐ part I
[ "Watt David S. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02630809610129012
2,002
July
10.1108/02630809710179999
<jats:p>Five years have elapsed since the introduction of ISO 9000 Quality Assurance in Singapore’s construction industry in 1992. By the end of 1996, more than 80 construction‐related organizations had secured ISO 9000 certification. In 1995 the Singapore government announced that the larger construction and consultancy firms must secure ISO 9000 certification before 1999 if they are to bid for public sector construction projects. Proposes to determine whether or not local contractors believe that ISO 9000 would reduce the costs of doing business and raise the quality of construction works; and if local construction firms have any quality cost systems in place for the purpose of establishing the relationship between quality assurance and cost savings. Presents the findings of a survey as answers to these questions.</jats:p>
ISO 9000 quality assurance in Singapore’s construction industry: an update
[ "Sui Pheng Low ", "Yeo Henson K.C. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02630809710179999
2,002
July
10.1108/02632770210414281
<jats:p>This paper presents research findings of 365 NHS Trust executives in the UK and builds on work carried out on risk perceptions and treatment in facilities management operations and business support activities in the NHS Trusts. The research utilises a business approach of viewing healthcare facilities not only as fixed “assets” occupying hospital sites and space, but it also considers them as that “tangible” part of the service chain process underpinning the provision of clinical services to both internal (departments or directorates) and external customers. The research found that customer satisfaction, service delivery certainty, customer involvement, service quality reliability, health and safety are highly rated by the NHS executives. The paper classifies healthcare related risk constructs into seven elements namely: customer care, corporate, legal, commercial finance and economics, business transfer, and facilities transmitted.</jats:p>
Managing FM (support services): business risks in the healthcare sector
[ "Okoroh M.I. ", "Gombera P.P. ", "Ilozor B.D. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770210414281
2,002
July
10.1108/02632770210423803
<jats:p>Maintenance and investments in buildings should be based on a view of the desired level of function fulfilment of individual buildings and the building stock. In accommodation policy at the building level, this should be expressed in terms of scenarios, e.g. consolidation, extension, conversion, redeployment, sale and demolition. The evaluation of the building is vital in determining the choice of accommodation. To establish the evaluation, two kinds of information must be gathered: the organisation accommodated by the building; and the operating prospects for the building. Presents a model in which five blocks of information are distinguished on building level. The model takes as its point of departure, office organisations owning their accommodation. In selecting the model’s information carriers, reference was made to existing Dutch and other quality assessment systems.</jats:p>
Accommodation functionality assessment in office buildings
[ "Vijverberg Geert " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770210423803
2,002
July
10.1108/02632770210423830
<jats:p>Based on research carried out on a mature estate in South Belfast, Northern Ireland, this paper investigates the obstacles to accessibility in order to produce an appraisal model for external accessibility. The study included a review of best practice, a preliminary access appraisal and resident and service provider consultation. Residents were surveyed on a number of issues including location, roads and pavements, transportation, level change, wayfinding, safety and security, and public areas. It was discovered that obstacles relating to wayfinding and traffic management created the greatest problems for residents. The resultant model will enable housing providers and managers to identify specific areas of inaccessibility and the feasibility of improving them as well as allowing comparisons between estates. It is intended to provide all agencies involved in housing with a basis for collaboration in the enhancement of accessibility.</jats:p>
Developing an accessibility appraisal model for the external environments of housing estates
[ "Kane Gillian ", "Heaney George ", "Ewart Ken ", "McAlister Billy " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770210423830
2,002
July
10.1108/02632770210426684
<jats:p>The aviation industry worldwide has a reputation for being a major polluter. This paper examines the ways in which airports address the issue of the environment through examining both the problems and the strategies adopted in disposal. The paper concludes that a more co‐ordinated approach to environmental strategy is needed across the industry and that this is best produced at government level.</jats:p>
Waste management at airports
[ "Pitt Michael ", "Brown Andrew ", "Smith Andrew " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770210426684
2,002
July
10.1108/02632770210435143
<jats:p>This paper considers the renovation of hotels in the context of facilities management. It evaluates a study carried out in Egypt into the attitudes of hotel general managers about the importance attached to hotel renovation and refurbishment. The findings show that whilst hotel managers express a belief in the importance of hotel renovation, there is little evidence of strategic thought in the renovation process. Instead, the focus appears to be on the “softer” customer satisfaction aspects of hotel management. There is scope for a more strategic view of FM among hotel managers and owners.</jats:p>
The application of facilities management expertise to the hotel renovation process
[ "Hassanien Ahmed ", "Losekoot Erwin " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770210435143
2,002
July
10.1108/02632779410051724
<jats:p>Describes a recent study, undertaken by DTZ Debenham Thorpe, examining the economic role of property. Foresees a change in attitudes towards company property (a shift away from the traditional view that it is an umbrella for housing people and production), induced by effects of the abolition of trade barriers. Concludes that the value of real estate must be maximized to retain economic health.</jats:p>
Corporate Change: Its Effect on Property and the Economy
[ "Eul Frank " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02632779410051724
2,002
July
10.1108/02632779410056693
<jats:p>Explains the health and safety directives and regulations and suggests the kinds of action that employers should be taking to ensure compliance. Suggests that the increased pace of modern office work puts health and safety in the office on management′s agenda, and points out that the employer is obliged to keep up to date with the state of the art to achieve the objectives of the directive. A key concept in the regulations is that employers should analyse existing display screen equipment workplaces to assess risks. Explains the most important regulations, discusses key issues and provides brief management checklists.</jats:p>
Planning Effective Action to Implement the Regulations
[ "Stewart Tom " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02632779410056693
2,002
July
10.1108/02632779410064829
<jats:p>Provides an insight into the power of video and data conferencing, the latest evolution in information technology, and explores their impact on the office workplace. Discusses the costs and benefits of such systems and their potential to revolutionize management styles, business processes and organizational structures. Concludes that video conferencing and data conferencing will prove to be a further nail in the office coffin.</jats:p>
Video and Data Conferencing on the Desk...Another Nail in the Office Coffin
[ "Mawson Andrew " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02632779410064829
2,002
July
10.1108/02632779410071704
<jats:p>Indicates that literature on facilities management is written from a Western perspective with no reference to practices in the East: therefore suggests there is profit in integrating Oriental thinking with Western thinking. Takes the ideas of philosopher Lao Tzu and incorporates them with Western thinking to enhance the leadership effectiveness of the facilities manager. Concentrates on the text of the book <jats:italic>Tao Te Ching</jats:italic> and relates the ideas to management. Provides a summary of the main points of the 37 chapters in book I of <jats:italic>Tao Te Ching</jats:italic> and provides lessons from the 44 chapters of book II. Concludes that Lao Tzu′s teaching holds a wisdom for the modern team leader but suggests Western facilities management should take note as Western notions of ethics and leadership qualities have already caused erosion of Taoism and Confucianism in the East.</jats:p>
Lessons from Lao Tzu’s <i>Tao Te Ching</i> for the Facilities Manager
[ "Sui Pheng Low " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02632779410071704
2,002
July
10.1108/02632779510097778
<jats:p>Examines two aspects of facilities management work: the degree of customization involved in professional services; and the skills needed in face‐to‐face interaction with a client. Suggests that these require highly‐skilled individuals to provide an effective service. Concludes that developing a partnership relation should be based on trust.</jats:p>
Partnerships: a new management tool for the next decade
[ "Barnhoorn J.G.M. " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02632779510097778
2,002
July
10.1108/02632779610123335
<jats:p>Aims to provide a conceptual framework for describing maintenance standards in relation to built assets, i.e. buildings as a special class of long‐life durable assets that are fundamental to most business operations. Advocates the definition of maintenance standards by evaluating two key variables that are inherent in establishing built asset maintenance demands irrespective of the nature of business the asset may be supporting; classification of maintenance actions and effectiveness of maintenance actions. Describes the evaluation methodology based on a simple four‐quadrant matrix.</jats:p>
A conceptual framework for describing built assets maintenance standards
[ "Shiem‐Shin Then Danny " ]
https://doi.org/10.1108/02632779610123335
2,002
July