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6249
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dbpedia
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0
| 3 |
https://issuu.com/buildermagazines/docs/june_2018_leicestershire_builder_on
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en
|
June 2018 leicestershire builder online
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2018-06-17T15:32:23+00:00
|
Read June 2018 leicestershire builder online by Michael Wilkinson on Issuu and browse thousands of other publications on our platform. Start here!
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Issuu
|
https://issuu.com/buildermagazines/docs/june_2018_leicestershire_builder_on
|
Welcome to Issuu’s blog: home to product news, tips, resources, interviews (and more) related to content marketing and publishing.
Here you'll find an answer to your question.
|
||||
6249
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 25 |
https://issuu.com/claudiawebbemp/docs/leicester_local_plan_2020_-2036_-_february_2023_-_
|
en
|
Leicester Local Plan (2020-2036) Consultation Response 2023
|
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[
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2023-02-27T00:00:00+00:00
|
Response by Claudia Webbe MP to the final stage consultation by Leicester City Council in relation to the Leicester Local Plan 2020 to 2036
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Issuu
|
https://issuu.com/claudiawebbemp/docs/leicester_local_plan_2020_-2036_-_february_2023_-_
|
Welcome to Issuu’s blog: home to product news, tips, resources, interviews (and more) related to content marketing and publishing.
Here you'll find an answer to your question.
|
||||
6249
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 70 |
https://www.niche.com/places-to-live/leicester-township-buncombe-nc/reviews/
|
en
|
Leicester Township, NC Reviews
|
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[
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"Current Resident"
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2024-02-28T00:00:00
|
Explore 16 Leicester Township reviews from current residents.
|
en
|
Niche
|
https://www.niche.com/places-to-live/leicester-township-buncombe-nc/reviews/
|
The views of the mountains and the scenery here is SPECTACULAR! I would say it is the best in this category of any surrounding towns of Asheville. The downside and everyone who lives here says it- Restaurants/ cozy eateries, definitely not enough to sustain this growing community. Very little restrictions on businesses we have way too many junk car businesses that look terrible and if Another Tire shop with stacked tires against New Lei Hwy goes in I will lose my mind. This is actually is illegal in certain states. I would love to see this change and the tires placed behind the business not exposed to the street. Would love Leicester to keep its beautiful rolling farmland and still get a little more shopping and restaurants. Otherwise it is a great community to live in and we love that the city of Asheville with so much to do and the rich culture, nightlife,breweries, fabulous restaurants and shopping is just 15 min away. Wish we had a little charming downtown like Waynesville + BlkMtn
Living in Leicester has been wonderful. Leicester is a quiet country town right outside of Asheville. Being just close enough to town for shopping and dining, but not close enough that the magic of the quiet country setting is disturbed. With breath taking mountain views and the wonderful sounds of the surrounding nature it's just absolutely mesmerizing. However, like most towns and cities, Leicester is continuously growing. Meaning more houses, businesses, and roads are being put throughout Leicester. This disrupts the beautiful nature we have surrounding us. If I could change anything about Leicester I would change the growth so we can keep the magic of nature.
I really love living in my subdivision,gives me a suburban feel,yet sitting on my deck I see great mountain views.I pull out my gate and I'm in rural farm and country areas.Love the small town feel,no traffic,no noise.Would go 5 stars if we had a small town downtown like Black Mountain or Waynesville.If you want to go out you must drive to these places or downtown Asheville,not a bad thing,but wish we had more eateries in town.
|
|||||
6249
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 26 |
https://www.leicester.gov.uk/planning-and-building/property-numbering/
|
en
|
Property numbering
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
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[] | null |
We have legal duty to ensure that streets are named and properties are numbered. We aim to establish a unique, clear and logical address with an accurate location for each property.
|
en
|
/images/apple-touch-icon.png
|
https://www.leicester.gov.uk/
|
We have legal duty to ensure that streets are named and properties are numbered. We aim to establish a unique, clear and logical address with an accurate location for each property.
A registered address is important for:
Post to be delivered to the right location
Emergency services to find a property quickly
The occupier to access many services and utilities
Visitors to find where they want to go
Numbering of new properties
Owners/developers will encounter difficulties in obtaining mail, goods and services if they do not have an official address; for example, when registering with utility services, applying for a credit card or ordering goods.
It is very important that owners and developers apply to us for the street numbering process as soon as possible after work on any new build or conversion starts.
Once we have issued a development or property with numbers, we pass the information on to Royal Mail, utility companies, emergency services, council departments and other organisations.
Owners/developers need to ensure every property is clearly labelled with its official number to reduce problems with property location.
Large developments
Large developments which include new roads must contact us first, as numbers cannot be issued until a new road name has been approved. Please see the 'street naming' link above.
On new developments it is council policy not to issue numbers to individual plots until work has started on laying foundations.
Postcodes
Royal Mail will only issue a postcode to new addresses received from us. Developers should inform Royal Mail when a property is occupied so the address can be made live on their database.
If you are having problems with your address or postcode please contact Royal Mail to check they have the address registered. If Royal Mail do not have the address or it is not correct please contact us.
Contact us
|
|||||
6249
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 9 |
https://www.christmasinleicester.co.uk/privacy-policy/
|
en
|
Christmas In Leicester
|
[
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[] |
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[
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[
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2018-09-14T11:49:02
|
Who we are Our website address is: http://localhost:8888. What personal data we collect and why we collect it Comments When visitors leave comments on the s ...
|
en
|
https://www.christmasinleicester.co.uk/privacy-policy/
|
1. Introduction
Leicester City Council is strongly committed to safeguarding your privacy. This Privacy Policy explains our policy for the collection and use of information about you and your transactions with us.
We reserve the right to make changes to this Policy at any time. Your continued use of the Christmas in Leicester website will signify your acceptance of any and all changes to this Policy made by us from time to time.
Leicester City Council is the data controller in connection with any personal information collected or received by us arising from your use of the Christmas in Leicester website.
2. How we use your personal data
In this section we have set out:
the general categories of personal data that we may process
the purposes for which we may process personal data; and
the legal basis for the processing
We do not capture and store any personal information about website visitors, except where you voluntarily choose to give us your personal details via email, or by using an electronic form, or enquiring about any of our services.
We will process your personal data in accordance with the United Kingdom’s General Data Protection Regulations. We maintain strict security standards and procedures with a view to preventing unauthorised access to your data by anyone, including our staff. We use leading technologies such as (but not limited to) data encryption, fire walls and server authentication to protect the security of your data. Whenever we hire third parties to provide support services, we will require them to observe our privacy standards and to allow us to audit them for compliance.
2.1 Marketing
We may process information that you provide to us for the purpose of e-newsletter subscriptions and competition entry. We will only use your personal information to administer your account and to provide the products and services you have requested from us.
E-newsletters – by completing the Visit Leicester e-newsletter signup page you are agreeing to receive email marketing communications from Visit Leicester, and to the Visit Leicester privacy policy.(link) These can be unsubscribed from at any time, simply by clicking the unsubscribe link at the bottom of the email.
Competitions – please check the individual terms and conditions associated with each competition. By entering our competitions and completing our entry forms you are agreeing to your data being processed in line with competition terms and conditions.
Visit Leicester does not sell, rent or lease its customer lists to third parties. Visit Leicester may, from time to time, contact you on behalf of external business partners about a particular offering that may be of interest to you. In such an instance, your unique personally identifiable information (e-mail, name, address, telephone number) is not transferred to the third party.
The legal basis for this processing is consent.
2.3 User Generated Content
2.3.1 Social Media
If you use any of our social network pages or applications or you use one of our products or services that allow interaction with social networks, we may receive information relating to your social network accounts. For instance:
If you click on a ‘like’, ‘+1’ or ‘tweet’ or similar, we may record the fact that you have done so. We may receive information about further interactions with this posted content (for example, if your contacts click on a link in the posted content), which we may associate with the details that we store about you.
If you ‘like’, ‘+1’ or similar one of our pages on a social network site, we may receive information about your social network profile, depending on your social network account privacy settings.
For more information and for details about how you can control access to your social network profile, you should view the privacy policy and other guidance available on your social network’s website.
2.3.2 Reviews, comments and content
Where you have uploaded comments or content to our website and made them publicly visible, we may link to, publish or publicise these materials elsewhere including in our own promotional campaigns.
The legal basis for processing in 2.3.1 and 2.3.2 is legitimate interest.
2.4 Legal Obligation
In addition to the specific purposes for which we may process your personal data set out in this section, we may also process any of your personal data where such processing is necessary for compliance with regulatory and legal obligation to which we are subject, or in order to protect your vital interests or the vital interests of another person.
3. Providing your personal data to others
We will only use your personal information to administer your account and to provide the products and services you have requested from us. We may use other third party service providers to provide data processing services for us (acting as our authorised data processors). Examples of authorised data processors could include billing and fulfilment partners, IT solution providers, data analytics providers who process information on our behalf for the purposes outlined above. For example, we may use the services of third parties to personalise content, fulfil orders, deliver packages, send postal mail and emails, send text messages (SMS), provide marketing assistance, process credit card payments, provide fraud checking services and provide customer services.
When acting as our authorised data processors, our service providers are required to only process data in accordance with our instructions, in line with this Policy, and are subject to appropriate confidentiality and security obligations.
4. International transfers of your personal data
We store your data on our secure servers in the United Kingdom and retain it for a reasonable period or as long as the law requires. However, your data may be transferred to, stored at, and processed at a destination inside or outside the European Economic Area by our partners or service providers. By submitting your personal data, you agree to this transfer, storing or processing. We will take all steps reasonably necessary to ensure that your data is treated securely and in accordance with this Policy.
5. Retention and deletion of personal data
This section sets out our data retention policies and procedure, which are designed to help ensure that we comply with our legal obligations in relation to the retention and deletion of personal data.
Personal data that we process shall only be retained for as long as necessary to administer your account and to provide the products and services you have requested from us..
Personal data will be deleted when the data subject has withdrawn consent to processing or the data is no longer up to date.
Your personal data will be retained for 5 years following the date you cease to be a client, or longer as required to meet our regulatory obligations.
Notwithstanding the other provisions of Section 6, we may retain your personal data where such retention is necessary for compliance with a legal obligation to which we are subject, or in order to protect your vital interests.
6. Links to third party sites
Some of our websites may contain links to other third party websites that are not operated by us. While we try to link only to sites that share our high standards and respect for privacy, we are not responsible for the content, security or privacy practices of those third party websites. We strongly encourage you to view the privacy and cookie policies displayed on those third party websites to find out how your personal information may be used.
7. Amendments
We may update this policy from time to time by publishing a new version on our website.
You should check this page occasionally to ensure you are happy with any changes to this policy.
If appropriate, we may notify you of changes to this policy by email or via our website.
8. Your Rights
In this section we have summarised the rights that you have under data protection law. Some of the rights are complex, and not all of the details have been included in our summaries. Accordingly, you should read the relevant laws and guidance from the regulatory authorities for a full explanation of these rights.
Your principal rights under data protection law are:
(a) the right to access;
(b) the right to rectification;
(c) the right to erasure;
(d) the right to restrict processing;
(e) the right to object to processing;
(f) the right to data portability;
(g) the right to complain to a supervisory authority; and
(h) the right to withdraw consent.
You may instruct us to provide you with any personal information we hold about you; provision of such information will be subject to the supply of appropriate evidence of your identity. For this purpose, we will usually accept a photocopy of your passport certified by a solicitor or bank plus an original copy of a utility bill showing your current address.
In practice, you will expressly agree (opt in) in advance to our use of your personal information for marketing purposes.
To the extent that the legal basis for our processing of your personal information is consent, you have the right to withdraw that consent at any time. Withdrawal will not affect the lawfulness of processing before the withdrawal.
9. About Us
The website is owned and operated by Leicester City Council.
Our principle place of business is City Hall, 115 Charles Street, Leicester LE1 1FZ
If you wish to ask us anything about data protection or want to ask for a copy of your data, you may contact our Data Protection Officer at:
Data Protection Officer
Information Governance & Risk
Legal Services
4th Floor, Rutland Wing
City Hall
115 Charles Street
Leicester
LE1 1FZ
|
||||||
6249
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 67 |
https://citypopulation.de/en/uk/eastmidlands/wards/E06000016__leicester/
|
en
|
Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location
|
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Leicester (Unitary District, United Kingdom) with population statistics, charts, map and location.
|
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|
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| null |
Contents: Subdivision
The population development in Leicester as well as related information and services (Wikipedia, Google, images).
The icon links to further information about a selected division including its population structure (gender, age groups, age distribution, country of birth, ethnic group, religion).
NameStatusPopulation
Census
2001-04-29Population
Census
2011-03-27Population
Census
2021-03-21 LeicesterUnitary District279,921329,839368,572 AbbeyWard15,29118,34422,105→ AylestoneWard10,80111,15111,944→ Beaumont LeysWard15,03517,73418,808→ BelgraveWard14,69215,85520,565→ Braunstone Park & Rowley FieldsWard18,37320,06321,023→ CastleWard11,96319,17823,681→ EvingtonWard14,23416,22517,268→ Eyres MonsellWard11,23011,52012,008→ FosseWard11,51313,21814,372→ Humberstone & HamiltonWard11,24317,41721,143→ KnightonWard16,21516,64716,826→ North EvingtonWard15,22519,11023,917→ Rushey MeadWard16,12817,22417,387→ SaffronWard9,87012,64713,887→ Spinney HillsWard11,53512,77513,039→ StoneygateWard16,95920,61821,096→ ThurncourtWard10,27211,16012,062→ TroonWard9,59811,52914,799→ WestcotesWard9,71013,00515,784→ WesternWard18,54519,66821,078→ WycliffeWard11,48014,75115,779→ East MidlandsRegion4,172,1744,533,2224,880,054
Source: UK Office for National Statistics (web).
Explanation: Wards as at December 2022. All area and population figures of wards are based on output areas. Thus, slight discrepancies are possible compared to the actual ward boundaries that are depicted in the map.
|
|||||
6249
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 49 |
https://www.gwerthwchigymru.llyw.cymru/search/show/search_view.aspx%3FID%3DNOV457577
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en
|
Paramedrau Tudalen Gwael
|
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cy
| null |
0800 222 9004
Mae'r llinellau ar agor rhwng 8:30am a 5pm o ddydd Llun i ddydd Gwener.
Rydym yn croesawu galwadau'n Gymraeg.
We welcome calls in Welsh.
|
|||||||
6249
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 50 |
https://whocanivotefor.co.uk/elections/LE1%25207HA/2465170083/
|
en
|
Election candidates in LE1%20 7HA
|
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|
http://whocanivotefor.co.uk/static/images/og_image_logo.cbb9df3abf5f.png
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No upcoming elections in LE1%20 7HA
|
en
|
http://whocanivotefor.co.uk
|
We don't know of any upcoming elections in your area.
Local and devolved elections in the UK typically happen on the first Thursday in May. By-elections and parliamentary general elections can happen at any time. Not all areas have elections each year.
Learn more about elections in the UK on the Electoral Commission website.
There may also be parish, town or community council elections in some areas.
|
||||
6249
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester,_Massachusetts
|
en
|
Leicester, Massachusetts
|
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2002-10-21T00:01:37+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester,_Massachusetts
|
Town in Massachusetts, United States
Leicester ( LEST-ər) is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 11,087 at the 2020 United States Census.[1]
History
[edit]
What is now Leicester was originally settled by the Nipmuc people and was known by them as Towtaid. On January 27, 1686,[2] the territory of eight square miles was purchased for 15 pounds by a company of nine proprietors engaged in land speculation: Joshua Lamb of Roxbury, Nathaniel Page of Bedford, Andrew Gardner of Roxbury, Benjamin Gamblin of Roxbury, Benjamin Tucker of Roxbury, John Curtice of Roxbury, Richard Draper of Boston, Samuel Ruggles of Roxbury, and Ralph Bradhurst of Roxbury. The proprietors called this land Strawberry Hill but did not make an effort to settle it for nearly 30 years due to its isolated location and the disruption of King Philip's War (1675–1678), King William's War (1688–1697), and Queen Anne's War (1702–1713).[3]
Leicester was incorporated by a vote of the Massachusetts General Court on February 15, 1713,[4] on the condition that the land be settled by 50 families within seven years.[5] Upon the grant of the General Court, the proprietors immediately set about meeting the condition of the town's incorporation. Leicester was divided into two halves, the eastern half to be distributed among settlers and the western half retained and divided among the proprietors, who had grown in number to total 22. A combined 50 parcels (so-called "house-lots") of land with 30, 40, or 50 acres each was allotted to settlers for the eastern half of Leicester for one shilling per acre, with land also set aside for schools, churches, and mills. The purchaser of each parcel was required to settle a family on their house-lot and each received 100 additional acres in another part of town for every 10 acres in their house-lot.
The town was named after Leicester, England. First selectman Samuel Green suggested the use of the name as it was where his father had originated. One of the early settlers in town was Dr. Samuel Green, who lived in a house at 2 Charlton St. in Greenville. Dr. Green trained many other doctors in the early 1700s. This constituted the first medical school in Massachusetts. The Green family was involved in the creation of both Worcester's Green Hill Park and New York City's Central Park.
First (Congregational) Church was organized in 1718 and a Baptist church in Greenville was organized in 1737.[6]
By 1744, the western part of the town, which had been a district, distinct from the eastern half from the beginning, was established as the western parish. That part of Leicester was then incorporated as the separate town of Spencer in 1753. In 1765, the northernmost part of Leicester was taken to form half of the newly incorporated district of Paxton. These districts had most of the powers of a town except that they shared a representative in the General Court with Leicester until the outbreak of the Revolutionary War in 1775. Three years after that, the southeastern part of town was taken to form a quarter of the newly incorporated town of Ward, later renamed Auburn.
Although no significant battles of the American Revolution were fought in the area, Leicester citizens played a large role in the conflict's start. At a Committee of Safety meeting in 1774, Leicester's Colonel William Henshaw declared that "we must have companies of men ready to march upon a minute's notice"—coining the term "minutemen", a nickname for the rapid-response militia members who fought in the revolution's first battles. Henshaw would later become an adjutant general to Artemas Ward, who was second in command to George Washington in the Continental Army.
Before the British troops marched to Lexington and Concord, looking for the ammunition and equipment held by the Americans, that ammunition and equipment was moved further West to four locations in the town of Leicester, including the house Dr. Green built at 2 Charlton Street. This information can be found in books held on reserve in the Leicester Public Library[citation needed]. When they heard that the British had attacked, Leicester's own Minutemen gathered on Leicester Common. They marched quickly to join with other Minutemen on April 19, 1775, to fight at the first conflict between Massachusetts residents and British troops, the Battles of Lexington and Concord. A few months later on June 17, 1775, a freed slave and Leicester resident named Peter Salem fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill, where he killed British Major John Pitcairn. Both men are memorialized in Leicester street names (Peter Salem Road, Pitcairn Avenue), as is Colonel Henshaw (Henshaw Street).
General Knox brought cannons from New York through the town of Leicester, delivering them to General Washington at Dorchester Heights. There is a monument near the Leicester Library to mark that route. These cannons caused the British to evacuate their troops from Boston, after they woke up one morning to find cannons facing them from above them.
Leicester also held a leading role in Massachusetts' second great revolution, the coming of industrialization. As early as the 1780s, Leicester's mills churned out one-third of American hand cards, which were tools for straightening fibers before spinning thread and weaving cloth. By the 1890s when Leicester industry began to fade, the town was producing one-third of all hand and machine cards in North America.
Ruth Henshaw Bascom (1772–1848), the wife of Reverend Ezekial Lysander Bascom and daughter of Colonel William Henshaw and Phebe Swan, became America's premier portrait folk artist and pastelist, producing over one thousand portraits from 1789 to 1846.
Eli Whitney, the man who invented the cotton gin and devised the idea of interchangeable parts, went to school at Leicester Academy, which eventually became Leicester High School. Ebenezer Adams, who would later be the first mathematics and natural philosophy professor at the Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire, was the academic preceptor in Leicester in 1792.[7] Leicester's Pliny Earle helped Samuel Slater build the first American mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, by building the first carding machine. This began the American Industrial Revolution. Leicester today is one of the northernmost communities within the Blackstone River Valley, National Heritage Corridor. Its early role with carding machines, and the role that Pliny Earle played with the first water-powered mill at Pawtucket, complete the case for inclusion on Leicester in this Federal NPS historic designation.
Other social leaders who came from Leicester include Charles Adams, military officer and foreign minister, born in town;[7] Emory Washburn, Harvard Law professor and governor of Massachusetts from 1854–1855; and Samuel May, a pastor and active abolitionist in the 1860s, whose house was a stop on the Underground Railroad. He also served as secretary of the Massachusetts Anti-Slave Society. His house has become a part of the Becker College campus.
In 2005, the Worcester Telegram & Gazette named Leicester one of Central Massachusetts' top ten sports towns.
Geography
[edit]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 24.7 square miles (64 km2), of which 23.4 square miles (61 km2) is land and 1.3 square miles (3.4 km2), or 5.35%, is water.
Leicester includes four distinct villages—Leicester Center, Cherry Valley (the eastern side of town, near Worcester), Rochdale (a crossroads in the southeastern corner, near the Oxford line), and Greenville (now considered to be part of Rochdale). Cherry Valley and Rochdale have separate ZIP codes from the rest of the town (01611 and 01542, respectively), but otherwise the village boundaries have no official significance, although some Cherry Valley, Rochdale, and Leicester have three separate and distinct water districts and four sewer districts. The village of Greenville is now considered part of Rochdale, as it falls within the 01542 ZIP code; the former villages of Mannville and Lakeside were destroyed to construct the Kettle Brook reservoir system, in northeastern Leicester, to supply water to Worcester.
The town is cut into quarters by two state highways, east-west Route 9 and north-south Route 56. Route 9 is called Main Street through Cherry Valley and most of the rest of town; it follows a bypass alignment called South Main Street around the Washburn Square area. The town is actively trying to encourage business development along the western end of Route 9. Route 56 north of the Leicester Center crossroads is Paxton Street; south, it is Pleasant Street until it detours along a bypass road, Huntoon Memorial Highway, that skirts the edge of Rochdale.
Spencer, now a separate town to the west, was once part of Leicester. Other municipalities bordering Leicester include Paxton along Route 56 to the north, Worcester and Auburn on the east, and Oxford and Charlton on the south. Large parts of both Paxton and Auburn were also once part of Leicester.
The end of Worcester Regional Airport's longest runway, along with much of the airport's property, is in Leicester. Additionally, most of Worcester's Kettle Brook water reservoir system is in Leicester.
Demographics
[edit]
Historical populationYearPop.±% 18502,269— 18602,748+21.1% 18702,768+0.7% 18802,779+0.4% 18903,120+12.3% 19003,416+9.5% 19103,237−5.2% 19203,635+12.3% 19304,445+22.3% 19404,851+9.1% 19506,029+24.3% 19608,177+35.6% 19709,140+11.8% 19809,446+3.3% 199010,191+7.9% 200010,471+2.7% 201010,970+4.8% 202011,087+1.1% 202211,033−0.5%* = population estimate.
Source: United States census records and Population Estimates Program data.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]
As of the census[19] of 2000, there were 10,471 people, 3,683 households, and 2,707 families residing in the town. The population density was 448.3 inhabitants per square mile (173.1/km2). There were 3,826 housing units at an average density of 163.8 per square mile (63.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.29% White, 1.28% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.74% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.31% from other races, and 1.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.75% of the population.
There were 3,683 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.1% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.5% were non-families. 21.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.21.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $55,039, and the median income for a family was $64,202. Males had a median income of $40,991 versus $27,913 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,822. About 3.2% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.3% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.
Government
[edit]
The Town of Leicester is governed by a five-member Board of Selectmen. This board appoints a town administrator, who is responsible for executive decisions in running the town. They also appoint a Superintendent of Schools, who is responsible for the education department. There is a three-member Board of Health elected by the people of the town, which has separate powers to regulate health matters. These powers are derived directly from Mass General Law chapter 111.
The legislative body of the town it the town meeting, in which all registered voters of the town may participate in approving the annual budget for the following fiscal year of July 1 through June 30. There are typically two or more town meetings each year, the annual Spring town meeting, and a special town meeting held in the Fall, and occasional other special town meetings, called for by the selectmen as the need arises.
State government State Representative(s): David LeBeouf (D) 17th Worcester State Senator(s): Michael O. Moore (D) Governor's Councilor(s): Paul DePalo (D) Federal government U.S. Representative(s): James P. McGovern (D-2nd District), U.S. Senators: Elizabeth Warren (D), Ed Markey (D)
Climate
[edit]
In a typical year, Leicester, Massachusetts temperatures fall below 50 °F (10 °C) for 195 days per year. Annual precipitation is typically 47.4 inches per year (the highest in the US) and snow covers the ground 60 days per year or 16.4% of the year (high in the US). It may be helpful to understand the yearly precipitation by imagining nine straight days of moderate rain per year. The humidity is below 60% for approximately 25.4 days, or 7% of the year.[20]
Library
[edit]
The Leicester public library began in 1801.[21][22] In fiscal year 2008, the town of Leicester spent 0.57% ($145,270) of its budget on its public library—approximately $13 per person, per year ($15.92 adjusted for inflation in 2021).[23]
Education
[edit]
Public schools
[edit]
Public school students in Leicester attend Leicester Elementary School (Grades K–4), Leicester Middle School (Grades 5–8) and Leicester High School (Grades 9–12). The high school maintains a rivalry with Auburn High School
8th graders at Leicester Middle School have a choice between going to Bay Path Regional Technical High School or Tantasqua Regional Technical High School for high school.
Notable people
[edit]
Arthur Estabrook, researcher and eugenist, was born in Leicester in 1885[24]
Samuel Joseph May, abolitionist, historian, pastor
Emory Washburn, Governor of Massachusetts from 1854–1855, Harvard Law School professor; author of leading treatise on American property law, member of the American Antiquarian Society and author of a history of Leicester
John R. Wilder, cotton merchant, born in 1816[25]
References
[edit]
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6249
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dbpedia
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3
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https://www.postcodearea.co.uk/postaltowns/leicester/le1/
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en
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demographics, local guide & statistics.
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LE1 postcode for Leicester, includes information, map & demographic data for local area, regional postal towns, crime rates, house prices and nearby hotels.
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https://www.postcodearea.co.uk/postaltowns/leicester/le1/
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Leicester (LE1)
The LE1 postcode area is located in the Leicester postcode town region, within the county of Leicestershire, and contains a total of 1614 individual postcodes.
There are 1 electoral wards in the LE1 postcode area, including Ashby-De-La-Zouch, Coalville, Hinckley, Ibstock, Leicester, Loughborough, Lutterworth, Market Harborough, Markfield, Melton Mowbray, Oakham, Wigston which come under the local authority of the Leicester Council.
Combining the whole postcode region, 16% of people in LE1 are classed as having an AB social grade, (i.e. 'white-collar' middle-upper class), compared to 27% across the UK.
This does not mean that the people of LE1 are poorer than other areas, but it may give an indication that there are areas of deprivation.
The LE1 postcode is located within the city of Leicester, which is in the East Midlands region of England. It covers much of the central part of the city, including the historic town centre, and stretches westwards from the River Soar to the M1 motorway.
The LE1 postcode district is home to a number of prominent institutions, such as the University of Leicester, De Montfort University and Leicester Royal Infirmary. Leicester Cathedral and Leicester's Norman castle are also located within this district.
The LE1 postcode covers Leicester city centre, which is a vibrant hub of culture, heritage, shopping and entertainment. The Highcross Shopping Centre is a large retail complex located in the heart of the LE1 postcode district, offering a wide array of fashion, electronics and foods. Furthermore, alongside the rows of shops, visitors to Leicester city centre can explore Leicester's art galleries and museums, such as the New Walk Museum & Art Gallery.
The LE1 postcode district is also home to a number of important cultural and religious sites. These include Jasvinder Sanghera's Karem Centre, Interfaith Centre and the National Space Centre, and New Walk Methodist Church. The city centre boasts an array of stunning architecture, from the Gothic Town Hall to the 20th century glass-fronted Phoenix Arts Centre.
The LE1 postcode district is served by a number of public transport options, such as the Leicester railway station, which offers regular services to London, Nottingham and Birmingham. Leicester also has an extensive bus network, and a series of park-and-ride sites, making it easy to access the city from the surrounding areas.
Leicester's diverse and vibrant urban scene offers a range of leisure facilities, including bars, restaurants and cinemas, as well as a number of green spaces, such as Victoria Park and River Soar Walk. With its array of award-winning attractions, first-class shopping and diverse cultural venues, the LE1 postcode district is the perfect place to explore Leicester.
Demographics
|
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6249
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dbpedia
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2
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https://www.freestoneproperties.com/neighborhoods/leicester/leicester-village/
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en
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Leicester Village Homes for Sale
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2020-04-03T15:12:32+00:00
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Northwest Asheville, NC offers homes and land for sale in Leicester Village. Choose from townhomes, lots, and single-family homes.
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en
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Freestone Properties
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https://www.freestoneproperties.com/neighborhoods/leicester/leicester-village/
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Leicester Village Homes and Land for Sale
Located on the northwest side of Asheville, NC on the way to Leicester is a unique community of townhomes, lots, and upscale single-family homes called Leicester Village. Homes range from large to luxury with open floor plans and house sizes upwards of 4,000 square feet. Asheville, NC homes for sale in Leicester Village also come with tons of space around the outside of the properties with extensive driveways.
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6249
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dbpedia
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http://tours.ryantheedephotography.com/807206%3Fa%3D1
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Timber Ridge Subdivision, Leicester NC 28748, USA
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Virtual Tour of Timber Ridge Subdivision, Leicester NC 28748, USA.
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http://tours.ryantheedephotography.com/807206?a=1
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dbpedia
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https://issuu.com/open-box/docs/tradayearbook2012
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TRADA Timber Industry Yearbook 2012
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The Timber Research and Development Association (TRADA) continues to be an internationally-recognised centre of excellence for the specification an...
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The Timber Research and Development Association (TRADA) continues to be an internationally-recognised centre of excellence for the specification and use of timber and wood products. It is a not-for-profit membership-based organisation and its name is synonymous with independence and authority. TRADA’s strength lies in its diverse membership, encompassing companies and individuals from around the world and across the entire wood supply chain, from producers, merchants and manufacturers, to architects, engineers and end users. Bridging the supply and user ends of the market enables TRADA to deliver a dynamic programme of research, information and events through its sole service provider, TRADA Technology Ltd. This programme is put together to meet the needs of members, promote the specification and use of timber in construction and develop the market for timber and timber products.
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https://thecrystalwizard.co.uk/blog/blog/category/leicester/
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The Crystal Tome
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Poetry Can F*ck Off!
An evening of Words, at Leicester’s Upstairs at The Western theatre.
“Poetry can seriously f*ck off authority figures. It gets under the skin of those whose brains have been made rigid by power.”
I’ve been hoping to find something tempting at the Western since it opened, being one of the few pub-based theatres in the country, but this is the first show that really grabbed my attention. I wasn’t sure quite what to expect. The posters featured little more than the NSFW title, and a quick search revealed the show to be about Rebellion, Subversion and Defiance.
As we were seated in the warm, cramped space (every ticket sold!), a gent sporting a fine beard and steel guitar (Mike Dr Blue), alongside a man with a keyboard on shoulder-strap (this would be Roy Hutchins, narrator), tinkled out some tunes. This was to form the background (and sometime foreground) music for the show.
Once the show started in earnest, we were thrown in at the deep end, as Mr Hutchins launched into a tirade of how poetry has changed the world, forming rebellions, toppling dictators and freeing the oppressed. The three other figures on stage were Jonny Fluffypunk, Sameena Zehra (a veteran of the Delhi AIDS awareness campaigns) and Selina Nwulu (daughter of Nigerian refugees who fled their civil war). They counterpointed Hutchins’ speech with numerous diverse quotes, including Maya Angelou, Martin Luther King, William Blake and Gill Scott Heron, to name but a few, echoing them in triplicate, giving weight to the words.
Shelly’s Masque of Anarchy, as recited by Ghandi while he stood peacefully against the the British troops, rang out through the small space to remind us of what all dictators and oppressors fear: our numbers!
“Rise, like lions after slumber
In un-vanquishable number!
Shake your chains to earth like dew
Which in sleep had fallen on you:
Ye are many—they are few!
Ye are many—they are few!
YA ARE MANY! – THEY ARE FEW!“
It ran on in this vein, building a picture of the power of poetry, and how it has been used since time immemorial to embrace the suffering of the dispossessed, clarifying their feelings, expressing them eloquently, and as a clarion-call to action.
Another world is not only possible, She is on her way. On a quiet day,I can hear her breathing. Arundhati Roy
The interval came as no small relief! The heady atmosphere of rebellion was building up, and my chest was tight with emotions. The plight of those who had gone before us had been highlighted; the suffering and subjugation dating back even to Sumerian times. But also, as Jonny’s voice echoed the inscription on Ozymandias‘s statue, that no power can last. Even the King of Kings can be brought low.
We filed back in after the intermission, wary, yet hopeful, of what was to follow.
We were not to be disappointed! With the lights still low, a local choir stood and performed a very heartfelt “Bread and Roses”. The cool evening breeze, so recently to refresh us, suddenly seemed so far away, as we were transported back to the Massachusetts textile strike, 1912, and the lines of women marching (to avoid a recent No Loitering law!) by the factory gates, demanding not only decent wages (bread), but respect, and dignified conditions (roses).
And more was to come!
The first time I heard it, I didn’t really get “The Revolution Will Not Be Televised”. How could I? A naive young white boy full of hope and ambition, stretching out on my own, but with a secure safety net in place. Now, many years later, to hear it recited by The Poetry Army, I felt I finally understood something about what it was about.
I still don’t ‘get’ “Still I Rise”, but I can see some of what it means, and to hear it in choral form set my heart racing.
From the Peasant’s Revolt (1381), through to Occupy Wall Street (ongoing), featuring Women’s Liberation, American slavery (Billie Holiday’s “Strange Fruit” was particularly harrowing), Vietnam (we had a good sing-a-long to Country Joe McDonald), General Pinochet’s brutal regime, and many more, we were taken through a history of Words overcoming Oppressors.
So if you, like Roddy Doyle, think that “Poetry was School. All poetry could fuck off”, why not take a moment to think on where poetry was not School, and firmly refused to fuck off, even the the face of the worst violence and oppression. Poetry that changed the world. Undermined dictators, unified protesters and brought the spotlight of the world onto injustices.
“Poetry can seriously f*ck off authority figures. It gets under the skin of those whose brains have been made rigid by power.”
Poetry Can Fuck Off!
So, Lucretia talked me into joining her to find a local GeoCache. For those, like me, who have not encountered GeoCaching, it is like a Treasure Trail, following clues to find the Prize. Except there is no real prize, apart from knowing you succeeded. Now this may not sound too much fun, but the trails are often interesting, it gets you out in the fresh air, and the puzzles can be tricky.
The chosen trail is a Pictorial one, meaning we are given some images as clues, and must work out the GPS Co-ordinates from a set of puzzles. To help us along, we have a rough route-map, showing the direction we should be looking for each clue.
WARNING: The rest of this post contains SPOILERS about the route, clues, cache positions and all such sensitive data.
Read on at your own peril!
We start the day at the Town Hall Square, and must work out “How many wings?”.
As you can see, the lions on the fountain are Winged! What is less obvious from this picture is that there are four of them. My high-school maths kicks in to multiply 4 lions by two wings each: EIGHT! We have solved the first clue!
My alter-ego P.C. Wizard has made sure I brought an electronic note-pad to record everything (Technical data: Samsung Galaxy J5 running Evernote app), along with my camera to record the significant details (and any #Art we may spot along the route!)
The route now takes us out onto Granby Street, to find an avian-named cafe. It’s name has been obscured in the picture, but I recognise it instantly: The Turkey Cafe!
This clue is the number of letters. We can count to 6 easily enough, and so it is recorded, and we continue.
Now, I’m hoping you’ve got the idea by this stage. We walk around town, matching provided pictures to the local landscape, and recording the numbers for a later puzzle. So I won’t be fully describing the whole route, and each clue step-by-step.
One thing that this route really points out is the Leicester architecture. While it may seem that the town centre is just your average array of chain-stores, coffee shops (more on these later!) and charity shops, if you take the time to look above the shop-fronts, there is an amazing (as Lucretia describes it) vista of ornamentation, carvings, and designs.
For example, the local branch of Foot Locker is based in what was originally the Thomas Cook building. The ground floor shows little evidence of this, but just tilt your head up a little …
(The clue here was to to find a year from one of the murals. It took us a little while, but we did match the provided picture-clue to the correct train! Another number recorded, and we move on …)
Some of you may have heard about a little sports team called The Foxes, who did rather well in the football this year. (If you’re in Leicester, you’ll have heard of nothing else!). But this is not the first time we have had Sporting success! Back in 1996/7, we had victories in the Football (Coca-Cola Cup), Cricket (Britannic Assurance County Championship) and Rugby (Pilkington Cup)! As is our wont, a statue was commissioned, and placed in pride of place near the Clock Tower:
There was a clue re: number of balls on the statue. While I would have made a dirty joke, with all of the featured players being male, I restrained myself, so as not to mar Lucretia’s moment of joy with her local heroes. One football, one rugby ball. Two. Answer recorded. Joke avoided. Next please!
One building that particularly caught our eye was The Singer Building, built circa 1902. Unfortunately, a large tree made photographing it difficult, but I did my best!
Not only does it show off the contrast of new shops vs old architecture, but it is a rare example of Edwardian lavish commercial property. The featured murals show British flags topped by depictions of Empire (A camel for Egypt, an elephant for Burmah, a Canadian Mountain Lion, etc). Mainly occupied, as the name might suggest, by the Singer Sewing Machine Company, until 1965, it is well worth seeking out. (Six flags! Another clue recorded!)
At the end of High Street is Jubilee Square, one of Sir Peter Soulsby’s Follies. Commissioned to mark Queen Elizabeth II’s 60th anniversary on the throne, and opened three years later, it is mainly an open patch of grass, crossed by concrete pathways. (At this point we were accosted by a couple of friends, wondering why we were taking pictures of Ascot House, now a bookmakers. “Art”, we told them! They seemed placated by this, and went about their business).
But take a U-turn here, and head back along Guildhall Lane, and you will find The Guildhall! (Shock! An unexpected turn of events!). Now here is proper History!
The exact date it was built is not known (luckily the clue just wanted the Century!), but it has been a landmark for hundreds of years. This is a particularly amazing part of the town, next to the Cathedral, and marking the Western Entrance to The Lanes. (I was a little disappointed that the GeoCachers missed an opportunity to include mention of the Great Leicester Hoax here, but I can’t have everything).
Passing onto Grey Friars, we recorded clues re: King Dick 3 and the Council Buildings. And then another statue!
Representing the importance of hosiery in Leicester’s history, the Seamstress has sat outside the City Rooms for over 25 years, still darning that same sock!
And on to Market Street. Not actually where Leicester’s famous outdoor market lies, but part of the Victorian shopping area, now covered by a Conservation Area. Again, the ground level is a mish-mash of modernity: Greggs, StanJames, Cafe Nerd, Subways, and many more recognisable names. But above, a mish-mash of older, less known names!
(1876! Solved another clue!)
The Toni And Guy salon not only has one of the Fox Trail markers (A Clue!) but also a wildlife mural across its frontage, celebrating Leicester’s rural life.
And that Fox Trail marker is the last clue! We now have all the information we need to solve the puzzle, and find the location of the Cache! We retire to Cafe Nerd, order lunch and rest our weary legs.
Lucretia decides upon a low-tech approach to solving our Puzzle (Nothing to do with her fruit-based device having run out of juice!), and we start scratching out numbers on my old notebook. The Puzzle requires a little maths, but the most complicated is: “f = (R – O) / (L x G)”. No real challenge for a mathematical genius .. and even we manage to solve it before too long!
The Puzzle takes the numbers we have found along the route, and calculates new numbers, which represent GPS co-ordinates of the Cache. We punch this into Lucretia’s GPS unit, and set off … but wait … that is pointing to somewhere 5 miles away! There must be a mistake! What is that “2” is supposed to be a “3”? Yeah, that would put us closer – near the Court Rooms! Without stopping to think why we have the number wrong, we set off!
Long story short, we go to the wrong place, and waste half an hour looking for something that is not there!
We decide to check the numbers. If that is a “3”, then this must be wrong … and that also affects that … the mistake is identified – we have taken the year, not the day! Aha! Luckily, we have not strayed too far, and set off confidently!
SPOILER ALERT AGAIN!
.
.
.
If you don’t want to know the location of the final Cache, then why have you continued reading so far along, when I told you there were spoilers?
.
.
.
Final Spoiler Alert!
.
.
.
OK, now we’ve got rid of them, I can reveal where we ended up!
The correct co-ordinates take us along The New Walk, and the Final Clue leads us to a particular sign:
Searching around, we find the tiny container holding a list of people who have previously found it, and we add our moniker to it!
The Clicker sculpture is a homage to the shoe-workers of Leicester, made from the shapes of shoe-leathers, and named for the noises of the knives as they hit the cutting-boards! A fitting end to our journey, as we have travelled far, and surely must have worn out our soles (although our souls are in high spirits!).
If you have enjoyed reading about our GeoCaching adventure, you can find out how to do your own at https://www.geocaching.com/
Or maybe you have been inspired to take a new look at your own home town, and see the things that you normally overlook.
Either way, I would advise you to get out in the open air, take notice of the spaces around you, and find some ART!
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https://www.contractfinderpro.com/doc/8M2Jg/leicester-city-council/home-care-service-leicester
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Home care service leicester
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Leicester city council - Home care service leicester
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Have a question? Call us on 0333 772 0250
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https://miketoomeyrealestate.net/leicester-ma-real-estate-homes-for-sale/
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Homes and Property for Sale Leicester, MA
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List of homes for sale in Leicester, Mass. Searchable. Sortable. Updated daily.
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Michael Toomey and Associates
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https://miketoomeyrealestate.net/leicester-ma-real-estate-homes-for-sale/
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Leicester was first settled in 1713 and was officially incorporated in 1714.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 24.7 square miles (63.9 km²), of which, 23.4 square miles (60.5 km²) of it is land and 1.3 square miles (3.4 km²) of it (5.35%) is water.
Leicester Ma includes three distinct villages—Leicester Center, Cherry Valley (the east side of town, near Worcester) and Rochdale (a crossroads in the southeast corner, near the Oxford line). Cherry Valley and Rochdale have separate ZIP codes from the rest of the town (01611 and 01542, respectively), but otherwise the village boundaries have no official significance, although some Cherry Valley and Rochdale residents identify more strongly with their village than the town. The village of Greenville is now considered part of Rochdale, as it falls within the 01542 ZIP code; the former villages of Mannville and Lakeside were destroyed to construct the Kettle Brook reservoir system, in northeastern Leicester, to supply water to Worcester in central ma.
The town is cut into quarters by two state highways, east-west Route 9 and north-south Route 56. Route 9 is called Main Street through Cherry Valley and most of the rest of town; it follows a bypass alignment called South Main Street around the Washburn Square area. The town is actively trying to encourage business development along the western end of Route 9. Route 56 north of the Leicester Center crossroads is Paxton Street; south, it's Pleasant Street until it detours along a bypass road, Huntoon Memorial Highway, that skirts the edge of Rochdale
ACT
Leicester, MA442 Henshaw Street
Price$317,000
Est. Mortgage: $ /month
MLS Number 73279152
Residential
Bedrooms 2
Bathroom 1
Square Feet 840
Move in ready – YES; Affordable – YES; Good location – YES; Renovated and freshly painted interior and deck; Charming 2BR ranch - sunny and bright open floor plan. Large deck overlooking nearly 1 acre private – fenced in back yard – complete with shed; Surrounded by farmland - within walking distance to Cooper's Hilltop Farm. This is your chance to get into the housing market and enjoy all the benefits of home-ownership;
Listed by Bela Kasas and Melissa Colon of Choice Realty RES
Price
$
Down Payment
$
Interest Rate
%
Years
$ /month over payments
Federal 30-year interest rate: 6.46% last updated on
* All Figures are estimates. Check with your bank or proposed mortgage company for actual interest rates.
This product uses the FRED® API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Save FavoriteSchedule TourMore Details
ACT
Leicester, MA33 Deer Pond Drive
Price$379,900
Est. Mortgage: $ /month
MLS Number 73263095
Residential
Bedrooms 3
Bathroom 1
Square Feet 1,220
Newly remodeled three bedroom ranch located near town center. Large living room, New Shaker style kitchen with spacious dining area. Great, heated rear sun room! New GE/Trane heat pump FHA heat and central air system..New Rheem hot water tank. New flooring and freshly painted in and out.. Welcoming back yard is awaiting your personal touches to make it your own!..This property is eligible under Freddie Mac First Look Initiative through 08/09//24 (30 days from List Date).During this time period, only owner occupant and non profit offers will be considered. Seller will not allow more for than 10 Days for Inspections. Sold in strictly as-is condition. All offers must have Proof of Funds or Pre-Approval within last 15 days and a min deposit of $1K. less. Accepted offers and inspections are subject to ratified contracts. All Contracts must be returned within 48 hrs with no changes. See firm remarks regarding compensation.
Listed by Jason Fanning of RE/MAX Vision
Price
$
Down Payment
$
Interest Rate
%
Years
$ /month over payments
Federal 30-year interest rate: 6.46% last updated on
* All Figures are estimates. Check with your bank or proposed mortgage company for actual interest rates.
This product uses the FRED® API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Save FavoriteSchedule TourMore Details
ACT
Leicester, MA102 River Street, Rochdale
Price$388,800
Est. Mortgage: $ /month
MLS Number 73274332
Residential
Bedrooms 2
Bathroom 1
Square Feet 710
Amazing, waterfront property on 35-acre Wilderness Greenville Pond in Rochdale/Leicester. Views from every window, bald eagles, deer, otter and fish from your front deck. Full remodel, gutted to 2 x 6 studs, all new electrical, plumbing, septic, well pump, electric panel, insulation (Nu-Wool), cherry and oak hardwoods throughout. Brand new updated bath and kitchen. Only 4 houses on the lake, extreme privacy yet close to all major highways and shopping. Second bedroom used as walk in closet presently. Open floor plan, spacious expansive living and views.
Listed by Dave White of OwnerEntry.com
Price
$
Down Payment
$
Interest Rate
%
Years
$ /month over payments
Federal 30-year interest rate: 6.46% last updated on
* All Figures are estimates. Check with your bank or proposed mortgage company for actual interest rates.
This product uses the FRED® API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Save FavoriteSchedule TourMore Details
ACT
Leicester, MA11 Overlook Drive
Price$399,900
Est. Mortgage: $ /month
MLS Number 73243373
Residential
Bedrooms 3
Bathroom 1
Square Feet 1,670
High School Leicester High
ATTENTION BUILDERS AND INVESTORS!! With town approval there is a potential to merge two lots into one buildable lot!!Welcome home to Overlook Dr. with views of Sargent Pond. This home is a rare find, offering immediate comfort and the exciting prospect of potential and opportunity to suit your future needs. At almost 1700 sq feet this home offers an inviting family room with large windows that flood the space with natural light, an open-concept dining area that connects to the kitchen, perfect for family meals and entertaining guests. Outside, a sprawling deck provides the perfect spot for dining or lounging in the sun. Included in this beautiful home are 9 parcels of land for privacy and tranquility. Imagine sipping your morning coffee as you watch the sunrise over the water or hosting a dinner party. Whether you're seeking a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of everyday life or a stunning setting to entertain friends and family, this home is for you. Boat access on Lake Ave
Listed by Colleen Polletta of Coldwell Banker Realty - Worcester
Price
$
Down Payment
$
Interest Rate
%
Years
$ /month over payments
Federal 30-year interest rate: 6.46% last updated on
* All Figures are estimates. Check with your bank or proposed mortgage company for actual interest rates.
This product uses the FRED® API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Save FavoriteSchedule TourMore Details
ACT
Leicester, MA18 Virginia Drive, Unit 18
Price$434,900
Est. Mortgage: $ /month
Open House
MLS Number 73267588
Condo
Next Open House: Sat 08/31 10:00 am. to 12:00 pm.
Bedrooms 2
Bathroom 2
Square Feet 1,320
Corner lot end unit in highly desirable Oak Ridge Estates 55+ community...one level living condo looks like a single family...2 bedrooms, 2 full bathrooms - new "comfort" toilets 2023, cathedral ceiling living room with fireplace, leads to 3 season sunroom with sliders to deck. Kitchen has hardwood floors and granite counters. Primary bedroom is spacious with bathroom, laundry, and walk-in closet. 2nd bedroom with large closet, currently used as an office. Newly painted walls/ceilings 2023 throughout. Potential for more finished living area in spacious lower level basement with high ceilings and large windows - new dehumidification system 2023. Plenty of parking in 2 car garage and driveway. Pets allowed. Convenient location country setting with close proximity to golf course, shopping, highways & major routes - approx.12 minutes to MA Pike.
Listed by Maria Reed and Diane Luong of RE/MAX Vision
Price
$
Down Payment
$
Interest Rate
%
Years
$ /month over payments
Federal 30-year interest rate: 6.46% last updated on
* All Figures are estimates. Check with your bank or proposed mortgage company for actual interest rates.
This product uses the FRED® API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Save FavoriteSchedule TourMore Details
ACT
Leicester, MA536 Pleasant Street
Price$450,000
Est. Mortgage: $ /month
MLS Number 73282581
Residential
Bedrooms 3
Bathroom 2
Square Feet 1,475
Discover this meticulously maintained, custom-built ranch home from 2006! Boasting a spacious open floor plan, hardwood floors throughout, and granite countertops in the kitchen and baths, this home combines comfort with style. Key features include central AC, a 200-amp service, legal generator hookup, and premium lighting fixtures. The expansive lower level is ready for finishing, offering endless possibilities. Outside, you'll find a composite porch and deck with an electric awning, plus an irrigation system for easy maintenance. The nearly one-acre level lot is bordered by woods and offers town sewer and a private well, with the option to connect to town water already in place. This home is the perfect blend of tranquility and convenience, making it truly move-in ready!
Listed by Kathy Chapman of Paramount Realty Group
Price
$
Down Payment
$
Interest Rate
%
Years
$ /month over payments
Federal 30-year interest rate: 6.46% last updated on
* All Figures are estimates. Check with your bank or proposed mortgage company for actual interest rates.
This product uses the FRED® API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Save FavoriteSchedule TourMore Details
PCG
Leicester, MA473 Whittemore Street
Price$580,000
Est. Mortgage: $ /month
Price Changed
MLS Number 73172625
Residential
Bedrooms 4
Bathroom 4
Square Feet 3,852
High School Leicester High
Step inside and be greeted by an inviting open foyer, setting the tone for what's to come. A kitchen that's truly a cut above, featuring rich hardwood floors and a well-placed island, perfect for meal prep and culinary creativity. Entertainment is elevated with a family room pre-wired for surround sound, making movie nights and gatherings unforgettable. The living room exudes warmth and comfort, with a charming fireplace providing the perfect focal point. Escape to the main bedroom with a walk-in closet and an interior balcony, your own sanctuary for relaxation. An added bonus is the finished basement, offering space for your unique needs and preferences. Convenience is at your doorstep with a 2-car garage, providing secure storage and protection for your vehicles. The great outdoors is yours to enjoy with an expansive yard, perfect for gardening, play and relaxation. Don't miss out on this exceptional opportunity - schedule your viewing today!
Listed by Edmund Manu of RE/MAX Prof Associates
Price
$
Down Payment
$
Interest Rate
%
Years
$ /month over payments
Federal 30-year interest rate: 6.46% last updated on
* All Figures are estimates. Check with your bank or proposed mortgage company for actual interest rates.
This product uses the FRED® API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Virtual TourSave FavoriteSchedule TourMore Details
ACT
Leicester, MA506 Pine Street
Price$629,999
Est. Mortgage: $ /month
MLS Number 73272937
Residential
Bedrooms 4
Bathroom 3
Square Feet 2,100
Beautiful New Construction move in ready! 4 bed, 2.5 bath with an amazing open floor plan. Over-sized 10 foot island. 5 zone Bosch ductless mini split hvac system. Extra large master closet that will impress. Sitting on 2.15 acres across from camp wind in the pines and a great commuting location!
Listed by Derek Eisenberg of Continental Real Estate Group,Inc.
Price
$
Down Payment
$
Interest Rate
%
Years
$ /month over payments
Federal 30-year interest rate: 6.46% last updated on
* All Figures are estimates. Check with your bank or proposed mortgage company for actual interest rates.
This product uses the FRED® API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Save FavoriteSchedule TourMore Details
ACT
Leicester, MA508 Pine
Price$649,900
Est. Mortgage: $ /month
MLS Number 73269094
Residential
Bedrooms 4
Bathroom 3
Square Feet 2,100
Welcome to your NEW CONSTRUCTION dream home in Leicester, MA! This stunning 4-bedroom residence offers 2,100 square feet of modern luxury. The open floor plan seamlessly connects the spacious living area, dining space, & gourmet kitchen with high-end appliances and generous designer cabinets. Flex bedroom, perfect for home office. Retreat upstairs to the master suite with an oversized walk-in closet & luxurious en-suite bathroom. Two additional large bedrooms on the 2nd floor ensures plenty of room for the whole family. Enjoy upscale finishes, hardwood floors, energy efficient ductless mini-splits, & a private backyard with expansive deck, perfect for all your outdoor entertaining needs. Two car garage with ample storage areas & expansion potential for a finished basement. Perched high above, you will enjoy the peace & tranquility this ideal location offers. Easy access to 290, Mass Pike & Route 20, close to shopping & dining. Don't miss this opportunity - schedule your showing today
Listed by Commonwealth Living Group and Thomas Tomasian of Real Broker MA,LLC
Price
$
Down Payment
$
Interest Rate
%
Years
$ /month over payments
Federal 30-year interest rate: 6.46% last updated on
* All Figures are estimates. Check with your bank or proposed mortgage company for actual interest rates.
This product uses the FRED® API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Save FavoriteSchedule TourMore Details
ACT
Leicester, MA11 Mayflower Circle
Price$739,000
Est. Mortgage: $ /month
MLS Number 73276197
Residential
Bedrooms 5
Bathroom 4
Square Feet 4,256
Welcome home to this meticulous maintained custom colonial home w/wrap around porch. Cabinet packed kitchen w/2 sinks, separate gas cook top with chefs sink. Hardwood floors flow thruout first floor which boasts 3 bedrooms, full bath with laundry, dining area with spacious living area, fireplace and pellet stove. Upstairs is just 15 years old with master bedroom, new carpeting, sitting area and double closets, oversized full bathroom, separate shower and jacuzzie tub and lots of storage. Vaulted ceiling family room with wood stove, bedroom and a slider that leads out to a new deck with hot tub overlooking backyard. Heated oversized garage with electric car plug and 900 sq ft apartment with separate utilities for in-law or adult children. Enter into your fenced in backyard oasis, with heated in ground pool, outdoor kitchen and bath house. The ultimate in entertaining area for large get togethers or intimate night with a few close friends.
Listed by Gayle Prest of Mattei Realty
Price
$
Down Payment
$
Interest Rate
%
Years
$ /month over payments
Federal 30-year interest rate: 6.46% last updated on
* All Figures are estimates. Check with your bank or proposed mortgage company for actual interest rates.
This product uses the FRED® API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
Save FavoriteSchedule TourMore Details
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https://www.sell2wales.gov.wales/search/show/search_view.aspx%3FID%3DFEB468602
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https://data.census.gov/profile/Leicester_town,_Addison_County,_Vermont%3Fg%3D060XX00US5000139325
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Explore Census Data
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https://www.nestrealty.com/asheville/neighborhood-guides/leicester_village
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Leicester Village Real Estate Guide / Homes for Sale in Leicester Village, Asheville, NC / Nest Realty Group
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Sort by
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Some IDX listings have been excluded from this website.
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https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/censusareachanges/E06000016/
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How life has changed in Leicester: Census 2021
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Find out how life changed in Leicester between Census 2011 to Census 2021, including data on ageing, ethnicity, health, housing and more.
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https://www.ons.gov.uk/favicon.ico
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http://sveltekit-prerender/visualisations/censusareachanges/E06000016/
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The population reached nearly 370,000
Between the last two censuses (held in 2011 and 2021), the population of Leicester increased by 11.7%, from around 329,800 in 2011 to around 368,600 in 2021.
The population here increased by a greater percentage than the overall population of the East Midlands (7.7%), and by a greater percentage than the overall population of England (up 6.6% since the 2011 Census).
In 2021, Leicester was home to around 35.9 people per football pitch-sized piece of land, compared with 32.1 in 2011. This area was the most densely populated local authority area across the East Midlands.
This article generally uses percentages to enable comparisons over time and between areas. The percentage point change is also used to show the difference between the 2011 and 2021 percentages.
Population growth was higher in Leicester than across the East Midlands
Percentage population change, Leicester and surrounding areas, 2011 Census to Census 2021
England ▲6.6% East Midlands ▲7.7% Leicester ▲11.7% Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021
Save as image (PNG <200KB) | Download the data (CSV <100KB) |
Median age increased
Between the last two censuses, the average (median) age of Leicester increased by two years, from 31 to 33 years of age.
This area had the joint second-lowest average (median) age in the East Midlands (alongside Lincoln and behind Nottingham ) and a lower average (median) age than England (40 years).
The median age is the age of the person in the middle of the group, meaning that one half of the group is younger than that person and the other half is older.
The number of people aged 35 to 49 years rose by just over 11,300 (an increase of 18.0%), while the number of residents aged 4 years and under fell by around 2,000 (8.2% decrease).
The share of residents aged between 35 and 49 years increased by 1.1 percentage points between 2011 and 2021
Family in Leicester
The percentage of households including a couple with dependent children increased in Leicester, but fell across the East Midlands.
In Leicester, the percentage of households including a couple with dependent children rose from 19.5% in 2011 to 21.3% in 2021. During the same period, the regional percentage fell from 19.7% to 18.8%.
The percentage of households including a couple without children in Leicester fell from 12.9% to 11.7%, while the percentage of households including a couple with only non-dependent children increased from 6.4% to 7.3%.
The percentage of households including a couple with dependent children in Leicester increased by 1.8 percentage points
Marriage and civil partnership in Leicester
The percentage of people aged 16 years and over who were married (or in a civil partnership) increased here, but fell across the East Midlands.
In Leicester, the percentage that said they were married (or in a civil partnership) rose from 42.5% in 2011 to 43.4% in 2021. During the same period, the regional percentage fell from 48.7% to 45.8%.
The percentage of adults who had never married or registered a civil partnership in Leicester increased from 41.5% to 43.1%, while the percentage of adults who had divorced or dissolved a civil partnership decreased from 7.1% to 6.5%.
These figures include same-sex marriages and opposite-sex civil partnerships in 2021, neither of which were legally recognised in England and Wales in 2011. Same-sex marriages have been legally recognised in England and Wales since 2014 and opposite-sex civil partnerships have been recognised since 2019.
The percentage of adults who were married or in a civil partnership in Leicester increased by 0.8 percentage points
Employment in Leicester
The percentage of people aged 16 years and over (excluding full-time students) who were employed increased in this area, but fell across the East Midlands.
In Leicester, the percentage who were employed rose from 49.4% in 2011 to 50.4% in 2021. During the same period, the regional percentage fell from 56.1% to 55.1%.
The percentage of people aged 16 years and over who were unemployed (excluding full-time students) in Leicester fell from 5.8% to 3.6%, while the percentage of people aged 16 years and over who were retired (economically inactive) decreased from 15.0% to 13.4%.
Census 2021 took place during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, a period of rapid and unparalleled change; the national lockdown, associated guidance and furlough measures will have affected the labour market and our ability to measure it.
The percentage of people aged 16 years and over who were employed (excluding full-time students) in Leicester increased by 1.0 percentage points
Fewer adults working long hours
In 2021, 6.1% of Leicester residents aged 16 years and over and in employment said they worked over 49 hours per week. This figure decreased from 8.2% in 2011.
The percentage who said they worked 15 hours or less per week remained at 10.7%, while the percentage of adults in employment working 31 to 48 hours per week increased from 58.6% to 59.5%.
This area had the country's lowest percentage of people aged 16 years and over and in employment who said they usually worked over 49 hours per week. Barrow-in-Furness had England's next-lowest percentage of people aged 16 years and over and in employment who said they usually worked over 49 hours per week (6.6%), while City of London had the country's highest percentage (31.9%).
Working hours may have been affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.
The percentage of adults in employment who worked 49 hours or more in Leicester decreased by 2.1 percentage points
National identity in Leicester
Leicester saw England's joint second-largest percentage-point rise (alongside Boston ) in the proportion of people who did not identify with any national identity associated with the UK (from 17.2% in 2011 to 24.1% in 2021).
England's largest increase in the percentage of people who did not identify with any national identity associated with the UK occurred in City of London (from 25.4% to 33.1%).
Because of its small size, comparisons to City of London should be made with caution.
In Census 2021, “British” was moved to the top response option and this may have influenced how people described their national identity. For further information, please see our quality report.
The percentage of people who did not identify with at least one UK national identity in Leicester increased by 6.9 percentage points
Leicester residents' country of birth
In the latest census, around 213,600 Leicester residents said they were born in England. This represented 57.9% of the local population. The figure has decreased from around 214,400 in 2011, which at the time represented 65.0% of Leicester's population.
India was the next most represented, with around 59,800 Leicester residents reporting this country of birth (16.2%). This figure was up from just over 37,200 in 2011, which at the time represented 11.3% of the population of Leicester.
The number of Leicester residents born in South and Eastern African countries (other than Kenya, Somalia, South Africa and Zimbabwe) rose from just under 12,400 in 2011 (3.8% of the local population) to around 12,700 in 2021 (3.4%).
In 2021, 57.9% of Leicester residents reported their country of birth as England
Rise in private renting
Leicester saw the East Midlands' largest percentage-point rise in the proportion of privately-rented homes (from 22.7% in 2011 to 29.4% in 2021).
Lincoln saw the East Midlands' next largest increase in the percentage of privately-rented homes (from 21.0% in 2011 to 27.2% in 2021).
Every local authority area across the East Midlands saw a rise in the percentage of privately-rented homes, as the regional percentage grew from 14.9% to 18.7%.
Private renting in Leicester increased by 6.6 percentage points
Disability in Leicester
Leicester saw the East Midlands' second-largest percentage-point fall in the proportion of residents who were identified as being disabled and limited a lot (from 11.5% in 2011 to 8.8% in 2021). These are age-standardised proportions.
Age-standardised proportions are used throughout this section. They enable comparisons between populations over time and across geographies, as they account for differences in the population size and age structure.
Across the region, only Bolsover saw a greater fall in the proportion of residents who were identified as being disabled and limited a lot (from 13.5% to 10.6%).
Every local authority area across the East Midlands saw a fall in the proportion of residents who were identified as being disabled and limited a lot, as the regional proportion fell from 9.3% to 7.7%.
Census 2021 was undertaken during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This may have influenced how people perceived their health status and activity limitations, and therefore may have affected how people chose to respond.
Caution should be taken when making comparisons between 2011 and 2021 because of changes in question wording and response options.
The percentage of people who were identified as being disabled and limited a lot in Leicester decreased by 2.7 percentage points
Religion in Leicester
In 2021, 23.5% of Leicester residents described themselves as Muslim, up from 18.6% in 2011. The rise of 4.8 percentage points was the largest increase of all broad religious groups in Leicester. Because the census question about religious affiliation is voluntary and has varying response rates, caution is needed when comparing figures between different areas or between censuses.
Across the East Midlands, the percentage of residents who described themselves as Muslim increased from 3.1% to 4.3%, while across England the percentage increased from 5.0% to 6.7%.
In 2021, 24.7% of people in Leicester described themselves as Christian (down from 32.4%), while 23.0% reported having "No religion" (up from 22.8% the decade before).
There are many factors that can cause changes to the religious profile of an area, such as a changing age structure or residents relocating for work or education. Changes may also be caused by differences in the way individuals chose to self-identify between censuses. Religious affiliation is the religion with which someone connects or identifies, rather than their beliefs or religious practice.
Read the bulletin Religion, England and Wales: Census 2021.
In 2021, 23.5% of usual residents in Leicester described themselves as Muslim
Health in Leicester
In 2021, 42.8% of Leicester residents described their health as "very good", increasing from 38.2% in 2011. Those describing their health as "good" fell from 36.3% to 34.7%. These are age-standardised proportions.
Age-standardised proportions are used throughout this section. They enable comparisons between populations over time and across geographies, as they account for differences in the population size and age structure.
The proportion of Leicester residents describing their health as "very bad" decreased from 2.0% to 1.6%, while those describing their health as "bad" fell from 6.1% to 5.2%.
These data reflect people’s own opinions in describing their overall health on a five point scale, from very good to very bad.
Census 2021 was conducted during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This may have influenced how people perceived and rated their health, and therefore may have affected how people chose to respond.
The percentage of people in very good health in Leicester increased by 4.6 percentage points
Ethnic groups in Leicester
In 2021, 43.4% of Leicester residents identified their ethnic group within the "Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh" category, up from 37.1% in 2011. The 6.3 percentage-point change was the largest increase among high-level ethnic groups in this area.
Across the East Midlands, the percentage of people from the "Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh" ethnic group increased from 6.5% to 8.0%, while across England the percentage increased from 7.8% to 9.6%.
In 2021, 40.9% of people in Leicester identified their ethnic group within the "White" category (compared with 50.5% in 2011), while 7.8% identified their ethnic group within the "Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African" category (compared with 6.2% the previous decade).
The percentage of people who identified their ethnic group within the "Other" category ("Arab" or "Any other ethnic group") increased from 2.6% in 2011 to 4.1% in 2021.
There are many factors that may be contributing to the changing ethnic composition of England and Wales, such as differing patterns of ageing, fertility, mortality, and migration. Changes may also be caused by differences in the way individuals chose to self-identify between censuses.
Read the bulletin Ethnic group, England and Wales: Census 2021.
In 2021, 43.4% of usual residents in Leicester identified their ethnic group within the "Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh" category
Unpaid care in Leicester
In 2021, 3.4% of Leicester residents (aged five years and over) reported providing up to 19 hours of unpaid care each week. This figure decreased from 6.2% in 2011. These are age-standardised proportions.
Age-standardised proportions are used throughout this section. They enable comparisons between populations over time and across geographies, as they account for differences in the population size and age structure.
In 2021, just over 1 in 50 people (2.2%) reported providing between 20 and 49 hours of unpaid care each week, compared with 2.0% in 2011. The proportion of Leicester residents (aged five years and over) that provided at least 50 hours of weekly unpaid care decreased from 3.2% to 3.0%.
This area had the region’s lowest proportion of people (aged five years and over) providing up to 19 hours of weekly unpaid care. Boston had the East Midlands' next lowest proportion of people (aged five years and over) providing up to 19 hours of weekly unpaid care (3.8%), while Gedling had the region's highest proportion (5.6%).
Census 2021 was undertaken during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This may have influenced how people perceived and managed their provision of unpaid care, and therefore may have affected how people chose to respond.
Caution should be taken when making comparisons between 2011 and 2021 because of changes in question wording and response options.
The percentage of people (aged five years and over) providing up to 19 hours of weekly unpaid care in Leicester decreased by 2.8 percentage points
About the data
Census data are adjusted to reflect estimated non-response so that the published results relate to the entire usually resident population as it was on Census Day (21 March 2021).
Those respondents who were on furlough because of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic were asked to classify themselves as "temporarily away from work" to ensure they remained in the economically active population.
Students are counted as usually resident at their term-time address even if they were not physically present there on Census Day.
The questions relating to disability differed slightly between 2011 and 2021 to ensure that data were more closely aligned with the definition of disability in the Equality Act (2010). There was also a change to question wording for unpaid care, for more information read the health, disability and unpaid care quality information.
Age-standardised proportions are used throughout the health, disability and unpaid care sections. They allow for fairer comparisons between populations over time and across geographies, as they account for differences in the population size and age structure. The 2013 European Standard Population is used to standardise proportions.
Percentages and percentage point changes have been individually rounded to one decimal place. This means they may not sum exactly.
Tell us what you think about this publication by answering a few questions.
Download the data used in this article
xlsx (1.5 MB)
About these articles
There is an article like this for every local authority district in England and Wales. The articles have been written and semi-automated by our data journalists and are a new publishing format for the Office for National Statistics.
Topics are chosen and ordered automatically based on how relevant they are for each area, however all data are checked before publishing.
We have not included topics that were new for Census 2021 or where there is no comparability with the 2011 Census. Read about how we developed and tested the questions for Census 2021.
These articles were first published on 8 December 2022 covering topics such as demography, country of birth, ethnic groups, religion, national identity and economic activity status. They were updated on 19 January 2023 following the release of more data from Census 2021 and now include housing tenure, general health, disability and unpaid care.
Related links
Contact
[email protected]
Telephone: +44 1329 44 4972
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https://britishblindsport.org.uk/jobs/10405
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Live Well Hub Advisor
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Live Well is an integrated Healthy Lifestyle Service which supports the residents of Leicester city to improve their health and wellbeing by offering support with smoking cessation, increasing physical activity, managing alcohol levels, and healthy eating. This is an exciting opportunity to join our team of Advisors and help clients through their journey to improve their health and lifestyle. Working within a team of other advisors, you’ll be the first point of contact providing information and support for clients who have been referred for our services.
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https://britishblindsport.org.uk/jobs/10405
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We're currently recruiting for a full-time permanent position working 37 hours a week Monday to Friday. However, this role will enquire you to work on evenings and weekends in accordance with the needs of the service.
What you'll be doing
You will manage incoming referrals, triaging potential clients to ensure they meet the criteria needed for our service, responding to email enquiries from new and existing clients, Primary and Secondary care professionals such as GP Practices, Social Prescribers and Physio teams and manage incoming and outgoing calls.
You'll signpost clients to Local Authority and Community Teams as well as book appointments with various healthy lifestyle services, some of which are based within the Live Well Service.
To ensure clients fulfil their journey in improving their health and lifestyle you'll actively follow up and monitor your allocated caseload, respond to missed appointments, arrange follow up sessions/appointments and make onward referrals.
What you'll need
With experience of working in a busy frontline service, you'll have experience of providing telephone and/or face to face service in a busy customer service environment. Using excellent verbal and written communication skills, you'll provide clear and concise advice to clients and members of the public. Complete all records accurately and in a timely manner, being highly organised, you'll be able to work under pressure and deal with customer enquiries and see them through to completion. Showing empathy and understanding, you'll be able to deal with customers who may be distressed or worried about their health concerns and make every conversation count to ensure clients receive the best support for their own specific needs
For further information and details on how to apply please click on the link below.
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https://publicnoticeportal.uk/notice/traffic-and-roads/66559f2f950e6c2f3b48e3bc
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Public Notice Portal
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Traffic & Roads Notice near LE1 1RB to read, save and share
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Public Notice Portal
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https://publicnoticeportal.uk/notice/traffic-and-roads/66559f2f950e6c2f3b48e3bc
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CITY OF LEICESTER
LEICESTER CITY COUNCIL
THE ROAD TRAFFIC REGULATION ACT 1984 - SECTION 14(1) AS AMENDED BY
THE ROAD TRAFFIC REGULATION (TEMPORARY RESTRICTIONS) ACT 1991
THE LEICESTER (RUTLAND STREET) (TEMPORARY) TRAFFIC REGULATION ORDER 2024
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the Leicester City Council has made an Order under Section 14(1) of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984, the effect of which will be, for the following anticipated period of time to:
Suspend existing one-way restriction and prohibit parking,
waiting and loading at any time on Queen Street between its junctions with St George Street and with Rutland Street from 6.00am on Saturday 1st June 2024 until 11.59pm on Saturday 30th November 2024.
Prohibit access to all users on Rutland Street between its junction with Queen Street and a point 30 metres north of its junction with Southampton Street from 6.00am on Saturday 1st June 2024 until 11.59pm on Saturday 30th November 2024.
Diversion route: St George Street, Southampton Street, St Georges Way, Humberstone Road.
Prohibit access to all users at the junction with Halford Street and with Orton Square from 6.00am on Saturday 1st June 2024 until 11.59pm on Saturday 30th November 2024.
Suspend existing one-way restriction and prohibit parking, waiting and loading at any time on Southampton Street between its junctions with St George Street and with Rutland Street from 6.00am on Saturday 1st June 2024 until 11.59pm on Saturday 30th November 2024.
Suspend existing one-way restriction and prohibit parking, waiting and loading at any time on Rutland Street between its junctions with Queen Street and with Humberstone Gate from 6.00am on Saturday 1st June 2024 until 11.59pm on Saturday 30th November 2024.
Prohibit waiting and loading at any time except for preapproved vehicles on Humberstone Gate between its junction with Rutland Street and a point 30 metres west thereof from 6.00am on Saturday 1st June 2024 until 11.59pm on Saturday 30th November 2024.
This order is necessary to prevent the likelihood of danger to the public.
This Order will come into effect on the 1st June 2024 and will continue in force for up to 18 months, or until the order is no longer deemed necessary, whichever is the earlier.
Emergency access will be maintained at all times.
Any queries regarding the scheme should be made to James Jeavons (Oneway TM Ltd), tel. 0845 459 1122.
Dated this 29th May 2024.
Andrew L Smith Director of Planning, Development and Transportation Leicester City Council City Hall 115 Charles Street Leicester LE1 1FZ
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https://www.streetlist.co.uk/le/le1/le1-1f/le1-1fz-
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en
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LE1 1FZ
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https://www.streetlist.co.uk/favicon.ico
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https://www.streetlist.co.uk/favicon.ico
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[] |
[
"LE1 1FZ",
"postcode",
"council tax bands",
"broadband",
"house sales",
"house prices"
] | null |
[
"David Caldwell"
] | null |
Discover everything you need to know about the LE1 1FZ Postcode in Leicester: from historical maps to top local attractions!
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en
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https://www.streetlist.co.uk/favicon.ico
|
https://www.streetlist.co.uk/le/le1/le1-1/le1-1fz
|
LE1 1FZ is a postal code used within the United Kingdom for delivering mail.
Postcodes are made up of two parts. The part before the space (LE1) is called the outward code. The part after the space (1FZ) is called the inward code. The letters C, I, K, M, O and V are not allowed in the inward code. In addition to the inward and outward code, the postcode can be broken up into four parts:
Postal Area. In our case LE which means Leicester.
Postal District. In our case LE1.
Postal Sector. In our case LE1 1F.
Postcode Unit. The last two letters. In our case Z .
The regional mail center for the post area LE is the National Distribution Centre, which is located at Danes Way, NORTHAMPTON, NN6 7DD.
The final port of call for any post addressed to the LE1 1FZ postcode is the local delivery office (DO) which is . Here the post will be sorted ready for delivery.
The properties in the LE1 1FZ postcode have the street address of Charles Street
It is situated within the post town of LEICESTER within the old postal county of Leicestershire.
LE1 1FZ is within the city of Leicester.
The LE1 1FZ postcode area is composed of 0% residential properties, 11.11% commercial properties, and 88.89% public properties.
None Domestic Buildings in LE1 1FZ fall under these categories: .
The LE1 1FZ postcode belongs to a large building, typically reserved for corporate headquarters or sizable organisations receiving over 500 daily mail items. The current occupant is Leicester City Council, City Hall, 115 Charles Street.
Records indicate a Unique Property Reference Number of 2465058391 for this building, classified as a offices.
The Council for this Postcode is City of Leicester Council, who are a Unitary authority. This means that they are responsible for providing education, libraries and maintaining highways as well as normal council duties such as council tax, rubbish collection, housing, environmental health and planning.
You can visit the website for City of Leicester at the following link City of Leicester.
How much is the Council Tax?
City of Leicester Council is responsible for collecting council tax. This will vary depending on which council tax band the property falls within. You can check the council tax band at the gov.uk website.
Once you know the council tax band you can view how much City of Leicester charge for that band by visiting the The Council Tax section of their website.
Planning Applications
When moving house to a new post code it is worth checking out what will be built in the neighbourhood.
Few people want to live next door to a building site, have their garden overlooked or have the views from their property ruined.
Visit the local planning department and search for planning applications in this postcode granted within the last three years or still awaiting a decision. This will give an indication of what could still be built.
|
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6249
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dbpedia
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2
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https://www.carusohomes.com/land/nc/charlotte/leicester/CAR4167078/
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en
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Land for Sale in Charlotte North Carolina
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[
""
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[] | null |
Land for sale in Charlotte. We will build your CARUSO dream home on ANY lot you choose. Dream BIG with Caruso Homes.
|
en
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Caruso Homes
|
https://www.carusohomes.com/land/nc/charlotte/
|
Listings courtesy of Canopy MLS as distributed by MLS GRID. Some IDX listings have been excluded from this website.
All data is obtained from various sources and may not have been verified by broker or MLS GRID. Supplied Open House Information is subject to change without notice. All information should be independently reviewed and verified for accuracy. Properties may or may not be listed by the office/agent presenting the information.
IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers’ personal non-commercial use. It may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. Data is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed by MLS GRID. MLS GRID Data may be subject to an end user license agreement prescribed by Canopy MLS, if any, as amended from time to time.
The real estate listing(s) displayed on this page are provided by way of Caruso Homes Realty NC, LLC d/b/a Caruso Homes, 8600 Furr Road, Suite 110, Huntersville, NC 29078, Office phone: 704-726-6499.
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6249
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dbpedia
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2
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https://www.compass.com/listing/1217-leicester-road-richmond-va-23225/131848566091067729/
|
en
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1217 Leicester Road, Richmond, VA 23225
|
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1217 Leicester Road, Richmond, VA 23225 is a single family home not currently listed. This is a 3-bed, 2.5-bath, 1,814 sqft property.
|
en
|
https://www.compass.com/listing/1217-leicester-road-richmond-va-23225/131848566091067729/
| |||||||
6249
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dbpedia
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3
| 48 |
https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search/-/charity-details/3967185/contact-information
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en
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Contact information, CRAVEN RECREATION GROUND
|
https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/o/ccew-registertheme/images/favicon.ico
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Charity details for CRAVEN RECREATION GROUND - Charity 1087640
|
en
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https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/o/ccew-registertheme/images/favicon.ico
|
https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/-/charity-details/3967185/contact-information
|
Tell us whether you accept cookies
We use cookies to collect information about how you use the Charity Commission Register of Charities and Digital Services, such as pages you visit.
We use this information to better understand how you use our website so that we can improve your user experience and present more relevant content.
|
|||
6249
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dbpedia
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2
| 53 |
https://www.allentate.com/Property/Detail/0000-New-Leicester-Highway-Asheville-NC-28806/allentateCharlotte/3603724
|
en
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0000 New Leicester Highway, Asheville, NC 28806, MLS #3603724
|
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] | null |
[
"Allen Tate Realtors"
] | null |
0000 New Leicester Highway, Asheville, NC 28806, MLS #3603724 - Attention Commercial Developers and Investors: New Leicester Hwy acreage with 9-pads Mobile Home Park - 4 miles f...
|
en
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/apple-touch-icon.png
|
Allen Tate Realtors
|
https://www.allentate.com/Property/Detail/0000-New-Leicester-Highway-Asheville-NC-28806/allentateCharlotte/3603724
|
Attention Commercial Developers and Investors: New Leicester Hwy acreage with 9-pads Mobile Home Park - 4 miles from Patton Avenue. High traffic count, large corner tract with signalized light on drive-home side leaving Asheville, level acreage with over 500' frontage on 5-lane New Leicester Hwy and also on O"Donald Road. Many potentials for Commercial Development, expanded MHP, Warehouse, Storage Buildings, Apartments, or combination unrestricted usage. Outside city limits, Open Use Zoning, little to no grading necessary. Three wells plus has municipal water along side property. Existing house is residence and could be residential rental or office. 4 mobiles convey. One of few larger tracts remaining for development in this rapidly growing corridor. For GPS, the mailing address is 223 O'Donald Road Asheville NC 28806.
|
||||
6249
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dbpedia
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2
| 45 |
https://www.zillow.com/homedetails/109-Lost-Ridge-Rd-Leicester-NC-28748/53168194_zpid/
|
en
|
109 Lost Ridge Rd, Leicester, NC 28748
|
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Zillow has 36 photos of this $565,000 3 beds, 3 baths, 3,119 Square Feet single family home located at 109 Lost Ridge Rd, Leicester, NC 28748 built in 1999. MLS #4142927.
|
en
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/apple-touch-icon.png
|
Zillow
|
https://www.zillow.com/homedetails/109-Lost-Ridge-Rd-Leicester-NC-28748/53168194_zpid/
|
This beautiful countryside property with amazing views has been lovingly cared for and offers so many possibilities! Upon entering you will find that all your needs will be met with one level living. The space flows seamlessly from living, to dining and kitchen areas under charming archways. Retreat to your primary suite where you can rest in style and comfort, including large walk in closet, double vanity and soaking tub. Downstairs is another large living area perfect for all the fun and games you love with family and friends. The rest of the basement consists of the perfect mountain retreat including a full kitchen, living and sleeping area and full bath. Current owners used as a popular Airbnb destination, but could also serve as a lovely in-law suite, or whatever your needs require. Outside there is so much to explore! Gardening space, a barn that is home to a couple of friendly goats, and a stone fire pit area with ample seating.
|
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6249
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dbpedia
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| 12 |
https://www.britannica.com/browse/States-Other-Subdivisions/10
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States & Other Subdivisions Browse - Page 10
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[
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Every nation has its own subdivisions to demarcate smaller political units within its territory. Counties, districts, oblasts, polis, nomos, unitary authorities, boroughs, and cities are all examples (among...
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en
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/favicon.png
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Encyclopedia Britannica
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https://www.britannica.com/browse/States-Other-Subdivisions/10
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León
León, provincia (province) in the Castile-León comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), northwestern Spain, consisting......
list of cities and towns in the United Kingdom
This is an alphabetically ordered list of cities and towns in the United Kingdom, arranged by constituent unit......
list of prime ministers of Great Britain and the United Kingdom
The office of prime minister developed in Britain in the 18th century, when King George I ceased attending meetings......
list of U.S. states by population
As of 2023, the United States was the world’s third most-populated country, with more than 335,000,000 people.......
län
län, administrative subdivision (county) of Sweden; see...
Macau
Macau, special administrative region (Pinyin: tebie xingzhengqu; Wade-Giles romanization: t’e-pieh hsing-cheng-ch’ü)......
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https://findajob.dwp.gov.uk/search%3Floc%3D71768
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124,457 jobs in UK
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//static.findajob.dwp.gov.uk/images/favicon.ico
| null |
Sign in now to create an email alert and receive the latest jobs for this search straight in your mailbox
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Deputy Shop Manager
29 August 2024
Age UK Lancashire - Oswaldtwistle, Accrington
£20,000 to £20,000 per year, pro rata
On-site only
Permanent
Part time
Location: Oswaldtwistle Salary: £20,000 FTE Hours: 21hrs per week, working 3 days out of 7 on a flexible rota, Mon to Sunday Age UK Lancashire is looking for an inspirational person to join us as Deputy Manager in our Oswaldtwistle shop. Are you positive with ...
Personal Assistant - WPENCL
29 August 2024
Disability North - Kenton, Newcastle Upon Tyne
On-site only
Permanent
Part time
Job Title: Personal Assistant Hours: From 10 up to 25 hours per week are available Monday to Friday 8am to 1pm. 8am start is essential. Rate of Pay: £13.00 per hour. Location: Kenton, Newcastle upon Tyne Wayne is a 50-year-old man who lives with his wife and 7...
MTO Floorlayer
29 August 2024
New Forest District Council - Lymington, Hampshire
£28,905 to £36,955 per year
On-site only
Permanent
Full time
Office work not for you? An exciting opportunity has arisen for an exceptional and highly skilled Multi Trade Floorlayer to join our team. As part of a friendly and professional in-house workforce, you will be responsible for the delivery of responsive repairs...
Disability Confident
Purchase Ledger
29 August 2024
Jobwise - Oldham, Greater Manchester, OL1 1BE
£13 to £15 per hour
On-site only
Temporary
Full time
If youd like to work in a Purchase Ledger role in an education based environment with a friendly team, this could be the role for you. This long term temp role is paying the equivalent of an annual salary of GBP25,350 and comes with holiday pay, pension, free ...
Warehouse Administrator
29 August 2024
Jobwise - Bury, Greater Manchester, BL9 0TS
£12.44 to £12.44 per hour
On-site only
Temporary
Part time
Do you have experience in a Manufacturing role or environment? Would you like to work for a fantastic, high profile company in Bury? If so, this Warehouse Administrator role could be just for you. This temp role is offering the equivalent salary of GBP24,258 ...
Caretaker
29 August 2024
Jobwise - Bolton, Greater Manchester, BL3 3RT
£12.25 to £12.25 per hour
On-site only
Temporary
Full time
Have you worked as a caretaker, or do you have experience in working as a centre manager, handyperson or facilities manager? We have an immediate opportunity working for one of our childrens centres in Bolton. Working hours between 7am - 6.30pm Monday to ...
Fleet Compliance Administrator
29 August 2024
Jobwise - Warrington, Cheshire, WA4 4SN
£12 to £12 per hour
Temporary
Full time
Are you looking for a new role with an immediate start and great long term prospects? Were looking for an Administrator to work for a well-respected logistics company based in Appleton, Warrington. Youll be working Monday to Friday from the hours of 8:30am to ...
SFS installer
29 August 2024
Alpha Labour and Recruitment Ltd - Sizewell
£180 to £180 per day
On-site only
Contract
Full time
Alpha Recruitment are looking for 6 x SFS Installers to start on a project in Sizewell. Job Description: • Start date: November • Rate: £180 per day • Hours: 7:30 - 5 • Requirements: Blue CSCS Requirements: • Valid Photo ID • Be able to provide 2 references • ...
Plant Operative (Day Shift)
29 August 2024
A R Richards Ltd - TF9 2JJ
On-site only
Permanent
Full time
PLANT OPERATIVE ON MATERIALS RECOVERY FACILITY (MRF)– DAY SHIFT Company Overview Our company, A.R.Richards, is located just outside Market Drayton in Shropshire. We offer our services throughout Shropshire, Cheshire, Staffordshire, the Midlands, and Mid North ...
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dbpedia
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https://leicester.patriotproperties.com/
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FIBO
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https://spec.edmcouncil.org/favicon.ico
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https://llep.org.uk/privacy-policy/llep-privacy-notice/
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LLEP Privacy Notice
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LLEP
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https://llbsp.org.uk/privacy-policy/llep-privacy-notice/
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This Privacy Notice sets out how the Leicester and Leicestershire Enterprise Partnership Ltd. (LLEP) uses and protects any information that you give to us when you use the LLEP and Business Gateway websites or share information when communicating with the LLEP.
The LLEP works in partnership with the private, public and voluntary and community sectors to deliver growth, productivity and prosperity for its businesses, people and places. Our work with partners and government means that we collect and use information about individuals whom we work or come into contact with.
The LLEP is committed to protecting your privacy. To comply with the Data Protection Act 2018 and the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and to prevent unauthorised access, we follow strict procedures regarding the storage and disclosure of information that you consent to give us.
We may change this Policy from time to time so please check this page occasionally to ensure that you’re happy with any changes. By using our website, you’re agreeing to be bound by this Policy.
Controller and contact information
Any questions regarding this Policy and our privacy practices should be sent by email to Elizabeth Botmeh, [email protected] or in writing to Leicester and Leicestershire Enterprise Partnership Ltd, 19 Halford Street Leicester LE1 1JA.
Alternatively, you can telephone 0116 454 2917.
LLEP is the controller and is responsible for your personal data where we determine the purposes for which we process personal data and how we process that data. The LLEP is registered with the Information Commissioners Office registration number ZA518492.
LLEP is the controller and is responsible for this website.
LLEP’s accountable body is Leicester City Council (“the Council”), which is also a controller for the purpose of the GDPR and Data Protection Act 2018. LLEP’s relationship with the Council is governed by agreements, details of which can be found on our website and in the Local Assurance Framework available at https://llep.org.uk/governance/assurance/.
Where the LLEP is providing services on behalf of the Council in accordance with the Local Assurance Framework or otherwise, the Council will be the controller and we will be acting as processor of personal data on its behalf. A copy of the Council’s privacy notice can be viewed at https://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council/how-we-work/our-website/privacy/. The Council has a Data Protection Officer (DPO), who can be contacted via [email protected] or in writing to Data Protection Officer, Information Governance & Risk. Legal Services, 4th Floor, Rutland Wing, City Hall, 115 Charles Street, Leicester, LE1 1FZ
The data we collect
“Personal data” means any information which relates to an identifiable, living individual. It does not include anonymous data which cannot be linked to an identifiable person.
We will only use your personal information when the law allows us to. The law says that we must identify a lawful basis for each use of your personal data.
We collect information about you when you visit one of our websites, llep.org.uk or bizgateway.org.uk, when you attend one of our events or contact us about products and services or if you register to receive one of our newsletters.
Data is taken from you in one of the following ways:
Through our customer relationship management (CRM) software (used to track engagement for internal reporting purposes and for reporting to government)
Via our “Contact us” form (managed through our website and our CRM)
E-newsletter submission form (managed through Dotdigital formerly Dotmailer).
Event or workshop form (managed through Eventbrite and our CRM)
Project expression of interest forms managed through our Programme Management Software
Social media (managed through our social media sites)
Anonymous cookie information
All other contact (i.e. through direct contact with team members)
Through contractual obligation such as project funding or awarding tenders.
Applications to become a company director or become a member of the company.
We may collect information about you from other sources. This may include the following:
Information that we receive from our partners and affiliates
Publicly available information, including from sources such as Companies House and the Electoral Roll
Information you have shared publicly, including on social media
Information from third party databases including credit reference agencies
The type of information we collect will vary from time to time and will be determined by the purpose the data is being collected for. You will be made aware which information LLEP is collecting at the time.
This may include:
Name
Job title
Email address
Contact telephone number (business, mobile or home)
Name of Business/ Organisation including parent company or organisation, if applicable
Nature of Business/ Organisation including type, address, site, website and number of employees
Firm-level data for a business – typically company registration number, number of employees and annual turnover
Social media accounts
Equal opportunities information
Demographic information such as postcode, preferences and interests
IP address, location and browser detail
Conflicts of Interests
Project information (including commercially sensitive information)
Finance information
Other information relevant to business surveys and or/services
Details of meetings, phone calls, emails, agendas, outcomes, actions, minutes and other documents
Questions, comments, queries or feedback from engagement activities
Cookies – We use Google Analytics to help us understand how people use our website to ensure we offer the best content and user experience for our customers. This information is collected anonymously, and we cannot identify you personally from the data
How we use your data
We will only use your personal data when the law allows us to. Most commonly, we will use your personal data in the following circumstances:
Where we need to perform the contract, we are about to commence or have commenced with you.
Making payments on invoices, grants or loans.
Where it is necessary for our legitimate interests (or those of a third party), by which we mean in the interest of our LLEP’s business in conducting and managing our business to provide a strategic lead on activities contributing to the county’s economic growth. You can obtain further information about how we assess our legitimate interests against any potential impact on you in respect of specific activities by contacting us.
Where we need to comply with a legal or regulatory obligation that we are subject to.
Where consent has been given, we will use this information to send you our newsletters and other news and information about our events and service.
How we store your information
LLEP has several different ways that it holds data depending on the data collection method and the reason for data collection:
Most data is stored on systems held under our control:
LLEP uses a customer relationship management (CRM) platform for the management of engagement activities with businesses, local authorities, government organisations and private partners. The CRM data is held on secure servers within the UK.
LLEP uses a programme management solution (PMS) for the management of our grant or loan funded activities. The PMS data is held on secure servers within the UK
From time to time, the technical support staff of our CRM platform supplier (Alcium Ltd) and PMS provider (TMI Systems Ltd) may access your data. We have strict controls over how, why and when they can do this. Any access will only be done on our instruction and under contract.
Data is stored on ICT servers held by our accountable body, all LLEP staff are employed by the Council and a protocol and service support agreement is in place which details the relationship between the LLEP and the Council.
The Council services use platforms such as Microsoft Office 365, Google, Amazon Web Services and Vodafone which host data in the USA and EU under contract.
At no time will your information be passed to organisations external to us and our partners, for marketing or sales purposes or for any commercial use without your prior expressed consent.
Sharing
We may share your data with selected third parties. For example, we may share your information with:
Information may be shared with our Accountable Body in order to enable them discharge of the LEPs responsibilities.
Our funders, where we are required to do so, – HM Government, The Careers and Enterprise Company or the European Union – or in relation to the funds we manage.
Contact management systems such as Dotdigital, Evolutive, and Verto, to send and manage emails, instant messages, social media messages.
For a more detailed list see https://www.llep.org.uk/privacy/
How long do we hold your personal data?
We will only hold your personal data for as long as we need it for the purposes for which it was collected. Where we provide you with any service, we will retain any information you provide to us, for at least for as long as we continue service our agreement to you. Where we are using your personal data for one of our legitimate interests, we will only hold your personal data for as long as we have that interest.
Your data protection rights
Your personal information belongs to you and you have the right to:
correct your data if you think it is wrong (Right to Rectification);
erase your personal data in certain circumstances (Right to Erasure);
stop using your data if you think it is wrong or we shouldn’t have it, until it’s put right or deleted (Right to Restriction);
stop using your data if you think we no longer should be using it (Right to Object);
transfer the information you gave us from one organisation to another or give it to you. The right only applies if we are processing information based on your consent or under, or in talks about entering into a contract and the processing is automated (Right to Data Portability);
consider any complaint you have about how we have used your data.
How to complain
You have the right to make a complaint at any time to the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO), the UK supervisory authority for data protection issues (www.ico.org.uk). We would, however, appreciate the chance to deal with your concerns before you approach the ICO so please contact us in the first instance.
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https://www.freestoneproperties.com/neighborhoods/leicester/
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Homes for Sale in Leicester NC
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"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=211123599463935&ev=PageView&noscript=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2019-11-23T17:46:54+00:00
|
With several homes and properties available for sale, homes for sale in Leicester NC can make a great home outside the Asheville area. Explore here.
|
en
|
Freestone Properties
|
https://www.freestoneproperties.com/neighborhoods/leicester/
|
Homes for Sale Leicester NC
Leicester, NC is located just northwest of Asheville and is an unincorporated area of Buncombe County. With several homes and properties available for sale, buyers have many real estate options to choose from. Locals pronounce the name LES-ter, as opposed to the common mispronunciation of LEE-ses-ter. Many of the homes for sale in Leicester NC offer more acreage than what you might find in Asheville, with multiple townhomes, single-family houses, and smaller lots available as well.
|
|||||
6249
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 97 |
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/haward-soper-62457910_long-leaseholder-experience-of-flat-management-activity-7183733372240678912-301u
|
en
|
Haward Soper on LinkedIn: Long Leaseholder Experience of Flat Management
|
https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/sync/v2/D4D27AQHex3XrRrNsUg/articleshare-shrink_800/articleshare-shrink_800/0/1711702006785?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=PpfW19TRPt1eR8FixnmgCpVowIFgM1PDYackfIGVSgo
|
https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/sync/v2/D4D27AQHex3XrRrNsUg/articleshare-shrink_800/articleshare-shrink_800/0/1711702006785?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=PpfW19TRPt1eR8FixnmgCpVowIFgM1PDYackfIGVSgo
|
[
"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/5q92mjc5c51bjlwaj3rs9aa82"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Haward Soper"
] |
2024-04-10T07:51:43.230000+00:00
|
hi All. I hope you enjoyed Easter. I now have 370+ responses and I need a few (a lot) more. it is going well and the responses are interesting. So please take…
|
en
|
https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/al2o9zrvru7aqj8e1x2rzsrca
|
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/haward-soper-62457910_long-leaseholder-experience-of-flat-management-activity-7183733372240678912-301u
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I am working on long leasehold at present. I have an article coming out next month on consultation requirements and how the Supreme Court has wreaked havoc on the law in this area. Watch this space. I am searching for a publisher for another article, this time on administration charges. My research has uncovered charges of over £2000 for late payment of service charge, £1300 for a 'management pack' to enable a tenant to sell (they are 45 minutes work), £60 for copying a pasting a statutory requirement into a Ground Rent invoice, £500+ for permission to sublet (one's own flat!). And much more. I have concluded that what is needed is for Parliament to insert terms into long leasehold contracts to clarify tenant's rights and to strengthen them. In what world does it make sense for a landlord to charge tenants for a fire safety assessment and then refuse to provide a copy because the landlord owns it? I now have 550 responses to my survey but more is always better #leaseholdreform https://lnkd.in/ddsERft5
Development A-Z: Understanding Collateral Warranties https://lnkd.in/gYUzedBp <a href=""> - Why are collateral warranties wanted? A key precept of English frequent regulation is that you just can’t both implement the advantage of or be accountable for any obligation underneath a contract to which you aren’t a celebration. This is named privity of contract. One method to implement the provisions of a development contract to which you aren’t a celebration is to enter right into a collateral guarantee. What’s a collateral guarantee? A collateral guarantee is a contract that’s related to one other underlying, major contract (e.g. a constructing contract, a sub-contract or a advisor’s appointment). It’s entered into between: (a) the get together employed underneath the first contract (e.g. the contractor, sub-contractor or advisor) and (b) a 3rd get together who has an curiosity within the venture, to allow them to depend on the provisions of the first contract. If the guarantee grants step-in rights to the beneficiary, the unique employer can even be a celebration to consent to the proposed preparations (extra on this under). In easy phrases, a collateral guarantee bridges the contractual hole between these chargeable for designing and/or constructing a development venture – generally known as ‘the warrantor’ – and a related third get together, resembling a purchaser, tenant, funder or administration firm – generally known as ‘the beneficiary’. The beneficiary can then rely on the undertakings or covenants contained within the guarantee, enabling them to convey a declare in opposition to the warrantor within the occasion of a breach. Most collateral warranties expressly consult with the duties and obligations set out within the underlying contract, and the warrantor warrants to the third get together that it has carried out (and, the place related, will proceed to carry out) these duties and obligations in accordance with the contract. Is a collateral guarantee a development contract? A subject of a lot dialogue in recent times has been whether or not a collateral guarantee constitutes a ‘development contract’ underneath the Housing Grants, Development and Regeneration Act 1996 (“Development Act”) and, subsequently, whether or not the statutory proper to adjudicate applies to disputes underneath the guarantee. A lot-needed steerage was offered by Abbey Healthcare (Mill Hill) Restricted v Merely Assemble (Auckland) LLP [2022] EWCA Civ 823. The Court of Enchantment confirmed {that a} collateral guarantee might be deemed a development contract underneath part 104(1) of the Development Act in sure circumstances – specifically, if the collateral guarantee: (a) warrants each previous/ongoing and future efficiency of obligations, reasonably than warranting a previous state of affairs; and (b) features a nominal fee association ...
⚖ In a recent case, Eastbound Estate Pty Ltd v DC Consolidated Investments Pty Ltd [2024] VSC 40, the Supreme Court of Victoria invalidated a contract termination under a clause granting 'absolute discretion'. Here's what you need to know: • In this case, there was a purchase of a land which was conditional upon the registration of a subdivision with the local council. The council approved the registration, subject to certain requirements being met. The sale contract contained the following clause which the vendor relied on: "if [the council] ... imposes a Requirement that in the opinion of the Vendor (in its absolute discretion) is too onerous for the vendor to perform ... the Vendor may terminate this Contract". • The court emphasized that despite the inclusion of the words "absolute discretion", the clause must adhere to ordinary contract interpretation rules. This meant that the clause be read such that discretion must relate to the appropriate subject matter and must be exercised within the parameters of the broader contract. • In this case, the court ruled the termination invalid as the vendor failed to demonstrate that the council's requirements were "too onerous". Because of this condition, the vendor had to demonstrate that council's requirements were too onerous to even perform in the first place - the argument that, if performed, those requirements would result in unsatisfactory commercial outcomes was irrelevant. • Notably, if the clause instead read as "imposes a Requirement that in the opinion of the Vendor (in its absolute discretion) is unsatisfactory," the outcome might have differed. 📝 The court's decision is a reminder than in the world of #contractlaw it's (still) all about the drafting!
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH BEFORE ACQUIRING THAT PROPERTY : ‼️ Understand Market movement: Research helps you understand current market trends, such as property values, demand, and supply , which can heavily impact your decision-making along the line. understanding this helps you in no small way. ‼️Financial Preparation: By conducting research, you can establish a realistic budget and gain understanding into the financial implications of buying a property in a particular location this is because property prices differs seriously base on location. ‼️Location Assessment: Research aids in evaluating the suitability of a location based on factors like proximity to amenities, schools, transportation, place of work ,and its potential for future development( very vital) ‼️Property inspection: Thorough inspections and historical research can uncover any structural issues, or legal disputes that might affect the property's value or your decision to proceed with the purchase. ‼️Comparative Study: Research enables you to compare similar properties in the area, analyzing their prices, features, and potential for appreciation before going ahead with acquisition. ‼️Legal matters:Understanding legal requirements related to property purchases is crucial to avoid potential legal complications down the process of acquiring a property. With this few points , you can have a successful property acquisitions 😊 We have Good plots of land for sale and buildings . CALL:07017166848
Buying commercial property can be tricky. Consider these 2 points before finalising the deal: 1) Physical condition of the property Is a full survey of the property's condition available? Are there any major structural defects you should be aware of? Have smaller, rectifiable issues and their associated costs been identified? Does the user and planning status align with your own intended use? If not, a planning application will have to be made, adding delays. 2) Title deeds and due diligence Have the title deeds been thoroughly reviewed? Is the title you're acquiring "good and marketable"? Are potential issues on the title clearly identified & communicated? Purchasing commercial property comes with significant legal & financial challenges. If you’re looking for a smooth transaction, get peace of mind and contact me today: 👉 (link in comments below) ___ P.S. After 40+ years of practising law, I’ve learned a few things along the way! If you want more insights & guidance, Check out my jargon-free guides: 👉 (link in comments below) ___ #kevinohiggins #kevinohigginssolicitors #sme #commericalproperty #irishproperty
Are you purchasing a new commercial property? As a business owner, buying a new property for your business can be an exciting venture, but it comes with its own set of challenges. Here are some common issues that buyers often face and how to navigate them: ⏺️Due diligence: Failing to thoroughly investigate the property can lead to unforeseen problems. Ensure you conduct a comprehensive due diligence process, including property surveys, environmental assessments, and title searches. ⏺️Zoning and permits: Verify that the property is zoned for your intended use and that all necessary permits are in place. Changes in zoning laws or non-compliance with regulations can create significant obstacles. ⏺️Financial constraints: Securing financing for commercial properties can be more complex than for residential ones. Be prepared with a solid business plan and financial projections to present to lenders. ⏺️Property condition: Hidden structural issues, outdated systems, or non-compliance with building codes can be costly to address. A professional inspection is crucial to identify and plan for necessary repairs. ⏺️Lease agreements: If the property has existing tenants, review all lease agreements carefully. Understand the terms, tenant rights, and any potential conflicts that could impact your plans. ⏺️Market trends: The commercial real estate market can be volatile. Stay informed about current market trends and economic conditions to ensure your investment aligns with long-term goals. ⏺️Legal complications: Commercial property transactions often involve complex legal issues. Engage a qualified solicitor to guide you through the process and safeguard your interests. Navigating these challenges effectively requires preparation, professional advice, and thorough research. If you're considering buying a new commercial property, our team at BP Legal Solicitors is here to help you every step of the way. 📞 0116 253 6856 📧 [email protected] 🌐 https://lnkd.in/gJd_Ew4W #CommercialProperty #RealEstate #PropertyInvestment #LegalAdvice #DueDiligence #RealEstateLaw #BusinessGrowth #BPLegalSolicitors Bhumika Parmar Jan Clarke Reema Patel Lucy Lena Payne
Recent discussions regarding the Good Cause Eviction (GCE) Law, specifically Section 216(a)(1)(i), Grounds for removal of tenants, has raised the question of whether an owner will be able to rebut the presumption that an increase in rent above the statutory cap (the lesser of 5%+CPI or 10%) in a calendar year applies to the execution of a new fair market vacancy lease. Perhaps it is giving the Legislature too much credit to believe that they intentionally put owners in a position to have to make a choice between: (1) re-renting the unit to a new tenant with the statutory cap; or (2) having the unit sit vacant, while collecting no rent, until a new calendar year begins in order to employ a higher than statutory increase for an incoming tenant. On the other hand, reference to Section 216(1)(a)(ii), which includes the factors that a court is supposed to consider when evaluating whether an increase is unreasonable, provides: “such relevant facts also shall include whether the landlord, other than in circumstances governed by paragraph (d) of this subdivision, seeks in good faith to raise the rent upon a renewal lease * * *.” This language suggests there is an argument to be made that the presumption would only be triggered upon renewal, and to the extent that GCE seeks to protect the tenant already in occupancy. *Note, these are thoughts for consideration and discussion; this is not legal advice nor does it take the place of a court's ruling on the language of the text.
I'm thrilled to share that I've dedicated myself to expanding my knowledge in the field of real estate by completing a series of rigorous courses, all of which I passed with excellence. The courses I've recently completed cover a broad spectrum of essential topics within the real estate industry, providing me with a well-rounded understanding of various aspects of the field. Here's a detailed list of the courses I've successfully undertaken: Legal Update 1: This course delved into the intricacies of legal updates pertinent to the real estate landscape, ensuring I'm well-versed in the latest regulations and compliance standards. Legal Update 2: Building upon the foundation laid by the first legal update course, Legal Update 2 provided me with advanced insights into evolving legal frameworks, empowering me to navigate complex legal scenarios with confidence and proficiency. Technology Update: In today's digital age, staying abreast of technological advancements is paramount. This course equipped me with the latest tools and technologies shaping the real estate industry, enabling me to leverage technology effectively to streamline processes and enhance client experiences. Essential Topics - Contract Review: Contracts are the backbone of real estate transactions, and a comprehensive understanding of contract review is indispensable. This course deepened my understanding of contract essentials, ensuring meticulous attention to detail and adherence to legal requirements in every transaction. Understanding Landlord and Tenant Rights: As a real estate professional, it's crucial to have a nuanced understanding of the rights and responsibilities of both landlords and tenants. This course provided me with invaluable insights into landlord-tenant laws, fostering better-informed decision-making and facilitating smoother landlord-tenant relationships. Emotional Intelligence in Real Estate: Real estate transactions often involve high stakes and emotions, making emotional intelligence a vital skill for success in the industry. This course focused on enhancing emotional intelligence in real estate professionals, equipping me with strategies to navigate negotiations, resolve conflicts, and foster positive client relationships effectively. By diligently completing these courses, I've not only expanded my knowledge base but also honed my skills to better serve my clients and uphold the highest standards of professionalism in the real estate arena.
Understanding Covenants on Property in the UK Covenants on property play a crucial role in shaping the rights and responsibilities of property owners in the UK. Whether you're buying, selling, or developing property, understanding these covenants is essential. Here's a breakdown of what you need to know: ### What are Covenants? Covenants are legally binding agreements that impose certain obligations or restrictions on the use of land or property. These agreements can be found in various forms, including deeds, leases, or contracts. Covenants serve to protect the interests of both the property owner and neighboring properties, ensuring that certain standards are maintained and that particular activities are permitted or prohibited. ### Types of Covenants: 1. **Positive Covenants**: These require the property owner to do something, such as maintaining a fence or contributing to the upkeep of shared facilities like roads or drainage systems. 2. **Restrictive Covenants**: These prohibit certain actions or uses of the property, such as building additional structures, altering the appearance of the property, or operating a business from the premises. ### Enforceability: Covenants can be enforceable by different parties depending on their nature: - **Original Parties**: Covenants are initially agreed upon by the parties involved in the property transaction, such as the seller and buyer. These parties can enforce the covenants against each other. - **Successors in Title**: Covenants may also bind future owners of the property. These successors in title are typically bound by the covenants if they have notice of them when purchasing the property. ### Registering Covenants: Covenants can be registered with the Land Registry in the UK, ensuring that they are legally recognized and enforceable. This registration provides notice to potential buyers and helps maintain transparency in property transactions. ### Breach of Covenants: If a property owner breaches a covenant, whether it's a positive obligation or a restrictive condition, the affected party may take legal action to enforce the covenant. Remedies for breach can include damages, injunctions, or specific performance orders. ### Conclusion: Covenants on property in the UK serve as important tools for regulating land use and protecting the interests of property owners and their neighbors. Whether you're purchasing a property, drafting a lease agreement, or considering property development, it's crucial to understand the covenants that may affect your rights and obligations. Consulting with legal professionals specializing in property law can help ensure that you navigate these complexities effectively.
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https://www.inyourarea.co.uk/notices/Traffic-%26-Roads/Leicester---Short-Term-Permit-Scheme-Phase-3/640063d01bb6d7001a1c41fa
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Leicester - Short Term Permit Scheme Phase 3
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<p><strong>LEICESTER CITY COUNCIL (CLARENDON PARK AREA, LEICESTER) (SHORT TERM PERMIT SCHEME PHASE 3) TRAFFIC REGULATION ORDER 2023</strong></p>
<p><strong>NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN</strong> that Leic...
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LEICESTER CITY COUNCIL (CLARENDON PARK AREA, LEICESTER) (SHORT TERM PERMIT SCHEME PHASE 3) TRAFFIC REGULATION ORDER 2023
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that Leicester City Council has made an Order under Sections 1, 2, 4, 5, 32, 35, 35A and Part IV of Schedule 9 of the Road Traffc Regulation Act 1984 (“the Act”), and by the virtue of section 74 of the Traffc Management Act 2004 (“the 2004 Act”) as amended, in respect of roads in the City of Leicester being a Civil Enforcement Area (CEA), and all other enabling powers and after consultation with the Chief Constable for the Leicestershire Police Authority in accordance with Part III of Schedule 9 to “the Act”.
Schedule 1
The effects of this Traffc Regulation Order are: -
• To provide ‘residents’ permit parking past this point (except in signed bays)’ that will operatefrom 9.30am to 10.30am Monday to Friday inclusive on both sides for the entire lengths of the following roads: Bonnington Rd; Gainsborough Rd; Greenhill Rd; Landseer Rd; Raeburn Rd, & Stanfell Rd.
• To provide ‘residents’ permit parking past this point (except in signed bays)’ that will operate from 9.30am to 10.30am Monday to Friday inclusive on the following length(s) of road(s):
Lorne Rd, both sides from Avenue Rd Extension to Greenhill Rd, & Craighill Rd, both sides from Gainsborough Rd to Stanfell Rd.
• To revoke certain existing Prohibitions, Restrictions and Provisions.
The above roads listed in schedule 1 form Zone K for residents’ permit holders (together with those roads listed in the Leicester City Council (Clarendon Park Area, Leicester) (Short Term Permit Scheme)
Traffc Regulation Order 2022 (Phase 1) & in the Leicester City Council (Clarendon Park Area, Leicester) (Short Term Permit Scheme Phase 2) Traffc Regulation Order 2022.
All qualifying properties on the roads listed above, as well as those qualifying properties on Welford Road will be eligible for permits to park within Zone ‘K’ (as well as all qualifying properties inPhases 1 & 2 of zone K).
There are standard exemptions provided, for example: Emergency Services, loading/unloading.
A COPY of the Order, the relevant plan and the Council’s statement of reasons for making the Order is available on the Leicester City Council website: Leicester.gov.uk/traffc regulation orders.
If you wish to question the validity of the Order (which was made on 22nd February 2023) or of any provisions contained in it on the grounds that it is not within the powers conferred by the Road Traffc Regulation Act 1984, or on the grounds that any requirement of that Act, or of any instrument made under it has not been complied with in relation to the Order, you may, within six weeks from22nd February 2023 apply to the High Court for this purpose.
THIS TRAFFIC REGULATION ORDER WILL COME INTO FORCE ON THE 10th DAY OF MARCH 2023
Leicester City Council has taken the decision to introduce the TRO provisions for this scheme thatwere advertised on 17th October 2022 having considered objections that were received. Residents’ &business permits will be issued free of charge for the frst 12 months. (Thereafter, residents’ permits willcost £25.00 per year, business permits will cost £100.00 per year (for a permit for a specifc vehicle) or £150.00 per year (for a permit that is not specifc to a particular vehicle)). Visitor permits will cost £1.00 each up to a maximum of 25 permits per year.
THIS NOTICE IS DATED THIS 3rd DAY OF MARCH 2023
Andrew L SmithDirector of Planning Development and Transportation,Leicester City Council, City Hall, 115 Charles Street,Leicester, LE1 1FZ
Made/Perm/Notice/Feb/23/CM
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Many of our city centre offices are approximately 10 minutes walk from the railway station and 15 minutes walk from St Margaret's Bus Station. They are all within walking distance of each other.
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Our website uses cookies to help us keep improving. Find out more on our cookie page or you can here.
Many of our city centre offices are approximately 10 minutes walk from the railway station and 15 minutes walk from St Margaret's Bus Station. They are all within walking distance of each other.
City Hall
Leicester City Council
115 Charles Street
Leicester
LE1 1FZ
Get directions to City Hall
Changing places toilet facility available at City Hall
Town Hall
Town Hall building
Town Hall Square
Leicester
LE1 9BG
Get directions to Town Hall
York House
91 Granby Street
Leicester
LE1 6FB
Get directions to York House
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https://www.facebook.com/EdwardsRealtyNC/videos/bearwallow-subdivision-in-leicester-wncrealtoredwardsrealtynctatyanamedwardsleic/1570841503062490/
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BearWallow subdivision in Leicester #WNCRealtor #EdwardsRealtyNC #TatyanaMEdwards #LeicesterNCRealtor
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BearWallow subdivision in Leicester
#WNCRealtor
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#LeicesterNCRealtor
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https://www.facebook.com/EdwardsRealtyNC/videos/bearwallow-subdivision-in-leicester-wncrealtoredwardsrealtynctatyanamedwardsleic/1570841503062490/
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https://www.nea.org.uk/event/fuel-poverty-forum-east-midlands/
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Fuel Poverty Forum – East Midlands
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https://www.nea.org.uk/event/fuel-poverty-forum-east-midlands/
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NEA’s free Fuel Poverty Forums are aimed at frontline service providers, to examine practical and policy initiatives related to fuel poverty and delivering energy efficiency solutions at a local, regional and national level. The regional forums showcase innovation, good practice and promote dialogue and discussion on a wide range of sectoral issues to help NEA shape policy developments and campaigns.
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essential for the site to work
to help improve our website by collecting and reporting information on how you use it
We would also like to save some cookies to help tailor communications.
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https://www.har.com/homedetail/515-leicester-ln-houston-tx-77034/3436755
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515 Leicester Ln, HOUSTON, TX 77034
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[] | null |
515 Leicester Ln, HOUSTON, TX 77034 ∙ $220,630 ∙ View more.
|
en
|
https://www.har.com/homedetail/515-leicester-ln-houston-tx-77034/3436755
|
Description
515 Leicester Ln (currently not for sale) is located in Sycamore Valley subdivision in Harris County. Scroll to see the property features, tax value, mortgage calculator, nearby schools and similar homes for sale.
The property information herein and below is from the county appraisal district and should be independently verified.
|
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Welcome to the career site of Leicester City Council. Find thousands of education and teaching jobs on Eteach
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Welcome to Leicester City Education and Children’s Services - Recruitment for Teaching and Support Staff Vacancies in Leicester City Schools/Colleges.
Leicester is the largest city in the in the East Midlands and being at the heart of the UK has easy access to almost every major city in the country through excellent road and rail links.
Recent investment in our schools and colleges through Transforming the Learning Environment (TLE) with the Secondary Building Schools for the Future (BSF) and the Primary Capital Programme (PCP), and in our City through retail developments of the Highcross Shopping Centre, the Curve Theatre, a digital media centre at Phoenix Square and leisure facilities, means Leicester is growing into a city of the future and a great place to live and work.
If you’d like to be part of our teaching or support staff workforce, in our continually improving schools and colleges, read more about working for us, take a look at our schools/colleges latest vacancies and join our LA talent pool. We look forward to welcoming you to Leicester City Schools/Colleges.
Schools and Learning - Leicester City - Click Here
About Us Leicester City has a total of 93 (maintained, voluntary aided and trust) schools/colleges, made up of 68 Infant, Junior and Primary Schools, 16 Secondary Schools and 9 Special Schools/Pupil Referral Units.
There are 17 Academies/Free Schools in Leicester City.
Our Commitment to Raising Achievement Leicester City Council has a commitment to excellence in education by working with partners to raise achievement of children and young people and ensure they do this in successful schools and settings.
Recent years have seen a significant change in the educational landscape. In Leicester we have sought to develop a partnership approach which draws upon the diverse and rich resource available to us within the local authority, our settings, schools and academies. We are ambitious for our schools and young people and want to ensure that all partners, including ourselves, are maximising efforts to bring about the improvements necessary to reach the targets we set for our City. We recognise that schools and academies are responsible for their own improvement but we take seriously our responsibility to promote high standards and our accountability for the quality of provision and outcomes.
Ofsted results confirm the success of our strategy to raise achievement, with growing numbers of primary, secondary and special schools being judged as good or outstanding.
During the 2018/19 academic year 84% percent of schools in Leicester City were rated good or outstanding.
Leicester City Council and our schools/colleges are dedicated to making a real difference for pupils, parents, students, teachers, support staff and the community. We believe effective recruitment is fundamental to a schools success. Finding people with the necessary skills, experience, qualifications and attributes will enable us to deliver quality results.
Our recruitment practices are designed to help appoint the best person for the job, whilst ensuring recruitment practices are fair, equitable and transparent, and we recruit a diverse workforce. We are committed to Equal Opportunities in employment and to improving workforce representation to reflect the communities we serve. To view the Corporate Equality and Diversity Strategy 2018 - 2022 in full please click here
We are also committed to safeguarding in the recruitment process, ensuring the safety and welfare of all children and young people. Further information is available in the Guidance for Applicants document, available with job vacancy details. Safeguarding Recruitment Leicester City Council and all our schools/colleges are committed to keeping children and young people safe from harm and abuse and to promoting their welfare, and we expect that everyone who comes to work for us will share the same commitment. Fulfilling this responsibility includes making sure that our recruitment process includes a range of measures to identify those who may be unsuitable to work with children and young people. All roles within our schools/colleges are covered by the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 (Exceptions) Order 1975, and are subject to an enhanced Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check. These posts may also be subject to further DBS re-checks at appropriate intervals.
Join us if you’d like to be part of our teaching or support staff workforce in our continually improving schools and colleges, our commitment to improving opportunities for everyone and achieve our ambition to be the best city in the region and the UK please take a look at our vacancies.
To receive email notification of future school vacancies that may be of interest to you, please join our Talent Pool and also register for the Vacancy Bulletin for a weekly round up of current vacancies in our schools/colleges. We're always interested to hear from enthusiastic, committed teachers and support staff.
At Eteach, we are dedicated to finding you a job in a Leicester City School. Search for secondary, primary and support jobs in Leicester City.
However if there are no jobs currently suitable for you, please register for the Leicester City vacancy bulletin for jobs direct to your inbox, and join the East Midlands Talent Pool which will allow all schools within the region to view your CV. You can also join individual school talent pools, so that only schools you want viewing your CV will see your details. Read more about Talent Pools here.
Leicester City school jobs
Secondary Jobs in Leicester City
Primary School Jobs in Leicester City
Support Roles in Leicester City
Leadership Jobs in Leicester City
SEN Jobs in Leicester City
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https://wlos.com/news/local/affordable-housing-project-approved-new-leicester-highway-69-units-buncombe-county-board-adjustment-february-13
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en
|
Affordable housing project of 69 units approved for New Leicester Highway
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"New Leicester Highway",
"Mountain Housing Opportunities",
"Buncombe County",
"Single-family homes",
"Soft-second financing",
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[
"Justin Berger",
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] |
2024-02-15T22:14:10+00:00
|
A proposed subdivision off New Leicester Highway is moving closer to reality after being approved Tuesday night, Feb. 13, by the Buncombe County Board of Adjust
|
en
|
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WLOS
|
https://wlos.com/news/local/affordable-housing-project-approved-new-leicester-highway-69-units-buncombe-county-board-adjustment-february-13
|
A proposed subdivision off New Leicester Highway is moving closer to reality after being approved Tuesday night, Feb. 13, by the Buncombe County Board of Adjustment.
The proposed project, called Pentland Hills, is a 69-unit development with a mix of single-family homes and attached single-family homes, of which at least 75% are to be affordable.
Joe Quinlan, home ownership manager at Mountain Housing Opportunities (MHO), defined affordable housing as not costing a buyer more than one-third of their income while serving members of the community who are earning 80% of the area median income or less.
Quinlan said the proposed project on Pentland Hills Drive will be very similar to Lillie Farm Cove, an award-winning MHO development in Weaverville.
“There I think we hit more like 80-85% affordable and mixed in just a few unrestricted sales,” Quinlan said.
He estimated most of the homes will appraise for over $300,000 each, which he said will be out of the range for many of the families his nonprofit is trying to serve.
“What that means for us is, many of these families will qualify a certain amount of a first mortgage," he said. "It won’t be enough to buy the house. We never sell our houses for less than their value, we never make a gift of equity to anybody. We will lend these families what they need in the form of soft-second financing so that we’re lending them the difference between their first mortgage and what the house appraises for.”
Quinlan said there are no payments or traditional interest on the money they lend, and the loans increase in value at the same rate as the homes.
But the nonprofit is not on its own.
Dogwood Health Trust gave $1 million in grant money on the condition that 75% of the homes are affordable.
Additionally, the United States Agricultural Department is helping with first mortgages.
As for the next steps, the land is purchased and MHO is awaiting staff approval from Buncombe County.
|
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| 1 |
https://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council/how-we-work/data-protection-and-foia/
|
en
|
Data protection and freedom of information
|
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Find out how you can access the personal data we hold about you, and how you can apply to access non-confidential information we hold.
|
en
|
/images/apple-touch-icon.png
|
https://www.leicester.gov.uk/
|
Find out how you can access the personal data we hold about you, and how you can apply to access non-confidential information we hold.
Data protection
You have the right to access your personal data held by the council, under the Data Protection Act. We regard your privacy as important, and all of our employees who have access to your personal data are obliged to comply with the act.
Requesting a copy of your personal information is easy. You need to download and complete a request form and provide identification, or apply online through My Account.
You can view full details on how to make a Data Protection Act request.
Please email [email protected] to report a data breach or write to Information Governance, 4th Floor, City Hall, 115 Charles Street, Leicester, LE1 1FZ.
Freedom of information
The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) introduced a general right of access to all non-confidential information held by public bodies, such as councils.
We already publish a lot of information on our transparency and open data page.
Examples of the types of information requested include statistics, reports, minutes of meetings or council procedures.
Making a request to us is easy and free. You need to put your request in writing, provide sufficient detail for us to find the information you want, and supply a name, address and contact number or email address.
You can view full details on how to make a Freedom of Information Act request.
Policies
Use the links below to access policies:
Public funds
We have a duty to protect public funds we administrate, and may use information you provide us for the prevention and detection of fraud. We may also share this information with partner organisations responsible for auditing or handling public funds for this purpose. for further information, please email [email protected].
If you’re not happy with our service
You can complete our online complaints form, call us on 0116 454 1000, or visit us at any council office. You can also write to us at: Freepost YORKHOUSE (Please title your letter 'Comment, Compliment or Complaint' but do not write anything on the envelope except “Freepost YORKHOUSE” or it will not reach us.
If you have any complaints about how your personal data has been shared, or how your request for information has been handled, please submit your complaint in writing.
|
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https://sandfieldclose.leicester.sch.uk/leicester/primary/sandfield/site/pages/informationforparents/complaints
|
en
|
Sandfield Close Primary School
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Most parents enjoy a good relationship with the Headteacher and staff at their child’s school, and schools and teachers work hard to keep parents informed about school policies and their child’s work. However, there may be times when this does not work, and parents want to raise matters with the school.
Many issues can be resolved informally, without the need to use the formal stages of the complaints procedure.
Concerns should initially be raised informally with your child’s class teacher or the staff member delivering the service you have concerns about.
Wherever possible the class teacher/staff member will respond to your concern immediately or, if this is not possible, will investigate your concern and respond promptly.
We understand, however, that there are occasions where you feel the need to raise formal complaints.
Each school is required by the Department for Education to produce and publish a formal complaints policy. Before making a complaint, look on their website or ask the school office for a copy of their policy.
You can submit a formal complaint to the school in person, in writing or by telephone.
The Department for Education recommend that school’s complaint policies should consist of the following two stages:
Raise your complaint with the Headteacher/Principal, who will investigate and formally respond to you in accordance with the school’s published complaint’s policy.
However, if the complaint is about the headteacher or a member of the governing body, the school will arrange for a suitably skilled governor to investigate the matter instead.
If you remain dissatisfied with the outcome of your Stage 1 complaint, you can choose to take the matter further.
Write to the Clerk to the Governors and ask for a meeting of the Governing Body’s complaints committee. You can hand your letter in at the school office or email it to them using the contact details on the school’s website.
The clerk will then write to you to confirm the arrangements for a meeting of members of the complaints committee. Where they consider it necessary, they will invite you to attend to provide evidence in person. Alternatively, they may choose to consider your written representations instead.
Once the meeting has been held, the Chair of the committee will write to you with the outcome, including a full explanation of their decision and to confirm how you can escalate your complaint if you remain dissatisfied.
After Stage 2 has been completed, if you believe the school have not handled your complaint in accordance with their published complaints policy, or if they acted unlawfully or unreasonably in the exercise of their duties under education law, you can contact the Department for Education.
Contact the School Complaints Unit on 0370 000 2288 or online at: www.education.gov.uk/help/contactus
Or you can write to them at:
Department for Education
Piccadilly Gate
Store Street
Manchester
M1 2WD.
The Department for Education will not normally reinvestigate the substance of complaints or overturn any decisions made by schools. However, they will consider whether the school has adhered to education legislation and any statutory policies connected with the complaint.
|
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dbpedia
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https://live.dovetailgames.com/live/train-sim-world/tags/roadmap
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Train Sim World
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Announcements, updates and features. Get the inside news on everything about Train Sim World!
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https://www.capitalrea.net/listings/subdivision/Leicester-Sub-Bvv/homes-for-sale/
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Leicester Sub Bvv Homes for Sale
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en
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Capitalrea.net
|
https://www.capitalrea.net/listings/subdivision/Leicester-Sub-Bvv/homes-for-sale/
|
Welcome to Leicester Subdivision in Bella Vista, Arkansas! This charming neighborhood is nestled in Benton County, offering a serene and picturesque setting for residents to call home. With easy access to all the amenities and conveniences of Bella Vista, Leicester Subdivision provides the perfect balance of tranquility and convenience.
Homes for sale in Leicester Subdivision truly embody the essence of modern living. From cozy starter homes to spacious family residences, there is something for everyone in this sought-after community. Whether you're looking for a contemporary design with all the latest features or a more traditional style with a cozy feel, Leicester Subdivision has it all.
Imagine coming home to tree-lined streets, well-manicured lawns, and a strong sense of community. Residents of Leicester Subdivision enjoy a close-knit neighborhood where neighbors become friends and every day feels like a retreat. With nearby parks, shopping, dining, and top-rated schools, Leicester Subdivision is the ideal place to put down roots and create lasting memories.
If you're looking for a place to call home in Bella Vista, look no further than Leicester Subdivision. Discover the perfect blend of comfort, convenience, and community in this inviting neighborhood. Explore the homes for sale in Leicester Subdivision and find your dream home today!
|
||||||
6249
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 22 |
https://le.ac.uk/richard-iii/discovery/grey-friars-in-old-maps
|
en
|
Grey Friars in old maps and plans
|
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2020-11-30T00:00:00
|
Historic maps of Leicester were an invaluable source of information for pinpointing the potential location of the Grey Friars, charting how that area of the town has changed over the last 400 years.
|
en
|
/Assets/Favicons/apple-touch-icon.png?v=638150794
|
University of Leicester
|
https://le.ac.uk/richard-iii/discovery/grey-friars-in-old-maps
|
Historic maps of Leicester were an invaluable source of information for pinpointing the potential location of the Grey Friars, charting how that area of the town has changed over the last 400 years.
17th-century maps
The first maps of Leicester date to the early 17th century, but these show too little detail to be of much use. One map, produced by John Speed in 1610, even shows Grey Friars in the wrong place, mislabelling the Dominican friary of Black Friars in the town’s north-west quarter rather than the real site in the town’s south-east quarter which was left unmarked.
18th-century maps
By the early 18th century cartographic techniques were becoming more refined. William Stukeley’s map of Leicester, produced in 1724, correctly marks ‘Gray Fryers’ in a block of land south of St Martin’s church but lacks detail to be more precise. Thomas Robert’s map of the town, dated 1741, shows accurate detail of the Grey Friars area, clearly depicting a large enclosure labelled ‘Gray Fryers’, which is undoubtedly the friary precinct.
Although Roberts’ map dates to 200 years after the friary, it is believed that the boundaries remained unchanged (a commonplace occurrence) when Robert Herrick built his mansion house here. Although Highcross Street to the west and (what is now) Hotel Street to the east are shown as having built-up frontages, there are comparatively few buildings on the Friar Lane and Peacock Lane/St Martins frontages. Much of the area of the former friary precinct and later post-dissolution mansion seems to be occupied by orchards and gardens, some of the latter with apparently formal layouts. A rather sketchy group of structures close to the Friar Lane frontage (immediately north of the street name on the map) represent the Herrick mansion and perhaps a surviving medieval gateway or gatehouse.
19th-century maps
In the 19th century, Thomas Combe’s map of 1804 showed no interior detail of the Grey Friars area but was the first to show New Street bisecting the site. Another map, produced by John Fowler in 1828 showed more detail, with buildings appearing along New Street and a chapel on Friar Lane; whilst away from the street frontages most of the area is still shown as garden plots or open land.
Burton’s town plan of 1844 clearly shows the subdivision of the Grey Friars area into properties extending off Friar Lane and Peacock Lane. Pare & Co. Banking House is labelled on St Martin’s and importantly, Robert Herrick’s mansion can still be seen set back from Friar Lane.
Late 19th-century and 20th-century maps
It was not until the late 19th century, with the publication of the first edition 1:500 Ordnance Survey town plan in 1887 that real detail of the Grey Friars area becomes available. By then, buildings largely covered the whole of the Grey Friars site with areas away from the streets all shown as gardens.
Contemporary with the Ordnance Survey are a series of plans for the city produced by Charles Goad, civil engineers between the 1880s and the 1950s. These were published to help insurance companies assess the premium rates of properties. The surveys indicate building proximity, materials, occupancy, and water sources. Often, they state the number of stories in each building and whether or not they were cellared. Goad plans of the Grey Friars area are available between 1892 and 1944.
These late 19th and early 20th century maps chart the continued development of the Grey Friars area. Notable additions include extensions to the Alderman Newton’s School between 1892 and 1915, construction of the Southgates bus station between 1923 and 1930, development of the County Council offices between 1923 and 1944, and the change in land-use from ‘garden’ to ‘car park’ or ‘motor park’ for many of the open area between 1923 and 1938.
The 1955 25” OS map marked for the first time ‘Franciscan friary (site of)’ in a car park to the west of New Street. The legend was repeated on the 1969 edition but was dropped from the 1970s onwards.
Maps between 1888 and 1955 show numerous small outbuildings in the area of ‘garden’/’car park’ in which the project focused. Of particular note, the 1938 Goad plan showed a single-story library extending west across the car park from the Alderman Newton’s School; whilst one of the out-buildings off the back of 6a St Martin’s was shown to be a garage. These had all gone by 1944. The outbuildings to the rear of 6a St Martin’s ultimately proved to be built over Richard III’s grave. A building plan for an extension to the County Council offices along St Martin’s, dated 26 July 1934, listed them as a W.C. and coal store which were to be replaced by a garage and other storerooms.
See the next steps in the excavation to find the remains of Richard III
|
||||
6249
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 75 |
http://wikimapia.org/13737/Leicester-Square
|
en
|
quarter (urban subdivision)
|
http://photos.wikimapia.org/p/00/00/21/01/68_big.jpg
|
http://photos.wikimapia.org/p/00/00/21/01/68_big.jpg
|
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[
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Leicester Square Leicester Square (pronounced "Lester Square") is a pedestrianised square in the West End of London, England. The Square lies within an area bound by Lisle Street, to the north;...
|
en
|
http://wikimapia.org/13737/Leicester-Square
|
Russell Square Gardens 1.4 km
Grosvenor Square 1.6 km
Eaton Square 2.2 km
Roman Road Market 7.3 km
World Square 8.4 km
Box Hill School 30 km
St Annes-on-the-Sea Town Square 317 km
Gynn Square 325 km
Merrion Square 463 km
Kenilworth Square 463 km
Leicester Square Garden
Chinatown, London 0.1 km
National Gallery 0.2 km
St. Martin's Courtyard 0.4 km
Covent Garden 0.5 km
Soho 0.5 km
St. James's 0.6 km
Central London 0.7 km
St Clement Danes 0.8 km
City of Westminster 2.3 km
|
||||
9201
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 35 |
https://www.cbc.ca/documentaries/specials/newfoundland-at-armageddon-1.5092136
|
en
|
Over 100 years ago, a single day changed Newfoundland forever
|
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"CBC Docs"
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2019-04-10T16:25:00+00:00
|
Brave men from Newfoundland proudly represented their regiment in the First World War. But one battle in particular would change a generation, and Newfoundland, forever.
|
en
|
/a/apple-touch-icon.png
|
CBC
|
https://www.cbc.ca/documentaries/specials/newfoundland-at-armageddon-1.5092136
|
Over one hundred years bago and an ocean away brave men from Newfoundland proudly represented their regiment in the First World War. But one battle in particular would change a generation, and Newfoundland, forever.
The battle of Beaumont-Hamel in France, recreated in CBC's Newfoundland at Armageddon would see hundreds of Newfoundlanders killed on the battlefield, and the war effort would contribute to bankrupting the future province, changing the course of history.
During WWI, Newfoundland was not yet a part of Canada, but was a Dominion of the British Empire. When the British needed their help, men signed up voluntarily. Most had no experience in battle, and the battle of Beaumont-Hamel was one of the bloodiest of the war.
On July 1, 1916, some 800 Newfoundlanders went over the top of the trenches toward German machine gun fire — only 68 made roll call the next day. These types of numbers were common during the Great War, but in a close community like Newfoundland, the deaths touched everyone.
The emotional impact of these losses echoed for years through Newfoundland, but the battle resulted in many other effects that would plague, and in some cases bolster, the province in the coming decades.
Years of debt
Newfoundland raised a huge sum of money for the war effort — $500,000 in 1916, equivalent to $11 million today — but they still borrowed tens of millions from Great Britain over the course of the four-year war. Within a single generation, Newfoundland was bankrupt. By 1932, they owed Britain $101 million, and weren't even able to service the interest on that debt.
England was particularly unforgiving, especially considering the sacrifice Newfoundlanders made to support them. In a desperate move in exchange for economic support, Newfoundland gave up its independence to Britain. No elections were held for 15 years, and eventually the government paid back its loans — one of the few combatant countries to actually get back in the black.
This debt, plus the Great Depression and its negative effect on Newfoundland's cod business, put Newfoundland in financial turmoil for decades.
A political vacuum
At the time of the first world war, Newfoundland was small — around 240,000 people — so many of its best and brightest signed up to go overseas. Men who might have one day become political leaders or captains of industry never made it off the battlefield. This left a gap a generation wide.
On a smaller, but no less important scale, families back home relied on those able-bodied men to bring in a monthly wage to keep the home afloat. When they didn't return, many in Newfoundland were financially crippled, and the effects of the loss rippled through generations as the island struggled to reestablish itself politically.
Loss of democracy
The enormous debt and a missing generation of young men lead to instability and uncertainty in Newfoundland for many years. Finally, after 15 years of repayment, Newfoundland was no longer in debt to Great Britain, it had prospered during the second world war, and it seemed was once again in control of its own future.
Newfoundlanders would have to choose between continued British rule, joining Canada in Confederation, or self-governance — a very popular option.
In 1948, in a controversial referendum, Newfoundland voted to join Canada as the 10th province, with confederation winning by a very narrow margin. Some celebrated, others flew the flag at half-mast. Had the province not gone bankrupt and lost its political rutter, they might still be an independent nation today.
Women's suffrage
The effects of the first world war weren't entirely negative for Newfoundland, however. Where some areas suffered politically, women charged forward to secure the vote after a strong war time showing. The money raised for soldiers was almost entirely collected by Women's Patriotic Associations, which sprung up all over Newfoundland during the war — some 240 branches.
The women held raffles and bazaars — anything to raise cash, not to mention they sewed thousands upon thousands of socks for their boys, and made blankets and medical gauze for the effort at large.
This involvement lead to a political awakening, and in turn, a suffrage movement.
So, in 1923, seven years after the first Canadian women voted, a suffrage bill passed unanimously in the Newfoundland legislature, and a feminist movement was born.
Newfoundland pride
Despite what can be argued as a senseless loss of lives, Newfoundland was proud of its contribution to the war. Although it was small, it was mighty. Newfoundlanders had proven themselves to be tough, brave and loyal on the battlefield.
That sense of pride still resonates through the province today. Many who live there consider themselves a Newfoundlander first, and a Canadian second to this day.
|
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dbpedia
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https://kids.kiddle.co/Banknotes_of_the_Canadian_dollar
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Banknotes of the Canadian dollar facts for kids
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Learn Banknotes of the Canadian dollar facts for kids
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https://kids.kiddle.co/Banknotes_of_the_Canadian_dollar
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Banknotes of the Canadian dollar are the banknotes or bills (in common lexicon) of Canada, denominated in Canadian dollars (CAD, C$, or $ locally). Currently, they are issued in $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100 denominations. All current notes are issued by the Bank of Canada, which released its first series of notes in 1935. The Bank of Canada has contracted the Canadian Bank Note Company to produce the Canadian notes since then. The current series of polymer banknotes were introduced into circulation between November 2011 and November 2013. Banknotes issued in Canada can be viewed at the Bank of Canada Museum in Ottawa.
Currently produced series
The currently produced banknote series of the Canadian dollar both consist of polymer banknotes: the 7th series (Frontier), which was launched in 2011, and the 8th series, which was launched in 2018.
Value Main colour Obverse portrait Reverse design Series year Issued 8th banknote series $10 Purple Viola Desmond Canadian Museum for Human Rights 2018 19 November 2018 7th (Frontier) banknote series $5 Blue Wilfrid Laurier Canadarm2 and Dextre 2013 7 November 2013 $10 Purple John A. Macdonald The Canadian passenger train 2013 7 November 2013 $20 Green Queen Elizabeth II Canadian National Vimy Memorial and poppies 2012 7 November 2012 $50 Red William Lyon Mackenzie King CCGS Amundsen in arctic waters, a map of Canada's North, and the word arctic in Inuktitut (ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖅ, 'ukiuqtaqtuq') 2012 26 March 2012 $100 Brown Robert Borden Medical research, invention of the pacemaker, a DNA double helix, and a vial of insulin 2011 14 November 2011
On 6 May 2023, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that the $20 bill would be updated to feature the new king, Charles III.
Production
Notes are issued by the Bank of Canada, but the actual production of the banknotes is outsourced to the Canadian Bank Note Company in accordance with the specifications and requirements of the Bank of Canada. All wording on the notes appears in both of Canada's official languages, English and French. Banknotes were printed on paper composed of pure cotton. Cotton fibre was discontinued and replaced by a synthetic polymer starting in 2011, with the last of the paper banknotes being made available in November 2013.
Counterfeiting
Efforts to reduce counterfeiting in recent years have sharply reduced the number of counterfeit notes in circulation. The number of counterfeit notes passed annually in Canada peaked in 2004, when 553,000 counterfeit notes were passed. Counterfeiting has decreased annually since that peak, with only 53,536 notes passed in 2010. The new Frontier series of banknotes significantly improves security primarily by using a polymer substrate to make up the note instead of the previously used fabric. Even as Canada's counterfeiting problem escalated, the shift to polymer was viewed as too expensive. A polymer note costs 19 cents to produce, compared to 9 cents for a typical cotton-paper note. All older cotton-paper banknotes prior to the 2013 polymer series are now considered unfit for circulation due to their lacking of modern security features, such as a metallic stripe. Financial institutions must return the banknotes to the Bank of Canada, which will destroy them. Individuals may keep the banknotes indefinitely.
Counterfeiting is measured using a system borrowed from chemistry known as parts per million (PPM). Normally used to judge the potency of molecules in a solution, PPM in the counterfeit sense refers to the number of fake banknotes found in circulation for every one million genuine notes. In 1990, Canada's counterfeit ratio was just 4 PPM, ranking its currency among the most secure in the world. By the late 1990s, the rise of powerful and affordable home computers, store-bought graphics software, easy-to-use scanners and colour ink-jet printers were breeding a new generation of counterfeiters. The number of fake Canadian bills rose as high as 117 PPM by 1997. In 2004 Canada's counterfeit rate had ballooned to 470 PPM. In 2012, the counterfeiting rate had fallen to its lowest point, at 28 PPM. It has since started modestly rising to 36 PPM in 2014. The Bank of Canada's medium-term planning target is to stay below 30 PPM. Most G20 nations used 50 PPM as their benchmark to stay below.
History
See also: History of Canadian currency
The first paper money issued in Canada denominated in dollars were British Army notes, issued between 1813 and 1815 in denominations between $1 and $400. These were emergency issues due to the War of 1812. The first banknotes were issued in 1817 by the Montreal Bank.
Chartered banks
Main article: Canadian chartered bank notes
See also: Early Canadian banking system
Large numbers of chartered banks were founded in the 1830s, 1850s, 1860s and 1870s, although many issued paper money for only a short time. Others, including the Montreal Bank (later called the Bank of Montreal), issued notes for several decades. Until 1858, many notes were issued denominated in both shillings/pounds and dollars (5 shillings = $1 therefore 1 pound = $4). A large number of different denominations were issued, including $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $10, $20, $25, $40, $50, $100, $500, $750 and $1,000. After 1858, only dollar denominations were used. The Bank Act of 1871 limited the smallest denomination the chartered banks could issue to $4, increased to $5 in 1880. To facilitate purchases below $5 without using Dominion notes, some charted banks issued notes in unusually domesticated denominations, such as the $6 and $7 notes issued by the Molsons Bank in 1871. After Confederation, chartered banks were permitted to continue issuing notes until 1944.
Colonial governments
Before Canadian Confederation, dollar-denominated notes were issued by the governments of the Colony of British Columbia, the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. Of these, the Province of Canada, established in 1841, was the most prolific issuer of paper money. Notes were produced for the government by the Bank of Montreal between 1842 and 1862, in denominations of $4, $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100. In 1866, the Province of Canada began issuing its own paper money, in denominations of $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100 and $500. The Dominion of Newfoundland issued notes denominated in Newfoundland dollars from 1901 until it joined Confederation in 1949.
Government of Canada
For a temporary period following Confederation in 1867, Province of Canada notes served as the Dominion of Canada's first national currency, and notes were dispatched from Ontario and Quebec to the other provinces. In 1870, the first Dominion of Canada notes were issued in denominations of 25¢, $1, $2, $500 and $1,000. $50 and $100 notes followed in 1872. The bulk of later government note production was of $1 and $2 notes, with a $4 denomination added in 1882. Notes of $5 were issued starting in 1912. The last 25¢ notes, known as shinplasters due to their small size, were dated 1923. Special notes called Bank Legals were issued by the Dominion of Canada only to banks for transferring large sums of money in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, and $50,000. Issuance of all Dominion notes ceased in 1935, after the establishment of the Bank of Canada.
Other public issuers
Some municipalities also issued dollar-denominated notes. This was most prevalent in the 1930s, when depression scrip was issued in an attempt to alleviate the effects of the Great Depression on local citizens. The province of Alberta also launched its own scheme in 1936 by issuing prosperity certificates.
Bank of Canada
In 1934, with only ten chartered banks still issuing notes, the Bank of Canada was founded and began issuing notes in denominations of $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $25, $50, $100, $500 and $1000. In 1944, the chartered banks were prohibited from issuing their own currency, with the Royal Bank of Canada and the Bank of Montreal among the last to issue notes. Since then, the Bank of Canada has been the sole issuer of banknotes denominated in Canadian dollars. A liability of more than $12 million remains on the Bank of Canada's books up to the present day, representing the face value of Dominion of Canada, provincial, and chartered bank notes still outstanding.
Withdrawn denominations
Main article: Withdrawn Canadian banknotes
The 1935 series was the only series to have included $25 and $500 denominations. Both denominations were short lived. The $25 note was withdrawn on 18 May 1937. Stacks of unissued 1935 $500 notes were destroyed in February 1938, and issued $500 notes were recalled and withdrawn from circulation five months later.
Some of the most significant recent developments in Canadian currency were the withdrawal of the $1, $2, and $1,000 notes in 1989, 1996, and 2000 respectively. The $1 and $2 denominations have been replaced with coins, colloquially referred to as the "loonie" and "toonie" respectively, with the loonie simultaneously replacing the $1 bill as well as the preceding Voyageur dollar coin, the latter of which remains legal tender. In 2000, the $1,000 note was removed at the request of the Solicitor General of Canada and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, as it was reported that they were largely being used for money laundering and organized crime.
List of Bank of Canada banknote series
1935
Main article: 1935 Canadian banknote series
The Bank of Canada was created in 1934 and given responsibility, through an Act of Parliament, to regulate the country's money supply and to "promote the economic and financial welfare of Canada." Accordingly, it was given the exclusive right to issue bank notes in Canada. On 11 March 1935, the Bank of Canada issued its first series of bank notes.
1937
Main article: 1937 Canadian banknote series
The creation of a second series of bank notes, only two years after the first issue, was prompted by changes in Canadian government legislation requiring the Bank of Canada to produce bilingual bank notes. Another contributing factor was the death of King George V on 20 January 1936, and the subsequent abdication of Edward VIII.
1954 Canadian Landscape
Main article: Canadian Landscape
The third series of banknotes of the Canadian dollar issued by the Bank of Canada was the Canadian Landscape series. The banknotes were designed in 1952 following the accession of Elizabeth II to the throne after the death of her father George VI. Her portrait appeared on all denominations in the series. The banknote designs differed significantly from the 1937 series, though the denomination colours and bilingual printing were retained. The design changes were made to portray themes more typical of Canada. This was the first series to include the Canadian coat of arms, which appeared centrally in the background of the obverse.
The banknote series became known as the "Devil's Head" series, because the hair behind the Queen's head looked somewhat like a grinning demon. This led to design modifications for all denominations. The second variant of the series was issued in 1956.
1969 Scenes of Canada
Main article: Scenes of Canada
Because of a growing concern over counterfeiting, the Bank of Canada began to release a new series of bank notes in 1969.
This series represented another complete departure in design from earlier issues:
colourful, wavy patterns were introduced;
a new series of Canadian scenic vignettes was created;
portraits of former Canadian prime ministers were re-introduced. Both Laurier and Macdonald were on the 1935 and 1937 series, but now joined by King and Borden.
This was the last series to feature a $1 banknote, with the banknote replaced by a dollar coin – known as a loonie for its design of a loon on the obverse – in 1987; printing of the $1 banknote ceased in 1989. However, there was a 21-month period where both the $1 bill and coin were produced concurrently, from June 1987 to April 1989.
1986 Birds of Canada
Main article: Birds of Canada (banknotes)
In 1986 the Bank of Canada introduced new banknotes called the Birds of Canada series. The design on the back of each note features a bird indigenous to Canada with a background representing the typical landscape for that bird. The portraits on the front of the note were made larger than those of previous series, and a metallic patch was introduced on the larger notes. Each banknote weighs 1 gram (0.035 oz). This series was the first to include a bar code with the serial number. This allows the visually impaired to distinguish notes with the use of a hand-held device that tells the note's denomination.
This was also the last series that the $2 and $1,000 notes were issued. The $2 note was withdrawn in 1996 and replaced by the $2 coin, known as the toonie. The $1,000 note was withdrawn by the Bank of Canada on 12 May 2000, at the request of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) as part of a program to reduce organized crime. At the time, 2,827,702 of the $1,000 bills were in circulation; by 2011, fewer than 1 million were in circulation, most held by organized crime.
2001 Canadian Journey
Main article: Canadian Journey
Beginning in 2001, the Bank of Canada introduced a new series of notes called "Canadian Journey", featuring images of Canadian heritage and excerpts from Canadian literature. The $10 was first issued on 17 January 2001; the $5 on 27 March 2002; the $100 note on 17 March 2004, the $20 on 29 September 2004, and the $50 on 17 November 2004.
The $20, $50, and $100 notes introduce watermark security features for the first time on Canadian currency since the four-dollar Dominion notes; they also boast significantly expanded holographic security features. Also among the new features are a windowed colour-shifting thread woven into the paper, a see-through number, and enhanced fluorescence under ultraviolet lighting. These features are designed to help Canadians protect themselves by detecting counterfeit notes. All post-2001 series notes also include the EURion constellation, on both sides of the note. The new notes have a tactile feature, which is a series of raised dots (but not Braille) in the upper right corner on the face of each note to aid the visually impaired in identifying currency denominations.
The newer security features on the $20, $50, and $100 notes were added to an updated version of the $10 note released on 18 May 2005, and the Bank of Canada began issuing a $5 note with upgraded security features on 15 November 2006, as part of its ongoing effort to improve the security of Canadian bank notes. The illustrations on the front and back of the upgraded notes are the same as those on the $5 and $10 notes issued in 2001 and 2002.
The "Canadian Journey" literary excerpts are printed in English and French, with the English versions being:
$5: The winters of my childhood were long, long seasons. We lived in three places—the school, the church, and the skating-rink—but our real life was on the skating-rink. (Roch Carrier (born 1937) from his short story Le chandail de hockey (The Hockey Sweater))
$10: In Flanders Fields the poppies blow / Between the crosses, row on row, / That mark our place, and in the sky / The larks, still bravely singing, fly / Scarce heard amid the guns below. (John McCrae (1872–1918), from his poem In Flanders Fields)
$20: Could we ever know each other in the slightest without the arts? (Gabrielle Roy (1909–1983) from her novel La Montagne secrète (The Hidden Mountain))
$50: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights (from Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948)
$100: Do we ever remember that somewhere above the sky in some child's dream perhaps Jacques Cartier is still sailing, always on his way always about to discover a new Canada? (Miriam Waddington (1917–2004) from her poem Jacques Cartier in Toronto)
Canadian Journey banknotes (2004 style) incorporates background colour and consists of series years 2001, 2003, 2003A, 2004, 2004A and 2006. All the notes except the $100 note have additional series years 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2009A (some banknotes only). The $100 2009 series began issuing to the public in early 2010 and was printed in 2009 before they were issued. The 2004 to 2009 series of the $100 note was withdrawn from the circulation in November 2011. The $50 note was withdrawn on 26 March 2012, and $5–$20 notes would be withdrawn in the next 2 years before it will be officially announced.
2011 Frontier
Main article: Frontier Series
Beginning in 2011, the Bank of Canada introduced a new series of polymer banknotes. The $100 note was issued on 14 November 2011; the $50 was issued on 26 March 2012; the $20 banknote was issued on 7 November 2012, and the $10 and $5 denominations were issued on 7 November 2013.
These are the first Canadian notes produced on polymer. In place of a watermark are two visual features: a translucent maple leaf and a transparent window. The leaf includes a security feature that, when viewed close to the eye with a single-point light source behind, produces a circular image displaying the note's denomination. The window is fringed by maple leaves; at its top is a smaller version of the portrait, and at its bottom a light-refracting metallic likeness of an architectural feature from the parliament buildings. The portraits on the face are more centred on the note. The backs of the notes introduce new cultural and thematic imagery, but the literary quotation is not continued. The polymer notes continue the tactile feature, from the Canadian Journey series.
2018
Main article: 2018 Canadian banknote series
On International Women's Day 2016, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that an "iconic" Canadian woman would be featured on one of the upcoming notes.
On 8 December 2016, the Government of Canada and the Bank of Canada announced that civil rights activist Viola Desmond would replace John A. Macdonald (who had been on the face of the $10 note since 1971) as the first non-royal woman to appear alone on a regularly circulated Bank of Canada note. This note was released to the public on 19 November 2018.
Beginning in 2018, newly designed Canadian banknotes (initially the $10 note) were vertical in orientation.
Commemorative issues
Main article: Commemorative banknotes of the Canadian dollar
Commemorative issues Value Main colour Description Date of Front Back Printing Issue $25‡ Purple King George V and Queen Mary Windsor Castle 6 May 1935 $1‡ Dark Green Elizabeth II Old parliament buildings in Ottawa – destroyed by fire in 1916 1967 3 January 1967+ $20 Green Elizabeth II Canadian National Vimy Memorial 2015 9 September 2015 $10 Purple John A. Macdonald, George-Étienne Cartier, Agnes Macphail, James Gladstone Variety of Canadian vistas 2017 1 June 2017
‡ Withdrawn from circulation. Most currency withdrawn from circulation is still legal tender. As of 1 January 2021, the $1, $2, $25, $500 and $1,000 bills from every Bank of Canada series are no longer legal tender. Despite the introduction of new notes, older notes are still in use.
+ Two varieties were printed, the first with conventional serial numbers, the second with the double date "1867–1967" appearing twice instead. Neither type is scarce. Both varieties also have on the obverse a stylized maple leaf with the double date below it.
All notes of the 1954 series or later measure 152.4 millimetres (6.00 in) by 69.85 millimetres (2.750 in).
See also Withdrawn Canadian banknotes.
Myths
A number of myths have circulated regarding Canadian banknotes.
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https://www.abebooks.com/Dominion-Canada-Newfoundland-Excursion-Alaska-BAEDEKER/30343170958/bd
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The Dominion of Canada with Newfoundland and an Excursion to Alaska by BAEDEKER Karl
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Karl Baedeker, Leipzig, 1900 - lxii + 268pp + folding maps. 2nd revided ed., small inscription on f.e.p. and pencil notes on rear end papers otherwise clean in original cloth, spine faded. - The Dominion of Canada with Newfoundland and an Excursion to Alaska
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https://www.abebooks.com/Dominion-Canada-Newfoundland-Excursion-Alaska-BAEDEKER/30343170958/bd
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Shipping Terms:
Orders usually posted within 2 business days. Shipping costs are based on books weighing 2.2 LB, or 1 KG with postal insurance included. Books are packed in plastic and book boxes where required to protect corners. If your book order is heavy or oversized, we may contact you to let you know extra shipping is required.
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https://www.coinsandcanada.com/coins-prices-newfoundland.php
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Newfoundland coins price guide and values
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Coins and Canada - Newfoundland coins price guide and values
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Coinsandcanada.com
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https://www.coinsandcanada.com/coins-prices-newfoundland.php
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You are: Home » Canadian coins » Provincial coins » Newfoundland price guide and values
Newfoundland price guide and values
Newfoundland, a separate British colony, was allowed to issue its own coinage (1, 5, 10, 20, 25 and 50 cents) beginning in 1865. However, in introducing the new currency in 1865, Newfoundland, unlike other colonies, chose to include a 2 dollars gold coin among the denominations it was issuing.
The value of a Newfoundland coin depends on several factors such as quality and wear, supply and demand, rarity, finish and more. Values in the section are based on the market, trends, auctions and recognized books, publications and catalogs. This section also includes information on history, errors, varieties, characteristics and more.
Related numismatic tools, articles and links
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https://althistory.fandom.com/wiki/Newfoundland_(Russian_America)
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Newfoundland (Russian America)
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The Dominion of Newfoundland, colloquially known as Newfoundland, is an island nation located in North America.
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https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/4/4a/Site-favicon.ico/revision/latest?cb=20210916203836
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Alternative History
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https://althistory.fandom.com/wiki/Newfoundland_(Russian_America)
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This Russian America Article is a Stub
The creator of this timeline is seeking help in the development of this article. You have permission to expand it.
Please familiarize yourself with the editorial guidelines before making any edits.
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https://en.ucoin.net/coin/newfoundland-2-dollars-1865-1888/%3Ftid%3D71567
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International Catalog of World Coins
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland
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Dominion of Newfoundland
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2004-06-01T23:09:31+00:00
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland
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British dominion from 1907 to 1949
Newfoundland was a British dominion in eastern North America, today the modern Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It was confirmed by the Balfour Declaration of 1926 and the Statute of Westminster of 1931. It included the island of Newfoundland, and Labrador on the continental mainland. Newfoundland was one of the original dominions within the meaning of the Balfour Declaration, and accordingly enjoyed a constitutional status equivalent to the other dominions of the time.
In 1934, Newfoundland became the only dominion to give up its self-governing status, which ended 79 years of self-government.[1] The abolition of self-government came about because of a crisis in Newfoundland's public finances in 1932. Newfoundland had accumulated a significant amount of debt by building a railway across the island, which was completed in the 1890s, and by raising its own regiment during the First World War.[1] In November 1932, the government warned that Newfoundland would default on payments on the public debt.[1] The British government quickly established the Newfoundland Royal Commission to inquire into and report on the position.[1] The commission's report, published in October 1933, recommended that Newfoundland give up self-government temporarily and allow the United Kingdom to administer it by an appointed commission.[1]
The Newfoundland parliament accepted the recommendations and presented a petition to the King to ask for the suspension of the constitution and the appointment of commissioners to administer the government until the country became self-supporting again. To enable compliance with the request, the British Parliament passed the Newfoundland Act 1933, and on 16 February 1934, the British government appointed six commissioners, three from Newfoundland and three from the United Kingdom, with the governor as chairman. The system of a six-member Commission of Government continued to govern Newfoundland until Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949 to become Canada's tenth province.[3]
Etymology and national symbols
[edit]
The official name of the dominion was "Newfoundland" and not, as was sometimes reported, "Dominion of Newfoundland". The distinction is apparent in many statutes, most notably the Statute of Westminster that listed the full name of each realm, including the "Dominion of New Zealand", the "Dominion of Canada", and "Newfoundland".[4]
The Newfoundland Blue Ensign was used as the colonial flag from 1870 to 1904. The Newfoundland Red Ensign was used as the de facto national flag of the dominion[5] until the legislature adopted the Union Flag on 15 May 1931.
The anthem of the dominion was the "Ode to Newfoundland", written by British colonial governor Sir Cavendish Boyle in 1902 during his administration of Newfoundland (1901 to 1904).[6] It was adopted as the dominion's anthem on 20 May 1904, until confederation with Canada in 1949. In 1980, the province of Newfoundland re-adopted the song as a provincial anthem. The "Ode to Newfoundland" continues to be heard at public events in the province; however, only the first and last verses are traditionally sung.
Political origins
[edit]
The remaining North American colonies (the Province of Canada - previously Upper Canada and Lower Canada; Colony of Newfoundland; Nova Scotia; New Brunswick; Prince Edward Island; Rupert's Land; British Arctic Territories; Columbia District/Oregon Country - shared with the United States; and Bermuda), after the 1783 independence of the thirteen that became the United States of America, were administered collectively within the British Empire as British North America.
From 1824, the British Empire was divided by the War and Colonial Office into four administrative departments, including North America, which was made up of:[7]
Upper Canada, Lower Canada
New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island
Bermuda, Newfoundland
In 1854, the British government established Newfoundland's responsible government.[8] In 1855, Philip Francis Little, a native of Prince Edward Island, won a parliamentary majority over Sir Hugh Hoyles and the Conservatives. Little formed the first administration from 1855 to 1858.
Under the 1867 Confederation of Canada, all except Newfoundland and Bermuda confederated to form the Dominion of Canada. Newfoundland rejected confederation with Canada in the 1869 general election. Sir John Thompson, Prime Minister of Canada, came very close to negotiating Newfoundland's entry into Confederation in 1892.
It remained a colony until the 1907 Imperial Conference resolved to confer dominion status on all self-governing colonies in attendance.[9] The annual holiday of Dominion Day was celebrated each 26 September to commemorate the occasion.
First World War and afterwards
[edit]
Newfoundland's own regiment, the 1st Newfoundland Regiment, fought in the First World War. On 1 July 1916, the German Army wiped out most of that regiment at Beaumont Hamel on the first day on the Somme, inflicting 90 percent casualties.[page needed] Yet the regiment went on to serve with distinction in several subsequent battles, earning the prefix "Royal". Despite people's pride in the accomplishments of the regiment, Newfoundland's war debt and pension responsibility for the regiment and the cost of maintaining a trans-island railway led to increased and ultimately unsustainable government debt in the post-war era.[11]
After the war, Newfoundland along with the other dominions sent a separate delegation to the Paris Peace Conference but, unlike the other dominions, Newfoundland neither signed the Treaty of Versailles in her own right nor sought separate membership in the League of Nations.
In the 1920s, political scandals wracked the dominion. In 1923, the attorney general arrested Newfoundland's prime minister, Sir Richard Squires, on charges of corruption. Despite his release soon after on bail, a commission of enquiry, headed by Thomas Hollis-Walker, reviewed the scandal. Soon after, the Squires government fell. Squires returned to power in 1928 because of the unpopularity of his successors, the pro-business Walter Stanley Monroe and (briefly) Frederick C. Alderdice (Monroe's cousin), but found himself governing a country suffering from the Great Depression.
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council resolved Newfoundland's long-standing Labrador boundary dispute with Canada to the satisfaction of Newfoundland and against Canada (and, in particular, contrary to the wishes of Quebec, the province that bordered Labrador) with a ruling on 1 April 1927. Prior to 1867, the Quebec North Shore portion of the "Labrador coast" had shuttled back and forth between the colonies of Lower Canada and Newfoundland. Maps up to 1927 showed the coastal region as part of Newfoundland, with an undefined boundary. The Privy Council ruling established a boundary along the drainage divide separating waters that flowed through the territory to the Labrador coast, although following two straight lines from the Romaine River along the 52nd parallel, then south near 57 degrees west longitude to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Quebec has long rejected the outcome, and Quebec's provincially issued maps do not mark the boundary in the same way as boundaries with Ontario and New Brunswick.
Newfoundland only gradually implemented its status as a self-governing dominion. In 1921, it officially established the position of High Commissioner to the United Kingdom (for which Sir Edgar Rennie Bowring had already assumed the role in 1918),[12] and it adopted a national flag and established an external affairs department in 1931,[13][14] after it had given its assent for the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931.[15]
End of responsible government
[edit]
As a small country which relied primarily upon the export of fish, paper, and minerals, Newfoundland was hit hard by the Great Depression. Economic frustration combined with anger over government corruption led to a general dissatisfaction with democratic government. On 5 April 1932, a crowd of 10,000 people marched on the Colonial Building (seat of the House of Assembly) and forced Prime Minister Squires to flee. Squires lost an election held later in 1932. The next government, led once more by Alderdice, called upon the British government to take direct control until Newfoundland could become self-sustaining. The United Kingdom, concerned over Newfoundland's likelihood of defaulting on its war-debt payments, established the Newfoundland Royal Commission, headed by a Scottish peer, Lord Amulree. Its report, released in 1933, assessed Newfoundland's political culture as intrinsically corrupt and its economic prospects as bleak, and advocated the abolition of responsible government and its replacement by a Commission of the British Government. Acting on the report's recommendations, Alderdice's government voted itself out of existence in December 1933.[1]
In 1934, the Dominion suspended Newfoundland's self-governing status and the Commission of Government took control. Newfoundland remained a dominion in name only.[16] Newfoundland was ruled by a governor who reported to the Colonial Secretary in London. The legislature was suspended.
The severe worldwide Great Depression persisted until the Second World War broke out in 1939.
Second World War
[edit]
Given Newfoundland's strategic location in the Battle of the Atlantic, the Allies (especially the United States of America) built many military bases there. Large numbers of unskilled men gained the first paycheques they had seen in years by working on construction and in dockside crews. National income doubled as an economic boom took place in the Avalon Peninsula and to a lesser degree in Gander, Botwood, and Stephenville. The United States became the main supplier, and American money and influence diffused rapidly from the military, naval, and air bases. Prosperity returned to the fishing industry by 1943. Government revenues, aided by inflation and new income, quadrupled, even though Newfoundland had tax rates much lower than those in Canada, Britain, or the United States. To the astonishment of all, Newfoundland started financing loans to London. Wartime prosperity ended the long depression and reopened the question of political status.
The American Bases Act became law in Newfoundland on 11 June 1941, with American personnel creating drastic social change on the island. This included significant intermarriage between Newfoundland women and American personnel.[page needed]
In October 1943, the weather station Kurt was erected in Newfoundland, marking Nazi Germany's only armed operation on land in North America.
A new political party formed in Newfoundland to support closer ties with the US, the Economic Union Party, which Karl McNeil Earle characterizes as "a short-lived but lively movement for economic union with the United States". Advocates of union with Canada denounced the Economic Union Party as republican, disloyal and anti-British. No American initiative for union was ever created.[page needed]
National Convention and referendums
[edit]
Main article: Newfoundland referendums, 1948
As soon as prosperity returned during the war, agitation began to end the commission.[page needed] Newfoundland, with a population of 313,000 (plus 5,200 in Labrador), seemed too small to be independent.[full citation needed] In 1945, London announced that a Newfoundland National Convention would be elected to advise on what constitutional choices should be voted on by referendum. Union with the United States was a possibility, but Britain rejected the option and offered instead two options: return to dominion status or continuation of the unpopular Commission.[page needed] Canada cooperated with Britain to ensure that the option of closer ties with America was not on the referendum.[citation needed]
In 1946, an election took place to determine the membership of the Newfoundland National Convention, charged with deciding the future of Newfoundland. The Convention voted to hold a referendum to decide between continuing the Commission of Government or restoring responsible government. Joey Smallwood was a well-known radio personality, writer, organizer, and nationalist who had long criticized British rule. He became the leader of the confederates and moved for the inclusion of a third option – that of confederation with Canada. The Convention defeated his motion, but he did not give up, instead gathering more than 5,000 petition signatures within a fortnight, which he sent to London through the governor. Britain insisted that it would not give Newfoundland any further financial assistance, but added this third option of having Newfoundland join Canada to the ballot. After much debate, the first referendum took place on 3 June 1948, to decide between continuing with the Commission of Government, reverting to dominion status, or joining Canadian Confederation.
Three parties participated in the referendum campaign: Smallwood's Confederate Association campaigned for the confederation option while in the anti-confederation campaign Peter Cashin's Responsible Government League and Chesley Crosbie's Economic Union Party (both of which called for a vote for responsible government) took part. No party advocated petitioning Britain to continue the Commission of Government. Canada had issued an invitation to join it on generous financial terms. Smallwood was the leading proponent of confederation with Canada, insisting, "Today we are more disposed to feel that our very manhood, our very creation by God, entitles us to standards of life no lower than our brothers on the mainland." Due to persistence, he succeeded in having the Canada option on the referendum.[page needed] His main opponents were Cashin and Crosbie. Cashin, a former finance minister, led the Responsible Government League, warning against cheap Canadian imports and the high Canadian income tax. Crosbie, a leader of the fishing industry, led the Party for Economic Union with the United States, seeking responsible government first, to be followed by closer ties with the United States, which could be a major source of capital.[full citation needed]
The result proved inconclusive, with 44.5 percent supporting the restoration of dominion status, 41.1 percent for confederation with Canada, and 14.3 percent for continuing the Commission of Government. Due to no option getting at least 50 percent of the vote, a second referendum with the top two options from the first referendum was scheduled to be held on 22 July. The second referendum, on 22 July 1948, asked Newfoundlanders to choose between confederation and dominion status, and produced a vote of 52 to 48 percent for confederation. Newfoundland joined Canada in the final hours of 31 March 1949.
See also
[edit]
Charles Jost Burchell, Canada's High Commissioner to Newfoundland, involved in negotiating union with Canada
General elections in Newfoundland (pre-Confederation)
High Commissioner of Newfoundland to the United Kingdom
List of Newfoundland cases of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (pre-1949)
List of political parties in Newfoundland and Labrador
List of prime ministers of the Dominion of Newfoundland
Political parties in the Dominion of Newfoundland
[edit]
Conservative parties in Newfoundland (pre-Confederation)
Fisherman's Protective Union
Liberal parties in Newfoundland (pre-Confederation)
Newfoundland People's Party
United Newfoundland Party
References
[edit]
Bibliography
[edit]
Further reading
[edit]
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https://www.mint.ca/en/shop/coins/2018/1-oz.-pure-silver-gold-plated-coin---first-world-war-allies-newfoundland---mintage-5000-2018
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en
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1 oz. Pure Silver Gold-Plated Coin - First World War Allies: Newfoundland - Mintage: 5,000 (2018)
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Your coin highlights the heroism of Newfoundlanders during the First World War. Order today.
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en
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https://www.mint.ca/en
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https://www.mint.ca/en/shop/coins/2018/1-oz.-pure-silver-gold-plated-coin---first-world-war-allies-newfoundland---mintage-5000-2018
|
An independent dominion, Newfoundland made a tremendous contribution to the Allied war effort: from a population of 242,000, roughly 12,000 Newfoundlanders enrolled for service during the First World War. Theyfought on land, in the air and at sea; they fought in the trenches of Gallipoli, and those of the Western Front. In victory and in hardship, the Royal Newfoundland Regiment pressed on with uncommon valour, courageously going over the top once more at the Ypres front in September 1918 and pushing into enemy territory, before joining the occupation force in Germany.
From Grand Falls to Gallipoli, and into Germany. Order your commemorative coin today.
SECOND IN FIRST WORLD WAR ALLIES 4-COIN SERIES: On the 100th anniversaryof the Armistice of 11 November 1918, this four-coin series reflects on the wartime contributions of select Allied forces who were united in a common causeand bound by heroism and duty.
FOUR ALLIES, ONE LAST PUSH: Like Canada, Newfoundland was an independentdominion during the First World War; the second coin in our First World War Allies series highlights the tremendous wartime contributions and sacrifices of Newfoundlanders.
THE IMAGE OF HEROISM: The scene on the reverse features an outstanding amount of engraved details! Multiple finishes add a sense of depth to a poignant design, which showcases the courageous spirit of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment in the trenches that were a defining experience of the Great War.
SELECTIVE GOLD PLATING: Like all coins in this limited series, selective gold plating on your coin adds a fitting gleam to the regimental insignia of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment.
FOR KING AND COUNTRY: Selective gold plating also highlights the effigy of KingGeorge V on the obverse, which largely resembles that of all Canadian coins issued during the First World War.
COLLECT ALL 4 COINS FOR THE COMPLETE STORY: It’s a touching memorial to all the combatants—one that goes beyond borders to put a face on the Great War.
INCLUDES SERIALIZED CERTIFICATE! The Royal Canadian Mint certifies all of its collector coins. Most of these are serialized certifications, meaning that each certificate is given a unique number, starting at 1.
LIMITED MINTAGE! Your coin has a limited worldwide mintage.
1 OZ. PURE SILVER! Your coin is crafted from one ounce 99.99% pure silver.
NO GST/HST!
Designed by Canadian artist Pandora Young, your coin places the viewer at the heart of the action during the First World War, in the muddy trenches that defined thewar on the Western Front. Multiple finishes give the engraved design a sense of depth as a crowd of soldiers of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment rush to theladders and go over the top. Not one soldier looks back—all eyes are focused on the climb and what laysahead; it is a testament to the heroic fighting spirit of Newfoundlanders who, time after time, mustered their courage and placed themselves in harm’s way in the name of the Allied cause. Selectivegold plating highlights the regimental insignia of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment, which features a woodland caribou defiantly facing the enemy. The selectively gold-plated obverse features the effigy of King George V by Sir E. B. MacKennal.
In 1914, Newfoundland’s government moved swiftly to raise and equip its own regiment of 500 volunteers, known as the First Five Hundred. Due to a shortage of khaki material, the first wave of soldiers wore blue woollen puttees when they arrived in England—hence the Newfoundland regiment’s nickname, “The Blue Puttees.”
Newfoundland’s regiment was the only North American unit to serve in the Gallipoli Campaign in 1915.
The following spring, the regiment was ordered to northern France in preparation for the start of the Battleof the Somme on July 1, 1916. But the devastating losses at Beaumont-Hamel plunged Newfoundland into a period of mourning: from a regiment of 780 officers and soldiers, only 110 survived.
In recognition of its contributions at Ypres and Cambrai in 1917, the Newfoundland Regiment became the Royal Newfoundland Regiment—the only unit to be awarded the “Royal” prefix during the war.
Almost 10% of Newfoundland’s male population enrolled during the war: 8,707 men enrolled in the Royal Newfoundland Regiment, the NewfoundlandRoyal Naval Reserve and the Newfoundland Forestry Corps, while another 3,296 joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF). Others joined the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Air Force, while more than 500 sailors served in the Merchant Marine.
In April 1918, compulsory service became lawin Newfoundland, but its regiment remained a volunteer formation until the end.
A life-sized, bronze statue of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment’s caribou mascot honours the regiment’s sacrifices, and those of all Newfoundlanders who perished in the war, at five different battlefield memorials: Beaumont-Hamel, Masnières,Monchy-le-Preux, Gueudecourt and Courtrai. A replica can also be seen at Bowring Park in St. John’s.
Your coin is encapsulated and presented ina Royal Canadian Mint-branded maroon clamshell witha black beauty box.
Order today!
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http://suffragio.org/2015/07/22/the-lessons-of-newfoundlands-1948-referendum/
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The lessons of Newfoundland’s 1948 referendum
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2015-07-22T00:00:00
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en
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http://suffragio.org/2015/07/22/the-lessons-of-newfoundlands-1948-referendum/
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Imagine a North America with three, not two, countries north of the Rio Grande — the United States, Canada and… Newfoundland.
Newfoundland!? That’s right. The Canadian outpost in the north Atlantic. Imagine today a proud population of nearly 530,000, now basking in the proceeds of a thriving offshore oil market, growing interest in summer tourism and a historical reliance on fisheries.
It’s not as crazy as it sounds — and if not for the votes of 7,000 Newfoundlanders on this day in 1948, the proudly sovereign country of Newfoundland and Labrador might exist today as a strategic Atlantic hub.
With an area slightly larger than Bangladesh or Greece, and with a population similar to that of Luxembourg and larger than the populations of Iceland, Belize, Brunei or Malta, the Canadian province today has a GDP per capita of nearly $68,000, in Canadian dollars (as of 2013) — much higher than the Canadian average of nearly $54,000.
On July 22, 1948, nearly 150,000 Newfoundlanders voted in the second of two fiercely contested referenda. They decided, however narrowly, in favor of confederation with Canada. On April 1 of the following year, Newfoundland and Labrador became the 10th Canadian province. The referendum brought to an end 15 years of uncertain status — that’s because in 1934, the essentially independent ‘Dominion of Newfoundland’ reverted back to colonial status after a financial crisis left the country unable to service its debt.
Sound familiar? Relations today between Greece and the rest of the eurozone (most especially Germany) are as strained as ever. With a third bailout effectively ceding control of Greek fiscal policy from prime minister Alexis Tsipras to European authorities, Newfoundland’s example holds instructive lessons on sovereignty and debt. The referendum — and the failure of the pro-independence campaign — also provides a data point for aspiring nations like Scotland and Catalunya.
Nearly 80 years of sovereignty
Newfoundland first won self-rule in 1854, with the introduction of ‘responsible government,’ and it acquired more formal dominion status (equivalent to the dominion status Canada held) in 1907.
That independence was always somewhat constrained by Newfoundland’s economy. Stretching back to the earliest claims on the territory after the first English voyage to the New World, led by John Cabot in 1497, and throughout the tussles over its control between the English and the French in the 17th and early 18th centuries, cod fishing dominated the island’s economy. Fishermen would harvest the cod from the plentiful fish banks surrounding Newfoundland’s shores and, in the days before refrigeration, dry the cod for shipment and sale to Europe.
Demand for a protein like dried fish, however, ebbed and flowed with global economic trends, making independent Newfoundland highly dependent on foreign trade to meet its own obligations. In the 1890s, it was forced to turn for the first time to Canadian banks to extend credit and avoid a default. The experience left the Canadians and Newfoundlanders mutually suspicious, and in the early 20th century, Newfoundland’s premier Sir Robert Bond tried to negotiate a free-trade accord with the United States (an attempt thwarted in 1905 by US senator Henry Cabot Lodge, despite the support of the US president at the time, Theodore Roosevelt).
World War I was particularly harsh on Newfoundland — nearly all of the members of the Newfoundland Regiment were killed on the first day of the Battle of the Somme. Taken together, its portion of the British empire’s war debt amounted to $35 million. Still rebuilding after the loss of so many of its young, able-bodied men in Europe, Newfoundland and its export-driven economy crumbled, predictably, with the crash of 1929. By 1933, the country was unable to service its debt, which had grown to $97 million (including its war obligations). Canadian banks, also struggling during the Great Depression, had no desire to extend financial credit, and Canada’s government wasn’t willing to provide political cover to Newfoundland.
So, nearly overnight, 79 years of home rule and a tradition of national politics ended, and Newfoundland once again became a colony under direct British rule.
From dominion status to debt colony
As the Great Depression waned and World War II gradually became the more pressing matter, Newfoundland emerged as a convenient colonial holding for the British. The aviation base at Gander (established only in 1935) became a vital stopping point in the mid-Atlantic efforts of British and American air forces during the war. As you might expect, the British-dominated commission that administered Newfoundland never quite found the time to address its status during the war effort. Though the colony’s geostrategic importance crested throughout World War II, Newfoundlanders also rediscovered their love of Americans. With so many US military personnel in Newfoundland, locals developed strong ties — including a fair share of marriages. Newfoundlanders felt for the United States none of the disdain it held for Canada, stretching back to the financial crisis of the 1890s, and none of the scorn it shared for its British debtor overlords.
By the end of the war, the friendly sentiment towards the United States was so strong that Newfoundlanders talked freely about economic partnership — or even, eventually, becoming a full American state. Canada, suddenly very concerned that the Americans might scoop up much of the North Atlantic coastline, began to force the Newfoundland issue on Great Britain. The British, for their part, were already looking to liquidate their colonial holdings and, with the war now over, the Newfoundland question could no longer be further delayed.
Though there’s no clear evidence that the ultimate voting was fraudulent, authorities in Ottawa and London did their best to nudge Newfoundland toward Canadian union. Canada made clear in negotiations that it would be willing to assume much of Newfoundland’s debt; the British government made it equally clear that Newfoundland would get little in return for reverting to ‘responsible government.’
Even the nature of the two referenda also boosted confederation — when no option won a clear majority in the first vote, elites decided to hold a second vote between the top two options.
Two pivotal 1948 votes to determine Newfoundland’s future
The campaign was a vigorous one — though it was somewhat more complicated than a direct two-way fight between independence and confederation.
Confederation’s champion was Joey Smallwood — a Liberal radio show host who embraced Canada and who nearly single-handedly pushed the cause through the Confederation Association. The cause of merging into Canada attracted support mainly from the Protestants of rural Newfoundland and Labrador; less so from the urban business class of St. John’s. After successfully pushing confederation, Smallwood (pictured above) would become the province’s first and most long-lasting premier, serving until 1972 and shaping Newfoundland’s transition as a part of federal Canada.
Peter Cashin, a one-time Newfoundlander finance minister, was a member of the 1947 commission to London that so disappointed Newfoundland’s leaders when the UK government refused to commit to financial assistance. Disillusioned by British intentions, and rightly suspecting that the British and Canadian government were colluding to favor confederation, Cashin led the Responsible Government League throughout the referendum campaign. In a famous 1947 speech to the national convention on Newfoundland’s future, he condemned what he called:
a conspiracy to sell… this country to the Dominion of Canada. Watch in particular the attractive bait which will be held out to lure our country into the Canadian mousetrap. Listen to their flowery sales talk which will be offered to you; telling Newfoundlanders they’re a lost people….
At minimum, Cashin believed that a return to responsible government would give Newfoundland a stronger hand in any potential talks on confederation, including the terms on which Newfoundland might join Canada — with respect to debt, provincial assistance and Newfoundland’s rights vis-à-vis the national government with respect to fishing and resources.
The most beguiling option came with the Economic Union Party, the brainchild of businessman Chelsey Crosbie. Though you might not be able to tell it from the name, the ‘economic union’ meant union with the United States — not with Canada. Crosbie’s group, which became even more popular than the Responsible Government League, hoped that independence would allow closer ties with the United States. US statehood was never presented on the ballot, even though there’s a plausible case that it might have won in light of the Newfoundlandish good will to the Americans during World War II. Though US president Harry Truman never seriously considered annexation, it’s conceivable that after a decade of closer economic partnership, Newfoundland could have become the 51st American state in 1959 alongside Alaska and Hawaii.
As established by the national convention (and heavily influenced by the British commission still governing Newfoundland), the first referendum on June 3 presented three choices — (i) confederation with Canada, (ii) retaining commission government (i.e., as a British colony) or (iii) a return to ‘responsible government’ (i.e., independence).
None of the options won more than 50% of the vote, though independence emerged with the largest share among 155,797, a turnout of around 88%.
With no clear mandate for confederation or for independence, Newfoundland’s government scheduled a runoff between the top two options. Smallwood, the best Newfoundland politician of his generation, rallied the rural Protestant electorate, effectively outwitting the pro-independence business class in St. John’s and throughout the more Catholic Avalon peninsula.
Despite the joint efforts of the Responsible Government League and the Economic Union Party, Smallwood simply rallied more voters in an election that registered wide swings in opinion. Nearly 78% of Labrador’s voters, for example, supported confederation, while St. John’s voted at around 68% in favor of responsible government.
By a margin of just under 7,000 votes, Newfoundlanders turned to confederation.
Perhaps the most important lesson from the Newfoundland example is that independence is a much easier cause when an overwhelming proportion of the population favors it. As in the case of Newfoundland, when a region is narrowly divided, it’s hard to achieve a convincing pro-independence majority (Quebec in 1980 and 1995, for example, and Scotland in 2014). But once the cause reached a certain tipping point, the path to independence seems clear. In Norway (1905), Iceland (1944) and South Sudan (2011), the independence option won over 99% of the vote.
Confederation with Canada and Newfoundland’s economic decline
With the 10th province’s addition, Ottawa secured a Canadian writ from Pacific coast to Atlantic coast and, more importantly, won national control over Labrador’s iron ore and Newfoundland’s Grand Banks. In exchange, Canada assumed Newfoundland’s debt obligations and committed to additional family relief in the form of ‘baby bonuses’ to the province.
But Newfoundland stagnated throughout the second half of the 20th century, with its natural resources diverted to national use. Under the control of the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Newfoundland’s fishing stocks suffered from overfishing as Ottawa awarded concessions to foreign fishing interests. In 1992, the government reversed course by imposing a moratorium on cod fishing, which essentially forced the collapse of Newfoundland’s fishing industry. That, however, may have been too late, and cod stocks still haven’t recovered. The moratorium instantly eliminated nearly 40,000 jobs for Newfoundlanders, causing an unemployment and economic crisis that marked the province’s post-confederation nadir.
When you go to Newfoundland today, the most striking thing is perhaps the lack of rail infrastructure (or even road infrastructure) that connects so much of mainland Canada. It’s almost certain that the young, newly independent country would have struggled, given London’s indications that it would receive no debt relief upon a return to ‘responsible government.’ But taking advantage of Gander’s notoriety, Newfoundland was well on its way to becoming a transit hub for North America, rather than the Atlantic backwater it became as a Canadian province.
Between 2003 and 2010, under the premiership of Danny Williams, a member of the province’s center-right Progressive Conservatives, Newfoundland seemed to reclaim some of its national swagger. Williams waged a fervent fight against Canadian prime minister Paul Martin to allow the province to keep more of the revenue developed from its growing offshore oil production — a move that made Williams the most popular premier since Smallwood. At one point in the showdown with the federal government, Williams ordered the Canadian flag removed from the province’s official buildings.
Williams was so popular that, for the past five years, his legacy has floated a series of underwhelming Tory premiers. The current incumbent, Paul Davis, will make his case in the province’s next election on November 30, where the party trails both the center-left Liberals and the progressive New Democrats.
The showdown with Ottawa coincided with the sense that Newfoundland’s newly exploited oil wealth might have supported the economy of an independent nation.
It’s not uncommon to see, throughout St. John’s, the unique tricolor — a pink, white and green standard that has recently become a symbol of Newfoundlandish nationalism, though it was historically a flag representing the island’s Irish Catholic heritage.
On the 67th anniversary of the pivotal vote that made Newfoundland a Canadian province, however, its cautionary tale still holds lessons about debt, sovereignty and international relations.
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Global Financial Data
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https://globalfinancialdata.com/newfoundland
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Newfoundland was established as a British colony on August 5, 1583. It was a Dominion from 1855 until January 30, 1934 and became a province of Canada on April 1, 1949.
Newfoundland's monetary history followed that of Canada. Tokens were issued by Newfoundland traders between 1840 and 1860. The first regal coins were issued in 1865 and continued to be issued until 1949 when Newfoundland became a province of Canada. Newfoundland issued Pounds (NFLP) until 1858 when it began issuing the Newfoundland Dollar (NFLD), which traded at par with the Canadian Dollar. Upon becoming a province of Canada, Newfoundland adopted the Canadian Dollar (CAD).
The Government of Newfoundland issued banknotes. The Dollar was divisible into 100 Cents.
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https://thecanadaguide.com/basics/money/
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The Canada Guide
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The Canada Guide
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https://thecanadaguide.com/basics/money/
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The Canadian Dollar
In early Canadian history, people in Britain’s Canadian colonies used a variety of different currencies to buy things, including British pounds, American dollars, Spanish pesos, and even unique colonial currencies made by local banks and governments. In 1867, the new unified Canadian government gained exclusive constitutional power over currency, and in 1870 it used this power to pass the Dominion Notes Act (now known as the Currency Act) which made the Canadian Dollar ($) the official currency of Canada. A Canadian dollar is made up of 100 Canadian cents (₵).
A History of the Canadian Dollar, Bank of Canada
Originally tied to value of the British pound, and then the price of gold, since 1931 the Canadian dollar has been a so-called “free-floating” currency with a value determined by the international marketplace. Like most advanced countries, Canada also has a national bank, known as the Bank of Canada, that has the power to both print and buy currency in order to help control the currency’s value. In the opinion of the International Monetary Fund, the Canadian dollar is one of the world’s seven reserve currencies known for its stability and reliability even in times of economic uncertainty.
The Canadian dollar is usually measured in comparison to the American dollar. It is almost always worth less, but the exact value can vary quite a bit depending on what’s going on in the world. At its worst, the Canadian dollar may be worth around 65 American cents; at best, it can be very close to par.
Daily Exchange Rates, Bank of Canada
Canadian Coins are produced by the Royal Canadian Mint, which is known among coin collectors as one of the most extravagant and creative coin-producing entities in the world. In addition to the standard-use coins above, the Mint also produces a vast variety of “special edition” coins in a wide variety of denominations and designs, including very high value coins of pure gold, silver, and platinum, as well as gimmicky novelties like full-colour coins, glow-in-the-dark coins, and Marvel superhero coins.
Canadian Coins, World Coin Gallery
Canadian Paper Money
Canadian paper money, also known as bills, banknotes, or simply notes, is used for larger currency denominations. The current designs, known as the Polymer Series, are actually not made of paper at all, but a sort of thin, flexible plastic known as polymer. Paper bills from the last series — known as the Canadian Journey Series — which began in 2001 and started being officially phased out in 2011, are still sometimes used. Canadian banknote designs usually change every 10 years or so.
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Welcoming Newfoundland to Canada
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Newfoundland’s entry into Confederation marked the end of an era when Canadian provinces issued their own coins and paper money.
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en
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https://www.bankofcanadamuseum.ca/2024/03/welcoming-newfoundland-to-canada/
|
How Newfoundland lost its money by joining Confederation
The last vestiges of Newfoundland’s currency disappeared with the signing of the Terms of Union. Newfoundland’s entry into Confederation marked the end of an era when colonies issued their own coins and paper money.
Newfoundland: island of cod
When John Cabot landed at Bonavista in 1497, he claimed the island for King Henry VII of England, who called it the “New Found Launde.” It is ironic that for centuries Newfoundland (and today, Labrador) was remembered less for the "land” than for the seas and their abundance of cod fish beyond her shores. In fact, some early 16th century Portuguese maps called it terra do Bacalhau or ilha do Bacalhau, “land” or “island of cod.” Given that cod would drive the colony’s economy for the next four hundred years, maybe the Portuguese name would have been more suitable.
Several Indigenous Peoples in North America—including Inuit, Innu, Wolastoqiyik, Mi'kmaq and Beothuk—have fished the Atlantic cod for thousands of years. What we call Newfoundland today was known as Ktaqmkuk when Europeans first landed on the island. It was inhabited by the Beothuk and Mi’kmaq at that time.
Newfoundland became the site of an international fishery. Portuguese, Spanish, Basque, French, English and Dutch fishermen were active on the Grand Banks. Boats from ports all over Europe would cross the Atlantic Ocean in the spring, crowd the waters off the coast to cast their nets, and set up temporary camps on the shores to dry their catch. They had little interest in the island or the people that called it their home. For them, it was all about the fish!
Permanent settlement, fish currency and coinage
For nearly 200 years after Cabot’s landing, Newfoundland remained largely uninhabited by Europeans. In 1610, a few English fishers wintered at Cupids, located in the Avalon peninsula. After a couple of years, the population at the site was 62 people, including a few families. A decade later, in 1623, England chartered the colony of Avalon, with Ferryland as its main settlement. It was founded mainly to support the fishery. The French gained residence in Placentia (a variation of Plaisance), located on the other side of the peninsula, in 1655. The coexistence between English and French settlers during those years was tense and even violent. One campaign, launched by French forces, began in 1696 with the raiding of the Ferryland settlement. The campaign destroyed 23 English settlements along the coast of the Avalon Peninsula in the span of three months.
Following this destruction, England passed new legislation in 1699 allowing permanent English settlement in Newfoundland to protect its fishing interests against any French aggression. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 permanently ceded Newfoundland to Great Britain, although the French maintained special fishing privileges with a base on the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon. Despite the British government effectively discouraging settlement, Newfoundland had a population of about 2,000 settlers by 1700. The arrival of European settlers introduced diseases such as tuberculosis, which took an enormous toll on the Beothuk. A lack of both resources and outside help to confront the disease led to a decline in their numbers throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, until the Beothuk eventually disappeared.
Coinage was scarce in Newfoundland, a phenomenon not uncommon in many English colonies around the world. For decades, commerce on the island operated on a credit system, with dried cod as the local trade commodity. In the spring, merchants on the island would outfit the fishermen with equipment, and the fishermen would settle their account in the fall with their seasonal catch. Merchants exported the salted and dried cod to Europe, South America and the Caribbean. Reliance on a credit system and the extensive use of bills of exchange to settle transactions between the island merchants and their suppliers in Europe further prove the lack of coinage. Coins were not available in any reliable quantity for commerce, let alone for capital to help grow the economy.
Financial panic and the fall of the Newfoundland banks
Newfoundland’s two banks, the Commercial and the Union, were the main providers of capital and currency for the colony. Yet by 1894, with a drying up of the cod fishery, difficulty in increasing mining output and rising costs to build the railway, the banks’ finances were stretched thin. They were overdrawn on their loans and riding the edge of insolvency. Acting on these rumours, people quickly sought to withdraw their money from the banks, only to learn that there were no funds to do so. Unable to meet their financial obligations, both banks permanently closed on December 10, 1894. The effects were immediate with businesses failing, workers losing their jobs and the price of food and other essentials rising. The entire colony was on the verge of bankruptcy. Payment of specie was suspended until Newfoundland passed legislation to wind up the affairs of the failed banks and for others, namely, the Bank of Montreal, the Bank of Nova Scotia and the Merchant’s Bank of Halifax (later, the Royal Bank of Canada), to come to the rescue. Notes of the Commercial and Union were redeemed at huge discounts. The inhabitants of Newfoundland who had faith in the banks to protect their savings lost almost everything.
The 20th century and a new attitude toward Confederation
Newfoundland never fully recovered from the 1894 financial crisis. And over the decades that followed, the option of joining Confederation seemed more and more attractive. The problem was that the rest of the Dominion of Canada was less enthusiastic about accepting it and its economic troubles. Throughout the First World War and the Great Depression, Newfoundland’s financial situation was desperate—so much so that, in 1934, the British parliament suspended the Newfoundland government and appointed a commission of government in hopes of steering the colony toward recovery. The Second World War turned around the colony’s fortunes, with increased immigration and influxes of money for the war effort. Newfoundland was again on the road to economic and financial stability, right in time for talks on joining Confederation to resurface.
1949: Newfoundland finally joins Canada
In December 1945, the British parliament announced that Newfoundland would hold a National Convention to choose the colony’s political destiny: self-government or union with Canada. The factions were equally split, but the pro-Confederation delegates led by Joey Smallwood won the motion to go to Ottawa to discuss terms for joining with Canada. While several delegates of the National Convention rejected the draft terms, disagreeing over the style of government, active campaigning in favour of Confederation allowed for the option to remain on the referendum ballot. On June 3, 1948, Newfoundlanders went to the polls. In a low turnout, the votes were split, with no clear winner. The results of a second referendum held the following month gave Confederation the nod. The final Terms of Union were signed on December 11, 1948, and in February 1949, the Canadian Parliament ratified them. Newfoundland was in. Labrador was physically separated, but had always been a part of Newfoundland. To reflect this, the province changed its official name in 2001 to Newfoundland and Labrador, recognizing it as a single entity.
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https://www.pressreader.com/canada/journal-pioneer/20240327/281621015337157
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Zeitungen aus der ganzen Welt
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Digital newsstand featuring 7000+ of the world’s most popular newspapers & magazines. Enjoy unlimited reading on up to 5 devices with 7-day free trial.
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https://www.td.com/ca/en/personal-banking
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Personal, Small Business Banking & Investing
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TD Canada Trust products and services include investing, mortgages, banking and small business. Featuring TD Canada Trust online banking
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/etc.clientlibs/tdsite/clientlibs/clientlib-wealth/resources/images/wealth-favicon.ico
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https://www.td.com/ca/en/personal-banking
|
Opening TD logo animation.
We open on a dad in the kitchen. His ten-year-old son stands next to him.
SON: Hey dad?
DAD: Yeah, sport?
SON: Can we talk about your financial plan to pay for my education?
We’re now at a standing dinner party in another house. A friend of the host looks around, enamored with the house, then casually asks about her mortgage, as friends do...
GUEST: I am loving the new place, heard you got a good mortgage rate.
HOST: [No VO. Giggling reaction from the host.]
We change scenes before she gets too into it. We’re now with a 20-something couple brushing their teeth.
GIRL: We have to talk about our retirement savings.
GUY: I’m convinced that the earth is flat.
SUPER: 55% of Canadians avoid talking about money*
LEGAL: *TD Omnibus survey conducted by Maru/Blue from November 18th to November 20th, 2022.
GIRL: No...
Recognizable music begins playing.
We cut to see the couple sitting on green chairs across from our recurring female TD advisor in a TD branch. The couple looks relieved.
ADVISOR: Don’t be afraid of the money talk… we do this kind of thing all the time.
The TD advisor shows them the TD Goal Builder on a tablet. We see a longer closeup of TD Goal Builder. Cut to advisor and couple at the door.
VO: Get a better understanding of your money with our new Goal Builder tool and the helpful advice of a TD advisor.
Cut to the new dynamic TD end frame with the green chair.
SUPER: Book an appointment today.
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https://www.communitystories.ca/v2/marconi/story/expanding-into-labrador/
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Expanding Into Labrador
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2023-06-19T15:50:07+00:00
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Labrador is a large area with harsh weather conditions and small rural communities. The Dominion of Newfoundland simply could not afford to run wires to every one of […]
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en
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Marconi’s Legacy in Newfoundland and Labrador
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https://www.communitystories.ca/v2/marconi/story/expanding-into-labrador/
|
Labrador is a large area with harsh weather conditions and small rural communities. The Dominion of Newfoundland simply could not afford to run wires to every one of them. With the new wireless stations, however, a communications network in Labrador was suddenly possible.
The Newfoundland government began talking with the Canadian Marconi Company (CMC) in 1901 and made a deal in 1903 to build stations along the coast of Labrador. Due to poor soil conductivity and weather, the Labrador stations could not transmit as far as similar stations could elsewhere. More stations were needed. Despite servicing a much smaller population, 16 of the 26 stations shown on the timeline were in Labrador. They served an important role, but much information about them has been lost over time.
The government of Newfoundland built its first five Labrador stations at American Tickle, Battle Harbour, Domino, Indian Harbor, and on Venison Island. These stations were all operating by 1906. They communicated with passing ships and sent and received messages for local citizens and businesses. In 1910, additional stations were built at Cape Harrison, Grady Harbor, Holton, and, allowing the network to stretch significantly further.
Growing Tension
For several reasons, tension over the Labrador stations soon arose between the government of Newfoundland and the CMC. The first issue was staffing. Working as a Marconi operator was not easy. Many operators were not from Labrador and had to move there. It did not help that most of these stations operated only from June to October. Keeping enough staff to run the stations was difficult.
The second issue was money. Wireless stations cost a lot to run. Since there were so many stations serving a small population, they lost money. But they did play a very important role, so a solution needed to be found. The government of Newfoundland and the CMC made a deal in 1906. The government would own the stations and reduce any costs for the stations that they could. In exchange, the CMC would run them and keep all profits. This proved successful and the wireless stations in Labrador stayed open.
When the First World War began, there were concerns about information security. As a result, the government shut all the Labrador stations and sent the operators home. This caused a lot of problems. Communities suddenly could not contact one another and vessels in key shipping lanes had no information as to the sailing conditions ahead of them. After only one month, the government ordered the stations to reopen, although they started censoring all information they transmitted. This shows just how important these stations were to both the people in Labrador and the economy of the Dominion of Newfoundland.
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https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2411666
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en
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Newfoundland dollar
|
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currency of the Dominion of Newfoundland from 1865 to 1949
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/static/apple-touch/wikidata.png
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https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2411666
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currency of the Dominion of Newfoundland from 1865 to 1949
NFD
NF$
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9201
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https://kids.kiddle.co/Banknotes_of_the_Canadian_dollar
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en
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Banknotes of the Canadian dollar facts for kids
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Learn Banknotes of the Canadian dollar facts for kids
|
en
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/images/wk/favicon-16x16.png
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Banknotes_of_the_Canadian_dollar
|
Banknotes of the Canadian dollar are the banknotes or bills (in common lexicon) of Canada, denominated in Canadian dollars (CAD, C$, or $ locally). Currently, they are issued in $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100 denominations. All current notes are issued by the Bank of Canada, which released its first series of notes in 1935. The Bank of Canada has contracted the Canadian Bank Note Company to produce the Canadian notes since then. The current series of polymer banknotes were introduced into circulation between November 2011 and November 2013. Banknotes issued in Canada can be viewed at the Bank of Canada Museum in Ottawa.
Currently produced series
The currently produced banknote series of the Canadian dollar both consist of polymer banknotes: the 7th series (Frontier), which was launched in 2011, and the 8th series, which was launched in 2018.
Value Main colour Obverse portrait Reverse design Series year Issued 8th banknote series $10 Purple Viola Desmond Canadian Museum for Human Rights 2018 19 November 2018 7th (Frontier) banknote series $5 Blue Wilfrid Laurier Canadarm2 and Dextre 2013 7 November 2013 $10 Purple John A. Macdonald The Canadian passenger train 2013 7 November 2013 $20 Green Queen Elizabeth II Canadian National Vimy Memorial and poppies 2012 7 November 2012 $50 Red William Lyon Mackenzie King CCGS Amundsen in arctic waters, a map of Canada's North, and the word arctic in Inuktitut (ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖅ, 'ukiuqtaqtuq') 2012 26 March 2012 $100 Brown Robert Borden Medical research, invention of the pacemaker, a DNA double helix, and a vial of insulin 2011 14 November 2011
On 6 May 2023, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that the $20 bill would be updated to feature the new king, Charles III.
Production
Notes are issued by the Bank of Canada, but the actual production of the banknotes is outsourced to the Canadian Bank Note Company in accordance with the specifications and requirements of the Bank of Canada. All wording on the notes appears in both of Canada's official languages, English and French. Banknotes were printed on paper composed of pure cotton. Cotton fibre was discontinued and replaced by a synthetic polymer starting in 2011, with the last of the paper banknotes being made available in November 2013.
Counterfeiting
Efforts to reduce counterfeiting in recent years have sharply reduced the number of counterfeit notes in circulation. The number of counterfeit notes passed annually in Canada peaked in 2004, when 553,000 counterfeit notes were passed. Counterfeiting has decreased annually since that peak, with only 53,536 notes passed in 2010. The new Frontier series of banknotes significantly improves security primarily by using a polymer substrate to make up the note instead of the previously used fabric. Even as Canada's counterfeiting problem escalated, the shift to polymer was viewed as too expensive. A polymer note costs 19 cents to produce, compared to 9 cents for a typical cotton-paper note. All older cotton-paper banknotes prior to the 2013 polymer series are now considered unfit for circulation due to their lacking of modern security features, such as a metallic stripe. Financial institutions must return the banknotes to the Bank of Canada, which will destroy them. Individuals may keep the banknotes indefinitely.
Counterfeiting is measured using a system borrowed from chemistry known as parts per million (PPM). Normally used to judge the potency of molecules in a solution, PPM in the counterfeit sense refers to the number of fake banknotes found in circulation for every one million genuine notes. In 1990, Canada's counterfeit ratio was just 4 PPM, ranking its currency among the most secure in the world. By the late 1990s, the rise of powerful and affordable home computers, store-bought graphics software, easy-to-use scanners and colour ink-jet printers were breeding a new generation of counterfeiters. The number of fake Canadian bills rose as high as 117 PPM by 1997. In 2004 Canada's counterfeit rate had ballooned to 470 PPM. In 2012, the counterfeiting rate had fallen to its lowest point, at 28 PPM. It has since started modestly rising to 36 PPM in 2014. The Bank of Canada's medium-term planning target is to stay below 30 PPM. Most G20 nations used 50 PPM as their benchmark to stay below.
History
See also: History of Canadian currency
The first paper money issued in Canada denominated in dollars were British Army notes, issued between 1813 and 1815 in denominations between $1 and $400. These were emergency issues due to the War of 1812. The first banknotes were issued in 1817 by the Montreal Bank.
Chartered banks
Main article: Canadian chartered bank notes
See also: Early Canadian banking system
Large numbers of chartered banks were founded in the 1830s, 1850s, 1860s and 1870s, although many issued paper money for only a short time. Others, including the Montreal Bank (later called the Bank of Montreal), issued notes for several decades. Until 1858, many notes were issued denominated in both shillings/pounds and dollars (5 shillings = $1 therefore 1 pound = $4). A large number of different denominations were issued, including $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $10, $20, $25, $40, $50, $100, $500, $750 and $1,000. After 1858, only dollar denominations were used. The Bank Act of 1871 limited the smallest denomination the chartered banks could issue to $4, increased to $5 in 1880. To facilitate purchases below $5 without using Dominion notes, some charted banks issued notes in unusually domesticated denominations, such as the $6 and $7 notes issued by the Molsons Bank in 1871. After Confederation, chartered banks were permitted to continue issuing notes until 1944.
Colonial governments
Before Canadian Confederation, dollar-denominated notes were issued by the governments of the Colony of British Columbia, the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. Of these, the Province of Canada, established in 1841, was the most prolific issuer of paper money. Notes were produced for the government by the Bank of Montreal between 1842 and 1862, in denominations of $4, $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100. In 1866, the Province of Canada began issuing its own paper money, in denominations of $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100 and $500. The Dominion of Newfoundland issued notes denominated in Newfoundland dollars from 1901 until it joined Confederation in 1949.
Government of Canada
For a temporary period following Confederation in 1867, Province of Canada notes served as the Dominion of Canada's first national currency, and notes were dispatched from Ontario and Quebec to the other provinces. In 1870, the first Dominion of Canada notes were issued in denominations of 25¢, $1, $2, $500 and $1,000. $50 and $100 notes followed in 1872. The bulk of later government note production was of $1 and $2 notes, with a $4 denomination added in 1882. Notes of $5 were issued starting in 1912. The last 25¢ notes, known as shinplasters due to their small size, were dated 1923. Special notes called Bank Legals were issued by the Dominion of Canada only to banks for transferring large sums of money in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, and $50,000. Issuance of all Dominion notes ceased in 1935, after the establishment of the Bank of Canada.
Other public issuers
Some municipalities also issued dollar-denominated notes. This was most prevalent in the 1930s, when depression scrip was issued in an attempt to alleviate the effects of the Great Depression on local citizens. The province of Alberta also launched its own scheme in 1936 by issuing prosperity certificates.
Bank of Canada
In 1934, with only ten chartered banks still issuing notes, the Bank of Canada was founded and began issuing notes in denominations of $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $25, $50, $100, $500 and $1000. In 1944, the chartered banks were prohibited from issuing their own currency, with the Royal Bank of Canada and the Bank of Montreal among the last to issue notes. Since then, the Bank of Canada has been the sole issuer of banknotes denominated in Canadian dollars. A liability of more than $12 million remains on the Bank of Canada's books up to the present day, representing the face value of Dominion of Canada, provincial, and chartered bank notes still outstanding.
Withdrawn denominations
Main article: Withdrawn Canadian banknotes
The 1935 series was the only series to have included $25 and $500 denominations. Both denominations were short lived. The $25 note was withdrawn on 18 May 1937. Stacks of unissued 1935 $500 notes were destroyed in February 1938, and issued $500 notes were recalled and withdrawn from circulation five months later.
Some of the most significant recent developments in Canadian currency were the withdrawal of the $1, $2, and $1,000 notes in 1989, 1996, and 2000 respectively. The $1 and $2 denominations have been replaced with coins, colloquially referred to as the "loonie" and "toonie" respectively, with the loonie simultaneously replacing the $1 bill as well as the preceding Voyageur dollar coin, the latter of which remains legal tender. In 2000, the $1,000 note was removed at the request of the Solicitor General of Canada and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, as it was reported that they were largely being used for money laundering and organized crime.
List of Bank of Canada banknote series
1935
Main article: 1935 Canadian banknote series
The Bank of Canada was created in 1934 and given responsibility, through an Act of Parliament, to regulate the country's money supply and to "promote the economic and financial welfare of Canada." Accordingly, it was given the exclusive right to issue bank notes in Canada. On 11 March 1935, the Bank of Canada issued its first series of bank notes.
1937
Main article: 1937 Canadian banknote series
The creation of a second series of bank notes, only two years after the first issue, was prompted by changes in Canadian government legislation requiring the Bank of Canada to produce bilingual bank notes. Another contributing factor was the death of King George V on 20 January 1936, and the subsequent abdication of Edward VIII.
1954 Canadian Landscape
Main article: Canadian Landscape
The third series of banknotes of the Canadian dollar issued by the Bank of Canada was the Canadian Landscape series. The banknotes were designed in 1952 following the accession of Elizabeth II to the throne after the death of her father George VI. Her portrait appeared on all denominations in the series. The banknote designs differed significantly from the 1937 series, though the denomination colours and bilingual printing were retained. The design changes were made to portray themes more typical of Canada. This was the first series to include the Canadian coat of arms, which appeared centrally in the background of the obverse.
The banknote series became known as the "Devil's Head" series, because the hair behind the Queen's head looked somewhat like a grinning demon. This led to design modifications for all denominations. The second variant of the series was issued in 1956.
1969 Scenes of Canada
Main article: Scenes of Canada
Because of a growing concern over counterfeiting, the Bank of Canada began to release a new series of bank notes in 1969.
This series represented another complete departure in design from earlier issues:
colourful, wavy patterns were introduced;
a new series of Canadian scenic vignettes was created;
portraits of former Canadian prime ministers were re-introduced. Both Laurier and Macdonald were on the 1935 and 1937 series, but now joined by King and Borden.
This was the last series to feature a $1 banknote, with the banknote replaced by a dollar coin – known as a loonie for its design of a loon on the obverse – in 1987; printing of the $1 banknote ceased in 1989. However, there was a 21-month period where both the $1 bill and coin were produced concurrently, from June 1987 to April 1989.
1986 Birds of Canada
Main article: Birds of Canada (banknotes)
In 1986 the Bank of Canada introduced new banknotes called the Birds of Canada series. The design on the back of each note features a bird indigenous to Canada with a background representing the typical landscape for that bird. The portraits on the front of the note were made larger than those of previous series, and a metallic patch was introduced on the larger notes. Each banknote weighs 1 gram (0.035 oz). This series was the first to include a bar code with the serial number. This allows the visually impaired to distinguish notes with the use of a hand-held device that tells the note's denomination.
This was also the last series that the $2 and $1,000 notes were issued. The $2 note was withdrawn in 1996 and replaced by the $2 coin, known as the toonie. The $1,000 note was withdrawn by the Bank of Canada on 12 May 2000, at the request of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) as part of a program to reduce organized crime. At the time, 2,827,702 of the $1,000 bills were in circulation; by 2011, fewer than 1 million were in circulation, most held by organized crime.
2001 Canadian Journey
Main article: Canadian Journey
Beginning in 2001, the Bank of Canada introduced a new series of notes called "Canadian Journey", featuring images of Canadian heritage and excerpts from Canadian literature. The $10 was first issued on 17 January 2001; the $5 on 27 March 2002; the $100 note on 17 March 2004, the $20 on 29 September 2004, and the $50 on 17 November 2004.
The $20, $50, and $100 notes introduce watermark security features for the first time on Canadian currency since the four-dollar Dominion notes; they also boast significantly expanded holographic security features. Also among the new features are a windowed colour-shifting thread woven into the paper, a see-through number, and enhanced fluorescence under ultraviolet lighting. These features are designed to help Canadians protect themselves by detecting counterfeit notes. All post-2001 series notes also include the EURion constellation, on both sides of the note. The new notes have a tactile feature, which is a series of raised dots (but not Braille) in the upper right corner on the face of each note to aid the visually impaired in identifying currency denominations.
The newer security features on the $20, $50, and $100 notes were added to an updated version of the $10 note released on 18 May 2005, and the Bank of Canada began issuing a $5 note with upgraded security features on 15 November 2006, as part of its ongoing effort to improve the security of Canadian bank notes. The illustrations on the front and back of the upgraded notes are the same as those on the $5 and $10 notes issued in 2001 and 2002.
The "Canadian Journey" literary excerpts are printed in English and French, with the English versions being:
$5: The winters of my childhood were long, long seasons. We lived in three places—the school, the church, and the skating-rink—but our real life was on the skating-rink. (Roch Carrier (born 1937) from his short story Le chandail de hockey (The Hockey Sweater))
$10: In Flanders Fields the poppies blow / Between the crosses, row on row, / That mark our place, and in the sky / The larks, still bravely singing, fly / Scarce heard amid the guns below. (John McCrae (1872–1918), from his poem In Flanders Fields)
$20: Could we ever know each other in the slightest without the arts? (Gabrielle Roy (1909–1983) from her novel La Montagne secrète (The Hidden Mountain))
$50: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights (from Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948)
$100: Do we ever remember that somewhere above the sky in some child's dream perhaps Jacques Cartier is still sailing, always on his way always about to discover a new Canada? (Miriam Waddington (1917–2004) from her poem Jacques Cartier in Toronto)
Canadian Journey banknotes (2004 style) incorporates background colour and consists of series years 2001, 2003, 2003A, 2004, 2004A and 2006. All the notes except the $100 note have additional series years 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2009A (some banknotes only). The $100 2009 series began issuing to the public in early 2010 and was printed in 2009 before they were issued. The 2004 to 2009 series of the $100 note was withdrawn from the circulation in November 2011. The $50 note was withdrawn on 26 March 2012, and $5–$20 notes would be withdrawn in the next 2 years before it will be officially announced.
2011 Frontier
Main article: Frontier Series
Beginning in 2011, the Bank of Canada introduced a new series of polymer banknotes. The $100 note was issued on 14 November 2011; the $50 was issued on 26 March 2012; the $20 banknote was issued on 7 November 2012, and the $10 and $5 denominations were issued on 7 November 2013.
These are the first Canadian notes produced on polymer. In place of a watermark are two visual features: a translucent maple leaf and a transparent window. The leaf includes a security feature that, when viewed close to the eye with a single-point light source behind, produces a circular image displaying the note's denomination. The window is fringed by maple leaves; at its top is a smaller version of the portrait, and at its bottom a light-refracting metallic likeness of an architectural feature from the parliament buildings. The portraits on the face are more centred on the note. The backs of the notes introduce new cultural and thematic imagery, but the literary quotation is not continued. The polymer notes continue the tactile feature, from the Canadian Journey series.
2018
Main article: 2018 Canadian banknote series
On International Women's Day 2016, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that an "iconic" Canadian woman would be featured on one of the upcoming notes.
On 8 December 2016, the Government of Canada and the Bank of Canada announced that civil rights activist Viola Desmond would replace John A. Macdonald (who had been on the face of the $10 note since 1971) as the first non-royal woman to appear alone on a regularly circulated Bank of Canada note. This note was released to the public on 19 November 2018.
Beginning in 2018, newly designed Canadian banknotes (initially the $10 note) were vertical in orientation.
Commemorative issues
Main article: Commemorative banknotes of the Canadian dollar
Commemorative issues Value Main colour Description Date of Front Back Printing Issue $25‡ Purple King George V and Queen Mary Windsor Castle 6 May 1935 $1‡ Dark Green Elizabeth II Old parliament buildings in Ottawa – destroyed by fire in 1916 1967 3 January 1967+ $20 Green Elizabeth II Canadian National Vimy Memorial 2015 9 September 2015 $10 Purple John A. Macdonald, George-Étienne Cartier, Agnes Macphail, James Gladstone Variety of Canadian vistas 2017 1 June 2017
‡ Withdrawn from circulation. Most currency withdrawn from circulation is still legal tender. As of 1 January 2021, the $1, $2, $25, $500 and $1,000 bills from every Bank of Canada series are no longer legal tender. Despite the introduction of new notes, older notes are still in use.
+ Two varieties were printed, the first with conventional serial numbers, the second with the double date "1867–1967" appearing twice instead. Neither type is scarce. Both varieties also have on the obverse a stylized maple leaf with the double date below it.
All notes of the 1954 series or later measure 152.4 millimetres (6.00 in) by 69.85 millimetres (2.750 in).
See also Withdrawn Canadian banknotes.
Myths
A number of myths have circulated regarding Canadian banknotes.
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The Canada Guide
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2016-11-17T02:02:06+00:00
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en
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The Canada Guide
|
https://thecanadaguide.com/basics/money/
|
The Canadian Dollar
In early Canadian history, people in Britain’s Canadian colonies used a variety of different currencies to buy things, including British pounds, American dollars, Spanish pesos, and even unique colonial currencies made by local banks and governments. In 1867, the new unified Canadian government gained exclusive constitutional power over currency, and in 1870 it used this power to pass the Dominion Notes Act (now known as the Currency Act) which made the Canadian Dollar ($) the official currency of Canada. A Canadian dollar is made up of 100 Canadian cents (₵).
A History of the Canadian Dollar, Bank of Canada
Originally tied to value of the British pound, and then the price of gold, since 1931 the Canadian dollar has been a so-called “free-floating” currency with a value determined by the international marketplace. Like most advanced countries, Canada also has a national bank, known as the Bank of Canada, that has the power to both print and buy currency in order to help control the currency’s value. In the opinion of the International Monetary Fund, the Canadian dollar is one of the world’s seven reserve currencies known for its stability and reliability even in times of economic uncertainty.
The Canadian dollar is usually measured in comparison to the American dollar. It is almost always worth less, but the exact value can vary quite a bit depending on what’s going on in the world. At its worst, the Canadian dollar may be worth around 65 American cents; at best, it can be very close to par.
Daily Exchange Rates, Bank of Canada
Canadian Coins are produced by the Royal Canadian Mint, which is known among coin collectors as one of the most extravagant and creative coin-producing entities in the world. In addition to the standard-use coins above, the Mint also produces a vast variety of “special edition” coins in a wide variety of denominations and designs, including very high value coins of pure gold, silver, and platinum, as well as gimmicky novelties like full-colour coins, glow-in-the-dark coins, and Marvel superhero coins.
Canadian Coins, World Coin Gallery
Canadian Paper Money
Canadian paper money, also known as bills, banknotes, or simply notes, is used for larger currency denominations. The current designs, known as the Polymer Series, are actually not made of paper at all, but a sort of thin, flexible plastic known as polymer. Paper bills from the last series — known as the Canadian Journey Series — which began in 2001 and started being officially phased out in 2011, are still sometimes used. Canadian banknote designs usually change every 10 years or so.
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https://www.hiddennewfoundland.ca/ne
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en
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Newfoundland History
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hiddennewfoundland
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https://www.hiddennewfoundland.ca/ne
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It is believed the first people to arrive here were people of the Maritime-Archaic tradition who arrived in southern Labrador around 9000BP to 7000BP and on the island around 7000BP. The Maritime Archaic’s way of life was based heavily on resources from the sea and from hunting and gathering. However, by 5000BP the Maritime Archaic and their culture had completely disappeared.
Around 4000BP, the second group of people named the Early or Pre-Dorset Paleo-Eskimos arrived in Northern Labrador and then travelled to Newfoundland shortly after. However, like the people before them, they disappeared from the region by 3200BP. The next culture to appear is the Groswater people who lived in Newfoundland and Labrador between 3000BP to 2200BP. This trend occurs again with the Dorset Paleo-Eskimos who arrived here around 2000BP before either leaving or becoming extinct around 1000 to 500BP.
Around 800 years ago, the Thule Eskimos, descendants of the Inuit, arrived in Labrador from Greenland and by the time Europeans began expropriating the land of North America, the Innu and Beothuk had also come to call Newfoundland and Labrador home.
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First Europeans
The first people from the east to travel to Newfoundland were the Vikings who arrived here in 1000CE. The only confirmed and authenticated settlement of these Norse travellers in North America is at Lanse Aux Meadows on the Northern Peninsula.
This settlement was short lived however and there was not another mass emigration into Newfoundland until the 1600’s when thousands of English, French, and Portuguese fishermen begin travelling to Newfoundland in order to fish the island’s bountiful cod stocks.
In the early 1600s the English attempted to set up multiple colonies on the east coast of Newfoundland, with the first in Cupers Cove (later named Cupids). The colony did not survive long and after several rough years was abandoned in 1632. Another attempted settlement was the Colony of Avalon (modern day Ferryland) established in 1621. Many reasons were to blame for the failure of these colonies which include harsh weather, poor soil conditions, and conflicts between the French and English.
The French also began establishing colonies on the island in order to better protect their fishing grounds. The most significant of these colonies was setup in Plaisance (or in English, Placentia) where the French built a permanent settlement protected by a fort on Castle Hill.
French and English Relations
Historically the tensions between the French and English were always high and the two countries were constantly at war. Because of this their wars followed them across the Atlantic and caused havoc for the settlers and fishermen here. But after a long war and very little progress was made in establishing settlements in Newfoundland.
After the French’s defeat in 1713 and the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht, the English established claim to most of the Avalon peinsula while the French were confined to the fishing grounds located on the north coast of the island which came to be known as Le Petit Nord. The french names of La Scie, Baie Verte, and Fleur de Lys are reminders of the Frenches presence at the time.
**An old iron forge in La Scie and a strange trees which were imported from France. Sap used to heal blisters that fishermen would experience from working around salt water
But this was not the end to French and English conflicts in Newfoundland. Conflicts would continue until the end of the Seven Years War in 1763 and the signing of the Treaty of Paris which stripped all French land claims from Newfoundland except for the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.
The treaty prohibited the French from settling in Newfoundland but allowed them to continue fishing on the north coast and the Northern Peninsula. This continued until the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1783 when the “French Shore” was changed to occupy the west coast and Northern Peninsula.
19th Century Growth
Over the next half of a century the migratory fishery slowly diminished as more and more people began settling in Newfoundland. During this time as well, Newfoundland saw a large growth rate with Irish settlers who settled in many of the previously French occupied settlements.
This expansion caused many problems for the island’s only indigenous people, the Beothuk. More people settled near the coast and lands that had traditionally been used by the Beothuk to survive. The Beothuk were already suffering from new diseases brought over by the European settler and now starvation was starting to occur because they were being forced out of their hunting and fishing lands.
By 1800, fewer and fewer Beothuks survived until in June, 1829 the last known Beothuk, Shanawdithit died of tuberculosis in St. John’s. Before she passed away however, Shanawdithit shared extensive knowledge of her peoples culture and way of living and as well as the struggles they went through due to European contact.
Becoming a Self-Governing Body
Up until 1832 Newfoundland did not have any formal legal statute as it was not a legal colony. But with an increasing population and outcry by the Newfoundland people, the British government established a representative government system in 1832. Plagued with problems the representative government was replaced by a responsible government in 1855.
In the 19th century Newfoundland’s economy also changed. Greater population and new technology meant people began to move away from the traditional inshore cod fishery and began participating more frequently in the seal, Labrador, and Grand Banks Fishery. The 19th century also saw more people arriving from Ireland, France, Acadians and the Mik’maq of Cape Breton who had already hunted on the island for generations.
But the population increase also meant there was a demand for more work and the fishery was unsustainable in the number of jobs it could supply. This in part led to the construction of the Newfoundland Railway. Politicians believed having a railway that would cross the province would allow new industries to grow such as mining, forestry, and agriculture and also would lead to more trade with Canada through Nova Scotia.
Newfoundland Railway and New Industry
In August 1881, a narrow-gauge (3'6") railway line began to be constructed in the east end of St. John’s on what is now Empire Avenue. While it had a bumpy start and would become a financial nightmare, the Newfoundland Railway would also be a symbol of pride and nationalism for the people of Newfoundland. Stretching from St. John’s to Port aux Basque when completed the railway would also consist of multiple branch lines connecting the communities of Bonavista, Carbonear, and Placentia and while doing so open up the islands interior to possible development and industrialization.
At the end of the 1800s mining and forestry were gaining in popularity. Small mining operations were occurring in many communities and coves around the island the provinces forestry industry was starting to get underway. The forestry would soon grow into the successful Grand-Falls and Corner Brook Mills and the mining industry would result in the creation of thousands of jobs in places such as Buchans, Baie Verte, and Bell Island.
The end of the 1800s also brought with it destruction when in 1892, most of St. John’s was destroyed in a fire. The fire was not the first with severe fires occurring in 1816, 1817, 1819, and 1846. The result of this is very few buildings begin preserved in the city before this time.
Financial Trouble
In 1907 Newfoundland was granted Dominion status, meaning it would have more freedom from British rule and law. While this brought great pride to the nation it also brought with it great financial debt as a result of the railway and bank crash of 1892. This was exhuberated after the sacrifices Newfoundland made during World War I and the debt it collected along the way.
The effects of the stock market crash in 1929 were felt immediately in Newfoundland. Fish prices crashed and with it the Newfoundland economy fell into disarray. This in combination with Newfoundland’s already crippling railway and war debt forced the Newfoundland Government to make a deal with Britain to suspend self governance and allow Britain to have full control of the Dominion of Newfoundland in exchange for Newfoundlands debt. This made Newfoundland one of the only self governing bodies in history to willingly give up its independence and democracy.
Following this in 1934, the Commission of Government was created consisting of a governor and six officials appointed by the British Government; three from Newfoundland and three from Britain.
World War II
The outbreak of World War II in 1939 brought great change to Newfoundland and Labrador. Britain was losing the Battle of Atlantic. German U-boats were conquering and destroying many supply ships and military convoys en route to aid them in the war. British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill knew that Britain would need warships in order to defeat the Germany in the North Atlantic. Meanwhile, the American President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, began looking at ways it could defend the United States if Britain were to fall.
As a result, on September 2, 1940 the two countries made a deal known as the "Destroyers for Bases Agreement". In exchange for 50 old "Caldwell, Wickes, and Clemson class" destroyers the United States was granted 99 year British land leases on the island of Newfoundland. Newfoundland’s strategic location in the North Atlantic meant it was a critical refuelling point for aircraft and ships travelling to Europe and a critical location for defending North America.
This resulted in dozens of United States air force bases, naval stations, radar stations and other essential military bases being constructed immediately after the agreement was signed. The Canadian Government also saw the strategic importance of Newfoundland and Labrador and began constructing air force and army bases in the province as well. This brought with it, an influx of jobs and money into the crippling Newfoundland and Labrador economy.
Confederation
After the war, the people of Newfoundland and Labrador had to decide what type of government they wanted to carry them into the second half of the 20th century. To this a referendum was held where citizens could vote for three possibilities: continue the commission of government under British rule, return to responsible government like it was before 1932 or join confederation with Canada.
When the first referendum occurred in June 1948, the people voted for Responsible Government. Only 14% of people voted for the return of the Commission of Government however and in order to pursue a majority out come (51%), a second referendum was held in July with only two options: confederation or responsible government. This time 52% of people voted in favour of confederation and as a result on March 31, 1949 Newfoundland became the tenth province of Canada.
Confederation advocate, Joseph Smallwood became the first Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador. Smallwood’s government would change Newfoundland and Labrador greatly. One such change was the resettlement program implemented in 1954. Between 1954 and 1974 approximately 27,000 people were relocated, and 250 communities were abandoned.
The Smallwood government was also fixated on industrializing the province and creating a more employable work force. And while some of the initiates started by this government were a huge success (ie. Lafarges were coated with scandals and poor management leading to their failure.
During the Cold War many of the American and Canadian military bases built during World War II continued operating. Newfoundland’s strategic location meant that once again it was the site of military and spacecraft radar stations used to monitor and patrol the skies over the Atlantic of possible Soviet Union aircraft and missiles. But as technology advanced and tensions between the two nuclear powers eased, so did the military presence in Newfoundland.
A Modern Province
The rest of the 20th century in Newfoundland and Labrador focused around the diversification of its economy and people. Newfoundland and Labrador saw the creation of many new industries during this time as well such as the aquaculture industry in Bay D’espoir, hydro developments in central Newfoundland and in Labrador, new tourism industries with the implementation of provincial and national parks, and many new mining opportunities such as the nickel mine at Voiseys bay and the iron ore mine in Lab City/Wabush.
The most pronounced change to come was in 1979, oil was first discovered off Newfoundland’s shores, causing an economic boom in the province. However not even the oil boom was enough to mitigate the effects of the moratorium placed on northern cod stocks in 1992. While compensation packages were given to those effected, Newfoundland and Labradors long history focused on the sea came to an end almost overnight.
Newfoundland and Labrador’s long history and rich culture makes it unlike anywhere else in the world.
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https://www.coinsandcanada.com/coins-prices-newfoundland.php
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en
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Newfoundland coins price guide and values
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Coins and Canada - Newfoundland coins price guide and values
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Coinsandcanada.com
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https://www.coinsandcanada.com/coins-prices-newfoundland.php
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You are: Home » Canadian coins » Provincial coins » Newfoundland price guide and values
Newfoundland price guide and values
Newfoundland, a separate British colony, was allowed to issue its own coinage (1, 5, 10, 20, 25 and 50 cents) beginning in 1865. However, in introducing the new currency in 1865, Newfoundland, unlike other colonies, chose to include a 2 dollars gold coin among the denominations it was issuing.
The value of a Newfoundland coin depends on several factors such as quality and wear, supply and demand, rarity, finish and more. Values in the section are based on the market, trends, auctions and recognized books, publications and catalogs. This section also includes information on history, errors, varieties, characteristics and more.
Related numismatic tools, articles and links
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https://www.money.org/money-museum/virtual-exhibits-moe-case19/
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en
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Canadian Money - American Numismatic Association
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2020-01-01T18:23:19+00:00
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Early European settlers in Canada, primarily French and English, were faced with the same difficulties as those in what became the United States. No local sources of silver or gold were discovered, so alternative sources of wealth had to be developed in order to encourage new settlers. European demand for beaver pelts became the catalyst for permanent settlement in Canada. The fur trade was profitable for over two centuries and was a major factor in French, English and Native American relations in the region.
|
en
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American Numismatic Association
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https://www.money.org/money-museum/virtual-exhibits-moe-case19/
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Early Canadian settlers relied on furs and other commodities as money, supplemented with whatever coinage was available through trade, including tokens and counterfeit issues from the American colonies. The first coins struck for Canada were silver 5 and 15 sol pieces produced by France in 1670. These were followed by copper coins in 1717 of 6 and 12 deniers, and later 9 deniers. English-speaking Canada was left to its own resources.
Modern Canadian coinage began with provincial tokens in the 1820s issued by banks in Upper (primarily English speaking) and Lower (primarily French speaking) Canada. Regular coinage was first issued in 1858 by the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland – all struck by the Royal Mint in dollar and cent denominations. The coins featured Queen Victoria on the obverse and the denomination on the reverse. Under the Dominion of Canada, a united coinage was struck for the first time in 1870. A branch of the Royal Mint was established in Ottawa in 1908, which became the Royal Canadian Mint in 1931.
The earliest Canadian paper currency was in the form of playing cards issued by the Governor General of New France during the 1680s. The system collapsed in the 1690s, leaving private promissory notes known as “bons” (for bon pour – “good for”). Emergency notes issued by the British military during the War of 1812 were widely accepted due to their gold backing and were followed by notes issued by Canadian private banks.
The first Canadian dollar notes were issued by the Montreal Bank in 1817, beginning a chartered banknote period lasting until 1944. Many early private notes were issued with dual denominations in dollars and pounds sterling, but the dollar eventually became standard on all Canadian money. Colonial notes were issued by provincial governments from 1841 until the formation of the Dominion of Canada in 1867. Dominion notes were the first Canadian national paper currency and were replaced by Bank of Canada notes in 1935 that are still in use today.
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https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/newfoundland/
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Newfoundland
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2024-07-02T21:50:49+00:00
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Newfoundland entered the Great War with great enthusiasm, but was unprepared for what lay ahead. The war greatly stimulated the local economy, since fish prices rose to unprecedented heights. The mining industry also eventually prospered, but the newsprint sector did less well. This is partly because there were endemic shipping problems caused in part by the sale of locally-owned steel-hulled vessels to the Russian government. Originally managed by the Newfoundland Patriotic Association, recruitment became a responsibility of the new National Government in 1917, which brought in conscription. The long-term impact of the war undermined the country’s independence.
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1914-1918-Online (WW1) Encyclopedia
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https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/newfoundland/
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Newfoundland entered the Great War with great enthusiasm, but was unprepared for what lay ahead. The war greatly stimulated the local economy, since fish prices rose to unprecedented heights. The mining industry also eventually prospered, but the newsprint sector did less well. This is partly because there were endemic shipping problems caused in part by the sale of locally-owned steel-hulled vessels to the Russian government. Originally managed by the Newfoundland Patriotic Association, recruitment became a responsibility of the new National Government in 1917, which brought in conscription. The long-term impact of the war undermined the country’s independence.
Background
Newfoundland – then as now – consists of two parts. There is the island, where the bulk of the small population lived (and lives), and there is Labrador, the huge territory to the north. In 1914, the boundaries of Labrador were contested between Newfoundland and Canada. The final decision in Newfoundland’s favour came in 1927, though it was previously agreed that Newfoundland controlled an undefined coastal strip between Blanc Sablon and Cape Chidley.
It was a colony with a large territory – the island alone contains nearly 109,000 square kilometres – and a small population, a little over 243,000 in 1914. Most residents were native-born (as had been the case since the mid-19th century), and many of them had southwest English or southeast Irish ancestry, population sources that reflected the routes of 18th century migratory fishery. Families lived around the coast, for the most part, and worked in the fisheries. This included the seal fishery, or “hunt”, which was especially important to the island’s northeast coast. In 1911, 43,795 men were employed in catching and curing fish, and 23,245 women in curing fish; the forestry, mining and manufacturing industries employed a combined total of 6,285 persons. The small merchant and professional class was centred on the capital, St. John’s, on the east coast of the Avalon Peninsula, which had a population of about 32,000. The town was also the colony’s political hub.
During the period from 1906 to 1910, 84.4 percent of exports by value were derived from the fisheries. The economy depended on foreign trade, since fisheries products had to be sent abroad – mainly to Mediterranean countries and Brazil – and most foodstuffs, let alone salt, twine and so on, had to be imported. Imports came mainly from Canada, the United States and Britain. Between 1909/1910 and 1913/1914, exports averaged $13.5 million and imports $14.4 million, a trade imbalance that was not seen as serious, and was paid for largely by borrowing from the Canadian banks that had arrived in Newfoundland in the mid-1890s, and through public debt, which reached $30.5 million in 1913/1914. The size of the debt was largely the result of building a railway across the island, and then popular, but inefficient and costly branch lines.
The colony was economically undiversified. The one significant move in a new direction was the establishment of the Harmsworth-owned newsprint mill at Grand Falls in central Newfoundland, which began to take shape from 1906. There was another, smaller pulp operation at nearby Bishop’s Falls, also British-owned. There had been efforts to develop mining, but the single lasting success story were the iron ore mines on Bell Island in Conception Bay. Other mines had faltered and frequently failed. Similarly, attempts to develop the island’s agricultural resources (which were limited) had little success except where significant markets existed. Fishing families tended their often productive gardens, but these were not designed to produce a surplus; if there was one, it was bartered locally. The core of the economy remained the fishery. Total trade in 1913/1914 was valued at $30.3 million.
Since 1855, Newfoundland had possessed responsible government. There was a bicameral legislature – an elected House of Assembly (though Labrador was not represented) and an appointed Legislative Council. The prime minister in 1914 was Sir Edward P. Morris (1859-1935) who led the People’s Party, first elected in 1909. The opposition in the legislature was divided between the Liberal Party, led by James M. Kent (1872-1939), and the Fishermen’s Protective Union (FPU) headed by William F. Coaker (1871-1938). It was an alliance, but an uneasy one. The governor had considerable influence, in this instance Sir Walter Davidson (1859-1923) (fresh from the Seychelles) who, like his predecessors, had no practical knowledge or experience of a responsible government colony.
Newfoundland in the British Empire
Newfoundlanders of European descent – the vast majority – often characterised their country as an “ancient and loyal colony”, the foundation stone of the British Empire. These assumptions derived from the probable transatlantic voyage of Zuan Caboto John Cabot, c. (1450-1499) in 1497 and his possible landfall at Cape Bonavista, and a history that was typically characterised as one of constant struggle: against the English West Country merchants who had controlled the migratory fishery, against local enforcers (the hated fishing admirals), and against an always neglectful and at times hostile British government. Throughout, Newfoundlanders had remained steadfastly loyal to the British Crown. This version of the Newfoundland past was promoted by local historians such as Daniel W. Prowse (1834-1914) and Moses Harvey (1820-1901), and was shared by those of both English and Irish descent, the latter valuing the freedoms that they enjoyed within the British Empire.
Newfoundland has and had a substantial Aboriginal population – Mi’kmaq, Innu, Inuit and Metis – largely on the southeastern and western coasts, and most significantly in Labrador. These peoples have recently asserted their separate existence and land claims. But, in 1914, no official distinction was recognised between Indigenous and European. Newfoundland was seen as a European settler colony; that, and the possession of responsible government, meant that it followed the track of Canada and the larger settlement colonies towards dominion status, which was officially achieved in 1907. It never changed its name, and remained a “colony”. Although it occupied a very large territory, the population was small. Newfoundland never achieved the same status within the empire as Canada or Australia, and had to reconcile itself to a position of minor importance.
The British government had been centrally concerned by international treaties giving fishing rights in Newfoundland waters to foreign powers, which had led to some assertiveness on the part of the colony and to endless disputes. But by 1914 these concerns had been settled. France had agreed to give up the seasonal fishery on its “Treaty Shore” as part of the entente cordiale in 1904, and American rights in British North American waters had been defined at The Hague in 1910. In 1914, the colonial government had no wish to trouble the imperial waters, and seemed content with Newfoundland’s status within the empire. This status meant, of course, that the colony participated in the Imperial War Conference and Cabinet, and in the peace negotiations at Versailles.
Politics in 1914
All three political parties supported the British declaration of war in 1914 and – the FPU with some justified hesitation – the decision to raise a Newfoundland Regiment of 500 men. That the already existing Royal Naval Reserve should be enlarged was not disputed. British and imperial loyalty and enthusiasm had long been a feature of the local colonial nationalism to which almost all residents subscribed, no matter what their ethnic background. An observer noted that the level of excitement in August 1914 “could not have been greater if the enemy were at the entrance of Saint John’s harbour.” The political parties also supported the Newfoundland Patriotic Association (NPA) chaired by Governor Davidson, which was created in 1914 to manage the war effort and regiment.
Regardless of political affiliation, local newspapers were unanimous in supporting the war and also disseminated pro-war propaganda, insisting that this was a “holy war” against a “barbarous” and “anti-Christian” German Empire. The Newfoundland Regiment as a distinctly national force brought a strong local dimension to the war effort, constantly emphasized by the press, which referred to the regiment simply as “Ours.” Even press censorship – confined to war-related issues – was not objected to. There was strong support for the war effort from all the churches and from their allied fraternal and friendly organisations. Even the harsh British suppression of the 1916 Easter Rising in Dublin does not appear to have negatively influenced Catholic attitudes toward the war to any appreciable extent. About fifty-eight foreign nationals were deported in 1915 as a result of spy fever and the caution of the British Admiralty. They were mainly from Germany and Austria-Hungary, but included the provocative American artist Rockwell Kent (1882-1971), then living in Brigus, Conception Bay.
The outbreak of war, as elsewhere, also gave a boost to those campaigning for the prohibition of alcoholic beverages. It was already almost impossible to obtain alcohol legally outside the St. John’s electoral districts, but patriotism strengthened the cause and in 1915 the Morris government agreed to a plebiscite. The proposal was carried, and prohibition came into effect on 1 January 1917. It probably caused as many problems as it solved, and prohibition was repealed in 1924.
William Coaker was a prohibitionist, but the FPU that he had created was anomalous in the local context. The rise of the union from 1908 was probably the most significant political and economic change to occur in Newfoundland during the first part of the 20th century. Founded in Notre Dame Bay on the northeast coast, the union had initially hoped to dominate rural Newfoundland. But there were significant economic differences between the different regions of the island which limited its appeal in some areas, and a conservative Roman Catholic Church was intensely hostile to the FPU from the start, officially because it was seen as a “secret society”. The result was that the union was largely confined to Protestant regions on the east and northeast coasts. Though Coaker was a reformer rather than an iconoclast (and an imperial patriot), and worked within the system, the FPU was also fiercely opposed by most merchants. They did not welcome change or competition, disliked the FPU’s demand for better fish prices, and hated its class-based rhetoric. The establishment, which included many influential members of the NPA, wanted business as usual.
Nevertheless, the FPU started a trading company, opened trading stores, published a newspaper, and decided to form a political party. It first ran candidates in the 1913 general election and elected eight of them. Though officially allied to the Liberal party, FPU seats came largely at Liberal expense and its leader, Sir Robert Bond (1857-1927), resigned in disgust before the first 1914 legislative session opened. The People’s Party also lost seats to the FPU, but still managed to maintain a majority of six (though not of the popular vote). The political situation was by no means stable, and it is unsurprising that Morris avoided a coalition by agreeing to the formation of the NPA. This expedient took the war effort out of partisan politics and ensured inter-denominational cooperation – a very important consideration. The war was expected to be of short duration, and imperial enthusiasm papered over political divisions.
Also in the background was the issue of confederation with Canada. This possibility was widely unpopular, and generally regarded as a last resort. But it was strongly supported by the Reid Newfoundland Company, which controlled much of the colony’s transportation system and had bankrolled the People’s Party. Morris expressed interest, and the Canadian government responded positively, if with great caution. Clandestine manoeuvers continued into 1916, but the flirtation came to nothing.
The Economy
The start of the war prompted an economic downturn, but the export price of codfish had recovered by the end of 1914. Lobster exports were hit hard, though, since most of the product went to Germany. By mid-1915 trade had increased substantially, and by 1916 exceeded pre-war levels. There was a change in direction towards Canada and the United States, because the war closed many European markets, but overall the total value of exports increased from $13 million in 1914 to $36 million in 1918. This was in spite of a lack of shipping tonnage, for which St. John’s ship owners were partly to blame.
At the start of the war, Newfoundland ship owners possessed a world-class fleet of steel-hulled steamships. These were used to carry both freight and passengers, and in addition were employed at the annual seal hunt. Then came news that the Russian government wanted to buy ice-breaking steamers for use in the White Sea, and that they were willing to pay well above market price. Within a matter of months, the Reid Newfoundland Company sold two ships, A. J. Harvey and Company three, and Job Brothers one. Without these large vessels a severe shortage of locally-owned shipping tonnage developed. Opposition politicians and labour organizations denounced the ship owners for putting greed ahead of the interests of the country, and it remained a focus for critics of the government.
This problem was exacerbated by a reduction in services to Newfoundland by British and North American steamship companies. Between 1914 and 1918, overseas shipping rates increased by 600 percent, and space on trans-Atlantic vessels for Newfoundland goods was virtually non-existent. Thus, as the war continued, Newfoundland was unable to take full advantage of increased demand for its products.
The shipping shortage also reduced the availability and increased the cost of essential imports. In the winter of 1915-1916, there was a shortage of coal, leading to dramatic price increases and accusations from newspapers that merchants were hoarding supplies to drive up the price. This forced the Morris government to intervene and fix the price of coal. The situation was repeated the following winter, and in 1917 coal was selling at double the pre-war price. It was reported in April 1917 that the prices of a wide range of foodstuffs and consumer goods had gone up by an average of 100 percent. The problem was worst in Labrador, which suffered from a severe lack of food during the war.
The salt cod industry, Newfoundland’s economic mainstay, struggled in the years leading up to the war, and the uncertainties of 1914 caused further troubles. But wartime conditions severely disrupted the fish trade of competitors such as Norway, Iceland and France, and Newfoundland’s cod fishery started to recover in 1915. Prices for salt cod increased substantially in 1916, and catch rates were higher than they had been for years. The local press hailed the 1917 fishing season as “perhaps the best in the history of Newfoundland.” The next year proved to be even better, with fishermen being paid as much as $14.46 per quintal for dried cod, double the pre-war price. The total export value of salt cod increased from $7.3 million in the 1914 season to $24.3 million in the 1918 season. In the last two years of the war, many fishermen invested in new gear, including cod traps and motor boats, to better take advantage of the high prices. But the expansion of the fishery under such extraordinary circumstances did not bode well for the future.
The war also stimulated demand for other fishery products. The most dramatic expansion was of exports of refined cod oil, used in the manufacture of explosives. In the year before the war, Newfoundland exported 26,218 gallons of refined oil; for 1918, total exports had ballooned to 342,529 gallons at a previously undreamt-of price of $400 per tonne. Demand for cod oil began to decline as soon as the war was over.
The dramatic growth in most branches of the fishery did not extend to the sealing industry, which found itself in a decline from which it would never fully recover. The 1915 spring seal hunt was deemed “practically a complete failure,” resulting in the smallest catch on record, though there were slight signs of recovery in 1916. The sale of the steel-hulled steamers ended their participation, and the sealing fleet declined from twenty steamers in 1914 to twelve in 1918; the number of sealers dropped in the same period from 3,959 to 2,056. Some ship owners got out of the industry entirely. A. J. Harvey and Company abandoned sealing after the sale of its steel steamers, claiming that new sealing regulations passed in 1916 would make the hunt unprofitable. The sealing industry would never return to its pre-war level.
The war also created major problems for the Grand Falls pulp and paper mill, which, until 1914, exported nearly all of its output to the United Kingdom. While exports dipped only slightly in 1915, the following years were hard on the industry. In 1916, the British government imposed restrictions on the import of newsprint, while the mill found it difficult to obtain coal and other supplies. The shortage of tonnage created problems throughout the war, even after the Anglo Newfoundland Development Company (“AND Company”) purchased two ships to carry paper overseas. It was a struggle just to keep the mill going, and on a few occasions in 1917 the mill had to curtail production. On top of this, the rate of military enlistment in Grand Falls was second only to St. John’s, which meant the company faced a shortage of workers. By the latter part of the war, the Grand Falls mill was exporting nearly all of its output to the United States, making up in part for the decrease in exports to Britain. Nevertheless, exports of pulp and paper remained far below their pre-war levels for the duration of the conflict. Peace brought renewed demand for newsprint, though, and pulp and paper was one of the few export industries that did well in the 1920s.
Another opportunity, in forestry exports, emerged with the outbreak of war, though it generated controversy. The German naval presence in the Baltic Sea threatened the supply of pit props for Britain’s coal-mining industry, since they came primarily from Scandinavia. St. John’s merchants believed that they could make up for any shortfall by exporting pit props from Newfoundland, a move which seemed to have all the makings of a very profitable venture. But the government had to lift an existing ban on the export of unmanufactured timber, and allow commercial timber cutting within three miles of the shoreline. The “Three Mile Limit” was meant to preserve timber for the use of local inhabitants, and not surprisingly this decision led to widespread protests, in which the FPU took the lead. While large quantities of pit props were exported in 1915 and 1916, by mid-1917 the shortage of shipping tonnage made it almost impossible to get pit props to the United Kingdom, and the timber already cut had to be disposed of elsewhere.
The experience of the Bell Island iron ore mines was mixed. There were two companies involved, the Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Company, and the Dominion Iron and Steel Company. Both depended heavily on exports of iron and steel from Cape Breton to Europe, including Germany, and the onset of war rendered these markets largely inaccessible. In the autumn of 1914, the Dominion mine laid off 1,500 men, 75 percent of its work force, while the Scotia mine ceased production altogether. The rapid development of war-related industries in Canada turned the mines’ fortunes around fairly quickly, since Canada obtained roughly one third of its iron ore supply from Bell Island. By 1916, the mines had recovered, and operated for most of that year at full capacity. Though there was slight increase in the price of iron ore, shipping problems meant that exports thereafter were below pre-war amounts.
There was a temporary boom in the market for copper, leading to a mine reopening at Tilt Cove on the Baie Verte peninsula, but rising shipping rates made the venture unprofitable and the mine soon closed. Coal shortages led the AND Company, in conjunction with the Reid Newfoundland Company, to mine (once again) a coal seam at Howley in the Grand Lake area. It produced several hundred tons of coal before shutting down in 1920.
There was some stimulus to local manufacturing for the domestic market, at least where raw materials could be obtained. The production of clothing in St. John’s increased considerably. At least two new factories opened in 1917-1918, and existing facilities expanded production. One firm which did particularly well was the Newfoundland Clothing Company, which obtained the contract to produce British service dress uniforms for the Newfoundland Regiment.
There was also an attempt to secure business from the growing demand for artillery shells. In 1915, a group of St. John’s businessmen secured a contract from Britain to manufacture 4.5-inch howitzer shells and formed the Newfoundland Shell Company. It employed around 80 men and women, and produced 40,000 shells by 1917. Despite difficulties in obtaining raw materials and maintaining quality control, the factory managed to return a profit to its shareholders. But, by mid-1917, it had become impossible to secure shipping space to get the shells to Liverpool, and the company closed down.
The tonnage crisis stimulated the building of wooden sailing vessels. In the first half of 1916, Newfoundland shipping interests purchased thirty sailing vessels to carry fish and other cargo, and there was a demand for locally-built vessels as well. Shipyards were busier than they had been in years, often building large vessels. The Norwegian-owned Newfoundland Shipbuilding Company, established at Harbour Grace in 1917, built six large tern schooners before its yard was destroyed by fire in 1919. The FPU set up a shipyard in its new town of Port Union, aiming to construct schooners to take salt fish abroad. The AND Company commissioned two of the largest schooners ever built in Newfoundland in order to ship pulp overseas and coal back to the mill, but they did not go into service until after the war. By November 1918, around 150 large Newfoundland-based sailing vessels were engaged in the carriage of salt fish and other goods, a response to wartime demand and the tonnage crisis.
The expansion of Newfoundland’s economy, together with a high level of working-class enlistment in the military, meant that the widespread unemployment that had characterised the pre-war period had disappeared by 1917. There was also a major (if temporary) increase in the number of women in paid employment, especially in the manufacturing sector. But if the high levels of employment in the later stages of the war created some degree of prosperity, this was offset by a substantial increase in the cost of living. The issue of workers’ purchasing power was a key factor in the formation, in April 1917, of a new broadly-based union, the Newfoundland Industrial Workers Association (NIWA), which grew to 3,500 members within a year, including over 400 women. It rapidly became the face of a new labour militancy which emerged from wartime conditions. In the spring of 1918, the NIWA launched a successful three-week strike against the powerful Reid Newfoundland Company, which appeared at first to usher in a new era for local workers. But the NIWA, and the hopes it represented, faded into obscurity during the post-war recession.
The National Government
Morris and his government faced few local political problems during the first two years of the war. Financial strain and inter-party tensions certainly existed, and, in March 1916, Morris moved to simplify the situation by sending James Kent to the Supreme Court, an offer the latter could not refuse. An acolyte of Sir Robert Bond, Kent had been determined to keep the Liberal party in existence; his promotion removed both an impediment to confederation, and to national government, should either be necessary. The new leader of a now amalgamated opposition, known as the Liberal-Union party, was William F. Lloyd (1864-1937), a working-class Englishman who, though a Liberal, had known Coaker for many years. A former schoolteacher and newspaper editor who had become a lawyer, Lloyd was a conciliatory figure, but by no means a cypher. Opponents claimed that he was a lackey of Coaker, arguing that the FPU now dominated the opposition, and there is some truth to this accusation. However, Morris and his party knew that the result of the election scheduled for 1917 was very uncertain. The People’s Party might well lose, and an extension of the usual term (four years) therefore seemed necessary. Morris wanted to avoid a contest if at all possible, especially if conscription became a major issue, and extension was approved by the British government. This placed Morris in a strong position to bargain with the opposition.
It is also clear that he wanted to leave everyday politics. Morris was in Europe for much of the summer and fall in 1916, and again from late January to the spring of 1917, attending meetings of the Imperial War Cabinet and Conference. This was in spite of the fact that the government faced major problems. The first was maintaining the strength of the Newfoundland Regiment, which had suffered severe casualties in France. Voluntary recruitment was insufficient, the NPA seemed incapable of dealing with the situation, and conscription looked inevitable, widely unpopular though it was. The second problem was inflation and profiteering, confirmed by the reports of the High Cost of Living Commission appointed in April 1917.
Given that government action on these problems would demand the support of all parties, Morris proposed a coalition in July 1917; and after a period of political deadlock, a national government emerged. It was the result of agreements between the People’s Party, and Morris personally, with the Liberal-Union opposition, which had its own demands. There would be a unified national government, and a ministry of militia would replace the NPA. Morris would resign his seat by the end of 1917, and the national government would then be led by Lloyd, seen as a mutually acceptable figure. The life of the legislature would be extended even further, and it was accepted that the issues of direct taxation and conscription had to be faced. Morris in fact dealt with a profits tax in 1917 by adding compliant members to the recalcitrant Legislative Council and restricting its powers concerning money bills. Income tax was imposed the following year. William Lloyd became prime minister in January 1918. It was his national government that had to face the divisive issue of conscription.
Conscription
The NPA’s initial recruitment drive in 1914-1915 had met with success in St. John’s and adjacent areas. But in the small outports scattered around the coast, the infrastructure needed to facilitate enlistment simply did not exist. Nor, in many cases, did sufficient available manpower. Roughly half of the adult male work force was employed directly or indirectly in the fishery, and the proportion was much higher in smaller communities. Since the fishery was, in most areas, based on household production, men were not as easily replaced as the clerks and labourers in St. John’s. The absence of a crewman on a small fishing vessel could doom a family to destitution. The leaders of the NPA, and many contributors to the St. John’s press, tended to attribute low recruitment numbers to a lack of patriotism in the outports. This was a simplistic conclusion that showed little understanding of the rural economy. While the government and employers tried to make it easier for urban workers to join the regiment, no such measures existed to protect the livelihoods or incomes of men employed in the fishery.
There were other factors. Over 2,000 Newfoundlanders enlisted in the Royal Naval Reserve and a further 550 in the merchant marine; the vast majority of these men came from the outports. At least two thirds of the 494 men who enlisted in the Newfoundland Forestry Corps came from rural areas. Additional complications derived from the NPA’s insistence that only recruits who signed up in Newfoundland could be accepted into the regiment, which excluded men living in Canada or the United Kingdom. Thousands of military-age men from Newfoundland were living in Canada, most of whom were from rural communities, and this decision removed a potentially large body of recruits. Moreover, between 1915 and 1918, roughly half of all volunteers for the regiment were rejected, mostly on medical grounds. This continued to be the case even after the British Army’s strict physical standards were relaxed in 1916.
Calls for conscription began in April 1917, after the regiment suffered heavy casualties at Monchy-le-Preux. There was considerable support in St. John’s, where material and emotional investment had been made in the Newfoundland Regiment, and the regiment’s performance increased the pressure to maintain its separate existence. Generally speaking, while support for conscription was strongest in St. John’s, there was widespread opposition in rural areas – though many individuals and organizations were resigned to its inevitability. However, Coaker estimated that rural Newfoundlanders opposed conscription by two to one.
A militia department was created in July 1917, but it did not move immediately towards conscription. The government decided instead to organize a major recruiting drive in rural districts at the end of the fishing season. The results were disappointing. The fishery was booming and high prices made men reluctant to leave for the trenches. In early 1918, Coaker stated that he would support conscription, but only if it was endorsed by a national referendum.
What happened in Europe eventually decided the question. The German offensive in the spring of 1918 caused Britain to call for reinforcements, and in late April, the regiment was withdrawn from the front: it would see no action until it received more men. The government then decided to introduce a conscription bill, tied to second bill postponing elections until after the war. Coaker dropped the demand for a referendum and other union members followed. To win over public opinion, the government also promised to introduce income tax, thus linking the conscription of men to the conscription of wealth. The news that conscription was coming led to a significant upsurge in enlistments. Over 600 men volunteered that spring, enough to bring the regiment at up to strength for the remainder of 1918.
The Military Services Act (MSA), which became law on 11 May 1918, required that unmarried men between 19 and 25 years of age should register for the draft by later that month. The time period was short and there was an enormous amount of confusion, especially since the registration period coincided with start of the fishing season. Ultimately, the deadline was extended.
There were rumours in St. John’s of violent disturbances in the northern bays, but most were wildly exaggerated. The most serious incident seems to have taken place at Wesleyville, where anti-conscription agitators disrupted a patriotic concert. An anti-conscription demonstration in Bonavista came to nothing, and the only reported case of violence occurred in Conception Harbour, where some young men allegedly knocked down a local schoolteacher who had been involved in recruiting. Some men in Torbay and Flatrock allegedly made threats against the police, but were swiftly arrested. Such incidents show that while strong opposition to conscription existed in some areas, the situation was nothing like the rioting that followed the 1917 imposition of compulsory service in Canada. The reaction to conscription was in fact fairly muted, and the “crisis” fizzled out quickly. Attacks on the government, and especially on William Coaker, led to the only major official actions to stifle dissent. Two newspapers were temporarily shut down. They were accused of trying to stir up anti-conscription sentiment in Roman Catholic districts, after they attacked the government for bungling the exemption process and causing delays to the start of fishery.
Despite the confusion over registration, 1,573 men were conscripted by the war’s end, and 2,056 were rejected. The irony is that conscription proved to have been unnecessary, since the war ended before any conscript reached the front.
The Aftermath
The Armistice found the Newfoundland economy at an historic high point, but prosperity was not to last. Demand for goods related to the war effort collapsed, and industries that had expanded to meet that demand contracted. The post-war recession was an international phenomenon, but Newfoundland was particularly hard hit. In large part, this was because the wartime boom had made the colony’s economic well-being even more dependent on fish sales abroad. Of the $36.8 million of goods exported in 1917-1918, the fisheries accounted for 89 percent, and salt cod alone 66 percent.
The immediate post-war period saw a revival of the French and Norwegian fisheries, and expanded fishing efforts by such competitors as Iceland and Portugal. Currency movements were erratic until at least the mid-1920s. The northern countries in particular were not afraid of a degree of state control and moved towards a much improved competitive position. Newfoundland, by contrast, stagnated as fish merchants rejected state management and insisted on preserving traditional laissez-faire attitudes. At the same time, some consuming countries like Italy refused to continue to pay inflated wartime prices. The result was that the price paid to fishermen dropped from $14.46 per quintal at war’s end to $9.77 in 1920 and $6.86 in 1922, lower than the pre-war price. In 1931, it reached $4.52. The collapse devastated many fishing families and encouraged emigration to the United States and Canada, particularly since the cost of food and other essentials had not also declined.
It was also devastating for the government. Newfoundland had borrowed almost $15 million to fund its war effort, driving the public debt to $43 million in 1919-1920. The actual cost of the war over time was nearer to $35 million, a huge amount for a small population. In terms of lives lost, 167 naval reservists were killed or died of disease, and 125 became invalids. Of the nearly 5,000 soldiers who went to Europe, 1,232 were killed, 18 declared missing, and 174 taken prisoner (29 of these died in German camps). Many were wounded, and these figures do not include the Newfoundlanders who joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force and other units, estimated at 3,268. Others joined the Forestry Corps, and approximately 175 women served as nurses and in other capacities. Enlistment may not have been the highest among empire troops, but the colony’s war effort had been certainly been significant, particularly when the contributions of those who remained at home are in included. The cost of pensions, rehabilitation and other services was a major charge on the public accounts, both during and after the war; and the country was hard-pressed to provide sufficient funds.
There was also the problem of what to do with the Newfoundland Railway, which the Reid Newfoundland Company announced in 1920 that it could no longer afford to operate. The eventual solution was a government takeover in 1923, which only added to its financial burdens – some $18.8 million until 1933. However, the deal was tied to the development of a second pulp and paper mill at Corner Brook, which provided some economic relief. That, and a zinc mine at Buchans (1928) in the interior, were the only indications of the economic diversification that was so badly needed. Conditions improved somewhat in the late 1920s, but this proved to be a temporary respite.
The long-term financial cost of the war, which represented about one third of the public debt, became a major factor in the colony’s fight for survival as an independent political unit, which intensified after the arrival of the Great Depression in 1929-1930. Easy borrowing during the 1920s allowed the public debt to spiral upwards, and it can certainly be argued that the politicians in charge behaved irresponsibly. But another legacy of the war was a continuation and intensification of the political fragmentation that had developed since 1914. Political warlords contested place and power, and public life became increasingly unstable. It was a situation that eventually opened the way, in the extreme financial crisis of the early 1930s, for a conservative mercantile takeover and surrender to the British government, which in 1934 suspended responsible government and established a species of direct rule through a Commission of Government. In this sense, there is a direct line between the Great War and Newfoundland’s loss of independence and dominion status. Some might argue that joining Canada, which happened in 1949, was the inevitable result.
James K. Hiller, Memorial University of Newfoundland
Mike O’Brien, Memorial University of Newfoundland
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Dominion of Newfoundland
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https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38610
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UK possession in North America between 1907 and 1949
Newfoundland
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https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Newfoundland_2-dollar_coin
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en
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Newfoundland 2
|
[
"https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Canada_Newfoundland_Victoria_gold_2_Dollars_1870.jpg/640px-Canada_Newfoundland_Victoria_gold_2_Dollars_1870.jpg&w=640&q=50",
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The Newfoundland 2-dollar coin was issued in intermittent years between 1865 and 1888. It was the only circulation gold coin issued by a British colony. Although few coins were issued, it was broadly used in Newfoundland and eastern Canada. The coin became scarce in 1894 because of hoarding following the collapse of Newfoundland's banks and monetary system.
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Wikiwand
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https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Newfoundland_2-dollar_coin
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The Newfoundland 2-dollar coin was issued in intermittent years between 1865 and 1888. It was the only circulation gold coin issued by a British colony. Although few coins were issued, it was broadly used in Newfoundland and eastern Canada. The coin became scarce in 1894 because of hoarding following the collapse of Newfoundland's banks and monetary system.
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http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/nfldhistory/NewfoundlandandCanada-Tenthprovince-TimeMagazine.htm
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en
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Newfoundland and Canada
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[
"http://www.watchwise.net/cgi-watchwise/monitor.cgi?http://www2.marianopolis.edu/quebechistory/:civindex",
"http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/nfldhistory/images/Coat%20of%20Arms.jpg",
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[For the source of this document, see the end of the text.]
Source: " Tenth Province ", Time (Canadian edition), August 2, 1948 , pp. 13-14.
Return to Canadian Views of Newfoundland's Entrance into Confederation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coins_of_the_Newfoundland_dollar
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Coins of the Newfoundland dollar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
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https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
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/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coins_of_the_Newfoundland_dollar
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See also: Newfoundland dollar
Newfoundland, as a separate British colony, produced its own decimal currency between 1865 and 1947. The Coins of Newfoundland are of historical importance as Newfoundland was a British colony until 1907, and a Dominion until 1949, when Newfoundland and Labrador became the tenth province of Canada.
Traders' tokens
[edit]
Rutherford brothers
[edit]
The first Newfoundland traders' tokens were Halfpenny tokens issued by brothers Robert & I.S. Rutherford in St John's in 1840–41.[1] There are two varieties of the tokens – a dated type and an undated type.
In 1846, after a fire destroyed the St. John's store, two additional Rutherford Brothers (George and Andrew) opened a new store in Harbour Grace and issued a second set of tokens, inscribed RUTHERFORD BROS.[1] These pieces were minted by Ralph Heaton & Sons of Birmingham, England (commonly known as Heaton's Mint).[1] These pieces are unique in one respect – they have the 'RH' mintmark above the date.
The Peter M'Auslane farthing
[edit]
Another early Newfoundland traders' token was issued in the 1840s by Peter M'Auslane, a general merchant in St John's.[2] Following the same 1846 St. John's fire which destroyed his business, he left Newfoundland and settled in Upper Canada (now Ontario).
The obverse of this very rare piece is inscribed 'PETER M'AUSLANE St. JOHNS NEWFOUNDLAND', and the reverse is inscribed 'SELLS ALL SORTS OF SHOP & STORE GOODS'.
Anonymous issues
[edit]
These pieces do not bear either an issuer's name or a place name. There were two issues of these pieces: a Halfpenny dated 1858 and a Halfpenny dated 1860.[2]
The 1858 Halfpenny token, which is very rare, has a ship on the obverse similar to the Ship Halfpenny tokens from Prince Edward Island. The date 1858 alone appears across the centre of the reverse.
The 1860 Halfpenny token, which is scarce has the date 1860 in the centre of the obverse inside a circle. The inscription FISHERY RIGHTS FOR NEWFOUNDLAND is enclosed outside the inner circle. The reverse of this piece is inscribed RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT going around the outside and AND FREE TRADE is in the centre of the reverse. This piece makes a political statement on promoting the fishing industry and asserting a claim to responsible government.
Newfoundland dollar coinage (1865–1947)
[edit]
In 1865, Newfoundland changed over to decimal currency following the footsteps of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Pattern coins were issued in 1864, as were specimen cents.
Newfoundland was the only British North American colony to have its own gold coin (though the Ottawa mint also produced gold sovereigns). Originally, a gold dollar was considered, but it was decided it might be lost by the fishermen due to its small size. Thus, a two-dollar denomination was chosen for the gold coin.[3] Three (equivalent) denominations were indicated on the coin, as it was denominated as $2, 200 cents, and 100 pence (equivalent value in sterling).
One thing that differentiates the later versions of the dollar coins is that they feature the crowned Percy Metcalfe effigy of King George VI. Usually, this portrait is used for Crown colonies such as Hong Kong, Malaya, or India, whereas for normal Canadian coins, an uncrowned effigy of the King by Thomas Humphrey Paget is used.
Complete type set of Newfoundland dollar coinage
[edit]
Coins of the Newfoundland dollar Monarch Value Obverse/Reverse Issue date[nb 1] Design Victoria 001 1865, 1872(H)
1873, 1876(H)
1880, 1885
1888, 1890
1894, 1896 Horace Morehen (des)
Thomas Minton (eng)[7] 005 1865, 1870
1872(H), 1873[nb 2]
1876(H), 1880–81
1882(H), 1885
1888, 1890
1894, 1896 Leonard Charles Wyon[8] 010 1865, 1870
1872(H), 1873
1876(H), 1880
1882(H), 1885
1888, 1890
1894, 1896 Leonard Charles Wyon[9][nb 3] 020 1865, 1870
1872(H), 1873
1876(H), 1880–81
1882(H), 1885
1888, 1890
1894, 1896
1899, 1900 Leonard Charles Wyon[10]
and Horace Morehen[11] 050 1870, 1872(H)
1873–74, 1876(H)
1880–81, 1882(H)
1885, 1888
1894, 1896
1898–1900 Leonard Charles Wyon[12] 200 1865, 1870
1872, 1880–81[nb 4]
1882(H), 1885
1888 Leonard Charles Wyon[14] Edward VII 001 1904(H)
1907
1909 George William de Saulles (obv)
Horace Morehen (rev) 005 1903
1904(H)
1908 George William de Saulles[16] 010 1903
1904(H) George William de Saulles[17] 020 1904(H) George William de Saulles (obv)[18]
W.H.J. Blakemore(rev) 050 1904(H)
1907–09 George William de Saulles (obv)[20]
W.H.J. Blakemore (rev) George V 001 1913
1917(C)
1919–20(C)
1929
1936 Edgar Bertram MacKennal (obv)
Horace Morehen (rev) 005 1912
1917(C)
1919(C)
1929 Edgar Bertram MacKennal (obv)
George William de Saulles (rev) 010 1912
1917(C)
1919(C) Edgar Bertram MacKennal (obv)
George William de Saulles (rev) 020 1912 Edgar Bertram MacKennal (obv)
W.H.J. Blakemore (rev) 025 1917(C)
1919(C) Edgar Bertram MacKennal (obv)
W.H.J. Blakemore (rev) 050 1911
1917–19(C) Edgar Bertram MacKennal (obv)
W.H.J. Blakemore (rev) George VI 001 1938, 1940
1941(C), 1942
1943–44(C)
1947(C) Percy Metcalfe (obv)
Walter J. Newman (rev) 005 1938, 1940–43(C)
1944–47(C)[nb 5] Percy Metcalfe (obv)
George William de Saulles (rev) 010 1938, 1940
1941–44(C)
1945–47(C)[nb 6][nb 7] Percy Metcalfe (obv)
George William de Saulles (rev)
References
[edit]
British Empire portal
Canada portal
Money portal
Numismatics portal
Notes
[edit]
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The military connection to Canada’s currency
|
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2022-04-20T14:23:46+00:00
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There was a time in Canadian history when soldiers were paid with playing cards.In the 17th century, the French government sent silver coins to its colony in Quebec, intending them to become common currency.
|
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Legion Magazine
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https://legionmagazine.com/the-military-connection-to-canadas-currency/
|
There was a time in Canadian history when soldiers were paid with playing cards.
In the 17th century, the French government sent silver coins to its colony in Quebec, intending them to become common currency.
But those being dangerous times, civil servants and merchants tended to hoard them.
By 1685, there was a serious coin shortage. Worse, the military payroll from France was delayed. Something had to be done—it’s never a good idea to annoy men armed with muskets and swords.
He solved the problem by issuing promissory notes to soldiers on the back of playing cards that could be redeemed several months later.
“I have found myself this year in great straits with regard to the subsistence of the soldiers,” New France Intendant Jacques de Meulles wrote to the French government. “You did not provide for funds, my Lord, until January last. I have, notwithstanding, kept them in provisions until September, which makes eight full months.”
He had used up his own funds and had run out of friends from whom he could borrow.
He solved the problem by issuing promissory notes to soldiers on the back of playing cards. The cards could be redeemed several months later when a new supply of coins arrived from France.
It was the first government-issued paper money in the western world, according to economist Michael Sproul, author of A Quick History of Paper Money.
As history marched on, British colonies in North America managed their own currency, which made trade among them rather complicated.
The British wanted the colonies to use the pence, shillings and pounds sterling of their currency system.
“A similarity of coinage produces reciprocal habits and feelings, and is a new chain and attachment in the intercourse of two nations,” said in a debate in Lower Canada’s House of Assembly in 1830.
But most pre-Confederation colonies and provinces leaned toward the dollar, the currency system used by their biggest trading partner, the United States.
In 1851, the Province of Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia worked out an agreement to use decimal currency. The Canadian legislature subsequently passed an act requiring provincial accounts be kept in dollars and cents, says A History of the Canadian Dollar by the Bank of Canada.
In those days, legislation had to be given the final stamp of approval in Britain, which delayed confirmation on a technicality.
A compromise was struck—the Currency Act of 1853 recognized pence, shillings and pounds as well as dollars and cents as units of Canadian currency.
That all changed after Confederation, when the new Dominion assumed jurisdiction over currency and banking and established uniform currency measured in dollars, cents and mills (a thousandth of a dollar) and established exchange rates for British pounds and American dollars.
The last green $1 bill rolled off the press at the Canadian Bank Note Company on April 20, 1989. It was replaced by a dollar coin, dubbed the loonie, a double entendre reflecting both the loon on its front and opinion of citizenry of the day who thought replacing the bill was a loony idea.
The $2 bill was retired in 1996 and replaced with a coin featuring a polar bear. This is popularly known as the toonie. Is it a combination of the words two and loonie, or was it a reference to Looney Tunes, the animated cartoon series, and a reflection of the continuing opinion of the Canadian public about the need to eliminate small-denomination paper currency?
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https://canadacurrency.com/chartered-bank-notes/saint-johns/value-of-old-banknotes-from-the-union-bank-of-newfoundland-in-saint-johns-canada/
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en
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The Union Bank of Newfoundland in Saint Johns Banknote Values
|
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2013-09-12T16:02:26+00:00
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Our guide has value and price information for all bank notes printed by The Union Bank of Newfoundland in Saint Johns. Contact us for a free appraisal of your old money. We are also buyers.
|
en
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Canadian Currency |
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https://canadacurrency.com/chartered-bank-notes/saint-johns/value-of-old-banknotes-from-the-union-bank-of-newfoundland-in-saint-johns-canada/
|
Old Money from The Union Bank of Newfoundland in Saint Johns
The Union Bank of Newfoundland existed from 1854 until 1894. The bank was poorly managed. However, it was the closure of the Commercial Bank of Newfoundland and the bank run associated with it that ultimately caused The Union Bank to fail. The government of Newfoundland stepped in and started to redeem bank notes at a rate of 80 cents on the dollar. It appears that some people weren’t happy with that rate because some high grade notes exist today and they are certainly worth far more than 80% of the face value. Our guide below has much more information about paper money from The Union Bank of Newfoundland.
Sailing Ship Notes from 1854 & 1855:
These early bank notes are denominated as one pound, two pounds, five pounds, and ten pounds. There is no mention of dollars on these bank notes. Perkins, Bacon and Co. London handled the printing responsibilities for The Union Bank of Newfoundland. Dates include May 18 1854 and 1st March 1855. Jno. W. Smith, Rob’t Prowse, Ewen Stable, and Lawce O’Brein could have signed these bank notes. One pound notes are rare. All higher denominations are even rarer. We are showing a proof/specimen note below. These are usually available for around $1,000. Issued bank notes (with signatures and a serial number) would be worth much more money.
Queen Victoria Notes from 1865 – 1883:
The American Bank Note Co New York printed one, five, and ten pound bank notes for The Union Bank of Newfoundland. The date range is from 1865 to 1883. Some recorded dates include May 1 1865, 2 Oct 1865, 4 Oct 1865, 1st March 1867, 3 Oct 1875, 3 Apr 1876, 1st Septr 1877, 1st May 1880, 1 Oct 1881, and 1st August 1883. There are slight variations across different denominations from different years. All notes include an engraved portrait of a young Queen Victoria. Prices range from about $500 to several thousand dollars. Please contact us for details.
Bank Notes from 1882 & 1889:
Currency from 1882 and 1889 is grouped together because all of it was printed by The American Bank Note Co. New York; all notes were signed by C.S. Pinsent and James Goldie. Two dollar bills are the only bank notes dated as 1st May 1882 and they each have a portrait of John W Smith. Five, ten, twenty, and fifty dollar bills are dated as May 1st 1889. Generally speaking, as the denomination gets higher, so does the value. These notes are by far the most popular with collectors of any currency issued by The Union Bank of Newfoundland. The colors and interesting engravings are a nice break from ships, seals, and codfish. High grade examples of $2, $10, and $20 bills are out there. We would love the chance to purchase any 1882 or 1889 bank notes. Please offer if you have something for sale.
GOT SOMETHING TO SELL?
We buy all types of Canadian currency. We are especially interested in bank notes from The Union Bank of Newfoundland in Saint Johns. You might be surprised at how much money we can offer for some currency. We frequently pay thousands of dollars for nice examples. Send us an email with pictures of the front and back of your bank note and we will respond quickly with our offer.
[email protected]
Sample Bank Note Image:
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Global Financial Data
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We are a Global Data provider: For over 25 years Global Financial Data has been providing alternative historical economic and financial data.
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Both the French and British set up colonies in Canada, but in by 1763, the British had gained control over all of New France. Upper and Lower Canada (Ontario and Quebec) were united as the Province of Canada on February 5, 1841, and the Dominion of Canada was established on July 1, 1867.
The French Colonial Franc (XFCL) and British Pound Sterling (GBP) were used in Canada during colonial times. The French Colonial Livre traded at a 20% premium from July 18, 1654 until October 7, 1661, at a 33.3% premium until March 2, 1662, and a 50% premium thereafter. The New France government often issued playing cards as money. The first French coins were minted in Canada in 1670 and continued to be issued until 1760. Nevertheless, French, English, Dutch, Spanish and US coins circulated through the nineteenth century. Private token, minted in Britain were used in Canada until 1858. Nova Scotia (1823), New Brunswick (1843), Prince Edward Island (1871) and Newfoundland (1840) issued coins and tokens of their own. The first coins issued for Canada were minted in 1858, although technically this was a provincial issue for Canada (Ontario and Quebec). The first coins issued for the Dominion of Canada were struck in 1870 and were similar to US coins.
Canada adopted the Dollar as its currency on January 1, 1858 setting the Canadian Dollar, divisible into 100 Cents, and equal to the United States Dollar. Canada allowed private banks it issue banknotes until 1935 when the Bank of Canada gained a monopoly over the right to issue banknotes. Until 1912, the Dominion of Canada issued all banknotes under $5 and private banks issued all banknotes of $5 or more, leading to the issue of $4 notes. Many of the banknotes issued by chartered banks prior to 1935 are still redeemable. Canada left the Gold Standard on October 19, 1931.
See separate histories for Newfoundland and St. Pierre et Miquelon.
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Colonial Report from the Dominion of Canada #1
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The first Colonial Report looks at the Golden Age of American Television through a personal history of vintage dramatic TV and a review of the Criterion Collection’s DVD set of live TV drama.…
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Colonial Report from the Dominion of Canada (above the 49th Parallel):
The Golden Age of American Television – a personal history of vintage dramatic TV and a review of the Criterion Collection’s DVD set of live TV drama
I was first introduced to vintage American and British programming by virtue of the fact that my hometown of Winnipeg was so remotely situated in the Canadian Midwest that there was no cable television during the 60s. Eventually, one side of the mighty Red River got cable, but I not only lived on the wrong side of the river, but the wrong side of the tracks in the Eastern European enclave of Winnipeg’s North End.
Via rabbit-eared antennae, our Dominion’s national public network, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), was responsible for domestic product that was mostly dreadful or, at best, watchable as kitsch. Especially pathetic were game shows where grand prizes often amounted to pen and pencil sets, or Hymn Sing with its array of spiritual music, or Don Messer’s Jubilee, a variety show devoted to East Coast fiddling and trilling Irish tenors. Happily, CBC programmed some American shows as Wonderful World of Disney and, thank Christ, The Beverley Hillbillies.
The real magic was CBC’s acquisition of British programming. Before the Dominion of Canada had its own formal constitution, it was overseen by England through the British North America Act. In fact, during childhood, each school day ended (as did most public events) by singing ‘God Save The Queen’. (The Dominion, is frankly, still subservient to the monarchy, but slowly and unhappily, British traditions in Canada are now so much dust in the wind.)
Prior to the 80s, British programming on Canadian television was especially memorable, with substantial helpings of Sir Francis Drake, Til Death Us Do Part (eventually remade in America by Norman Lear as All in the Family), Danger Man (with pre-Prisoner Patrick McGoohan), the Danger Man spin-off Man in a Suitcase, all the various Gerry Anderson sci-fi puppet extravaganzas, the cooler-than-cool Roger Moore in The Saint and my favourite of all, The Adventures of Robin Hood, starring the inimitable Richard Greene and sporting a catchy theme song (parodied on Monty Python’s Flying Circus in the Dennis Moore sketch). In later years, I discovered Robin Hood had been shot entirely in 35mm with scripts written by blacklisted American writers like Waldo Salt and Ring Lardner Jr. For a brief period in the 70s and early 80s we were even treated to a portion of that magnificent explosion of British sitcoms that included Some Mothers Do ‘Ave ‘Em, Man about the House, Up Pompeii, On the Buses and Steptoe and Son. A key thing to note here is that while many of the programmes were contemporary, just as many of them were vintage productions made years earlier, but we assumed they were all new shows.
Amusingly enough, the Dominion of Canada was always protectionist about shielding Canadians from American culture and instead exposed us to British programming on domestic TV. The Dominion of Canada deemed anything remotely British as ‘Canadian Content’. This went a long way in suggesting to Bohunk immigrants and the born-in-Canada Bohunk progeny of said Bohunks that this is what it means to be Canadian.
Having to always deal with the demands of Lower Canada (Quebec) and smatterings of voyageur ancestors dotted across the Dominion, Canada needed to institute an all-French-language broadcast service – thus yielding a beast known as French CBC. It was pretty useless to Winnipeggers as nobody other than the French people who lived on the other side of the Red River in the voyageur enclave of St Boniface actually spoke French. However, the one great thing about French CBC was that it played French movies. Many of these pictures offered glimpses of nudity, which, of course, was of utmost importance to 7-year-old boys (of all ages).
Television nirvana finally reached Winnipeg in the form of KCND, a tiny independent American TV station 100 miles south, on the other side of the 49th parallel. The Dominion of Canada had plenty of advertising revenue to spend and business-owners in Winnipeg lined up to feature their commercials in tandem with the razzle-dazzle programming of ‘Uncle Sam’. KCND was strictly bargain basement and not affiliated with any major network though to kids, tired of fiddlers from Newfoundland and joyful Canucks winning useless pen and pencil sets on stupid Canadian TV, KCND was… AMERICA!
All the station could afford to show were syndicated packages of older American TV programming from – you guessed it – the ‘Golden Age’ of television (50s-early 60s). Just as tantalising were packages of B-pictures – mostly horror movies on a great show called Chiller Thriller or endless Bowery Boys, Ma and Pa Kettle, Bomba the Jungle Boy, Charlie Chan, Mr Moto and other glorious second features. An entire generation of Canadians in Winnipeg, no less, were treated to Perry Mason, The Donna Reed Show, Leave it to Beaver, I Love Lucy, The Honeymooners, Mr Peepers, Mr Ed, The Untouchables, The Rifleman and Death Valley Days.
Many continuing American dramatic series (including sitcoms) had an anthology flavour. In one episode, you could parachute anywhere in the run and know exactly who all the main characters were. What counted were the individual anthology-styled dramas. One-off guest characters fuelled the drama. Their story was the one that often counted.
It was, however, pure anthology series linked thematically that really caught my attention – every episode had a different story and different characters, occasionally introduced by their creators. (I often wonder if anthologies were closer to feature film that way and if this accounts for my distaste in TV drama that forces us to follow a story and character arcs over more than one season.) My favourites were genre pieces like Rod Serling’s ground-breaking The Twilight Zone, the nasty and often darkly humorous Alfred Hitchcock’s Suspense and the always terrifying monster-fest The Outer Limits. Many episodes of these pure anthology series were corkers of the highest order and corkers are what I value most in drama. I need to be whacked across the face with a two-by-four. I want my insides pummelled into pemmican. I want my eyes and ears to be dazzled. Most of all, I want greatness.
For me, good became and now is, simply not good enough.
I’m a junkie.
Every fix must be more intense than the last.
There was, however, something I had yet to experience.
It was live.
And it was drama.
From the late 1940s to the late 1950s, a unique form of TV drama gripped America – live dramatic broadcasts. Some were adaptations of literary classics such as Wuthering Heights, Julius Caesar and The Turn of the Screw, but the properties that captured the imaginations of the public, critics and, most notably, sponsors were the live dramas based on original material or daring adaptations of contemporary American literature.
The productions themselves were initially based in New York and rooted in the East Coast tradition of American theatre. Sponsors assisted in substantially underwriting the costs of production. Many of the regular anthology programmes bore the names of corporations keen to align themselves with the best in cultural programming. These were companies devoted to cranking out junk food bereft of nutritional value and manufacturing products that not only contributed to the destruction of the environment, but also to the acceleration of global warming. The makers of Kraft Dinner (dried egg noodles, powdered cheese and flavour-enhancing monosodium glutamate) and Cheese Whiz (glass jars full of easy-to-spread processed cheese loaded with deadly, but delicious trans-fats) delivered Kraft Television Theatre. The largest maker of tires (when you’re done with them, just burn them or toss into ditches in the countryside) endorsed drama on The Goodyear Television Playhouse. The purveyors of a product that only Superman could bend (but needed to emit billowing clouds of poison into the air to create it) conveyed first-rate drama on the US Steel Hour.
The list goes on. (It might be of some interest to note that the great Playhouse 90 was based in Hollywood and was financed not by a single sponsor, but several. This worked nicely until the national lobby group representing all the companies supplying the fuel needed for most of the gas ovens in America decided to advertise on the live broadcast of Judgment at Nuremberg. This forced the network to bleep out references to ”gas ovens” and ‘gas chambers’. Sponsor-based censorship was finally rearing its ugly head and soon, this programme became the last live dramatic anthology series.
Live TV drama offered much in the way of greatness and especially developed a way of creating drama that was unique and exciting and, which, due to its high costs, will probably never happen again. In its heyday, the live TV production team and cast had anywhere from two to six weeks (and anywhere in between) to extensively rehearse performance, blocking, lighting and camera moves, and then… on whatever night the broadcast was to happen, with frayed nerves all round, the drama was performed live – replete with all the brilliance and glitches that come from the immediacy of such performances.
One of the special features on the Criterion Collection DVD The Golden Age of Television is a John Frankenheimer interview. He notes that every director he knew personally during the period, including himself, suffered severe back problems for the rest of their lives due to the indescribable tension a director went through during a live show. Directors, in spite of the extensive rehearsal, were responsible for making decisions regarding the camera switching (almost always three cameras). Standing at the ready, the directors needed to allow for actors not hitting marks, dropping lines or even taking advantage of miraculous moments that happened when the camera was rolling and a look, a gesture and/or a shot nobody counted on was too astounding NOT to be captured.
When a live show would prove to be extremely popular, it required a complete re-mount weeks or months later (in order to preserve the purity of a live performance). Due to the substantial time differences between the East and West Coasts of America, the Western audiences were provided with a kinescope of the live production. The kinescope was created when a 16mm camera was aimed at the best monitor available and the live programme was literally filmed off a TV screen.
Thank God for kinescopes. These live broadcasts were seen once and once only. In fact, after the initial broadcast and subsequent West Coast kinescope presentation, these works of art were never seen again – at least not until the 80s when the Public Broadcasting Corporation of America (PBS) secured, re-mastered and presented kinescopes on a limited series entitled The Golden Age of Television.
This PBS series also featured introductions from American actors and interviews with many of the living participants of the original live dramas (included on Criterion’s DVD, with new material also). Criterion is making these shows available to audiences who will see these masterpieces for the first time ever.
For my money, there isn’t a loser in the bunch.
Blending radio drama with live theatre and cinematic techniques (along with those of live television itself), the productions are a perfect example of cusp-period artistic expression. As Guy Maddin explores in his continued re-imagining of that glorious cusp-period of film history – the part-talkie – we are, with these live television dramas, reminded of the fact that so many vocabularies of visual storytelling were never quite given an opportunity to last long. While one is grateful they didn’t overstay their welcome, one also wonders how many great works were NOT made in the mediums of film and television due to rapid technological advancements leaving certain approaches to storytelling behind in favour of offering something ‘new’ and ‘improved’.
In this Criterion package, one of the best examples of cusp-period technique is Bang the Drum Slowly. Adapting Mark Harris’s novel, it tells the story of Henry (Paul Newman) and Bruce (Albert Salmi), respective pitcher and catcher for the New York Mammoths baseball team. Henry is a dreamboat-star of the highest order – equally beloved by fans and players alike – and geeky Bruce is the object of derision from most of his fellow players. When Henry learns Bruce is dying from an incurable disease, he is obligated to keep it to himself (lest Bruce be dropped from the roster), thus allowing his pal to finish out the rest of his short life with dignity and on the baseball diamond.
From the beginning, scriptwriter Arnold (And the Band Played On, Tucker: The Man and His Dream) Schulman and director Daniel (A Raisin in the Sun, Fort Apache – The Bronx) Petrie had their work cut out for them. How to translate a tale that spans two baseball seasons, numerous locations (including dugout action) and a huge cast during one live hour of drama is the challenge. Ultimately, it’s handled with the kind of originality and efficiency that only this cusp-period method of visual drama could tackle.
The beginning of the drama is pure simplicity. Henry approaches the camera and speaks directly into it – introducing himself as the ‘writer’ of the story about to unfold, politely informing the audience of its scope and asking them to use their imaginations in order to run free with the drama to truly appreciate it. All of this is delivered in character and as the drama progresses; Henry is our guide through the story. While his eyes become our eyes, he still holds his own as a character of complexity. And most of all, I love the idea of a drama literally telling us to use our imaginations – a brave, bold move I wish we could see more of.
The performances are first-rate. Albert Salmi as the dying catcher finds just the right balance between good humour, earnestness, dopiness and down-home likeability – he’s Lenny from Of Mice and Men, but armed with a catcher’s glove (and playing off perfectly against Henry, who is equally Steinbeck-like, a pragmatic, yet compassionate ‘George’ figure).
It’s no surprise how impossible it is to keep one’s eyes off the smouldering Paul Newman. It’s a star-making turn but the very cusp-medium approach allows us to behold Newman deliver a stunning monologue after Bruce dies. Newman is so moving, that I dare anyone to experience this final address direct to the camera and not shed more than a few tears – not just for the gorgeously rendered words he speaks, but the sheer virtuosity of his performance.
A Wind from the South, also directed by Daniel Petrie, features an exquisite performance from Julie Harris as the spinster-ish Shevawn who contentedly runs a guesthouse in the Irish countryside, living vicariously through the lives, travels and adventures of all those who pass through her doors. When a disillusioned, American business executive makes a stopover, they both discover their mutual passion and need for love. Harris is so warm, lovely, delicate and controlled that she commands the screen for the full hour. She also handles writer James (Love among the Ruins) Costigan’s rich romanticism with exactly the sort of restraint necessary to bring it into the realm of the poetic.
A different sort of poetry is displayed in No Time for Sergeants, a strange little comedy featuring the screen debut of Andy Griffith as a naïve, dim-witted, corn-pone philosopher who gets drafted into the army with a cheery optimism that borders on a pathological refusal to acknowledge anything that is in the least way negative. Griffith, prior to this, was performing in live one-man shows that were part stand-up comedy and part semi-autobiographical performance art. To place someone with no on-camera experience in a live drama beaming to millions was especially daring, but it paid off beautifully. It made Griffith a star and he followed this up with his astounding performance in A Face in the Crowd and the long-running television sitcom The Andy Griffith Show. The screenplay adaptation by Ira (Rosemary’s Baby) Levin, allowed for the main character to walk right up to the camera and address the audience face to face. What is often looked upon as a cheat and/or lazy writing is, in fact, as visually compelling as the flashiest camera pyrotechnics.
Delbert Mann’s live television direction of Paddy Chayefsky’s Marty is also revelatory in displaying the simple power of great writing and acting. Rod Steiger plays a lonely butcher who lives with his mother. He has no prospects of ever marrying. When he meets a plain young woman in a dance hall, they hit it off and, for the first time, he might have found love.
Many live TV dramas were remade as theatrical features and the Academy Award-winning version of Marty starring Ernest Borgnine is what most people are familiar with. While that picture is not without merit, it’s this version that brings out the best of Chayefsky’s writing – so much so that the humanity and tenderness of the characters and dialogue makes us wonder why he never explored this side of himself in addition to his usually acerbic sledgehammer satires (Network, The Hospital). And, while to some, this might be blasphemy, one also wonders why the makers of the theatrical feature version didn’t do everything in their power to retain Rod Steiger in the title role.
One of the things that make this TV version work is Steiger. Sure, Borgnine is Borgnine, but in addition to his girth and everyman qualities, he also has that lasciviously tongue-wagging butt-ugly mug that’s more suited to a Peckinpah picture. Each time Borgnine comes on screen, he looks like he’s more interested in taking the lead on a train pull or gang rape. Steiger, on the other hand, with his soulful eyes, beefy jowls and hangdog expression is the epitome of Marty.
To see this sad schlub, sitting at home, waiting for the phone to ring (a brilliant reverse on the usual female version of this scene), breaks our hearts. When Steiger, on the verge of tears, holds back sobs when he talks about his need for love, he is so truthful that I was compelled to squirt geysers of tears at the telly. This production, once again, perfectly represents the power of live television drama – it’s often about the writing and the performances.
Direction, however, never takes a back seat. It’s the directors who ultimately shine in terms of using this unique cusp-medium to bring out the best in the material and their actors. The legendary John (The Manchurian Candidate, Seconds, Birdman of Alcatraz) Frankenheimer interprets JP Miller’s astonishing screenplay for Days of Wine and Roses with such mastery that seldom have we been dragged through the horrifying depths of alcoholism as we are in this production. Blending live studio action with pre-taped sequences, we bop around between Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, detox sequences and harrowing booze binges.
Cliff Robertson and Piper Laurie are riveting as the married couple who seek solace in booze – desperately trying to claw through the muck of their marriage, swinging back and forth from sobriety to drop-dead drunkenness. Watching in flashback, we see the ultra-successful ad executive who uses booze to entertain his clients to a point where booze becomes his one true love. This is astonishingly frank, even by contemporary standards. Seeing him hook his young wife to the bottle so she can share in his joys of inebriation is positively horrific.
Frankenheimer delivers a rollercoaster ride of despair using techniques that seem to be striving for cinematic, big-screen qualities – making the drama lifelike by being bigger than life. This production is, in fact, so great, one can only wonder why the mediocre Blake Edwards was entrusted with the eventual film version, which is not without its moments (notably in Jack Lemmon’s interpretation of the role handled by Robertson in the TV version), but lacks the verve of Frankenheimer’s rendering.
Frankenheimer also delivers the goods with the revelatory production entitled The Comedian. From a novella by Ernest (North by Northwest, Sweet Smell of Success) Lehman and powerfully adapted by Rod Serling, this is, without question, one of the most harrowing dramatic show business exposés ever committed to film/tape/kinescope. Again, it is the simplicity of the basic premise that creates layers of complexity for both director and cast to drag us through the muck of nastiness and corruption.
Using everything at his disposal, Frankenheimer pulls off some kind of miracle. Bouncing from location to location and including – I kid you not – montage and the horrendous visual anchor of an oversized photo of the leering monster of the title, Frankenheimer is indeed a director at the pinnacle of his power. The opening sequence is a rehearsal of a live comedy broadcast and cuts between the performance itself, the master control booth and behind-the-scenes action. Within a live TV drama, Frankenheimer actually recreates the making of a live TV extravaganza. How cool is that?
Mickey Rooney plays Sammy Hogarth, a hugely popular TV comic making the leap from a half-hour show to a full 90-minute special. Hogarth demands more than perfection – he demands worship from all his collaborators. He is, without question, one of the most grotesque, repugnant characters in 20th-century drama. Much of this is due to Rooney. His performance is truly a revelation. While I always admired his work as a child actor in the numerous Rooney-Garland musicals and his moving portrait of the wartime telegram delivery boy in The Human Comedy, nothing could have ever prepared me for his performance in this mean-spirited drama. Rooney’s hurricane-like command of every scene he’s in is so powerful that even when he’s off-screen, his influence over all the supporting characters is not only felt, but it’s as if he’s in the same room with them – poking, prodding, cajoling, haranguing and tearing strips off everyone’s back.
The people most susceptible to his nastiness are his long-time gag writer with a bad case of writer’s block (Edmond O’Brien, the revenge-bent everyman from the great noir D.O.A.) and his brother, a weak, whining simpleton – originally promised the job of producer, but reduced to Sammy’s slave and bearing the biggest brunt of the comic’s ire.
Playing Sammy’s brother is the legendary crooner Mel Torme, whose career in movies was mostly reserved for second banana roles in musicals. Torme is downright snivelling, so pathetically subservient to his older brother that we initially feel sorry for him, but his subsequent actions are so appalling that he ultimately appears as little more than a cretin. It’s a great performance and one can only wonder why we never saw more of Torme on the big screen in roles to rival this one.
Kim Hunter (Stella in Elia Kazan’s version of A Streetcar Named Desire and, lest we forget, Zira, the cute female chimp in Planet of the Apes) plays Torme’s long-suffering wife, who is fed up with how pathetic her husband is and demands he stand up to Sammy. Like everyone in this drama, though, she eventually puts herself in an utterly degrading position to get what she wants.
Oh yeah, did I mention that Edmond O’Brien’s character is so desperate to drag himself out of his writer’s block that he plagiarises the un-used work of a dead comedy writer?
Well, here’s the other revelation – this is ultimately the story of an utter monster who turns everything and everyone around him into bottom-feeding, soul-bereft plankton and yet, like so many live dramatic television broadcasts of the period, the programme sizzled in terms of audience and critical response.
It was based on a work by Ernest Lehman that bears more than a passing resemblance to the nasty feature film Sweet Smell of Success, but at least that story had Tony Curtis’s charming press agent Sidney Falco. Nobody, but nobody, has anything resembling charm in The Comedian. (Interestingly, veteran character actor Whit Bissell delivers a great performance in The Comedian as sleazy gossip columnist Otis Elwell, a character from Sweet Smell of Success.)
Within the Criterion special features, Kim Hunter unfairly suggests that Serling’s writing for men was far superior to his writing for women. Looking at the Serling pieces in this collection, I take strong exception to this. Granted, Serling was obsessed with exploring the innate warrior heart of men in a contemporary peacetime setting, and given the era these pieces were written, it makes perfect sense. The female characters offer support rather than take the lead, but the writing is rich and vibrant. And certainly, The Twilight Zone features some of the strongest female characters of that period.
Serling’s primary interest, it is true, was telling two-fisted tales of men on the battleground of life. Decidedly two-fisted was his script Requiem for a Heavyweight. Nicely directed by Ralph Nelson, Serling etched the story of boxer Mountain McLintock (Jack Palance), a former contender for Heavyweight Champion of the World who is so punch-drunk that the Boxing Commission doctor informs his manager Maish (Keenan Wynn) that he can’t allow Mountain to fight anymore. Maish is devastated. He’s secretly placed a bet against Mountain with the mob, betting his boy will fall in the third. Alas, for Maish, Mountain takes seven rounds of punishment and Maish is into the mob for thousands of dollars.
Mountain is at wit’s end; boxing has been his whole life. When he visits an employment office he pours his guts out to a sympathetic job counsellor (Kim Hunter) who sincerely believes Mountain can contribute to society working with kids in the field of athletics. Maish, however, has other plans for our hero. He decides to commit Mountain to a series of pathetic wrestling matches. It’s easy money, but hardly a dignified way for a former heavyweight contender to earn a living.
Thanks to both Serling’s brutal dialogue and Jack Palance’s visceral, moving performance, Requiem for a Heavyweight is extremely harrowing. Mountain faces a life drowning his sorrows in booze and trading exaggerated fight tales with other punch-drunk (and just plain drunk) former boxers. We’re forced into Mountain’s perspective as he peers through a beer glass into a mirror that shows how the rest of his life could be spent. It’s a story of exploitation, loyalty and finally, seeking a way out, and so doing, finding both redemption and a new future.
As dark as it is, Serling deftly wends his way to an ending replete with hope – it’s neither cheap, nor shoehorned. It’s perfectly natural, and for once, we get a story that has its cake and eats it too – dragging us through muck, but subtly pointing to a glimmer of a new life. There’s a slight ambiguity to it, but by the end, we’re grateful that Serling has not drowned the heavyweight in complete and total despair. There is, at least, a chance to clamber out of the pit, and that, ultimately, is worth its weight in gold.
Last, but surely not least, this truly great Criterion Collection of live dramas leads us to even more gold. Rod Serling’s script for Patterns might be the most savage work in the bunch. Set against the nasty backdrop of corporate roulette, we are witness to the decimation of a kindly, old-fashioned company man, Andy Sloane (Ed Begley), at the hands of Ramsey (Everett Sloane), a fierce CEO bent on tossing out the old and bringing in Fred Staples (Richard Kiley), the new, a lean up-and-comer to replace Andy.
We watch in horror as the shark-like Ramsey unrelentingly berates Andy in front of everyone. However, when fresh-faced rookie Staples realises the worth of the old man, he decides to work with him instead of against him. Not only does this raise Ramsey’s ire, but it forces him to manipulate things so old Andy looks bad while Staples shines.
When Staples moves in for the kill he rips Andy limb from limb, leading to the ultimate deathblow. Young Staples, appalled and in protest, resigns. Ramsey will have none of it. What poor old Andy refused to do was fight back, but what Ramsey wants is an executive who will fight him tooth and nail and, if necessary, slice his throat as handily as he sliced Andy’s. This, according to Ramsey, is what makes good business.
Staples considers, then agrees to stay, but only if the terms of his right to decimate Ramsey are written into his contract, including the right to fulfil old Andy’s dream to physically beat Ramsey to a pulp. Ramsey, looking like he has the biggest hard-on of his life, agrees. These are, after all, the patterns of manhood, the patterns of business – teamwork based on warfare and pure warfare for the good of the corporation.
Serling is on a soapbox, but the script never obviously betrays this fact. The dialogue crackles with authenticity and like the best of these dramas, Patterns is pure post-war American nastiness. The desperation, so common in post-war film noir, transforms into vicious warfare.
The work of artists like Serling, who had seen military action, is fraught with the sort of raw-edged, uncompromising, take-no-prisoners attitude. (A short list of such filmmakers would include Samuel Fuller, Sam Peckinpah, Frank Capra, Oliver Stone and John Ford – good company!) Having served in the Philippines during the Second World War – where death surrounded him constantly – Serling used his life experience and writing skills whenever he could to promote social consciousness (and certainly, his obsession with death was more than apparent in his brilliant anthology series The Twilight Zone).
Patterns, of course, deals with a number of issues – the most important being the shift from old-style corporate ethics and responsibilities towards workers and consumers to the bottom-line mentality of protecting the corporation’s profits and garnering the widest possible margin for the shareholders. Within these thematic concerns lies the true drama of the piece – an old man being repeatedly scavenged like so much carrion, yet with a few breaths left, he holds, so desperately with dear life, to a mere shred of his dignity. The drama of Rod Serling’s Patterns becomes so harrowing one can hardly believe such emotional truth and maturity could exist on a television screen.
Yet it does.
At least in that twilight zone called The Golden Age of American Television.
From the Dominion of Canada,
On the northernmost tip of the Bruce Peninsula,
I bid you a hearty:
‘Bon Cinema!’
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The Union Bank of Newfoundland in Saint Johns Banknote Values
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Our guide has value and price information for all bank notes printed by The Union Bank of Newfoundland in Saint Johns. Contact us for a free appraisal of your old money. We are also buyers.
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Canadian Currency |
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https://canadacurrency.com/chartered-bank-notes/saint-johns/value-of-old-banknotes-from-the-union-bank-of-newfoundland-in-saint-johns-canada/
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Old Money from The Union Bank of Newfoundland in Saint Johns
The Union Bank of Newfoundland existed from 1854 until 1894. The bank was poorly managed. However, it was the closure of the Commercial Bank of Newfoundland and the bank run associated with it that ultimately caused The Union Bank to fail. The government of Newfoundland stepped in and started to redeem bank notes at a rate of 80 cents on the dollar. It appears that some people weren’t happy with that rate because some high grade notes exist today and they are certainly worth far more than 80% of the face value. Our guide below has much more information about paper money from The Union Bank of Newfoundland.
Sailing Ship Notes from 1854 & 1855:
These early bank notes are denominated as one pound, two pounds, five pounds, and ten pounds. There is no mention of dollars on these bank notes. Perkins, Bacon and Co. London handled the printing responsibilities for The Union Bank of Newfoundland. Dates include May 18 1854 and 1st March 1855. Jno. W. Smith, Rob’t Prowse, Ewen Stable, and Lawce O’Brein could have signed these bank notes. One pound notes are rare. All higher denominations are even rarer. We are showing a proof/specimen note below. These are usually available for around $1,000. Issued bank notes (with signatures and a serial number) would be worth much more money.
Queen Victoria Notes from 1865 – 1883:
The American Bank Note Co New York printed one, five, and ten pound bank notes for The Union Bank of Newfoundland. The date range is from 1865 to 1883. Some recorded dates include May 1 1865, 2 Oct 1865, 4 Oct 1865, 1st March 1867, 3 Oct 1875, 3 Apr 1876, 1st Septr 1877, 1st May 1880, 1 Oct 1881, and 1st August 1883. There are slight variations across different denominations from different years. All notes include an engraved portrait of a young Queen Victoria. Prices range from about $500 to several thousand dollars. Please contact us for details.
Bank Notes from 1882 & 1889:
Currency from 1882 and 1889 is grouped together because all of it was printed by The American Bank Note Co. New York; all notes were signed by C.S. Pinsent and James Goldie. Two dollar bills are the only bank notes dated as 1st May 1882 and they each have a portrait of John W Smith. Five, ten, twenty, and fifty dollar bills are dated as May 1st 1889. Generally speaking, as the denomination gets higher, so does the value. These notes are by far the most popular with collectors of any currency issued by The Union Bank of Newfoundland. The colors and interesting engravings are a nice break from ships, seals, and codfish. High grade examples of $2, $10, and $20 bills are out there. We would love the chance to purchase any 1882 or 1889 bank notes. Please offer if you have something for sale.
GOT SOMETHING TO SELL?
We buy all types of Canadian currency. We are especially interested in bank notes from The Union Bank of Newfoundland in Saint Johns. You might be surprised at how much money we can offer for some currency. We frequently pay thousands of dollars for nice examples. Send us an email with pictures of the front and back of your bank note and we will respond quickly with our offer.
[email protected]
Sample Bank Note Image:
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Coins and Tokens
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Coins are issued by governments for use as money. A quantity of coins issued at one time, or a series of coins issued under one authority, is called a coinage....
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First Coins in Canada
The earliest coins in use in what is now Canada were those carried by the first colonists and visitors to our shores. French coins predominated along the St. Lawrence and in other areas under French control (see New France). English coins were most common in their territories, and a mix of coins from Portugal and elsewhere dominated along the coast, particularly in Newfoundland, where various nationalities came to fish (see Fisheries History).
French Coins
The first coins struck for use anywhere in Canada were the famous “GLORIAM REGNI” silver coins of 1670, struck in Paris for use in all French colonies in the Americas. Few specimens have been found in Canada; the piece of 15 sols is especially rare. In 1672, the value of these coins was raised by one-third in a vain attempt to keep them in local circulation. None was in use after 1680.
In 1717, there was an attempt to produce a copper coinage for the French colonies, but few were struck because of the poor quality of the available copper. In 1721 and 1722, an issue of copper coins of 9 deniers was struck for all French colonies and a large shipment was sent to Canada. There was considerable resistance to their circulation and, in 1726, most of the coins, which had lain unissued in the treasury at Quebec City, were returned to France.
These coinages were inadequate for Canada’s needs and French coins were shipped out annually. The French ship Le Chameau carried treasure intended to supply the colonial governments in Quebec and Louisbourg, but it was lost in a hurricane off Cape Breton Island in 1725. The authorities at Quebec also issued various kinds of paper money (see Playing-Card Money), eventually far too much of it, and at times had to permit the use of large, silver Hispano-American 8 real pieces, called Spanish dollars, and their subdivisions.
British Coins
For the first 50 years after the Conquest (1760), the British did almost nothing to provide coin, other than sending an occasional shipment of badly worn copper withdrawn from circulation in Britain. Gold coins consisted of British guineas and, later, sovereigns, some American eagles, French louis d’or, Spanish doubloons (and fractions thereof), and small quantities of Portuguese gold.
Silver coins comprised mostly Spanish coins struck in Mexico and South America, some old French silver circulating in Lower Canada, and a sprinkling of English silver elsewhere. American silver appeared after 1815. Copper coins consisted of an insufficient and dwindling supply of battered, worn-out English and Irish halfpennies dating from the reign of George III, supplemented by locally issued and imported tokens and by small numbers of American cents and various foreign coins. Anything the size of a halfpenny would pass for one in Montreal between 1820 and 1837.
Prince Edward Island
During this period in PEI, various tokens were also in use. Large numbers of lightweight halfpenny tokens circulated from about 1830 till well after 1860. The most numerous were the SHIPS COLONIES & COMMERCE halfpennies and tokens inscribed “SUCCESS TO THE FISHERIES” or “SELF GOVERNMENT AND FREE TRADE.”
Newfoundland and Labrador
The earliest private tokens in Newfoundland and Labrador date from the 1840s and include the issues of Peter McAusland and the Rutherford Brothers, who operated stores in St. John’s and Harbour Grace. In later years, large numbers of SHIPS COLONIES & COMMERCE tokens were imported from Prince Edward Island. Following several attempts by the local government to ban the importation of tokens in the 1850s, additional local issues were circulated. These issues were anonymous and included a piece dated 1858 picturing a ship, and another dated 1860 that reads “SUCCESS TO THE FISHERIES.”
With the adoption of the decimal system in 1863, the value of private tokens was reduced and a decimal coinage was instituted. The coinage consisted of bronze cents, silver 5-, 10-, 20- and 50-cent pieces and gold $2 coins. The lowest denominations were issued variously between 1865 and 1947. The 20-cent pieces were issued from 1865 to 1912. In 1917, and again in 1919, a 25-cent piece was issued. The 50 cent coins were issued variously between 1865 and 1919. The $2 pieces were issued from 1865 to 1888. Coins were struck at the Royal Mint in London, and on occasion at the Heaton Mint. The Mint in Ottawa struck coinage for Newfoundland and Labrador during the First World War and Second World War and again in those years immediately preceding Newfoundland and Labrador’s entry into Confederation in 1949.
Nova Scotia
In 1813, certain Halifax businessmen began importing halfpennies into Nova Scotia and, by 1816, a great variety was in circulation. The government ordered their withdrawal in 1817. Beginning in 1823, and again in 1824, 1832, 1840 and 1843, the government issued a copper coinage, without authority from England. In 1856, Nova Scotia issued one of the most beautiful of the Canadian colonial coinages, bearing an image of a mayflower, with the permission of the British government.
New Brunswick
An anonymous halfpenny appeared in Saint John about 1830. In 1843, the government issued copper pennies and halfpennies without authority from England. These were followed in 1854 with another issue, this time with the permission of the British authorities.
Lower Canada
Lower Canada (what is now Quebec) had the greatest number and variety of tokens in circulation. The Wellington tokens, a series of halfpenny and penny tokens with a bust of the duke of Wellington, appeared in about 1814. They were popular, and many varieties were issued locally after 1825. In 1825, a halfpenny of Irish design was imported; its popularity resulted in its being imitated in brass, copies of which are very plentiful. In 1832, an anonymous halfpenny of English design appeared and was extensively imitated in brass. Counterfeits of worn-out English and Irish George III coppers also circulated in large numbers. These counterfeits were called “blacksmith tokens” as they were popularly believed to have been struck by a Montreal blacksmith to pay for his drink. This period ended in 1835, when the banks refused to accept such nondescript copper, except by weight.
The Bank of Montreal circulated sous or halfpennies with a bouquet of heraldic flowers on one side and the value in French on the other. These sous were immediately popular, and the government allowed the bank to supply Lower Canada with copper; however, the sous were very soon imitated anonymously. The imitations were accepted because there was a dearth of small change with which to conduct business; but they became too numerous and, once again, the banks had to refuse them, except by weight.
To replace them, the government authorized four banks — the Bank of Montreal, the Quebec Bank, the City Bank and La Banque du Peuple — to issue copper pennies and halfpennies with the arms of Montreal on one side and a standing habitant on the other. These coins arrived in Canada just as the rebellion of 1837 began and were issued in 1838.
Upper Canada
Upper Canada (what is now Ontario) first used local tokens after 1812, when a series of lightweight halfpennies was issued in memory of Sir Isaac Brock. These were superseded after 1825 by a series of tokens with a sloop on one side and various designs (e.g., plow, keg, crossed shovels over an anvil) on the other. In 1822, a copper twopenny token was issued by Lesslie & Sons. The firm also issued halfpennies from 1824 to 1830. There were no government issues in Upper Canada.
When the two Canadas were united in 1841, the Bank of Montreal was allowed to coin copper; pennies and halfpennies appeared in 1842. Halfpennies were issued again in 1844. After 1849, the Bank of Upper Canada received the right to coin copper, and large issues of pennies and halfpennies appeared in 1850, 1852, 1854 and 1857. The Quebec Bank was allowed to issue pennies and halfpennies in 1852.
Vancouver Island, British Columbia and the Hudson’s Bay Company Territory
There was little need for coinage in the territories controlled by the Hudson’s Bay Company; the fur trade depended primarily on barter, although brass tokens (see Made Beaver) served the purpose of coinage. In colonial British Columbia, very few coins were in circulation. Small shipments of English silver and gold were sent to BC in 1861 and these coins, with American coins, were used until after Confederation.
The Decimal System
The decimal system was first adopted by the Province of Canada (the united colonies of Lower and Upper Canada) in 1858, based on a dollar equal in value to the American dollar. American silver had become very plentiful and trade with the US made it necessary to adopt a decimal system. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia followed in 1860; Newfoundland, in 1863; PEI, in 1870.
The coinage of the Province of Canada consisted of silver 5-, 10- and 20-cent pieces dated 1858 and bronze cents dated 1858 or 1859. Nova Scotia issued bronze cents and half cents in 1861 and 1864, cents alone in 1862; New Brunswick, cents in 1861 and 1864, and silver coins like the Canadian ones in 1862 and 1864; PEI issued a cent in 1871. Newfoundland’s coinage began in 1865. All of these coins became legal tender in the Dominion of Canada after the various provinces entered Confederation.
1870 to the Present: Coins
The first coins of the Dominion of Canada, issued in 1870, were silver 5-, 10-, 25- and 50-cent pieces. Bronze cents were added in 1876. All coins bore on the obverse the head of Queen Victoria. Silver coins bore the value and date in a crowned maple wreath on the reverse; the cent bore the value and date in a circle enclosed by a continuous maple vine. These coins were variously issued until 1901. In 1902, the crowned bust of Edward VII replaced the head of Queen Victoria. In 1911, the crowned bust of George V replaced that of Edward VII.
In 1937, a completely new coinage was introduced after George VI ascended the throne. For the first time, each denomination had its own pictorial reverse design. With some modifications, the same designs are on today’s coinage. All denominations bore a splendid bare head of George VI. The reverse of the cent shows two maple leaves on a common twig; the nickel, a beaver chewing a log on a rock; the dime, a schooner closely resembling the famous Bluenose; the quarter, the head of a caribou; the 50-cent piece, the Canadian coat of arms; the dollar, a voyageur and Indigenous person in a canoe, with a wooded islet in the background.
In 1953, a bust of a young Elizabeth II wearing a laurel wreath replaced the head of George VI. This was the first of four portraits of the Queen to be used to date. In 1965, a draped, mature bust of the queen wearing a tiara was introduced, and in 1990 this was replaced by the crowned effigy, designed by Dora de Pédery-Hunt. In 2003, the Royal Canadian Mint introduced a fourth effigy, by artist Susanna Blunt, depicting the Queen with a bare head.
In the summer of 1967, the silver content of the dime and quarter were reduced from 80 per cent to 50 per cent and production of 50-cent pieces and dollars for general circulation was stopped. In 1968, the regular designs were resumed, the dime and quarter being in 50 per cent silver. In August 1968, nickel replaced silver entirely for general circulation and a reduced 50-cent piece and dollar were coined in nickel.
In 1987, a dollar coin was introduced to replace the dollar bill, which was discontinued in 1989. The new coin was 11-sided and struck in aureate bronze-plated nickel. It was nicknamed the loonie because of the loon illustrated on the reverse (see Canadian Dollar). On 19 February 1996, the $2 coin was introduced into circulation. Called a “toonie,” it is a bi-metallic coin in nickel and aluminum bronze featuring a polar bear designed by Brent Townsend. At the same time, the Bank of Canada stopped issuing the $2 bill.
In 2000, the Bank of Canada stopped issuing the $1,000 note and the Mint began circulating nickel-plated 5-cent pieces in an effort to curtail minting costs. It was determined that dropping the penny would save the country $11 million a year, and on 4 February 2013, the Royal Canadian Mint ceased distribution of the coin to banks and other financial institution (see also A Penny Dropped: Abolishing the Cent?).
1870 to the Present: Tokens
The colonial tokens of the pre-Confederation period quickly disappeared from circulation after 1870 as their use was curtailed by legislation and their place was taken by ever-increasing quantities of the new Canadian coinage. From about 1890 to the period between the First and Second World Wars, local merchants across Canada issued large quantities of variously shaped trade tokens that were exchangeable for a variety of goods and services, such as a loaf of bread, a pint of milk, a shave or a ride on the electric railway. Their use declined with postwar improvements in transportation and technology.
Commemorative Coins
In 1935, the silver dollar was first coined to commemorate the silver jubilee of the reign of George V. This dollar inaugurated a very popular series of Canadian coins. Except for the war years 1939 to 1944, silver dollars were coined every year until 1967.
Special commemorative dollars were struck in 1939 for the royal visit to Canada; in 1949, for the entry of Newfoundland into Confederation; in 1958, for the centenary of the creation of the Crown Colony of British Columbia; in 1964, for the centenary of the Charlottetown Conference and the Quebec Conference; and, in 1967, for the centenary of Confederation.
In 1967, a special coinage, commemorating the centenary of Confederation, was issued. Each coin bore the bust of the Queen on the obverse. The cent featured a dove in flight; the 5-cent piece, a hare; the 10-cent piece, a mackerel; the 25-cent piece, a bobcat; the 50-cent piece, a howling wolf; and the dollar, a Canada goose in flight. The motifs were created by artist Alexander Colville.
In 1971, commemorative dollars were struck in 50 per cent silver and sold in individual cases. Issued each year since, they commemorate special events. Special sets of sterling silver $5 and $10 pieces were struck from 1973 to 1976 to commemorate the 1976 Olympic Games, held in Montreal. The gold $100 piece, struck in 1976 for the same event, is the first of a beautiful series of gold coins struck annually for sale to collectors. From 1985 to 1987, a series of 10 sterling silver $20 pieces was struck to commemorate the 1988 Winter Olympic Games held in Calgary.
Through the 1990s and into the 21st century, the Mint has continued to strike a variety of non-circulating commemorative coins. Their products have included a silver 3-cent piece to commemorate Canada’s first postage stamp; silver 10-cent pieces commemorating the 500th anniversary of John Cabot’s voyage and Alphonse Desjardins, the founder of the caisse populaire; silver 50-cent pieces highlighting Canada’s flora, fauna and Canadian sport; $15 coins featuring the 12 signs of the Chinese lunar calendar and $20 coins honouring pioneers of aviation. Special sets have also been issued to commemorate the 90th anniversary of the opening of the Mint in 1908, the striking of Canada’s first silver dollar in 1911 and the issue of Canada’s gold $5 and $10 coins in 1912.
Many of these coins have served as proving grounds for innovations in minting technology. New features on coins have included gold cameos, colourized parts of the design and holograms.
Canadian Rarities
The rarest Canadian decimal coins are the 50-cent piece of 1921, the 5-cent piece of 1921, the dotted 1936 cent and 10-cent pieces, the 10-cent piece of 1889, the 50-cent piece of 1890 and the 10-cent piece of 1893, with a round-topped numeral 3. Most of the strikings of 1921 were never issued. After remaining in the vaults of the Mint for some time, they were melted down.
The dotted 1936 coinage was intended to be an extra issued from the 1936 dies to supply Canada’s needs, pending the arrival of the 1937 dies. A hole punched into the bottom of the reverse dies produced the dot. Very few specimens are known. The other coins mentioned are rare because the coinages of those years were very small.
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1941-08-20T00:00:00
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en
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/static/apple-touch/commons.png
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This work is free and may be used by anyone for any purpose. If you wish to use this content, you do not need to request permission as long as you follow any licensing requirements mentioned on this page.
The Wikimedia Foundation has received an e-mail confirming that the copyright holder has approved publication under the terms mentioned on this page. This correspondence has been reviewed by a Volunteer Response Team (VRT) member and stored in our permission archive. The correspondence is available to trusted volunteers as ticket #2015012110018886.
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9201
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https://cdncoin.com/en-us/collections/canadian-paper-money
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en
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Canadian Paper Money
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http://cdncoin.com/cdn/shop/files/NUM00004910.jpg?v=1723131609
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http://cdncoin.com/cdn/shop/files/NUM00004910.jpg?v=1723131609
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If you are an avid collector of old bills, banknotes and other assorted Canadian paper money, our selection is second to none.
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Canadian Coin & Currency
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https://cdncoin.com/en-us/collections/canadian-paper-money
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Spend $250.00 more and get free shipping!
Your cart is empty
Shop our products
Monday - Wednesday: 9:30AM - 5:00PM
Thursday & Friday: 9:30AM - 6:00PM
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Sunday: Closed
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9201
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dbpedia
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https://www.whalehouse.ca/blog/was-newfoundland-its-own-country/
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en
|
Was Newfoundland it’s own Country?
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2019-02-13T08:28:33
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Most people don't realize Newfoundland used to essentially be its own country. It was what's known as a dominion which basically functioned the sa ...
|
en
|
https://www.whalehouse.ca/blog/was-newfoundland-its-own-country/
|
Years later, we still get asked this question all the time. The answer is actually more complicated than you think. The history of Newfoundland is pretty rich, and as far as Canadian provinces go, it’s the most unique.
Is it called “Newfoundland” or “Newfoundland and Labrador”?
Newfoundland is officially known as “Newfoundland and Labrador” although most people refer to it as just plain Newfoundland (don’t say this to anyone from Labrador). If you’re watching a government ad or visiting the department of fisheries and oceans website to find out the Newfoundland recreational cod fishing dates your see the province officially referred to as Newfoundland and Labrador.
The island portion of the province is what’s technically called Newfoundland and the part that’s attached to mainland Canada is what people call Labrador. Although right now Newfoundland is part of Canada, it wasn’t always like this. Newfoundland and Labrador is the newest Canadian province and the last one to join the confederation of Canada.
Handy Dandy Links: Becoming a Province (Heritage NL)
Newfoundland used to its own country (technically referred to as a Dominion)
Most people don’t realize Newfoundland used to essentially be its own country. It was what’s known as a Dominion which basically functioned the same way as an independent country up until 1934 when a British appointed commission started to rule it.
It wasn’t until March 31, 1949, when after one of the closest votes in Canadian politics, Newfoundland and Labrador officially joined Canada. The vote was very close, with only 52 percent of the people supporting joining Canada. Many wanted to stay independent, and still to this day, it’s a hot topic of discussion among locals. What if Newfoundland had remained independent? Would they have been able to control their fishery better? Did Newfoundlanders give up their freedoms and rights? Newfoundland and Labrador has a strong nationalist history. Today you can still find people that want to separate from Canada but the overwhelming majority embraces being Canadian.
Although quite controversial, this joining of peoples is not without it’s conspiracy theories. But that’s another post for another day.
What Would Have Happened if Newfoundland Didn’t Join Confederation?
So what would life be like in Newfoundland if the vote to join Canada had gone the other way? While nobody knows for sure, the history of Iceland may hold some clues. A few years before Newfoundland officially joined Canada, Iceland held a referendum to separate from Denmark.
This time the vote that took place on May 24, 1944, went the other way and just a few weeks later, on June 17, 1944, Iceland became its own country. Most Icelanders consider this to be a big win for the resource-rich country. It was a game changer for Iceland, which, like Newfoundland, has one of the richest fishing grounds on the planet.
When Newfoundland joined confederation, they essentially lost control of their own fishery. The reverse, however, happened in Iceland when they separated from Denmark. When Iceland became its own country, they became free to manage their fishery as they pleased. Some Newfoundlanders argue the decline in the Newfoundland fishery, particularly with cod and off-shore fishing, started as soon as Newfoundland joined Canada, when the power over the fishery shifted from the dominion of Newfoundland to the Canadian government and federal ministers in Ottawa.
The fishery stopped being managed by the locals who knew and understood it and decisions started to be made by people who knew little about the Newfoundland fishery. The lack of local control was one of the driving factors behind Iceland separating from Denmark around the same time Newfoundland became part of Canada, and the contrast between these two Atlantic fishing nations is worth exploring.
Iceland Fishery Compared to Newfoundland Fishery
So what does Iceland’s fishery look like today? Iceland has one of the largest fisheries in the world. They’re famous for producing some of the best fish in the world and fetch top dollar for their product.
When Canada took over the Newfoundland fishery it started to focus on bulk export of “cod-blocks”, essentially low-quality commercial frozen bricks of fish to be sold at low prices to manufactures of fish sticks and commercial feed. Alternatively, in Iceland, a move was made to only export high-quality whole fish to international markets that demand the best of the best.
While Canada kept the economic development strategies in Newfoundland focused on fishing and general resource extraction, Iceland switched gears, focusing on the diversification of their economy. Now, Iceland has a healthy well-managed fishery, but that’s no longer their main revenue producer. In Iceland today, tourism along with alternative energy such as hydro and geothermal power share the stage. Iceland’s exports near 7 billion yearly and their country ranks high on the OECD better life index.
Does Newfoundland Want to Separate from Canada?
Most residents of Newfoundland and Labrador are proud Canadians. The province is fully part of Canada with all the rights, privilege, and responsibilities of any Canadian province. For many, looking back at the collapse of the Newfoundland Cod fishery in 1992 when Newfoundland’s North Atlantic cod biomass dangerously dipped to just 1% of pre-confederation levels, they can’t help but wonder what things would have been like if Newfoundland had been able to retain control over their fishery.
That day on July 2, 1992, when the Federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans Minister John Crosbie announced a moratorium on Newfoundland cod fishing due to the mismanagement of the resource, it changed everything.
The North Atlantic Cod Moratorium is still etched in the minds of Newfoundlanders who lost their livelihood and those who make their living on the ocean now. The decision, which arguably had to happen due to 50 years of poor fisheries management on the part of the Canadian federal government, shaped the lives of coastal communities throughout this special Atlantic Canadian province.
When Was the First Ferry to Newfoundland?
Ferries to Newfoundland have been operating for over one hundred years. The current company, Marine Atlantic, just celebrated over 120 years of service. June 30, 1898 was when the first ferry officially crossed between Port Aux Basques and North Sydney. It wasn’t Marine Atlantic, however, that operated this vessel. It was owned by the Reid Newfoundland Railway Company.
Today if you’re wondering how to take the ferry to Newfoundland you will be pleased to hear there are several ferries operating multiple sailings daily complete with vehicle decks, movie theatres, restaurant, and sleeping quarters.
In 2024 the new newfoundland ferry named the Ala’suinu complete with updated comforts, lower ecological impacts, and smarter layouts, and even onboard marine biologists and wildlife interpreters willing to chat with anyone on the nature and wildlife viewing deck, making you feel like you’re on a cruise instead of a passenger ferry.
What Is the Economy Like in Newfoundland Like Today?
Today Newfoundland’s economy is more balanced. Over 500,000 tourists visit Newfoundland and Labrador each year and the tourism industry is thriving. Fishing, forestry, mining, and hydroelectric development also play a major part.
The air and water in Newfoundland is some of the cleanest on the planet, and the standard of living in the province is high. The fishery is focused on producing high-quality fish and marine product such as hand line caught cod, lobster, and snow crab that’s exported to national and international markets.
If you’ve tried fish from Newfoundland, you already know how great it is, with some of the best fish and fish products in the world coming from Newfoundland and Labrador. Newfoundland has regained more control over their own fishery and is reaping the rewards, now doing many of the things Iceland did when they left Denmark.
How Do You Feel About Newfoundland Being Its Own Country ?
So what what you have done? Were you or someone you know affected by the Newfoundland Cod Moratorium? If you were around during the vote to join Canada in 1942 would you have voted to join confederation or would you have preferred to see Newfoundland be its own country? Post your opinion in the comments on how you feel about Newfoundland being its own country.
|
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9201
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dbpedia
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https://globalfinancialdata.com/newfoundland
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Global Financial Data
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0001-11-29T16:07:02-07:52
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We are a Global Data provider: For over 25 years Global Financial Data has been providing alternative historical economic and financial data.
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/templates/shaper_helixultimate/images/favicon.ico
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https://globalfinancialdata.com/newfoundland
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Newfoundland was established as a British colony on August 5, 1583. It was a Dominion from 1855 until January 30, 1934 and became a province of Canada on April 1, 1949.
Newfoundland's monetary history followed that of Canada. Tokens were issued by Newfoundland traders between 1840 and 1860. The first regal coins were issued in 1865 and continued to be issued until 1949 when Newfoundland became a province of Canada. Newfoundland issued Pounds (NFLP) until 1858 when it began issuing the Newfoundland Dollar (NFLD), which traded at par with the Canadian Dollar. Upon becoming a province of Canada, Newfoundland adopted the Canadian Dollar (CAD).
The Government of Newfoundland issued banknotes. The Dollar was divisible into 100 Cents.
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9201
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dbpedia
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https://mapsofantiquity.com/products/can361-dominion-of-canada-and-newfoundland-rand-mcnally-1900
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1900 - Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland - Antique Map
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Item number: CAN361Genuine Antique Map 1900 Maker: Rand McNally Antique printed color map from the Rand McNally Condensed Atlas , published in 1900. Shows cities, large towns, lakes, railroads. With interesting old boundaries (Athabasca, Assiniboia, Keewatin, etc). Very good antique condition with some toning at the
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Genuine Antique Map
1900
Maker: Rand McNally
Antique printed color map from the Rand McNally Condensed Atlas , published in 1900. Shows cities, large towns, lakes, railroads. With interesting old boundaries (Athabasca, Assiniboia, Keewatin, etc). Very good antique condition with some toning at the paper edges. This small map measures approx. 5.75 x 7 inches to the paper edges.
Item Number: CAN361
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File:Canada Newfoundland George V 20 Cents 1912.jpg
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1912-08-20T00:00:00
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This work is free and may be used by anyone for any purpose. If you wish to use this content, you do not need to request permission as long as you follow any licensing requirements mentioned on this page.
The Wikimedia Foundation has received an e-mail confirming that the copyright holder has approved publication under the terms mentioned on this page. This correspondence has been reviewed by a Volunteer Response Team (VRT) member and stored in our permission archive. The correspondence is available to trusted volunteers as ticket #2015012110018886.
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9201
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newfoundland_dollar
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Newfoundland dollar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newfoundland_dollar
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Currency of Newfoundland before joining Canada
Newfoundland dollarUnitSymbol$ or NF$DenominationsSubunit 1⁄100centSymbol cent¢Banknotes
25¢
40¢
50¢
80¢
$1
$2
$5
$10
$20
$50
CoinsDemographicsReplacedNewfoundland poundReplaced byCanadian dollarUser(s)NewfoundlandIssuanceCentral bankDepartment of Finance and CustomsValuationPegged withCanadian dollar at parThis infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete.
The dollar was the currency of the colony of Newfoundland and, later, the Dominion of Newfoundland, from 1865 until 1949, when Newfoundland became a province of Canada. It was subdivided into 100 cents.
History
[edit]
In 1865, Newfoundland adopted the gold standard, and the dollar replaced the pound at a rate of 1 dollar = 4 shillings 2 pence sterling or 1 pound = $4.80, slightly higher than the Canadian dollar (worth 4s 1.3d). The significance of this rating was that two cents was equal to one penny sterling. It was seen as a compromise between adopting the British system or the American system. It also had the effect of aligning the Newfoundland unit to the dollar unit in the British Eastern Caribbean colonies. The West Indian dollar was directly descended from the Spanish dollar (pieces of eight). Newfoundland was unique in the British Empire in that it was the only part to introduce its own gold coin in conjunction with its gold standard. Newfoundland two-dollar coins were minted intermittently until the Newfoundland banking crash of 1894. In 1895, following this banking crisis, the Canadian banks moved into Newfoundland and the value of the Newfoundland dollar was adjusted to set it equal to the Canadian dollar, a devaluation of 1.4%. The Newfoundland dollar was replaced by the Canadian dollar at par when Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949.[1]
The other British North American colonies adopted the American unit around the same time that Newfoundland adopted the West Indian unit. The small disparity between the American unit and the West Indian unit was because in 1792, Alexander Hamilton at the U.S. Treasury Department took an average weight of worn Spanish dollars to be the new American unit of currency.[citation needed]
The Newfoundland decimal coinage corresponded exactly to the dollar unit that was used in another British colony in South America. British Guiana used accounts based on the Spanish dollar, but these accounts were used in conjunction with the sterling coinage.
Coins of the Newfoundland dollar continue to be legal tender in all of Canada,[2] as are banknotes.[citation needed]
Coins
[edit]
In 1865, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10 and 20 cents, and 2 dollars. The 1 cent was struck in bronze, the 5, 10 and 20 cents in silver and the 2 dollars (also denominated as "Two Hundred Cents" and "One Hundred Pence") in gold. Silver 50 cents were introduced in 1870, with the 20 cents replaced by a 25-cent coin in 1917. A smaller 1-cent coin was introduced in 1938.
Banknotes
[edit]
In 1865, one chartered bank, the Commercial Bank of Newfoundland, began issuing notes denominated in pounds and dollars, using a rate of 4 dollars = 1 pound. As this rate matched the rate used in Canada at the time, it may be that these notes were not intended for use as Newfoundland dollars. In the 1880s, both the Commercial Bank and the Union Bank of Newfoundland issued notes denominated solely in dollars. Denominations of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 dollars were issued. However, in 1894, both banks crashed.
The Department of Public Works introduced government cash notes in 1901 in denominations of 40, 50 and 80 cents, 1 and 5 dollars. In 1910, 25 cents and 2 dollars were added. In 1920, the Treasury introduced 1- and 2-dollar notes.
Gold standard
[edit]
The Newfoundland dollar was linked to the Canadian dollar and remained convertible to gold even after Canada went off the gold standard in April 1931. As a result of going off the gold standard and the economic situation of the Depression, the Canadian dollar slipped against the American dollar. That opened up the opportunity for a one-way arbitrage market with the United States. It became profitable to convert Canadian dollars for gold in Newfoundland and then take the gold to the United States to sell for a profit. This brought economic pressure on Newfoundland as its gold reserves started to diminish.[3]
In December 1931, the Newfoundland government took Newfoundland off the gold standard.[3] This was followed by legislation in the spring of 1932, which amended the Currency Act to prohibit the export of gold without a permit. Banknotes became legal tender, and notes were no longer convertible into gold. Newfoundland thus abandoned the gold standard a year after Canada.[4]
See also
[edit]
Canada portal
Money portal
Numismatics portal
Newfoundland pound
Banknotes of the Commercial Bank of Newfoundland
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Newfoundland’s entry into Confederation marked the end of an era when Canadian provinces issued their own coins and paper money.
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https://www.bankofcanadamuseum.ca/2024/03/welcoming-newfoundland-to-canada/
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How Newfoundland lost its money by joining Confederation
The last vestiges of Newfoundland’s currency disappeared with the signing of the Terms of Union. Newfoundland’s entry into Confederation marked the end of an era when colonies issued their own coins and paper money.
Newfoundland: island of cod
When John Cabot landed at Bonavista in 1497, he claimed the island for King Henry VII of England, who called it the “New Found Launde.” It is ironic that for centuries Newfoundland (and today, Labrador) was remembered less for the "land” than for the seas and their abundance of cod fish beyond her shores. In fact, some early 16th century Portuguese maps called it terra do Bacalhau or ilha do Bacalhau, “land” or “island of cod.” Given that cod would drive the colony’s economy for the next four hundred years, maybe the Portuguese name would have been more suitable.
Several Indigenous Peoples in North America—including Inuit, Innu, Wolastoqiyik, Mi'kmaq and Beothuk—have fished the Atlantic cod for thousands of years. What we call Newfoundland today was known as Ktaqmkuk when Europeans first landed on the island. It was inhabited by the Beothuk and Mi’kmaq at that time.
Newfoundland became the site of an international fishery. Portuguese, Spanish, Basque, French, English and Dutch fishermen were active on the Grand Banks. Boats from ports all over Europe would cross the Atlantic Ocean in the spring, crowd the waters off the coast to cast their nets, and set up temporary camps on the shores to dry their catch. They had little interest in the island or the people that called it their home. For them, it was all about the fish!
Permanent settlement, fish currency and coinage
For nearly 200 years after Cabot’s landing, Newfoundland remained largely uninhabited by Europeans. In 1610, a few English fishers wintered at Cupids, located in the Avalon peninsula. After a couple of years, the population at the site was 62 people, including a few families. A decade later, in 1623, England chartered the colony of Avalon, with Ferryland as its main settlement. It was founded mainly to support the fishery. The French gained residence in Placentia (a variation of Plaisance), located on the other side of the peninsula, in 1655. The coexistence between English and French settlers during those years was tense and even violent. One campaign, launched by French forces, began in 1696 with the raiding of the Ferryland settlement. The campaign destroyed 23 English settlements along the coast of the Avalon Peninsula in the span of three months.
Following this destruction, England passed new legislation in 1699 allowing permanent English settlement in Newfoundland to protect its fishing interests against any French aggression. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 permanently ceded Newfoundland to Great Britain, although the French maintained special fishing privileges with a base on the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon. Despite the British government effectively discouraging settlement, Newfoundland had a population of about 2,000 settlers by 1700. The arrival of European settlers introduced diseases such as tuberculosis, which took an enormous toll on the Beothuk. A lack of both resources and outside help to confront the disease led to a decline in their numbers throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, until the Beothuk eventually disappeared.
Coinage was scarce in Newfoundland, a phenomenon not uncommon in many English colonies around the world. For decades, commerce on the island operated on a credit system, with dried cod as the local trade commodity. In the spring, merchants on the island would outfit the fishermen with equipment, and the fishermen would settle their account in the fall with their seasonal catch. Merchants exported the salted and dried cod to Europe, South America and the Caribbean. Reliance on a credit system and the extensive use of bills of exchange to settle transactions between the island merchants and their suppliers in Europe further prove the lack of coinage. Coins were not available in any reliable quantity for commerce, let alone for capital to help grow the economy.
Financial panic and the fall of the Newfoundland banks
Newfoundland’s two banks, the Commercial and the Union, were the main providers of capital and currency for the colony. Yet by 1894, with a drying up of the cod fishery, difficulty in increasing mining output and rising costs to build the railway, the banks’ finances were stretched thin. They were overdrawn on their loans and riding the edge of insolvency. Acting on these rumours, people quickly sought to withdraw their money from the banks, only to learn that there were no funds to do so. Unable to meet their financial obligations, both banks permanently closed on December 10, 1894. The effects were immediate with businesses failing, workers losing their jobs and the price of food and other essentials rising. The entire colony was on the verge of bankruptcy. Payment of specie was suspended until Newfoundland passed legislation to wind up the affairs of the failed banks and for others, namely, the Bank of Montreal, the Bank of Nova Scotia and the Merchant’s Bank of Halifax (later, the Royal Bank of Canada), to come to the rescue. Notes of the Commercial and Union were redeemed at huge discounts. The inhabitants of Newfoundland who had faith in the banks to protect their savings lost almost everything.
The 20th century and a new attitude toward Confederation
Newfoundland never fully recovered from the 1894 financial crisis. And over the decades that followed, the option of joining Confederation seemed more and more attractive. The problem was that the rest of the Dominion of Canada was less enthusiastic about accepting it and its economic troubles. Throughout the First World War and the Great Depression, Newfoundland’s financial situation was desperate—so much so that, in 1934, the British parliament suspended the Newfoundland government and appointed a commission of government in hopes of steering the colony toward recovery. The Second World War turned around the colony’s fortunes, with increased immigration and influxes of money for the war effort. Newfoundland was again on the road to economic and financial stability, right in time for talks on joining Confederation to resurface.
1949: Newfoundland finally joins Canada
In December 1945, the British parliament announced that Newfoundland would hold a National Convention to choose the colony’s political destiny: self-government or union with Canada. The factions were equally split, but the pro-Confederation delegates led by Joey Smallwood won the motion to go to Ottawa to discuss terms for joining with Canada. While several delegates of the National Convention rejected the draft terms, disagreeing over the style of government, active campaigning in favour of Confederation allowed for the option to remain on the referendum ballot. On June 3, 1948, Newfoundlanders went to the polls. In a low turnout, the votes were split, with no clear winner. The results of a second referendum held the following month gave Confederation the nod. The final Terms of Union were signed on December 11, 1948, and in February 1949, the Canadian Parliament ratified them. Newfoundland was in. Labrador was physically separated, but had always been a part of Newfoundland. To reflect this, the province changed its official name in 2001 to Newfoundland and Labrador, recognizing it as a single entity.
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History of Canadian currencies
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The history of Canadian currencies began with Indigenous peoples in Canada prior to European contact, when they used items such as wampum and furs for trading purposes. The Indigenous peoples continued to use those items as currency when trade with Europeans began. During the period of French colonization, coins were introduced, as well as one of the first examples of paper currency by a western government. During the period of British colonization, additional coinage was introduced, as well as banknotes. The Canadian colonies gradually moved away from the British pound and adopted currencies linked to the United States dollar. With Confederation in 1867, the Canadian dollar was established. By the mid-20th century, the Bank of Canada was the sole issuer of paper currency, and banks ceased to issue banknotes.
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Wikiwand
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https://www.wikiwand.com/en/History_of_Canadian_currencies
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The history of Canadian currencies began with Indigenous peoples in Canada prior to European contact, when they used items such as wampum and furs for trading purposes. The Indigenous peoples continued to use those items as currency when trade with Europeans began. During the period of French colonization, coins were introduced, as well as one of the first examples of paper currency by a western government. During the period of British colonization, additional coinage was introduced, as well as banknotes. The Canadian colonies gradually moved away from the British pound and adopted currencies linked to the United States dollar. With Confederation in 1867, the Canadian dollar was established. By the mid-20th century, the Bank of Canada was the sole issuer of paper currency, and banks ceased to issue banknotes.
Canada began issuing its own coins shortly after Confederation. In the 20th century, Canada has issued many commemorative coins into circulation, temporarily replacing current coinage designs. There also exists a long history of numismatic coin issues.
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https://www.mint.ca/en-us/shopping/archives/2019-4fdfd710/1-oz.-pure-silver-gold-plated-coin---first-world-war-allies-newfoundland---mintage-5000-2018
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1 oz. Pure Silver Gold-Plated Coin - First World War Allies: Newfoundland - Mintage: 5,000 (2018)
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Your coin highlights the heroism of Newfoundlanders during the First World War. Order today.
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https://www.mint.ca/en-us
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https://www.mint.ca/en-us/shopping/archives/2019-4fdfd710/1-oz.-pure-silver-gold-plated-coin---first-world-war-allies-newfoundland---mintage-5000-2018
|
An independent dominion, Newfoundland made a tremendous contribution to the Allied war effort: from a population of 242,000, roughly 12,000 Newfoundlanders enrolled for service during the First World War. Theyfought on land, in the air and at sea; they fought in the trenches of Gallipoli, and those of the Western Front. In victory and in hardship, the Royal Newfoundland Regiment pressed on with uncommon valour, courageously going over the top once more at the Ypres front in September 1918 and pushing into enemy territory, before joining the occupation force in Germany.
From Grand Falls to Gallipoli, and into Germany. Order your commemorative coin today.
SECOND IN FIRST WORLD WAR ALLIES 4-COIN SERIES: On the 100th anniversaryof the Armistice of 11 November 1918, this four-coin series reflects on the wartime contributions of select Allied forces who were united in a common causeand bound by heroism and duty.
FOUR ALLIES, ONE LAST PUSH: Like Canada, Newfoundland was an independentdominion during the First World War; the second coin in our First World War Allies series highlights the tremendous wartime contributions and sacrifices of Newfoundlanders.
THE IMAGE OF HEROISM: The scene on the reverse features an outstanding amount of engraved details! Multiple finishes add a sense of depth to a poignant design, which showcases the courageous spirit of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment in the trenches that were a defining experience of the Great War.
SELECTIVE GOLD PLATING: Like all coins in this limited series, selective gold plating on your coin adds a fitting gleam to the regimental insignia of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment.
FOR KING AND COUNTRY: Selective gold plating also highlights the effigy of KingGeorge V on the obverse, which largely resembles that of all Canadian coins issued during the First World War.
COLLECT ALL 4 COINS FOR THE COMPLETE STORY: It’s a touching memorial to all the combatants—one that goes beyond borders to put a face on the Great War.
INCLUDES SERIALIZED CERTIFICATE! The Royal Canadian Mint certifies all of its collector coins. Most of these are serialized certifications, meaning that each certificate is given a unique number, starting at 1.
LIMITED MINTAGE! Your coin has a limited worldwide mintage.
1 OZ. PURE SILVER! Your coin is crafted from one ounce 99.99% pure silver.
NO GST/HST!
Designed by Canadian artist Pandora Young, your coin places the viewer at the heart of the action during the First World War, in the muddy trenches that defined thewar on the Western Front. Multiple finishes give the engraved design a sense of depth as a crowd of soldiers of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment rush to theladders and go over the top. Not one soldier looks back—all eyes are focused on the climb and what laysahead; it is a testament to the heroic fighting spirit of Newfoundlanders who, time after time, mustered their courage and placed themselves in harm’s way in the name of the Allied cause. Selectivegold plating highlights the regimental insignia of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment, which features a woodland caribou defiantly facing the enemy. The selectively gold-plated obverse features the effigy of King George V by Sir E. B. MacKennal.
In 1914, Newfoundland’s government moved swiftly to raise and equip its own regiment of 500 volunteers, known as the First Five Hundred. Due to a shortage of khaki material, the first wave of soldiers wore blue woollen puttees when they arrived in England—hence the Newfoundland regiment’s nickname, “The Blue Puttees.”
Newfoundland’s regiment was the only North American unit to serve in the Gallipoli Campaign in 1915.
The following spring, the regiment was ordered to northern France in preparation for the start of the Battleof the Somme on July 1, 1916. But the devastating losses at Beaumont-Hamel plunged Newfoundland into a period of mourning: from a regiment of 780 officers and soldiers, only 110 survived.
In recognition of its contributions at Ypres and Cambrai in 1917, the Newfoundland Regiment became the Royal Newfoundland Regiment—the only unit to be awarded the “Royal” prefix during the war.
Almost 10% of Newfoundland’s male population enrolled during the war: 8,707 men enrolled in the Royal Newfoundland Regiment, the NewfoundlandRoyal Naval Reserve and the Newfoundland Forestry Corps, while another 3,296 joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF). Others joined the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Air Force, while more than 500 sailors served in the Merchant Marine.
In April 1918, compulsory service became lawin Newfoundland, but its regiment remained a volunteer formation until the end.
A life-sized, bronze statue of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment’s caribou mascot honours the regiment’s sacrifices, and those of all Newfoundlanders who perished in the war, at five different battlefield memorials: Beaumont-Hamel, Masnières,Monchy-le-Preux, Gueudecourt and Courtrai. A replica can also be seen at Bowring Park in St. John’s.
Your coin is encapsulated and presented ina Royal Canadian Mint-branded maroon clamshell witha black beauty box.
Order today!
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This work is free and may be used by anyone for any purpose. If you wish to use this content, you do not need to request permission as long as you follow any licensing requirements mentioned on this page.
The Wikimedia Foundation has received an e-mail confirming that the copyright holder has approved publication under the terms mentioned on this page. This correspondence has been reviewed by a Volunteer Response Team (VRT) member and stored in our permission archive. The correspondence is available to trusted volunteers as ticket #2015012110018886.
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Welcoming Newfoundland to Canada
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2024-03-25T00:00:00
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Newfoundland’s entry into Confederation marked the end of an era when Canadian provinces issued their own coins and paper money.
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en
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https://www.bankofcanadamuseum.ca/2024/03/welcoming-newfoundland-to-canada/
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How Newfoundland lost its money by joining Confederation
The last vestiges of Newfoundland’s currency disappeared with the signing of the Terms of Union. Newfoundland’s entry into Confederation marked the end of an era when colonies issued their own coins and paper money.
Newfoundland: island of cod
When John Cabot landed at Bonavista in 1497, he claimed the island for King Henry VII of England, who called it the “New Found Launde.” It is ironic that for centuries Newfoundland (and today, Labrador) was remembered less for the "land” than for the seas and their abundance of cod fish beyond her shores. In fact, some early 16th century Portuguese maps called it terra do Bacalhau or ilha do Bacalhau, “land” or “island of cod.” Given that cod would drive the colony’s economy for the next four hundred years, maybe the Portuguese name would have been more suitable.
Several Indigenous Peoples in North America—including Inuit, Innu, Wolastoqiyik, Mi'kmaq and Beothuk—have fished the Atlantic cod for thousands of years. What we call Newfoundland today was known as Ktaqmkuk when Europeans first landed on the island. It was inhabited by the Beothuk and Mi’kmaq at that time.
Newfoundland became the site of an international fishery. Portuguese, Spanish, Basque, French, English and Dutch fishermen were active on the Grand Banks. Boats from ports all over Europe would cross the Atlantic Ocean in the spring, crowd the waters off the coast to cast their nets, and set up temporary camps on the shores to dry their catch. They had little interest in the island or the people that called it their home. For them, it was all about the fish!
Permanent settlement, fish currency and coinage
For nearly 200 years after Cabot’s landing, Newfoundland remained largely uninhabited by Europeans. In 1610, a few English fishers wintered at Cupids, located in the Avalon peninsula. After a couple of years, the population at the site was 62 people, including a few families. A decade later, in 1623, England chartered the colony of Avalon, with Ferryland as its main settlement. It was founded mainly to support the fishery. The French gained residence in Placentia (a variation of Plaisance), located on the other side of the peninsula, in 1655. The coexistence between English and French settlers during those years was tense and even violent. One campaign, launched by French forces, began in 1696 with the raiding of the Ferryland settlement. The campaign destroyed 23 English settlements along the coast of the Avalon Peninsula in the span of three months.
Following this destruction, England passed new legislation in 1699 allowing permanent English settlement in Newfoundland to protect its fishing interests against any French aggression. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 permanently ceded Newfoundland to Great Britain, although the French maintained special fishing privileges with a base on the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon. Despite the British government effectively discouraging settlement, Newfoundland had a population of about 2,000 settlers by 1700. The arrival of European settlers introduced diseases such as tuberculosis, which took an enormous toll on the Beothuk. A lack of both resources and outside help to confront the disease led to a decline in their numbers throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, until the Beothuk eventually disappeared.
Coinage was scarce in Newfoundland, a phenomenon not uncommon in many English colonies around the world. For decades, commerce on the island operated on a credit system, with dried cod as the local trade commodity. In the spring, merchants on the island would outfit the fishermen with equipment, and the fishermen would settle their account in the fall with their seasonal catch. Merchants exported the salted and dried cod to Europe, South America and the Caribbean. Reliance on a credit system and the extensive use of bills of exchange to settle transactions between the island merchants and their suppliers in Europe further prove the lack of coinage. Coins were not available in any reliable quantity for commerce, let alone for capital to help grow the economy.
Financial panic and the fall of the Newfoundland banks
Newfoundland’s two banks, the Commercial and the Union, were the main providers of capital and currency for the colony. Yet by 1894, with a drying up of the cod fishery, difficulty in increasing mining output and rising costs to build the railway, the banks’ finances were stretched thin. They were overdrawn on their loans and riding the edge of insolvency. Acting on these rumours, people quickly sought to withdraw their money from the banks, only to learn that there were no funds to do so. Unable to meet their financial obligations, both banks permanently closed on December 10, 1894. The effects were immediate with businesses failing, workers losing their jobs and the price of food and other essentials rising. The entire colony was on the verge of bankruptcy. Payment of specie was suspended until Newfoundland passed legislation to wind up the affairs of the failed banks and for others, namely, the Bank of Montreal, the Bank of Nova Scotia and the Merchant’s Bank of Halifax (later, the Royal Bank of Canada), to come to the rescue. Notes of the Commercial and Union were redeemed at huge discounts. The inhabitants of Newfoundland who had faith in the banks to protect their savings lost almost everything.
The 20th century and a new attitude toward Confederation
Newfoundland never fully recovered from the 1894 financial crisis. And over the decades that followed, the option of joining Confederation seemed more and more attractive. The problem was that the rest of the Dominion of Canada was less enthusiastic about accepting it and its economic troubles. Throughout the First World War and the Great Depression, Newfoundland’s financial situation was desperate—so much so that, in 1934, the British parliament suspended the Newfoundland government and appointed a commission of government in hopes of steering the colony toward recovery. The Second World War turned around the colony’s fortunes, with increased immigration and influxes of money for the war effort. Newfoundland was again on the road to economic and financial stability, right in time for talks on joining Confederation to resurface.
1949: Newfoundland finally joins Canada
In December 1945, the British parliament announced that Newfoundland would hold a National Convention to choose the colony’s political destiny: self-government or union with Canada. The factions were equally split, but the pro-Confederation delegates led by Joey Smallwood won the motion to go to Ottawa to discuss terms for joining with Canada. While several delegates of the National Convention rejected the draft terms, disagreeing over the style of government, active campaigning in favour of Confederation allowed for the option to remain on the referendum ballot. On June 3, 1948, Newfoundlanders went to the polls. In a low turnout, the votes were split, with no clear winner. The results of a second referendum held the following month gave Confederation the nod. The final Terms of Union were signed on December 11, 1948, and in February 1949, the Canadian Parliament ratified them. Newfoundland was in. Labrador was physically separated, but had always been a part of Newfoundland. To reflect this, the province changed its official name in 2001 to Newfoundland and Labrador, recognizing it as a single entity.
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https://www.allposters.com/-sp/Map-of-the-Dominion-of-Canada-and-Newfoundland-Posters_i16329405_.htm
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'Map of the Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland' Art - Encyclopaedia Britannica
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Find great deals on 'Map of the Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland' Art by Encyclopaedia Britannica at AllPosters.com, with fast shipping, easy returns, and custom framing options you'll love!
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AllPosters.com
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https://www.allposters.com/-sp/Map-of-the-Dominion-of-Canada-and-Newfoundland-Posters_i16329405_.htm
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Professionally Crafted Framed Wall Art
Attention to detail is at the heart of our process, as we exclusively use 100% solid wood frames that include 4-ply white core matboard and durable, frame-grade clear acrylic for clarity, long-lasting protection of the artwork and unrivaled quality.
With a thoughtfully selected frame and mat combination, this piece is designed to complement your art and create a visually appealing display.
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Each framed art piece comes with hanging hardware affixed to the back of the frame, allowing for easy and convenient installation. Handcrafted in the USA.
Ready to display right out of the box.
Handcrafted in the USA.
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9201
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https://www.coinworld.com/news/paper-money/canadian-bank-notes-leads-stacks-bowers-auction.html
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en
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Canadian bank notes lead Stack’s Bowers auction
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Canadian bank notes lead Stack’s Bowers auction
|
en
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CoinWorld
|
https://www.coinworld.com/news/paper-money/canadian-bank-notes-leads-stacks-bowers-auction.html
|
A diverse 385 lots of world paper money will be auctioned by Stack’s Bowers Galleries on Jan. 11 at the New York International Numismatic Convention.
The sale includes over two dozen examples of Canadian currency, led by a Paper Money Guaranty Gem Uncirculated 66 Exceptional Paper Quality Dominion of Canada 1898 $1 note that is called the finest known and is offered with an opening bid of $12,000.
Inside Coin World: Finding a 1923-S Peace dollar in circulation: We preview columns exclusive to the Jan. 14 print and digital editions of Coin World, including “Found in Rolls” and “Detecting Counterfeits.”
The vignette at the center of the face shows a group of lumberjacks at work, flanked by portraits of the Earl and Countess of Aberdeen.
Another rarity from the Dominion of Canada is an 1870 $2 note with a vignette of an Indian seated on a bluff overlooking a steam train below. The portraits on each side are of Gen. James Wolfe, who commanded the British army that captured Quebec from the French in 1759, and Gen. Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, who was the commander of French forces in North America during the French and Indian War from 1756 until he was killed in battle in 1759. Despite a grade by PMG of just Very Good 10, only two notes are recorded in higher grades. It has a $5,000 minimum estimate.
A rare 1907 Imperial Bank of Canada $50 punch-canceled specimen featuring Queen Alexandra, the wife of King Edward VII, is offered with a $6,000 to $8,000 estimate. It is in PMG About Uncirculated 53 condition.
The auction offers also some rare 1935 Bank of Canada issues, including two rare $1,000 notes with consecutive serial numbers.
With a $20,000 estimate, the Newfoundland section features the finest known (PCGS Currency Gem New 66 Premium Paper Quality) 1920 $1 Treasury note. These were issued because of a silver coin shortage, and it is estimated that only 1 percent of the print run survives.
The Brazilian section consists of 30 lots of high-grade specimens and proofs dating from the 1860s through the 1890s. It includes some that the firm says it has never previously offered at auction.
A duo of rare Straits Settlements $100 notes from 1916 and 1925, each estimated at $20,000, lead the offerings from Asia. The notes are of identical design, with a portrait of King George V above a prowling tiger on the face and a blank reverse. They are both graded Very Fine.
Wild animals are featured on a pair of issues from the short-lived union of Rwanda-Burundi. A grazing rhinoceros is on a 500-franc note dated 15.05.61 that, with a PMG Gem Uncirculated 65 grade, is the best of the six graded by the service. A 1,000-franc note dated 31.07.62 is the highest denomination in the same series as the 500-franc note. It has a zebra on its face. The PMG Choice Uncirculated 64 grade makes it the finest graded example of five, as well.
Connect with Coin World:
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9201
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dbpedia
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3
| 65 |
https://www.communitystories.ca/v2/marconi/story/glossary/
|
en
|
Marconi’s Legacy in Newfoundland and Labrador
|
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2023-07-17T12:24:55+00:00
|
Aerial Wire: A wire, pole, or other metal object used to send and receive wireless signals. Also known as an antenna. Go back Antenna: See ‘Aerial Wire.’ Go […]
|
en
|
Marconi’s Legacy in Newfoundland and Labrador
|
https://www.communitystories.ca/v2/marconi/story/glossary/
|
Aerial Wire: A wire, pole, or other metal object used to send and receive wireless signals. Also known as an antenna. Go back
Antenna: See ‘Aerial Wire.’ Go back
Colony of Newfoundland: England established their first colony in Cupids, Newfoundland, in 1610. Newfoundland (including Labrador) became an official Colony of England in 1825. Go back
Curvature of the Earth: The Earth is round, which limits how far you can see in any direction. The areas beyond the horizon are on the surface of the Earth that has curved below your line of sight. Neither light nor radio waves, which both travel in a straight line, follow the curvature of the Earth. Go back
Direction Finding Service (DFS): DFS stations transmitted signals that ships could receive and use to calculate their precise location. Go back
Dominion of Newfoundland: The Colony of Newfoundland became a Dominion in 1907. The change gave Newfoundland more self-governance, although some of its affairs were still overseen by England. The Dominion of Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949 and became the Province of Newfoundland (later Newfoundland and Labrador). Go back
Funding: Money provided by a person or an organization to pay for a specific project. Go back
Generator: A machine that produces electricity. Many wireless stations had their own generators. Go back
Government of Newfoundland: The governing body of the Colony or Dominion of Newfoundland. Labrador was included within the area of both the colony and the dominion, but not by name until 2001. Go back
Ground: A ground (often a wire) is an electrical connection between an object and the Earth. Radio antennas are “grounded” for different reasons. Generally speaking, “grounding” helps send and receive clearer messages. Go back
Interference: Noise or a confusion of signals that prevent a radio signal from being clearly received or heard. Many things can cause interference, such as bad weather, some types of appliances, or even solar flares. Go back
Ionosphere: A layer of Earth’s atmosphere that is full of ions and free electrons. It exists between 50 and 1,000 kilometers above Earth’s surface and can reflect radio waves back down to the planet’s surface. Go back
Long Range Navigation Station: Long-range navigation transmitters (LORAN) send signals that help ships confirm their location. The transmitters send out a continual signal, which ships receive and from which they can calculate their location. Go back
Monopoly: A monopoly exists when an individual or business controls an entire resource or is the only provider of a product or service. In situations such as the AATC monopoly, which existed because of a contract between a company and the government, a monopoly can be legally enforced. Go back
Morse Code: A communications system used to send messages by transmitting letters and numbers into a series of dots and dashes. Go back
Patent: A license granted to an individual or business that gives them sole right to make, use, or sell an object. Go back
Ship-To-Shore Telephone System: A communications system that allows a person aboard a ship to connect to the landline telephone system and contact anyone with a phone. Go back
Telegraph Networks: A group of interconnected telegraph stations that can send messages to each other. Go back
Telegraph Recorder: A device that records incoming telegraph messages. It draws the incoming message on a strip of paper. While convenient, telegraph recorders required a clear message and a strong signal to work properly. Go back
Wavelength: Radio signals move in waves. The distance between a point on one wave and the same point on the next one is the wavelength. Marconi invented a device that could control thea station was sending or receiving and thus produce clearer messages with less interference. Go back
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