✨X-SAM

From Segment Anything to Any Segmentation

Hao Wang^1,2,Limeng Qiao³,Zequn Jie³, Zhijian Huang¹, Chengjian Feng³,

Qingfang Zheng¹, Lin Ma³, Xiangyuan Lan^{2 📧}, Xiaodan Liang^{1 📧}

¹ Sun Yat-sen University, ² Peng Cheng Laboratory, ³ Meituan Inc.

^📧 Corresponding author

🚀 Introduction

• X-SAM introduces a unified multimodal large language model (MLLM) framework, extending the segmentation paradigm from segment anything to any segmentation, thereby enhancing pixel-level perceptual understanding.

• X-SAM proposes a novel Visual GrounDed (VGD) segmentation task, which segments all instance objects using interactive visual prompts, empowering the model with visually grounded, pixel-wise interpretative capabilities.

• X-SAM presents a unified training strategy that enables co-training across multiple datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that X-SAM achieves state-of-the-art performance on various image segmentation benchmarks, highlighting its efficiency in multimodal, pixel-level visual understanding.

🔖 Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong capabilities in broad knowledge representation, yet they are inherently deficient in pixel-level perceptual understanding. Although the Segment Anything Model (SAM) represents a significant advancement in visual-prompt-driven image segmentation, it exhibits notable limitations in multi-mask prediction and category-specific segmentation tasks, and it cannot integrate all segmentation tasks within a unified model architecture. To address these limitations, we present X-SAM, a streamlined Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) framework that extends the segmentation paradigm from segment anything to any segmentation. Specifically, we introduce a novel unified framework that enables more advanced pixel-level perceptual comprehension for MLLMs. Furthermore, we propose a new segmentation task, termed Visual GrounDed (VGD) segmentation, which segments all instance objects with interactive visual prompts and empowers MLLMs with visual grounded, pixel-wise interpretative capabilities. To enable effective training on diverse data sources, we present a unified training strategy that supports co-training across multiple datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that X-SAM achieves state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of image segmentation benchmarks, highlighting its efficiency for multimodal, pixel-level visual understanding.

👉 More details can be found in GitHub.

📌 Citation

If you find X-SAM is helpful for your research or applications, please consider giving us a like 💖 and citing it by the following BibTex entry.

@article{wang2025xsam,
  title={X-SAM: From Segment Anything to Any Segmentation},
  author={Wang, Hao and Qiao, Limeng and Jie, Zequn and Huang, Zhijian and Feng, Chengjian and Zheng, Qingfang and Ma, Lin and Lan, Xiangyuan and Liang, Xiaodan},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.04655},
  year={2025}
}