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] |
Binary Black Holes in Stationary Orbits
|
We show that under certain astrophysical conditions a binary system consisting of two compact objects can be stabilized against indefinite shrinking of orbits due to the emission of gravitational radiation. In this case, the lighter binary companion settles down to a stable orbit when the loss of the angular momentum due to gravitational radiation becomes equal to its gain from the accreting matter from the disk around the more massive primary. We claim that such systems can be stable against small perturbations and can be regarded as steady emitters of gravitational waves of constant frequency and amplitude. Furthermore, X-rays emitted by the secondary can also produce astrophysically interesting situations when coupled with gravitational lensing and Doppler effects.
|
Sandip K. Chakrabarti (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, INDIA)
|
astro-ph gr-qc
|
August
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9208006
|
astro-ph/9208007
|
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] |
COBE, Gravitational Waves, Inflation and Extended Inflation
|
We analyse the implications for inflationary models of the cosmic microwave background (cmb) anisotropy measured by COBE. Vacuum fluctuations during inflation generate an adiabatic density perturbation, and also gravitational waves. The ratio of these two contributions to the cmb anisotropy is given for an arbitrary slow-roll inflaton potential. Results from the IRAS/QDOT and POTENT galaxy surveys are used to normalise the spectrum of the density perturbation on the scale $20h^{-1}\Mpc$, so that the COBE measurement on the scale $10^3h^{-1}\Mpc$ provides a lower bound on the spectral index $n$. For `power law' and `extended' inflation, gravitational waves are significant and the bound is $n>0.84$ at the $2$-sigma level. For `natural' inflation, gravitational waves are negligible and the constraint is weakened to $n>0.70$, at best marginally consistent with a recent proposal for explaining the excess clustering observed in the APM galaxy survey. Many versions of extended inflation, including those based on the Brans--Dicke theory, are ruled out, because they require $n\lsim 0.75$ in order that bubbles formed at the end of inflation should not be observed now in the cmb.
|
David H Lyth and Andrew R Liddle
|
astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph
|
August
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9208007
|
astro-ph/9209001
|
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] |
The Radial Structure of the Galactic Disc
|
Three colour photometry on CCD frames in the Special Area SpA23 provides a deep probe of the galactic disc in a low absorption window towards the anticenter. Magnitudes to better than 10% at V = 25 and B-V colour down to V = 23 have been obtained. These new data, used in combination with lower magnitude photographic data in a wider field, give a strong evidence that the galactic density scale length is rather short (2.5 kpc) and drops abruptly beyond 6 kpc.
|
Annie C. Robin, Michel Creze, Vijay Mohan
|
astro-ph
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9209001
|
astro-ph/9209002
|
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] |
Extended Hot Gas Halos Around Starburst Galaxies
|
Reanalysis of Einstein IPC data and new observations from the GINGA LAC indicate the presence of extended X-ray emission (10-50 kpc) around the starburst galaxy M82. Here we model this emission by calculating numerical hydrodynamic simulations of the starburst event to much later times and larger scales than previously considered. For our models, we adopt a supernova rate of 0.1 ${\rm yr}^{-1}$, and an extended low-density static halo that is bound to the galaxy. There are three stages to the evolution of the wind-blown bubble and the propagation of the shock front: the bubble expands in an almost uniform density disk gas, with a deceleration of the shock front ($t \alt $ 3.6 Myr); breakout from the disk and the upward acceleration of the shock front (3.6 Myr $\alt t \alt$ 18 Myr); propagation into the halo, leading to a more spherical system and shock deceleration (18 Myr $\alt t$). For a halo density of $10^{-3} {\rm cm}^{-3}$, the outflow reaches a distance of 40-50 kpc from the center of the starburst galaxy in 50 Myr. We calculate the time evolution of the X-ray luminosity and find that the extended starburst emits $3\times 10^{39}\lcgs$ to $10^{40}\lcgs$ in the GINGA LAC band and $\sim 10^{41}\lcgs$ in the Einstein or ROSAT HRI band. The degree of the ionization equilibrium in the outflow and its effect on the iron K$\alpha$ line emission are discussed.
|
Kohji Tomisaka and Joel N. Bregman
|
astro-ph
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9209002
|
astro-ph/9209003
|
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0.47197315096855164,
-0.36336955428123474,
-0.0998569130897522,
-0.2152050882577896
] |
The Spectral Index in the CDM Cosmogony
|
In a recent paper, we suggested that the density fluctuation spectra arising from power-law (or extended) inflation, which are tilted with respect to the Harrison--Zel'dovich spectrum, may provide an explanation for the excess large scale clustering seen in galaxy surveys such as the APM survey. In the light of the new results from COBE, we examine in detail here cold dark matter cosmogonies based on inflationary models predicting power-law spectra. Along with power-law and extended inflation, this class includes natural inflation. The latter is of interest because, unlike the first two, it produces a power-law spectrum without significant gravitational wave production. We examine a range of phenomena, including large angle microwave background fluctuations, clustering in the galaxy distribution, bulk peculiar velocity flows, the formation of high redshift quasars and the epoch of structure formation. Of the three models, only natural inflation seems capable of explaining the large scale clustering of optical galaxies. Such a model, though at best marginal even at present, has some advantages over standard CDM and on most grounds appears to perform at least as well. Power-law inflation's primary interest may ultimately only be in permitting a larger bias parameter than standard CDM; it appears unable to explain excess clustering. Most models of extended inflation are ruled out at a high confidence level.
|
David H Lyth and Andrew A Liddle
|
astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9209003
|
astro-ph/9209004
|
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] |
On the Tail Problem in Cosmology
|
The tail problem for the propagation of a scalar field is considered in a cosmological background, taking a Robertson-Walker spacetime as a specific example. The explicit radial dependence of the general solution of the Klein-Gordon equation with nonminimal coupling is derived, and the inapplicability of the standard calculation of the reflection and transmission coefficients to the study of scattering of waves by the cosmological curvature is discussed.
|
Valerio Faraoni and Sebastiano Sonego
|
astro-ph
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9209004
|
astro-ph/9209005
|
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] |
Neutrino Flavor Conversion in a Supernova Core
|
If $\nu_\mu$ or $\nu_\tau$ mix with $\nu_e$, neutrino oscillations and collisions in a supernova (SN) core allow these flavors effectively to participate in $\beta$ equilibrium and thus to obtain a large chemical potential. If a sterile species mixes with $\nu_e$, these effects lead to an anomalous loss of energy and lepton number. We study flavor conversion in a SN core on the basis of a new kinetic equation which rigorously includes neutrino interference and degeneneracy effects. Our discussion serves as an example and illustration of the properties of this ``non-abelian Boltzmann equation''.
|
G. Raffelt and G. Sigl
|
astro-ph hep-ph
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9209005
|
astro-ph/9209006
|
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] |
Inflation at the Electroweak Scale
|
We present a simple model for slow-rollover inflation where the vacuum energy that drives inflation is of the order of $G_F^{-2}$; unlike most models, the conversion of vacuum energy to radiation (``reheating'') is moderately efficient. The scalar field responsible for inflation is a standard-model singlet, develops a vacuum expectation value of the order of $4\times 10^6\GeV$, has a mass of order $1\GeV$, and can play a role in electroweak phenomena.
|
L. Knox and M.S. Turner (U. of Chicago/Fermilab)
|
astro-ph hep-ph
|
September
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9209006
|
astro-ph/9210001
|
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] |
The Edge of the Galactic Disc
|
As part of a stellar population sampling program, a series of photometric probes at various field sizes and depths have been obtained in a low extinction window in the galactic anticentre direction. Such data set strong constraints on the radial structure of the disc. At the forefront of this "drilling" program, very deep CCD frames probe the most external parts of the disc. Over the whole effective magnitude range (18 to 25), all contributions in the statistics which should be expected from old disc stars beyond 6 kpc vanish, although such stars dominate by far at distances less than 5 kpc. This is the signature of a sharp cut-off in the star density: the edge of the galactic disc between 5.5 and 6 kpc. As a consequence, the galactic radius does not exceed 14 kpc (assuming $R/-/(//sun/)$=8.5). Colours of elliptical galaxies measured in the field rule out the risk of being misled by undetected extinction.
|
Annie C. Robin, Michel Creze, Vijay Mohan
|
astro-ph
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9210001
|
astro-ph/9210002
|
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-0.19744257628917694,
-0.2640992999076843,
-0.1994965821504593
] |
Coordinated UV-optical observations of quasars: the evolution of the Lyman absorption
|
The average flux decrement shortward the Ly$_{\alpha}$ emission, due to the well-known ``forest'' of absorptions, has been measured in the spectra of 8 quasars. Quasi-simultaneous optical and IUE observations of the two low redshift quasars PKS 0637--75 (z=0.654) and MC 1104+16 (z=0.632) have been carried out, obtaining relatively high S/N, spectrophotometrically calibrated data on their energy distribution from the rest frame H$_{\beta}$ to the Lyman continuum. Six more quasars in the redshift range 2.5-3.4 have been observed in the optical domain. For all the quasars the ``intrinsic'' continuum slope and normalization have been estimated longward the Ly$_{\alpha}$ emission and extrapolated towards the Lyman continuum to measure the average depressions, which have been compared with the model statistics of the Ly$_{\alpha}$ clouds. When all the known classes of absorbers are taken into account with plausible values for their equivalent width distribution and evolution, a good agreement is obtained with the observations. The results for the observed continuum decrement at $z \sim 0.65$ are identical to those predicted by the evolution with redshift of the number of Ly$_{\alpha}$ forest systems including the HST data and within $2\sigma$ of the predicted value using the ``standard'' Ly$_{\alpha}$ evolution (as determined only at high z).
|
S. Cristiani, E. Giallongo, L. M. Buson, C. Gouiffes, F. La Franca
|
astro-ph
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9210002
|
astro-ph/9210003
|
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] |
Cosmic Rays, Gamma Rays and Neutrinos from Point Sources
|
The suggestion has been made that the energy spectrum from point sources such as AGN (Active Galactic Nuclei) and GBHC (Galactic Black Hole Candidates) is universal, irrespective of the nature of the emitted particles. A comparison of the energy spectrum for cosmic rays at the source and $\gamma$-rays from quasars obtained recently by CGRO (Compton Gamma Ray Observatory) indicates that the prediction is in agreement with the data in the average sense. This suggests that neutrinos from point sources should have a spectral index identical to that of $\gamma$-rays for an individual point source. This prediction is also consistent with the recent observation of neutrinos by Kamiokande and IMB in which the ratio of $\nu_\mu/\nu_e$ is close to 1, instead of 2 as expected from atmospheric neutrinos. For a further test of the model, analysis of the time variation of $\gamma$-ray spectra from quasars is suggested.
|
Yukio Tomozawa
|
astro-ph
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9210003
|
astro-ph/9210004
|
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] |
Dynamics of the Young Binary LMC Cluster NGC 1850
|
In this paper we have examined the age and internal dynamics of the young binary LMC cluster NGC 1850 using BV CCD images and echelle spectra of 52 supergiants. Isochrone fits to a BV color-magnitude diagram revealed that the primary cluster has an age of $\tau = 90 \pm 30$ Myr while the secondary member has $\tau = 6 \pm 5$ Myr. BV surface brightness profiles were constructed out to R $>$ 40 pc, and single-component King-Michie (KM) models were applied. The total cluster luminosity varied from L$_B$ = 2.60 - 2.65 $\times 10^6$ L$_B$\sol\ and L$_V$ = 1.25 - 1.35 $\times 10^6$ as the anisotropy radius varied from infinity to three times the scale radius with the isotropic models providing the best agreement with the data. Of the 52 stars with echelle spectra, a subset of 36 were used to study the cluster dynamics. The KM radial velocity distributions were fitted to these velocities yielding total cluster masses of 5.4 - 5.9 $\pm 2.4 \times 10^4$ M\sol\ corresponding to M/L$_B$ = 0.02 $\pm 0.01$ M\sol/L$_B$\sol\ or M/L$_V$ = 0.05 $\pm 0.02$ M\sol/L$_V$\sol. A rotational signal in the radial velocities has been detected at the 93\% confidence level implying a rotation axis at a position angle of 100\deg. A variety of rotating models were fit to the velocity data assuming cluster ellipticities of $\epsilon = 0.1 - 0.3$. These models provided slightly better agreement with the radial velocity data than the KM models and had masses that were systematically lower by a few percent. The preferred value for the slope of a power-law IMF is a relatively shallow, $x = 0.29 \pmm{+0.3}{-0.8}$ assuming the B-band M/L or $x = 0.71 \pmm{+0.2}{-0.4}$ for the V-band.
|
P. Fischer, D. L. Welch, and M. Mateo
|
astro-ph
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9210004
|
astro-ph/9210005
|
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] |
Evidence for a Very Broad Line Region in PG 1138+222
|
We present a high S/N spectrum for the quasar PG 1138+222. We detect a very broad HeII$\lambda$4686 emission line component with twice the FWHM of the conventional broad line region (BLR) as evidenced by the Balmer lines. The profile shape and centroid redshift also distinguish this HeII component from the BLR features. The large ratio of HeII\l 4686 to any analogous H$\beta$ emission component is an indicator that it arises in a very high density region ($n_e \simgt 10^{11}-10^{13}$ \cm3). This Helium component is probably emitted in a Very Broad Line Region (VBLR), where the radiation field is so strong that the Str\"omgren depth becomes similar to the geometrical thickness of the emitting clouds. The gas could therefore be optically thin to the Lyman continuum.
|
Paolo Marziani and Jack W. Sulentic
|
astro-ph
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9210005
|
astro-ph/9210006
|
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] |
On the Origin of the Galactic Magnetic Field
|
The galactic magnetic field is commonly supposed to be due to a dynamo acting on some large scale seed field. A major difficulty with this idea is that estimates of reasonable seed field strengths tend to be quite low, on the order of $\sim10^{-20}$ gauss. Here we examine the contribution due to the flux entrained in winds from protostars formed in the first dynamo e-folding time of a galaxy's existence. Using a minimal estimate of a protostellar magnetic field we find that if each protostar ejects a single current ring, sufficient to maintain flux freezing in the wind, than the large scale average dipole field from all such current rings will be at least 5 orders of magnitude larger than previous seed field estimates. Allowing for a reasonable amount of magnetic activity in protostars during an extended period of mass loss increases this to a dipole seed field of $\sim10^{-12}$ gauss. For the purposes of producing a seed field it is irrelevant whether or not this initial injection of flux takes place in a newly formed galactic disk, or in star forming proto-galactic clouds. The compression of this dipole field into a thin disk will lead to a large scale $B_r\sim 10^{-10.5}$ gauss. Initially, field strengths on smaller scales will be larger, but nowhere near current levels.
|
Ethan T. Vishniac
|
astro-ph
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9210006
|
astro-ph/9210007
|
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] |
Effect of Neutrino Heating on Primordial Nucleosynthesis
|
We have modified the standard code for primordial nucleosynthesis to include the effect of the slight heating of neutrinos by $e^\pm$ annihilations. There is a small, systematic change in the $^4$He yield, $\Delta Y \simeq +1.5\times 10^{-4}$, which is insensitive to the value of the baryon-to-photon ratio $\eta$ for $10^{-10}\la \eta \la 10^{-9}$. We also find that the baryon-to-photon ratio decreases by about 0.5\% less than the canonical factor of 4/11 because some of the entropy in $e^\pm$ pairs is transferred to neutrinos. These results are in accord with recent analytical estimates.
|
B. Fields, S. Dodelson, M.S. Turner (U. Chicago/Fermilab)
|
astro-ph hep-ph
|
October
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9210007
|
astro-ph/9211001
|
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] |
A Burst of Speculation
|
Self-consistent models of gamma-ray burst source regions at 100 Kpc distance are possible if the radiating plasma is confined to very thin sheets, and I estimate parameters. Energy sources might be elastic (by starquakes) or magnetic (by reconnection), but mechanisms remain obscure. I discuss a very speculative model involving collisions between comets in a hypothetical inner Oort cloud.
|
J. I. Katz
|
astro-ph
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9211001
|
astro-ph/9211002
|
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] |
Detection of brown dwarfs by the micro-lensing of unresolved stars
|
The presence of brown dwarfs in the dark galactic halo could be detected through their gravitational lensing effect and experiments under way monitor about one million stars to observe a few lensing events per year. We show that if the photon flux from a galaxy is measured with a good precision, it is not necessary to resolve the stars and besides more events could be observed.
|
Paul Baillon, Alain Bouquet, Yannick Giraud-H\'eraud and Jean Kaplan
|
astro-ph
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9211002
|
astro-ph/9211003
|
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] |
Evolution of Elliptical Galaxies: The Multiphase Model
|
We present a multiphase model for the evolution of elliptical galaxies. Diffuse gas, molecular clouds, stars and remnants are taken into account. Cloud--cloud collisions and stimulated processes are the main causes of star formation. The occurrence of winds driven by Supernovae is considered, and the evolution of the system is computed also after the first wind, allowing for further star formation from the restored gas. The evolution of the abundances of 15 elements or isotopes is followed with detailed stellar nucleosynthesis. Stellar lifetimes are taken into account and a new IMF has been adopted. The gas removal due to the Supernovae explosions depends on the galactic mass and the presence of dark matter; the subsequent wind episodes are crucial to the intergalactic gas enrichment. Good agreement is obtained for current SNs rates, Star Formation Rate and gas masses when compared to the available data.
|
Federico Ferrini, Bianca Maria Poggianti
|
astro-ph
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9211003
|
astro-ph/9211004
|
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] |
Gravitational Radiation from Colliding Vacuum Bubbles: Envelope Approximation to Many-Bubble Collisions
|
We introduce an approximation to calculate the gravitational radiation produced by the collision of true-vacuum bubbles that is simple enough to allow the simulation of a phase transition by the collision of hundreds of bubbles. This ``envelope approximation'' neglects the complicated ``overlap'' regions of colliding bubbles and follows only the evolution of the bubble walls. The approximation accurately reproduces previous results for the gravitational radiation from the collision of two scalar-field vacuum bubbles. Using a bubble nucleation rate given by $\Gamma = \Gamma_0 e^{\beta t}$, we simulate a phase transition by colliding 20 to 200 bubbles; the fraction of vacuum energy released into gravity waves is $E_{\rm GW}/E_{\rm vac} = 0.06(H/\beta)^2$ and the peak of the spectrum occurs at $\omega_{\rm max}=1.6\beta$ ($H^2=8\pi G\rho /3$ is the Hubble constant associated with the false-vacuum phase). The spectrum is very similar to that in the two-bubble case, except that the efficiency of gravity-wave generation is about five times higher, presumably due to the fact that a given bubble collides with many others. Finally, we consider two further ``statistical'' approximations, where the gravitational radiation is computed as an incoherent sum over individual bubbles weighted by the distribution of bubble sizes. These approximations provide reasonable estimates of the gravitational-wave spectrum with far less computation.
|
Arthur Kosowsky and Michael S. Turner
|
astro-ph hep-ph
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9211004
|
astro-ph/9211005
|
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] |
Centri`fugal' Force around a Black Hole
|
Besides having some very interesting perturbatively unstable orbits, it seems that for a Schwarzschild black hole, below $r=3M$, the force always increases inward with increasing angular momentum. Here this previously known result is derived with greater simplicity, and a similar analysis is performed for black holes with angular momentum and charge.
|
A.Y.Shiekh
|
astro-ph
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9211005
|
astro-ph/9211006
|
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] |
The ($\log R_e$, $\mu_e$) Plane of Hot Stellar Systems
|
Two families of hot stellar systems, named {\it `ordinary'\/} and {\it 'bright'\/}, are identified in the ($\log R_e, \mu_e$) plane built with a luminosity--limited sample of ellipticals and bulges of S0s and spirals of the Virgo and Fornax clusters. This finding, based on {\it ad hoc\/} new observations, is confirmed by a much larger set of literature data for $\sim1500$ galaxies. The {\it `ordinary'\/} family is biparametric: $L_T\propto I_e\,R_e^2$; its members are fainter that $M_B\simeq-19.3$ and smaller than $\re\simeq3$ kpc (whatever $M_B$ is). The {\it 'bright'\/} family is uniparametric ($\mu_e$ depends on $R_e$ alone) and hosts brightest cluster members and QSO parent galaxies. We show that the segregation in the ($\log R_e, \mu_e$) plane has an important counterpart in the behavior of various physical parameters, which is markedly different for galaxies smaller ({\it `ordinary'\/} family) and larger ({\it 'bright'\/} family) than $R_e=3$ kpc.
|
Massimo Capaccioli, Nicola Caon and Mauro D'Onofrio
|
astro-ph
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9211006
|
astro-ph/9211007
|
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] |
Generalized Einstein Theory on Solar and Galactic Scales
|
We study a generalized Einstein theory with the following two criteria:{\it i}) on the solar scale, it must be consistent with the classical tests of general relativity, {\it ii}) on the galactic scale, the gravitational potential is a sum of Newtonian and Yukawa potentials so that it may explain the flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies. Under these criteria, we find that such a generalized Einstein action must include at least one scalar field and one vector field as well as the quadratic term of the scalar curvature.
|
Masakatsu Kenmoku, Yuko Okamoto and Kazuyasu Shigemoto
|
astro-ph gr-qc
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9211007
|
astro-ph/9211008
|
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] |
The Mad Era: A Possible New Resolution to the Horizon, Flatness, and Monopole Problems
|
A cosmology with a dynamical Planck mass $m_{pl}$ is shown to solve the horizon and monopole problems (and possibly flatness) if there is an early MAD (modified aging) era where the universe becomes older than in the standard model as a result of a large $m_{pl}$: the causality condition is $m_{pl}(T_c)/ m_{pl}(T_o) \gta T_c/T_o$ ($T_c$ is some high temperature while $T_o = 2.74K$.) Unlike inflation, there is no period of vacuum domination nor any entropy violation. We study: a) bare scalar theories of gravity, b) self-interacting models, and c) bare theories with a phase transition in the matter sector.
|
Katherine Freese and Janna J Levin
|
astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9211008
|
astro-ph/9211009
|
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] |
Fireballs in the Galactic Halo and $\gamma$-Ray Bursts
|
If gamma ray burst sources are in the galactic halo they inevitably involve a creation of an opaque pair plasma fireball, just like in cosmological sources. We find that the typical physical conditions in a galactic halo fireball are: optical depth $\ap 10^8$, thermal energy $\ap 100 KeV$, maximal relativstic expansion $\G \ap 300 $ and a maximal baryonic load of $\ap 10^{-15} M_\odot$. This does not rule out galctic halo models but it poses an addtional severe constraint on all such sources. A comparison of these conditions with the physical conditions at cosmological fireballs reveal that galactic halo fireballs are less favorable than cosmological ones as sources of gamma ray bursts.
|
Tsvi Piran and Amotz Shemi
|
astro-ph
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9211009
|
astro-ph/9211010
|
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] |
Gamma-Ray Bursts and Neutron Star Mergers - Possibly the Strongest Explosions in the Universe
|
$\gamma$-ray bursts have baffled theorists ever since their accidental discovery at the sixties. We suggest that these bursts originate in merger of neutron star binaries, taking place at cosmological distances. These mergers release $\approx 10^{54}ergs$, in what are possibly the strongest explosions in the Universe. If even a small fraction of this energy is channeled to an electromagnetic signal it will be detected as a grbs. We examine the virtues and limitations of this model and compare it with the recent Compton \g-ray observatory results.
|
Tsvi Piran
|
astro-ph
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9211010
|
astro-ph/9211011
|
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] |
A Possible Solution to the Horizon Problem: The Mad Era for Massless Scalar Theories of Gravity
|
Extensions of Einstein gravity which allow the gravitational constant $G$ to change with time as the universe evolves may provide a resolution to the horizon problem without invoking a period of vacuum domination and without the subsequent entropy violation. In a cosmology for which the gravitational constant is not in fact constant, the universe may be older at a given temperature than in a standard Hot Big Bang universe; thus, larger regions of space could have come into causal contact at that temperature. This opens the possibility that large regions became smooth at some high temperature without violating causality. The extra aging of the universe can be accomplished by an early period with a large Planck mass, a period we call the MAD era (Modified Aging era or the Massively Aged and Detained era). We discuss in this paper theories of gravity in which the gravitational constant is replaced with a function of a scalar field. However, this resolution to the smoothness problem
|
Janna J Levin and Katherine Freese
|
astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9211011
|
astro-ph/9211012
|
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] |
On the rotation of polarization by a gravitational lens
|
It is proved that the field of a gravitational lens induces no rotation in the polarization vector of electromagnetic radiation, in agreement with the previous literature, but with a different approach. The result is generalized to the case of less conventional gravitational lenses (static cosmic strings and gravitational waves).
|
Valerio Faraoni
|
astro-ph
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9211012
|
astro-ph/9211013
|
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] |
Particle Astrophysics after COBE: Blois92 Summary Talk
|
The IV Rencontres de Blois, on Particle Astrophysics, held at the Ch\^ateau de Blois, June 15-20, 1992, was a meeting well-timed for a reconsideration of the issues in particle astrophysics in the light of the COBE discovery of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) fluctuations. This is a summary of what I thought were the most interesting things discussed at Blois: (1) The near-success of Cold Dark Matter (CDM) in predicting the COBE fluctuation amplitude, which favors the hypothesis that structure formed in the universe through gravitational collapse. (2) The indications that $\Omega\approx1$ and that the power spectrum has a little more power on supercluster and larger scales than CDM. These are suggested by the IRAS and CfA redshift surveys and POTENT galaxy peculiar velocity analysis, and also by the COBE data. (3) The consequent demise of CDM and the rise of hybrid schemes such as Cold+Hot Dark Matter (C+HDM). (4) The possible implications for neutrino masses and mixings, and for cosmology, of the recent results on solar neutrinos. (5) The first discovery of TeV $\gamma$ rays from an extragalactic source, which was announced at Blois. I also summarize here a number of the exciting ongoing and planned experiments and observations discussed at Blois: CERN experiments on $\nu_\mu \nu_\tau$ oscillations, which may be sufficiently sensitive to detect the $\nu_\tau$ if
|
Joel R. Primack
|
astro-ph hep-ph
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9211013
|
astro-ph/9211014
|
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] |
On the General Properties of Matter
|
By means of a general classification of the different kinds of matter of nature form a chain from the world of the subatomic particles to the large bodies of the universe, the galaxies. Then, it proposes a new baryonic force for the universe that is the fifth force which has been proposed in the literature. It explains the universal expansion itself and shows why the expansion must be slowing down at present. This force depends on the ratio of the number of neutrons to the number of protons. Its potential for the Universe is a well. At the bottom of the well the potential is of the form $kx^2$, where $x$ is the separation among the bodies under consideration. It is suggested that Nature has six fundamental forces which are unified in pairs and, therefore, reduced to three at $t=0$. The condition for having a closed universe is found. This new force, called superweak force in this paper, explains also the evolution of galaxies and shows how the arms of spiral galaxies(including barred spirals) are formed. The variation of the Hubble constant with time is shown. It is shown that quarks are formed of prequarks which may be the true elementary particles. The paper also gives a physical explanation for quark confinement. The energies of baryon states are calculated in a simple manner. The paper proposes the existence of four more bosons, one for the superweak interaction and three for the superstrong interaction. The six figures will be sent by mail upon request.
|
Mario Everaldo de Souza (Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil)
|
astro-ph
|
November
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9211014
|
astro-ph/9212001
|
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] |
A rotating black hole in the Galactic Center
|
Recent observations of Sgr A* give strong constraints for possible models of the physical nature of Sgr A* and suggest the presence of a massive black~hole with M<2 10^6 M_sun surrounded by an accretion disk which we estimate to radiate at a luminosity of <7 10^5 L_sun. We therefore calculate the appearance of a standard accretion disk around a Kerr hole in Sgr A* following from general relativity and a few fundamental assumptions. Effective temperature and luminosity of the disk spectra do not depend on the unknown viscosity mechanism but instead are quite sensitive to variations of intrinsic parameters: the mass, the accretion rate, the angular momentum of the accreting hole and the inclination angle. A radiation field of L~7 10^4 - 7 10^5 L_sun and T_eff ~ 2-4 10^4 K can be ascribed to a rapidly rotating Kerr~hole (a>0.9) accreting 10^-8.5 - 10^-7 M_sun/yr at a black~hole mass of M=2 10^6 M_sunseen almost edge on. A low mass black hole of M<10^3 M_sun seems to be very unlikely. We provide a ``Hertzsprung-Russell diagram for black holes'' together with simple scaling laws to provide an easy-to-handle test for the black hole model.
|
Heino Falcke, Peter L. Biermann, Wolfgang J. Duschl and Peter G. Mezger
|
astro-ph
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9212001
|
astro-ph/9212002
|
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] |
Structure in a Loitering Universe
|
We study the formation of structure for a universe that undergoes a recent loitering phase. We compare the nonlinear mass distribution to that in a standard, matter dominated cosmology. The statistical aspects of the clustered matter are found to be robust to changes in the expansion law, an exception being that the peculiar velocities are lower by a factor of $\sim 3$ in the loitering model. Further, in the loitering scenario, nonlinear growth of perturbation occurs more recently ($z\sim 3-5$) than in the matter dominated case. Differences in the high redshift appearances of the two models will result but observable consequences depend critically on the chosen form, onset and duration of the loitering phase.
|
Hume A. Feldman and August E. Evrard
|
astro-ph hep-ph
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9212002
|
astro-ph/9212003
|
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] |
Gravity's rainbow
|
Could COBE DMR be detecting the imprint from a spectrum of gravitational waves generated during inflation? The conventional inflationary prediction had been that the cosmic microwave anisotropy is dominated by energy density fluctuations generated during inflation and that the gravitational waves contribute negligibly. In this paper, we report on recent work (in collaboration with R. Davis, H. Hodges, and M. Turner) that has shown that the conventional wisdom may be wrong; specifically, gravitational waves may dominate the anisotropy in inflationary models where the spectrum of perturbations deviates significantly from scale invariance (e.g., extended and power-law inflation models and extreme versions of chaotic inflation). If gravitational waves do dominate at the large-angular scales measured by COBE DMR, the expectation and interpretation of anisotropies on small-angular scales is profoundly altered. Invited Paper for Proceedings of the Journees Relativistes, Amsterdam, May 14-16, 1992
|
George F. Smoot and Paul J. Steinhardt
|
astro-ph
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9212003
|
astro-ph/9212004
|
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] |
Recent advances in extended inflationary cosmology
|
Extended inflation is a promising new approach to implementing the inflationary universe scenario. This paper reviews recent advances including a new, more robust mechanism for ending extended inflation, a new prediction for the density fluctuation spectrum generated by extended inflation, and the discovery that extended inflation can produce gravitational waves that can significantly add to the cosmic background anisotropy. Invited Talk at the Journees Relativistes, Amsterdam, May 14-16, 1992
|
Paul J. Steinhardt
|
astro-ph
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9212004
|
astro-ph/9212005
|
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] |
The Escape of Gravitational Radiation from the Field of Massive Bodies
|
We consider a compact source of gravitational waves of frequency $\omega$, in or near a massive spherically symmetric distribution of matter or a black hole. Recent calculations have led to apparently contradictory results for the influence of the massive body on the propagation of the waves. We show here that the results are in fact consistent and in agreement with the ``standard'' viewpoint in which the high frequency compact source produces the radiation as if in a flat background, and the background curvature affects the propagation of these waves.
|
Richard H. Price, Jorge Pullin and Prasun Kundu
|
astro-ph gr-qc
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9212005
|
astro-ph/9212006
|
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] |
Two Populations and Models of Gamma Ray Bursts
|
Gamma-ray burst statistics are best explained by a source population at cosmological distances, while spectroscopy and intensity histories of some individual bursts imply an origin on Galactic neutron stars. To resolve this inconsistency I suggest the presence of two populations, one at cosmological distances and the other Galactic. I build on ideas of Shemi and Piran (1990) and of M\'esz\'aros and Rees (1993) involving the interaction of fireball debris with surrounding clouds to explain the observed intensity histories in bursts at cosmological distances. The distances to the Galactic population are undetermined because they are too few to affect the statistics of intensity and direction; I explain them as resulting from magnetic reconnection in neutron star magnetospheres.
|
J. I. Katz
|
astro-ph
|
December
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9212006
|
cond-mat/9204001
|
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] |
Universal quantum critical dynamics of two-dimensional antiferromagnets
|
The universal dynamic and static properties of two dimensional antiferromagnets in the vicinity of a zero-temperature phase transition from long-range magnetic order to a quantum disordered phase are studied. Random antiferromagnets with both N\'{e}el and spin-glass long-range magnetic order are considered. Explicit quantum-critical dynamic scaling functions are computed in a 1/N expansion to two-loops for certain non-random, frustrated square lattice antiferromagnets. Implications for neutron scattering experiments on the doped cuprates are noted.
|
Subir Sachdev and Jinwu Ye
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204001
|
cond-mat/9204002
|
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] |
Spin Singlet Quantum Hall Effect and Nonabelian Landau-Ginzburg Theory
|
We show that the Halperin-Haldane SQHE wave function can be written in the form of a product of a wave function for charged semions in a magnetic field and a wave function for the Chiral Spin Liquid of neutral spin-$\12$ semions. We introduce field-theoretic model in which the electron operators are factorized in terms of charged spinless semions (holons) and neutral spin-$\12$ semions (spinons). Broken time reversal symmetry and short ranged spin correlations lead to $SU(2)_{k=1}$ Chern-Simons term in Landau-Ginzburg action for SQHE phase. We construct appropriate coherent states for SQHE phase and show the existence of $SU(2)$ valued gauge potential. This potential appears as a result of ``spin rigidity" of the ground state against any displacements of nodes of wave function from positions of the particles and reflects the nontrivial monodromy in the presence of these displacements. We argue that topological structure of $SU(2)_{k=1}$ Chern-Simons theory unambiguously dictates {\it semion} statistics of spinons.
|
Alexander Balatsky (Los Alamos National Laboratory)
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204002
|
cond-mat/9204003
|
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] |
A novel class of singlet superconductors
|
A new class of singlet superconductors with a gap function $\Delta(\bk, \omega_n)$ which is {\it odd} in both momentum and Matsubara frequency is considered. Some of the physical properties of this superconductivity are discussed and it is argued that: i) the electron-phonon interaction can produce this kind of pairing, ii) in many cases there is no gap in the quasiparticle spectrum, iii) these superconductors will exhibit a Meissner effect.
|
Alexander Balatsky and Elihu Abrahams
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204003
|
cond-mat/9204004
|
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] |
Physics beyond quasi-particles: Spectrum and completeness of the 3 state superintegrable chiral Potts model
|
We find the rules which count the energy levels of the 3 state superintegrable chiral Potts model and demonstrate that these rules are complete. We then derive the complete spectrum of excitations in the thermodynamic limit in the massive phase and demonstrate the existence of excitations which do not have a quasi-particle form. The physics of these excitations is compared with the BCS superconductivity spectrum and the counting rules are compared with the closely related $S=1$ XXZ spin chain.
|
Srinandan Dasmahapatra, Rinat Kedem and Barry M. McCoy
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204004
|
cond-mat/9204005
|
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] |
Investigations of Pairing in Anyon Systems
|
We investigate pairing instabilities in the Fermi-liquid-like state of a single species of anyons. We describe the anyons as Fermions interacting with a Chern-Simons gauge field and consider the weak coupling limit where their statistics approaches that of Fermions. We show that, within the conventional BCS approach, due to induced repulsive Coulomb and current-current interactions, the attractive Aharonov-Bohm interaction is not sufficient to generate a gap in the Fermion spectrum.
|
M.I.Dobroliubov, I.I.Kogan, and G.W.Semenoff
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204005
|
cond-mat/9204006
|
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] |
Chirality Ordering of Chiral Spin Liquids
|
We study the effect of introducing a weak antiferromagnetic interplanar exchange coupling in the two dimensional frustrated Heisenberg model. We show that a ferromagnetic(FM) ordering of chirality - {\it i.e.}, same chirality on adjacent planes - is energetically favoured, thus leading to bulk violation of the discrete symmetries parity($P$) and time reversal($T$).
|
D. M. Gaitonde, Dileep P. Jatkar and Sumathi Rao
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204006
|
cond-mat/9204007
|
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] |
Theory of Directed Polymers
|
We develop a theory of polymers in a nematic solvent by exploiting an analogy with two-dimensional quantum bosons at zero temperature. We argue that the theory should also describe polymers in an {\sl isotropic} solvent. The dense phase is analyzed in a Bogoliubov-like approximation, which assumes a broken symmetry in the phase of the boson order parameter. We find a stiffening of the longitudinal fluctuations of the nematic field, calculate the density-density correlation function, and extend the analysis to the case of ferro- and electrorheological fluids. The boson formalism is used to derive a simple hydrodynamic theory which is indistinguishable from the corresponding theory of polymer nematics in an isotropic solvent at long wavelengths. We also use hydrodynamics to discuss the physical meaning of the boson order parameter. A renormalization group treatment in the dilute limit shows that logarithmic corrections to polymer wandering, predicted by de Gennes, are unaffected by interpolymer interactions. A continuously variable Flory exponent appears for polymers embedded in a {\sl two}-dimensional nematic solvent. We include free polymer ends and hairpin configurations in the theory and show that hairpins are described by an Ising-like symmetry-breaking term in the boson field theory.
|
R.D. Kamien, P. Le Doussal, and D.R. Nelson
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204007
|
cond-mat/9204008
|
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] |
Image of the Energy Gap Anisotropy in the Vibrational Spectum of a High Temperature Superconductor
|
We present a new method of determining the anisotropy of the gap function in layered high-Tc superconductors. Careful inelastic neutron scattering measurements at low temperature of the phonon dispersion curves in the (100) direction in La_(1.85)Sr_(.15)CuO_4 would determine whether the gap is predominately s-wave or d-wave. We also propose an experiment to determine the gap at each point on a quasi-two-dimensional Fermi surface.
|
Michael E. Flatte
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204008
|
cond-mat/9204009
|
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] |
Order Parameters, Broken Symmetry, and Topology
|
We introduce the theoretical framework we use to study the bewildering variety of phases in condensed--matter physics. We emphasize the importance of the breaking of symmetries, and develop the idea of an order parameter through several examples. We discuss elementary excitations and the topological theory of defects.
|
James P. Sethna
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204009
|
cond-mat/9204010
|
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] |
Meissner Effect and Constraints
|
We notice some beautiful geometrical defects found in liquid crystals, and explain them by imposing a constraint. We study the way constraints can occur, and introduce the concept of massive fields. We develop the theory of magnetic field expulsion in superconductors as an example. We notice strong analogies with the formation of grain boundaries in crystals, and realize that we do not understand crystals very deeply
|
James P. Sethna, Ming Huang
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204010
|
cond-mat/9204011
|
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] |
Fredholm Determinant Representation for Correlation Functions in XXO Heisenberg Chain
|
Space and time dependent temepreture correlation fucntions in the Hiesenberg XXO chain are evaluated in the magnetic field. The other name of the model is isotropic xy model in the transverse magnetic field. In the thermodynamic limit correlations in the model are represented as Fredhom determinanat. We expect this to to solve the problem of evaluation of asymptotics of temperature correlations.
|
F.Colomo, A.G. Izergin, V. Korepin
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204011
|
cond-mat/9204012
|
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] |
Tweed in Martensites: A Potential New Spin Glass
|
We've been studying the ``tweed'' precursors above the martensitic transition in shape--memory alloys. These characteristic cross--hatched modulations occur for hundreds of degrees above the first--order shape--changing transition. Our two--dimensional model for this transition, in the limit of infinite elastic anisotropy, can be mapped onto a spin--glass Hamiltonian in a random field. We suggest that the tweed precursors are a direct analogy of the spin--glass phase. The tweed is intermediate between the high--temperature cubic phase and the low--temperature martensitic phase in the same way as the spin--glass phase can be intermediate between ferromagnet and antiferromagnet.
|
James P. Sethna, Sivan Kartha, Teresa Cast'an, and James A. Krumhansl
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204012
|
cond-mat/9204013
|
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] |
Beyond the ``principle of local symmetry'': derivation of a general crack propagation law
|
We derive a general crack propagation law for slow brittle cracking, in two and three dimensions, using symmetry, gauge invariance, and gradient expansions. Our derivation provides explicit justification for the ``principle of local symmetry,'' which has been used extensively to describe two dimensional crack growth, but goes beyond that principle to describe three dimensional crack phenomena as well. We also find that there are new materials properties needed to describe the growth of general cracks in three dimensions, besides the fracture toughness and elastic constants previously used to describe cracking.
|
Jennifer Hodgdon and James P. Sethna
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204013
|
cond-mat/9204014
|
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] |
Blockspin Cluster Algorithms for Quantum Spin Systems
|
Cluster algorithms are developed for simulating quantum spin systems like the one- and two-dimensional Heisenberg ferro- and anti-ferromagnets. The corresponding two- and three-dimensional classical spin models with four-spin couplings are maped to blockspin models with two-blockspin interactions. Clusters of blockspins are updated collectively. The efficiency of the method is investigated in detail for one-dimensional spin chains. Then in most cases the new algorithms solve the problems of slowing down from which standard algorithms are suffering.
|
U.-J. Wiese and H.-P. Ying
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204014
|
cond-mat/9204015
|
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] |
Logarithmically slow domain growth in nonrandomly frustrated systems: Ising models with competing interactions
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It is known that in systems which contain randomness explicitly in their Hamiltonians (e.g., due to impurities), the characteristic size L of the ordered domains can grow only logarithmically with time t following a quench below the transition temperature. However, in systems without such imposed randomness, much faster power law growth has generally been predicted. Motivated by the slow dynamics present in glasses, we have been looking for counterexamples, i.e., for models without randomness which nonetheless order logarithmically slowly. Here, we discuss two closely related models for which we have simple physical arguments that such slow growth occurs. The basis of these arguments is the claim that the free energy barriers to domain growth in these models are proportional to L. Thus, the barriers grow as the domains coarsen. We present the results of Monte Carlo simulations, which lend strong support to our claims of growing barriers and logarithmically slow dynamics. Finally, we discuss how quickly the system orders when it is cooled continuously through the transition (rather than quenched).
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Joel D. Shore, Mark Holzer, and James P. Sethna
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cond-mat
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April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204015
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cond-mat/9204016
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] |
Logarithmically slow domain growth in nonrandomly frustrated systems--- A summary of the major results
|
Here, we summarize the most important results of our study of logarithmically slow growth of domains following a quench in two models without randomness in their Hamiltonians. This is a slightly updated version of a paper to appear in the Proceedings of the 1st Annual Tohwa University International Symposium, Fukuoka, Japan (American Institute of Physics, 1992). It is meant to serve as a brief summary of cond-mat/9204015 for those who do not wish to read all the details contained therein (and don't want to hassle with 2 MBytes of tex/ps files).
|
Joel D. Shore, James P. Sethna, Mark Holzer, and Veit Elser
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204016
|
cond-mat/9204017
|
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] |
On Models with Inverse-Square Exchange
|
A one-dimensional quantum N-body system of either fermions or bosons with $SU(n)$ colors interacting via inverse-square exchange is presented in this article. A class of eigenstates of both the continuum and lattice version of the model Hamiltonians is constructed in terms of the Jastrow-product type wave function. The class of states we construct in this paper corresponds to the ground state and the low energy excitations of the model that can be described by the effective harmonic fluid Hamiltonian. By expanding the energy about the ground state we find the harmonic fluid parameters (i.e. the charge, spin velocities, etc.), explicitly. The correlation exponent and the compressibility of are also found. As expected the general harmonic relation(i.e. $v_S=(v_Nv_J)^{1/2}$) is satisfied among the charge and spin velocities.
|
Z.N.C. Ha and F.D.M. Haldane
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204017
|
cond-mat/9204018
|
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] |
Absence of Dipole Transitions in Vortices of Type II Superconductors
|
The response of a single vortex to a time dependent field is examined microscopically and an equation of motion for vortex motion at non-zero frequencies is derived. Of interest are frequencies near $\Delta^{2}/E_{F}$, where $\Delta$ is the bulk energy gap and $E_{F}$ is the fermi energy. The low temperature, clean, extreme type II limit and maintaining of equilibrium with the lattice are assumed. A simplification occurs for large planar mass anisotropy. Thus the results may be pertinent to materials such as $NbSe_2$ and high temperature superconductors. The expected dipole transition between core states is hidden because of the self consistent nature of the vortex potential. Instead the vortex itself moves and has a resonance at the frequency of the transition.
|
Theodore C. Hsu (CRTBT-CNRS, Grenoble France)
|
cond-mat
|
April
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9204018
|
cond-mat/9205001
|
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] |
Coulomb drag between two-dimensional electron systems
|
The Coulomb contribution to the temperature-dependent rate of momentum transfer, $1/\tau_D$, between two electron systems in parallel layers is determined by setting up two coupled Boltzmann equations, with the boundary condition that no current flows in the layer where an induced voltage is measured. The effective Coulomb interaction between the layers is determined selfconsistently, allowing for the finite thickness of the layers. As $T\rightarrow 0$, we find that $1/\tau_DT^2$ approaches a constant value. At higher temperatures $1/\tau_DT^2$ exhibits a maximum at $T=T_{\rm max}$ and then decreases as $1/T$ with increasing temperature. The value of $T_{\rm max}$ depends on the layer separation $d$ according to $T_{\rm max}\propto d^{-\alpha}$, where $\alpha\simeq 0.8$. The overall magnitude of the calculated $1/\tau_D$ is approximately one half of the results of a recent experiment, suggesting that other mechanisms of momentum transfer may be important.
|
Antti-Pekka Jauho and Henrik Smith
|
cond-mat
|
May
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9205001
|
cond-mat/9205002
|
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0.5283493995666504,
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1.3555388450622559,
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] |
Roughening of Reconstructed Crystal Surfaces and the Hubbard Model
|
We consider a model of a reconstructed crystal surface, first considered by Villain and Vilfan (Europhys. Lett. 12, p. 523 (1990) and Surf. Sci. 257, p. 368 (1991)) for the gold (110) surface, in which roughening occurs via the formation of anisotropic steps traversing the entire length of the crystal. The model is studied by a mapping to a spin--1/2 Fermion system in 1+1 dimensions, which, in the absence of islands, is precisely the Hubbard model. We consider a general $\pbyo$ reconstruction, in the presence of inter--step interactions and closed islands. Our analysis predicts the existence of a new type of rough phase, with incommensurate correlations in the reconstruction order parameter and unusual momentum space singularities at a characteristic ``Fermi momentum'' and its harmonics, analagous to the Luttinger liquid of one--dimensional Fermions. The general phase structure for $p>1$ is as follows: for $p>2$, there is a flat ordered (FO), a rough incommensurate (RI), and a flat incommensurate phase (FI). The FO--RI and FO--FI transitions are of the commensurate to incommensurate type, and the FI--RI transition is in the Kosterlitz--Thouless (KT) universality class. For $p=2$, the FI phase is replaced by a flat disordered phase (FD), and there may be a new rough disordered phase (RD). The FO--FD transition is now of Ising type, and the FD--RD and RI--RD transitions are in the KT universality class.
|
Leon Balents and Mehran Kardar
|
cond-mat
|
May
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9205002
|
cond-mat/9205003
|
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] |
Bilinear Quantum Monte Carlo: Expectations and Energy Differences
|
We propose a bilinear sampling algorithm in Green's function Monte Carlo for expectation values of operators that do not commute with the Hamiltonian and for differences between eigenvalues of different Hamiltonians. The integral representations of the Schroedinger equations are transformed into two equations whose solution has the form $\psi_a(x) t(x,y) \psi_b(y)$, where $\psi_a$ and $\psi_b$ are the wavefunctions for the two related systems and $t(x,y)$ is a kernel chosen to couple $x$ and $y$. The Monte Carlo process, with random walkers on the enlarged configuration space $x \otimes y$, solves these equations by generating densities whose asymptotic form is the above bilinear distribution. With such a distribution, exact Monte Carlo estimators can be obtained for the expectation values of quantum operators and for energy differences. We present results of these methods applied to several test problems, including a model integral equation, and the hydrogen atom.
|
Shiwei Zhang and M.H. Kalos
|
cond-mat
|
May
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9205003
|
cond-mat/9205004
|
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] |
Low Energy Behavior of Quantum Adsorption
|
We present an exact solution of a 1D model: a particle of incident energy $E$ colliding with a target which is a 1D harmonic ``solid slab'' with $N$ atoms in its ground state; the Hilbert space of the target is restricted to the ($N+1$) states with zero or one phonon present. For the case of a short range interaction, $V(z)$, between the particle and the surface atom supporting a bound state, an explicit non-perturbative solution of the collision problem is presented. For finite and large $N$, there is no true sticking but only so-called Feshbach resonances. A finite sticking coefficient ${\sl s}(E)$ is obtained by introducing a small phonon decay rate $\eta$ and letting $N\to\infty$. Our main interest is in the behavior of ${\sl s}(E)$ as $E\to 0$. For a short range $V(z)$, we find ${\sl s}(E)\sim E^{1/2}$, regardless of the strength of the particle-phonon coupling. However, if $V(z)$ has a Coulomb $z^{-1}$ tail, we find ${\sl s}(E)\to\alpha$, where $0 < \alpha < 1$. [A fully classical calculation gives ${\sl s}(E)\to 1$ in both cases.] We conclude that the same threshold laws apply to 3D systems of neutral and charged particles respectively.
|
D.P. Clougherty and W. Kohn
|
cond-mat
|
May
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9205004
|
cond-mat/9205005
|
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] |
Z_N Phases in Hot Gauge Theories
|
We argue that the \zn phases of hot gauge theories cannot be realized as a real system with an Hermitean density matrix.
|
Wei Chen, Mikhail Dobroliubov, and Gordon Semenoff
|
cond-mat
|
May
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9205005
|
cond-mat/9205006
|
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] |
Quaternion Generalization of the Laughlin State and the Three Dimensional Fractional QHE
|
The 3D state of strongly correlated electrons is proposed, which in the external magnetic field $\vec B$ exhibits the fractional quantum Hall effect, with the zero temperature conductivity tensor $\sigma_{ij} = (e^2/h)(1/m) \sum_k \epsilon_{ijk} B^k/\mid \vec B\mid $. The analog of Landau and Laughlin states in 3D are given using quaternion coordinates as generalization of complex coordinates. We discuss the notion of the fractional statistics in 3D introduced recently by Haldane.
|
A. V. Balatsky
|
cond-mat
|
May
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9205006
|
cond-mat/9205007
|
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0.8156440854072571,
1.3535715341567993,
0.005822482984513044,
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] |
Theory of Thermodynamic Magnetic Oscillations in Quasi-One-Dimensional Conductors
|
The second order correction to free energy due to the interaction between electrons is calculated for a quasi-one-dimensional conductor exposed to a magnetic field perpendicular to the chains. It is found that specific heat, magnetization and torque oscillate when the magnetic field is rotated in the plane perpendicular to the chains or when the magnitude of magnetic filed is changed. This new mechanism of thermodynamic magnetic oscillations in metals, which is not related to the presence of any closed electron orbits, is applied to explain behavior of the organic conductor (TMTSF)$_2$ClO$_4$.
|
Victor M. Yakovenko
|
cond-mat
|
May
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9205007
|
cond-mat/9205008
|
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] |
Metals in high magnetic field: a new universality class of Fermi liquids
|
Parquet equations, describing the competition between superconducting and density-wave instabilities, are solved for a three-dimensional isotropic metal in a high magnetic field when only the lowest Landau level is filled. In the case of a repulsive interaction between electrons, a phase transition to the density-wave state is found at finite temperature. In the opposite case of attractive interaction, no phase transition is found. With decreasing temperature $T$, the effective vertex of interaction between electrons renormalizes toward a one-dimensional limit in a self-similar way with the characteristic length (transverse to the magnetic field) decreasing as $\ln^{-1/6}(\omega_c/T)$ ($\omega_c$ is a cutoff). Correlation functions have new forms, previously unknown for conventional one-dimensional or three-dimensional Fermi-liquids.
|
Victor M. Yakovenko
|
cond-mat
|
May
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9205008
|
cond-mat/9205009
|
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] |
Determinant Representation for time and temperature dependent correlation functions in the isotropic XY model in the transverse magnetic field
|
Astymptotics of temperature correlations is the most dificult problem of stat. mech. Recently it was solved for the impenetrable Bose Gas. The idea is to represent correlation function as $\tau$ function of calssical completely integrable differential equation. Now we start to apply this program to isotropic XY model in the trasnsverse magnetic field. In this paper we are making first step. We representing correlation function as detrminanat of an integral operator.
|
F. Colomo, A. Izergin, V. Korepin, V. Tognetti
|
cond-mat
|
May
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9205009
|
cond-mat/9205010
|
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] |
Elastic String in a Random Potential
|
We have studied numerically the dynamics of a directed elastic string in a two-dimensional array of quenched random impurities. The string is driven by a constant transverse force and thermal fluctuations are neglected. There is a transition from pinned to unpinned behavior at a critical value $F_T$ of the driving force. At the transition the average string velocity scales with the driving force. The scaling is equally well described by a power law $v_d\sim (F-F_T)^\zeta$, with $\zeta=0.24\pm0.1$, or by a logarithm, $v_d\sim1/\ln(F-F_T)$. The divergence of the velocity-velocity correlation length at threshold is characterized by an exponent $\nu=1.05\pm0.1$.
|
M. Dong, M.C. Marchetti, A. Alan Middleton, V. Vinokur
|
cond-mat
|
May
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9205010
|
cond-mat/9205011
|
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] |
Thermal Rounding of the Charge Density Wave Depinning Transition
|
The rounding of the charge density wave depinning transition by thermal noise is examined. Hops by localized modes over small barriers trigger ``avalanches'', resulting in a creep velocity much larger than that expected from comparing thermal energies with typical barriers. For a field equal to the $T=0$ depinning field, the creep velocity is predicted to have a {\em power-law} dependence on the temperature $T$; numerical computations confirm this result. The predicted order of magnitude of the thermal rounding of the depinning transition is consistent with rounding seen in experiment.
|
A. Alan Middleton
|
cond-mat
|
May
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9205011
|
cond-mat/9205012
|
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] |
Dispersion of the Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility in C_{60} Calculated with a Tight-Binding Model
|
The frequency dependence of third harmonic generation (THG) in C_{60} is calculated, making use of a tight-binding model for pi-electrons. The magnitudes of the THG, about 10^{-12} esu, near zero frequency, agree with those in experiments for the low-energy region. We can also explain the order of the magnitude, 10^{-11} esu, around the three-photon resonance peak due to the lowest allowed excitation, recently measured by Meth et al. At higher energies, we predict a large enhancement of the THG at 3 omega \sim 6eV as a result of double resonance enhancement.
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Kikuo Harigaya and Shuji Abe (Fundamental Physics Section, Electrotechnical Laboratory, Japan)
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cond-mat
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May
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9205012
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cond-mat/9205013
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] |
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Compressible Fluid Flow in Two-Dimensional Channels
|
We study compressible fluid flow in narrow two-dimensional channels using a novel molecular dynamics simulation method. In the simulation area, an upstream source is maintained at constant density and temperature while a downstream reservoir is kept at vacuum. The channel is sufficiently long in the direction of the flow that the finite length has little effect on the properties of the fluid in the central region. The simulated system is represented by an efficient data structure, whose internal elements are created and manipulated dynamically in a layered fashion. Consequently the code is highly efficient and manifests completely linear performance in simulations of large systems. We obtain the steady-state velocity, temperature, and density distributions in the system. The velocity distribution across the channel is very nearly a quadratic function of the distance from the center of the channel and reveals velocity slip at the boundaries; the temperature distribution is only approximately a quartic function of this distance from the center to the channel. The density distribution across the channel is non-uniform. We attribute this non-uniformity to the relatively high Mach number, approximately 0.5, in the fluid flow. An equation for the density distribution based on simple compressibility arguments is proposed; its predictions agree well with the simulation results. Validity of the concept of local dynamic temperature and the variation of the temperature along the channel are discussed.
|
M. Sun and C. Ebner (Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH)
|
cond-mat
|
May
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9205013
|
cond-mat/9205014
|
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] |
Lattice distortion and energy level structures in doped C_{60} and C_{70} studied with the extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model: Polaron excitations and optical absorption
|
We extend the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model of polyacetylene to C_{60} and C_{70} molecules, and solve numerically. The calculations of the undoped systems agree well with the known results. When the system (C_{60} or C_{70}) is doped with one or two electrons (or holes), the additional charges accumulate almost along an equatorial line of the molecule. The dimerization becomes weaker almost along the same line. Two energy levels intrude largely in the gap. The intrusion is larger in C_{70} than in C_{60}. Therefore, ``polarons'' are predicted in doped buckminster- fullerenes. We calculate optical absorption coefficient for C_{60} in order to look at how ``polarons'' will be observed. It is predicted that there appears a new peak at the lower energy than the intergap transition peaks. It is also found that C_{60} and C_{70} are related mutually with respect to electronical structures as well as lattice geometries. (to be published in Phys. Rev. B 45, June 15 issue)
|
Kikuo Harigaya (Fundamental Physics Section, Electrotechnical Laboratory, Japan)
|
cond-mat
|
May
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9205014
|
cond-mat/9205015
|
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] |
Dynamic scaling and quasi-ordered states in the two dimensional Swift-Hohenberg equation
|
The process of pattern formation in the two dimensional Swift-Hohenberg equation is examined through numerical and analytic methods. Dynamic scaling relationships are developed for the collective ordering of convective rolls in the limit of infinite aspect ratio. The stationary solutions are shown to be strongly influenced by the strength of noise. Stationary states for small and large noise strengths appear to be quasi-ordered and disordered respectively. The dynamics of ordering from an initially inhomogeneous state is very slow in the former case and fast in the latter. Both numerical and analytic calculations indicate that the slow dynamics can be characterized by a simple scaling relationship, with a characteristic dynamic exponent of $1/4$ in the intermediate time regime.
|
K.R. Elder (1), Jorge Vi\~nals (2) and Martin Grant (1) ((1) Department of Physics, McGill University, Rutherford Building...
|
cond-mat
|
May
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9205015
|
cond-mat/9205016
|
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] |
C_{60} with O defects: Localized states in the gap and oxygen clustering
|
We propose a Su-Schrieffer-Heeger type electron-phonon model for C_{60} with O defects and solve by the adiabatic approximation. Two new properties are obtained. (1) The dimerization becomes weaker around the oxygen. Two localized states appear deep in the gap. Optical transition between them is allowed. This accords with the recent optical absorption data. (2) Oxygens are predicted to cluster on the surface of $\soc$. PACS numbers: 3640, 7155, 6165, 3120P
|
Kikuo Harigaya (Fundamental Physics Section, Electrotechnical Laboratory, Japan)
|
cond-mat
|
May
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9205016
|
cond-mat/9206001
|
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0.35053515434265137,
0.160349503159523,
0.21715132892131805,
-0.06347882002592087
] |
Self Organization and a Dynamical Transition in Traffic Flow Models
|
A simple model that describes traffic flow in two dimensions is studied. A sharp {\it jamming transition } is found that separates between the low density dynamical phase in which all cars move at maximal speed and the high density jammed phase in which they are all stuck. Self organization effects in both phases are studied and discussed.
|
Ofer Biham, A. Alan Middleton and Dov Levine
|
cond-mat
|
June
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9206001
|
cond-mat/9206002
|
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] |
Twisted Boundary Conditions and the Adiabatic Ground State for the Attractive XXZ Luttinger Liquid
|
The one-dimensional attractive lattice fermion gas equivalent to the Heisenberg-Ising spin 1/2 chain is studied for a ring geometry threaded by magnetic flux. We find that for charged fermions having interaction strength $\Delta=\cos(\pi / p)$ with $p$ {\it noninteger}, the adiabatic ground state is periodic in the magnetic flux threading the chain, with period 2 flux quanta, as found by Shastry and Sutherland for the repulsive case. We find that, at particular values of the threading field, a sequence of initially zero-energy bound states form at the Fermi surface during the adiabatic process, the largest containing $[p]$ (the integer part of $p$) fermions. This largest bound state moves around to the other Fermi point and sequentially unbinds. We find Berry's Phase for the whole process to be $[p] \pi$. For $p$ {\it integer}, as $\Phi$ increases, eventually all the particles in the system go into bound states of size $[p]$. The period in this case is of order the size of the system.
|
Naichang Yu and Michael Fowler
|
cond-mat
|
June
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9206002
|
cond-mat/9206003
|
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] |
Interactions for odd-omega gap singlet superconductors
|
A class of singlet superconductors with a gap function $\Delta({\bf k}, \omega_n)$ which is {\it odd} in both momentum and Matsubara frequency was proposed recently \cite{ba}. To show an instability in the {\it odd} gap channel, a model phonon propagator was used with the $p$-wave interaction strength larger than the $s$-wave. We argue that the positive scattering matrix element entering the Eliashberg equations leads to a constraint on the relative strength of $p$- and $s$-wave interactions which inhibits odd pairing. However, a general spin dependent electron-electron interaction can satisfy all constraints and produce the odd singlet gap. A possibility which may lead to an odd gap is a strongly antiferromagnetically correlated system, such as a high-$T_c$ material.
|
Elihu Abrahams(Rutgers), Alexander Balatsky(Los Alamos), J.R. Schrieffer(NHMFL), Philip B. Allen(SUNY)
|
cond-mat
|
June
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9206003
|
cond-mat/9206004
|
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] |
New Dynamic Monte Carlo Renormalization Group Method
|
The dynamical critical exponent of the two-dimensional spin-flip Ising model is evaluated by a Monte Carlo renormalization group method involving a transformation in time. The results agree very well with a finite-size scaling analysis performed on the same data. The value of $z = 2.13 \pm 0.01$ is obtained, which is consistent with most recent estimates.
|
Martin-D. Lacasse (1), Jorge Vinals (2), Martin Grant(1) ((1) Centre for the Physics of Materials and Department of Physic...
|
cond-mat
|
June
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9206004
|
cond-mat/9206005
|
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] |
Dimensional Reduction of a Generalized Flux Problem
|
A generalized flux problem with Abelian and non-Abelian fluxes is considered. In the Abelian case we shall show that the generalized flux problem for tight-binding models of noninteracting electrons on either $2n$ or $2n+1$ dimensional lattice can always be reduced to a $n$ dimensional hopping problem. A residual freedom in this reduction enables to identify equivalence classes of hopping Hamiltonians which have the same spectrum. In the non-Abelian case the reduction is not possible in general unless the flux tensor factorizes into an Abelian one times an element of the corresponding algebra.
|
Alexander Moroz
|
cond-mat hep-lat hep-th
|
June
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9206005
|
cond-mat/9206006
|
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] |
Directed Polymer Blends and Quantum Critical Phenomena
|
The statistical mechanics of directed line-like objects, such as directed polymers in an external field, strands of dipoles in both ferro- and electrorheological fluids, and flux lines in high-$T_{\tiny C}$ superconductors bears a close resemblance to the quantum mechanics of bosons in $2+1$ dimensions. We show that single component and binary mixture critical phenomena in these systems are in the universality class of three dimensional uniaxial dipolar ferromagnets and ferroelectrics. Our results also apply to films of two superfluid species undergoing phase separation well below their $\lambda$-points near $T=0$. In the case of directed polymers and electrorheological fluids we analyze the effects of free ends occurring in the sample as well as a novel directionally-dependent compressibility.
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Randall D. Kamien and David R. Nelson
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cond-mat
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June
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9206006
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cond-mat/9206007
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] |
New Fermionic Description of Quantum S = 1/2 Antiferromargnet
|
A novel approach to S =1/2 antiferromagnets with strong fluctuations based on the representation of spin-1/2 operators as bylinear forms of real (Majorana) fermions is suggested. This representation has the advantage of being irreducible without any constraints on the fermionic Hilbert space. This property allows to derive an effective Hamiltonian for low-lying excitations in the spin liquid state. It is proven that these excitations are S = 1 real fermions.
|
A. M. Tsvelik
|
cond-mat
|
June
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9206007
|
cond-mat/9206008
|
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] |
The Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Driven Line Liquids
|
We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of line liquids as realized in the nonlinear motion of flux lines of a superconductor driven by an applied electric current. Our analysis suggests a transition in the dynamics of the lines from a smooth, laminar phase at small driving forces, to a rough, turbulent phase when the drive is increased. We explore the nature of these phases and describe interesting analogies to driven diffusion and growing interfaces.
|
Terence Hwa
|
cond-mat
|
June
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9206008
|
cond-mat/9206009
|
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] |
Quantum Field Theories on Manifolds with Curved Boundaries: Scalar Fields
|
A framework allowing for perturbative calculations to be carried out for quantum field theories with arbitrary smoothly curved boundaries is described. It is based on an expansion of the heat kernel derived earlier for arbitrary mixed Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. The method is applied to a general renormalisable scalar field theory in four dimensions using dimensional regularisation to two loops and expanding about arbitrary background fields. Detailed results are also specialised to an $O(n)$ symmetric model with a single coupling constant. Extra boundary terms are introduced into the action which give rise to either Dirichlet or generalised Neumann boundary conditions for the quantum fields. For plane boundaries the resulting renormalisation group functions are in accord with earlier results but here the additional terms depending on the extrinsic curvature of the boundary are found. Various consistency relations are also checked and the implications of conformal invariance at the critical point where the $\beta$ function vanishes are also derived. The local Scr\"odinger equation for the wave functional defined by the functional integral under deformations of the boundary is also verified to two loops. Its consistency with the renormalisation group to all orders in perturbation theory is discussed.
|
D.M. McAvity and H. Osborn
|
cond-mat
|
June
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9206009
|
cond-mat/9206010
|
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] |
Magnetic Properties of Undoped $C_{60}$
|
The Heisenberg antiferromagnet, which arises from the large $U$ Hubbard model, is investigated on the $C_{60}$ molecule and other fullerenes. The connectivity of $C_{60}$ leads to an exotic classical ground state with nontrivial topology. We argue that there is no phase transition in the Hubbard model as a function of $U/t$, and thus the large $U$ solution is relevant for the physical case of intermediate coupling. The system undergoes a first order metamagnetic phase transition. We also consider the S=1/2 case using perturbation theory. Experimental tests are suggested.
|
D. Coffey and S. A. Trugman
|
cond-mat
|
June
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9206010
|
cond-mat/9206011
|
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] |
Correlations for the S=1/2 Antiferromagnet on a Truncated Tetrahedron
|
The antiferromagnetic Heisenberg Hamiltonian is investigated on a truncated tetrahedron, which is a closed 12 site system. We find that the ground state has many similarities to that of $C_{60}$. We study 2- and 4-spin correlations in the classical ground state of the truncated tetrahedron and calculate the same correlations in the exact S=1/2 ground state. We find that the classical correlations survive for a range of bond strengths in the Heisenberg Hamiltonian and that one can construct a good trial wavefunction based on the classical ground state. This suggests that the correlations present in the classical ground state of $C_{60}$ also survive in the exact ground state of that system, for a range of bond strengths about the physically relevant $J_2 \approx J_1$. We calculate the momentum-space correlation function $S ( q )$, which is measurable by neutron scattering, for both $C_{12}$ and $C_{60}$. We also calculate correlations at finite temperature.
|
D. Coffey and S. A. Trugman
|
cond-mat
|
June
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9206011
|
cond-mat/9207001
|
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] |
Exact Results for a Three-Body Reaction-Diffusion System
|
A system of particles hopping on a line, singly or as merged pairs, and annihilating in groups of three on encounters, is solved exactly for certain symmetrical initial conditions. The functional form of the density is nearly identical to that found in two-body annihilation, and both systems show non-mean-field, ~1/t**(1/2) instead of ~1/t, decrease of particle density for large times.
|
Vladimir Privman
|
cond-mat hep-lat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207001
|
cond-mat/9207002
|
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] |
Model of Cluster Growth and Phase Separation: Exact Results in One Dimension
|
We present exact results for a lattice model of cluster growth in 1D. The growth mechanism involves interface hopping and pairwise annihilation supplemented by spontaneous creation of the stable-phase, +1, regions by overturning the unstable-phase, -1, spins with probability p. For cluster coarsening at phase coexistence, p=0, the conventional structure-factor scaling applies. In this limit our model falls in the class of diffusion-limited reactions A+A->inert. The +1 cluster size grows diffusively, ~t**(1/2), and the two-point correlation function obeys scaling. However, for p>0, i.e., for the dynamics of formation of stable phase from unstable phase, we find that structure-factor scaling breaks down; the length scale associated with the size of the growing +1 clusters reflects only the short-distance properties of the two-point correlations.
|
Vladimir Privman
|
cond-mat hep-lat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207002
|
cond-mat/9207003
|
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] |
Fluctuating Interfaces, Surface Tension, and Capillary Waves: An Introduction
|
We present an introduction to modern theories of interfacial fluctuations and the associated interfacial parameters: surface tension and surface stiffness, as well as their interpretation within the capillary wave model. Transfer matrix spectrum properties due to fluctuation of an interface in a long-cylinder geometry are reviewed. The roughening transition and properties of rigid interfaces below the roughening temperature in 3d lattice models are surveyed with emphasis on differences in fluctuations and transfer matrix spectral properties of rigid vs. rough interfaces.
|
Vladimir Privman
|
cond-mat astro-ph hep-lat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207003
|
cond-mat/9207004
|
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] |
Random Sequential Adsorption on a Line: Mean-Field Theory of Diffusional Relaxation
|
We develop a new fast-diffusion approximation for the kinetics of deposition of extended objects on a linear substrate, accompanied by diffusional relaxation. This new approximation plays the role of the mean-field theory for such processes and is valid over a significantly larger range than an earlier variant, which was based on a mapping to chemical reactions. In particular, continuum-limit off-lattice deposition is described naturally within our approximation. The criteria for the applicability of the mean-field theory are derived. While deposition of dimers, and marginally, trimers, is affected by fluctuations, we find that the k-mer deposition kinetics is asymptotically mean-field like for all k=4,5,..., where the limit k->infinity, when properly defined, describes deposition-diffusion kinetics in the continuum.
|
Vladimir Privman and Mustansir Barma
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207004
|
cond-mat/9207005
|
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] |
On the Harmonic Oscillator Regularization of Partition Functions
|
A convenient way to calculate $N$-particle quantum partition functions is by confining the particles in a weak harmonic potential instead of using a finite box or periodic boundary conditions. There is, however, a slightly different connection between partition functions and thermodynamic quantities with such volume regularization. This is made explicit, and its origin explained to be due to the system having a space-varying density in an external potential. Beyond perturbation theory there is a potential pitfall with the method, which is pointed out.
|
K{\aa}re Olaussen
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207005
|
cond-mat/9207006
|
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] |
Phase Diagram of a Lattice Microemulsion Model in Two Dimensions
|
The phase diagram of a lattice microemulsion model proposed by Ciach, H{\o}ye and Stell is studied using mean-field theory and Monte Carlo simulations. Surfactant directional degrees of freedom are summed out exactly before mean-field theory is applied, and the resulting phase diagrams are much improved compared with previous mean-field results. The critical line and tricritical point is located using Monte Carlo simulations and finite size scaling.
|
Per Arne Slotte
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207006
|
cond-mat/9207007
|
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] |
Low voltage conductance of small tunnel junctions
|
A discrete charge transfer in a small tunnel junction where Coulomb interactions are important can excite electron-hole pairs near the Fermi level. We use a simple model to study the associated nonequilibrium properties and found two novel effects: (i) for junctions with electrodes of the same electronic properties, a leakage current exists within the Coulomb gap even when the environmental impedance is infinite; (ii) for junctions with electrodes of different electronic properties, the differential conductance diverges when a net interaction between conduction electrons is attractive, and it is strongly suppressed for a net repulsive interaction.
|
F. Guinea and M. Ueda
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207007
|
cond-mat/9207008
|
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] |
Vortex Line Fluctuations in Model High Temperature Superconductors
|
We carry out Monte Carlo simulations of the uniformly frustrated 3d XY model as a model for vortex line fluctuations in a high Tc superconductor. A density of vortex lines of f=1/25 is considered. We find two sharp phase transitions. The low T phase is an ordered vortex line lattice. The high T normal phase is a vortex line liquid with much entangling, cutting, and loop excitations. An intermediate phase is found which is characterized as a vortex line liquid of disentangled lines. In this phase, the system displays superconducting properties in the direction parallel to the magnetic field, but normal behavior in planes perpendicular to the magnetic field.
|
Ying-Hong Li (ITP Utrecht) and S. Teitel (U of Rochester)
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207008
|
cond-mat/9207009
|
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] |
Modification of the Magnetic Flux-Line Interaction at a Superconductor's Surface
|
The pair interaction between magnetic flux lines in a semi-infinite slab of an anisotropic type-II superconductor in an external field is derived in the London limit. The case where the applied field is normal to the superconductor/vacuum interface is considered. The presence of stray fields near the surface leads to an additional contribution to the repulsive interaction between flux lines that vanishes exponentially with the distance from the interface. The pair interaction is used to obtain the continuum elastic energy of a distorted semi-infinite flux-line array. The presence of the superconductor/vacuum interface yields surface contributions to the compressional and tilt elastic constants.
|
M. Cristina Marchetti (Syracuse Univ.)
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207009
|
cond-mat/9207010
|
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] |
Unstable Periodic Orbits in the Stadium Billiard
|
A systematic numerical technique for the calculation of unstable periodic orbits in the stadium billiard is presented. All the periodic orbits up to order $p=11$ are calculated and then used to calculate the average Lyapunov exponent and the topological entropy. Applications to semiclassical quantization and to experiments in mesoscopic systems and microwave cavities are noted.
|
Ofer Biham and Mark Kvale
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207010
|
cond-mat/9207011
|
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] |
Numerical study of pattern formation following a convective instability in non-Boussinesq fluids
|
We present a numerical study of a model of pattern formation following a convective instability in a non-Boussinesq fluid. It is shown that many of the features observed in convection experiments conducted on $CO_{2}$ gas can be reproduced by using a generalized two-dimensional Swift-Hohenberg equation. The formation of hexagonal patterns, rolls and spirals is studied, as well as the transitions and competition among them. We also study nucleation and growth of hexagonal patterns and find that the front velocity in this two dimensional model is consistent with the prediction of marginal stability theory for one dimensional fronts.
|
Hao-wen Xi, Jorge Vinals and J.D. Gunton
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207011
|
cond-mat/9207012
|
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] |
Magnetic and Dynamic Properties of the Hubbard Model in Infinite Dimensions
|
An essentially exact solution of the infinite dimensional Hubbard model is made possible by using a self-consistent mapping of the Hubbard model in this limit to an effective single impurity Anderson model. Solving the latter with quantum Monte Carlo procedures enables us to obtain exact results for the one and two-particle properties of the infinite dimensional Hubbard model. In particular we find antiferromagnetism and a pseudogap in the single-particle density of states for sufficiently large values of the intrasite Coulomb interaction at half filling. Both the antiferromagnetic phase and the insulating phase above the N\'eel temperature are found to be quickly suppressed on doping. The latter is replaced by a heavy electron metal with a quasiparticle mass strongly dependent on doping as soon as $n<1$. At half filling the antiferromagnetic phase boundary agrees surprisingly well in shape and order of magnitude with results for the three dimensional Hubbard model.
|
M. Jarrell and Thomas Pruschke
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207012
|
cond-mat/9207013
|
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] |
The Majorana Fermions for Quantum S=1/2 Antiferromagnet?
|
Recently it has been suggested by A. M. Tsvelik that quantum S=1/2 antiferromagnet can be described by the Majorana fermions in an irreducible way and without any constraint. In contrast to this claim we shall show that this representation is highly reducible. It is a direct sum of four irreducible fundamental representations of $su(2)$ algebra.
|
Alexander Moroz
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207013
|
cond-mat/9207014
|
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] |
Morphology of Amorphous Layers Ballistically Deposited on a Planar Substrate
|
We report numerical simulation of the deposition of spherical particles on a planar surface, by ballistic, straight-line trajectory transport, and assuming irreversible adhesion on contact with the surface or previously deposited particles. Our data indicate that the deposit formed has a loosely layered structure within few diameters from the surface. This structure can be explained by a model of growth via chain formation. Away from the surface we found evidence of a monotonic, power-law approach to the bulk density. Both density and contact-statistics results suggest that the deposit formed is sparse: the space-filling fraction is about 15%, and the average number of contacts is 2. The morphology of the deposit both near the surface and in the bulk seems to be a result of competition of screening and branching; nearly half of all the spheres are either single-contact dangling ends, or branching nodes with more than two contacts.
|
B. D. Lubachevsky, V. Privman, S.C. Roy
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207014
|
cond-mat/9207015
|
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] |
Fast-diffusion mean-field theory for k-body reactions in one dimension
|
We derive an improved mean-field approximation for k-body annihilation reactions kA --> inert, for hard-core diffusing particles on a line, annihilating in groups of k neighbors with probability 0 < q <= 1. The hopping and annihilation processes are correlated to mimic chemical reactions. Our new mean-field theory accounts for hard-core particle properties and has a larger region of applicability than the standard chemical rate equation especially for large k values. Criteria for validity of the mean-field theory and its use in phenomenological data fits are derived. Numerical tests are reported for k=3,4,5,6.
|
V. Privman, M. D. Grynberg
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207015
|
cond-mat/9207016
|
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] |
Ferromagnetism of the 1-D Kondo Lattice Model: A Quantum Monte Carlo Study
|
The one dimensional Kondo lattice model is investigated using Quantum Monte Carlo and transfer matrix techniques. In the strong coupling region ferromagnetic ordering is found even at large band fillings. In the weak coupling region the system shows an RKKY like behavior.
|
Matthias Troyer and Diethelm W\"urtz
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207016
|
cond-mat/9207017
|
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] |
Transport Properties and Fluctuations in Type II Superconductors Near $H_{c2}$
|
We study the flux-flow Hall effect and thermomagnetic transport near the upper critical field \hctwo\ in extreme type-II superconductors starting from a suitable generalization of the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations. We explicitly incorporate the effects of backflow into the calculations of the local electric field and current, leading to a current which is properly divergenceless. The Hall conductivity calculated from this current agrees with other mean-field calculations which assume a uniform applied electric field (the Schmid-Caroli-Maki solution), thereby vindicating these simplified treatments. We then use these results to calculate the transverse thermomagnetic effects (the Ettingshausen and Nernst effects). The effects of thermal fluctuations and nonlocal elasticity of the flux lattice are incorporated using a method recently developed by Vecris and Pelcovits [G. Vecris and R. A. Pelcovits, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 44}, 2767 (1991)]. Our results, taken together with those of Vecris and Pelcovits, provide a rather complete description of the transport properties of the flux lattice state near \hctwo, at least within the framework of time dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory.
|
Robert J. Troy and Alan T. Dorsey
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207017
|
cond-mat/9207018
|
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] |
Vortex motion and the Hall effect in type II superconductors: a time dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory approach
|
Vortex motion in type II superconductors is studied starting from a variant of the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations, in which the order parameter relaxation time is taken to be complex. Using a method due to Gor'kov and Kopnin, we derive an equation of motion for a single vortex ($B\ll H_{c2}$) in the presence of an applied transport current. The imaginary part of the relaxation time and the normal state Hall effect both break ``particle-hole symmetry,'' and produce a component of the vortex velocity parallel to the transport current, and consequently a Hall field due to the vortex motion. Various models for the relaxation time are considered, allowing for a comparison to some phenomenological models of vortex motion in superconductors, such as the Bardeen-Stephen and Nozi\`eres-Vinen models, as well as to models of vortex motion in neutral superfluids. In addition, the transport energy, Nernst effect, and thermopower are calculated for a single vortex. Vortex bending and fluctuations can also be included within this description, resulting in a Langevin equation description of the vortex motion. The Langevin equation is used to discuss the propagation of helicon waves and the diffusional motion of a vortex line. The results are discussed in light of the rather puzzling sign change of the Hall effect which has been observed in the mixed state of the high temperature superconductors.
|
Alan T. Dorsey
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207018
|
cond-mat/9207019
|
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] |
Duality in Multi-layered Quantum Hall Systems
|
The braid group dynamics captures the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) as a manifestation of puncture phase. When the dynamics is generalized for particles on a multi-sheeted surface, we obtain new tools which determine the fractional charges, the quantum statistics, and the filling factors of the multi-layered FQHE. A many-quasi-hole wavefunction is proposed for the bilayered samples. We also predict a $\nu = 5/7$ FQHE for triple-layered samples. The viability of {\em 3-dimensional} FQHE and the application of the concept of generalized duality to anyonic superconductivity are discussed.
|
C. Ting
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207019
|
cond-mat/9207020
|
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] |
Mutual statistics, braid group, and the fractional quantum Hall effect
|
We show that the notion of mutual statistics arises naturally from the representation theory of the braid group over the multi-sheeted surface. A Hamiltonian which describes particles moving on the double-sheeted surface is proposed as a model for the bilayered fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) discovered recently. We explicitly show that the quasi-holes of the bilayered Hall fluid display fractional mutual statistics. A model for 3-dimensional FQHE using the multi-layered sample is suggested.
|
C. Ting
|
cond-mat
|
July
| 1,992 |
https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9207020
|
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