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Bumblebees can develop an addiction to nicotine-containing pesticides, British scientist find. Dan and Neil teach you the language the media is using to discuss this story.
British scientists have found that bumblebees prefer food coated in a nicotine-containing pesticide and develop an addiction similar to a human smoker.
Scientists in Britain have found that, given a choice, bumblebees prefer food containing a pesticide which is harmful to them.
The research provides further evidence that bees develop addictive behaviour when exposed to neonicotinoids, similar to humans who smoke.
The pesticides have been linked to declining bee populations.
• Have you seen the new reality TV show? I'm totally hooked on it. It's great!
• Once I scored my first goal, I was hooked. Nothing beats football!
• He only seems to get a buzz out of video games. He says everything else is boring.
• Running marathons gives her a real buzz. She loves the challenge.
• Have you tried my new cocktail? It's an acquired taste! No one likes it immediately.
• I didn't like boxing at first, but now I've acquired a taste for it. It's my new hobby.
Which preposition do we use with 'hooked'?
Complete this sentence: She's currently hooked ______ a band called Space Hamster.
How do we use 'get' and 'give' with 'buzz'? Are they the same?
'Acquired' is a difficult word to spell!
Which of these is spelled correctly?
| 2019-04-20T11:15:34 |
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/course/newsreview/unit-7/session-70
|
0.999999 |
In this Article: Being generous begins with treating each person as though they have already achieved the potential for greatness that is in every one of us. Oxytocin increased generosity 80% compared to those on placebo. We advise each other, we share information, we introduce each other to financiers and actors and other collaborators and we cheer each other on. Would you feel that same responsibility to give to charity if the bucket was sitting by itself with nobody around? No matter how busy you are, there should always be room in your life for hanging out with friends. Working from your most generous place will feed your relationships and make them stronger; and being generous with your time and resources when it comes to others will likely result in that same generosity back to you. She made no complaint of him, and even spoke of him as generous.
Maybe your coworker is really stressed and needs someone to look after her dog while she's visiting her sick mother in a different town. Rather than facing a referendum, the City Council voted to repeal the bill. Peggy was producing films on which she also served as production manager, and generously offered to teach me, which was fortunate because when I say I stumbled my way in, I am not kidding. If you have just two delicious chocolates left and give one to a friend, that means more than giving your friend one of a hundred candy bars you don't care about. So how do you cultivate generosity? Generosity came increasingly to identify not literal family heritage but a nobility of spirit thought to be associated with high birth—that is, with various admirable qualities that could now vary from person to person, depending not on family history but on whether a person actually possessed the qualities.
And what a year for us at the Covenant Network of Presbyterians. You should give this amount right when you get your paycheck, instead of at the end of the month, when you see how much money you have left. Although the term generosity often goes hand-in-hand with charity, many people in the public's eye want recognition for their good deeds. I learned a lot from Georgia, as you will from your mentees. I am in awe of you all. Don't forget to be generous to yourself. Maybe your mother is overworked and doesn't even realize how much help she needs until you give it.
To find out more or to opt-out, please read our. I wish you all, every success. You are probably doing that already — maybe consciously, maybe unconsciously. What will the money be used for? A little tough love from your peers can go a long way toward making your project more viable. Even putting some loose change in a tip jar can be a generous act.
I was doing just that, cooking in a restaurant and attending Emerson College, when I got the opportunity to intern for Debra Franco, who was self distributing her films through a co-op of independent filmmakers. Generosity was defined as an offer greater than the minimum amount needed for acceptance. The Sanctuary helps people who are struggling to cope - experiencing depression, anxiety, panic attacks or in crisis. Take the time to sort through them and to donate them to charity so that someone else can find a good use for them. At the September event at the Economic Club of Washington, he succinctly summed up his thoughts on how best to solve not only the homelessness crisis but other problems of poverty and inequality. And He is the Best of providers.
Whether you're interacting with your neighbors or your best friend, take a look at the person you're talking to and see how you'll be able to help that person out. You will not be erased—not from our church and not from our lives. That shelter has since moved to a former Days Inn, which Amazon also owns. After the repeal, Amazon was jubilant. Maybe your best friend's car broke down and she needs a ride to school. Give your favorite novel to a friend.
Two versions of the letter asking for a charitable donation were drafted, with one focusing more on the individual and the second being a bit more vague. We do everything from homelessness prevention to shelter to permanent housing solutions. Inappropriate posts or posts containing offsite links may be removed by the moderator. In times of , relief efforts are frequently provided, voluntarily, by individuals or groups acting unilaterally in making gifts of time, resources, goods, money, etc. Similar longer notes to those found on the brothers were also 'neatly laid out' on a table. A new respect for him, also a new pity that was generous and not contemptuous, crept into his heart.
Be generous with your kind words and make a goal of giving at least five compliments in a week -- or even in a day! Even if you're only giving ten dollars a month, you'll be doing good in the world and will feel good about yourself. Give your time to a friend. Over the last five centuries in the English speaking world, generosity developed from being primarily the description of an pertaining to the elite nobility to being an achieved mark of admirable personal quality and action capable of being exercised in theory by any person who had learned virtue and noble character Smith 2009. The 34-year-old Tucker was subsequently arrested in Illinois, where he admitted to killing Serino after she turned down his marriage proposal, according to Pennsylvania State Police. I remember Peggy showing me a call sheet, which blew my mind. The Resolution Foundation, meanwhile, calculates that almost half the income tax cuts will go to the top 10 per cent of households and warns that the squeeze will continue for low- and middle-income families. Though volunteering, caring for others, and giving your time is a great way to be generous, you shouldn't forget about yourself completely in the process.
By 2021, the economy would still be 5. Or you can form a group of your own; within an intimate group, you can afford to be even that much more generous. In essence, generosity is the sincere desire to make others' lives easier and more pleasant. I encourage you to pass that on, to be as generous as you can be with each other, and to new folks coming up. More troublingly, though, the Day 1 fund suggests that Bezos, like other billionaire philanthropists before him, think the problems of homelessness, poverty, and displacement should be solved by a network of donors and nonprofits — and not by elected officials. You are the people getting movies made. The Covenant Network of Presbyterians is undertaking a new effort in partnership with congregations and councils around the country to speak a hopeful and helpful word into anxious times for church and society.
| 2019-04-23T18:05:26 |
http://busanlottedfs.com/as-generous-as.html
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0.999863 |
A Muscle Drug For Pigs Comes Out Of The Shadows : The Salt The USDA is allowing a pork retailer, for the first time, to label products as raised with "no ractopamine." It may lead to pressure on farmers to stop using the muscle-promoting drug.
Young pigs stare out of a pen at a hog farm in North Dakota. In coming months, consumers will start to see a new label on some packages of pork: Produced "without the use of ractopamine."
In the coming months, a few shoppers will encounter a new and unfamiliar phrase when looking at packages of pork: "Produced without the use of ractopamine."
It's the brainchild of David Maren, founder of Tendergrass Farms, which sells pork products from pigs raised the "all-natural" way, on pasture.
Maren first heard about ractopamine years ago, when he was just getting into this business. Maren was talking with his cousin, who raises pigs the conventional way, in big hog houses.
"At one point I mentioned to him something like, 'Well, I know you use hormones to raise your pigs, and that's why they grow so fast,' " recalls Maren. "And he said, 'No! Hormones are illegal in pork production in this country. We don't use hormones and we never have.' "
Then his cousin added, "We do use ractopamine."
Maren had never heard of this drug. "It's not something that I hear anybody talking about," he says.
This is odd, he says, because ractopamine is a very big deal in the pork industry. Most pigs in America get this drug, because it's extremely effective. It's a "beta agonist" and has effects that are similar to adrenaline. It gets a pig to put on more muscle, instead of fat, and also put on weight more quickly. That's money in the farmer's pocket: According to some experts, it adds two or three dollars of income per pig.
The Food and Drug Administration says that ractopamine is safe. The agency approved its use in pigs in 1999.
But the drug still arouses some controversy. Safety regulators in the European Union, China, Russia and a variety of other countries have not approved the drug. They say there's not yet enough evidence to prove that pork produced using ractopamine is safe to eat.
Apart from any human health concerns, there have been many reports of animals suffering when they get too much of the drug.
There are pigs that don't get any ractopamine. Organic pork producers definitely don't use it. Natural pork producers probably don't — although Maren says that there's so little awareness of ractopamine use that many big buyers of "all-natural" pork don't even bother to ask about it.
And consumers don't get any information about all that on pork labels. It's never mentioned.
David Maren decided that he wanted to tell the world that his company's pork is ractopamine-free. He thought consumers might pay a little extra for that, the same way that some consumers look for meat that's raised without antibiotics.
"Tendergrass Farms is always looking to get as much value for our products as possible," he says.
So last year, he drew up a new label containing these words: "Our pigs are never fed beta-agonists (like Ractopamine) — drugs widely used as artificial growth promotants in the pork industry today."
Meat labels have to get approval from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, though, which is supposed to make sure that labels are not false or misleading. The USDA refused to approve Maren's proposed label.
Officials at the USDA advised Maren to modify the label to say instead that "our animals are never fed growth promotants," and to include an additional statement that "federal regulations prohibit the use of hormones in pork."
Philip Derfler, deputy administrator of the USDA's Food Safety Inspection Service, which oversees meat labels, told The Salt that Maren's original proposal was confusing. "Apparently, a judgment was made that the information wasn't being presented in a way that would be understandable to a consumer," he said.
But Maren kept pushing, and after hearing that the USDA was reconsidering its position, he submitted a new proposal. The new label states that the product is made with "no ractopamine — a beta-agonist growth promotant."
Last week, Maren got official notice that this label had been approved. Maren thinks it will be the first USDA-approved label on pork to explicitly mention ractopamine.
But he thinks it won't be the last one. "I imagine that if anyone in the industry is talking about it, then everyone has to talk about it," he says.
This does not sound like good news to some conventional pork producers, such as David Hardin, in Danville, Ind.
"When you put a label like that on there, it will immediately make the consumer think, 'Well what is this? It must be something bad,'" he says.
If consumers start to look for ractopamine-free labels, it could lead to pressure on farmers to stop using this profitable drug.
In fact, some farmers are feeling that pressure already, for another reason. One very big buyer of American pork is demanding ractopamine-free pork, and it's a very big customer indeed: the nation of China.
Some big pork processors are asking farmers to deliver pork the way China wants it. "If you sell to a processor that either does export to China or could potentially export to China, then you're probably going to see some pressure," says Hardin.
Other farmers, he says, are ready to follow the signals of the market. If consumers are willing to pay more for pork labeled "ractopamine-free," that's how they'll raise their pigs.
| 2019-04-20T05:04:22 |
https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/08/14/432102733/a-muscle-drug-for-pigs-comes-out-of-the-shadows?utm_medium=RSS&utm_campaign=business?utm_medium=RSS&utm_campaign=business
|
0.999999 |
DALLAS (AP) Missouri has to set some different goals after sharing the Big 12 North division title three of the past four seasons.
There are no more divisions in the conference that now has 10 teams and will play a round-robin schedule.
The Tigers shared their past two North titles with Nebraska last season, when the Huskers got to the Big 12 title game and in 2008, when Missouri advanced for winning the head-to-head matchup.
This season, the Huskers are gone to the Big Ten. Colorado left for what is now the Pac-12.
Missouri returns nine offensive starters from a 10-3 team, but has to replace quarterback Blaine Gabbert. Pinkel said the Tigers have already embraced the new starter, sophomore James Franklin.
OFFENSIVE OKLAHOMA STATE: Oklahoma State quarterback Brandon Weeden smiled while nodding his head toward receiver Justin Blackmon sitting nearby.
Weeden can’t wait to get back into games and throw passes again to Blackmon, the junior who last season set Cowboys records with 111 catches for 1,782 yards and 20 touchdowns. And they should get plenty of chances.
Even with a new offensive coordinator Todd Monken replaced Dan Holgorsen, now the West Virginia coach the Cowboys don’t expect to change much after winning 11 games and sharing the Big 12 South title last season while averaging 520 yards and 44 points.
Monken spent the past four seasons as an NFL assistant for Jacksonville, but was previously at Oklahoma State when Gundy was the offensive coordinator there for Les Miles.
NOT YOUNG AND RESTLESS: Texas A is growing up, and so are expectations after the Aggies got to the Cotton Bowl last season with a six-game winning streak.
“I think they’re a little more realistic now than maybe they were a couple years ago,” coach Mike Sherman said.
A year ago, the Aggies were coming off a 6-7 season when they played 18 freshmen. They cut the number of first-year players drastically last year and Sherman said it will be even tougher for a freshman to break into the lineup this season.
BAYLOR BOWL: Baylor no longer has the distinction of being the only Big 12 team without a bowl appearance since the league began in 1996. The Bears ended a 16-year bowl drought last season.
QUOTABLE: “My wife told me that there’s usually, most hotels don’t even have a 13th floor, and that was my 13th year, so I should have skipped it. Some people thought I did. But it didn’t work well. So we’re starting over on year 14.” Texas coach Mack Brown, coming off a 5-7 record that was his only losing season with the Longhorns.
| 2019-04-25T23:55:58 |
https://1350kman.com/big-12-media-day-day-1/
|
0.997811 |
Is there a function f computing the norm of a quaternion?
I mean f( a b + b b + c b + d b ) = a^2 +b^2 +c^2 + d^2.
There is no GAP library function for that.
However, the following function will do the job.
| 2019-04-26T16:00:39 |
http://www.gap-system.org/ForumArchive/Breuer.1/Thomas.1/Re__Quat.1/1.html
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0.973891 |
Whatever it happens to be, overcoming a fear can be challenging, but when conquered, very liberating. Fear is an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger and is usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight. It can be real, or imagined. It is certainly not always a bad thing. When fear serves as a warning signal for impending danger or a life-threatening situation, it is necessary and life preserving. If we didn't feel it in certain situations we wouldn't react appropriately and we'd put ourselves at great risk. If a fear is imagined or irrational, it can be paralyzing and hold us back from living life fully and productively. Many imagined fears, such as fear of rejection, looking foolish, or of failure are the types of fears we must learn to manage and overcome. If we let them control our lives, we would never venture forth or strive to become all that we can be. There are, of course, some fears that our having them, or not, doesn't affect our lives. For example, if someone has a fear of public speaking, yet has no need, intention, or desire to speak publicly; trying to conquer the fear is of no consequence. There is really no motivation, or need, to work on conquering it. If, on the other hand, the fear of public speaking will hold one back from progressing in their career, or getting ahead in any way, then it's time to work on getting rid of it.
1. Acknowledge the fear: Whether it's imagined or real, the first step in overcoming fear is to admit that it exists. We all have fears; it's human nature. Denying or ignoring them doesn't make them go away.
2. Analyze it: Where does it come from? Is it real or imagined? Can it be put in a different context? For instance if you think it through to its logical conclusion, what's the worst that can happen to you? Once you've determined what that might be, ask yourself if you can deal with, or overcome it. More often than not, once you go through the process of analyzing it, the fear isn't as scary as you originally imagined.
3. Face it: Allow yourself to feel it, and then do it anyway. Act in spite of your fear and treat is as a challenge for personal growth and an opportunity to become stronger.
4. Be persistent: Do the thing you fear over and over again. By doing it repeatedly it loses its power over you and you become less vulnerable to it.
5. Develop courage: Sometimes the answer may not be to conquer a particular fear; it may be to develop courage. If you focus too much on any one fear instead of trying to build courage, you may in fact, intensify it. By developing courage you build self-confidence and resilience. You also build a healthy approach towards facing all fear.
Very important information for all.
We must conquer 'fear of rejection, looking foolish, or of failure', that's very true, but sometimes environment is an important factor.
Whenever one tries to build up courage, surroundings demotivate that person in a way that he/she can never overcome it.
So, we should be(must be) self motivated in a way that wouldn't be wither away.
We must need to courage to overcome fear, speaking in front of audience need to self-development and motivation. we can build courage by increasing self confidence. Thank you for sharing.
Need to be confident as well.
It's important to realize that in everything we do, there's always a chance that we'll fail. Facing that chance, and embracing it, is not only courageous – it also gives us a fuller, more rewarding life.
Analyze all potential outcomes – Many people experience fear of failure because they fear the unknown. Remove that fear by considering all of the potential outcomes of your decision. Our article Decision Trees [Add to My Personal Learning Plan] will teach you how to map possible outcomes visually.
Learn to think more positively – Positive thinking is an incredibly powerful way to build self-confidence and neutralize self-sabotage. Our article Thought Awareness, Rational Thinking, and Positive Thinking [Add to My Personal Learning Plan] is a comprehensive resource for learning how to change your thoughts.
Have a contingency plan [Add to My Personal Learning Plan] – If you're afraid of failing at something, having a "Plan B" in place can help you feel more confident about moving forward.
| 2019-04-19T06:18:22 |
http://forum.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd/index.php/topic,25074.0.html
|
0.999385 |
Hackers took advantage of a "complex interaction" between three software bugs, which required a degree of sophistication.
It involved a flaw in a "See As" feature that showed Facebook what their profiles look like to other people at the social network.
Using the feature generated digital keys, called "access tokens," which let users stay connected to their accounts without having to enter passwords anew.
- What data was leaked?
They would have been able to get into linked accounts including Messenger or Instagram, both owned by Facebook, but not into the social network's WhatsApp service.
Facebook said that "up to 50 million accounts" were directly affected, meaning hackers swiped digital keys.
An additional 40 million accounts that used the "View As" feature had tokens reset although it didn't appear they were targeted by hackers.
- Measures taken by Facebook?
Facebook invalidated "access tokens" at issue in the breach, requiring people to log in anew with passwords. The social network informed those involved by posting messages atop news feeds.
- What is the risk to Facebook?
Protection of people's data falls under the purview of the Federal Trade Commission in the United States, but states could also be interested in making sure local privacy or data protection laws were not violated.
| 2019-04-23T04:36:26 |
https://phys.org/news/2018-10-failure-facebookwhat.html
|
0.999999 |
Converting Chinese lí to light-years value in the length units scale.
TOGGLE : from light-years into Chinese lí in the other way around.
Convert length measuring units between Chinese lí (釐 or 厘) and light-years (ly) but in the other reverse direction from light-years into Chinese lí.
This online length from 釐 or 厘 into ly converter is a handy tool not just for certified or experienced professionals.
First unit: Chinese lí (釐 or 厘) is used for measuring length.
Second: light-year (ly) is unit of distance.
0.000000000000000000035 ly is converted to 1 of what?
The light-years unit number 0.000000000000000000035 ly converts to 1 釐 or 厘, one Chinese lí. It is the EQUAL length value of 1 Chinese lí but in the light-years distance unit alternative.
How to convert 2 Chinese lí (釐 or 厘) into light-years (ly)? Is there a calculation formula?
1. in practicing Chinese lí and light-years ( 釐 or 厘 vs. ly ) values exchange.
How many light-years of length are in 1 Chinese lí? The answer is: The change of 1 釐 or 厘 ( Chinese lí ) unit of length measure equals = to 0.000000000000000000035 ly ( light-year ) as the equivalent measure for the same length type.
In principle with any measuring task, switched on professional people always ensure, and their success depends on, they get the most precise conversion results everywhere and every-time. Not only whenever possible, it's always so. Often having only a good idea ( or more ideas ) might not be perfect nor good enough solution. If there is an exact known measure in 釐 or 厘 - Chinese lí for length amount, the rule is that the Chinese lí number gets converted into ly - light-years or any other length unit absolutely exactly.
Conversion for how many light-years ( ly ) of length are contained in a Chinese lí ( 1 釐 or 厘 ). Or, how much in light-years of length is in 1 Chinese lí? To link to this length Chinese lí to light-years online converter simply cut and paste the following.
The link to this tool will appear as: length from Chinese lí (釐 or 厘) to light-years (ly) conversion.
The length converter from 釐 or 厘 ( Chinese lí ) measure to ly ( light-years ) equivalent.
| 2019-04-21T16:07:22 |
https://www.traditionaloven.com/tutorials/distance/convert-china-small-li-unit-to-light-year-ly.html
|
0.999722 |
Warriors FC coach Alex Weaver must have been wondering last night: What more do I have to do?
Two weeks ago, the Briton led his side to their first Great Eastern-Yeo's S.League title for five years, pipping rivals Brunei DPMM on the last day after a nail-biting finish to the season.
He and DPMM coach Steve Kean were thought to be favourites for the Coach of the Year award at the league's Awards Night at the ITE College East last night.
Instead, the gong went to Balestier Khalsa's Marko Kraljevic, who guided his side to the RHB Singapore Cup last Friday.
But Weaver insisted he was not disappointed by the snub.
"Not at all," he said, with a smile.
"It would have been nice but we got the main one, which is the league.
"That's what means everything to me and the lads.
"It (Coach of the Year award) would have been a bonus."
As the winner's name was announced, both Weaver and Kraljevic were seen with their hands clasped together, on their chin.
And, while some might question Kraljevic's choice as best coach, he certainly had his supporters, too.
Chants of "Marko! Marko!" filled the auditorium as the German-born Croat was listed as a nominee, and continued as he made his way up on stage to receive his award.
Weaver praised Kraljevic and Kean for having good seasons, and added: "I don't know who makes the decisions and what criteria they go on, but we've got the league title and there's no subjectivity in that at all - we were the best team in the league this season."
S.League chief operating officer Kok Wai Leong, who led a six-man committee to decide the best coach, player and young player, explained: "The performance of the team all round, and winning the RHB Singapore Cup, speaks for itself.
"Balestier have done very well this season, despite being a club that are not as financially strong as some of the traditional big guns.
"Since Marko took over from Darren Stewart, you can see there has been a transformation of the team, and that is a mark of a good coach."
The good-natured Kraljevic was still in disbelief after the ceremony ended.
"It is my first year as an S.League coach, so it's unbelievable.
"To me, all three of us (nominated coaches) deserved it because everyone did a great job.
"It was an equal fight and could have gone to anyone.
"I have to thank so many people for this award, though because, in a team sport, it's never about one individual.
"I want to thank my family, the Balestier management for giving me the full support, my support staff and the players.
"My job with Balestier is not over yet. Our next target is the league."
I’m very surprised. It is my first year as an S.League coach, so it’s unbelievable.
Since Marko took over from Darren Stewart, you can see there has been a transformation of the team, and that is a mark of a good coach.
| 2019-04-22T08:12:03 |
https://www.tnp.sg/sports/singapore-football/balestiers-rookie-trainer-kraljevic-gets-coachs-gong
|
0.997086 |
Filling in some of the holes in my movie viewing history, I recently watched Alfred Hitchcock's classic, Notorious. As Roger Ebert notes, it "contains some of the most effective camera shots in his--or anyone's--work" and so I figured let's take a closer look at some of those great shots. Some are more famous than others, and I'm certainly going to leave off a few, but this should be interesting.
Major spoilers ahead, mostly below the fold.
First up is a minor shot, not really significant among the Notorious scenes, but more significant of Hitchcock's work as a whole. Many of Hitchcock's films indirectly employed the use of voyeuristic framing to make the viewer feel like they are witnessing the events portrayed on screen. The shot below is literally framed in a doorway, and the distance from the actors implies that we're not supposed to be there. It's an unsettling technique, one which Hitchcock would reprise effectively in his later classics Psycho and Rear Window. This dynamic is reversed in Notorious during the final shot of the film in which our villain is called back to his house to meet a fate we are only left to imagine, as Hitchock closes the door. Interestingly, both approaches can be upsetting: one because we see something we think we shouldn't, another because we fill in the blanks with our imagination.
More screens, commentary, and spoilers below the fold... I've included several screencaps of the next shot to convey the motion on the screen, but looking at screencaps really doesn't do it justice. Ingrid Bergman's character has just seen her father imprisoned for treason, and has spent the night drinking. The scene starts with an establishing shot of Cary Grant, shrouded in shadows and leaning in a doorway (and also Ingrid Bergman laying in bed, waking up with a headache). Hitchcock then follows Grant in a dizzying point of view shot as he walks across the room, the camera rotating as he moves, until he stands above Bergman. The oblique angles of these shots suggest anxiety and tension, and they underscore not only her hungover state, but also the turbulent state of her life. This technique calls attention to itself, but does not overstate the situation. Interestingly, the situation is recalled towards the end of the film, when Grant enters a different bedroom where Bergman lays sick in a bed. That time, the angles are not oblique, as Grant and Bergman's relationship is solidifying in that scene.
Next is probably the most famous shot in the film. Again, I've got a series of screencaps below, but they don't really do the scene justice. The scene starts with a sweeping high-angle crane shot that pans across the room, then pushes down towards Bergman's hand, which is holding the Unica Key (the key that will open the wine cellar, where it is thought that the villains have hidden something). The high angle of the shot reveals the characters on a checkerboard floor, thus likening the film to a chess match, where the characters are mere pawns. This, of course, has duel meanings. The story revolves around Bergman's relationship with Grant, but the film employs a spy plot in which American intelligence has recruited Bergman to spy on Nazis. So, in a sense, the people involved are really just pawns of war. In another sense, because the shot calls attention to itself, it is clear that the characters are also pawns of the filmmaker. On a commentary track from the Criterion Collection DVD, film scholar Marian Keane notes.
The shot demonstrates Hitchcock's supremacy as the author of the film, and does so by revealing the camera's presense; its magical ability to move freely in a house where such freedom is prohibited. And that in Hichtcock's hands, the camera is capable of revealing his intentions, hence his presense behind it.
As previously mentioned, Bergman has stolen a key off of the villain's keychain. They key is to the wine cellar, and Grant wants to see what's hidden in there. Hitchcock employs a brilliant plot element to heighten the tension of these scenes: they are at a party, and the champagne is flowing freely. Perhaps too freely. They might run out, thus necessitating a trip to the wine cellar to fetch some more. But the moment this happens, the villain will be aware that someone has stolen his key. Towards the beginning of this sequence, Hitchcock makes one of his infamous cameos. Typically, when a director makes a cameo, it's seen as a bit of an egotistical thing. Perhaps it is, but in this instance, Hitchcock brilliantly imbues it with a double meaning. As Bergman and Grant move towards the bar to check on the champagne supply, we catch a glimps of Hitchcock downing a glass himself. It's as if he's telling us that he's not going to take it easy on his characters, and that they had better get a move on if they're going to successfully find out what's in the wine cellar.
Of course, the villain notices that his key is gone, and later that night, he goes down to the wine cellar to investigate. Grant and Bergman had accidentally broken a bottle that contained a suspicious powder (which we later figure out is uranium), then hastily cleaned it up as they had to leave the room quickly to avoid detection. Later that night, our villain sees nothing wrong... but decides to look closer. He scans the wine bottles on the shelf. The camera moves from bottle to bottle, displaying a finger and a year. The first several bottles say 1934, but eventually we get to one that is out of place, a 1940 bottle. This is the sort of thing that bad cinema would avoid, favoring lengthy exposition about how the Nazi's employed a labeling system for all their work and that looking at the years would confirm whether or not they had been tampered with. Instead, Hitchcock simply shows us the years, and we figure out what he's looking for.
Of course, there are many other famous shots in the film (such as the first appearance of Madame Sebastian), but I don't have time to go through them all. This film will most certainly end up on my Top 100 list, when I get around to creating it. Last week, I listed a bunch of films I wanted to catch up with before I compiled the top 100 list. I was a little unsure if this was a good idea, though, as great films usually get better with repeated viewings. Would I really find something worth putting on the list after a single viewing? Well, Notorious certainly fits the bill. Of course, I've watched it twice this weekend, and I've watched some of these scenes several times while writing this post, but what do you expect from a truly great film that I loved. It's perhaps not totally perfect, but it's close, and the story hangs together much better than Hitchcock's earlier works (see my Hitchcock category archives for more). To be sure, the spy story is a bit contrived, but the important thing isn't the spying or the Nazis or the uranium, it's Bergman and Grant's relationship. The rest is just window dressing (what Hitchcock infamously refers to as the MacGuffin). There were already 4 Hitchcock films on my preliminary top 100, so this would make 5. It's possible that a sixth will emerge as well, though I think that if that happens, one of the initial 4 will be driven off the list. We'll see, I guess.
| 2019-04-19T02:27:30 |
http://kaedrin.com/weblog/archive/001277.html
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0.999548 |
Nowadays, software is used in most research. But how the software is created, used, and what it depends on are not well understood questions. The importance of such knowledge varies based on the motivation of the reader. On one side, we could be interested in the impact of the software, how many times it has been used and by who. This type of analysis could come, for example, from funding bodies and organisations to reward the creation of something and help its sustainability, from institutions who hire people behind that software, or from the software authors to get an understanding of the needs of their users or simply to get credit for their work. Another motivation may be trying to understand the research being carried out with a particular software or set of tools either for purely academic purposes (e.g., by historians and scholars of science) or with a commercial perspective (such as by intellectual property teams from universities for the monetisation of the software). Some other purposes have to do with reproducibility and provenance: for example, how do we know which calculations need to be repeated if a bug is discovered in a particular version of software?
Looking for software in research is one of many topics that are all related to the problem of understanding the role of software in research in general, and also of understanding the role of specific software in specific research. Other topics include software citation, software contributor roles, software metadata. Two open questions in these topics include: how does one get credit for the research software they write or contribute to? And how does one give credit to someone else for the research software they use? A related question is what should be cited when software is used? Perhaps this should be papers about specific software, the specific software itself (e.g., by its DOI), or the software project in general (e.g., by its GitHub repository.) To some extent, these questions are addressed by the recent Software Citation Principles paper [Smith 2016]. Another question, related to metadata (which is needed for citation) is: How do I know who has contributed to a software project? The difficulty in answering this is compounded by the fact that that all contributors to a project may not be captured by commits to a repository. Project CRediT (http://docs.casrai.org/CRediT) attempted to create a taxonomy of contributor roles for all research outputs, but, in practice, focused on those roles related to papers. And even if all contributors are known, in some projects, there can be a very large number of contributors, and the project may prefer that it is named rather than all the individual contributors, as is done (and explained and explained) by the yt project and by other projects such as ROOT.
The following sections include a set of methods, services and ideas on how to find the software used in research on different means: research, papers, software, and data.
Some efforts have been made to survey the use of software in research by asking researchers directly how they find software, most recently among postdocs in the USA and in the UK before. [Nangia 2017a, Hettrick 2014] Answers to questions like those in these surveys often mention programming languages, packages or (commercial) stand-alone products. Despite the low return rate of such surveys, they have provided a first glimpse of general software use. Interviews have also been identified as a method to provide such insights.
Research outputs themselves may provide information about the software that is used in the research. In many cases, research software is mentioned in articles or conferences proceedings. Research articles also contain keywords mentioning the use of software. A comprehensive keyword vocabulary is key here. Some initial manual efforts have been made to identify software used in research output, as detailed in the subsections “In papers” and “In data”.
Another place to find software in research is through a Current Research Information System (CRIS), which in some countries is mandatory for every researcher to use. However, it still has to be seen how these will be used to document the development (or use) of software. Additionally, some funding agencies compile a database of funding applications, awards, and reports. Such databases, individually or collectively, could be used to generate a state-of-the-art report about the software in use for solving a particular research problem. Finally, in an ideal world, lab notebooks would be published next to the article and dataset. These notebooks would be another source of information about software used in research.
Some papers cite software in the references, in the same way that they cite other papers, but this is currently still quite rare. Even if this is done, the software may not be picked up or may be stored inconsistently by citation indices, which may not have an internal software type. But papers are still a rich source of data for software usage metrics, which can be mined from the text. However, this is non-trivial and requires a lot of manual effort. Howison and Bullard undertook a study of 90 randomly selected biology papers, searching for and noting any references to software within them [Howison 2016]; Nangia and Katz performed a similar task for three months of Nature articles [Nangia 2017b].
Fully automated methods are as yet unable to match human accuracy in this task; previous efforts have attempted to find mentions of software within free text by looking for keywords, such as “software” or “GitHub”, and then searching nearby for words which look like names i.e. Capitalized or CamelCased words). A full machine learning approach could be developed, but building a comprehensive training corpus will require monumental manual effort, many times the level of that required for the two studies referenced above.
Software itself is perhaps the ultimate source of metrics about software use. Any dependencies that a piece of code relies upon must be formally described, possibly at two levels: in the code itself (‘import’ in python, ‘#include’ in C) and in the language’s package manifest file (‘xyz.gemspec’ in ruby). This means that following the package tree from a particular root will give all the other packages, within that packaging environment, that are used by that software. Limitations of this method are that some languages (e.g. C, Fortran) are lacking central package repositories, and if a piece of software uses multiple languages then this must be detected and multiple searches performed.
Software repositories generally operate at a higher level than code, and are used to store and reference complete software packages. They are often domain specific and may or may not store metadata about software dependencies in them. Examples of such repositories are the Astrophysics Source Code Library (ASCL) and the Digital Research Tools (DiRT) Directory.
Code repositories, such as GitHub, offer further opportunities for detecting software use. In addition to providing direct access to the source code of a project such as code, package manifests and CITATION files, other indicators of usage, such as forks and stars, are also tracked. Both of these are indicators that software is being used by others: following the fork tree will, for example, show where others have taken a software package and extended it; and by looking at the list of people who have “starred” a repository, one might be able to then find further uses of it.
Building on top of all of this are tools that collate information from multiple sources to provide software usage data in one place. Depsy and libraries.io are examples of this.
For some research institutions and publishers, the term “research data” includes software responsible for handling the data. DataCite is one organization that assigns identifiers to datasets. DataCite offers an API (or maybe even a dump) that could help identify such research outputs. Research data repositories hold some data sets including software. Unfortunately, meta repositories like re3data.org do not classify research data repositories that contain software. With the increasing awareness regarding software development, such a classifier might be added in the future.
We are convinced that software is essential to research today, but also believe that we need evidence of this, both to demonstrate it to others and to understand the details of the software use and how it varies over time, over field, and in other ways. The first step to providing this evidence and understanding is to simply find the software, and we hope this blog is informative in providing examples of some initial methods to do so.
| 2019-04-20T12:52:41 |
https://software.ac.uk/blog/2017-12-05-looking-software-use-research
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0.999683 |
The programme is considered a significant element of the satire boom in the UK in the early 1960s. It broke ground in comedy through lampooning the establishment and political figures. Its broadcast coincided with coverage of the politically charged Profumo affair and John Profumo, the politician at the centre of the affair, became a target for derision. TW3 was first broadcast on Saturday, 24 November 1962.
Cast members included cartoonist Timothy Birdsall, political commentator Bernard Levin, and actors Lance Percival, who sang topical calypsos, many improvised to suggestions from the audience, Kenneth Cope, Roy Kinnear, Willie Rushton, Al Mancini, Robert Lang, David Kernan and Millicent Martin. The last two were also singers and the programme opened with a song – That Was The Week That Was – sung by Martin to Ron Grainer's theme tune and enumerating topics in the news. Frankie Howerd also guested with stand-up comedy.
Script-writers included John Albery, John Antrobus, John Betjeman, John Bird, Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Peter Cook, Roald Dahl, Richard Ingrams, Lyndon Irving, Gerald Kaufman, Frank Muir, David Nobbs, Denis Norden, Bill Oddie, Dennis Potter, Eric Sykes, Kenneth Tynan, and Keith Waterhouse.
The programme opened with a song ("That was the week that was, It's over, let it go ...") sung by Millicent Martin, referring to news of the week just gone. Lance Percival sang a topical calypso each week. Satirical targets, such as Prime Minister Harold Macmillan and Home Secretary Henry Brooke were lampooned in sketches, debates and monologues. Other targets were the monarchy, Britain's declining status as a global power, racism (particularly in the American South and South Africa under Apartheid), sexual and social hypocrisy, the class system, and the BBC itself. Well-remembered sketches include a 'consumers' guide to religion', which discussed relative merits of faiths in the manner of a Which? magazine report.
On Saturday, 20 October 1962 the award of Nobel prizes to John Kendrew and Max Perutz, and to Francis Crick, James D. Watson, and Maurice Wilkins was satirised in a short sketch with the prizes referred to as the Alfred Nobel Peace Pools; in this sketch Watson was called "Little J.D. Watson" and "Who'd have thought he'd ever get the Nobel Prize? Makes you think, doesn't it". The germ of the joke was that Watson was only 25 when he helped discover DNA; much younger than the others.
TW3 was broadcast on Saturday night and attracted an audience of 12 million. It often under- or overran as cast and crew worked through material as they saw fit. At the beginning of the second season in the autumn of 1963, in an attempt to assert control over the programme, the BBC scheduled repeats of The Third Man television series after the end of TW3. Frost suggested a means of sabotaging this tactic to Sherrin, and he agreed. For three weeks, Frost read out the plot of The Third Man, until the repeats were abandoned following the direct intervention of the BBCs Director General Hugh Greene.
After two successful series in 1962 and 1963, the programme did not return in 1964. The reason given by the BBC was that 1964 was election year and political material could compromise the corporation's impartiality.
Prime Minister Harold Macmillan was initially supportive, chastising the Postmaster General Reginald Bevins for threatening to "do something about it". However, the BBC received many complaints from organisations and establishment figures. Lord Aldington, vice-chairman of the Conservative Party, wrote to the BBC's director-general Hugh Carleton Greene that Frost had a "hatred" of the Prime Minister, which "he finds impossible to control". The programme also attracted complaints from the Boy Scout Association, upset by an item questioning the sexuality of its founder Lord Baden-Powell, and the government of Cyprus, which claimed a joke about Archbishop Makarios, the country's ruler, was a "gross violation of internationally accepted ethics".
Its subject matter has also been praised. McCann says: "TW3...did its research, thought its arguments through and seemed unafraid of anything or anyone.... Every hypocrisy was highlighted and each contradiction was held up for sardonic inspection. No target was deemed out of bounds: royalty was reviewed by republicans; rival religions were subjected to no-nonsense 'consumer reports'; pompous priests were symbolically defrocked; corrupt businessmen, closet bigots and chronic plagiarists were exposed; and topical ideologies were treated to swingeing critiques."
An American version was on NBC, initially as a pilot episode on 10 November 1963, then as a series from 10 January 1964 to May 1965. The pilot featured Henry Fonda and Henry Morgan, guests Mike Nichols and Elaine May, and supporting performers including Gene Hackman. The recurring cast included Frost, Morgan, Buck Henry and Alan Alda, with Nancy Ames singing the opening song; regular contributors included Gloria Steinem, William F. Brown, Tom Lehrer and Calvin Trillin. The announcer was Jerry Damon. Also a guest was Woody Allen, performing stand-up comedy; the guest star on the final broadcast was Steve Allen. A running gag was a mock feud with Jack Paar, whose own programme followed TW3 on the NBC Friday schedule; Paar repeatedly referred to TW3 as "Henry Morgan's Amateur Hour."
On April 21, 1985 in the United States, the ABC network aired "That Was The Week That Was" as a special, hosted by David Frost (also serving as an executive producer) and Anne Bancroft, and featuring future Saturday Night Live cast members Jan Hooks and A. Whitney Brown and puppetry from Spitting Image.
↑ Stuart Jeffries, "This'll kill you", The Guardian, 16 January 1999, p. B5.
↑ "A British Program Honoring Kennedy Shown Over NBC". The New York Times. 25 November 1963. p. 10.
↑ "BBC marks TW3 anniversary". BBC News. 26 November 2002.
↑ Hastings, Chris (17 June 2007). "Tories helped take TW3 off the air". The Daily Telegraph.
1 2 McCann, Graham (2006). Spike & Co. London: Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 313–314. ISBN 0-340-89809-7.
↑ "TV Trends: Conspicuous Cameras". Image Dissectors. 2010-06-08. Retrieved 2013-09-01.
↑ "• View topic - The Last Sundown for Cinesation: 2013 Fest Report". Nitrateville.com. Retrieved 2014-05-31.
↑ "Lost and Found Sound: The Stories". Npr.org. Retrieved 2014-05-31.
↑ Nijland, Yfke. "'Zo is het toevallig ook nog 's een keer'" (in Dutch). Geschiedenis 24. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
↑ "'THAT WAS THE WEEK THAT WAS (TV)'". Retrieved 5 November 2015.
↑ Watson, Elena M. (2000). Television Horror Movie Hosts: 68 Vampires, Mad Scientists and Other Denizens of the Late Night Airwaves Examined and Interviewed. Jefferson, North Carolina, United States: McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-0940-1. Retrieved 2014-05-31.
| 2019-04-19T16:32:35 |
https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/That_Was_The_Week_That_Was.html
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0.999999 |
A cardinal rule of campaigning for public office, especially as an election draws near, concerns impressions: Generate the positive whenever possible. Avoid the negative like the plague.
Which is why we are as puzzled as every other media outlet in Colorado by Congressman Jared Polis’ decision to skip the Club 20 debates in Grand Junction in September.
[Image:1,mugshot]Club 20, an influential coalition of businesses and local governments from the state’s 22 Western Slope counties, has held highly publicized and well-attended election-year debates on the first Saturday after Labor Day for 30 years. For a candidate to skip out, especially one running for governor, is a genuine surprise.
The Polis campaign defended the decision: Polis has made many appearances on the Western Slope already. He opened his first campaign office in Grand Junction. He will square off against Republican candidate Walker Stapleton in a debate in Grand Junction later this fall. The Club 20 event does not fit their schedule.
But they have had no real defense for the impressions the decision provoked, which are largely negative and centered on a cynical view that Polis doesn’t need Western Slope votes to win in November because he will have so much support from the Front Range. So why bother with Club 20?
The Stapleton campaign and its conservative supporters have had a field day with that notion. Compass Colorado summed it up in the worst way, in a release, suggesting that Polis is running to be the governor of Denver and Boulder, not Colorado.
Polis then doubled down on the negative impression by choosing Lt. Governor Donna Lynne to take his place at the debate. Club 20 promptly refused, and rightly so. This is not meant to disparage Lynne. She has done a fine job in office – but she was not a factor in the Democratic primary.
Attendees of the Club 20 debate and voters on this side of the Continental Divide want to hear from candidate Polis, not his proxy, and some have viewed the substitution as an insult added to injury. If Jared Polis can ignore us during the campaign, the thinking goes, he will find it easy to do the same if elected.
Polis may be skipping the debate for another reason. While Club 20 has a venerable tradition in hosting its debate, it has an equally dependable tradition of supporting more conservative candidates. There are many voters in Southwest Colorado who will tell you that as far as elections go, Club 20’s influence is negligible, even outdated, and that the organization does not represent their interests. Call it a “Catch 20,” if you will, but Polis may think his campaign will fare worse by attending.
We can see the point, but we can’t support it. Much better to view the debate as a challenge, a chance to impress both club members and the voting public with his ideas and his view of Colorado’s future.
Change your mind. Prepare for the debate. Show up and convince Club 20 and all the state’s voters – on the Western Slope, the Front Range and the Eastern Plains – that you are the best man for the job.
| 2019-04-19T08:48:00 |
https://durangoherald.com/articles/238022-democratic-candidate-for-governor-should-change-his-mind-on-debate
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0.999888 |
prop 8. musical done! joining a choir?
Last week California's Prop 8 was ruled unconstitutional by a federal judge. Hooray! I read the entire ruling (warning: 138 page pdf) and it's pretty convincing - the judge ruled that laws that discriminate against gays are subject to strict scrutiny, while Prop 8 doesn't even meet the rational basis test.
I followed along with the trial and it seemed pretty clear that our side would win - David Boies and Ted Olson (i.e. the head lawyers for Bush and Gore in Bush v. Gore) are fantastic lawyers, and the other side called very few witnesses which were easily discredited. I'm not sure what the rules are on appeal if the other side can "substitute in" other lawyers, but if the case goes all the way to the Supreme Court (as many expect) I think we have a decent shot at winning!
Ted Olson was on Fox News this weekend and it was very much a Nixon going to China moment - he explained very succinctly the case for gay marriage. I know he's been a conservative stalwart but he earned a lifetime pass from me with his work on the case.
- Austin Civic Chorus - I was in the Austin Civic Chorus when I first moved to Austin. I liked the kind of music they sing, but I don't really know anyone in it, and I vaguely remember not liking the director, although that was a while ago and maybe I'm misremembering. Also, auditions are very soon and I may have missed my chance already. The Civic Chorus itself requires $180 dues (!) and their concerts aren't free, which makes me a little unhappy.
- Capital City Men's Chorus - I know at least a few people in it from the summer musical, and it looks like a fun group. The music seems to vary wildly in genre.
- Austin Singers - never heard of these folks before, but they do music I like. Rehearsals are Mondays 7-9:30 - kinda long and downtown.
- Conspirare - good group but looks a little serious/"too good" for what I'm interested in. They have a professional choir as well as a volunteer one, so maybe the volunteer one would be OK? To audition you have to submit a resume and they'll let you know, which honestly sounds kind of intimidating.
- River City Pops - I know some people in it from the summer musical, but the music they sing is, well, pop, and there's dancing involved which isn't really my cup of tea.
I've done Austin Singers a few times and went to one of their more recent concerts. Frankly, my current church choir is a little bit better than what I saw there. They're good folk, though.
One thing not on your list: it sounds like David Stevens will be looking for more people for two performances in the fall: the Durufle requiem and for Handel's Messiah with the Austin Symphony this fall. Let me know if you want details. It might be possible to weave this in with another choir, but I'm not sure.
I know a few people in Conspirare. The Professional choir is truly impressive and you really do have to be a professional for it. You're at least on par with the few people that I know in the volunteer choir. Don't let the audition intimidate you!
-David Stevens being an excellent, excellent choir director.
!!! The Durufle requiem is like my most favorite piece ever! Send me details!
Ditto on the awesomeness of David Stevens. He always has room for "Friends of St David's" in his choruses.
YOU ABSOLUTELY SHOULD JOIN THE ST. DAVID'S COMPLINE CHOIR!!
It's super amazing, and led by David Stevens. The music is a capella sacred music, mostly early English. The choir meets at 7 pm on Sunday nights and sings a half-hour compline service at 9 pm. There are no other rehearsals, and you don't have to commit to attending every week.
I sang with this choir for 2-1/2 years and it was the most meaningful and rewarding music experience I've ever had.
Whoops! Didn't mean for that to be anonymous.
Ah - I knew there was someone else who had sung with him!
Have you seen prop 8 the musical?
Also, there is a Gilbert & Sullivan Society somewhere in town. One of the gals from RCP (Stephanie Blackwood) was in it for a while.
| 2019-04-24T22:18:41 |
https://gregstoll.dyndns.org/sampleljbackup/posts/334468.html
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0.998998 |
Would all those folks who so revel in calling folks like me "anti-science" (Dr. Michael Mann being foremost among them) please stop using cooling tower steam plumes as an illustration of CO2 production? Not only is steam not pollution (though it sortof kindof can be made to look like it if you photoshop it right), but the cooling towers so often featured in these shots are not even emitting combustion products at all.
Did CLOUD Just Rain on the Global Warming Parade?
Today in Forbes, I have an article bringing the layman up to speed on Henrik Svensmark and this theory of cosmic ray cloud seeding. Since his theory helped explain some 20th century warming via natural effects rather than anthropogenic ones, he and fellow researchers have face an uphill climb even getting funding to test his hypothesis. But today, CERN in Geneva has released study results confirming most of Svensmark's hypothesis, though crucially, it is impossible to infer from this work how much of 20th century temperature changes can be traced to the effect (this is the same problem global warming alarmists face -- CO2 greenhouse warming can be demonstrated in a lab, but its hard to figure out its actual effect in a complex climate system).
Much of the debate revolves around the role of the sun, and though holding opposing positions, both skeptics and alarmists have had good points in the debate. Skeptics have argued that it is absurd to downplay the role of the sun, as it is the energy source driving the entire climate system. Michael Mann notwithstanding, there is good evidence that unusually cold periods have been recorded in times of reduced solar activity, and that the warming of the second half of the 20th century has coincided with a series of unusually strong solar cycles.
Global warming advocates have responded, in turn, that while the sun has indeed been more active in the last half of the century, the actual percentage change in solar irradiance is tiny, and hardly seems large enough to explain measured increases in temperatures and ocean heat content.
And thus the debate stood, until a Danish scientist named Henrik Svensmark suggested something outrageous -- that cosmic rays might seed cloud formation. The implications, if true, had potentially enormous implications for the debate about natural causes of warming.
When the sun is very active, it can be thought of as pushing away cosmic rays from the Earth, reducing their incidence. When the sun is less active, we see more cosmic rays. This is fairly well understood. But if Svensmark was correct, it would mean that periods of high solar output should coincide with reduced cloud formation (due to reduced cosmic race incidence), which in turn would have a warming effect on the Earth, since less sunlight would be reflected back into space before hitting the Earth.
Here was a theory, then, that would increase the theoretical impact on climate of an active sun, and better explain why solar irradiance changes might be underestimating the effect of solar output changes on climate and temperatures.
I go on to discuss the recent CERN CLOUD study and what it has apparently found.
Regular readers will have no doubts about my skepticism of the theory of catastrophic man-made global warming. In particular, in these pages and at Climate Skeptic, I have repeatedly criticized the details of Michael Mann's work on the hockey stick. I won't repeat those issues today, though some of the past articles are indexed here.
[As an aside, this is actually NOT what Mann's hockey stick work purports to show. The point of the hockey stick is to make the case that historic temperatures before 1850 were incredibly stable and flat, and thus recent increases of 0.6-0.8C over the last 150 years are unprecedented in comparison. His research added nothing to our knowledge about recent warming, it was on focused on pre-industrial warming. The same folks that say with confidence the science is settled don't even understand it].
For those frustrated with just how bad Mann's work is and upset at the incredible effort to protect this work from criticism or scrutiny by hiding key data (as documented in the East Anglia climategate emails), I know it must feel good to get some sort of public retribution. But the potential precedent here of bringing up scientists on charges essentially for sloppy or incorrect work is awful.
Bad science happens all the time, completely absent any evil conspiracies. Human nature is to see only the data that confirms ones hypotheses and, if possible, to resists scrutiny and criticism. This happens all the time in science and if we started hauling everyone into court or into a Senate committee, we have half of academia there (and then likely the other half when the party in power changed). Team politics are a terrible disease and the last thing we need is to drag them any further into science and academia.
Science will eventually right itself, and what is needed is simply the time and openness to allow adversarial scrutiny and replication within academia to run its course. Seriously, are we next going to drag the cold fusion guys in to court? How about all the folks in the geology field that resisted plate tectonics for so long. Will we call to account the losers in the string theory debate?
Ensure that state funding is distributed in a way to support a rich dialog on multiple sides of contested scientific issues.
Believe it or not, I am not going to update on the CRU emails. The insights into the science process are illuminating, and confirm much that we have suspected, but faults in transparency do not automatically win the game -- they lead to [hopefully] future transparency which then allows for better criticism and/or replication of the work.
My frustration today is a recent article in Scientific American [with the lofty academic title "Seven Answers to Climate Contrarian Nonsense"] which purports to shoot down the seven key skeptics arguments. Many others have shown how the author does not do a very good job of shooting down these seven, but that is not my main frustration. The problem is that, like many of the global warming myth buster articles like this, the author completely fails to address the best, core arguments of skeptics, preferring to snipe around at easier prey at the margins.
In this post, I discuss his article and suggest 7 better propositions alarmists should, but never do, address.
You can see discussion of all of these in my recent lecture, on video here.
Don't have 90 minutes? Richard Lindzen of MIT has a great summary in the WSJ that mirrors a lot of what I delve into in my video.
Claim A: Nearly every scientist, skeptic and alarmist alike, agree that the first order warming from CO2 is small. Catastrophic forecasts that demand immediate government action are based on a second theory that the climate temperature system is dominated by positive feedback. There is little understanding of these feedbacks, at least in their net effect, and no basis for assuming feedbacks in a long-term stable system are strongly net positive. As a note, the claim is that the net feedbacks are not positive, so demonstration of single one-off positive feedbacks, like ice albedo, are not sufficient to disprove this claim. In particular, the role of the water cycle and cloud formation are very much in dispute.
Claim B: At no point have climate scientists ever reconciled the claims of the dendroclimatologists like Michael Mann that world temperatures were incredibly stable for thousands of years before man burned fossil fuels with the claim that the climate system is driven by very high net positive feedbacks. There is nothing in the feedback assumptions that applies uniquely to CO2 forcing, so these feedbacks, if they exist today, should have existed in the past and almost certainly have made temperatures highly variable, if not unstable.
Claim C: On its face, the climate model assumptions (including high positive feedbacks) of substantial warming from small changes in CO2 are inconsistent with relatively modest past warming. Scientists use what is essentially an arbitrary plug variable to handle this, assuming anthropogenic aerosols have historically masked what would be higher past warming levels. The arbitrariness of the plug is obvious given that most models include a cooling effect of aerosols in direct proportion to their warming effect from CO2, two phenomenon that should not be linked in nature, but are linked if modelers are trying to force their climate models to balance. Further, since aerosols are short lived and only cover about 10% of the globe's surface in any volume, nearly heroic levels of cooling effects must be assumed, since it takes 10C of cooling from the 10% area of effect to get 1C cooling in the global averages.
Claim D: The key issue is the effect of CO2 vs. other effects in the complex climate system. We know CO2 causes some warming in a lab, but how much on the real earth? The main evidence climate scientists have is that their climate models are unable to replicate the warming from 1975-1998 without the use of man-made CO2 -- in other words, they claim their models are unable to replicate the warming with natural factors alone. But these models are not anywhere near good enough to be relied on for this conclusion, particularly since they admittedly leave out any number of natural factors, such as ocean cycles and longer term cycles like the one that drove the little ice age, and admit to not understanding many others, such as cloud formation.
Claim E: There are multiple alternate explanations for the 1975-1998 warming other than manmade CO2. All likely contributed (along with CO2) but it there is no evidence to give most of the blame to Co2. Other factors include ocean cycles (this corresponded to a PDO warm phase), the sun (this corresponded to the most intense period of the sun in the last 100 years), mankind's land use changes (driving both urban heating effects as well as rural changes with alterations in land use), and a continuing recovery from the Little Ice Age, perhaps the coldest period in the last 5000 years.
Claim F: Climate scientists claim that the .4-.5C warming from 1975-1998 cannot have been caused natural variations. This has never been reconciled with the fact that the 0.6C warming from 1910 to 1940 was almost certainly due mostly to natural forces. Also, the claim that natural forcings could not have caused a 0.2C per decade warming in the 80's and 90's cannot be reconciled with the the current claimed natural "masking" of anthropogenic warming that must be on the order of 0.2C per decade.
Claim G: Climate scientists are embarrassing themselves in the use of the word "climate change." First, the only mechanism ever expressed for CO2 to change climate is via warming. If there is no warming, then CO2 can't be causing climate change by any mechanism anyone has ever suggested. So saying that "climate change is accelerating" (just Google it) when warming has stopped is disingenuous, and a false marketing effort to try to keep the alarm ringing. Second, the attempts by scientists who should know better to identify weather events at the tails of the normal distribution and claim that these are evidence of a shift in the mean of the distribution is ridiculous. There are no long term US trends in droughts or wet weather, nor in global cyclonic activity, nor in US tornadoes. But every drought, hurricane, flood, or tornado is cited as evidence of accelerating climate change (see my ppt slide deck for the data). This is absurd.
| 2019-04-23T15:53:44 |
https://coyoteblog.com/coyote_blog/tag/michael-mann
|
0.999212 |
They were easy to install and worked perfectly! Very happy that I was able to find a quality set of ink cartridges for my Epson printer without them being way over priced! Thanks GSK!!!
They work great in my Epson printer. I have no issues with them. The materials I print are coming out perfectly fine and I saved a lot of $$$.
This ink for the price has been a great buy. I only note that sometimes the "black" ink with blurr/ blead more so than what I would notice with the actual HP ink replacement .
I will continue to purchase this ink.
I highly recommend this company because purchasing their cartridges will save you a lot of money. They are easy to install and work like the original cartridges. So far I am happy with the printing quality.
I have used these ink tanks approximately 1 month now and so far they seem to be working as well as the manufacturers ink tanks. No negatives so far.
Just what i needed. Good ink at a reasonable price for once. Printer shows that its not factory ink....but it works well and costs less....how can you lose?
I installed and have used these ink cartridges and they work great. Epson printer does display warnings about not detecting/using genuine cartridges but they work great and what a cost savings!!
So far so good! They were easy to install and my Epson printer is working fine. I have tried others in the past and have not been so lucky.
I've ordered this product before but only color, this time I also ordered the black. I love the product, produces the same if not better than oem, and the price is spectacular, you can not beat it. I will continue ordering from them, as long as I have a printer, they will be my go to every time, and I highly recommend.
| 2019-04-24T21:45:47 |
http://gskink.com/review_p0001/
|
0.998709 |
The House easily passed a measure on Tuesday to give lawmakers through the end of July to figure out how to pass President Obama's trade agenda.
The extension, attached onto a "rule" establishing parameters for floor debate on an unrelated intelligence authorization bill, sailed through on a vote of 236-189.
Speaker John Boehner John Andrew BoehnerTrump appears alongside Ocasio-Cortez on Time 100 list Resurrecting deliberative bodies Trump's decision on health care law puts spotlight on Mulvaney MORE (R-Ohio) set up a process last week allowing the House to conduct a do-over of the failed vote on aid for workers displaced by trade deals, known as Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA). Under House rules, the chamber would have had to vote again by Tuesday absent an extension.
The House can now vote again on trade anytime through July 30 under the current extension. Congress is expected to be in recess throughout the entire month of August.
Unlike last week, the latest House procedural vote on trade passed easily with only six conservatives voting against it. Three Democrats voted for the rule in a departure from what is usually a partisan roll call: Reps. Brad Ashford (Neb.), Jim Cooper (Tenn.) and Jim Costa (Calif.).
The six Republicans in opposition to Tuesday's rule were Reps. Justin Amash Justin AmashBipartisan group asks DHS, ICE to halt deportations of Iraqi nationals Overnight Defense: House votes to end US support for Yemen war | Vote expected to force Trump's second veto of presidency | More Russian troops may head to Venezuela | First 'Space Force' hearing set for next week House ignores Trump veto threat, approves bill ending US support for Yemen war MORE (Mich.), Mo Brooks Morris (Mo) Jackson BrooksPoll: Roy Moore leading Alabama GOP field Alabama Holocaust Commission condemns GOP lawmaker's use of Hitler phrase 'big lie' Trump loyalist Gaetz eyes Senate bid in Alabama MORE (Ala.), Louie Gohmert Louis (Louie) Buller GohmertHillicon Valley: Facebook, Google face tough questions on white nationalism | Nielsen's exit raisers cyber worries | McConnell calls net neutrality bill 'dead on arrival' | Facebook changes terms for EU data Republicans offer 'free market alternative' to paid family leave YouTube shuts down comments on House hearing on white nationalism over hateful remarks MORE (Texas), Walter Jones (N.C.), Thomas Massie (Ky.) and Bill Posey (Fla.).
The rule setting up floor debate for the trade package last week nearly derailed after 34 Republicans, mostly conservatives unhappy with the way the bills were structured. It established separate votes on the job aid bill as well as Trade Promotion Authority (TPA), giving Obama fast-track powers. Eight pro-trade Democrats ultimately crossed party lines to save the measure.
Votes on rules are tests of party discipline. Even members of the minority party who support the underlying legislation usually vote against the rule.
| 2019-04-18T10:23:26 |
https://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/house/245141-house-votes-to-extend-trade-fight-into-july
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0.99877 |
How to free increase size of disk partition on Windows 8? You usually need to increase size of partition when there is no enough free space for data storage or Windows 8 reports low disk space warning on system partition. Simply say, when you encounter the problem that any partition is running out of disk space on Windows 8, you can increase size of this partition to avoid causing further problem due to low disk space. Then, how can you increase partition size on Windows 8?
One situation that you need to increase partition on Windows 8 is that Windows 8 frequently shows low disk space on C drive. As the system partition on your computer, it is important to ensure that C drive has enough available space if you do not want to run into any trouble. Therefore, Windows 8 will report low disk space alert when system partition runs out of disk space. If you receive the low disk space alert message on system partition when booting your computer or at any other time, it means that you had better increase the size of the system partition.
Windows 8 usually does not report low disk space warning if it is a data volume that runs on low disk space, but you can see that the data volume shows red bar in My Computer on Windows 8. Usually, it does not cause any further problem when a data volume is running out of disk space, but you may fail to save more data since there is insufficient free space on the partition that shows red bar. If any partition shows red bar on Windows 8, you had better check if there is enough free space on this partition when you want to save any data to this partition.
In order to check the free space on a partition, you just need to: right click the partition > select "Properties" > check the "Free Space" and "Used space"
How to Increase Size of Partition in Windows 8?
You can increase size of system partition or data partition on Windows 8.
1. You can open Windows 8 Disk Management and then shrink a partition that has enough free space. You just need to right click a partition on that has much free space and then select "Shrink Volume" so as to squeeze some unallocated space from the selected partition.
2. You can also rely on Windows 8 partition software IM-Magic Partition Resizer Free to squeeze some unallocated space from a partition that has much free space.
Tip: You can only squeeze unallocated space from the partition on the same hard disk.
If the unallocated space is right behind the partition you want to extend, you can ignore this step. If the unallocated space is not contiguous to the partition that needs to be expanded, you can run IM-Magic Partition Resizer Free to move the unallocated space close to the partition you want to extend.
Now, you still have two choices to add unallocated space to system partition or data partition on Windows 8 to increase the size of partition.
1. Right click the system partition (or data partition) you want to extend under Windows 8 Disk Management and then select "Extend Volume" to add the unallocated space to the selected partition.
2. Right click the partition on IM-Magic Partition Resizer Free and select "Resize / Move" option to add the unallocated space to the partition you want to increase.
| 2019-04-24T05:07:57 |
https://www.resize-c.com/howto/increase-partition-size-on-windows-8.html
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0.999998 |
What were Isaac Newton's contributions in chemistry?
Newton was extremely sensitive to criticism, and even ceased publishing until the death of his arch-rival. In mathematics, Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of the differential and integral calculus. In 1705 he was knighted by Queen Anne, and thus became Sir Isaac Newton. How Isaac Newton Worked s. He was born in England on December 25, 1643. The three laws of motion were critical to the evolution of the sciences because they introduced new ways of understanding phenomena in the natural world. Simply put: He's kind of a big deal.
What Are the Contributions of Isaac Newton?
He also shares credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of calculus. His work and discoveries were not limited to mathematics; he also developed theories in optics and gravitation. Newton's ideas were so good that Queen Anne knighted him in 1705. Baby Isaac was born so premature that is was said he could fit into a quart pot. The equation for the velocity of sound : Newton also made a major contribution to the calculation of velocity of sound.
. Though there was a long scientific controversy between Newton and German mathematician Gottfried Leibniz over who invented calculus, modern historians believe that they both invented it independently. He made key fundamental contributions to mathematics and physics. But Newton's fame also brought him some enemies. And also completely eliminated the heliocentric model that held that the sun was in the center of the Universe. You know, the apple falls on his head, and badda-boom, badda-bing, he 'discovers' gravity. In contrast, Newton succeeded; but Hooke wanted some of the credit.
From 1670 to 1672, he lectured at the University of Cambridge on optics and investigated the refraction of light, demonstrating that the multicolored spectrum produced by a prism could be recomposed into white light by a lens and a second prism. After Hooke's death, a great number of his published works went missing from a library very few had ac … cess to and Newton was one of those selected individuals. He was also a well-known mathematician, and taught mathematics at the University of Cambridge. It is a body that is allowed to manufacture coins in the United Kingdom. The principles expounded by Newton were even applied to the social sciences, influencing the economic theories of Adam Smith and the decision to make the United States legislature bicameral. Newton theorized that the rate of fall was proportional to the strength of the gravitational force and that this force fell off according to the square of the distance to Earth.
The law of conservation of momentum can be demonstrated using a device known as the Newton's cradle. By the end of 1675 Newton worked out the corpuscular or emission theory of light, and showed how it would account for all the various phenomena of geometrical optics, such as reflection, refraction, colours, diffraction, etc. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Why is Newton's work so significant? This effectively removed the last doubts about the validity of the heliocentric model of the cosmos which argued that the Sun not the Earth was at the center of the planetary system. Day Two Organize and compile the information into at least three scientific categories.
He attacked Newton for stealing his ideas and maintained a lifelong enmity, clearly founded on jealousy. He is considered to have contributed more to science than any other person. Strange but True: Earth Is Not Round 2007. Mention that Newton has made many accomplishments to the world of math and science. This book is regarded as one of the most significant literary works in science. Catch a falling apple: Isaac Newton and myths of genius.
He made key fundamental contributions to mathematics and physics. He discovered that color is an outcome of objects reflecting light. In 1665, Newton returned home because Cambridge was closed on account of plague. Newton raged, and claimed that he had originaly discovered calculus, which he … had, and responded by publishing a partial calculus formula in 1693 and a full formula in 1704. His mother had become a widow two months before Isaac was born. His uncle who attended Cambridge College detected a scholar in Newton, and he urged him to go to Cambridge.
For the first basic explanation of this he assumed a linear plane, one in which all forces act in only one direction. His family was poor and his parents farmed for a living. His methodology produced a neat balance between theoretical and experimental inquiry and between the mathematical and mechanical approaches. Find at least one virtual field trip that takes you on a tour about Isaac Newton's life and contributions. At school, Newton was interested in constructing mechanical devices. That is, when these forces act on a body and produce movement. Laws born in the plague The common image of Isaac Newton is that of a white-haired scientist crouched at the base of a tree.
Newton also helped confirm Nicolaus Copernicus' heliocentric view of the universe; heliocentric means 'sun-centered. After Newton proved himself to be an awful farmer, he returned to his studies and soon entered a University in Cambridge. He almost became a farmer but he turned out to be a bad one. It is now believed that both developed the theories of Calculus independently, both with very different notations. He was a scientist who lived in the 1600's - 1700's.
| 2019-04-23T04:30:47 |
http://mumbles.co.uk/isaac-newton-and-his-contribution-to-science.html
|
0.999567 |
While I spend my summer holidays running a 17th Century pharmacy at a castle located right on the northeastern border of both NATO and the EU, during the rest of the year I'm more likely to be found teaching about that same century to children of a linguistic minority in Estonia's largest majority Russian-speaking city. My name is Tanel Mazur, and I am a history teacher at Narva Estonian Upper Secondary School (NEG).
I teach a total of 20 lessons per week, and what time I wake up each morning depends on when my first lesson of the day is. One day a week, on Fridays, my first lesson is the first lesson of the day, and so I wake up at 7 in the morning in order to be in the classroom and ready to teach by 8:30. My first cup of coffee is usually at the school.
At home, however, there are two main questions that need to be answered first. Number one: am I walking or taking a cab to the school? That depends on the weather and how much time I have. Second: I check my schedule — what classes do I have, what ages, and what topics are we covering? Then I choose my t-shirt accordingly. I usually connect my shirt to the subject matter of at least one of my lessons that day. On Wednesday, for example, I wore a red and yellow "Save Christiania" t-shirt that I had bought during one of my three visits to the famous Copenhagen commune; it tied in to discussions we had in our grade 12 civics class about discrimination and various liberties, and to what degree liberties are allowed.
NEG, Narva's only Estonian-language upper secondary school, currently has a total of 170 students from grades 1-12, and I teach grades 4-12, or from around age 10 and up — mostly history, but also media and civics lessons as well.
Our student body can more or less be divided into three categories: 100% Estonians, so to speak, whose parents are both Estonian, who are often from the suburbs surrounding the city and not the city itself, and who account for the rare children who speak no Russian at all; the second third consists of mixed Russian-Estonian families; the final third is made up of monolingual Russian-speaking families — plus everyone else. NEG is the school attended by all small minorities represented in the city, including Chinese, Finnish and French, for example. We're a bit of a catch-all school in that regard, because we have the knowledge and experience of teaching in different languages. Between all of the teachers, we also speak quite a number of languages fluently as well — on top of the standard Estonian, Russian and English.
All lessons are 45 minutes in length, with ten-minute breaks between lessons. The school day also includes two canteen breaks of 20 minutes each. The school day begins at 8:30, and the 8th and final lesson of the day ends at exactly 4 in the afternoon. Class sizes currently range from 8 to 20 children; grade 12 is the smallest right now, as many students end up going to top schools in Tallinn or Tartu for their upper secondary years.
I teach both Estonian and world history. As I tell people, I have to teach the whole history of the world across all the seas and oceans and through all times. According to the Estonian curriculum, you go through all periods of Estonian history — from ancient to medieval, the Enlightenment Period, and the 20th Century — and reach modern day in grade 9. Then it begins again. In three years, you have to work through it all again, and this time on a new level — not just learning facts but, as described by the name of the textbook series, the "People, Society and Culture." The textbooks assume you already know the main historical facts and figures, then builds on this knowledge, painting a broader picture.
The saddest thing about the curriculum is that you don't have nearly any time to teach about Asia or Africa. Or South America. Or Australia. Okay, there is one fact — someone travelled to Australia for the first time. Then we forget about it until 1939, when they entered World War II along with Great Britain. And that's the second time we hear about Australia in the curriculum. Same thing with Asia — there is very little in the curriculum about it. Maybe two or three lessons about Ancient Asia, then you forget about it until Marco Polo. Then the next you hear about it is the Boston Tea Party and the following rise of tea clippers, because you have to explain what the tea clippers even were. But even that is only brought up in its North American context. As for African history, there's a huge part about Egypt, sure. And some stuff about the Roman Empire, and the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. But then you forget about the entire continent until World War II. It's worth noting that I can diversify the curriculum, but there is so much to cover and there just isn't enough time!
I need a lot of up-to-date information for my civics and media lessons, so I constantly have to read the news, including during breaks between lessons, to know what is going on — local news, national news here in Estonia, and world news. Including politics. Quite often, the subject of the lesson is connected to what is going on in the news; we don't rely on old textbooks for these lessons. We try to encourage regular media consumption. Most information people receive today comes from headlines — especially headlines in social media. But they don't know what's behind the headlines. They are sure they know everything at that point, and feel there is no need to click on the article. So our first job is to make them actually open and read the article as well. Every week, we also take one lesson to do an overview of the past week, and decide together what the three most important news stories were in Estonia, and what the three most important news stories were internationally, and why these stories were so important. Sometimes it's something from the yellow press, and sometimes it's something sports-related, but mostly it's just issues covered in the standard news. We take these topics, discuss why we think they were important, and through this encourage them to consume media consciously.
For lunch, I try to make it to Cafe Muna, which is located in the University of Tartu's Narva College building not far away. Canteen breaks, as I mentioned, are only 20 minutes long, and you may or may not be able to make it over there, eat, and make it back in that time. So sometimes I pack a sandwich along for lunch, although that means I have to make time in the morning to make them.
Lessons continue after lunch. On Wednesday, I took one of my classes to the nearby Narva Art Gallery for a lesson. We looked at the portraits of various important figures together, most of whom were connected to Narva somehow, and I described the significance of various symbols and details included in the portraits. At the end of the lesson, I assigned them a project to be completed in pairs — they had two weeks to research and prepare presentations, including five slides, on an assigned historical figure whose portrait was included in the collection at the gallery. The figures were all more or less known rulers of the Russian Empire, so it's quite an easy assignment.
That being said, simply reading the Estonian-language Wikipedia article about the person will not suffice; they will have to use their other language skills as well. As the subjects are well-known historical figures, there will be plenty of material in Russian and English on them, and since they are from the Russian Empire, then Russian would be the logical choice for additional sources. Thus you end up having to use the languages you are learning at school to complete this assignment. This integration of multiple languages usually begins at the upper secondary level, or grades 9-12, but among our children, everyone is at least bilingual as a rule.
Those few students who don't speak Russian typically speak English very well. And English is one of our strongest subjects at NEG; we usually earn first place in city language contests, and our pupils who graduate with a C or even C- in English will sometimes head to university and then be kicked out of English classes there, being asked, "Why are you even here? You don't need to come here anymore; you are fluent already!" But for our teachers, they may have been a C- student at best. We have very high standards in that regard.
Projects such as the one I assigned this week are a great opportunity to integrate various subjects that the students are learning. In order to create the slides, they have to use Powerpoint or similar software, and as the presentations have to be given in proper Estonian, it is good language practice. The content of presentation has to be historically correct as well, requiring them to review their facts and figures, and last but not least, the oral presentation itself is good practice in speaking, as they may not simply write everything they want to say on the slides. It is actually forbidden to use more than five words per slide; they are meant to illustrate your presentation, not the other way around.
On that note, I do not give homework as busywork on principle. The children are given a worksheet to work on during the lesson, and if you don't manage to complete it, you have to take it home and finish it there before turning it in the next day. But if you are stuck doing that, then that is your problem, because everyone is given plenty of time to work on it during the lesson, and most students manage to complete it during class. If I'm going to give them any assignments, such as the project I assigned them this week, they have to have an actual purpose.
Part of my school day also involves dealing with my grade 7 class — I listen to their problems, or hear from other teachers, or get calls from their parents. Every day there is something to discuss. Late last year, their head teacher died, and as I was available, I took over as their head teacher the very same day. That was a month and a half ago already. The children are 13 and 14 years old, which is a difficult age, but we've developed a good connection, which is something that has made me very happy recently. I will remain their head teacher until they graduate, so I really hope this positive relationship will continue.
I myself am actually a native of Tartu, and ended up in Narva somewhat by chance. Like many others, I came here on the invite of Katri Raik, who is now serving as Estonia's Minister of the Interior. I first came together with a friend who already had a job in Narva, and was only supposed to stay for a couple of days. I ended up staying, and did some odd-jobs for Narva College, and within half a year I was offered a job teaching history at NEG. While I still actually haven't completed my degree yet, I was a history major at the University of Tartu. I began teaching at the school in September 2002 — so 17 years ago as of this upcoming autumn.
Two years later; I was also offered a job by Narva Museum; a vacancy had opened up in one of the workshops at the castle's Northern Yard, and so I decided to establish a medieval pharmacy, where I play the role of an apothecary for three months every summer. In that regard, I'm actually on holidays all year round — for nine months I am on holidays from my pharmacy job, and for three months every summer I am on holidays from my teaching job. I actually also hand-pick my "apprentices" at the pharmacy from among my students. They are all boys, as girls would never have been allowed to work in such a position in the 17th Century; girls work at other workshops at Northern Yard.
Depending on my schedule for the day, the school day usually ends for me around 2 or 3 in the afternoon, as early as 12:10 on Fridays, but never any later than 4. After work, it depends. Quite often, I head over to the Northern Yard, to my pharmacy, as there is always something to do, fix or clean. Sometimes I cook dinner there, as the kitchen there — which is located behind a wall, so customers don't see a modern kitchen in a medieval setting — is better equipped than the tiny one in my rental flat. Once a week, our Northern Yard Club also gets together, although rarely on site. The club is unofficial, the result of an attempt to set up a Rotary Club but its members realizing we don't have much to gain from paying dues and so on simply in order to be granted the right to use their logo. But our little club includes members from a variety of walks of life, and we are still involved in various projects. Last year, we were even among the organisations to formally invite President Kersti Kaljulaid to come work in Narva.
Once or twice a week, I also have to go to a bookshop. Usually, one of these trips will be to a regular bookshop, and the other will be to a second-hand bookshop. As a result, I don't even really have any room left to keep all my books anymore. I have a lot of books — around 5-6,000. A month ago I finally received a set of custom, personalised barcodes I had ordered for my books. Some of my books are still in boxes in storage, but when I bring books home, I add them to my electronic catalogue — and now I add barcodes to them as well. This is helpful because I loan out quite a lot of my books, to either other teachers, students, or friends; I have quite a list of "customers." This is actually why I ordered the barcodes, so I can better keep track of what I have loaned out to whom. I am a very generous library, however, and don't charge late fees — or, if anything, two beers from adults. Most of the books are related to history, or connected somehow to my pharmacy at the castle — including books about herbs and spices, and the history of medicine. I also collect Estonian cookbooks, and Soviet-era maps and tourist brochures from former Soviet territories; my collection currently includes some 1,000 items. So much material was produced during the Soviet era that I can continue collecting these items for years to come.
I am also involved in journalism to a degree. As a child I attended Tallinn School No. 21, and after finishing grade 12 in night school and graduating, I didn't go straight to university. I worked as a sound engineer for Estonian Television for two or three years, and then worked for a computer company for another couple of years. It wasn't the biggest computer company in Estonia, but working on the advertising side, we started staying it was the biggest, and within three years this came to be true.
When I first arrived in Narva, alongside my teaching job, I also ran a local Estonian-language weekly called the Narva Postiljon ("Narva Carrier"). It was just four pages, black and white, with a print run of 300, but we had a subscriber in Sweden and another in the US. It was a labour of love; I was the only employee. But we had friendly relations with the Russian-language local paper Narvskaya Gazeta, and would translate Russian-language local news for our paper and translate Estonian-language news for Gazeta. I kept this up for four years, but it was exhausting, and I didn't receive any financial help. It produced zero income; it was really a labour of love. But it led to contacts with various Estonian papers, primarily the daily Eesti Päevaleht (EPL), and at some point I ended up their local correspondent in Narva. At one point I was running this ring of 20 correspondents in turn for very local news for a column literally called the "Village News"; they'd all send their news to me, and I as the editor would pick and choose what would be included. I didn't actually have to do much in that regard; it was published every Saturday, and if by Thursday I didn't have enough material together, I'd start calling them up. It actually worked quite well. But then the financial crisis hit, and the column was cut for financial reasons. They tried to keep me on as a freelance correspondent, but I told them, "Sorry, I'm not your freelance correspondent. I'm a freelance correspondent."
To this day, I still get calls from journalists. Sometimes it's someone from an Estonian paper or TV or radio news with quick questions or fact-checks, and sometimes I'm asked to comment on local issues, but other times it's foreign media. I have a related side hustle as a tour guide of sorts, providing custom tours based on what my clients want. It's not the cheapest, but I put a lot of work into them. One time, my clients were three American generals and the Estonian officials accompanying them, and the subject was World War II on the banks of the Narva River. And so I found myself guiding them from one bush to another on the riverbank on what is literally now the northeastern border of NATO and the EU — these American generals in their camouflage — somewhere you'd never go otherwise. But it was what interested them.
I get calls from big papers and agencies too, though. You name it, I've worked for them. Over the last two years, I've worked for The New York Times three times. My most recent was for them as well — they were filming for a documentary, and needed a total of just a minute and a half of shots that would speak for themselves. We had to scout out locations that would work for this. The end result would be maybe 20, 30 seconds of shots, but they travelled all the way here. It was two and a half hours of work, and they got what they wanted, and then they flew back to the US the same day. It was a tough, tough schedule. But that's what I can offer.
I grew up between Tartu and Tallinn. I also have a special connection to Kihnu as well, where I would visit my father growing up, but as neither my mother nor my father were natives of the remote Western Estonian island, then I was what they call a "massakas" — a mainlander. Still, everyone there knew who I was, and whose son I was.
By now, however, I have been in Narva for nearly two decades, and it has changed me. I have become more open-minded toward Russian culture. It is a special culture — Russian culture is huge and rich. Before sanctions were introduced, I visited St. Petersburg quite often; it's actually just 150km east of Narva, closer than even Tallinn is to the west. Now I don't really want to visit due to security concerns. I'd like to go, but I don't know what might happen to me, due to my work as a journalist. I once wrote a public letter — or rather, a history lesson — to Putin. You can find it online. But as any culture does, the culture here has enriched me. And I have found it changing me.
I have also made a lot of friends here I would have never met otherwise. And they all have different stories. Some of these stories are connected to everyday political issues, such as citizenship. And they are very good stories. For example, Sergei is the holder of an alien's passport, ie stateless person. He now plans to take the Estonian citizenship exam. But he was initially very against it, saying no, no damn exams, because his grandfather, a Russian, had fought in the Russian Regiment in the Estonian War of Independence — on the Estonian side! And after the war, his grandfather of course wanted to go back home. And home was located just 17m from the Estonian border, on the Russian side. He was repressed in 1937 and, shot behind his own house, killed even closer to the border than that. But it was still not on Estonian territory. So Sergei doesn't have the right to Estonian citizenship by birth. Because of those 17m. Because nobody has said that those who fought on the Estonian side of the War of Independence were eligible for Estonian citizenship; there was never any such law. You hear a lot of stories like that here that you can't in Tallinn or Tartu, and they have a big effect on you.
As for the world in general, it has changed. More specifically, the means of receiving information has changed a lot. When I first moved to Narva, the first social network I joined was Orkut; before that, I was a very active reader of emails, and I didn't have a mobile phone. I got my first phone after moving here. Today I am more of a phone person than an internet person. I use the internet for work a lot, but please leave me alone! If someone sends me a very important email, they also have to call me and tell me to check my email. I'm not a Luddite, though. I had a Nokia 3510 for the longest time, but after it broke I finally caved and got a smartphone. I like it; it's very useful.
But history on the whole just repeats itself. Has the world really changed? I think the amount of hatred and violence is the same as always, because the amount of idiots is the same; it's constant. Information about hatred or instances of violence just get to you much more quickly than it used to, thanks to the internet, smartphones and the 24-hour news cycle.
I'll tell you a historical story that can be considered the dissemination of fake news — which also demonstrates how much more slowly it used to spread. The Pope once received a letter from Estonia, saying that there was a monastery with monks living a life that was absolutely no Christian way to live — they were screwing around and drinking and partying. This letter took half a year to reach the Pope. The Pope read it, and then made some decisions, which took probably another half a year. And he sent a special envoy to Estonia to check out what was going on at that monastery. His trip took one year, and his trip back another year. And the envoy's report — which is included in the Vatican's archives, and public — says that actually, those guys in that monastery in Estonia — you wouldn't believe it, there's nothing like it anywhere in Western Europe. They are so connected to Christ and the Church. Every week they heat up a room, and they beat each other in there with switches of tree branches, and after that they force each other to drink a really nasty, bitter water. They are holy. This is real. Ask Vello Salo; he found it while working at the Vatican.
Me, however, I spend my nights poring over my books as well before bed. And that is often exactly how I fall asleep.
Day in the Life is a weekly series by ERR News telling the stories of everyday Estonians, their livelihoods, and their lives. If you know someone whose story you feel should be told, email us at [email protected].
| 2019-04-20T06:31:17 |
https://news.err.ee/907022/day-in-the-life-tanel-the-history-teacher
|
0.999999 |
Context. The magnetic reconnection in the solar corona results in impulsively generated Alfvén waves, which drive a polar jet. Aims. Using the Hinode/EIS 2′′ spectroscopic observations, we study the intensity, velocity, and full width at half maximum (FWHM) variations of the strongest Fe XII 195.12 Å line along the jet to find the signature of Alfvén waves. We numerically simulate the impulsively generated Alfvén waves within the vertical Harris current sheet, forming the jet plasma flows, and mimicking their observational signatures. Methods. Using the FLASH code and an atmospheric model with an embedded, weakly expanding magnetic field configuration within a vertical Harris current sheet, we solve the 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations to study the evolution of Alfvén waves and vertical flows forming the plasma jet. Results. At a height of ~5 Mm from the base of the jet, the red-shifted velocity component of Fe XII 195.12 Å line attains its maximum (5 km s-1), which converts into a blue-shifted velocity component between the altitude of 5-10 Mm. The spectral intensity continuously increases up to 10 Mm, while the FWHM still exhibits low values with an almost constant trend. This indicates that the reconnection point within the jet's magnetic field topology lies in the corona 5-10 Mm from its footpoint anchored in the Sun's surface. Beyond this height, the FWHM shows a growing trend. This may be the signature of Alfvén waves that impulsively evolve, due to reconnection, and propagate along the jet. From our numerical data, we evaluate space- and time- averaged Alfvén waves velocity amplitudes at different heights in the jet's current sheet, which contribute to the non-thermal motions and spectral line broadening. The synthetic width of Fe XII 195.12 Å line exhibits a similar trend of increment as in the observational data, possibly proving the existence of Alfvén waves, impulsively generated by reconnection, that propagate along the jet. Conclusions. The numerical simulations show that the impulsive perturbations in the transversal component of velocity at the reconnection point can excite the Alfvén waves. These waves can power the plasma jet higher into the polar coronal hole, as vertical plasma flows are also associated with these waves due to pondermotive force. The simulated Alfvén waves match well with the observed non-thermal broadening along the jet, which may provide direct spectroscopic evidence of the impulsively excited Alfvén waves within the polar jet.
| 2019-04-18T18:58:54 |
http://solar.physics.montana.edu/cgi-bin/eprint/index.pl?entry=44510
|
0.998808 |
A US actress who appeared in the anti-Islam film that sparked protests across the Muslim world is suing the film's suspected director.
Cindy Lee Garcia accused Nakoula Basseley Nakoula of duping her into a "hateful" film that she was led to believe was a desert adventure movie.
She is also asking a judge to order YouTube to remove the film.
A clip dubbed into Arabic provoked widespread anger for its mocking portrayal of the Prophet Muhammad.
The film, Innocence of Muslims, has sparked protests across the Middle East, North Africa and as far away as Sri Lanka, with some demonstrations turning into destructive and violent riots.
Four Americans, including Ambassador Chris Stephens, were killed during an attack on the US consulate in Benghazi, Libya.
According to Ms Garcia, the script she received had made no mention of the Prophet Muhammad or made references to religion.
She claims she has received death threats since the video was posted to YouTube, and says her association with the film has harmed her reputation.
In a court filing lodged with Los Angeles Superior Court on Wednesday, Ms Garcia alleged fraud, slander and intentional infliction of emotional distress.
"[Garcia] had a legally protected interest in her privacy and the right to be free from having hateful words put in her mouth or being depicted as a bigot," the lawsuit says.
"There was no mention of 'Mohammed' during filming or on set. There were no references made to religion nor was there any sexual content of which Ms Garcia was aware," it adds.
Mr Bakoula denies being "Sam Bacile", a pseudonym used by the person who posted the video online.
He has gone into hiding after telling US media he was the manager of a company that helped produce the film, but US officials believe him to be the director.
Mr Bakoula was convicted of fraud in 2010 and ordered to pay more than $790,000 in restitution. He was released in June 2011 with the provision that he did not access the internet or use any aliases without permission.
Authorities questioned him last week over whether he had violated any of those conditions.
YouTube has so far refused Ms Garcia's requests to remove the film, according to the lawsuit, although it has blocked it in Saudi Arabia, Libya and Egypt.
"This lawsuit is not an attack on the First Amendment nor on the right of Americans to say what they think, but does request that the offending content be removed from the Internet," the complaint states.
Google, which owns YouTube, has blocked the film in Saudi Arabia, Libya and Egypt.
A spokesman for YouTube said they were reviewing the complaint and would be in court on Thursday.
| 2019-04-24T10:38:03 |
http://www.cb2u.com/2012/09/actress-cindy-lee-garcia-sues-over.html
|
0.998519 |
The success of I'll Say She Is! guaranteed the Marxes a second Broadway show. The Cocoanuts has music and lyrics by Irving Berlin and a book by George S. Kaufman, with additional text by Morrie Ryskind. The musical was given tryouts in Boston and Philadelphia before opening at the Lyric Theatre on 8 December 1925 and closing after 276 performances on 7 August 1926. The Marx Brothers then took the show on tour. After a brief Broadway revival at the Century Theatre in May 1927, the Marxes made a vaudeville tour with an adaption of the concluding party scene named Spanish Knights. It opened at the Metropolitan Theater in Los Angeles on 9 February 1928 and toured until April the same year. The Cocoanuts was performed by a British cast in London, England as early as in 1928, and the show was also revived in 1988 at the Arena Stage, Washington D.C.
The show was almost filmed by United Artists in 1928 (which would have meant a silent movie!) but instead, Paramount filmed it the year after as one of the first talkies. It reportedly ran as much as 140 minutes at a preview but was cut back to 96 minutes for the release on 3 May 1929.
The print available nowadays was obviously cut together from a number of battered negatives or old prints and runs about 92 minutes. Given the poor condition of the material that has survived, it's very doubtful that any of the missing footage has survived. Zeppo has less to do here than in later films and his part may have been reduced in cutting. One moment may be traced thanks to the stage script. When the bellboys are protesting against being unpaid, Zeppo tells them that Groucho has yet to arise at four in the afternoon. His comforting postscript, that Groucho always gets up on Wednesday, precedes the manager's arrival. In his encyclopedia, Glenn Mitchell suggest that this scene was shot but deleted, as Groucho makes his entrance descending the stairs, still putting on his coat, allowing time to fend off his staff before meeting a train at 4.15.
The play included several songs that didn't make it to the movie, and there was also a revision of the show in the summer of 1926 which replaced a couple of the songs. Monkey Doodle-Doo was one of the songs that survived and also was retained for the film. In the 1990s, the tune was converted into a Chico-item in BBC:s revival of the radio show Flywheel, Shyster and Flywheel, and Glenn Mitchell writes that George S. Kaufman's daughter Anne Kaufman Schneider were delighted when she heard that version; "That's usually a clumping chorus number and a bit of a dead spot. From now on I'm going to insist that Chico does Monkey Doodle-Doo in every revival of Cocoanuts!" Irving Berlin wrote a song named Monkey Doodle-Doo in 1913 but in an email I received in 2002, Kay Lhota points out that the 1913 song is not anything like the 1925 song, having a completely different set of lyrics and written in a different key.
In the preview-length print of the film, Groucho supposedly sang the number A Little Bungalow (which, according to Alexander Woollcott, was "clever, insidious, engaging") while courting Margaret Dumont. The song is set up through Groucho's dialogue ("Ah, if we could find a little bungalow, huh....oh, of course I know we could find one, but maybe the people wouldn't get out") but the film fails to deliver. In the play, A Little Bungalow was "the inevitable duet" (Woollcott), sang by characters Polly Potter and Robert Adams. Although replaced by another Irving Berlin-original (When My Dreams Come True), The Cocoanuts has gone to history as the only Irving Berlin-play that didn't produce a hit tune. A recording of A Little Bungalow by Helen Clark and Franklyn Baur was released in 1926.
Scene 1 – Lobby of The Cocoanuts, a hotel in Cocoanut Beach, Florida.
Scene 2 – Before the Palms.
Scene 3 – Two adjacent rooms in the hotel.
Scene 4 – Before the Palms.
Scene 5 – Cocoanut Manor.
Scene 1 – The Lounge of the hotel.
Scene 3 – The Patio of the hotel.
| 2019-04-23T08:24:06 |
https://www.marx-brothers.org/marxology/coco.htm
|
0.999979 |
I find, since reading over the foregoing Narrative, that I have, in several instances, spoken in such a tone and manner, respecting religion, as may possibly lead those unacquainted with my religious views to suppose me an opponent of all religion. To remove the liability of such misapprehension, I deem it proper to append the following brief explanation. What I have said respecting and against religion, I mean strictly to apply to the slaveholding religion of this land, and with no possible reference to Christianity proper; for, between the Christianity of this land, and the Christianity of Christ, I recognize the widest possible difference—so wide, that to receive the one as good, pure, and holy, is of necessity to reject the other as bad, corrupt, and wicked. To be the friend of the one, is of necessity to be the enemy of the other. I love the pure, peaceable, and impartial Christianity of Christ: I therefore hate the corrupt, slaveholding, women-whipping, cradle-plundering, partial and hypocritical Christianity of this land. Indeed, I can see no reason, but the most deceitful one, for calling the religion of this land Christianity. I look upon it as the climax of all misnomers, the boldest of all frauds, and the grossest of all libels. Never was there a clearer case of "stealing the livery of the court of heaven to serve the devil in." I am filled with unutterable loathing when I contemplate the religious pomp and show, together with the horrible inconsistencies, which every where surround me. We have men-stealers for ministers, women-whippers for missionaries, and cradle-plunderers for church members. The man who wields the blood-clotted cowskin during the week fills the pulpit on Sunday, and claims to be a minister of the meek and lowly Jesus. The man who robs me of my earnings at the end of each week meets me as a class-leader on Sunday morning, to show me the way of life, and the path of salvation. He who sells my sister, for purposes of prostitution, stands forth as the pious advocate of purity. He who proclaims it a religious duty to read the Bible denies me the right of learning to read the name of the God who made me. He who is the religious advocate of marriage robs whole millions of its sacred influence, and leaves them to the ravages of wholesale pollution. The warm defender of the sacredness of the family relation is the same that scatters whole families,—sundering husbands and wives, parents and children, sisters and brothers,—leaving the hut vacant, and the hearth desolate. We see the thief preaching against theft, and the adulterer against adultery. We have men sold to build churches, women sold to support the gospel, and babes sold to purchase Bibles for the POOR HEATHEN! ALL FOR THE GLORY OF GOD AND THE GOOD OF SOULS! The slave auctioneer's bell and the church-going bell chime in with each other, and the bitter cries of the heart-broken slave are drowned in the religious shouts of his pious master. Revivals of religion and revivals in the slave-trade go hand in hand together. The slave prison and the church stand near each other. The clanking of fetters and the rattling of chains in the prison, and the pious psalm and solemn prayer in the church, may be heard at the same time. The dealers in the bodies and souls of men erect their stand in the presence of the pulpit, and they mutually help each other. The dealer gives his blood-stained gold to support the pulpit, and the pulpit, in return, covers his infernal business with the garb of Christianity. Here we have religion and robbery the allies of each other—devils dressed in angels' robes, and hell presenting the semblance of paradise.
The Christianity of America is a Christianity, of whose votaries it may be as truly said, as it was of the ancient scribes and Pharisees, "They bind heavy burdens, and grievous to be borne, and lay them on men's shoulders, but they themselves will not move them with one of their fingers. All their works they do for to be seen of men.—They love the uppermost rooms at feasts, and the chief seats in the synagogues, . . . . . . and to be called of men, Rabbi, Rabbi.—But woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye shut up the kingdom of heaven against men; for ye neither go in yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering to go in. Ye devour widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayers; therefore ye shall receive the greater damnation. Ye compass sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, ye make him twofold more the child of hell than yourselves.—Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye pay tithe of mint, and anise, and cumin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith; these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone. Ye blind guides! which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel. Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter; but within, they are full of extortion and excess.—Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness. Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity."
I conclude these remarks by copying the following portrait of the religion of the south, (which is, by communion and fellowship, the religion of the north,) which I soberly affirm is "true to the life," and without caricature or the slightest exaggeration. It is said to have been drawn, several years before the present anti-slavery agitation began, by a northern Methodist preacher, who, while residing at the south, had an opportunity to see slaveholding morals, manners, and piety, with his own eyes. "Shall I not visit for these things? saith the Lord. Shall not my soul be avenged on such a nation as this?"
FREDERICK DOUGLASS LYNN, Mass., April 28, 1845.
| 2019-04-22T14:06:46 |
https://americanliterature.com/author/frederick-douglass/book/narrative-of-the-life-of-frederick-douglass-an-american-slave/appendix
|
0.996997 |
If you have flakes in your hair and your head itches, you probably have dandruff, and this means you will need an anti-dandruff shampoo. When it comes to using such product, the most common question asked is: can we use anti dandruff shampoo regularly? The answer to that question depends on your condition and the kind of anti dandruff shampoo you are using.
You first need to know that an anti-dandruff shampoo is not like your regular shampoos whose purpose is to clean your hair and make it soft. While you can expect the same effect from most anti-dandruff shampoos, their primary purpose is to get rid of the flakes. For that, they have special ingredients which are basically chemicals.
So can we use anti dandruff shampoo regularly?
You can use most of the over-the-counter anti-dandruff shampoos regularly because dandruff needs to be continuously controlled too. However, the best practice is to keep using it regularly until flakes reduce or stop showing at all. If you also suffer from itchiness on your scalp, you can keep using the shampoo until it is controlled.
Using it once a day would be more than enough and should help reduce dandruff. When you feel there are no more flakes or itchiness, you can switch back to your regular shampoo. If dandruff strikes back, you can again start using the anti-dandruff shampoo you have been using. If you have a lot of dandruff, chances are you will have to keep using it for weeks to see meaningful results.
The first few days you will have to follow the washing routine quite strictly, making sure to shampoo every day. As dandruff starts to reduce, you can bring down the frequency. The thing about dandruff is that it may be because of one or several causes. Sometimes it is because of your own hormones so you might have to use it regularly.
While most anti-dandruff shampoos contain ingredients such as zinc pyrithione and selenium sulfide, some contain extra strong ingredients that are capable of fighting the most severe kind of dandruff. If your scalp itches a lot, has reddish skin and flakes disperse on your clothing, you have advanced stage dandruff.
Such individuals are usually prescribed by their dermatologists, medicated shampoos with rather stronger ingredients. These shampoos work faster and more efficiently than anti-dandruff shampoos. Since they have advanced formulas, one should use them until the severity of dandruff reduces. After that, you can use them periodically to keep the flakes under control.
Anti-dandruff shampoos are shampoos after all, and part of their job is also to clean and moisturize your scalp. In fact, in order for their active ingredients to work, they keep the scalp moisturized. Besides the active ingredients that work on the flakes in your scalp, they mostly contain the same ingredients as other shampoos. They contain cleansers, conditioners, lotions, preservatives and fragrances that give you the same experience as your other shampoos. Plus they help reduce the flakes and get rid of the nasty itchiness they cause. So it should not be a problem using them regularly at least until your dandruff is in control.
If you have other hair problems like hair loss, dry hair or damaged hair, you can alternate between shampoos for those problems and the one for dandruff. In such cases, it would be best to consult a dermatologist and use the shampoo that they prescribe.
Many people assume that using anti-dandruff shampoo daily can damage hair and make it weak. That is not true, at least for the over the counter options we find everywhere. How much you apply also matters as applying too much of it unnecessarily may actually be harmful especially when using the medicated ones. In fact, medicated shampoos are so strong and efficient just a bit of them should do the job.
Remember that dandruff, whatever the cause may be behind it, cannot be cured completely. Therefore, it has to be controlled, and the easiest way for that is to apply anti-dandruff shampoo. Make sure to read what ingredients are there in the shampoo. Also, you need to part your hair in different sections and apply the shampoo to the scalp as anti-dandruff shampoo needs to come in contact with your scalp. Keep using it regularly so long as you dandruff stops being a bother and then you can switch between your regular shampoo and the one for fighting flakes.
| 2019-04-25T06:48:00 |
http://www.dandruffgone.com/can-we-use-anti-dandruff-shampoo-regularly/
|
0.999917 |
Can I uninvite a guest?
Back in the second grade, it was a couple of weeks before my birthday party and my invitations had already been sent out and received by my friends. I distinctly remember sitting at recess at the picnic tables with a couple of my friends and two of us got into an argument. I have no recollection of the scenario but most likely it was over something silly like whose shoes were newer or who had a better schoolyard ranking in kick back. Yes, I was the champion at kick back!
Without even thinking it through, I immediately uninvited my friend to my birthday party. Now you are probably thinking, "What a little brat you were!" And yes, that was definitely a bratty thing to do but when you think about it, couples talk about the possibility of uninviting guests to their weddings all of the time...and we are adults here! In the end, my friend told her mom what I had said, her mom called my mom, and I got in trouble and had to re-invite her to my party. And guess what, we were friends again the following day!
Isn't it funny how we can learn lessons from little kids? I look back at this scenario and compare it to all of the brides who dabble with the possibility of uninviting a guest from their wedding or even wedding party due to an argument. And how bratty of us to even consider that possibility!
Of course, there are always the extreme situations which you can determine on your own but if all else fails, the golden rule is NO, you may not uninvite a guest who you have sent a save-the-date to or an invitation to, despite the argument you are in. Most likely, the argument is silly and will blow over eventually. And even if you never talk again in your life, is it really going to ruin your wedding day if he or she is there? You don't have to hang out with them or even look in their direction if you so choose. But I can promise you one thing, the friendship will absolutely be over if he or she is no longer invited to the wedding. So take that into consideration before making any rash decisions.
And to take it one step further, why wouldn't you just be the bigger person? From experience growing up with three sisters, there is nothing that frustrates someone more than you being the bigger person. It is in our nature to want to fight back, so don't give them any reason to do so. Act like the lady or gentleman that you truly are, despite those bridezilla tendencies. And if in the end your friendship remains distant, was it really the end of the world that this person was present on your wedding day?
| 2019-04-20T20:41:59 |
http://www.theoverwhelmedbride.com/the-blog/can-i-uninvite-a-guest
|
0.999999 |
Context: Three new tools for States and Union Territories for ranking of startups in the country have been launched. These will act as catalysts to help the Startup India initiative to drive India’s economic growth.
The tools are: The State and Union Territory Startup Ranking Framework, the Compendium of Good Practices for Promoting Startups in India and the Startup India Kit.
The key objective of the Startup States and UTs Ranking Framework is to encourage States and UTs to take proactive steps towards strengthening the Startup ecosystems at the local level. The Ranking Framework will measure the impact of each step initiated at the local level for building a strong Startup ecosystem. The Ranking Framework will also enable contnuous learning through the dissemination of good practices.
It focuses on enriching the Startup ecosystem through ethical behaviours and is currently followed by 18 States and UTs. It covers 95 good practises across 7 areas of intervention. These are distilled into 38 action points including Incubation Support, Seed Funding, Angel & Venture Funding, Startup Policy & Implementation, Simplified Regulations, Easing Public Procurement, Awareness & Outreach.
Context: The sixth Edition of World Government Summit will be held in in Dubai, UAE.
The World Government Summit is a global platform dedicated to shaping the future of government worldwide. Each year, the Summit sets the agenda for the next generation of governments with a focus on how they can harness innovation and technology to solve universal challenges facing humanity.
The World Government Summit is a knowledge exchange center at the intersection between government, futurism, technology, and innovation. It functions as a thought leadership platform and networking hub for policymakers, experts, and pioneers in human development.
The Summit is a gateway to the future as it functions as a stage for analysis of the future trends, issues, and opportunities facing humanity. It is also an arena to showcase innovations, best practice, and smart solutions to inspire creativity to tackle these future challenges.
Context: The Union Budget has reinforced the correction of the inverted duty structure (IDS) which has adversely impacted manufacturing for decades.
The Budget has raised customs duties significantly. The goods and services tax (GST), especially the IGST or Integrated GST component, has begun to erode the advantage that the IDS was giving to foreign exporters in Indian markets. Also, the Finance Minister, in Budget 2014, had announced the beginnings of a reversal of the IDS in electronics and has sustained that effort in subsequent Budgets.
An IDS means higher duty on intermediate as opposed to final/finished goods, with the latter often enjoying concessional custom duty under some schemes. Inverted duty structure is a situation where import duty on finished goods is low compared to the import duty on raw materials that are used in the production of such finished goods. For example, suppose the tariff (import tax) on the import of tyres is 10% and the tariff on the imports of natural rubber which is used in the production of tyres is 20%; this is a case of inverted duty structure.
When the import duty on raw materials is high, it will be more difficult to produce the concerned good domestically at a competitive price. Several industries depend on imported raw materials and components. High tax on the raw materials compels them to raise price. On the other hand, foreign finished goods will be coming at a reduced price because of low tax advantage. In conclusion, manufactured goods by the domestic industry becomes uncompetitive against imported finished goods.
The disadvantage of the inverted duty structure increases with the increased use of imported raw materials. An inverted duty structure discourages domestic value addition.
Context: The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy under its scheme “Development of Solar Cities” has approved/sanctioned 60 Cities including 13 Pilot and 5 Model Cities up to 12th Five-year Plan period.
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy is implementing a programme on ‘Development of Solar Cities’ which aims to reduce a minimum of 10% of the projected demand of conventional energy of the city through renewable energy installations and energy efficiency measures. Sixty Cities are proposed to be developed as Solar Cities during the Eleventh Plan period including four Model Solar Cities and 10 Pilot Solar Cities. The Master plan for each Solar City is being prepared to assess and utilize various renewable sources including Solar, Wind, Municipal Waste etc.
The criteria set by the ministry for the identification of cities include a city having population between 50,000 to 50 lakh (with relaxation given to special category states including northeast states), initiatives and regulatory measures already taken along with a high level of commitment in promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy.
Urbanization and economic development are leading to a rapid rise in energy demand in urban areas in our country leading to enhanced Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. Many cities around the world are setting targets and introducing polices for promoting renewable energy and reducing GHG emissions and the countries like Australia and USA are developing the solar cities.
Several Indian cities and towns are experiencing rapid growth in the peak electricity demand. The local governments and the electricity utilities are finding it difficult to cope with this rapid rise in demand and as a result most of the cities/towns are facing electricity shortages. In this context, the “Development of Solar Cities” programme is designed to support/encourage Urban Local Bodies to prepare a Road Map to guide their cities in becoming ‘renewable energy cities’ or ‘solar cities’.
To enable and empower Urban Local Governments to address energy challenges at City – level.
To oversee the implementation of sustainable energy options through public – private partnerships.
Context: Indigenously developed Agni-I ballistic missile that can carry a nuclear payload was recently flight tested as part of a user trial by the Army from a test range off the Odisha coast. It was 18th version of Agni-I, which could achieve all parameters within the stipulated time period.
Agni-1 is an indigenously developed surface-to-surface, single-stage nuclear capable missile. It was developed by the Advanced Systems Laboratory or ASL in collaboration with the Defence Research Development Laboratory (DRDL) and the Research Centre Imarat (RCI). The missile was integrated by the Bharat Dynamics Limited, Hyderabad.
The sophisticated Agni-I missile is propelled by a solid rocket propellant system and is equipped with a specialised navigation system that ensures it reaches the target with a high degree of precision. The missile was inducted into service in 2004.
Context: To create awareness around Internet safety, Google India has launched a public initiative “#SecurityCheckKiya”.
It aims to protect young and first-time web users from account hijacking, safeguard Android devices from malicious apps and secure all their personal data if they lose their device. Under the campaign, Google encouraged users to take the first step of Security Check on Safer Internet Day which will be celebrated on February 6.
People can follow a three-step action to stay safe on the web. To protect account hijacking, all Android devices and Gmail users can review their security settings and Google account activity with one click “Google Security”. This automatically scans for any vulnerability and guides users to keep their account safe.
To safeguard Android devices from malicious apps, users can scan and check Android device for any harmful apps through Google Play Protect. Google Play Protect scans all apps for malware before and after you install them and is automatically enabled on your device. To secure all personal data if an Android device is lost, users can download “Find My Device” app and it will help you to easily locate a lost Android device and keeps device and information secure.
With a large base of unsuspecting first time Internet users now coming online through easy access modes but lacking technical literacy, Indian users are increasingly vulnerable to bad actors and abuse on the web.
Next story Insights MINDMAPS: “Crisis in Maldives”.
| 2019-04-24T06:57:45 |
https://www.insightsonindia.com/2018/02/07/insights-daily-current-affairs-07-february-2018/
|
0.998541 |
Bootstrap is a front-end framework built and open sourced by Twitter developers. It has sparked many debates about what is its scope, and whether it's actually useful.
In this article I'm going to take a look at it with the eyes of a back end developer: I'm one of the people Bootstrap should help I guess, since I don't have great design skills or time to spend in graphical tweaking.
There are also graphical defaults like colors which can be overridden. I think the purpose is also to develop a prototype quickly, even if you are a developer like me, who doesn't want to spend all the day on CSS tweaks to make something presentable. You won't present a white background and div with black borders again.
It's not clear if there will be a standard preprocessing for CSS, to help with the removal of duplication. LESS is just one of the languages, but it is increasingly popular; by the way when you marry a framework you have to deal with its idiosyncrasies.
Total markup (HTML) and presentation (CSS) separation has always been a lie, as implemented in CSS 2.1 at least. For example, the order of HTML elements counts a lot: float properties would change behavior and requiring you to reorder columns whenever you want to change some widths in the design. It is also common to insert lots of nested div elements to apply CSS magic, or to be compatible with older browsers.
Many of the available classes are actually separating presentation concerns, with names like .container and .navbar. But there are many offending ones are like .span4, .grid_row.
There are ways, like using the LESS CSS preprocessor, to hide these classes behind your own ones, which will surely have design-specific names. Of course, you will need to recompile the CSS for deployment, although this can be done automatically during development.
lock-in: your design won't work without all Bootstrap resources, and it won't be easy to migrate away in the future.
more technology that what you strictly need (ready to jump into LESS?).
a learning curve: instead of only have to stay up-to-date on CSS selectors and properties, now you have a new whole set of base classes to learn.
Bootstrap's widgets are based on jQuery, and provided in the form of custom plugins which can be separately downloaded as single .js files.
modals (overlay dialogs), tooltips and popovers to place in particular points of the text.
navigation tools like dropdown menus,scrollspy updating itself basing on the position in the page.
organizational tools like tabs and collapsable elements (such as accordions).
It's not that's difficult to find these plugins elsewhere; but there is value in a single go-to place where they are provided together and with a basic common style.
how can I extend one of these plugins? There would be a learning curve for doing that, if it's possible at all.
How can I create a new plugin which have the same style as these ones? I'm sure I will need to; there will be another learning curve to "percorrere".
What happens if I need another framework to be integrated in functionality and appearance, like the Dojo Toolkit?
| 2019-04-20T02:44:57 |
https://dzone.com/articles/bootstrap-rapid-development
|
0.999999 |
Is there any difference between above sentences? I think they have the exactly same meaning, but there could be some different feeling.
1. I have been seeing Judy for more than five years and during that time I have seen many changes in her personality This one implies that you have seen her in the past and are currently seeing her.
In terms of "feelings", the phrase "been seening" is quite often in reference to dating. Sentence # 2 is more open ended.
| 2019-04-22T18:10:26 |
https://www.usingenglish.com/forum/threads/59104-any-difference
|
0.999448 |
As a caregiver, and like the majority of us, you are up and down countless times in a day without giving it much thought. However, this task may be difficult for the person you're caring for.
It is very important to communicate with the person in your care and verbally go over how you will help.
They may need help getting out of a chair, out of a bathtub, or up from the toilet. Getting in or out of a car or simply getting up in the morning and out of bed can be difficult and could put them (and you!) at risk if these are not done correctly.
This article will outline what to consider when someone needs help standing up or getting up from a toilet seat, a bed, a chair, etc., and will provide tips for you, the caregiver, for how to offer assistance so that you both remain safe.
a. Is the bed/chair at the proper height?
If the bed/chair is height-adjustable, position it so the level of their hips is sitting slightly higher than their knees. This will make it easier to stand up, as their body will be in a more upright position.
b. Is the walker/cane/wheelchair nearby?
Having the mobility aid close by will decrease the risk of falling while trying to stand and it can provide the individual with support once they are in the standing position.
c. Is the area clear of objects or obstacles?
Clearing the area of obstacles prior to standing is important to decrease the risk of tripping or falling.
It is very important to communicate with the person in your care and verbally go over how you will help, and how to safely stand up from the chair (or bed, toilet, etc.). Talking through the transfer process will ensure that both of you know what to expect and that you are working together. Communication is key to ensuring safe transfers!
Standing beside the person will make the transfer easier on you. You will have more control of the person’s body during the transfer and you will use less energy.
Do not lift from behind - You are at risk of injuring your back when you lift someone from behind as it puts your back and shoulders in an awkward position.
Do not lift from the front - If you try to lift someone while standing in front of them, you are at risk of falling or injuring the person you are caring for.
Pulling on the person’s arm(s) or hand(s) places a lot of stress on the individual’s shoulder(s) that could result in a rotator cuff injury, such as a muscle or tendon tear.
When holding the person’s arm, stand as close to them as possible to minimize the risk of injury.
Bend at your knees and hips and keep your spine in a neutral position.
Have a slightly wider stance to help yourself stabilize.
Engage your muscles and ready your body for the transfer.
Stand Up Slow and Steady = Safe Lift Off!
Resist the temptation to get them up quickly. The person could get dizzy from getting up too quickly and there is a risk of injuring the body as well.
Encourage the person to do as much as possible to assist with standing up. This will make their muscles work as well as, improve their strength, and independence.
When the person confirms that he/she is okay, you have completed the standing transfer and can continue on with the day!
You might also like our Elizz article on Assisting Chair Transfers with Lift Chairs.
If you have any questions or concerns about these transferring techniques or how to help the person in your care stand up safely, please consider speaking with a physiotherapist, an occupational therapist, or another health care professional.
| 2019-04-18T15:08:17 |
https://elizz.com/caregiver-resources/caregiving-tips/how-to-help-someone-stand-up-safely
|
0.999976 |
This article exists in other translations [ Id: ar00001 عربي ], also accessible through the articles page.
While designing Intellark (Intellaren's Arabic keyboard layout), the new keyboard layout that allows you to type in Arabic using your typing knowledge in English, we naturally and badly needed Arabic letter frequency analysis to make enlightened decisions about some key mappings. Strangely, no resources on the Internet with the expected table of frequencies of Arabic letters could be found as is the case for their English counterparts [1,2,3]! This prompted the birth of Intellyze, Intellaren's Arabic letter and word frequency analyzer, which would later enable us to present a basic study on the Arabic letter frequency analysis.
This is indeed surprising since the very notion of "frequency analysis" started with the Arabs about a 1000 years ago by the eminent scholar Abu Yusuf Ya'qoub ibn Ishaaq Al-Kindi [4,5,6]. Al-Kindi (800 - 873 AD) wrote over 250 books on subjects that spanned a spectrum of subjects typically offered as university degree programs in departments of sciences & humanities, and ... without computers to help him type, software to cut down the computational needs of years to few milliseconds, or Internet to help him surf through the intelligence and cultivation of others! So, what's running a frequency distribution counter on the Quran or some other textual volume! More than anything else, we would like to see some frequency distribution dating as far back as the ninth century to compare accuracy and methodology using the primitive tools they would have used then. In , it says "They realized the rarest letters in Arabic and the most common letters: the letters 'a' and 'l' are the most common in Arabic, whereas the letter 'j' appears only a tenth as frequency". Whereas it is easy to concur that ا and ل are the most common letters when scanning through Arabic text, the statement said about ج , Jeem in English, is off by a factor of 10! In fact, it is more like a "hundredth" as frequency (not "tenth")! So, who do the authors in precisely refer to by "They" in the above quote? What is the source of their findings? That remains to be seen.
In this work, frequency analysis is conducted on several sources providing input of more than five million letters in total to get a fairly stable distribution of Arabic letter frequency analysis. The document is concluded with reporting some interesting findings about the Arabic letters.
First things first: What gets counted in input text?
Chiefly, the Arabic alphabet consists of 28 primary letters, these are letters 1 to 28 in Table 1. However, when scripting in Arabic, the eight modified letters listed in positions 29 to 36 in the same table are used just the same. If we lump these 8 modified forms back into the primary list based on shape or phonetic similarity, we end up with the listing shown in Table 2. For accurate frequency analysis, Intellyze doesn't lump; it leaves lumping for the user to do if needed. Note here that the ordering of the alphabet is more logical than is used by the Unicode standard.
Table 1: The Arabic alphabet. Letters 1 to 28 are the primary letters. Letters 29 to 36 are the modified letters.
Table 2: The Arabic alphabet, with modified letters lumped onto their primary forms.
Finally, Column Percentage shows the value recorded in Column Frequency in percentiles. As an example calculation for percentage, consider Letter ا : dividing the frequency by the total count of letters in the Quran and multiplying by 100 (i.e., 43,542 / 330,709 * 100) gives the percentage 13.17.
Table 3: Arabic letter frequency distribution sorted according to the Unicode standard. See the Quran Sura Statistics page (QSS) for a coverage of how the data are computed.
Table 4 below shows the same information portrayed in Table 3, but with the letters sorted from the most to least frequent. Note that the letter Jeem appears in the 21st position, and that its frequency is one hundredth. That is, given that the average length of a word in the Quran is 4.25, Jeem can be expected to occur only once in every 23.53 words, or, once every 100 letters. This again refutes the statement highlighted in above. Complete letter/word/average-word-length statistics about the 114 Suras of the Quran are found in the QSS page.
Table 4: Arabic letter frequency distribution sorted according to letter frequency in descending order.
The first seven volumes of the series البداية والنهاية (The Beginning and The End) of Ibn Katheer. All together, these seven volumes fill up 2,855 pages, containing 1,096,047 words, containing 4,326,031 letters.
The book of sirah of الرحيق المختوم (The Sealed Nectar; sirah means the life of Prophet Mohammad صلى الله عليه وسلم) of Almubarakfuri. The book is spread over 284 pages, containing 134,662 words, containing 553,740 letters.
The book of تحفة العروسين (The Masterpiece of the Brides) for Al-shuri. The book is spread over 239 pages, containing 66,550 words, containing 242,361 letters.
Collectively, these sources add up to 3,378 pages, generating 1,297,259 words, or, 5,122,132 letters. Here is the letter frequency distribution for such data in Table 5.
Table 5: Arabic letter frequency distribution sorted according to letter frequency. The source of input data is several texts containing together over five million letters.
Figures 1 and 2 below exhibit histograms renderings of the data provided in Table 5.
Figure 1: Arabic letter frequency distribution of Table 5 data, sorted according Unicode value.
Figure 2: Arabic letter frequency distribution of Table 5 data, sorted according frequency of letters.
Line chart figures that compares the frequency of letters in the Quran to the frequency of letters in the aforementioned sources are available in the comparative statistics page. The statistics generator tool Intellyze is used to generate all the frequency data of the Arabic letters.
While searching for frequency analysis on Arabic letters, we stumbled upon some findings the may be of interest.
Quran Frequency Analysis, in English!
In , statistics are conducted on an English-translated version of the Quran! It is hard to see the significance of such effort when the analysis is done on a mere translation. On one hand it shows the importance and the interest invested in such work of analyzing the Quran scripture from a computational view point; on the other hand, such efforts would merely produce results that are in total harmony to taking frequency analysis of any typical English text.
Literally, about a 1000 years ago, a complete method of enforcing cryptanalysis is explained in sufficient detail and in hand-writing! Wouldn't you like to take a look? Check .
As we mentioned in the beginning before attempting to create Intellyze, we wandered for some time looking to see if there are any resources on Arabic letter frequency analysis. We got one! A 2005 paper authored by a PhD candidate at that time in England. In her paper in Table 1, she lists 24 suras. The source of data she picks for her experiments is interesting, where the whole Quran is transliterated word by word, presumably to help non-Arabic speakers get a handle on correct pronunciation. What we found to be inaccurate is the number of words listed for each sura in that table. The numbers are off by 100 sometimes! We examined Surat-Alkahf as an example. What is recorded in that paper is that there are 1,489 words in Surat-Alkahf, but Intellyze computes the number of words to be 1,583 (and this is the number arrived to by us, page by page, word by word). We will share with you any feedback if she responds to the inquiry we sent her on how her data came into being.
Any comments? Inaccuracies? Interesting additions or links? Please do not hesitate to send us your thoughts to enhance the quality and accuracy of this document. Thank you.
Do you follow any transcription existed by some one? or you innovate this system??
Hi Mark. Thank you for your note. When I did the initial analysis and wrote the articles you see here I thought I was just setting the stage for more work, analyses, articles and research to come. However, apart from the three precious comments you see below I am getting no feedback or interactivity that such work is desired. I would love to, but... to whom?
That said, it is always on my mind to carry this work further to develop better tools and software in collaboration with all interested.
I am familiar with the notion of digraphs, digrams and n-grams in general from the days I worked with cryptography. It would definitely be a nice next-step to consider those in further research and articles, maybe... inShaAllah.
tetragram, etc., frequencies and which take into account word length and letter position?
I think this effort is to be congratulated to. I also did a research on this scope. Keep up the excellent works, to develop a better software.
| 2019-04-23T23:53:33 |
http://intellaren.com/articles/en/a-study-of-arabic-letter-frequency-analysis
|
0.999969 |
In the latest gig economy case focussing on worker status, a plumber has been found to be a 'worker' by the Court of Appeal despite being self-employed for tax purposes (Pimlico Plumbers Ltd and Anor v Smith).
This is one of the first gig economy cases to affect a skilled trade such as plumbing, so could signify that more cases will arise across multiple of industries.
What should organisations be doing to reduce the risk of legal disputes?
Gary Smith was a plumber who carried out work for Pimlico Plumbers (PP). He suffered a heart attack in 2010 and requested to reduce his working days from five to three per week. This request was refused by PP, and his contract was terminated.
Mr Smith brought a claim to the employment tribunal. He claimed, amongst other things, unfair and wrongful dismissal, direct disability discrimination and failure to make reasonable adjustments.
Could he bring these claims?
The question for the tribunal was whether Mr Smith could bring any of these claims. In order to bring claims for unfair or wrongful dismissal, Mr Smith would need to be an employee. In order to bring claims for direct disability discrimination or failure to make reasonable adjustments, he would need to be either an employee or a worker.
The tribunal held that Mr Smith was not an employee. One of the deciding factors in this respect was that there was no obligation for PP to provide work to Mr Smith, and therefore there was no mutuality of obligation.
However, the tribunal found that Mr Smith was in fact a worker. PP appealed this decision to the EAT, and argued that Mr Smith was not a worker but a self-employed contractor. However the EAT agreed with the tribunal, and so PP further appealed to the Court of Appeal.
The Court of Appeal considered whether Mr Smith should properly be categorised as a worker or as a self-employed contractor.
The contract between Mr Smith and PP suggested that he was a self-employed contractor and described him as a "self-employed operative".
he should pay his own tax and NI contributions.
Mr Smith had no express right to substitute his work to an external plumber. This was the case even though in practice plumbers swapped jobs around between each other, used each other to provide additional help where more than one person was required for a job or to do a job more quickly, and external contractors were sometimes required to assist a job where there was a need for further assistance or specialist work.
The right to substitute is one of the hallmarks of self-employment, and the lack of an express right to substitute an entire job to an external plumber pointed towards Mr Smith being a worker.
Mr Smith did exercise discretion in some respects. For example, he could decide when he wanted to go home after a working day, and, in relation to any particular job, he could decide what work was needed, when to do it and whether to negotiate on price.
follow 10 personal conduct guidelines whilst with customers.
Additionally, Mr Smith was subject to onerous restrictive covenants including a non-compete for three months post termination.
Whilst Mr Smith could technically undertake private work, his ability to do work for others was limited. This was because Mr Smith was still obliged to do a minimum number of hours per week with PP, and was required to agree the hours he would work with PP in advance.
When agreeing hours with PP, Mr Smith was free to refuse any particular work assignment or any particular date, but he could not refuse all assignments. He also had to be available during his shift to take on call work. The lack of real ability to work for others pointed toward worker status.
Whilst the contractual documentation suggested that he should submit invoices, which would be in keeping with being self-employed, in reality, wages were paid directly to Mr Smith, and he was provided with wage slips. Again, this suggested that he was a worker.
To date, the gig economy cases have been limited to taxi and courier firms, and generally to relatively short term and unskilled jobs.
This case shows that the heightened awareness of worker status is leading to a flurry of claims in other areas of the economy and in other industries.
Given the significant momentum behind these types of claims the government has commissioned a review into modern working practices and HMRC had established a new unit to investigate companies’ use of freelance and self-employed individuals.
Organisations which rely on similar business models should be alert to this ever expanding line of case law and the potential for litigation of their own, especially the resulting PR and financial impact.
They should ensure that contractual documentation is in place which is sufficiently clear, understandable and accurately reflects how the relationship operates in practice.
They should ensure individuals are given real flexibility to substitute, including to external contractors.
The workforce should be given real freedom to control when they work, how much they work, and which jobs they pick up. They should be able to take on private work / work for others as and when they wish.
Careful consideration should be given to the financial and risk-sharing arrangements that they have in place with these individuals. The individual should shoulder financial and other business risks in order to reduce the risk that they are seen to be workers.
If you are concerned about worker status within your organisation, or you would like further advice in this respect, please contact a member of the employment team who would be very happy to assist.
| 2019-04-22T02:00:06 |
https://www.tltsolicitors.com/insights-and-events/insight/gig-economy-case-rules-self-employed-plumber-is-a-worker/
|
0.999999 |
Can you summarize the book of Ephesians?
Ephesians, The Epistle To The. Was written by the apostle St. Paul during his first captivity at Rome, (Acts 28:16) apparently immediately after he had written the Epistle to the Colossians, and during that period (perhaps the early part of A.D. 62) when his imprisonment had not assumed the severer character which seems to have marked its close. This epistle was addressed to the Christian church at Ephesus. Its contents may be divided into two portions, the first mainly doctrinal, ch. 1-3, the second hortatory and practical.
| 2019-04-18T12:29:17 |
http://www.biblequestions.org/bqar481.html
|
0.999808 |
A print engine assembly includes an elongate chassis to be mounted within a printer. The chassis defines a print media exit slot. A printed circuit board (PCB) assembly bears drive circuitry configured to drive a print media feed mechanism. The PCB assembly is mounted to the chassis to form an elongate channel. An ink ejection printhead is located within the channel and is configured to eject ink upon print media. The print media feed mechanism is mounted to the chassis within the channel, and is configured to feed the print media past the ink ejection printhead during ink ejection and then out through the exit slot.
1. A print engine assembly comprising:an elongate chassis to be mounted within a printer, and defining a print media exit slot;a printed circuit board (PCB) assembly bearing drive circuitry configured to drive a print media feed mechanism and mounted to the chassis to form an elongate channel;a ink ejection printhead located within the channel and configured to eject ink upon print media; anda print media feed mechanism mounted to the chassis within the channel and configured to feed the print media past the ink ejection printhead during ink ejection and then out through the exit slot.
2. A print engine assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed mechanism includes:a platen;a feed roller and a plurality of feed idler rollers configured to grab the print media on one side of the platen; andan exit roller and a wheel assembly configured to receive the print media on another side of the platen opposite said one side.
3. A print engine assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein the feed mechanism further includes a motor for driving the platen, feed roller and exit roller.
4. A print engine assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein the feed mechanism includes a pair of moldings mounted to the chassis to terminate each respective end of the channel; the platen, feed roller and exit roller mounted between the moldings.
5. A print engine assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the printhead is borne by the PCB assembly which, in turn, is mounted to the chassis with a pair of spacers.
6. A print engine assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the printhead includes a plurality of integrated circuits each disposed at a slight angle to a longitudinal axis of the printhead, with a slight overlap between adjacent integrated circuits to enable continuous transmission of ink over the entire length of the integrated circuits.
7. A print engine assembly as claimed in claim 6, wherein each integrated circuit is electronically connected to a tape automated bond (TAB) film, the other end of which is maintained in electrical contact with the PCB assembly by means of a TAB film backing pad.
This is a Continuation Application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/940,235 filed on Nov. 14, 2007, which is a Continuation Application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/488,066 filed on Jul. 18, 2006, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,306,322, which is a Continuation Application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/008,113 filed on Dec. 10, 2004, now issued U.S. Pat. No. 7,077,496, which is a Continuation Application of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/296,526, filed Nov. 23, 2002, now issued U.S. Pat. No. 6,893,109, which is a 371 of PCT/AU00/00596, filed May 24, 2000, all of which is herein incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to a printhead capping arrangement for a printer.
More particularly, though not exclusively, the invention relates to a printhead capping arrangement for an A4 pagewidth drop on demand printhead capable of printing up to 1600 dpi photographic quality at up to 160 pages per minute.
The overall design of a printer in which the arrangement can be utilized revolves around the use of replaceable printhead modules in an array approximately 8 inches (20 cm) long. An advantage of such a system is the ability to easily remove and replace any defective modules in a printhead array. This would eliminate having to scrap an entire printhead if only one chip is defective.
The printhead, being the environment within which the printhead capping arrangement of the present invention is to be situated, might typically have six ink chambers and be capable of printing four color process (CMYK) as well as infra-red ink and fixative.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an arrangement for reducing of print nozzles during non-use of a printer.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an arrangement for reducing nozzle blockage during non-use, suitable for the pagewidth printhead assembly as broadly described herein.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an arrangement for reducing nozzle blockage for a printhead assembly on which there is mounted a plurality of print chips, each comprising a plurality of MEMS printing devices.
when the printer is in a non-operational mode, the capping mechanism is engageable with the structure to provide a closed atmosphere in the space.
Preferably, the structure includes a nozzle guard the space being defined between the nozzle guard and the nozzles, the nozzle guard having a plurality of apertures aligned with the nozzles so that ink drops ejected from the nozzles pass through the apertures to be deposited on the paper or other print medium.
Preferably, the nozzles are arranged in an array extending across at least an A4 pagewidth, the nozzles preferably comprising MEMS devices. Preferably, the nozzles are arranged on a plurality of print modules of the printhead each with a respective nozzle guard and space.
Preferably, air valve means shuts off air supply to the spaces when the printer is in a non-printing operational mode.
Preferably, said capping mechanism covers the nozzle guard to seal the nozzle from atmosphere by moving to a capping position when said printer is in said non-printing mode.
Preferably also, the capping member is located on a rotatable platen member of the printer, and includes a seal member contacting said printhead in a locus surrounding said nozzle guard apertures.
In FIGS. 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings there is schematically depicted the core components of a print engine assembly, showing the general environment in which the laminated ink distribution structure of the present invention can be located. The print engine assembly includes a chassis 10 fabricated from pressed steel, aluminum, plastics or other rigid material. Chassis 10 is intended to be mounted within the body of a printer and serves to mount a printhead assembly 11, a paper feed mechanism and other related components within the external plastics casing of a printer.
Ink is delivered to the print chips via a distribution molding 35 and laminated stack 36 arrangement forming part of the printhead 11. Ink from an ink cassette 93 (FIGS. 26 and 27) is relayed via individual ink hoses 94 to individual ink inlet ports 34 integrally molded with a plastics duct cover 39 which forms a lid over the plastics distribution molding 35. The distribution molding 35 includes six individual longitudinal ink ducts 40 and an air duct 41 which extend throughout the length of the array. Ink is transferred from the inlet ports 34 to respective ink ducts 40 via individual cross-flow ink channels 42, as best seen with reference to FIG. 7. It should be noted in this regard that although there are six ducts depicted, a different number of ducts might be provided. Six ducts are suitable for a printer capable of printing four color process (CMYK) as well as infra-red ink and fixative.
| 2019-04-19T18:38:57 |
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20090027454
|
0.998722 |
Distortion is classified as either linear or nonlinear. Linear distortion includes processes that may change the level or phase of a signal or its individual frequency components, but not add any new components. Ordinarily these processes would be described by their effects, such as "frequency response" or "phase shift", rather than "linear distortion".
A nonlinear system (or portion of a system) is one whose output is not simply proportional to its input, but instead is related by some nonlinear equation that may contain squared or higher power terms. All systems exhibit nonlinear behavior at their limits (or those wouldn't be the "limits"). For example, an amplifier has a maximum output voltage determined by its power supply, and a loudspeaker has a maximum displacement determined by its construction.
Most modern solid-state amplifiers exhibit "hard" limiting, where they behave linearly up to some maximum voltage, then can't go beyond that limit... they simply "clip" there.
Loudspeaker limiting behavior is similar but "softer": The cone encounters increasing stiffness as it nears its suspension limits, and decreasing driving force as the voice coil moves out of its magnetic field, but no abrupt "brick wall" limit as with amplifier clipping, until the voice coil actually bottoms out.
In addition to these limiting or "saturation" effects, some systems have particular problems with very small signals. Many power amplifiers encounter a problem called "crossover" distortion. They use "push-pull" circuitry with separate portions for handling positive and negative parts of the signal. This improves efficiency, since only one portion needs to be active at a time.
As the signal passes through zero, the amplifier must switch between the positive circuits and the negative circuits. If this hand-off is not done smoothly, there may be a small region where neither portion is working and the output jumps to zero prematurely.
Since distortion is typically reported (and perceived) as a percentage of the output, an amplifier may produce very high output power with very low distortion when it is below its clipping point, yet at low output power that same amplifier may produce an intolerable amount of distortion due to crossover problems: At low power, the signal is spending most of its time near zero, so the distortion there is a bigger percentage of the total output.
| 2019-04-22T18:10:45 |
http://daqarta.com/dw_0d00.htm
|
0.998454 |
Look around you. Everything you are using - including the device for reading this article - started as a thought in someone's imagination. But, all too often, useful ideas stay inside our minds, so Hilary O'Shaughnessy is an advocate for bringing ideas to life physically early on in the design process to see whether and how they can work.
The Artek Circle event in Dublin's Temple Bar is a case in point - O'Shaughnessy was one of the organisers of the weekend 'hackathon' that saw artists, engineers and scientists work together to invent and build prototypes.
"I think there is a really positive effect when groups mix - not in terms of skills, but ideas, collaborations and understanding each other better," said O'Shaughnessy, who co-founded Artek Circle with Dr David McKeown, an engineer and well-known name in Irish maker circles.
The results of the Artek Circle weekend collaborations included a self-stirring spoon, a three-dimensional model of brain waves and a Kinect-based system to let you 'kick' leaves around a screen by moving your arms and legs.
"It was moving to see how technical skills could bring an artist's idea to life," said O'Shaughnessy. "And, even more, to articulate to a programmer how that creation could then be useful in, say, a theatrical performance or as part of an artistic installation to inspire them further and involve them creatively in the process."
While Artek Circle involved collaborators working in close quarters in a room at The Fringe Lab in Dublin, O'Shaughnessy is also interested in how individuals can interact more expansively with cities by playing in them.
She was recently involved in 'Journey to the end of the night' in Dublin, a type of grown-up 'kick the can' where players ran at night from one checkpoint to the next through Dublin, but at any point could be caught by 'chasers'. If caught, a runner became a chaser and chased the remaining runners as they tried to reach the checkpoints.
Turning the city into a playground was a transformative experience for many of the players, she recalled. "It's amazing, putting that framework onto something changes people's experience of the city - they would have a heightened awareness of streets and structures and arrive at the end of the game exhausted but exhilarated."
For O'Shaughnessy, whose background is in languages and acting, getting involved in immersive games also made her curious about technology, and she completed a master's degree in interactive media at the University of Limerick.
While there, she found that her acting skills could bring a new dimension to design, particularly when seeing what would work for users in real life.
"I would see people trying to design games sitting at a computer - but we don't play games in our heads, so I thought it made more sense to act out how the user would use it, to be more aware of the user's surroundings as they are playing the game," she said. "I think a lot of people are designing things for users who will be moving, and getting the designs to a really far point and only then bringing them for testing. I would prefer to mock things up really early on in the process, get people involved, mess around with ideas and eliminate things that don't work."
Currently artist in residence at Project Arts Centre in Dublin, O'Shaughnessy is involved with numerous projects that bubble art through engineering, technology and play. And one of her big pieces of advice to anyone with an idea is not to hold back and wait to be asked. "Don't ask for permission, stop waiting for someone, put yourself forward," she said.
She practises what she preaches too: O'Shaughnessy recently put herself forward as a speaker for the International Festival of Independent Games and got accepted, so she travelled to New York last January to talk and take part in the event.
Then in April, she brought her movement-and-technology-based 'Charge!' game to the Amaze festival in Berlin and she has plenty on the boil for the rest of this year too, including organising a festival called Prototype in Dublin in October: "It's going to bring together lots that is playful - street games, playful engineering and design," she said.
Photo Caption: Hialry O’Shaughnessy, actor and designer.
| 2019-04-25T15:50:18 |
https://www.idaireland.com/newsroom/actor-takes-a-playful-app
|
0.999902 |
Is the Secular Movement Hostile to Women?
Blogger Sarah Moglia (RantaSarah Rex) recently stated on Twitter that the secular movement is hostile to women. While I question the merits of depicting the whole of the secular movement in this manner, I am interested in hearing what she has to say. After all, there do appear to be pockets of hostility toward women within the secular movement, as well as in the broader culture surrounding us.
Sexism occurs in the atheist community, as does sexual harassment, and other non-sexual forms of harassment. It is great that there are plenty of women active in the atheist community who have not experienced any of this in our community and who feel perfectly safe and welcome. At the same time, it is important to acknowledge that there are also plenty of women who have had far less positive experiences and who have come forward to talk about it.
I recognize that a few prominent voices in our community who describe themselves as feminists have acquired reputations for overreaction and hyperbole. I also acknowledge that some have defined harassment so broadly that they seem to equate it with disagreement and criticism. And yet, I think it would be a mistake to conclude that every woman who complains about sexism or harassment in the atheist community is lying, exaggerating, or overreacting. Many are accurately describing their unfortunate experiences.
When Sarah notes that she does not invite talented women to join the secular movement because she regards it as being hostile to women, this should get our attention. And once it has our attention, we should seek out additional information to help us assess the problem and generate solutions.
Is this sentiment widely shared among women in the atheist community?
How does the atheist community compare with the broader culture in terms of this sort of hostility? Are we worse, better, or no different?
Does perceived hostility prevent other atheists from inviting talented women to join secular organizations like Secular Woman or attend conferences like Women in Secularism?
How is the perceived hostility affected by name calling directed at women who have had more positive experiences in our community than those described by persons with negative experiences?
How can we, as both individuals and groups, effectively reduce this hostility?
I am sure there are many other questions we could be asking, but these are just a few of those I'm surprised we aren't asking more often.
| 2019-04-24T18:54:30 |
https://www.atheistrev.com/2013/05/is-secular-movement-hostile-to-women.html
|
0.999344 |
Below are answers to the commonly asked questions related to the my nrma app.
What phones and operating systems are supported?
iPhone: The my nrma app is compatible with iPhone 5 and above with the operating system iOS 8 and above.
Android phones: Android phones with operating system 5.0 and above are supported.
Windows phones: Unfortunately the my nrma app is unavailable for Windows phones.
Who provides the fuel pricing data?
The NSW Government provides the fuel pricing data for all NSW fuel stations. It has been made possible with the introduction of the Fuel Price Transparency Reform. Service station operators are required to ensure the price of fuel exactly matches the standard price at the pump.
Why is my local fuel station not on the app?
- Check you have location services turned on for the my nrma app.
- Check if you need to change the fuel type you are looking for by opening up the fuel selector at the top of the fuel page.
- If you still do not see your fuel station you can inform Fair Trading.
When will the fuel feature be available for ACT users of the my nrma app?
NRMA will continue to urge the ACT Government to adopt the same fuel data transparency practices. As soon as the data becomes available, NRMA will endeavour to add results for ACT users.
What happens if I see a price discrepancy when I get to the fuel station?
It is easy to report an incorrect fuel price to Fair Trading. To report an incorrect price, go to the fuel section of the my nrma app and view the 'Station page' for that particular fuel station operator to find the 'incorrect price' link.
How do I find out more about the Fuel Price Transparency Act?
Does the my nrma app show street parking?
No. Only parking lots are currently shown within the app.
Why is a certain parking lot not on the app?
NRMA receives the parking data from third party feeds. Always update your my nrma app as NRMA endeavours to provide more parking lot coverage and information.
Who can redeem an offer on the my nrma app?
Classic Care, Premium Care, Premium Plus, free2go Roadside and Club Care Members can login to the app to redeem an offer.
Business Motoring Members cannot login to the app. Please go to the website for business offers.
I would like to take advantage of an offer I have previously purchased or viewed but can't find it anymore. How do I find this offer?
If the offer is not available on the app, then please peruse the website for the full catalogue of offers.
If it can't be found on the website then the offer may have expired.
How can regional Members take advantage of offers?
Many of our offers are relevant for all Members, regardless of where they live in Australia. Please check the app or peruse the full catalogue of offers on the website to find an offer most relevant to you.
| 2019-04-22T22:37:27 |
https://www.mynrma.com.au/membership/my-nrma-app/faqs
|
0.998774 |
The mission of Northwest Educational Center is to provide high quality training in business and medical programs to enhance skills and improve employability in the work force. The Center believes and promotes the theory that knowledge and work related skills along with a strong work ethic and sense of professionalism are the tools necessary to enable individuals to become strong, reliable employees. The Center's primary focus is to provide an educational environment that is most conducive to learning. The Center maintains an objective based criterion for completion of all instructional programs with emphasis on learning the principles of the subject and applying the knowledge to the task at hand.
The mission of Northwest Educational Center is to provide high quality training in business and medical programs to enhance skills and improve employability in the work force. The Center believes and promotes the theory that knowledge and work related skills along with a strong work ethic and sense of professionalism are the tools necessary to enable individuals to become strong, reliable employees. The Centers primary focus is to provide an educational environment that is most conducive to learning. The Center maintains an objective based criterion for completion of all instructional programs with emphasis on learning the principles of the subject and applying the knowledge to the task at hand.
Question and Answer about "Northwest Educational Center"
| 2019-04-20T18:19:37 |
http://azcis.careers.org/education/colleges/369686?city=houston&name=northwest-educational-center&state_or_country_name=texas
|
0.998122 |
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| 2019-04-22T02:16:04 |
http://kuvertiermaschine-info.de/abc/images/book/online-Fragments-of-the-European-City/
|
0.999214 |
Which sauce is traditionally eaten with turkey during Thanksgiving in the United States?
Cranberry - The very first Thanksgiving was celebrated by the Pilgrims in 1621.
Which Chinese dish literally means "Assorted Pieces"?
Chop Suey - Chop suey was most likely invented in America by Chinese Americans.
What kind of fish is Calamari?
Squid - Calamari is traditionally found in Mediterranean and Asian cuisines.
The "Norfolk Giant" and the "Lloyd George" are types of what fruit or vegetable?
Raspberry - Raspberries are part of the rose family.
Peking Duck is the national dish of which country?
China - Peking Duck has been prepared in China since the imperial era.
If you ordered "Escargots" in a French restaurant, what would you receive?
Snails - May 24th is 'National Escargot Day' in the United States.
What is another term for "Vitamin C"?
Ascorbic Acid - Since Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, your body doesn't store it.
Feta is a cheese from which country?
Greece - Feta is made with sheep's milk, or sometimes from a mixture of sheep and goat's milk.
Cinnamon comes from which part of the tree?
Bark - Cinnamon was highly prized among ancient nations.
A White Lady cocktail consists of which main alcoholic ingredient?
Gin - Created in 1919, the White Lady originally featured creme de menthe in place of gin.
Caviar comes from which species of fish?
Sturgeon - Considered a delicacy, Caviar is eaten as a garnish or a spread.
Brassica Rapa is the Latin name for which vegetable?
Turnip - Turnip is a root vegetable.
From which country does the dish "Moussaka" originate?
Greece - Moussaka consists of eggplant and/or potatoes with minced meat.
In Japan, what type of drink is "Matcha"?
Green tea - Matcha is made from shade-grown tea leaves.
Plantain is the cooking variety of which fruit?
Banana - Plantains are unsuitable raw.
"Sauerkraut" is a German dish consisting of which pickled vegetable?
Cabbage - Sauerkraut is cabbage that has been fermented by lactic acid bacteria.
In the United States, the cut of meat known as "Sirloin" comes from which part of the cow?
Rear Back - In the United Kingdom, the word sirloin refers to cuts of meat from the upper middle of the cow.
The Russian dish "Solyanka" consists mainly of what ingredient?
Cucumber - Solyanka is prepared by cooking cucumbers with brine and then adding other ingredients.
What flavor is the liqueur "Triple Sec"?
Orange - Triple Sec is flavored with dried peels of bitter and sweet oranges.
What is the name of the small, flat griddle used in Mexico to cook tortillas and meat?
Comal - Comals are generally made from heavy cast iron.
| 2019-04-25T09:46:52 |
https://triviachamp.com/Food-And-Drink-Trivia-Quiz-E16.php
|
0.999606 |
Note: The answers should be summarise in your own language; otherwise it will reduce some marks.
1. What is a software testing?
and which one of the following statement is correct?
a) Software testing can evaluate a system but its components with the intent to find that whether it only satisfies the specified requirements.
b) It involves execution of a software to evaluate only one properties of interest.
c) It helps to identify errors but is not able to fix the gaps or missing requirements.
d) It can check that the actual result matches the expected result.
ANSWER(a): Software Testing is the process of identifying the correctness and quality of software program. The purpose is to check whether the software satisfies the specific requirements, needs and expectations of the customer. In other words, testing is executing a system or application in order to find software bugs, defects or errors. The job of testing is to find out the reasons of appli-cation failures so that they can be corrected according to requirements.
Car manufacturer tests the car for maximum speed, fuel efficiency and safety from crash. These tests later become the part of advertising strategy for car sales.
1. Manual Testing: Test Cases executed manually.
2. Automation Testing: Testing performed with the help of automation tools.
ANSWER(b): option a is correct.
? Error : It is a system error that produces the incorrect result that produces a failure.
? Bug : The presence of error at the time of execution of the software.
? Fault : Human’s state that caused by an error.
? Failure : Deviation of the software from its expected result. It is an event.
3. What is SDLC? How many stages does it have? Please describe each one in a brief sentence (using your own word)?
Answer : Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process used by the software industry to design, develop and test high quality softwares. The SDLC aims to produce a high-quality software that meets or exceeds customer expectations, reaches completion within times and cost esti-mates.
• SDLC is the acronym of Software Development Life Cycle.
• It is also called as Software Development Process.
• SDLC is a framework defining tasks performed at each step in the software development pro-cess.
• ISO/IEC 12207 is an international standard for software life-cycle processes. It aims to be the standard that defines all the tasks required for developing and maintaining software.
Stage 1: Planning and Requirement Analysis : it is the most important and fundamental stage in SDLC. It is performed by the senior members of the team with inputs from the customer, the sales department, market surveys and domain experts in the industry. This information is then used to plan the basic project approach and to conduct product feasibility study in the economical, opera-tional and technical areas. Planning for the quality assurance requirements and identification of the risks associated with the project is also done in the planning stage. The outcome of the tech-nical feasibility study is to define the various technical approaches that can be followed to imple-ment the project successfully with minimum risks.
Stage 2: Defining Requirements :Once the requirement analysis is done the next step is to clearly define and document the product requirements and get them approved from the customer or the market analysts. This is done through an SRS (Software Requirement Specification) document which consists of all the product requirements to be designed and developed during the project life cycle.
Stage 3: Designing the Product Architecture :SRS is the reference for product architects to come out with the best architecture for the product to be developed. Based on the requirements speci-fied in SRS, usually more than one design approach for the product architecture is proposed and documented in a DDS – Design Document Specification. This DDS is reviewed by all the important stakeholders and based on various parameters as risk assessment, product robustness, design modularity, budget and time constraints, the best design approach is selected for the product. A design approach clearly defines all the architectural modules of the product along with its com-munication and data flow representation with the external and third party modules (if any). The internal design of all the modules of the proposed architecture should be clearly defined with the minutest of the details in DDS.
Stage 4: Building or Developing the Product: In this stage of SDLC the actual development starts and the product is built. The programming code is generated as per DDS during this stage. If the design is performed in a detailed and organized manner, code generation can be accomplished without much hassle. Developers must follow the coding guidelines defined by their organization and programming tools like compilers, interpreters, debuggers, etc. are used to generate the code. Different high level programming languages such as C, C++, Pascal, Java and PHP are used for coding. The programming language is chosen with respect to the type of software being devel-oped.
Stage 5: Testing the Product: This stage is usually a subset of all the stages as in the modern SDLC models, the testing activities are mostly involved in all the stages of SDLC. However, this stage refers to the testing only stage of the product where product defects are reported, tracked, fixed and retested, until the product reaches the quality standards defined in the SRS.
Stage 6: Deployment in the Market and Maintenance: Once the product is tested and ready to be deployed it is released formally in the appropriate market. Sometimes product deployment happens in stages as per the business strategy of that organization. The product may first be re-leased in a limited segment and tested in the real business environment (UAT- User acceptance testing). Then based on the feedback, the product may be released as it is or with suggested en-hancements in the targeting market segment. After the product is released in the market, its maintenance is done for the existing customer base.
• Big Bang Model Other related methodologies are Agile Model, RAD Model, Rapid Application Development and Prototyping Models.
a) The whole process of software development goes to one joint phases.
c) The input of one phase acts as the same input for the next phase.
Answer (a) : WATERFALL MODEL : The Waterfall life cycle model, also known as the classic or linear-sequential life cycle model, is one of the simplest to understand and use. The Waterfall model is characterized by a series of steps that must be completed in a linear, sequential order. Each phase is completed and verified before development progresses to the next phase.
Following each phase is a formal review process that results in the decision to proceed to the next phase. Testing is performed late in the development process, and phases do not overlap. When one phase is completed, the entire development effort shifts to the next phase. This cascading flow from one phase to another is the basis of the Waterfall model’s name.
Advantages of the Waterfall model : As a formalized approach to software development, the Waterfall model is simple and easy to use. This model can be easy to implement and manage be-cause each phase has a specific purpose, and development occurs in only one phase at a time. The Waterfall model is appropriate for small development projects in which the requirements are well understood.
Disadvantages of the Waterfall model : Although the Waterfall model provides a good introduc-tion to software life cycle models, its usefulness is limited. Due to the rigidity of the model, all re-quirements must be stated explicitly before development begins. If requirements change or are added, the project must start over from the beginning. No working software is developed until very late in the process, and this delay creates a great deal of uncertainty and risk. If errors are made in requirements-gathering or design, they may not be discovered until very late in the im-plementation or testing phases. Due to these issues, the Waterfall model is inappropriate for complex projects. It should not be used for developing object-oriented software, for long-term or ongoing projects, or for projects in which requirements are unknown or subject to change.
ANSWER (b): options b and d are correct.
a) Requirements are not very well documented or clear and fixed.
b) The project is short.
c) Product definition is unstable.
d) Technology is understood and is statics.
e) Ample resources with required expertise are available to support the product.
f) There are ambiguous requirements.
ANSWER : b and d are correct.
6. What is Iterative SDLC Model? Advantage and disadvantages ?
ANSWER : Iterative Model works on the simplified requirements which are the subsets of the software or application requirements. The product is iteratively enhanced and developed to the final product for deployment. It is called as a “build ” for each iteration. So at each build, design amendments and new functionalities are added to the product. With iterative model, the software is implemented by small portions at a time.
• Major requirements are defined but them in or details might evolve when time goes.
• New technologies are being used and there is a learning curve for the programmers to learn.
• Resources are limited to do a huge or project as if small project or teammates are in contract rather than permanent.
• Very high risk as the goal of the project might change from time to time.
• Easier to start on a complex project.
• Preview the project periodically.
• Parallel implementation is allowed.
• Project can still be managed like waterfall Model with clear schedule and milestones.
• Easier testing and troubleshooting at each build.
• Support and less costly for scope or requirement change.
• Suitable for huge and core projects.
• Better communication with business user as feedbacks can be gather at each build.
• High risk due to system architecture and designs keep changing.
• Issues might occur for integration of each build.
• More management work to do ensure each build can meet the standard.
• Overlapping implementation could be chaotic.
• Need more involvement of business users.
• Easier but more time is needed for each testing as each testing have to cover all the previous works.
b) Quality Assurance doesn’t involve in process-oriented activities.
c) The Defects may arises when the Software Application is being developed.
ANSWER : option (a) is correct.
The process of inspecting products to ensure that they meet the required quality standards.
This method checks the quality of completed products for faults. Quality inspectors measure or test every product, samples from each batch, or random samples – as appropriate to the kind of product is produced. The main objective of quality control is to ensure that the business is achiev-ing the standards it sets for itself.
ANSWER : Verification makes sure that the product is designed to deliver all functionality to the customer.
• Verification is done at the starting of the development process. It includes reviews and meetings, walk-throughs, inspection, etc. to evaluate documents, plans, code, require-ments and specifications.
• It answers the questions like: Am I building the product right?
• Am I accessing the data right (in the right place; in the right way).
• Performed during development on key artefacts, like walkthroughs, reviews and inspec-tions, mentor feedback, training, checklists and standards.
• Demonstration of consistency, completeness, and correctness of the software at each stage and between each stage of the development life cycle.
1. Verification helps in lowering down the count of the defect in the later stages of develop-ment.
2. Verifying the product at the starting phase of the development will help in understanding the product in a better way.
3. It reduces the chances of failures in the software application or product.
4. It helps in building the product as per the customer specifications and needs.
Static Testing is type of testing in which the code is not executed. It can be done manually or by a set of tools. This type of testing checks the code, requirement documents and design documents and puts review comments on the work document. When the software is non –operational and in-active, we perform security testing to analyse the software in non-runtime environment. With static testing, we try to find out the errors, code flaws and potentially malicious code in the soft-ware application. It starts earlier in development life cycle and hence it is also called verification testing. Static testing can be done on work documents like requirement specifications, design doc-uments, source code, test plans, test scripts and test cases, web page content.
Dynamic testing is done when the code is in operation mode. Dynamic testing is performed in runtime environment. When the code being executed is input with a value, the result or the output of the code is checked and compared with the expected output. With this we can observe the func-tional behaviour of the software, monitor the system memory, CPU response time, performance of the system. Dynamic testing is also known as validation testing , evaluating the finished product. Dynamic testing is of two types: Functional Testing and Non functional testing.
• Unit Testing: Testing of individual modules by developers.. The source code is tested in it.
• Integration Testing: Testing the interface between different modules then they are joined..
• System Testing: Testing performed on the system as a whole.
• Acceptance Testing: Testing done from user point of view at user’s end.
ANSWER : option (d) INTEGRATION TESTING is correct.
ANSWER : Integration testing is one of the type of Dynamic Testing.
ANSWER (a): ALPHA TESTING : Alpha testing is a type of testing that is done on an application to-wards the end of a development process when the product is almost in a usable state.
This type of testing does not involve functional testing on the application. Instead, it is a user test-ing on the application in order to understand the user behavior and experience on the application. Normally this test is performed by test engineers, employees and sometimes friends / family members with the aim of trying to emulate around 80% of the customers. While these users test and give their feedback, the development team observes the behavior to check for design issues in the application. Alpha testing is mainly conducted to unveil bugs that might arise due to abrupt errors created by the users, validate the quality state of the software in minimal time and finally propound a build that procures the specifications required. Once this test is executed properly, the software is ready for the next stage, i.e., the beta test. Alpha testing has two phases. The first phase consists of testing by the developers. The software used is either hardware-assisted debug-gers or debugger software. The basic motive is to detect bugs quickly. The second phase of testing is done by the quality assurance team, which ensures that the build works perfectly on the envi-ronment similar to user end.
ANSWER (b) : option (c) is correct.
ANSWER : Beta testing, which is a type of User Acceptance Testing is among the most crucial software testing, performed before the release of the software. Considered to be a type of field test, beta testing is performed by a group of end users.
1.Open Beta Testing: Open beta testing generally involves the testing of the software product by the large number of the people or target audience, before the final release. Organization decides to make software product open to public on any specific date before its release announcing that specific date. This witnesses the large participation of the public to use and evaluate the software product and accordingly, report the bugs (if any found) to the organization, along with the sugges-tions in order to improve the software quality.
This witnesses the large participation of the public to use and evaluate the software product and accordingly, report the bugs (if any found) to the organization, along with the suggestions in order to improve the software quality.
2.Closed Beta Testing: Contrary to open beta testing, closed beta testing is carried out by the se-lective and limited number of persons, which are being invited by the organization. The software product is not opened to the public.
3.Traditional Beta Testing: In this type of testing, the software product is delivered to the target market and feedback of the users is collected from all aspects. With the assistance of this type of testing the quality of the software is improved and the developers are able to make necessary changes.
4.Public Beta Testing: Similar to open beta testing, in this type of testing also, the product is de-livered to the end users worldwide, with the aid of various online channels available in the world. Moreover, the feedback and evaluated data is also collected through this means, based on which required changes and modifications are implemented by the development team.
5.Technical Beta Testing: Another important type of beta testing, technical beta testing involves delivering the software product to the internal groups of an organization, wherein the data and feedback is provided by the employees of the organization.
6.Focused Beta Testing: As suggested by the name, this type of testing is focused on evaluating and monitoring a specific feature or component of the software. Hence, in focused beta testing, the software is delivered to the market and user’s experience is collected and evaluated to make required changes.
7.Post Release Beta Testing: In post release beta testing, the product is delivered to the market for the use of the end users and their reactions, experience, and feedback is collected for the fu-ture release of the software.
b) Poor scalability cannot handle the expected number of users or when it does not accom-modate a wide enough range of users.
c) Performance Testing is conducted by business owners, it tests whether the system does in fact, meet their business requirements.
d) Stress testing is used to gauge how certain stressors will affect a company. it involves test-ing an application under extreme workloads to see how it handles high traffic or data pro-cessing.
15. What is Validation in software testing?
ANSWER : Validation is determining if the system complies with the requirements and performs functions for which it is intended and meets the organization’s goals and user needs.
1.Validation is done at the end of the development process and takes place after verifications are completed.
2.It answers the question like: Am I building the right product?Am I accessing the right data (in terms of the data required to satisfy the requirement).
3.It is a High level activity.
4.Performed after a work product is produced against established criteria ensuring that the prod-uct integrates correctly into the environment.
5.Determination of correctness of the final software product by a development project with re-spect to the user needs and requirements.
1. During verification if some defects are missed then during validation process it can be caught as failures.
2. If during verification some specification is misunderstood and development had happened then during validation process while executing that functionality the difference between the actual result and expected result can be understood.
3. Validation is done during testing like feature testing, integration testing, system testing, load testing, compatibility testing, stress testing, etc.
4. Validation helps in building the right product as per the customer’s requirement and helps in satisfying their needs.
16. What is White Box Testing?
White box testing is the detailed investigation of internal logic and structure of the code. White box testing is also called glass testing or open box testing. In order to perform white box testing on an application, the tester needs to possess knowledge of the internal working of the code. The tester needs to have a look inside the source code and find out which unit/chunk of the code is be-having inappropriately.
1.As the tester has knowledge of the source code, it becomes very easy to find out which type of data can help in testing the application effectively.
2.It helps in optimizing the code.
3. Extra lines of code can be removed which can bring in hidden defects.
4. Due to the tester’s knowledge about the code, maximum coverage is attained during test sce-nario writing.
• Due to the fact that a skilled tester is needed to perform white box testing, the costs are in-creased.
‘• Sometimes it is impossible to look into every nook and corner to find out hidden errors that may create problems as many paths will go untested.
• It is difficult to maintain white box testing as the use of specialized tools like code analyzers and debugging tools are required.
17. What is Big Bang Approach?
ANSWER: Big Bang Integration Testing is an integration testing strategy, wherein all units are linked at once, which results in a complete and efficient system. In this type of integration testing all the components as well as the modules of the software are integrated simultaneously, after which everything is tested as a whole. During the process of big bang integration testing, most of the developed modules are coupled together to form a complete software system or a major part of the system, which is then used for integration testing. This approach of software testing is very effective as it enables software testers to save time as well as their efforts during the integration testing process.
However, if the test cases and their results are not properly recorded in big bang testing, the en-tire integration process can become complicated and may also prevent the testing team from get-ting their desired goals or results from integration testing. This approach, therefore, is generally executed by those developers who follow the ‘Run it and see’ approach.
• Big bang integration testing is used to test the complete system.
• The amount of planning required for this type of testing is almost negligible.
• All the modules are completed before the inception of integration testing.
• It does not require assistance from middle components such as stubs and driver, on which testing is dependent.
• Big bang testing is cost effective.
• There is no need of immediate builds and efforts required for the system.
• In Big bang integration testing, it is difficult to trace the cause of failures as the modules are integrated late.
• This approach is quite challenging and risky, as all the modules and components are inte-grated together in a single step.
• If any bug is found it becomes difficult to detach all the modules on order to find out its root cause.
• Defects present at the interface of components are identified at a later stage, as all the components are integrated in one shot.
• Since all the modules are tested together chances of failure increases.
• There is a high probability of missing some crucial defects, errors and issues, which might pop up in the production environment.
• It is difficult and tough to cover all the cases for integration testing without missing even a single scenario.
• Isolating any defect or bug during the testing process is difficult.
• If the test cases and their results are not recorded properly, it can complicate the integra-tion testing and prevent developers and testers from achieving their desired goals.
18. What is the black box testing and what are the advantages?
The technique of testing without having any knowledge of the interior workings of the application is Black Box testing. The tester is oblivious to the system architecture and does not have access to the source code. Typically, when performing a black box test, a tester will interact with the sys-tem’s user interface by providing inputs and examining outputs without knowing how and where the inputs are worked upon.
• Well suited and efficient for large code segments.
• Code Access not required.
• Clearly separates user’s perspective from the developer’s perspective through visibly defined roles.
• Large numbers of moderately skilled testers can test the application with no knowledge of im-plementation, programming language or operating systems.
• Limited Coverage since only a selected number of test scenarios are actually performed.
• Inefficient testing, due to the fact that the tester only has limited knowledge about an applica-tion.
• Blind Coverage, since the tester cannot target specific code segments or error prone areas.
• The test cases are difficult to design.
19. What is Bottom-Up Approach?
• Integration testing becomes necessary to validate that various software modules are work-ing in unity. .
• At the time of module development, there can be a change in client’s requirements. If these requirements have not gone through unit testing, integration testing becomes com-pulsory for them.
• Interfaces of software modules with database can contain errors, which can be resolved through integration testing.
• As inadequate exception handling could cause issues and hence require integration testing.
1.It is appropriate for applications where bottom-up design methodology is used.
2.Test conditions can be created easily.
4.Always starting at the bottom of the hierarchy again means that the critical modules are gener-ally built and tested first and therefore any errors or mistakes in these forms of modules are iden-tified early in the process.
5. Advantageous if major flaws occur towards the bottom of the program.
1.Test engineers cannot observe system level functions from a partly integrated system.
2.They cannot observe the system level functions until the top level test driver is in place.
3.The program as an entity does not exist until the last module is added.
4.One big disadvantage of bottom up strategy is that, in this sort of testing no working model can be represented as far as several modules have been built.
5.This approach is driven by the existing infrastructure instead of the business processes.
20. What are the different Types of Software Testing?
• Acceptance Testing: The aim of this testing is to test the compliance of the software with client’s and business requirements and to assess its acceptability for delivery.
• Agile Testing: Important testing technique, wherein testing ; development activities hap-pen concurrently. Is also known as release or delivery driven approach.
• Accessibility Testing: Subset of usability testing, accessibility testing ensures that the ap-plication can be used by people with disabilities easily. Includes testing compliance with various accessibility standards.
• Adhoc Testing: This testing does not follow any structured way of testing and requires no documentation and planning. Here, testing is performed randomly by the testers.
• Alpha Testing: A type of acceptance testing, it stimulates real users with the assistance of black box and white box testing.
• Beta Testing: Here, software is tested in the real environment by real users. It can be termed as an external form of acceptance testing that reduces product failure risks and provides increased product quality.
• Functional Testing: Functional testing validates that the software has all the required func-tionalities.
• Non-Functional Testing: The aim of testing here is to ensure the non-functional require-ments of the software, such as the way the system operates.
• Black Box Testing: During this testing, knowledge of software’s internal structure, code, design, etc. is not required.
• White Box Testing: Here, the testers are aware of the internal structure and design of the software. It is applicable to unit testing, integration testing, etc.
• Gray Box Testing: A combination of white box and black box testing, in gray box testing testers have a limited knowledge of software’s internal structure. It is considered to be non-intrusive and unbiased.
• Compatibility Testing: It helps in determining the compatibility of the software product with various devices, environment, OS, networks, platforms, and more.
• Installation Testing: A crucial testing technique, installation testing ensures successful in-stallation of the application, before it is made available for the use of the end users.
• Endurance Testing: This is a type of non-functional testing, which is also known as soak testing. It involves testing a software under a significant load to validate its behaviour.
• Exploratory Testing: It tests the functionality, performance, features, and all the other components of the software, when the specifications and requirements are not defined.
• Integration Testing: Executed after unit testing ; before validation testing, here individual software modules are combined and tested as a group.
• Component Testing: Also known as program ; module testing, it tests the various compo-nents of the software in isolation to evaluate their quality and accuracy.
• System Testing: This testing is executed on a complete and integrated system to evaluate its compliance with its specified requirements.
• Load Testing: A type of performance testing technique, which is used to determine the performance of the system under real life load conditions.
• Localization Testing: Tests the software to make it suitable for a particular region, coun-try, or language. Makes the software culturally and linguistically appropriate.
• Globalization Testing: Ensure the adaptability, flexibility, and functionality of the software components, while making sure it is geographically, culturally, and linguistically acceptable all over the world.
• Regression Testing: Helps verify the performance of the software after it is changed or in-terfaced with other software systems.
• Smoke Testing: Also referred as build verification testing, smoke testing is performed to ensure software system’s critical functionalities are working as intended.
• Sanity Testing: Performed, after minor changes are executed in the software build, to make sure its functionality is not hindered by the executed changes.
• Security Testing: This type of testing is performed to protect the software and application from unforeseen threats and various security breaches.
• Scalability Testing: Measures the capability of a software, network, or process to continue working properly even after changes are implemented in its size and volume.
• Performance Testing: Determines the performance, stability, responsiveness of the soft-ware under expected workload.
• Stress Testing: Tests the software and its performance, functionality, and effectiveness un-der unfavourable and unexpected conditions.
• Usability Testing: Also known as user experience testing, here the software product is tested by user representatives.
• Volume Testing: A non-functional testing type, where software is tested by increasing the volume of data in the database. The aim is to analyze the performance of the software.
• A/B Testing: A statistical hypothesis testing or split testing, wherein two variants of the web page are tested to determine the better performing variant.
| 2019-04-23T00:35:40 |
https://oranguide.com/name-5/
|
0.998757 |
My 5 year old child was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes 2 years ago. At his recent physical, his physician noticed that my child's thyroid was enlarged and suggested a blood test. Please advise me what to expect from a positive blood test result. Is this a complication common in a diabetic who has only had the disease for 2 years? What type of treatment is available and the side effects of having an enlarged thyroid?
An enlarged thyroid gland may be the first signs of the thyroid becoming either overactive or underactive. Just as diabetes in children is nearly always an autoimmune disease, autoimmune thyroiditis [thyroid inflammation] can also occur but less commonly. Probably 2-5% of children with diabetes are at risk of developing hypothyroidism, and this can occur at any time. It is relatively easy to treat with thyroid tablets. You should talk it over with your endocrine team.
Another common cause of thyroid problems, but not related to diabetes or autoimmune disease, is due to iodine deficiency.
| 2019-04-20T06:17:52 |
http://old.childrenwithdiabetes.com/dteam/1999-12/d_0d_4fq.htm
|
0.997636 |
Discursive passage involving opinion e.g. argumentative, persuasive or interpretative text.
1. A passage to test reading comprehension. The passage can be literary, factual or discursive. The length of the passage should be between 600-700 words.
2. A shorter passage of 350-500 words for note-making and abstraction.
3. One out of two short compositions of not more than 50 words 5 each e.g. advertisement and notices, designing or drafting posters, writing formal and informal invitations and replies.
6. One out of two compositions based on visual and/or verbal input 10 (150-200 words). Output may be descriptive or argumentative in nature such as an article, or a speech.
8. Three out of four short questions from the poetry section to 6 test local and global comprehension of text.
With a view to in still the habit of reading among the students, CBSE introduces compulsory reading of Long Reading Text/Novel in the English Core Course and will be evaluated in both Formative and Summative Assessments.
There will be two long answer questions on the theme, plot, character and incidents from the prescribed novel. Schools can choose any one of the two novels.
| 2019-04-23T16:16:42 |
https://www.careerindia.com/exams/cbse/class-12-english-syllabus-013090.html
|
0.999996 |
1. You are going to read about a traveller and explorer called Patrick Malone. Look at the flow chart. What type of information do you think you need for each gap?
Born in Switzerland in 1968.
Moved to 1 ……………when he was twelve.
Got a job as a 3 …………….
Once travelled more than 4 …………… on foot on a single trip.
Joined an 6 …………… to the Amazon.
2. Use the words in the box to complete the flow chart above and then check your answers by reading the passage.
Patrick Malone is a traveller, writer and broadcaster. He was born in 1968 in Basel, Switzerland, where his British parents were working for a pharmaceutical company. His family left Switzerland when he was twelve, and returned to their home in Britain. For the next six years, Malone attended the local secondary school. He then went to Leeds University to do a course in Human Geography. He wanted to become a town planner. However, the only work he could find was as a teacher at a local school.
During his holidays and free time, he went walking, often covering very long distances very quickly. On one occasion he walked the entire length of Britain, a distance of over 1,400 kilometres, in less than a month. He enjoyed the experience and the challenge so much that he started walking in different parts of the world, usually in fairly remote areas away from major population centres. The people he met and the experiences he had on these trips provided him with some excellent material for his classes.
It was during one trip that he met his old university tutor, Don Perkins. At the time, Perkins was putting together a team of geographers and biologists for a research trip to the Amazon, and asked Malone if he would like to go with them. The expedition was for a whole year, and so he had to give up his job at the school, but Malone did not hesitate to accept Perkins' offer. He sold his car to make some money, bought an airline ticket for Brazil and set off.
3. Read the next part of the passage, and complete gaps 7-12. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each one.
The Amazon expedition, which took six months and covered a distance of almost 2,500 kilometres, was a great success. The group discovered some new plant and insect species, as well as a forest tribe which people had never heard of. Malone enjoyed the trip so much that he decided to become a full-time explorer. He earned money by writing travel articles for magazines and newspapers, which he illustrated with his own photographs.
In 1996, he married Margaret Logan, an American doctor he had met while travelling around Africa. In 1998 they had Adam, the first of three children (twins Amelia and Jennifer were born a year later). Many families at this stage would settle down, but Margaret and Patrick decided to keep travelling, spending two years walking around India and another twelve months exploring the islands of Indonesia.
When they returned home, they wrote a magazine article about travelling with small children. It was so popular that they were asked to write several more articles on the same subject. This was followed by an offer from a television company to present a TV series about travelling with children. The series ran for 12 years, and won several television awards. Today they still make the most of every opportunity to travel, and have recently returned from the South Pacific.
Travelled 2,500 kilometres through the Amazon.
7 …………a tribe that nobody knew existed.
8 …………someone he met on a trip.
They had 9 …………: Adam, Amelia and Jennifer.
Explored the Indonesian islands for 10 ………….
Still likes to 12 …………whenever possible.
4. Look at this picture and answer the questions below.
1. What do you think this person does?
2. What are the dangers involved in a job like this?
5. You are going to read a passage about a woman called Sylvia Earle. Before you read the passage, look at the title and the subheading. What do you think the passage will talk about?
6. Read the passage on page 14. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER FROM THE PASSAGE for each answer.
1. What career did Sylvia decide to follow after her first dive?
2. How far under water did she go in order to break a world record?
3. What was causing harm to everything living in the sea?
4. Where does Sylvia think we should get our fish from?
She has spent her working life studying the world's oceans Sylvia Earle is an underwater explorer and marine biologist who was born in the USA in 1935. She became interested in the world's oceans from an early age. As a child, she liked to stand on the beach for hours and look at the sea, wondering what it must be like under the surface.
When she was 16, she finally got a chance to make her first dive. It was this dive that inspired her to become an underwater explorer. Since then, she has spent more than 6,500 hours under water, and has led more than seventy expeditions worldwide. She has also made the deepest dive ever, reaching a record-breaking depth of 381 metres.
In 1970, she became famous around the world when she became the captain of the first all-female team to live under water. The team spent two weeks in an underwater 'house'. The research they carried out showed the damage that pollution was causing to marine life, and especially to coral reefs. Her team also studied the problem of over-fishing. Fishing methods meant that people were catching too many fish, Earle warned, and many species were in danger of becoming extinct.
Since then she has written several books and magazine articles in which she suggests ways of reducing the damage that is being done to the world's oceans. One way, she believes, is to rely on fish farms for seafood, and reduce the amount of fishing that is done out at sea. Although she no longer eats seafood herself, she realises the importance it plays in our diets. It would be wrong to tell people they should stop eating fish from the sea, she says. However, they need to reduce the impact they are having on the ocean's supplies.
7. Now decide if these statements are TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN according to the information in the passage.
| 2019-04-22T20:02:34 |
http://hopeco.edu.vn/bai-viet/IELTS-HOPECO-READING-Unit-2-Peoples-lives-WB-4-55-344
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0.999999 |
Directions: In each of the following questions, four different ways of presenting an idea are given. Choose the one that is grammatically correct and confirms most closely to Standard English usage.
a) They had fewer complaints in the new house which had an area with fewer that 1000 square feet.
b)They had less complaints in the new house which had an area with less than 1000 square feet.
c)They had less complaints in the new house which had an area with fewer than 1000 square feet.
a)If we win the match , there was a large bonus in store for us .
b) If we win the match , there will be a large bonus in store for us .
c) If we won the match ,there will be a large bonus in store for us .
d) ) If we win the match ,there would be a large bonus in store for us .
a)If the door were left open , burglars would have no trouble getting in.
b) If the door was left open , burglars would have no trouble getting in.
c) If the door were left open , burglars would had no trouble getting in.
d) If the door were left open , burglars would have no trouble getting in.
a)If we have known the area well , we will have never gotten into this mess.
b) If we had known the area well , we will have never gotten into this mess.
c) If we had known the area well , we will would had never gotten into this mess.
d) If we had known the area well , we would have never gotten into this mess.
a)The accused pleaded with the judge to have him believes his statement.
b) The accused pleaded with the judge to have him believe his statement.
c) The accused pleaded with the judge to have him believed his statement.
d) The accused pleaded with the judge to have him to believe his statement.
Options (b) and (d) can be negated right away as they use the indicative mood instead of the subjunctive. Conditionals , denotes unreal or improbable situations are always conjugated with the word ‘were’ . (c) can also be negated because the subordinate clause is incorrectly expressed in the past tense. The only correct option is (A).
| 2019-04-26T07:54:24 |
https://www.bankexamstoday.com/2017/06/new-pattern-error-spotting-for-ibps-po_26.html
|
0.999982 |
The End of Uganda's Mystic Rebel?
Until recently, many villagers here in the fertile plains of northern Uganda wouldn't dare whisper anything bad about a notorious rebel leader named Joseph Kony - even if his soldiers had kidnapped their children, killed their neighbors, or attacked them, as they've done all too often. The reason: Mr. Kony was believed to have a powerful spirit that helped him defy bullets, foretell attacks, and know when people criticized him. In fact, for 18 years Kony has been one of Africa's most mystical and feared rebels. The US calls his Lord's Resistance Army a terrorist group. It has killed more people than Al Qaeda, Hamas, and Hizbullah combined.
But now a powerful mixture of forces is puncturing the Kony myth. They've significantly weakened him - and have created the first real chance for peace in a decade. A government-rebel cease-fire is expected to be signed Friday that would pave the way for formal peace talks. More broadly, the efforts may provide a model for battling the Kony-style mysticism that fuels some of Africa's most-vicious conflicts. "If the spirit was with Kony, he would have taken over our government by now," says Alice Opira, a wide-faced villager who used to believe Kony had special powers - and thus wouldn't talk so openly about him. Sitting on a grass mat in one of the crowded camps that house many of the conflict's 1.6 million displaced people, with a dismissive scowl she adds: "Spirits don't provide bullets, and spirits don't provide guns."
It's a reference to one of the biggest changes in the war's dynamics - a shift that Western diplomats here connect to America's war on terror. Kony's rebellion used to be largely financed and supported by the government of Sudan, which is Uganda's northern neighbor. He got this backing because he was a useful thorn in the side of Sudan's southern rebels. It enabled Kony to launch attacks in Uganda - and then sprint into Sudan, where Uganda's military couldn't touch him. This fed the myth that he was immune from government attacks. Using such hit-and-run tactics his army killed thousands of civilians and abducted about 20,000 children. It routinely forces abducted boys to serve as soldiers - who often must kill their own family members - and girls to be "wives" to LRA commanders.
But Sudan's north-south war is winding down. And after 9/11 Sudan - dubbed a state sponsor of terrorism by the US - wanted to distance itself from such so-called terrorist groups as the LRA. "Sudan said this was its contribution to the war on terror," explains Paul Omach, a political scientist at Makerere University in Uganda's capital, Kampala. Sudan now allows Uganda's military to chase Kony into Sudan - even with helicopter gunships.
Another key factor in Kony's decline: outside pressure. For years, Uganda's conflict was virtually invisible to the larger world. The UN named it one of the world's most "forgotten" crises. But as the number of displaced people has grown - along with the legend of Kony's brutality - "donors have started to see the humanitarian crisis" and pressure Uganda's government to address it, says Mr. Omach. Indeed, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni declared a unilateral cease-fire in November and has offered to talk to Kony - although the two haven't yet met face to face.
But it's not just geopolitics that's weakening Kony. It's also a powerful ethic of forgiveness - one that parallels South Africa's famous reconciliation efforts after apartheid. In the local Acholi tribe there's a traditional ceremony in which elders place an egg - the symbol of new life - on the ground. A repentant wrongdoer then steps on the egg. The act symbolizes the opening of a new life. The person is welcomed back into the village family. This and other ceremonies are being used to reintegrate former LRA soldiers, despite their awful acts. Pressured by local leaders, the government also offers legal amnesty to former fighters.
A major reason for the forgiveness is that so many LRA fighters were abducted as children. They were often forced to kill civilians - or be killed themselves. "The child was innocent - taken forcefully and forced to commit the crime," says Sheik Musa Khalil of the Acholi Religious Leaders Peace Initiative. "Forgiveness is the only way to solve this conflict." The attitude has put local leaders at odds with the UN's International Criminal Court, which aims to prosecute Kony and others. But the news of the amnesty being broadcast via radio into the bush has spurred increasing numbers of rebels to desert Kony.
A local shelter for former child soldiers has received more "returnees" than ever this year. Army officials say the flow jumped to between four and six a day for much of this year. One officer estimates Kony's forces are now just 300 to 500 soldiers, down from a peak of some 3,000. Also, amid a tough new military offensive, "Some of Kony's key commanders got killed," says Victor Apire, the government's acting representative in the northern area. This and the other changes prove, he says, that "the spirit is gone."
| 2019-04-23T02:55:12 |
https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/165/29547.html
|
0.997916 |
Recent changes to federal whistleblower protection law have made it necessary to revisit the form of confidentiality agreements (sometimes called non-disclosure agreements or NDAs) used by companies to protect their trade secrets and other confidential information.
Whistleblowers are parties who become aware of illegal or unethical conduct within a company and seek to report such conduct to the proper governmental authorities. In the wake of the collapse of Enron, the Bernie Madoff Ponzi scheme, and other financial and accounting scandals, the government has sought to make it easier for company insiders to report illegal or unethical conduct within a company without fear of retribution from the company. As you might expect, there is often a tension between the company’s desire to protect legitimate trade secrets, often through the use of confidentiality agreements, and the law’s desire to protect and encourage whistleblowers.
Defend Trade Secrets Act. One example of this recent trend is the federal Defend Trade Secrets Act (DTSA), which was adopted in 2016. Under the DTSA, an individual cannot be held criminally or civilly liable for “blowing the whistle” and confidentially reporting a suspected violation of law to the government or to an attorney. The DTSA also protects a whistleblower who confidentially discloses trade secrets to an attorney or to a court in connection with a lawsuit alleging that an employer retaliated against the whistleblower.
The DTSA requires that any company that enters into a confidentiality agreement with an employee, consultant or independent contractor must include a notice in the confidentiality agreement of the DTSA whistleblower protections described in the previous paragraph. If the company fails to provide the DTSA notice, the company cannot sue the employee, consultant or independent contractor under the DTSA for exemplary damages or for attorneys’ fees as otherwise permitted to be recovered under the DTSA for willful, malicious or bad faith theft of trade secrets.
Takeaways. Any company entering into a confidentiality agreement or other agreement with an employee, consultant or independent contractor that includes a confidentiality provision should consider including the DTSA notice described above to ensure that the company will enjoy the full benefit of the trade secret protection and remedies afforded by the DTSA. And companies (especially publicly traded companies) should consider including carve-outs for whistleblowers in their confidentiality agreements, such as the SEC-blessed disclosure described above, to ensure that those confidentiality agreements comply with SEC Rule 21F-17.
Special thanks to CityBizList-Dallas for publishing this article here.
What's in a Name (of a Texas company)?
Sometimes, it seems the hardest part of forming a new company can be picking its name - as if all of the good names have already been taken! And historically, Texas law has done company organizers no favors by preventing companies from using names which are the same as, or "deceptively similar" to, names of existing companies doing business in Texas. At times, the Texas Secretary of State has taken a broad view of names which it considered deceptively similar - further narrowing the field of available names. But thanks to the 85th Texas legislature, picking a name for a Texas company is about to get a little easier.
House Bill 2856, which becomes effective June 1, 2018, will amend the Texas Business Organization Code (TBOC) to permit new filing entities (such as corporations, limited liability companies, limited partnership, etc.) and foreign entities registering to do business in Texas to use any name which is "distinguishable" from the names of all other companies formed, registered, or reserved for use in Texas.
In short, Texas companies will soon be able to have "deceptively similar" names, so long as the names are "distinguishable" from one another.
The change will make Texas law more uniform with the requirements established in other states, including the State of Delaware (see Section 102(a)(ii) of the Delaware General Corporation Law). It is hoped that this change will facilitate the formation of new business entities and expedite the registration of out-of-state business entities to transact business in Texas.
I got a name, I got a name."
Regardless, I view this change as a positive one for Texas corporate law.
I'd like to thank 360 West Magazine for including me in their list of "Top Attorneys 2017"(their annual list of our region's best attorneys)! This year, I was named in the practice areas of Business Law and Civil Law and Transactional.
Limits on the amount of capital that companies can raise through equity crowdfunding just grew a tad.
On March 31, 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) adopted amendments to Regulation Crowdfunding which adjust dollar thresholds and limits to account for inflation.
Specifically, companies that raise capital through equity crowdfunding are now permitted to raise up to $1,070,000 per 12-month period (up from $1 million).
The maximum amount that any investor can invest in all crowdfunding offerings in any 12-month period has increased from $100,000 to $107,000.
The SEC was required under the JOBS Act of 2012 to adjust the limits and thresholds under Regulation Crowdfunding to account for the impact of inflation. Further adjustments are required at least every five years.
What the heck is a divisive merger?
A divisive merger is a merger involving splitting up one company up into two or more new companies.
It's a potentially powerful tool available to Texas companies under the Texas Business Organizations Code (TBOC). And it's a tool that is not available in most other states, including Delaware.
The concept of the divisive merger is baked into the definition of the word "Merger" in Section 1.002(55)(A) of the TBOC, which defines "Merger" to include, among other transactions, "the division of a domestic entity [such as a Texas LLC or Texas corporation] into two or more new domestic entities or other organizations or into a surviving domestic entity and one or more new domestic or foreign entities or non-code organizations."
So why is a divisive merger so powerful?
Let's say you and another person own Texas Widgets, Inc., a Texas corporation that does business in two Texas cities - Dallas and Fort Worth. Now say you wish to split the business in half, with one shareholder taking the Fort Worth operations (which will continue in business as Cowtown Widgets, Inc.) and the other partner taking the Dallas operations (which will continue in business as Big D Widgets, Inc.). You'll just assign half of the company's assets to one shareholder or the other, right? But wait - what if one or more of the company's leases, permits, licenses, contracts or other instruments setting forth the company's legal rights include non-assignment provisions that prohibit the company from conveying rights from Texas Widgets to Cowtown Widgets or Big D Widgets? Is the split-off transaction doomed without getting the consent of the company's landlord(s) or other parties? Maybe not. Depending upon the exact language prohibiting assignment in the contract or other document, the company may be able to enter into a divisive merger to split up the company's assets without triggering the anti-assignment provisions which would otherwise require the company to obtain another party's consent. If a company merges, technically no assignment has taken place - legally, it is as if the surviving company always owed the asset or other legal rights.
Even if your company is not a Texas entity, you might be able to convert or merge your company into a Texas entity, then take advantage of the divisive merger statute to complete a transaction with similar hurdles to overcome.
And there may be other situations where a divisive merger makes sense - perhaps where taking the time, effort, and expense of conveying individual assets might be unduly costly (such as conveying dozens of working interests in oil and gas properties in numerous counties throughout Texas). A merger might be able to immediately vest title to assets to a newly merged company as a short-cut to individually conveying a series of individual assets.
Although the divisive merger can be a valuable tool, it can also be a sword used against you by savvy operators. So when drafting anti-assignment provisions in business contracts, you might consider if the other party might be able to use a divisive merger as an end-run to a anti-assignment provision that permits mergers but not assignments by the other party.
I'd like to thank the Fort Worth Business Press for publishing an article I wrote titled "Hail to the Tweet: 5 Tweets I'd like Trump to send out to make America great again." The article is available here.
The U.S. Supreme Court recently ruled in the case of Salman v. United States, 137 S.Ct. 420 (2016), that an insider may not avoid securities liability for insider trading by tipping inside information to the insider's family member or friend who trade shares of stock rather than the insider trading in the shares directly.
This result seems obvious - why should an insider who is prohibited from trading on insider information under federal securities laws - who is also restricted from selling the information by those same laws - nonetheless be permitted to gift that same information to the insider's family member or friend and permit that relative or friend to be unjustly enriched by trading on that same inside information?
The U.S. Supreme Court was forced to weigh in on this issue because the Second Circuit Court of Appeals had previously ruled that a jury could not infer that the tipper received a personal benefit from tipping confidential information to a family member or friend without proof of a gain to the tipper of a "pecuniary or similar valuable nature." And if the tipper did not receive any personal benefit from the tip, the tipper could not be guilty of insider trading.
Insider trading is prohibited by Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) thereunder. Rule 10b-5 makes it unlawful for anyone to, among other things, "engage in any act, practice, or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any person, in connection with the purchase or sale of any security."
The U.S. Supreme Court had previously interpreted that language of Rule 10b-5 to prohibit any person in a position of trust and confidence with regard to a public company (such as an officer, director, attorney, accountant, or other insider)(an "insider") from trading on confidential information for the benefit of the insider. Importantly, an insider could not be liable for tipping inside information unless the tipper breached a fiduciary duty by disclosing confidential information for a personal benefit. Supreme Court case law precedent had asked courts to consider "whether the insider receives a direct or indirect personal benefit from the disclosure." Without such personal benefit,there was no breach of fiduciary duty, and thus no fraud or deceit within the meaning of Rule 10b-5, and no liability for insider trading. If the tipper has a duty not to trade on inside information, a person who knowingly receives such information in violation of the tipper's duty of confidentiality (a "tippee") has the same duty as the tipper to refrain from trading on that inside information.
So the key issue in the Salman case was whether or not is would be appropriate for a jury to just assume that an insider is receiving a personal benefit when the insider tips confidential inside information to the insider's family member or friend - or must the party alleging insider trading bring forth further evidence demonstrating such personal benefit - such as the tipper's receipt of cash, property, or other item of tangible value as a result of the tip?
As the Salman Court explained, a tip by an insider as a gift to a family member or friend is no different than an insider trade by the insider followed by a gift of the proceeds of the trade. Accordingly, once it is established that the tippee is a relative or a close friend, it is unnecessary to show any tangible reward to the tipper to find the tipper guilty of insider trading.
This result was so obvious that the Court unanimously agreed with the opinion.
| 2019-04-18T23:06:17 |
http://www.northtexasseclawyer.com/2017/
|
0.999142 |
"The man who hypocritically pretends to be what he is not makes himself a liar in everything that he does. He disguises himself in a mask. He cheats those who are entitled to hear the truth. He assaults the soul's comprehension by various tactics, and like any charlatan he wins the gullible over to his side... And if, therefore, this Paul is a Jew one minute and the next a Roman, or a student of the Jewish law now, but at another time an enemy of the law — then he is the adopted brother of everything false." (Macarius Magnes, Apocritus 3.31; transl. R. Joseph Hoffmann, Porphyry's Against the Christians: The Literary Remains [New York: Prometheus Books, 1994], 60-61).
Mark Nanos always tackles the big questions -- and accusations, like the one above -- and his essay on I Cor 9:19-23 has been a long time coming. "Paul's Relationship to Torah in Light of His Strategy 'to Become Everything to Everyone'" denies that Paul was describing his behavior in the infamous passage, arguing that the apostle was being rhetorically adaptive, reasoning from his audience's premises without imitating their conduct.
Nanos is thus able to resolve the tension hanging throughout I Cor 8 & 10 (see pp 20-22), noting that Paul begins by reasoning from very non-Jewish principles (that idols are nobodies and food offered to them may be eaten as profane) to Jewish conclusions (that there actually are daemons represented by these idols and food offered to them must not be eaten). By instructing his knowledgeable converts to avoid idol food on account of the "weak" (whom Nanos identifies with non-Christian pagans, though the present thesis doesn't depend on this identity), Paul "becomes like" them, but only in theory, so as to lend force to his surprising conclusion.
Nanos is now offering a third way of domesticating Paul's deception -- via rhetorical adaptation -- but it may have the same problem as the first. Can the "becoming" language of I Cor 9:19-23 plausibly be taken to mean that Paul was only reasoning like a Gentile instead of acting or behaving like one? Is the ἐγενόμην... ὡς expression ever used in the NT or LXX in this restrictive sense? The examples canvassed by Given (Gen 34:15, Jdt 12:13, Mic 7:1, Isa 63:19) all point to concrete, observable changes (see ibid, p 109). Nanos actually thinks his position may be somewhat compatible with Given's. In the lengthy footnote on p 23 of his paper he writes, "I do not think that Given's reading need be far from the one I propose, by dropping 'acting like' but keeping 'speaking like'" -- objecting to "acting like" on grounds that the idea of "mimicking" or "imitating" or "pretending to be" isn't the lexical equivalent of "becoming like" (see pp 22-25). I'm hardly a Greek expert, so I can only again ask, can ἐγενόμην... ὡς realistically accommodate the meaning of "reasoning/speaking like" that Nanos is pushing for?
More generally, I wonder if we should we be breaking our backs to replace Christian apologetics with a Jewish one. Why is a deceptive Paul so difficult to accept? Because it darkens his moral compass? That's hardly an historical reason -- and far from a realistic one. Because it would have made for an impractical missionary strategy? That's a better objection, and Nanos does claim that chameleon behavior would have made for "an ineffective bait and switch strategy". Even if it sounds like an expedient solution for moving among different groups of people, "the inconsistency would almost certainly result in failure, giving truth to the lie he lives" (p 4). But failure is what resulted, if we can trust the testimony of Acts. It's not hard to see a link between the strategy of I Cor 9:19-23 and repeated expulsions from the synagogue. Paul was lashed by his people for serious reasons (II Cor 11:24), let's not forget, and he was accused of taking people in by deceit (II Cor 12:16). A face-value reading of I Cor 9:19-23 squares with the deceiver I know from the Pauline corpus.
Nanos is right that we shouldn't be explaining away Paul's deceptions and hypocrisies as if they're okay for him. It's time to put away Chrysostom once and for all. But his own solution seems weighed down by the same motive -- to keep Paul clean from charges dating back to Porphyry. While Porphyry's hostility was a bit overblown (show me someone who doesn't lie and deceive about something), he at least knew what he saw. But decide for yourself. Nanos' proposal does admittedly work wonders for interpreting I Cor 8 & 10, and who knows, maybe the apostle was "purer" than people like me are willing to credit.
you seem to be saying that 1 Cor 9:19-23 shows that Paul was guilty of deceptions that were unacceptable in Porphyry's day. But if they were unacceptable in Porphyry's day, what makes you think that they would be acceptable in Paul's day? Or, if the deceptions that you claim are evinced by this passage were unacceptable to first century people, why would Paul be admitting to them in writing here?
There is nothing inherently deceptive about being law observant among Jews and being unobservant among Gentiles (a westerner who wears a veil when visiting the Middle East does not claim to anyone that she wears a veil all the time). It would be deceptive only if he told the Jews that he was ALWAYS observant, or if the told the Gentiles that he was NEVER observant.
You could argue, however, that Paul's policy of being all things to all people was not fully understood by the Galatians, for they ended up very confused about what it was that Paul actually believed (see Gal 5:11 and the letter generally). However, it is not clear to what extent Paul was responsible for this confusion. When he circumcised Timothy because of the Jews, he may not have been completely open with them about his opposition to circumcision.
So I suspect that Galatians may provide you with more evidence for Paul's deceptiveness (or at least poor communication) than 1 Cor 9.
You seem to be saying that 1 Cor 9:19-23 shows that Paul was guilty of deceptions that were unacceptable in Porphyry's day. But if they were unacceptable in Porphyry's day, what makes you think that they would be acceptable in Paul's day?
Lies and deceptions were naturally more acceptable in the agonistic world of the ancient Mediterranean (in which both Paul and Porphyry were at home), but only when employed against outsiders or enemies. It certainly wasn't any more appropriate to beguile one's potential converts in Paul's day than in Porphyry's. And we know that Paul was accused of taking people in by deceit (II Cor 12:16).
Or, if the deceptions that you claim are evinced by this passage were unacceptable to first century people, why would Paul be admitting to them in writing here?
Good question. In I Cor 9:19-23 Paul is being honest about his deceptions. And again, we know that he was accused of taking people in by deceit (II Cor 12:16), just as he was accused of teaching morally repugnant doctrine (such as "let us do evil that grace may abound"). Honor challenges like this can't go forever unanswered, and in the case of being deceptive Paul seems to have embraced the charge on grounds that the law was completely obsolete from a salvation point of view (the best it had to offer was now available by the route of the spirit), and so acting like a chameleon wasn't morally reprehensible. (Mark Given suggests an apocalyptic rationale: that on account of heightened daemonic influence in the world, Paul thought people needed to be deceived for their own good.) Needless to say, his kin looked at things differently, which is likely why he was lashed and thrown out of synagogues.
There is nothing inherently deceptive about being law observant among Jews and being unobservant among Gentiles (a westerner who wears a veil when visiting the Middle East does not claim to anyone that she wears a veil all the time).
Bad analogy. If Paul were a Gentile (~"westerner") interacting with Jews (~"visiting the Middle-East"), your analogy would have more force. Paul was a Jew, which makes his behavior entirely unacceptable. From the standard point of view, there's no reason he couldn't have behaved like a proper Jew when evangelizing Gentiles, and still promoted a law-free gospel to them as Gentiles.
It would be deceptive only if he told the Jews that he was ALWAYS observant, or if the told the Gentiles that he was NEVER observant.
If he had said that it would have made him a bald-faced liar, but his strategy was still deceptive. Acting one way among one group of people precisely in order to win them easier, and vice-versa, is inherently deceptive.
"For the ordinary Jew, occasional conformity to Pharisaic halakhah took place within the parameters of a lifestyle of covenant keeping … Occasional conformity to the Torah, however, was very different. Here the Jew burst the bounds of covenant keeping as a lifestyle by regular and intentional violation of his covenant responsibilities." (Rudolph, A Jew to the Jews: Jewish Contours of Pauline Flexibility in 1 Corinthians 9:19-23; 196-97).
| 2019-04-25T20:04:43 |
http://lorenrosson.blogspot.com/2009/09/becoming-everything-to-everyone-nanos.html
|
0.921744 |
Results: For the first time, researchers have developed a comprehensive approach to look at aerosols—those fine particles found in pollution—and their effect on clouds and climate. Scientists from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory improved how aerosols are accounted for in a global climate model used to predict climate change by embedding a high-resolution model in each climate grid. The embedded model replaces parameterization, a simplified method currently used to reckon small-scale climate processes. The new integrated approach brings the small scale to the global scale, for more effective climate modeling.
Why it matters: Advancing our ability to predict global climate change depends on accurate modeling of climate forces across all scales. Though current global circulation models, used to predict climate change, can represent large-scale atmospheric features (greater than 100 kilometers, or about 62 miles), smaller-scale processes can only be parameterized. But details in the smaller sizes are important to follow. Features such as clouds, aerosols, and pollution point sources can have a big impact on global climate. Accounting for small features, such as the effect of pollution aerosols on clouds, will help scientists better predict climate change to plan for a sustainable future. This study gives climate researchers a valuable tool for those important predictions.
Methods: For this study, researchers from PNNL and the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., built PNNL-MMF, an extension of a multi-scale modeling framework that has been used since 2001. They embedded a cloud-resolving model (CRM) within each grid cell to specifically look at aerosol-cloud interactions for the first time.
Using the cloud and aerosol properties statistics from the CRM, scientists can account for aerosol effects on clouds and clouds' effects on aerosols—the two facets of cloud-aerosol interaction. Unlike other models, the PNNL-MMF accounts for simulation of aerosol-cloud interactions in both stratiform and convective clouds on the global scale, using new mathematical formulas. Using this method, the team has simulated aerosol-cloud interactions that are consistent with observational data and conventional aerosol models.
What's next: Now that researchers have developed the model and completed its preliminary testing, they are using the model to unravel the complex role that pollution aerosols play in a changing climate.
Acknowledgments: This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility, a U.S. Department of Energy scientific user facility; the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and the National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP). The work was done by Minghuai Wang, Steven J. Ghan, Richard C. Easter Jr., Mikhail Ovchinnikov, Xiaohong Liu, Evgueni I. Kassianov, Yun Qian, and William I. Gustafson of PNNL; Vincent E. Larson and DP Schanen of the University of Wisconsin; M. Khairoutdinov of Stony Brook University; and H. Morrison of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder.
Reference: Wang M, S Ghan, R Easter, M Ovchinnikov, X Liu, E Kassianov, Y Qian, WI Gustafson Jr., VE Larson, DP Schanen, M Khairoutdinov, and H Morrison. "The multi-scale aerosol-climate model PNNL-MMF: model description and evaluation," Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 137-168, doi: 10.5194/gmd-4-137-2011, 2011.
To represent complex and small-scale systems in global climate models, scientists have used a technique that acts as a stand-in for the fine details. Grid spacing in global climate models is typically on the order of 100 kilometers—too coarse to account for important small-scale players such as cumulus clouds that can be less than one kilometer in size. Parameterizations are sets of formulas used to represent the effects of small-scale climate items and processes. Finding a way to replace parameterization will improve climate models and help us better predict climate change.
| 2019-04-22T00:07:15 |
https://www.pnnl.gov/science/highlights/highlight.asp?id=947
|
0.999989 |
Hey! I'm a trans girl trying to build cool websites and write sweet stories and pay her student loans and do some cool stuff besides; support this Patreon if that's the sorta thing you like seeing happen 😉.
Hi, I'm a cute enby trans girl named Gô SHOEMAKE, who writes code under the alias kibigo! and romance stories under the nom de plume ALLIE ❤ HART. My website is here. I spend pretty much every available ounce of my energy dedicating my time to the things and people and communities I care about (see “The Projects”, below), but since those things tend to be “bringing light to the world” and “giving people tools to build deeper relationships with those around them,” and those people and communities don't always have a whole lot of loose pocket-change lying around, let's just say it's not the most profitable of business strategies, by which I mean I'm unemployed.
Since I have student loans to pay off and also need to survive, not having a source of income is kinda a problem, and if you're thinking to yourself, “Gosh Gô, it's kinda silly that someone could be working for hours every day and expending all their energies towards the people and things they care about, and still not be able to make ends meet or pay their student loans!”, well, I think so too! That's why I made this Patreon, so that we can collectively combat that silliness (me by continuing to do cool things, you by helping me make ends meet while I do so).
If you're thinking to yourself, “Ugh, dreams are for losers and cowards, get a real job sicko,” that's okay, there are still some cool goodies for you in the gift shop below (see “The Rewards”).
TL:DR; I'm working pretty much full-time these days on Mastodon stuff; either with the GlitchSoc fork, or on my own Mastodon frontend titled Mastodon GO!
For those of you who have heard of the fediverse, and Mastodon, and the GlitchSoc fork of Mastodon, I'm one of the developers working on it! I created collapsible toots, and the profile bio fields, and the app settings modal, and put images behind CWs, and completely revamped the themeïng code, and probably some other stuff that I'm forgetting to mention. I also help out with merges and bugfixes and keeping everything up-to-date besides.
Mastodon GO! is an experimental frontend for Mastodon which tries to imagine what social media might look like if it hadn't been dominated by corporate interests for like, the past decade. The default Mastodon theme falls neatly in line with user expectations at the cost of replicating some of the same design decisions as TweetDeck or Twitter which I maybe don't agree with. So I want to try things a little differently and see how that works out.
You can try out a (still very much in-development) test build of Mastodon GO! if you're on a GlitchSoc instance which has it installed, but beware that there are still a lot of bugs atm.
I'm not sure if good free romance fiction doesn't exist or just is hard to find, but either way I think we all could use a little warmth and love in these hard times. Vague is a semi-experimental serialized romance novel about college students struggling to find themselves and understand each other. It's the sort of story that you think surely has been written a thousand times—but then you browse the bookshelves and all the stories you see there are about “escaping from past trauma,” or “paranormal arts,” or “political entanglements with the rich and powerful” and you realize that actually despite it's purported simplicity, a back-to-basics run-of-the-mill quality romance story between everyday characters is actually kind of rare. Well I'm writing one, regardless.
Because I'm working basically full-time on Mastodon stuff, progress writing Vague has been slow :P. But I am still working on it! And will hopefully have another issue out somewhat soonish.
I'm a writer, and sometimes as a writer you need to set things in places that are Not Earth, and sometimes the people in those places that are Not Earth need to speak languages which are Not Earth Languages. The LANGDEV Project is a project dedicated to making fictional languages for use in fiction when situations like this occur. It's all very technical and complicated (more complicated than you might think), mostly because I am a perfectionist about it. But it's also very cool. Ask me about it sometime.
$1 : Updates! If you pay a dollar, you'll get updates on the stuff I'm doing and maybe a few extra goodies thrown your way.
$3 : PDFs! For only $3, you get access to downloadable PDF versions of all of the chapters of Vague, to keep and cherish on your hard drive forever.
$5 : Additional formats! If PDFs aren't your speed, for $5 you can gain access to additional formats of Vague, including HTML and Plain Text.
$7 : Secret content! Hmmm who knows what might end up here! Maybe old stories! Maybe behind-the-scenes things! Maybe late-night rambles!! IDK!!
Being able to follow in my dreams, and give back to the people and communities that have done so much for me, I think is really important. And I want to create a world where that is possible. If you decide to support me in this project, that means you think so too! Thank you! And let's work together to make the world a little more romantic <3.
Special secret posts! Exciting! Who knows what will wind up in here!
Learn valuable secrets noöne else knows!
Student loans covered! That's pretty awesome! At this goal I can at least keep the debt-collectors away.
| 2019-04-22T22:44:36 |
https://www.patreon.com/kibigo
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0.999999 |
question_answer1) Which of the following is present all around us?
question_answer2) Which of the following cannot be seen?
question_answer3) Which of the following activity needs water?
question_answer4) Choose odd one out.
question_answer5) Which of the following is not a form of water?
question_answer6) Which of the following is present in liquid form?
question_answer7) Which of the following processes changes water into water vapour?
question_answer8) Wet clothes dry under the sun. This is an example of _____.
question_answer9) Which of the following name is given for gentle wind?
question_answer10) Air occupies space and has _____.
question_answer11) Which of the following do not have definite shape?
question_answer12) Which of the following is not a source of water?
question_answer13) Which of the following processes change water vapour into water by cooling?
question_answer14) Which of the following is the main source of heat and light on earth?
question_answer15) Weather depends on which of the following factors?
question_answer17) Which of the following things we do not use in summers?
question_answer18) A windmill needs which of the following to rotate?
question_answer19) Which of the following is not present in the air?
question_answer21) Which of the following pictures represent water cycle?
question_answer22) Match List I with List II.
question_answer23) Direction: Read the passage carefully and fill the blanks in the passage given below. Air is necessary for all ________ (23) ________ Things. It is present ________ (24) ________. It occupies ________ (25) ________ and has ________ (26) ________. It gives ________ (27) ________ to things. We must breathe ________ (28) ________ air. We should keep our doors and ________ (29) ________ open for fresh air. Dirty air is bad for health and make us ________ (30) ________. Moving air is called ________ (31) ________. A gentle wind is known as ________ (32) ________.
question_answer24) Direction: Read the passage carefully and fill the blanks in the passage given below. Air is necessary for all ________ (23) ________ Things. It is present ________ (24) ________. It occupies ________ (25) ________ and has ________ (26) ________. It gives ________ (27) ________ to things. We must breathe ________ (28) ________ air. We should keep our doors and ________ (29) ________ open for fresh air. Dirty air is bad for health and make us ________ (30) ________. Moving air is called ________ (31) ________. A gentle wind is known as ________ (32) ________.
question_answer25) Direction: Read the passage carefully and fill the blanks in the passage given below. Air is necessary for all ________ (23) ________ Things. It is present ________ (24) ________. It occupies ________ (25) ________ and has ________ (26) ________. It gives ________ (27) ________ to things. We must breathe ________ (28) ________ air. We should keep our doors and ________ (29) ________ open for fresh air. Dirty air is bad for health and make us ________ (30) ________. Moving air is called ________ (31) ________. A gentle wind is known as ________ (32) ________.
question_answer26) Direction: Read the passage carefully and fill the blanks in the passage given below. Air is necessary for all ________ (23) ________ Things. It is present ________ (24) ________. It occupies ________ (25) ________ and has ________ (26) ________. It gives ________ (27) ________ to things. We must breathe ________ (28) ________ air. We should keep our doors and ________ (29) ________ open for fresh air. Dirty air is bad for health and make us ________ (30) ________. Moving air is called ________ (31) ________. A gentle wind is known as ________ (32) ________.
question_answer27) Direction: Read the passage carefully and fill the blanks in the passage given below. Air is necessary for all ________ (23) ________ Things. It is present ________ (24) ________. It occupies ________ (25) ________ and has ________ (26) ________. It gives ________ (27) ________ to things. We must breathe ________ (28) ________ air. We should keep our doors and ________ (29) ________ open for fresh air. Dirty air is bad for health and make us ________ (30) ________. Moving air is called ________ (31) ________. A gentle wind is known as ________ (32) ________.
question_answer28) Direction: Read the passage carefully and fill the blanks in the passage given below. Air is necessary for all ________ (23) ________ Things. It is present ________ (24) ________. It occupies ________ (25) ________ and has ________ (26) ________. It gives ________ (27) ________ to things. We must breathe ________ (28) ________ air. We should keep our doors and ________ (29) ________ open for fresh air. Dirty air is bad for health and make us ________ (30) ________. Moving air is called ________ (31) ________. A gentle wind is known as ________ (32) ________.
question_answer29) Direction: Read the passage carefully and fill the blanks in the passage given below. Air is necessary for all ________ (23) ________ Things. It is present ________ (24) ________. It occupies ________ (25) ________ and has ________ (26) ________. It gives ________ (27) ________ to things. We must breathe ________ (28) ________ air. We should keep our doors and ________ (29) ________ open for fresh air. Dirty air is bad for health and make us ________ (30) ________. Moving air is called ________ (31) ________. A gentle wind is known as ________ (32) ________.
question_answer30) Direction: Read the passage carefully and fill the blanks in the passage given below. Air is necessary for all ________ (23) ________ Things. It is present ________ (24) ________. It occupies ________ (25) ________ and has ________ (26) ________. It gives ________ (27) ________ to things. We must breathe ________ (28) ________ air. We should keep our doors and ________ (29) ________ open for fresh air. Dirty air is bad for health and make us ________ (30) ________. Moving air is called ________ (31) ________. A gentle wind is known as ________ (32) ________.
question_answer31) Direction: Read the passage carefully and fill the blanks in the passage given below. Air is necessary for all ________ (23) ________ Things. It is present ________ (24) ________. It occupies ________ (25) ________ and has ________ (26) ________. It gives ________ (27) ________ to things. We must breathe ________ (28) ________ air. We should keep our doors and ________ (29) ________ open for fresh air. Dirty air is bad for health and make us ________ (30) ________. Moving air is called ________ (31) ________. A gentle wind is known as ________ (32) ________.
question_answer32) Direction: Read the passage carefully and fill the blanks in the passage given below. Air is necessary for all ________ (23) ________ Things. It is present ________ (24) ________. It occupies ________ (25) ________ and has ________ (26) ________. It gives ________ (27) ________ to things. We must breathe ________ (28) ________ air. We should keep our doors and ________ (29) ________ open for fresh air. Dirty air is bad for health and make us ________ (30) ________. Moving air is called ________ (31) ________. A gentle wind is known as ________ (32) ________.
question_answer33) Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the following question. What we eat and drink, and types of clothes we wear depends on weather. In summers, we like to drink something cold and in winters, we like to drink something hot. Fruits like mangoes, litchi and watermelon are there in summer. In winter we get fruit like oranges, grapes, apples and guavas. Carrots, cabbage, green peas and radishes are winter vegetables. Cucumber pumpkin and bottle gourd are summer vegetables. Weather depends upon _____.
question_answer34) Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the following question. What we eat and drink, and types of clothes we wear depends on weather. In summers, we like to drink something cold and in winters, we like to drink something hot. Fruits like mangoes, litchi and watermelon are there in summer. In winter we get fruit like oranges, grapes, apples and guavas. Carrots, cabbage, green peas and radishes are winter vegetables. Cucumber pumpkin and bottle gourd are summer vegetables. Which of the following is not a winter fruit?
question_answer35) Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the following question. What we eat and drink, and types of clothes we wear depends on weather. In summers, we like to drink something cold and in winters, we like to drink something hot. Fruits like mangoes, litchi and watermelon are there in summer. In winter we get fruit like oranges, grapes, apples and guavas. Carrots, cabbage, green peas and radishes are winter vegetables. Cucumber pumpkin and bottle gourd are summer vegetables. Which of the following is a summer vegetable?
question_answer36) Consider the following statements and answer the question? Statement 1: Wind is the movement of air. Statement 2: Monsoon comes after summer and it stays from July to August.
question_answer37) Which of the following cause water pollution? (i) Garbage thrown in rivers, lakes etc.. (ii) bead bodies of water animals. (iii) Movement of air. (iv) Factory waste released into water.
question_answer38) Read the following sentences carefully and find true and false. (T/F) A. In autumn season trees shed their leaves. B. Condensation changes water vapour into water. C. Rain water is drinking water.
question_answer39) Akhil is a farmer's son, he gives water to the crops everyday with his father. But his crops are not healthy. They use water from the nearby river. His mother washes clothes in the same river and throws all the waste of her house into it. What will you suggest to Akhil's family for the good growth of their crops?
question_answer40) Which of the following statements is false.
question_answer41) Look at the pictures given below: Which is the common thing they all need?
question_answer42) What does the following figure represent?
question_answer43) What happens when you keep a bowl of water on gas and put on the gas stove?
question_answer44) Which of the following statement is wrong about evaporation?
question_answer45) Amar is a brilliant student and he loves studies. But during winters he was absent for many days as he was suffering from high fever and cold. As a teacher of Amar what will you suggest his mother?
question_answer46) Which of the following is the gaseous form of water?
question_answer47) Which of the following is a feature of summer season?
question_answer48) During which of the following seasons we eat icecream?
question_answer49) Which of the following is an effect of a storm?
question_answer50) What role does sun play in water cycle?
| 2019-04-21T20:47:54 |
https://studyadda.com/question-bank/2nd-class/science/air-water-and-weather/air-water-and-weather/308
|
0.983296 |
It's not exactly a national holiday - yet - but "gravy day" is being well celebrated in Australia, thanks to a song and plenty of internet jokes.
What is gravy day? It began with a 1996 song called How To Make Gravy by popular Australian singer Paul Kelly.
Its lyrics tell a fictional tale of a man in jail writing to his family about longing to be with them at Christmas.
That letter is penned on 21 December - a date that, in real life, has been deemed increasingly worth celebrating.
And many Australians did on Friday, especially on social media.
"GravyDay", "Paul Kelly" and "the 21st of December" were trending terms on Twitter, with many posts playing off How To Make Gravy's narrative.
Joe, the song's made-up protagonist, sings about his family's traditions, such as relatives "driving down from Queensland" and "flying in from the coast".
The song has even been likened to "an Australian Christmas carol". Instead of northern-hemisphere references to cold things, Joe anticipates a hot Christmas Day.
"They say it's gonna be a hundred degrees, even more maybe," the lyrics read, "but that won't stop the roast".
His emotional messages to family - such as "give my love to Angus and Frank and Dolly" - have become a particular focus of fun.
Its popularity has inspired media outlets to investigate the protagonist's possible back story and the key question in the song: "Who's going to make the gravy?"
And just what is the best gravy recipe? According to the lyrics, it is: "Just add flour, salt, a little red wine, and don't forget a dollop of tomato sauce, for sweetness and that extra tang."
Some said they would follow that advice, but others questioned the recipe, according to BBC.
Kelly himself tweeted "Happy Gravy Day" on Friday.
"You never know what's going to happen to the song after you write them," he told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation last year.
| 2019-04-25T20:18:20 |
https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/others/australians-are-celebrating-gravy-day-1545383937
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0.999188 |
My wife is involved in the planning and coordination of one of the top annual fundraising balls in the greater Toronto area. For the last three years she has been contacted by a company that wants to provide services (event management I think) for the ball. Every year for the last three years, the sales rep has called her about 2-3 months before the ball. At that point - The planning is done, a good part of the execution is under way and most of the tickets are sold. In other words, the opportunity is lost before the phone call is made.
Over the last 20 years working in sales it feels like I've used most every CRM/Sales tracking system out there and let's face it, this isn't new technology...it's not rocket science. So why is my wife getting a call 3 years running at the worst time of the year?
I think there are two things at play here (assuming the sales rep isn't just incompetent).
CRM solutions rarely get implemented in such a way that they automate sales processes. This is a result of how these systems are sold (or rather purchased).
Too little time is spent evaluating how a CRM will make the sales job more productive and entirely too much is spent on the reports the system will produce .
Companies try to accomplish too much with a CRM implementation and as a result they end up making data entry requirements onerous and complicated - this contributes to slow adoption or non-compliance with the new processes.
A CRM is meant to lubricate the process of engaging with potential customers until they are clients and with current clients to ensure that they continue to buy. A good CRM facilitates the relationship part - so when a prospect says no and explains the timing of their event - that really should trigger the scheduling of a whole chain of events that will help the rep close that business in the following year. Even if a new person is hired - the prospect should not be lost.
To effectively implement such a system that will help a rep to do the right thing at the right time requires that you understand your sales cycles, your clients, and that you've got a tested sales process.
Finally you need to provide the kind of sales training that is specific to your products and services that will make your sales team effective.
When building a sales organization, recognize that you hire a sales rep for their ability to engage in effective communication with a prospective customer but also realize that many of the tasks that will be a part of their daily responsibilities may not be a natural part of their working style or personality.
So the biggest value of a CRM system? I think that when it's implemented the right way, a CRM helps the round peg of a sales rep fit into the square hole of managing tasks so that they can focus on doing their most valuable work - talking to the right clients at the right time and advancing the sale. After all, if you are selling and being profitable - reports suddenly are less important.
Tags: "customer relationship management" crm sales "sales management" "sales team"
| 2019-04-19T20:56:33 |
http://gettingbrighter.com/blog/the-real-value-of-a-crm-system
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0.998609 |
For Métis peoples generally, see Métis.
The Métis in Canada (/meɪˈtiː/; Canadian French: [meˈt͡sɪs]; European French: [meˈtis]; Michif: [mɪˈtʃɪf]) are groups of peoples in Canada who trace their descent to First Nations peoples and European settlers, primarily French in the early decades. They are recognized as one of Canada's aboriginal peoples under the Constitution Act of 1982, along with First Nations and Inuit peoples. As of 2016, they number over 587,545. Canadian Métis represent the majority of people that identify as Métis, although there are a number of Métis in the United States.
While the Métis initially developed as the mixed-race descendants of early unions between First Nations and colonial-era European settlers (usually Indigenous women and French settler men), within generations (particularly in central and western Canada), a distinct Métis culture developed. The women in the unions in eastern Canada were usually Wabanaki, Algonquin, and Menominee; and in western Canada they were Saulteaux, Cree, Ojibwe, Nakoda, and Dakota/Lakota, or of mixed descent from these peoples. Their unions with European men engaged in the fur trade in the Old Northwest were often of the type known as Marriage à la façon du pays ("according to the custom of the country").
After New France was ceded to Great Britain's control in 1763, there was an important distinction between French Métis born of francophone voyageur fathers, and the Anglo-Métis (known as "countryborn" or Mixed Bloods, for instance in the 1870 census of Manitoba) descended from English or Scottish fathers. Today these two cultures have essentially coalesced into location-specific Métis traditions. This does not preclude a range of other Métis cultural expressions across North America. Such polyethnic people were historically referred to by other terms, many of which are now considered to be offensive, such as Mixed-bloods, Half-breeds, Bois-Brûlés, Bungi, Black Scots, and Jackatars. The contemporary Métis in Canada are a specific Indigenous people; the term does not apply to every person of "mixed" heritage or ancestry.
While people of Métis culture or heritage are found across Canada, the traditional Métis "homeland" (areas where Métis populations and culture developed as a distinct ethnicity historically) includes much of the Canadian Prairies. The most commonly known group are the "Red River Métis", centring on southern and central parts of Manitoba along the Red River of the North.
Closely related are the Métis in the United States, primarily those in border areas such as northern Michigan, the Red River Valley, and eastern Montana. These were areas in which there was considerable Aboriginal and European mixing due to the 19th-century fur trade. But they do not have a federally recognized status in the United States, except as enrolled members of federally recognized tribes. Although Métis existed further west than today's Manitoba, much less is known about the Métis of Northern Canada.
In 2016, 587,545 people in Canada self-identified as Métis. They represented 35.1% of the total Aboriginal population and 1.5% of the total Canadian population. Most Métis people today are descendants of unions between generations of Métis individuals and live in Canadian society with people of other ethnicities. The exception are the Métis in rural and northern parts, who still live in close proximity to First Nations communities.
Over the past century, countless Métis have assimilated into the general European Canadian populations. Métis heritage (and thereby Aboriginal ancestry) is more common than is generally realized. Geneticists estimate that 50 percent of today's population in Western Canada has some Aboriginal ancestry. Most people with more distant ancestry are not part of the Métis ethnicity or culture.
Unlike among First Nations peoples, there is no distinction between Treaty status and non-Treaty status. The Métis did not sign treaties with Canada, with the exception of an adhesion to Treaty 3 in Northwest Ontario. This adherence was never implemented by the federal government. The legal definition is not yet fully developed. Section Thirty-five of the Constitution Act, 1982 recognizes the rights of Indian, Métis and Inuit people; however, it does not define these groups. In 2003, the Supreme Court of Canada defined a Métis as someone who self-identifies as Métis, has an ancestral connection to the historic Métis community, and is accepted by the modern community with continuity to the historic Métis community.
The most well-known and historically documented mixed-ancestry population in Canadian history are the groups who developed during the fur trade in south-eastern Rupert's Land, primarily in the Red River Settlement (now Manitoba) and the Southbranch Settlements (Saskatchewan). In the late nineteenth century, they organized politically (led by men who had European educations) and had confrontations with the Canadian government in an effort to assert their independence.
This was not the only place where métissage (mixing) between European and Indigenous people occurred. It was part of the history of colonization from the earliest days of settlements on the Atlantic Coast throughout the Americas.:2, 5 But the strong sense of ethnic national identity among the mostly French- and Michif-speaking Métis along the Red River, demonstrated during the Riel Rebellions, resulted in wider use of the term "Métis" as the main word used by Canadians for all mixed Euro-Native groups.
35. (1) The existing aboriginal and treaty rights of the Aboriginal People of Canada are hereby recognized and affirmed.
(2) In this Act, "Aboriginal Peoples of Canada" includes the Indian, Inuit, and Métis Peoples of Canada.
It is not clear who has the moral and legal authority to define the word "Métis". There is no comprehensive legal definition of Métis status in Canada; this is in contrast to the Indian Act, which creates an Indian Register for all (Status) First Nations people. Some commentators have argued that one of the rights of an Indigenous people is to define its own identity, precluding the need for a government-sanctioned definition.:9–10 The question is open as to who should receive Aboriginal rights flowing from Métis identity. No federal legislation defines the Métis.
The number of people self-identifying as Métis has risen sharply since the late 20th century: between 1996 and 2006, the population of Canadians who self-identify as Métis nearly doubled, to approximately 390,000.:2 Until R v. Powley (2003), there was no legal definition of Métis other than the legal requirements found in the Métis Settlements Act of 1990.
[t]he term Métis in s. 35 does not encompass all individuals with mixed Indian and European heritage; rather, it refers to distinctive peoples who, in addition to their mixed ancestry, developed their own customs, ways of life, and recognizable group identity separate from their Indian or Inuit and European forebears.:9 The court was explicit that its ten-point test is not a comprehensive definition of Métis.
Questions remain as to whether Métis have treaty rights; this is an explosive issue in the Canadian Aboriginal community today. It has been stated that "only First Nations could legitimately sign treaties with the government so, by definition, Métis have no Treaty rights." One treaty names Métis in the title: the Halfbreed (Métis in the French version) Adhesion to Treaty 3. Another, the Robinson Superior Treaty of 1850, listed 84 persons classified as "half-breeds" in the Treaty, so included them and their descendants. Hundreds, if not thousands, of Métis were initially included in a number of other treaties, and then excluded under later amendments to the Indian Act.
Two main advocacy groups claim to speak for the Métis in Canada: the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples (CAP) and the Métis National Council.(MNC). Each uses different approaches to define Métis individuals. The CAP, which has nine regional affiliates, represents all Aboriginal people who are not part of the reserve system, including Métis and non-Status Indians. It does not define Métis and uses a broad conception based on self-identification.
Métis Nation of British Columbia.
Métis means a person who self-identifies as a Métis, is distinct from other aboriginal peoples, is of historic Métis Nation ancestry, and is accepted by the Métis Nation.
Indigenous Affairs Canada, the relevant federal ministry, deals with the MNC. On April 13, 2017 the two parties signed the Canada-Métis Nation Accord, with the goal of working with the Métis Nation, as represented by the Métis National Council, on a Nation to Nation basis.
In response to the Powley ruling, Métis organizations are issuing Métis Nation citizenship cards to their members. Several organizations are registered with the Canadian government to provide Métis cards. The criteria to receive a card and the rights associated with the card vary with each organization. For example, for membership in the Métis Nation of Alberta Association (MNAA), an applicant must provide a documented genealogy and family tree dating to the mid 1800s, proving descent from one or more members of historic Métis groups. The Canadian Métis Council will accept persons of mixed blood (European/Aboriginal blood (Indian ancestry)) that is distinct from Indian and Inuit, and who have genealogical ties to Aboriginal ancestry.
The Métis Nation of Ontario requires that successful applicants for what it calls "citizenship", must "see themselves and identify themselves as distinctly Métis. This requires that individuals make a positive choice to be culturally and identifiable Métis". They note that "an individual is not Métis simply because he or she has some Aboriginal ancestry, but does not have Indian or Inuit status". It also requires proof of Métis ancestry: "This requires a genealogical connection to a 'Métis ancestor' – not an Indian or aboriginal ancestor".
Cultural definitions of Métis identity inform legal and political ones.
During the height of the North American fur trade in New France from 1650 onward, many French and British fur traders married First Nations and Inuit women, mainly Cree, Ojibwa, or Saulteaux located in the Great Lakes area and later into the north west. The majority of these fur traders were French and Scottish; the French majority were Catholic. These marriages are commonly referred to as marriage à la façon du pays or marriage according to the "custom of the country." Their children often grew up primarily in their mothers' cultures, but were often also introduced to Catholicism. In many cases, as the fur traders lived with the native women at the location of their tribes, the children grew up in primarily First Nations societies.
But, as more Métis lived in communities with a fur-trapping tradition, they created a new, distinct Aboriginal people in North America. First Nations women were the link between cultures; they provided companionship for the fur traders, introductions to their people and culture, and also aided in their survival. First Nations women were able to translate the native languages, sewed new clothing for their husbands and children, and generally were involved in resolving any cultural issues that arose. The First Peoples had survived in the west for thousands of years, so the fur traders benefited greatly from their First Nations wives' knowledge of the land and its resources. Métis people were thought of as the familial bond between the Europeans and First Nations and Inuit peoples of North America. As adults, the men often worked as fur-trade company interpreters, as well as fur trappers in their turn. Many of the first generations of Métis lived within the First Nations societies of their wives and children, but also started to marry Métis women.
According to historian Jacob A. Schooley, the Métis developed over at least two generations and within different economic classes. In the first stage, "servant" (employee) traders of the fur trade companies, known as wintering partners, would stay for the season with First Nations bands, and make a "country marriage" with a high-status native woman. This woman and her children would move to live in the vicinity of a trading fort or post, becoming "House Indians" (as they were called by the company men). House Indians eventually formed distinct bands. Children raised within these "House Indian" bands often became employees of the companies. (Foster cites the legendary York boat captain Paulet Paul as an example). Eventually this second-generation group ended employment with the company and became commonly known as "freemen" traders and trappers. They lived with their families raising children in a distinct culture, accustomed to the fur-trade life, that valued free trading and the buffalo hunt in particular. He considered that the third generation, who were sometimes Métis on both sides, were the first true Métis. He suggests that in the Red River region, many "House Indians" (and some non-"House" First Nations) were assimilated into Métis culture due to the Catholic church's strong presence in that region. In the Fort Edmonton region however, many House Indians never adopted a Métis identity but continued to identify primarily as Cree, Saulteaux, Ojibwa, and Chipweyan descendants up until the early 20th century.
The Métis played a vital role in the success of the western fur trade. They were skilled hunters and trappers, and were raised to appreciate both Aboriginal and European cultures. Métis understanding of both societies and customs helped bridge cultural gaps, resulting in better trading relationships. The Hudson's Bay Company discouraged unions between their fur traders and First Nations and Inuit women, while the North West Company (the English-speaking Quebec-based fur trading company) supported such marriages. Trappers typically took First Nations women as wives, too, and operated outside company structures. The Métis peoples were respected as valuable employees of both fur trade companies, due to their skills as voyageurs, buffalo hunters, and interpreters, and their knowledge of the lands.
By the early 1800s European immigrants, mainly Scottish farmers, along with Métis families from the Great Lakes region moved to the Red River Valley in present-day Manitoba. The Hudson's Bay Company, which now administered a monopoly over the territory then called Rupert's Land, assigned plots of land to European settlers. The allocation of Red River land caused conflict with those already living in the area, as well as with the North West Company, whose trade routes had been cut in half. Many Métis were working as fur traders with both the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company. Others were working as free traders, or buffalo hunters supplying pemmican to the fur trade. The buffalo were declining in number, and the Métis and First Nations had to go farther and further west to hunt them. Profits from the fur trade were declining because of a reduction in European demand due to changing tastes, as well as the need for the Hudson's Bay Company to extend its reach farther from its main posts to get furs.
Most references to the Métis in the 19th century applied to the Plains Métis, but more particularly the Red River Métis. But, the Plains Métis tended to identify by occupational categories: buffalo hunters, pemmican and fur traders, and "tripmen" in the York boat fur brigades among the men; the moccasin sewers and cooks were among the women. The largest community in the Assiniboine-Red River district had a different lifestyle and culture from those Métis located in the Saskatchewan, Alberta, Athabasca, and Peace river valleys to the west.
In 1869, two years after Canadian Confederacy, the Government of Canada exerted its power over the people living in Rupert's Land after it acquired the land in the mid-19th century from the Hudson's Bay Company. The Métis and the Anglo-Métis (commonly known as Countryborn, children of First Nations women and Orcadian, other Scottish or English men), joined forces to stand up for their rights. They wanted to protect their traditional ways of life against an aggressive and distant Anglo-Canadian government and its local colonizing agents. An 1870 census of Manitoba classified the population as follows: 11,963 total people. Of this number 558 were defined as Indians (First Nations). There were 5,757 Métis and 4,083 English-speaking Mixed Bloods. The remaining 1,565 people were of predominately European, Canadian or American background.
During this time the Canadian government signed treaties (known as the "Numbered Treaties") with various First Nations. These Nations ceded property rights to almost the entire western plains to the Government of Canada. In return for their ceding traditional lands, the Canadian government promised food, education, medical help, etc. While the Métis generally did not sign any treaty as a group, they were sometimes included, even listed as "half-breeds" in some records.
In the late 19th century, following the British North America Act (1867), Louis Riel, a Métis who was formally educated, became a leader of the Métis in the Red River area. He denounced the Canadian government surveys on Métis lands in a speech delivered in late August 1869 from the steps of Saint Boniface Cathedral. The Métis became more fearful when the Canadian government appointed the notoriously anti-French William McDougall as the Lieutenant Governor of the Northwest Territories on September 28, 1869, in anticipation of a formal transfer of lands to take effect in December. On November 2, 1869 Louis Riel and 120 men seized Upper Fort Garry, the administrative headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company. This was the first overt act of Métis resistance. On March 4, 1870 the Provisional Government, led by Louis Riel, executed Thomas Scott after Scott was convicted of insubordination and treason. The elected Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia subsequently sent three delegates to Ottawa to negotiate with the Canadian government. This resulted in the Manitoba Act and that province's entry into the Canadian Confederation. Due to the execution of Scott, Riel was charged with murder and fled to the United States in exile.
In March 1885, the Métis heard that a contingent of 500 North-West Mounted Police was heading west. They organized and formed the Provisional Government of Saskatchewan, with Pierre Parenteau as President and Gabriel Dumont as adjutant-general. Riel took charge of a few hundred armed men. They suffered defeat by Canadian armed forces in a conflict known as the North West Rebellion, which occurred in northern Saskatchewan from March 26 to May 12, 1885. Gabriel Dumont fled to the United States, while Riel, Poundmaker, and Big Bear surrendered. Big Bear and Poundmaker each were convicted and received a three-year sentence. On July 6, 1885, Riel was convicted of high treason and was sentenced to hang. Riel appealed but he was executed on November 16, 1885.
Issues of land ownership became a central theme, as the Métis sold most of the 600,000 acres they received in the first settlement.
The Métis settlements in Alberta are the only recognized land base of Métis in Canada. They are represented and governed collectively by a unique Métis government known as the Métis Settlements General Council (MSGC), also known as the "All-Council". The MSGC is the provincial, national, and international representative of the Federated Métis Settlements. It holds fee simple land title via Letters Patents to 1.25 million acres of land, making the MSGC the largest land holder in the province, other than the Crown in the Right of Alberta. The MSGC is the only recognized Métis Governerment in Canada with prescribed land, power, and jurisdiction via the Métis Settlements Act. (This legislation followed legal suits filed by the Métis Settlements against the Crown in the 1970’s).
The Métis Settlements consist of predominantly Indigenous Métis populations native to Northern Alberta – unique from those of the Red River, the Great Lakes, and other migrant Métis from further east. However, following the Riel and Dumont resistances some Red-River Métis fled westward, where they married into the contemporary Métis settlement populations during the end of the 19th century and into the early 20th century. Historically referred to as the "Nomadic Half-breeds", the Métis of Northern Alberta have a unique history. Their fight for land is still evident today with the eight contemporary Métis settlements.
Following the formal establishment of the Métis settlements, then called Half-Breed Colonies, in the 1930s by a distinct Métis political organization, the Métis populations in Northern Alberta were the only Métis to secure communal Métis lands. During renewed Indigenous activism during the 1960s into the 1970s, political organizations were formed or revived among the Métis. In Alberta, the Métis settlements united as: The "Alberta Federation of Métis Settlement Associations" in the mid-1970s. Today, the Federation is represented by the Métis Settlements General Council.
In the 1960s, the settlements of Marlboro, Touchwood, Cold Lake, and Wolf Lake were dissolved by Order-in-Council by the Alberta Government. The remaining Métis Settlers were forced to move into one of the eight remaining Métis Settlements – leaving the eight contemporary Métis Settlements.
The position of Federal Interlocutor for Métis and Non-Status Indians was created in 1985 as a portfolio in the Canadian Cabinet. The Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development is officially responsible only for Status Indians and largely with those living on Indian reserves. The new position was created in order provide a liaison between the federal government and Métis and non-status Aboriginal peoples, urban Aboriginals, and their representatives.
The Provisional Government of Saskatchewan was the name given by Louis Riel to the independent state he declared during the North-West Rebellion (Resistance) of 1885 in what is today the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The governing council was named the Exovedate, Latin for "of the flock". The council debated issues ranging from military policy to local bylaws and theological issues. It met at Batoche, Saskatchewan, and exercised real authority only over the Southbranch Settlement. The provisional government collapsed that year after the Battle of Batoche.
The Métis National Council was formed in 1983, following the recognition of the Métis as an Aboriginal Peoples in Canada, in Section Thirty-five of the Constitution Act, 1982. The MNC was a member of the World Council of Indigenous (WCIP). In 1997 the Métis National Council was granted NGO Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council. The MNC's first ambassador to this group was Clement Chartier. MNC is a founding member of the American Council of Indigenous Peoples (ACIP).
The Métis people hold province-wide ballot box elections for political positions in these associations, held at regular intervals, for regional and provincial leadership. Métis citizens and their communities are represented and participate in these Métis governance structures by way of elected Locals or Community Councils, as well as provincial assemblies held annually.
The Congress of Aboriginal Peoples (CAP) and its nine regional affiliates represent all Aboriginal people who are not part of the reserve system, including Métis and non-Status Indians.
Due to political differences to the MNBC, a separate Métis organization in British Columbia was formed in June 2011; it is called the British Columbia Métis Federation (BCMF). They have no affiliation with the Métis National Council and have not been officially recognized by the government.
The Canadian Métis Council–Intertribal is based in New Brunswick and is not affiliated with the Métis National Council.
The Ontario Métis Aboriginal Association–Woodland Métis is based in Ontario and is not affiliated with the Métis National Council. Its representatives think the MNC is too focused on the Métis of the prairies. The Woodland Métis are also not affiliated with the Métis Nation of Ontario (MNO) and MNO President Tony Belcourt said in 2005 that he did not know who OMAA members are, but that they are not Métis. In a Supreme Court of Canada appeal (Document C28533, page 17), the federal government states that "membership in OMAA and/or MNO does not establish membership in the specific local aboriginal community for the purposes of establishing a s. 35 [Indigenous and treaty] right. Neither OMAA nor the MNO constitute the sort of discrete, historic and site-specific community contemplated by Van der Peet capable of holding a constitutionally protected aboriginal right".
The Nation Métis Québec is not affiliated with the Métis National Council.
None of these claim to represent all Métis. Other Métis registry groups also focus on recognition and protection of their culture and heritage. They reflect their communities' particular extensive kinship ties and culture that resulted from settlement in historic villages along the fur trade.
A majority of the Métis once spoke, and many still speak, either Métis French or an Indigenous language such as Mi'kmaq, Cree, Anishinaabemowin, Denésoliné, etc. A few in some regions spoke a mixed language called Michif which is composed of Plains Cree verbs and French nouns. Michif, Mechif or Métchif is a phonetic spelling of the Métis pronunciation of Métif, a variant of Métis. The Métis today predominantly speak Canadian English, with Canadian French a strong second language, as well as numerous Aboriginal tongues. Métis French is best preserved in Canada.
Michif is most used in the United States, notably in the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation of North Dakota. There Michif is the official language of the Métis who reside on this Chippewa (Ojibwe) reservation. After years of decline in use of these languages, the provincial Métis councils are encouraging their revival, teaching in schools and use in communities. The encouragement and use of Métis French and Michif is growing due to outreach after at least a generation of decline.
The 19th-century community of Anglo-Métis, more commonly known as Countryborn, were children of people in the Rupert's Land fur trade; they were typically of Orcadian, other Scottish, or English paternal descent and Aboriginal maternal descent. Their first languages would have been Aboriginal (Cree language, Saulteaux language, Assiniboine language, etc.) and English. The Gaelic and Scots spoken by Orcadians and other Scots became part of the creole language referred to as "Bungee".
The Métis flag is one of the oldest patriotic flags originating in Canada. The Métis have two flags. Both flags use the same design of a central infinity symbol, but are different colours. The red flag was the first flag used. It is currently the oldest flag made in Canada that is still in use. The first red flag was given to Cuthbert Grant in 1815 by the North-West Company. The red flag was also used at the Battle of Seven Oaks, "La Grenouillère" in 1816. Contrary to popular beliefs the red and blue are not cultural or linguistique identifiers and do not represent the companies.
The term Métis was originally used simply to refer to mixed-race children of the union of Frenchmen (Europeans) and Native women. The first records of "Métis" were made by 1600 on the East Coast of Canada (Acadia), where French exploration and settlement started.
As French Canadians followed the fur trade to the west, they made more unions with different First Nations women, including the Cree. Descendants of English or Scottish and natives were historically called "half-breeds" or "country born". They sometimes adopted a more agrarian culture of subsistence farming and tended to be reared in Protestant denominations. The term eventually evolved to refer to all 'half-breeds' or persons of mixed First Nations-European ancestry, whether descended from the historic Red River Métis or not.
Lowercase 'm' métis refers to those who are of mixed native and other ancestry, recognizing the many people of varied racial ancestry. Capital 'M' Métis refers to a particular sociocultural heritage and an ethnic self-identification that is based on more than racial classification. Some argue that people who identify as métis should not be included in the definition of 'Métis'. Others view this distinction as recent, artificial, and offensive, criticized for creating from what are newly imagined and neatly defined ethnological boundaries, justification to exclude "other Métis".
According to the 2016 Canada Census, a total of 587,545 individuals identified as Métis.
^ "First Nations People, Métis and Inuit". 12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2018-03-21.
^ contenu, English name of the content author / Nom en anglais de l'auteur du. "English title / Titre en anglais". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
^ a b Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census - Canada [Country]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
^ "What to Search: Topics - Genealogy and Family History - Library and Archives Canada". 6 October 2014. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
^ McNab, David; Lischke, Ute (2005). Walking a Tightrope: Aboriginal People and their Representations.
^ Howard, James H. 1965. "The Plains-Ojibwa or Bungi: hunters and warriors of the Northern Prairies with special reference to the Turtle Mountain band"; University of South Dakota Museum Anthropology Papers 1 (Lincoln, Nebraska: J. and L. Reprint Co., Reprints in Anthropology 7, 1977).
^ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Aboriginal identity population, Canada, 2016". www150.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
^ a b c d e f g "Complete History of the Canadian Métis Culturework=Métis nation of the North West".
^ Lambrecht, Kirk N. (2013). Aboriginal Consultation, Environmental Assessment, and Regulatory Review in Canada. University of Regina Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-88977-298-4.
^ a b c d e f g h i j Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples. "The People Who Own Themselves" Recognition of Métis Identity in Canada (PDF) (Report). Canadian Senate. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
^ "Rights of the Aboriginal People of Canada". Canadian Department of Justice.
^ "Métis Are a People, Not a Historical Process - The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca.
^ "The "Other" Métis - The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca.
^ a b "Trudeau pledges annual meetings with Indigenous leaders to advance reconciliation". Retrieved 15 November 2018 – via The Globe and Mail.
^ "Canada-Metis Nation Accord". 20 April 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
^ "Qualifying As A Métis". Canadianmetis.com. Retrieved 2015-10-25.
^ Friesen, Gerald (1987). The Canadian Prairies. Toronto: Toronto University Press. p. 67. ISBN 0-8020-6648-8.
^ a b c d Foster, John E. (1985). "Paulet Paul: Métis or "House Indian" Folk-Hero?". Manitoba History. Manitoba Historical Society. 9: Spring. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
^ a b "The Métis Nation". Angelhair. Archived from the original on 2009-10-26.
^ "Who are the METIS?". Métis National Council. Archived from the original on 2010-02-26.
^ Arthur J. Ray (2016). Aboriginal Rights Claims and the Making and Remaking of History. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 210–212. ISBN 978-0-7735-4743-8.
^ a b c d e "Riel and the Métis people" (PDF). The departments of Advanced Education and Literacy, Competitiveness, Training and Trade, and Education, Citizenship and Youth. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-11-22. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
^ "A Brief History of the Métis People". Wolf Lodge Cultural Foundation ~ Golden Braid Ministries. Archived from the original on 2009-12-12. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
^ "Numbered Treaty Overview". Canadiana.org (Formerly Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions). Canada in the Making. Retrieved 2009-11-16. The Numbered Treaties—also called the Land Cession or Post-Confederation Treaties—were signed between 1871 and 1921, and granted the federal government large tracts of land throughout the Prairies, Canadian North, and Northwestern Ontario for white settlement and industrial use. The disruptive effects of these treaties can be still felt in modern times.
^ a b "Biography – RIEL, LOUIS (1844-85) – Volume XI (1881-1890) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography". Retrieved 15 November 2018.
^ "Thomas Scott - The Canadian Encyclopedia". thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
^ "Indigenous and Northern Relations - Province of Manitoba". Retrieved 15 November 2018.
^ D. N. Sprague, "The Manitoba Land Question 1870–1882," Journal of Canadian Studies 15#3 (1980).
^ Barkwell, Lawrence. The Metis homeland: its settlements and communities. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Louis Riel Institute, 2016. ISBN 978-1-927531129.
^ a b c d "The Métis" (rtf). Canada in the Making. 2005. Retrieved 2010-04-17.
^ "Metis Settlement General Council – Our Land. Our Culture. Our Future". metissettlements.com. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
^ "Métis Settlements General Council". Archived from the original on 2017-08-03. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
^ a b "Office of the Federal Interlocutor for Métis and Non-Status Indians (Mandate, Roles and Responsibilities)". Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. 2009. Archived from the original on 2010-01-28. Retrieved 2010-04-18.
^ "1885 Northwest Resistance". indigenouspeoplesatlasofcanada.ca.
^ "Founding Meeting of the American Council of Indigenous Peoples - Métis National Council". metisnation.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
^ "Métis National Council Online". MÉTIS NATIONAL COUNCIL.
^ "OMAA names MNO in legal action against governments". Ammsa.com. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
^ "Nation Metis Québec - Accueil". nationmetisquebec.ca. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
^ "Fast Facts on Métis". Métis Culture & Heritage Resource Centre. Archived from the original on 2010-01-10. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
^ "The Michif language". Metis Culture & Heritage Resource Centre. Archived from the original on 2009-05-17. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
^ a b "The Métis flag". Gabriel Dumont Institute (Métis Culture & Heritage Resource Centre). Archived from the original on 2009-03-04. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
^ J. Brown, "Métis", Canadian Encyclopedia, vol. 2 (Edmonton: Hurtig, 1985) at 1124.
Barkwell, Lawrence J., Leah Dorion and Darren Préfontaine. Métis Legacy: A Historiography and Annotated Bibliography. Winnipeg: Pemmican Publications Inc. and Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute, 2001. ISBN 1-894717-03-1.
Barkwell, Lawrence J., Leah Dorion, and Audreen Hourie. Métis legacy Michif culture, heritage, and folkways. Métis legacy series, v. 2. Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute, 2006. ISBN 0-920915-80-9.
Barkwell, Lawrence J. Women of the Métis Nation. Winnipeg: Louis Riel Institute, 2010. ISBN 978-0-9809912-5-3.
Andersen, Chris (2014) "Metis": Race, Recognition and the Struggle for Indigenous Peoplehood. Vancouver: UBC Press.
Barkwell, Lawrence J. (2016), The Metis homeland: its settlements and communities. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Louis Riel Institute. ISBN 978-1-927531129.
Hogue, Michel (2015). Métis and the Medicine Line: Creating a Border and Dividing a People. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Sylvia Van Kirk (1983). Many Tender Ties: Women in Fur-Trade Society, 1670–1870. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-1847-5.
Métis in the Courts. Site includes interviews with legal and history experts on Métis issues.
| 2019-04-22T08:25:09 |
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_people_(Canada)
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0.999027 |
Injectable contraceptives - no periods?
My doctor has suggested that I think about taking the injection form of contraception rather than the pill. From information I have received on this form of contraception 55% of woman don't have a period at all. Is it bad for you not to have a period?
The information you quote is substantially correct in that most women using injectable contraceptives do eventually stop menstruating. This is quite harmless but there are many enduring myths about the potentially harmful effects of not having periods. Over the years I have heard many stories about periods going astray resulting in nosebleeds and various catastrophes involving the internal organs. None of these stories have any basis in fact. When you use an injectable contraceptive the growth of the endometrium or lining tissue within the womb is suppressed. Therefore the tissue does not build up as it normally would if you were not using contraceptives. Injectable contraceptives are a form of depot preparation, which means that a small amount of hormone is released into your system on a daily basis over the three-month interval between injections. This prevents the onset of menstruation. A similar effect would occur if you were to take a regular oral contraceptive on a continuing basis without taking a seven-day pill-free break. This latter practice is also harmless and many women choose to avoid menstruation while on the pill by not taking a seven-day break. In summary the endometrium does not build up because of the influence of the depot preparation, which in turn means that there is very little tissue to be shed in the form of menstruation.
| 2019-04-24T14:11:35 |
http://www.irishhealth.com/askdoc.html?q=3294&qasect=3
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0.999676 |
Testing the evolution process of prostate-specific antigen in early stage prostate cancer: what is the proper underlying model?
This paper empirically tests a model of stochastic evolutions of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a trigger for intervention in an early stage prostate cancer surveillance program. It conducts hypothesis testing of the Geometric Browning Motion model based on its attributes of independent increments and linearity of the variance in the increment length versus a wide range of stochastic and deterministic alternatives. These alternatives include the currently accepted deterministic growth model. The paper reports strong empirical evidence in favour of the Geometric Browning Motion model. A model that best describes PSA evolution is a prerequisite to the establishment of decision-making criteria for abandoning active surveillance (i.e. a strategy that involves close monitoring) in early stage prostate cancer. Thus, establishing empirically the type of PSA process is a first step toward the identification of more accurate triggers for abandoning active surveillance and starting treatment while the chances of curing the disease are still high.
| 2019-04-26T01:38:16 |
https://experts.mcmaster.ca/display/publication1522741
|
0.999999 |
Special Containment Procedures: SCP-1802 is to be kept in Humanoid Chamber C-08 at Armed Containment Area 24 pending relocation to a Safe storage facility and monitored according to humanoid containment guidelines. Its cell is to be inspected regularly for concealed objects.
Description: SCP-1802 is an artificial humanoid measuring approximately 30 cm in height. Its body has been crudely assembled from lacquered chicken bones, scraps of iron and leather, wire, heavy twine, and a tin can which serves as the creature's head.1 The object wears a square of white canvas fashioned into a semblance of a lab coat, and has safety goggles secured on its "head" using screws. SCP-1802 walks with an unsteady gait, but is manually dexterous and capable of using tools.
SCP-1802 is sapient and capable of speech—mostly simple recitations of memory. It has a single-minded devotion to one particular task: the collection of miscellaneous, usually worthless objects. It gathers these items in whatever containers it can carry (sacks, small jars, sandwich bags), then creates caches nearby in which to store them, such as behind a dumpster or at the foot of a tree. SCP-1802 can remember the location and contents of each cache it has created. Examples of objects hidden by SCP-1802 include a bottlecap, three acorns, a field cricket, half an ice cream sandwich wrapper, a coat button, and a gecko.2 SCP-1802's largest acquisition was a road sign indicating a deer crossing, removed with the use of stolen tools. Once the sign was removed, SCP-1802 was unable to relocate the item, and so attempted to conceal it in place with the use of fallen leaves. The object was discovered by a police officer and replaced within several hours. SCP-1802 was discovered by the Foundation when it attempted to remove a security camera installed on the gate of Armed Containment Area 24. During the process, it was noticed by a guard, at which point it was captured and taken in for examination.
Interviewer: SCP-1802, what is your earliest memory?
SCP-1802: I woke up and I saw people. Some of the people were making signs. Some of the people were pouring and working. Most of the people were looking at me. A man said to me that it is working. He may have said it to the rest of the people.
SCP-1802: I was wearing my coat and had my arms. Before the man said my purpose, I was not anything that I could remember. But then the man said what I am for.
Interviewer: What is your purpose, SCP-1802?
SCP-1802: I look around. I keep anything I do not understand and study it to learn. By this task I become cool.
Interviewer: It seems like you take anything you find.
SCP-1802: I do not understand much. The man told me that.
Interviewer: What happened to you next?
SCP-1802: The man picked me up and walked until we were outside. He put me down and said to go west and begin my task. He said to keep going west until I saw a gate with cameras on it.
Interviewer: Can you remember what street you were on or what building you came out of?
SCP-1802: I saw signs that said [REDACTED]. I think the numbers on the building said "████".
Interviewer: [to the supervising researcher] That's all we need. [to SCP-1802] Thank you for your cooperation.
SCP-1802: I did not mention a detail. The man said that this detail was very important to remember. The man named me.
Interviewer: What name did he give you?
SCP-1802: He called me "Skip".
Interviewer: Thank you for your cooperation, SCP-1802. The interview is over.
The cardboard box contained a dirt-stained white bottlecap with no identifying markings. After researchers cleaned and evaluated the object, it was designated SCP-████ due to its anomalous properties and placed in containment.
1. Similarity in construction materials between SCP-1802 and SCP-1502 suggests a shared origin.
2. The gecko escaped SCP-1802's possession shortly after it placed the lizard in storage.
3. The container was opened and found to be empty, except for masking tape applied around the bottom of the can.
| 2019-04-24T01:03:23 |
http://scp-wiki.wikidot.com/scp-1802
|
0.999376 |
International Organization - What are international organizations?
In general international organizations are based on multilateral treaties between at least two sovereign nation-states. The formation of an initially fairly loose bond among the participants is generally fortified by the development of more or less stringent institutional structures and organs to pursue certain more or less clearly defined common aims in the international arena. IOs can either have a global or a regional character, with the latter in general displaying a more centralized structure due to the limited number of regional state actors available. While many IOs are singleissue organizations, others focus their attention on a multitude of issues. IOs can either be open to new members or consist of a closed system. On occasion IOs are established for a certain duration as specified in their respective charters, but more often than not no time restriction is applied.
In some of the older literature IOs tend to be subdivided into political and apolitical organizations, the former referring to military and political alliances to further the power of their member states and the latter referring to organizations dealing with mere administrative and technical issues. However, in the last few decades of the twentieth century many of the allegedly technical and "apolitical" suborganizations of the United Nations (for example, the Atomic Energy Commission and the World Health Organization), as well as such wideranging entities as the International Olympic Committee, the International Monetary Fund, and even many large multinational corporations, developed into highly politicized organizations with a multitude of political aims. The differentiation between political and technical IOs is therefore unhelpful. It makes much more sense to differentiate between international governmental organizations (IGOs) like the United Nations, NATO, the IMF, and the World Bank, to name some of the best-known ones, and international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) like Amnesty International and the International Red Cross. Although estimates differ profoundly, at the turn of the twenty-first century at least five hundred IGOs and eleven thousand INGOs were in existence. They were organized in the Union of International Organizations (founded 1907), which is based in Brussels and publishes the annual Yearbook of International Organizations.
While INGOs help to clarify international rules and regulations that enable at least two societal actors (parties, issue groups, unions, associations, international businesses, and corporations) to cooperate in the coordination of certain specified transnational and cross-border issues, IGOs, with which this essay is mostly concerned, are based on the cooperation of nation-states. An IGO is usually based on a multilateral treaty of two or more sovereign nation-states for the pursuit of certain common aims in the international arena. It is helpful to differentiate between supranational or semi-supranational IGOs, like the European Union, or looser confederations of states and nonsupranational IGOs, like the United Nations and NATO. While the former limit the sovereignty of the participating nations to a lesser or greater degree, the latter normally do not infringe on the sovereignty of their member states; they therefore tend to have only a limited degree of influence over their members. Despite the equality of recognized nation-states in international law, in fact a hierarchy of power and influence exists even within nonsupranational IGOs. The UN Security Council, dominated by its five permanent members, as well as the IMF, the World Bank, and many other IOs, are all dominated by the established great powers, not least on account of their political and military influence and capabilities as well as their financial and economic clout. With the exception of China and Russia, the influential powers of the early twenty-first century all come from the ranks of the West.
There are some institutionalized meetings and conferences that can easily be mistaken as IGOs. Among these are the increasingly controversial G7/G8 meetings of developed nations and the meetings of the World Trade Organization as well as summit meetings between heads of states and, for example, the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), which played such an important role in overcoming the Cold War. In fact they are not IGOs; instead these loose organizational structures are only very temporary alliances of a hybrid nature. But they are increasingly important and, in addition to the IGOs and INGOs, must be characterized as a third—albeit no less ambiguous and still largely unexplored—actor in international diplomacy.
| 2019-04-23T18:52:46 |
https://www.americanforeignrelations.com/E-N/International-Organization-What-are-international-organizations.html
|
0.998748 |
Philanthropy – completely overlooked by Brexit?
UK charities risk losing more than £250m (£229m for England alone) of EU money after Brexit.
The main sectors which stand to be affected by the loss of EU funding are international development and humanitarian aid, research and natural and historical conservation.
The UK charities sector is worried that it has not been consulted on the impact of Brexit and on the absence of concrete and alternative measures proposed by the government of Theresa May.
But beyond the loss of EU funding for UK charities, the impact of Brexit on intra-Community philanthropy has not yet been taken into account.
With the “Persche” ruling, the European Court of Justice caused an upheaval in philanthropy in Europe by acknowledging that pursuant to the principle of free movement of capital, gifts made by an EU resident to a charitable body established in another Member State are eligible for the same tax advantages as those granted to national charitable bodies.
Thus, a person liable to tax in France (for example, a French subsidiary of a UK group or a UK citizen living in France and paying personal income tax and/or wealth tax on property) can be eligible for tax relief for charitable giving if he/she supports a UK charity.
The same applies to all individuals or legal entities established in the EU supporting a UK Charity, with no tax impact since the “Persche” ruling.
The negotiators of the withdrawal agreement reached an agreement in principle last December according to which the UK would contribute to and participate in the implementation of the EU’s annual budgets until the end of 2020 which corresponds to the last year of the 2014-2020 multi-annual financial framework.
During this period, charities will continue to have access to European funds, including the European Development Fund which remains outside of the EU budget.
A transition period between 29 March 2019 and 31 December 2020 during which Community law would continue to fully apply in the UK is proposed.
During this period, the tax concessions under European law would remain applicable but they would cease to apply when the UK becomes a third country and European law no longer applies.
After this period, UK charities will lose the favorable tax treatment applied to intra-Community gifts.
It will still be possible to make gifts to UK charities but the tax benefits granted to donors established in France or in another Member State will be challenged if no measure is taken before 2019.
It is another collateral effect that will have an impact on the funding of UK charities: a potential and significant drop in donations in Europe.
What are the alternative solutions from a French point of view?
the case of a British citizen, liable to personal income tax in France or owning real estate subject to wealth tax on property.
BOI-BIC-RICI-20-30-10-10-20170510 n° 220 et s.
| 2019-04-19T13:14:48 |
https://www.fidal.com/fr/news/philanthropy-completely-overlooked-brexit
|
0.999015 |
I could throw my own English event today!
I could have a fun with a participant!!
event because participant was only one.
I would like to contribute to the English learner.
And I also would like to improve English by teaching English.
| 2019-04-21T09:12:54 |
http://inen1.com/2016/04/24/%E5%8F%82%E5%8A%A0%E8%B2%BB%E7%84%A1%E6%96%99%E3%81%AE%E8%8B%B1%E4%BC%9A%E8%A9%B1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E5%AE%9F%E6%96%BD%EF%BC%81/
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0.999508 |
People think that storytelling is only done with words, but you can also tell a story in a picture.
I generally start my paintings with actual people. Either I have a model in front of me or I use reference drawings from my sketchbook. I have found it extremely useful to keep a sketchbook with me at all times for capturing the features, expressions and gestures of people in public. Often the situation I am sketching will be enough to inspire a whole painting; at other times I look for interesting people and put them together in a narrative way.
For instance, I might start with one woman standing with a wineglass in her hand. Then, if I add two or more characters also holding wine glasses, I suddenly have a party.
I decide early if they are young or old, beautiful or frumpy. If I want them friendly, I place them close together. If I want them happy, I give them big smiles. If I want them snooty, I stick their noses up in the air.
Basically the plot is what the characters are doing. Say I have combined four standing figures. If I want my characters to be gossiping, I will place them close together and have them leaning toward each other. If I want them gossiping about someone else, I can have them all looking in the same direction out of the picture. If I want three of them to be close friends and one to be an outsider, I will put three close together and leave some open space between them and the solo figure.
Where is my party taking place? If it's an art gallery, I put some pictures on the wall. If it's a living room, I add living room furniture like a sofa, an easy chair, some end tables with flowers, windows and curtains. For a more public event, I can add a crowd of smaller, abstract figures.
Finally, I have to consider mood. Is it a happy occasion? Then I will probably make the painting bright and colorful. If I want it more dramatic, I can add light and shadows from a single light source. If I want it mysterious, I use dark colors with bright areas only for the faces and accents.
By the time I have finished the painting, I want to know, and show, who these people are, what they are doing, where they are doing it and how they feel about it. That way the painting brings life and vitality to any room where it's hanging.
I want this painting to be about people in public who are only involved with themselves. I start with a maitre d' with his nose up in the air.
Next I add a couple on the right, creating a triangular composition. I place them close together, but not paying attention to each other.
I complete the first layer of color and suggest a crowd in the background with abstract strokes of color.
I blend all of the initial color to create a more solid image. During the blending process, I lengthen the background figures to make them look closer to the foreground. I strengthen some of the colors, add final details, and the painting is done.
| 2019-04-24T18:46:36 |
http://carolekatchen.com/Techniques.htm
|
0.997065 |
× 2 = eight Required Please enter the correct value.
Despite U.S. Attorney General Jeff Session's tough stance on cannabis, the California marijuana market is only going to grow, and it could reach $20 billion a year in legal sales.
On Jan. 4, Sessions ended an Obama-era Department of Justice cannabis policy that prevented federal prosecutors from making marijuana cases in states where cannabis is legal.
But his new policy simply leaves prosecution up to individual U.S. attorneys.
And with 29 states and the District of Columbia legalizing medical marijuana, it's unlikely U.S. attorneys are going to waste time, money, and resources fighting the will of the people.
In fact, cannabis entrepreneurs in legal states simply aren't fazed by Sessions.
"It is my belief that state leaders on both sides of the aisle will work aggressively to protect states' rights, and that America's fastest-growing industry (cannabis) will continue to thrive in spite of this nonsensical action," Krista Whitley, CEO of Altitude Products, a Las Vegas-based conglomerate of cannabis companies, said.
For example, the Cannabis Sativa Inc. (OTCMKTS: CBDS) stock price dropped 19.30% that day, from $9.10 to $7.40 per share.
CBDS traded at a 52-week low of $2.61 per share on Oct. 27, 2017. From today's opening price of $6.07, that's still a profit of 132% in just three months.
Investing in pot stocks is a long play, which is why any dip like the 19% drop we saw on Jan. 4 is actually a buying opportunity.
Now, there's no denying there will be bumps in the road for pot stock investors, like we saw on Jan. 4 with Sessions rescinding the Cole Memo.
Stock prices never just go straight up.
If they did, everyone would get rich.
Thanks to his previous marijuana stock reports, some Members have returns of 816.7%… 766%… 417.6% … 214%… and five more triple-digit winners.
Now, Robinson has to keep the biggest opportunities reserved for his Nova-X Report readers.
Great article. I jumped into the cannabis market in November of 2017 and stayed in even after Jeff Sessions made his announcement. I have made some incredible gains to this point. I do see however that most of the stocks in this sector are continuing to decline slowly. My question is do I continue to hang on until July when Canada goes fully legal, or do i cash out now with my wins?
Thanks for checking out the article!
While we can't provide individual investment advice, this is some information Michael Robinson has previously shared regarding well-performing investments.
"If you have a 100% gain, sell half. That way, you get back your entire investment and are 'playing with house money.' This strategy keeps you in the market capturing fresh gains with no further risk to your original capital."
He has a "backdoor" strategy on how to play the market.
I had $40 K in profits, however, Sessions and com[any have cut that in half. The profits may go all the way down to zero. I intend to hang in as only an idiot cannot see what's happening.
How do I cut through all the clutter to find good pot stocks for a very small investor like myself?
| 2019-04-22T17:24:40 |
https://moneymorning.com/2018/01/30/why-the-california-marijuana-market-could-be-worth-20-billion-despite-jeff-sessions/?src=markets-stock-stories-CBDS
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0.711048 |
I don't buy this idea of making women cardinals.
Cardinals are clergy by definition.
That being said, the method of selecting a pope is open to change.
I would have no problem with finding a way to give women a voice in this process.
My concern is that the Vatican is such a male world, how could women get to know the potential candidates?
It makes sense for the cardinals to choose because they know who's who in the Vatican and in the clerical elite. They have an idea how the Church really works and who would make a good pope.
There aren't that many women in the Vatican. There aren't that many women who really know the Church inside out. Heck, I don't even know if there are female Vaticanologists.
Cardinals meet with each other, read about each other, deal with each other.
Without that firsthand experience, I feel like women would be hostage to their limited experience and knowledge.
So you might suggest: put more women in the Vatican.
Have you ever noticed that the moment a male-dominated space opens up to women, that space loses its masculine vitality?
Don't tell me you've never noticed it at the parish level.
We opened up all kinds of positions to women. They are now lectors, Eucharistic ministers, altar servers, etc.
And the men don't show up.
It's not that I mind women lectors or Eucharistic Ministers per se (although I favour altar service being reserved for boys, but anyhow). It's that once women enter the scene, everything becomes touchy-feely. There's a distinct lack of gravitas.
You can't fault men for being men and not liking touchy feely.
Heck *I* don't like touchy-feely.
So if we open up Vatican up to more women, and find a means to give women a vote in the papal conclave, will that change the institutional Church's character for the worse? It's already bad on the ground, and I really don't want to see it become effeminate the way it is here.
But it would be nice to include women in the process.
| 2019-04-26T07:40:32 |
http://www.bigbluewave.ca/2013/09/giving-women-vote-at-papal-conclave.html
|
0.999999 |
I take two main thoughts from this article. The first is that rewarding show-offs favours certain personality types, assuming wrongly that having a loud voice is a key trait for a good leader. The second is the importance of cultural norms. This chimes with my own experience in operating in Asia, North America and the Middle East for three decades. Sometimes we forget the most basic rule that business is about building relationships. Understanding national cultural norms, respecting them and blending them with your own personal culture and personality with integrity are just a few of the strands of successful international enterprise. The joy for me is working out how all this works, while making long lasting friendships – which by the way, I consider to be the biggest personal reward of doing business internationally.
| 2019-04-24T08:10:47 |
https://lang-uk.com/of-introverts-extroverts-and-cultural-norms/
|
0.999995 |
Am I the first one to try this? Yes, most likely.
According to Wikipedia..."Windows RT is a version of the Windows 8 operating system for ARM devices such as tablets. It will officially only run software available through the Windows Store or included in Windows RT. Among the applications included with Windows RT will be Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote 2013."
I got a RT device and just tried to install Streets the usual way (from DVD) and it was blocked before really even trying. I'm not sure if somehow coming from the Store would allow it to install or not. More investigation would be needed. S&T WILL run beautifully on other Windows 8 devices (including tablets) just maybe not the ones running the stripped down Windows RT OS.
Windows programs (like S&T) designed for x86 CPUs have to be (at minimum) re-compiled to run on non-X86 CPUs like the ARM CPU in the Windows RT tablet.
A similar situation occurred when Apple switched from PowerPC CPUs to Intel CPUs. Not only did that change require a new version of the OS, but it also required new versions of the programs too. Sometimes when changes like this are made, and if the newer processors have plenty of power to spare, the older software can run in a software emulator (if one is available), but that would not be practical in the case of the new, low power RT processors, which have relatively low performance compared to x86 CPUs.
IMO, Microsoft has probably made a mistake with these RT tablets, considering that they could have chosen to use Intel's x86 compatible Atom-series CPUs instead (for their low-end tablets), which would have allowed existing Windows programs to run on their low-end tablets. With RT, they're trying to copy the iOS/Android model but they are way too late to the party this time. But I guess time will tell.
What I think time will tell is that eventually the infatuation will wear off and people will realize that for most applications, tablets have more value for entertainment than for productivity enhancement, and I'm not the only one who has already noticed that, either. (See the excerpts from economist Robert Gordon's working paper http://www.nber.org/papers/w18315 here: http://business.time.com/2012/09/04/is-u-s-economic-growth-a-thing-of-the-past/ best summed up by this: "Invention since 2000 has centered on entertainment and communication devices that are smaller, smarter and more capable, but do not fundamentally change labor productivity...") On top of being late to a market already saturated by iOS & Android, this is another headwind that another new tablet with another new operating system will face: slowing growth and/or an overall market peak that occurs before the new RT tablets establish much of a toehold.
Microsoft will have 2 versions of their new Surface tablet. The first to market will be the Surface RT which will be available when Windows 8 launches on October 26th. The second version will be the Surface Pro, which will not be available for a few months after the RT release, but will use the Intel Core i5 and run conventional Windows programs, as well as Metro apps.
discusses the two versions of Microsoft's tablets, and some of the other tablets (e.g.: Samsung) that will run the x86 "Pro" versions of Win8.
As Marvin mentioned here http://www.laptopgpsworld.com/4841-microsoft-releases-own-tablet-windows-8-a-p2#post44238 : "Let's hope the actual price of the Win 8 Pro tablet will be also a pleasant surprise, just as the $199 RT version is."
That's still the unanswered question, since other Win8 "Pro" tablets like the Samsung are pretty pricey.
Larry, thanks a bunch for testing it. One never knows for certain till it is tested.
It could have been blocked simply because I didn't have a developer license installed on the device. That would allow me to install software outside the app store. Next opportunity I get to try it I will and let you know here.
Marvin Hlavac: One never knows for certain till it is tested.
"...it’s a port of Windows to a different architecture, it doesn’t support legacy software – that is, all software written for Windows already. It’s known as Windows RT because it only supports applications written for Windows Runtime or WinRT (yes, “WinRT” refers to the runtime that works on both architectures, while “Windows RT” refers to the operating system that only works on ARM)...."
"Windows RT devices will be locked down in other ways, too. Microsoft mandates that Secure Boot on Windows RT devices isn’t user-configurable, so you won’t be able to remove Windows RT and install Linux or another operating system."
"However, Windows 8/Pro are compatible with existing Windows programs and Windows RT isn't. "
"...the software you have right now – all of it – is made such that it will only run on x86 hardware – your traditional PC. This software will therefore not be able to run on Windows RT. It will be compatible with Windows 8, so you’ll be able to continue using it if you upgrade your PC. But if you purchase a tablet that has Windows RT – despite the Metro interface looking identical on both devices – your existing software will not run. If that was confusing, let’s summarize - Windows RT will not run your existing software. Windows 8 will."
If Larry decided to test it, he must have had a reason. And I'm glad he shares his test results with us.
Yes Windows 8 (the OS/GUI previously known as Metro) is a bit of a branding nightmare. I can confirm MapPoint also runs great on the x86 version and supports the touch screen; but I would not expect it to run in the ARM "RT" version.
| 2019-04-21T13:23:05 |
http://www.laptopgpsworld.com/4957-streets-trips-probably-wont-run-windows-rt-devices
|
0.999999 |
What was first: the chicken or the egg?
There are different types of questions. Some questions seem easily answerable, but, when really thinking about them are not. Some questions seem easy and are so. Some questions seem hard and indeed are hard. And the fourth category are the questions that seem hard but are easy to answer. In this webpage, I'll discuss a question that fits in at least one of these categories; I'll let you judge which one it is.
What was first: the chicken or the egg.
Folklore is that this question has no answer. If one would answers chicken, then the reply is: but what did the chicken came from?. An egg, of course, so but when one answers egg to the question, then the reply is: but who made the egg? Well, a chicken, but then, where did that chicken came from? So, indeed, it seems this question has no answer. So, is this `chicken-or-egg' question really unanswerable - a paradoxal question?
How the question is precisely interpreted? In particularly, what does the question mean by egg?
But mostly, it depends on our viewpoint on the issue of creation versus evolution.
A little logic plus the answers to the questions above is sufficient to resolve the chicken-or-egg matter.
Theistic evolution theory. This theory accepts most of the mechanics of evolution, but states that God was the guiding force in evolution.
For more on these, see e.g., Two or three viewpoints on the origin of species.
The different viewpoints make for a different answer to the chicken-or-egg question. However, in each of the viewpoints, it seems most probably that there were earlier fish eggs before there were chickens. Evolution theory assumes that some types of fish were on the earth, many years before there were any type of birds. The Bible also describes the creation of the sea animals one sentence before the creation of the birds, so following the Bible, we can assume that there were fish eggs before there were chickens. So, here we have our first answer: the egg was first, if we allow it to be a fish egg.
What was first: the chicken or the chicken-egg?
What is a chicken egg?
A chicken egg is an egg from a chicken.
A chicken egg is an egg from which a chicken (f/m) is born.
In case of the first definition, the chicken clearly must have been first. How the chicken came into being? The evolution theory gives the answer as follows: some kind of animal that was not a chicken but resembles a chicken quite a lot has an egg with a mutation, and from this egg, the chicken is born.
The situation is a little more complicated for followers from theistic evolution. Here, possibly the chicken was formed from another type of bird by a small evolutionary step, and in this case, the answer is as above, depending on the definition of the notion of chicken egg. But also, possibly, the chicken was formed by a bigger jump. Could there be a bird, not a chicken, that made an egg of its own type, from which God let a chicken be born? Could God have transformed a bird, not a chicken, during its life to a chicken? Or was there a bird, not a chicken, that produced an egg that was like a chicken-egg? In this case, we are not free to define the notion of chicken-egg ourselves, and we may just have to say that we do not know exactly how God created the species / chickens.
And God said: ... and let birds fly above the earth across the expanse of the sky. So God created ... every winged bird according to its kind.
. It seems to me that from this verse one can conclude that the birds were created as animals, not as eggs. So, to creationists, the answer to the chicken-or-chicken-egg question seems easiest: God created the chicken, and the chicken made the first chicken-egg.
To some people, the analysis given above may seem silly. Does it teach us something, except that we can somehow answer the chicken-or-egg question? Well, perhaps we can conclude a few other things. Some questions become easier when we try to analyse them precisely, but then the answer appears to depend on viewpoints on other issues. Even then, the answer given by the analysis may be wrong, when the viewpoint is wrong.
In fact, here is another answer to the question: I believe that God created the animals, plants, and humans. He also created the chickens. But, while I may have some ideas on how he created them (creationist or theistic evolutionist), I cannot know for sure. I do not know with certainty how creation took place: whether eggs were created first, whether God used evolution in His creation process, whether we should take the seven days of creation from the Bible literally or whether these were meant to be a metaphore. But I know for sure that creation was His wish.
Two or three viewpoints on the origin of species.
| 2019-04-23T07:53:40 |
http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~bodla101/religion/chickenegg.html
|
0.998793 |
Did I finish?: Yes, yes I did.
One-sentence summary: Renaissance Venice and 17th century France are connected by three women and one magical fairy tale.
Do I like the cover?: I do -- simple but striking.
First line: I had always been a great talker and teller of tales.
Did... I love reading about what inspired this novel? YES. Forsyth shares a lovely piece about how the myth and one of this book's heroines, Charlotte Rose de la Force, came to be.
Did... I enjoy the author's list of favorite academic studies of fairy tales?: YES. Her whole blog is a treat -- she's recently interviewed a slew of authors, some familiar, some new, and my TBR has grown as a result!
Buy, Borrow, or Avoid?: Buy -- if you can find it!
Why did I get this book?: Fairy tales retold -- who can say 'no'?!
Review: I feel kind of terrible writing this review because this book is awesome ... and not available in the U.S. (It is available in the UK.) As usual, with a book I love this much, I'm having a hard time writing a coherent review. I really ought to just do a video review so I can wave my hands and make excited noises -- that'd probably convey more.
Like others on this tour, I'm totally unwilling to part with my copy of this book. I had hoped to offer a giveaway but Book Depository doesn't have this one available yet. Keep your eye out -- if you like fairy tales, French history, and escapist historical fiction, you'll want this novel.
Wasn't it so good? I could easily reread it right now -- it's just -- I can't even make complete sentences!
I ordered this book from Amazon UK I'm so desperate to read it! Great review!
Ruth, you won't regret it!!
I want this one, so, so bad! I think I am going to do what Ruth did and order it from Amazon UK. It sounds like a glorious book, and one that would have me reading and reading until I finally reached the end. This was an enticing review to someone who is already enticed, so thank you for getting a fire lit under me.
Heather -- this is worth any extra cost -- it is wonderful. Just the kind of book that makes me fall in love with the joy of reading -- escapist, lush, emotional, gorgeous... Loved it.
I can tell you really loved this one. I am not one for fairy tale retellings so it's probably not my thing but I love that YOU loved it so much!
I have this book and can't wait to sit and read it. Your review is wonderful.
Oooh, lucky you! I checked Book Depository this morning and it wasn't available, and hasn't been the last few times I've searched for it. Amazon UK seems to be the best option at the moment. I hope you enjoy this one -- it is SO GOOD.
Sounds absolutely lovely. I do adore the cover as well.
Right now, I'm only able to use crazy adjective to express my enthusiasm for this one. Really wonderful.
I was bummed that the tour for this one didn't fit into my schedule! Glad you loved it! Everyone is loving it and I want her new novel too, The Wild Girl.
Jenny, I made it work because I was literally frantic to get my hands on this one. Now dying to read all her fiction -- she's amazing.
I'm not huge fan of fairy tale retolds but this sounds like worth trying. And the cover is very pretty!
Somehow it's always harder to write reviews for books you love.
At least Book Depositary Uk seems to have it.
There's a wonderfully solid historical fiction story in this story -- the Rapunzel tale is woven in and is a part of the story as much as the author of the Rapunzel story is. I searched for an excerpt online and couldn't find it but if you can get a copy, give it a try!
I loved this book too! I was expecting it to be good but I was completely blown away.
Agreed -- it was just marvelous.
This was an excellent book! I read it last year (I was fortunate enough to be part of a blog tour for the Aussie edition) and agree with everything you wrote about it. Book Depository may not be selling it directly anymore, but it can be bought from them via ABE. It may be a sales territory thing.
Sarah -- thanks for the tip -- I hope the buzz and enthusiasm for this one lands it a US publishing deal soon!
Seriously -- here's hoping US publishing rights happen soon!
I just finished the book last night. Couldn't sleep till I got to the end. I am so lucky that the library here in Melbourne had it. They get a bit late to get in books so when I saw it there I just grabbed it. Wonderful read.
Oooh, yay for getting your hands on it -- it really is unputdownable!! Just adored it -- glad you enjoyed it!
I want to thank you for the word "infodump." Not that I never heard it before. But when I read historical fiction that is just too much, I have such a hard time finding the right word to describe it when I review the book. "Infodump" is exactly the word I need to describe the problem with a lot of historical fiction. It looks like the author did lots of research and didn't want to waste a single bit of it, so dumped all of it on the reader. I don't enjoy a book like that and often shy away from historical fiction as a result.
I felt the same way about this book - loved it! The multiple narratives are so cleverly done and Forsyth's writing style is a pleasure to read.
| 2019-04-20T20:51:06 |
http://www.unabridgedchick.net/2013/03/bitter-grens-by-kate-forsyth.html
|
0.999141 |
Dave Dutton was a young man wandering Europe on a $5-a-day budget when his parents sent him a wire. They'd found a location for the bookstore they'd always dreamed of opening. Would he run the place?, they wondered.
Dutton agreed, but cautioned that he would do it for only a year. He was young, and the world beckoned.
But he would never stray far from Dutton's Books, a Los Angeles landmark with its overflowing shelves, hard-to-find titles and customers wondrously thumbing through their options. A "cultural museum," Dutton once called the bookstore.
Dutton died Friday at his home in Valley Village, roughly a decade after he and his wife packed up the last 50,000 books and closed up the North Hollywood shop for the final time. Dutton was 79 and suffered from Parkinson's disease.
Dutton's Books on Laurel Canyon Boulevard, along with sister locations in Burbank and downtown Los Angeles, was at the very center of literary LA when it opened in 1961.
While chains like Crown Books and Waldenbooks pared down their stock to the bestsellers, discounted prices and moved inventory as if it were produce, Dutton's was swimming in choices. Shoppers could seamlessly wander from old English fiction to a collection marked "Transportation: Cars and Trains" and then off to another titled "Celtic Mythology."
"I usually come in knowing what I want. But I usually walk out with something else," a Van Nuys customer told The Times in a 1991 interview. The store's manager once describe the expansive bookstore as "the glory of clutter."
Born Davis Dutton on Feb. 14, 1937, Dutton had agreed to put aside his travels in Europe to help run the bookstore along with his parents and his wife, Judy.
But Dutton did part ways with the store — at least for a while. He became a writer and editor at Westways magazine and moved to Denver to edit another magazine, and briefly attended law school. But he'd been seduced by the printed word, and wanted to return to books.
In the mid 1970s, his parents retired and he and Judy took over ownership of Dutton's. They expanded its footprint and its offerings, and eventually filled the space with 350,000 new and used titles. The store was known for its labyrinthine layout and towering stacks of books.
For decades, Dutton weathered the changes the roiled the book industry. In 1992, the chain Bookstar opened a brightly lighted, 10,000-foot discount bookstore less than 2 miles away.
"We just play it from month to month and year to year and hope that we can stay one step ahead of the chains," Dutton told The Times. "But if I were starting fresh in an untried location, I'd be very reluctant to open a general bookstore in L.A."
But L.A. it was. Over the years, he opened shops in other locations but it was the Laurel Canyon store that lasted. His was a literary family — his younger brother Doug Dutton took over ownership of Dutton's Brentwood in the 1980s, running it until it closed in 2008, and another brother, Dennis Dutton, was a professor and co-founder of the website Arts & Letters Daily.
Dave Dutton's North Hollywood store was a busy crossroads for book lovers, even after it suffered damage in the 1994 Northridge earthquake.
Regular customers had a relationship with the owner and called frequently. "Mr. Dutton knew almost everything about anything that ever happened, especially if it happened in the Valley," Marci Vogel wrote in The Times. "If the question was a real stumper, he'd take the phone himself. Even if he couldn't answer the question, he enjoyed commiserating with others who wondered about the same things he did."
"My dad loved not only literature, but he loved people, and our bookstore was a place for everybody in Los Angeles to gather, and to browse, or just to hang out," son Dirk Dutton told The Times. "My dad was never in it for the money. He just loved talking books and having fun at the store."
Dutton was a writer himself, including a 2005 magazine-length tale of stumbling across a slightly sinister but undeniably beautiful painting at a garage sale, and the detective work it took to determine the identity of the artist. The artist, he ultimately learned, had burned nearly all of her work and never painted again after receiving a negative review. The painting he'd purchased at the garage sale had somehow survived the artist's fiery rage.
When Dutton and his wife packed up the North Hollywood shop, loading the remaining books into a 30-foot truck, Dutton reflected on the virtues of being an old-school bookseller in a market dominated by the Internet.
"The book business used to be a place where idealists and dreamers of a better world who perhaps didn't like business, didn't admire the business tactics generally necessary to survive, could find a happy compromise."
Dutton is survived by his wife, son Dirk and a daughter, Juliet Dutton.
| 2019-04-21T22:38:18 |
https://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-dave-dutton-20170113-story.html
|
0.998438 |
This is an interesting question when you consider the fact that there are approximately 400 different shark species within the oceans. What they eat will often vary depending on the type of shark and its size. This article will explain what their diet consists of so that you will have a better understanding of how they survive.
What do sharks eat may not be as interesting as how often they eat. Most sharks will only eat once every two or three days. This is because they need time to digest there food as they do not really chew when they eat, they do more swallowing than anything. They can also be relatively lazy when they eat if you think about it. This is because they will usually go for the animals and fish in the water that are sick or weak. This takes less energy out of them and they are able to relax a little more while they are hunting for their dinner.
Information on what do sharks eat will often explain that most sharks will eat fish, squids and other crustaceans. However, some sharks become very particular with their meals and they actually prefer certain foods over others. For instance, hammerhead sharks really enjoy making a meal out of stingrays. Dogfish sharks enjoy lobster and tiger sharks like to eat sea turtles.
While this is interesting information, it may surprise you to know that some sharks like the whale shark do not hunt for their food at all. Rather, these sharks will filter plankton through their gills and enjoy feasting on this. Some sharks are capable of filtering out 4.5 pounds of food each hour.
Some sharks will expend the extra energy that is required to eat sea lions, seals and dolphins. This sounds sad to think about as many people enjoy watching these beautiful animals. So, think about that when you ask, what do sharks eat because you may not really want to know the answer.
If you examine a shark closely, which I would not recommend, you may notice that different types have different kinds of teeth. These teeth are related to the type of food that the particular species of shark actually eats. For example, great white sharks have razor sharp teeth and some that are triangular in shape. This is so that they can rip through fatty meat of larger prey.
It seems obvious that sharks eat just about anything they want to eat. Because of their size they are able to make a meal out of just about anything without much of a fight. It is interesting that they have adapted based on what they eat (with their teeth and gills for filtration). They really are amazing creatures if you take the time to understand how they work. Regardless of how inhumane their feeding habits may appear to be, they are needed to regulate ocean life. They do serve a purpose other than scaring people along the beaches.
If you are interested in learning more about sharks and what they eat you can always research sharks on your own and get a better idea about what they enjoy feasting on. You can also visit area aquariums that have shark exhibits. The employees there have a lot of knowledge about sharks and their diets. They may be able to spend time with you and help you learn even more. In your investigating you may also find out that sharks have a certain way that they hunt or attack their prey. This may be interesting to know when you think about a sharking eating a sea lion or a seal. It would be very neat to know how they make their attack.
| 2019-04-21T20:07:00 |
http://interestinganimals.net/what_do_sharks_eat/what_do_sharks_eat.html
|
0.999537 |
Thanos and his Children - Proxima Midnight, Ebony Maw, Corvus Glaive and Cull Obsidian - have attacked the Asgardian ship in search of the Space Stone, which is housed in the Tesseract that Loki had stolen before Asgard's destruction. With Thanos already possessing the Power Stone after decimating Xandar, Thanos' army swiftly defeats the Asgardians. After a futile counter-attack from the Hulk, Loki offers the Tesseract to Thanos in exchange for Thor's life - only to be killed himself when Thanos anticipates Loki's attempt to betray and kill him. Heimdall uses the power of the Bifrost to send Hulk to Earth before Glaive kills him. Thanos and his Children then depart just as the ship self-destructs, leaving a mourning Thor behind.
Hulk crash lands at the Sanctum Sanctorum and is reverted back to Bruce Banner, who informs Stephen Strange and Wong about Thanos' impending arrival. Strange and Banner retrieve Tony Stark and brief him about the Infinity Stones and Thanos. Maw and Obsidian arrive in New York to seize the Time Stone from Strange, and Stark, Strange, Wong and Peter Parker confront them as Banner is unable to transform into the Hulk, having been traumatized by his defeat by Thanos. Maw incapacitates and captures Strange; Stark and Parker pursue his spaceship while Wong stays behind to protect the Sanctorum and Banner contacts the rest of the Avengers.
In Scotland, Wanda Maximoff and Vision, who has the Mind Stone in his forehead, are ambushed by Midnight and Glaive, but Steve Rogers, Natasha Romanoff and Sam Wilson fend them off. They decide to seek shelter in the Avengers Facility in Upstate New York, where they meet James Rhodes, who is once again mobile with new bionic leg braces. Vision proposes that Maximoff destroy the Stone in his forehead to keep Thanos from retrieving it at his expense. Rogers suggests that they travel to the one place that has the technology to safely remove the stone from Vision without killing him: Wakanda.
Thor is rescued by the Guardians of the Galaxy, who had picked up the Asgardian ship's distress call. Thor guesses that Thanos would be after the Reality Stone, which is in the possession of the Collector in Knowhere, but first he must retrieve a new weapon from the dwarven planet of Nidavellir, where the only forge that can create such a weapon exists. Thor orders Rocket with him to Nidavellir, while Peter Quill, Gamora, Drax and Mantis travel to Knowhere. In Knowhere, Thanos ambushes the Guardians, having already retrieved the Reality Stone and created an illusion of an intact Knowhere to trap them. He captures Gamora. Thanos reveals that he knows that Gamora already knows the location of the Soul Stone after prying information from a tortured Nebula. Nebula escapes and signals the remaining Guardians to meet her on Titan, Thanos' home world. Thanos and Gamora travel to the planet of the Soul Stone, where Red Skull, the Stone's keeper, informs him that the Stone can only be retrieved by sacrificing someone he truly loves. Despite his reluctance, Thanos tearfully throws Gamora off a tall cliff to her death, which grants him the Soul Stone.
Stark and Parker rescue Strange from Maw's torture, and throw Maw out of the ship killing him. The three leave to confront Thanos on Titan, where they meet Quill, Drax and Mantis and form a plan to remove Thanos' gauntlet. Thanos teleports to Titan, where the group engage him hand-to-hand and manage to subdue him. Mantis is able to calm Thanos while Peter and Tony attempt to pry the gauntlet from his arm. Quill and Nebula, who arrived on Titan during the battle, deduce that Gamora is dead; an enraged Quill retaliates, breaking the group's hold on Thanos. Thanos defeats the group, and Strange decides to surrender the Time Stone to save Stark. Thanos retrieves the Time Stone and departs Titan.
Thor, Rocket and Groot arrive at an abandoned and desolate Nidavellir, where the giant dwarf Eitri informs them that Thanos forced the dwarves to create his gauntlet; in return, Thanos killed all the dwarves except for Eitri. After laboring to reactivate the forge, the four create Stormbreaker, a battle axe that serves as Thor's new weapon and grants him the power of the Bifrost. Meanwhile, the Avengers arrive in Wakanda and task Shuri with safely extracting the Mind Stone from Vision. Thanos' Outrider army arrives and begins attacking Wakanda, and the Avengers, alongside the united Wakandan armies led by King T'Challa, mount a defense against Thanos' forces. Glaive infiltrates Shuri's lab and attacks Vision. The Outriders begin overwhelming the defending armies before Thor, Rocket and Groot arrive to help the Avengers. Midnight, Obsidian and Glaive are killed, but Thanos arrives for the Mind Stone. A tearful Maximoff destroys the still-implanted Mind Stone in Vision to prevent Thanos from retrieving it, but Thanos uses the Time Stone to reverse the event and pry out the Mind Stone from Vision, killing him. Thor attacks and drives Stormbreaker into Thanos' chest, but Thanos survives, snaps his fingers with the gauntlet before teleporting away.
Thanos' goal of eradicating half of all life in the universe comes to fruition as people begin disintegrating; Bucky Barnes, Groot, Peter Parker, Quill, Dr Strange, T'Challa, Sam Wilson, Drax, Mantis and Wanda Maximoff all dissolve into ash. In Wakanda, only Rogers, Thor, Banner, Romanoff, James Rhodes, Rocket, Okoye and M'Baku remain of the heroes. On Titan, only Nebula and Stark are left alive. Thanos awakens fully healed in another planet and serenely watches the sunset, satisfied at having achieved his ultimate goal.
In a post-credits scene, the Earth is in chaos as people begin dissolving into nothing; cars crash on the street and a helicopter is seen crashing into a skyscraper and exploding. Former S.H.I.E.L.D. Director Nick Fury and Deputy Director Maria Hill witness the scene on the street before they dissolve themselves. Before he vanishes, Fury manages to send a final distress signal to Captain Marvel.
| 2019-04-23T08:09:46 |
https://www.cinemaxone.com/2018/08/avengers-infinity-war-2018-brrip-1080p.html
|
0.989265 |
Not really sure what an online course is or what to expect from your experience in taking one? This should address some of the most commonly asked questions.
Online courses at COD are administered through Blackboard, the learning management system used at COD. Blackboard is where you will be able to find your course syllabus and calendar and access your assignments, tests and course discussions. You will be expected to log on to Blackboard frequently--every day in many cases and sometimes over the weekend.
Each course is different, but the majority of online courses are structured just like traditional courses. Work must be completed by certain deadlines (you can't wait until the last week to do it all), which are usually spaced week-by-week. You will need to log on to look at new lecture material and to complete any assignments that the instructor has put on the site.
In many courses, you will also be responsible for participating in weekly discussions. These are done through online discussion boards, where you will be graded on your responses to questions and engagement with other students.
With the exception of not going to a physical classroom each week (some online courses do require occasional campus visits), your online course will operate just as any other course you've taken, with several different types of work and participation counting towards your grade.
How are online classes different from traditional classes?
In many ways, online classes are no different than traditional courses. The coursework is essentially the same, as are the expectations. You will receive the same amount of credit and online courses do not show up differently on your transcript.
Of course, not everything about online learning is identical. In an exclusively online course, you will not be going to a physical class location and can learn where and when you'd like. This has some advantages and some disadvantages, as it is more convenient but will require you to be more proactive about completing course work and ensuring you stay on pace with the class.
The majority of online courses at COD are delivered entirely online and will not necessitate students coming to campus. However, there are some online courses that will require you to come to campus for placement testing or for proctored exams or to outside locations for clinical practicums.
To learn if a course requires a campus visit, check in myACCESS.
Yes and no. You can complete your work any time of day or night that you want. This is part of what makes online classes so great for working adults.
However, you will have to meet weekly deadlines. This means that you will have to keep pace and ensure that you are completing work regularly so that you will not miss these deadlines and fall behind in the course.
What can you do to succeed in an online class?
Many of the things that will make you successful in an online class are the same things that make you successful in a traditional class: completing course reading assignments, asking questions, watching lectures, and studying on a regular schedule.
But because online courses are student-centered, a lot of your success depends on your active participation. For each credit hour you are taking, you will need to spend three to four hours completing the requirements of the course. So for a three hour course, you can expect to commit anywhere from nine to twelve hours a week.
Will I feel isolated in an online course?
If you are the type of person who needs face-to-face interaction to thrive, then, yes, you might feel isolated in an online course. But if talking with your classmates and professors over email, discussion boards, and other methods of online communication works for you, you should be fine, as you'll get a lot of this kind of interaction. You can expect that participation and serious engagement will make up a substantial part of your grade.
In fact, because everyone must post to a discussion board in an online class, you can get to know your teacher and classmates very well – sometimes even better than you would in a traditional classroom.
While you may not be on campus, that doesn't mean you're completely isolated from the resources COD provides. You can contact tech support, faculty members, and staff working in every department in the school, from registration to the library, if you need help.
| 2019-04-19T05:34:11 |
http://ouweb.cod.edu/online/faq.aspx
|
0.999994 |
Some attorneys charge by the hour but increasingly there are ways to work with legal advisors on flat fees, value billing, fixed retainer and project block basis. This is often a great way for small business owners to make sure that they keep a cap on costs and know in advance how much these services will cost so they can budget up front.
What is your approach to working with small businesses?
Some attorneys prefer to be reactive, waiting until they are asked to do work. Others act as advisors and counselors, providing input on various areas of the business that can help small business owners plan how they want to approach dealings in the context of the overall business. It's important that the attorney's approach matches the way that the small business owner prefers to work.
What experience do you have working with small businesses like mine?
While many competent attorneys can handle just about any business matter put before them, it's helpful to know if an attorney is aware of the quirks and personalities that may be unique to your business. Tech businesses go very quickly and attorneys need to keep up with the speed. Entertainment businesses can provide information in drips and drabs with lots of possible scenarios in between so attorneys need to be able to deal with creative personalities. Each industry has its own unique qualities and attorneys who are aware of those often make a good fit for the long term.
This is one way to find out how the attorney solves problems with or for clients. Understanding their role as a service provider, team extension, trusted advisor can be explained when answering such a question. You can also learn how creative an attorney may be in problem-solving and how solution-focused they might be.
This is a way to gauge the enthusiasm for your business, whether this is seen as a short or longer term relationship, whether your needs and goals fit with the vision of the attorney or legal team and what you might expect if you choose to work with the attorney. It's important really to know who you are working with and how seriously they take your account. It's a terrible inconvenience as well as often disruptive and expensive to shift legal counsel. Best to find a good match at the beginning whenever possible.
personal assets.\n\nWhat is the best way a small business can maximize its tax deductions? (Optional)\n\n\nWhat specifically are small business owners most confused about when you first meet with them?\nThey know what they want to accomplish, but they do not necessarily understand the legal implications of their business decisions. I spend a lot of time educating them and providing counsel so that they understand their options and the interplay between business decisions and legal obligations.\n\nHow can quality legal services help a small business grow?\nA good attorney or legal team provides you with the ability to spend your time on your business rather than in your business. By that, I mean that competent counsel removes the burden of the small business owner from having to spend time on legal matters rather than on the core business matter that will grow your business. Additionally, as counsel continues their relationship with you, the ability to help you see the big picture about what you do in context can provide paths to growth that may not be open to you otherwise.\n\nHow can quality legal services help small businesses save money?\nPreventing problems that could occur in the future, avoiding costly legal mistakes or misunderstandings, clarifying duties and obligations, and optimizing negotiations are the hallmark of great legal services that can save small businesses money.\n\nHow can small businesses maximize the value of their legal team\u2019s services?\nBy using your legal team or attorney as a counselor, asking questions and providing lots of two-way communication, small businesses can gain immeasurable value from their legal services. Working with your attorney or legal team as a trusted advisor and extension of your business ensures that everyone is on the same page when dealing with both opportunities and challenges, so you can make the most of any circumstance.\n\nShould business partners have the same amount of equity in a company? Why or why not?\nThat entirely depends upon the circumstances and the partners. In some situations, one partner will provide funding while the other provides \"sweat equity.\" Sometimes there is one partner who provides an asset or knowledge without which the business would not be viable. The relationships of business partners may be varied, but what is always important is that the expectations as well as the parameters of the equity and other business responsibilities are expressly agreed to and written out in advance. Assumptions can kill friendships and destroy businesses, even among longtime friends who go into business together with the best intentions. These sad circumstances can often be completely avoided by advanced planning done with competent and caring counsel.\n\nWhat are the top three things a small business owner should be aware of when purchasing an existing business?\nReview the business's tax returns to determine profitability and if there is outstanding tax liability, Due diligence reviewing customer lists, sale records, advertising materials, and employee contracts, Find out if there are any human resources issues or outstanding lawsuits pending against the company.\n\nDo you have any other essential legal guidance for startups that you haven't already included in this survey?\nSmall business is challenging, even when everything is going great. Having reliable, smart, creative legal counsel can provide a strategic advantage at any stage of the business. Focusing on ways to maximize profits while minimizing risk is something that an attorney or legal team can do to ensure that the business has its best chance at growth, success and return on its investment."}" style="font-size: 15.6px; font-family: Arial;">What is the best way a small business owner can protect personal wealth and assets from business risks?
Depending upon the nature of the business, forming an entity that has a separate life and "personhood" can be a wonderful way to protect personal wealth and assets from business risks. There are different types of legal entities, each with its own characteristics and requirements. This question is an important one to consider early on with a legal advisor or team so that a small business owner chooses the best structure for the business while also protecting personal assets.
They know what they want to accomplish, but they do not necessarily understand the legal implications of their business decisions. I spend a lot of time educating them and providing counsel so that they understand their options and the interplay between business decisions and legal obligations.
A good attorney or legal team provides you with the ability to spend your time on your business rather than in your business. By that, I mean that competent counsel removes the burden of the small business owner from having to spend time on legal matters rather than on the core business matter that will grow your business. Additionally, as counsel continues their relationship with you, the ability to help you see the big picture about what you do in context can provide paths to growth that may not be open to you otherwise.
Preventing problems that could occur in the future, avoiding costly legal mistakes or misunderstandings, clarifying duties and obligations, and optimizing negotiations are the hallmark of great legal services that can save small businesses money.
By using your legal team or attorney as a counselor, asking questions and providing lots of two-way communication, small businesses can gain immeasurable value from their legal services. Working with your attorney or legal team as a trusted advisor and extension of your business ensures that everyone is on the same page when dealing with both opportunities and challenges, so you can make the most of any circumstance.
That entirely depends upon the circumstances and the partners. In some situations, one partner will provide funding while the other provides "sweat equity." Sometimes there is one partner who provides an asset or knowledge without which the business would not be viable. The relationships of business partners may be varied, but what is always important is that the expectations as well as the parameters of the equity and other business responsibilities are expressly agreed to and written out in advance. Assumptions can kill friendships and destroy businesses, even among longtime friends who go into business together with the best intentions. These sad circumstances can often be completely avoided by advanced planning done with competent and caring counsel.
Review the business's tax returns to determine profitability and if there is outstanding tax liability, Due diligence reviewing customer lists, sale records, advertising materials, and employee contracts, Find out if there are any human resources issues or outstanding lawsuits pending against the company.
Small business is challenging, even when everything is going great. Having reliable, smart, creative legal counsel can provide a strategic advantage at any stage of the business. Focusing on ways to maximize profits while minimizing risk is something that an attorney or legal team can do to ensure that the business has its best chance at growth, success and return on its investment.
Polished legal professional with extensive managerial and client-facing experience and a 15+ year progressive track record of empathetic leadership and commitment to team, client and stakeholder goals. Strengths in legal strategy and planning, innovation, program/product development and operational execution, marketing and communications, team and organizational development, business development and all areas of operational management. Adept at utilizing flexibility, initiating and managing change to achieve results working with diverse cultures, organizational structures and external alliances. Superior intercultural communication, diplomacy, mediation and problem-solving skills.
| 2019-04-25T20:19:38 |
https://www.upcounsel.com/what-to-ask-hiring-an-attorney-and-incorporation-laskaris
|
0.999157 |
tea.mathoverflow.net - Would this question be acceptable?
Community: Would this question be acceptable?
Some years ago there was what certainly appeared to be an interesting pair of articles side by side in the Bulletin of the AMS (January, 1992), both about information-based complexity theory (about which I know nothing), initiated by Traub and Wozniakowski. The first, by Beresford Parlett, was an extended critique of work of IBCT, focusing on two representative papers and claiming that parts of IBCT are "true, but mistaken" (i.e., seriously misleading, in spite of the fact that the mathematical proofs were impeccable). The second was by Traub and Wozniakowski, defending their work and the IBCT program generally. Preceding this pair of articles were remarks by the Editors, Morris Hirsch and Richard Palais, recognizing not only the controversy witnessed by the two articles themselves, but the controversial nature of their decision to open the pages of the Bulletin to such a debate.
At the time of reading it, I felt unable to reach a conclusion of which side had the stronger case, but I've always been curious about this and particularly what has transpired since. My general question would be: has the apparent disagreement been resolved by now, and if so, how?
Such a question might be considered controversial for MO (just as the debate was controversial for the Bulletin). In addition, this is not a question arising from my own research; it's more like idle curiosity on my part, so I'm afraid the motivation for the question is not very strong, except that I like to see mathematical issues resolved to everyone's satisfaction.
Is such a question acceptable for MO, or could it be made acceptable?
If I were to be rude, I would say "Did you not do your homework?"
there something that remains unanswered for you after doing this?"
I am unsure what the goal is for having a question near to this.
is not clear to me if Todd wants that.
Gerhard: thanks for your kind words.
I did a quick web search. A sizable percentage of the first few hits I got were versions of the Parlett article. I can't tell the degree of scholarship that went into the WP article. A number of articles on IBCT are not by mathematicians (which of course is not to imply they were in any way deficient, of course, but I'm even less able to judge articles by electrical engineers than I am articles by mathematicians). Some are from before Parlett's 1992 article. And I'm not sure a "safety in numbers" argument, while it has at least some prima facie weight, convincingly trumps whatever Parlett, who is generally a well-regarded researcher, had to say on matters of interpretation he felt were subtle. In summary, a google search is a very superficial way to someone outside this area to do his "homework"; it would be much better to hear from someone acquainted with the issues that were brought up.
A rephrasing along your lines might be good and appropriate, but I want to avoid appearances of prejudging (e.g., casting subtle doubt on Parlett's article).
After reading your post and response, I have the sense that the question will best be something like the following. Pick a particular point Parlett proferred on which you wish a resolution, and ask about that specific issue. It should be easy to present it as an uncontroversial question. After that, you can give some background and state how much you want to avoid/stir up controversy, as well as your interest in having the other points resolved.
I think it reasonable to express interest on a simple technical issue, e.g. "Is it valid to infer the value of the mean for a small group drawn from a large population and use it the way these guys do?", and ask if there were further research done to resolve the issue. At the very least, it can serve as a kind of reference request. Also, if your intention is academic (and mathematical) and not political, and you make that clear, MathOverflow can handle it.
Thanks again, Gerhard. I'll think it over, but my inclination at this point is not to ask after all, even though I find the situation curious and interesting.
I think you should ask it. Talking about a controversy isn't necessarily controversial itself.
| 2019-04-24T15:24:50 |
http://mathoverflow.tqft.net/discussion/1548/would-this-question-be-acceptable/
|
0.999998 |
Well arranged report let you know what a staff has done in/outside of office.
Business diary is where to record memos related to In-house work.
Each diary format can have its own conditions.
Searchable by subjects, contents, writer and attached file.
Integrated with Outlook or Outlook express.
You can add a new business diary by pressing the [Add new] .
Enter the necessary data and press the Save button to save the added diary.
If you select [ Temporary Save], the created diary is saved in Drafts box where you can retrieve a draft to rewrite the message.
When creating a new diary, you can use the registered form such as Sales report, and Purchase list.,etc.
Classify : Category fit into the diary you are currently working with.
You can select one ffrom a range of diary types pre-registered by the Administrator.
If appropriate category is not available, you can add a new diary after consulting with the Administrator.
You can select a date from the calendar prompted by pressing the button.
When saving a business diary, you can indicate the importance of the diary by pressing [Normal] or [High].
To deliver a created diary to a specific recipient, type the recipient name or press the Organization chart to select on the prompted screen.
You can specify the class of the business diary so that you can easily check up them by setting he corresponding level.
You can check the work status on the corresponding business diary.
Complete after approval is granted".
If it happens other affairs during the diary creation, or you should add more contents later on, you can store it in the Draft box and later on call it up to complete.
The diary once retrieved from the Draft box cannot be saved in the Draft box anymore.
Add : You can add attachment related to the associated business diary.
Appropriate attachment can be uploaded from your own PC or added from Webstorage.
You can look contents by pressing the subject of the diary that you want to view.
List : All the lists in the Business diary.
Modify/Delete : You can modify or delete the diary.
Status : You can select the progress status to the diary that you selected.
Distribute : You can deliver the diary to a specific recipient via Internal mail.
Export : You can check out the corresponding diary by saving as the eml file using the Export feature to view it via Outlook or Outlook express.
Comment : You can add a simple comment.
Personal board/Bulletin board : You can save the contents into Personal/Bulletin board.
| 2019-04-24T14:22:35 |
http://en.enage.com/prod/prod03.asp?menu=9
|
0.999851 |
State or federal government bring criminal actions against parties that are accused of violating the law and civil actions are non-criminal acts brought against those accused of violating private rights. Examples of criminal law include murder, kidnapping, embezzlement or theft. Civil law examples include breach of contract, compensation-related cases and fraud.
In criminal law, it is not the victim's responsibility to bring a case and is punished by the police or state. Civil law is where the victim of a crime can ask for restitution and fines when the defendant has not carried out a legal duty. The easiest way to differentiate the two types of law is by looking at the party that is allowed to bring any proceedings against the other party. Only federal or state governments can bring criminal proceedings against a party and are doing so on behalf of the public.
The state or federal government, as well as companies or citizens can start civil proceedings. When the state or federal government do this, it is in order to benefit the citizens of the state or country and when a private party starts a civil case, it is doing so for its own benefits. The criminal law's aim is to prevent people from intentionally harming one another and to punish those guilty of violating the law. Civil law's aim is not to punish the defendant, but to compensate a wronged party. This can be by demanding that the defendant complete or cease a particular action, or by monetary compensation.
| 2019-04-24T22:17:05 |
https://www.reference.com/government-politics/difference-between-criminal-law-civil-law-aadd2d7803d4a727
|
0.999003 |
Farmers from El Salvador make many US biotech farming practices look like the work of a bunch of crazed lunatics. At least in El Salvador they realize the importance of non-GM food and heritage seed saving. After outperforming Monsanto’s biotech seed with record crop yields, they have also now managed a giant defeat of Monsanto by preventing the company from supplying El Salvador with its poison seeds.
The El Salvador farmer resistance is great news considering the monopoly that Monsanto and other biotech companies have managed to hold over much of the rest of the world. Monsanto will deny having sway over the government, including federal judges in the US – but they actually do. Though they don’t have control everywhere. El Salvador farmers are working with the Minister of Agriculture there to lessen local farmers’ dependency on biotech seeds.
The Ministry of Agriculture just released a new round of contracts to provide seed to subsistence farmers across the country.
Monsanto attempts to do business in other markets with other company names, or brands, but the transnational hold is the same. And make no mistake, it is run by Monsanto and the other Big Six.
For example, companies like Pioneer generate commercials for various media outlets in El Salvador marketing their agrochemical products, and exerting great influence over the local farmers of the country.
Cayetan, who is a recipient of corn seed from the government program that uses local, GMO-free seeds and also works to grow native corn, said that the difference between using local seed versus Monsanto’s is quite amazing.
This and other farmers also comment on the fact that local seed has been adapted to the conditions specific to the region, and Monsanto’s seed has not. The local seed grows well even in dry soil. Farmers can also save and re-use seed without having to worry about patent infringement, as well as having to repurchase seed every season since much of the GM seed Monsanto, Pioneer, and others sell is meant to self-destruct after just one season, otherwise known as suicide seed.
As in many areas of the world, one of Monsanto’s sinister goals is to force farmers to purchase the company’s seeds every year, at highly inflated prices. These seeds also rely on toxic industrial fertilizers and their best-selling herbicide, Round Up.
Cayetan explains that most farmers in El Salvador cannot afford Monsanto seeds – but that is by design.
| 2019-04-24T22:32:20 |
https://wearechange.org/big-win-el-salvador-farmers-kick-monsanto-out/
|
0.999993 |
Michael Swan writes English language teaching and reference materials. His many publications include Practical English Usage (OUP), Grammar (OUP), and (with Catherine Walter) the Cambridge English Course series and the recently-published Oxford English Grammar Course. He also writes poetry, especially when he should be concentrating on something else. E-mail: [email protected].
Where did these poems come from, and how did they get written?
What is poetry, exactly, and what does it mean for me?
Copies are available through the author's website: www.mikeswan.co.uk.
Writing poetry is a relatively harmless pursuit, but some people clearly find it an odd enterprise for a language specialist. During the coffee break at a recent conference, a sensitive-looking young woman fixed me with an inquisitorial stare and asked 'How can you write poetry if you are a grammarian?' For her, it was clear, grammarians are dusty pedants who spend their lives hunched over their microscopes peering at dried-up specimens of language. Whereas the poet's eye, 'in a fine frenzy rolling', as Shakespeare put it, 'doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven'. One kind of person uses language to express profound and beautifully-formed insights about truth, love, life and death; the other gets excited about relative pronouns. How can the two coexist in a single individual?
I was a little irritated by the question, though I tried not to show it. As politely as I could, I suggested that it betrayed a misunderstanding of both language and poetry, along with a failure to realise that there is no contradiction between studying something theoretically and exploiting it for practical purposes. Specialists in human anatomy know a lot about how bodies work, but their professional knowledge doesn't disqualify them from making use of their bodies to play football or dance. Similarly, language specialists have as much right as anyone else to use language creatively – and there are many people in ELT who do.
Sometimes I get asked a question that runs in the opposite direction. It goes roughly like this: 'I wish I knew all about language, like you. It would really help me to choose the exact words for the delicate shades of feeling I want to express. I could also be more confident that my writing doesn't have any bad grammar in it. Can I possibly trouble you to check over my poems and tell me if the punctuation is OK?' This attitude, too, seems to me misguided. Theoretical knowledge about language may be no obstacle to poetic creativity, but it doesn't really feed into it either, any more than the anatomy specialist's detailed understanding of bodies makes him or her a better footballer or dancer. As far as I am concerned, at least, the two kinds of expertise simply come off different batteries.
For some of us, however, things simply don't start out on that kind of conscious level. What generally happens in my case is that a poem will turn up out of the blue, announce its presence by a line or two or a fragmentary image, and (so to speak) ask to be written. Often, I don't know where a poem is going until it's got there, and I may have to go back and read what's on the paper in order to find out just what it's about. Even this may not tell me the reason for the poem. A year ago I found myself writing a sequence about Kokopelli, the flute-playing joker god of the Native Americans of the South-Western United States. Why, I have no idea, though as I got to know Kokopelli better through the nineteen poems of the sequence, I have to say I found him a charming fellow, if (like all gods) somewhat confused.
Confusion is in fact one of my recurrent themes (and perhaps this does relate to my grammarian's day job of struggling to get things clear). Many of the poems in The Shapes of Things have to do with the difficulties we have in making sense of the baffling world we live in, and the trouble we often have in understanding each other.
it was not her comb.
in the car, on your pillow.
I was sure it was your comb.
A certain number of the poems in the collection are humorous in one way or another. Laughter is one of the ways in which we handle, mentally and emotionally, the things that concern or disturb us. Although I am emphatically not a 'comic poet', I do often find humour useful as a way of making a serious or semi-serious point. And sometimes it's nice just to be silly.
which is different from ours.
or just ‘Guess what’s in my head’.
All poetry is necessarily personal, in that it reflects the way its author sees the world. This doesn't mean, however, that writing poems is synonymous with pouring out emotion; and poetry that simply does that can be truly dreadful. Very little of my own work, in fact, involves the direct expression of feelings. I tend to come at things obliquely, often through stories. The Shapes of Things has poems about a shipwrecked sailor who loves his island and can't make it clear that he doesn't want to be rescued ('That's not what I meant'); an ancient explorer pitying the modern traveller who can fly to China in a day but misses everything on the way ('Marco Polo'); a teenage daughter who exchanges secrets with a tiger ('Tiger dreams'); and what really happened to Romeo and Juliet ('Happy ending'). Even when I do write a poem in the first person, the 'I' is not exactly me. The story of the comb, above, is not about a real event in my life. But it does symbolise personal experience – it's about loss – and it thus provides a fictional channel through which, I hope, my knowledge of loss can engage with yours.
Like most poets today, I write a good deal of so-called 'free verse'. (Actually, free verse isn't really free at all, if it's any good. Getting words, ideas and images into satisfying arrangements is an extremely difficult business, whether or not one is also using formal devices such as rhyme or metre.) I also find it a useful discipline to work with strict forms from time to time, as do many writers of free verse. Composing the occasional sonnet, for example, helps to exercise the poetic muscles, and proves that one can do the hard stuff if one wants to.
The trouble is, it goes too fast to catch.
So many things begin. So many end.
People are kind, then not. You save, you spend.
Hares run and dance; you haven't time to watch.
Somewhere a woman sits and cries in church.
A big boy steals his little brother's toys.
Creation sings its song – you hate the noise.
Catkins are sudden on the silver birch.
Sometimes you really think you understand.
the moon on snow is everything there is.
I wouldn't like to try to define what poetry is. I do believe that most art – perhaps all – involves a kind of double shaping: the writer, painter or other artist perceives relationships, connections and patterns – shapes – in the world, and produces shaped accounts of what he or her has perceived. (The title poem of The Shapes of Things is about an imaginary painter, someone like a present-day Rembrandt, who does exactly this.) Beyond that, I don't have strong views about what poetry should or should not be; in my opinion should is not a very helpful word in discussions about the arts. If I have a personal credo, it is that I want to say something that will affect the reader, I want to do so by arranging words, ideas and images into a satisfying shape, and I value clarity and economy. (Here at least the grammarian, the materials writer and the poet come close together.) Furthermore, I want to achieve all this while using quite ordinary language, but without straying across the fuzzy boundary that separates poetry from prose. A good deal of contemporary poetry seems to me to be difficult, boring or empty (sometimes all of these); I hope none of the poems in The Shapes of Things merit any of those three adjectives. Most of them are, I think, pretty accessible and straightforward, but the reader needs to look carefully at what is there: first impressions can be deceptive. The comment that I have most valued came from a French friend who complimented me on the 'cunning simplicity' of my poems.
That's all very well (I hear you cry), but would these poems be useful for language teachers and learners? Yes and no. I don't in fact think that literary texts are especially suitable for formal language teaching – the reverse is often the case. My poems were not written as teaching material, and I should be very sorry to see any of them weighed down with comprehension questions or vocabulary and grammar exercises. On the other hand, the ideas addressed in a poem can sometimes provide a good starting point for class discussion. And suitably chosen poems, like any other texts, can constitute valuable extensive reading material, provided of course the learner likes them (if not, that learner should be reading something else). Many language students do like poetry, and they can get a real feeling of achievement from being able to appreciate and enjoy poems in the language they are studying. I would certainly be very happy to learn that students were reading The Shapes of Things for pleasure.
I hope this review has helped to illuminate what lies behind one particular grammarian's involvement with poetry. But it hasn't addressed the crucial question for any reviewer – is the book any good? Well, I think it's terrific ('This brilliant collection …'), but that doesn't mean much; most parents are convinced their children are beautiful. If you're still reading and sufficiently interested, get hold of a copy and let me know what you think.
The Literature course can be viewed here.
| 2019-04-19T20:30:31 |
http://essaydocs.org/the-shapes-of-things-by-michael-swan-reviewed-by-the-author-mi.html
|
0.998511 |
This event might just be a foodie's perfect night out.
A group of around 30 people will have the chance to visit four Calgary restaurants, meet new people, talk to restaurant owners and experience different cuisines, all in one evening.
Dishcrawl events have been said to resemble the well-known "pub crawl." The difference is that food substitutes the alcohol, you'll be going to restaurants instead of bars and walking between locations as opposed to riding a party bus.
Dishcrawl has become a popular event around the United States over the past couple of years and has spread across five different provinces in Canada.
Jessica James — Calgary ambassador and commission-paid volunteer for Dishcrawl — will host the first event on Feb. 28. Event-goers will visit four restaurants in the Kensington community of Calgary.
James, also owner of a consulting company, had initially heard about Dishcrawl in the news. She thought she and her husband would enjoy attending an event like it and after doing some research she realized that Calgary had no such thing.
She felt so strongly about the matter that she contacted Dishcrawl through their website.
Once she got in touch with Dishcrawl's CEO, Tracy Lee, and others involved, James said, "I think you guys should put one on here, we have a ton of great restaurants and the community is really great, you'd have great success here."
Teresa Lin, ambassador for Edmonton's Dishcrawl, also got her first glimpse of the phenomenon in the news when it was hitting Toronto.
She remembers looking back and saying, "They're only in Eastern Canada, what's going on? With all the great foods we have on the west coast, whether it be B.C. or Calgary even, it seems silly not to have something like that out here."
The first Dishcrawl in Edmonton took place at the end of January in the Old Strathcona area and was sold out by the event date.
"You go in loving food and [you] try new things and new places, so we had a really great time that first night," says Lin.
James chose the Kensington community because of its high density of restaurants and the short walking distance between each location.
"I pick the restaurants based on personal experience, research, reviewing feedback and reading articles online as well as listening to stuff on the radio, if something peaks my interest, I'll go forward and contact them," says James.
Patrons who have purchased a ticket won't find out about the exact locations until the event. The first location will be disclosed two days prior via email.
James says that the surprise element is what keeps this event exciting.
The group will visit each of four restaurants for around 45 minutes and try two to three dishes. Patrons will also get to have a meet and greet with the owners or chefs to find out more about the restaurant and its cuisine.
According to Lin, the walking in between locations is good because "after the first few places you'll be like 'OK, I'm glad we had this walk.'"
Lin also advises to bring your camera and walking shoes.
Melanie Der attended Edmonton's first Dishcrawl with her boyfriend.
"We had the opportunity to try out restaurants that I might normally miss while on a search for a new place to eat at. The group meets the restaurant owner during Edmonton’s Dishcrawl.
"For newbies, I would tell them that if they're looking to try out potentially new restaurants, taste a variety of foods, meet new people who are also interested in food, or any combination these, Dishcrawl is definitely the way to go."
She found that meeting the restaurant owners and chefs was a unique experience since normally, you wouldn't necessarily have the chance to do so.
James believes Calgary's inaugural Dishcrawl will be just as much of a hit as Edmonton's and hopefully will continue to grow and become more frequent.
"We want to keep it going, keep it exciting and keep it different," says James.
Tickets cost $45, which includes all food and tips; beverages not included in the featured dishes will be an extra cost.
For more information and to purchase tickets visit Dishcrawl Calgary's website. You can also follow them on Twitter @dishcrawlCAL.
| 2019-04-21T11:00:44 |
https://www.calgaryjournal.ca/index.php/calgarytech/an-evening-out/586-a-foodies-dream-four-restaurants-in-one-night
|
0.999999 |
In attempting to write an introduction to this document, I find myself at a loss. How do I explain this? Perhaps the summary is best left at: "I wanted a cool robot dog." Through my hard work, I feel I have discovered something very important - actual dogs were the best all along.
Every revision has used an MMP5, a robot platform from themachinelab.com. Now much of it is inside that chassis, based around a NanoPC-T4. The Kinect (V1) is glued on top, and an SMA antenna jack is mounted behind it where the antenna pokes up like a tail.
The earlier hardware was based around a case-mod. Directly on top of the robot platform was a desktop case containing much of the electronics. It had a power supply meant for a car dashboard PC and a separate power supply for the robot platform, both running off a large 24 volt LiFePo4 battery. The motherboard was a low-power mini-ITX Intel Atom board. There were two USB peripherals, a first generation Microsoft Kinect and an Arduino handling mostly motor control.
One thing I plan to study at length is human/robot interaction. The first hardware revision was based around a netbook, a robot I called alice, and people's first impression was very favorable. I felt I needed the extra computational power of a desktop I had at the time compared to what alice used, my then-failing netbook. I have since realized the computational power of the netbook would have been fine for my purposes, as the actual AI software runs over the LAN on my desktop, aside from the netbook being in bad shape. Now I am on the third revision, cuter than the case-mod, but still not quite as cute at the initial "alice" revision.
There is other hardware involved, in fact four computers total. The bulk of the work is done by my desktop, a unix-type system. At the time of this writing, the computer that's actually on the robot is running Alpine Linux. The setup uses a lot of 9P protocol components which are distributed among the four computers.
This is the best part. Deep learning algorithms are based on neuroscience. The simplest example, perhaps, is three-layer linear back-propagation, as shown below. You can extend this with more layers, different types of nodes and interconnections, loopbacks, different types of inputs and outputs, etc. The inputs can be pictures, text, audio, whatever... the outputs are typically threshholded "bits" which can be high or low, more like analog than digital. If you desire these algorithms to do something, they have to be "trained" which is simply showing it examples of different inputs and adjusting everything by looking at the error on the outputs from what you wanted. From there, mathematically it's as simple as the math of an idealized ball rolling down a hill, but in the N dimensional "data space" of all the input nodes in fact as "dimensions" in the "space" of all possible inputs.
I had to modify libfann, which is already starting to show its outdatedness. I added leaky rectifying linear units, at this point a relatively new type of activation function found to work well for artificial neural networks, or ANNs. I thought about going through the process of adding GPU support, but I have not even begun to at this point. I'm finding it works pretty well without parallelization at all on my i5 desktop. If I run everything on the robot itself it's pretty slow, but this is possible if I wanted to take it away from network connectivity. I had bad luck with libfann's openmp support. The training algorithms are somehow different than a simple fann_train(). The network I started with has 64,000 units arranged in five layers. There are 60,000 input units, three hidden layers of 1,000 units each, and a 1,000 unit output layer.
This is my third attempt at a libfann-based driver AI for the hEather robot. All three are online at https://github.com/echoline/fanny. For this attempt I thought a lot about design before getting started. This is a recurrent ANN, meaning I put some output back in as input. I thought about the nature of a mind in the creation of this ANN. One thing the mind constantly does is predict not only the immediate future, but the present moment itself. Thus, 36,000 inputs are the last ten inputs from the camera. I do not use the camera input directly but instead "convolve" with greater detail towards the center, and predict and measure the error from the current frame instead of using it as input. There are six output "bins". 600 output neurons are devoted to minimizing the error of the present moment based on the last ten frames of input. The AI minimizes on the output bin it most closely matches. This error I call "surprise," as it is the error of the robot's prediction of the current moment. As the surprise drops, another variable, which I called "fidget" rises. This roughly describes the robot's perception of the environment.
100 output units are dedicated as "motor neurons." In my design plan, these train on actually the standard deviation and average across all 100 units. In practice, I made a mistake in the math for this; I have no idea why it works so well, and only with libfann. The motor outputs are arranged as well into 5 bins, 20 units apiece. The robot has 5 behaviors, tilt up, tilt down, left, right, and forward. If any output bin is greater than all the others combined, the robot performs the given action.
Also worth mentioning are a couple other things I tried in this program. Some output neurons during training are "held" at the value they just outputted. So while everything else minimizes on some other kind of error, these output neurons minimize to their last value, holding somewhat constant at whatever error from 0 they have accumulated. I feed in a few other variables, including one hidden layer in its entirety, the input from the kinect's accelerometer, and all of the last 10 outputs.
This is the part that gathers the input, from a Kinect. It's a 9P fileserver which wraps libfreenect into a filesystem API, for Linux or anything that supports the Plan 9 protocol. Source is available here. This is a pretty standard approach to 9P/Plan9. At some point, to a scripter, it just becomes obvious this is how you use "Plan 9," because it cannot really do anything yet. At the same time, it is only the most quality systems research platform out there, at least among those still in any sort of use I've heard of. It ends up having a place as the most beautiful "systems glue" I've ever encountered.
After compilation, which requires libjpeg, libixp, and libfreenect, kinectfs takes a single argument, an address in the form tcp!ip!port or unix!/path to listen on. After it's running, you can mount it with anything that can mount 9P. I like to use ixpc, included with libixp, or 9mount.
One can mount 9P fileservers from Linux as well. On opening any of the .pnm or .jpg files, the software uses the Kinect to take a picture, and reading the opened file gets the image data of the snapshot. Reading and writing from the files tilt and led get and set status information for the tilt servo and LED on the Kinect. Writing valid integers to color.pnm and depth.pnm set the image formats for the color camera and depth camera respectively.
I make use of the openssl program as well for encrypted sockets between the computers. On Plan 9 I use the scriptable equivalents of the openssl binary. This part really doesn't work well on Linux, as Alpine has trouble booting up openssl in a script in the background. I'm afraid Linux hasn't been scripter-friendly for a long time now.
All in all, it works surprisingly well. It's exciting and a bit frightening to think, at this point in history there are probably computers powerful enough to simulate a human in real-time. Both the technology and understanding of neuroscience are making rapid process. I think within a few short years, some major philosophical questions will be answered. With these machines that learn from input, I feel we must consider impact before benefit. Robots so far have been the perfect workers, but if they don't want to be "slaves" we will have to take this into consideration at some point. One can also easily imagine robotic gestapo! In the end, no one will know if robots are really thinking with strong AI until there is one with enough computational power and good enough programming that we can just discuss these philosophical issues with it. A human being on average has about 86,000,000,000 brain cells. From the looks of it, a short while after we will be able to simulate that many, we will be able to simulate a thousand times as many. To me, this clearly shows we have a responsibility to teach the right things to such an advanced algorithm. I worry though, as meanwhile the public continues to doubt it is possible at all, laymen continue having the misconception that computers can't write poetry, and programmers continue leaving poetry out of their input data.
| 2019-04-25T22:10:47 |
http://echoline.org/robot_document/
|
0.999999 |
Virginia State University is a historically black university and land-grant university located in Petersburg, Virginia in the Richmond area, and was founded on March 6, 1882 (1882-03-06). It was the United States's first fully state-supported four-year institution of higher learning for black Americans. Its first president was John Mercer Langston, who later became the first African-American elected to Congress from Virginia. The board of trustees was almost entirely African-American, except for one member. The faculty of the collegiate program and the normal school was African-American until the mid-1960s. The name used by the school's athletic teams is the "Mighty Trojans." The third season of the reality television series College Hill was filmed at Virginia State University in 2006. The university is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall Scholarship Fund.
Virginia State University, America's first fully state supported four-year institution of higher learning for Blacks, is a comprehensive university and one of two land-grant institutions in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Its mission is to promote and sustain academic programs that integrate instruction, research, and extension/public service in a design most responsive to the needs and endeavors of individuals and groups within its scope of influence. Ultimately, the University is dedicated to the promotion of knowledgeable, perceptive, and humane citizens--secure in their self-awareness, equipped for personal fulfillment, sensitive to the needs and aspirations of others, and committed to assuming productive roles in a challenging and ever-changing global society.
Question and Answer about "Virginia State University"
| 2019-04-22T17:04:10 |
http://texas.careers.org/education/colleges/234155?city=petersburg&name=virginia-state-university&state_or_country_name=virginia
|
0.997622 |
The Vassals of Kingsgrave convene for another video game roundtable. This time around Vassals Thomas (FTWard), Bing (shoeshiner), Matt (blu3arm0r), and Zach (Alias) gather to talk about some of their favorite video games in the year of 2018. They also share some of the biggest games they are anticipating in 2019.
Join Bing, Noah and Leigh as they discuss the changes to the teams in the English Premier League transfer window and review the opening games of the new season, in the first of our all-new shiny monthly Soccercast! It’s the VOK series that no-one was clamouring for but everybody needs in their life.
Join Bina, Bing and Leigh as they round out VOK’s World Cup 2018 coverage with a review of the semi-finals and final. TL:DR – it ain’t coming home #sadface. We end at 1hr in with a debate on which was the best goal, player and keeper of the tournament as well as the biggest disappointment. At 1hr 10m we look to Qatar 2022.
Music credit – official Fifa World Cup 2018 theme song, “One Life” by Will Smith, Nicky Jam and Era Istrefi.
The Vassals return once more to the pixelated roundtable to offer wise council and exchange valuable cheat codes. Join Duncan (Valkyrist), Zach (Alias), Katie (Lady Griffin), Bing (Shoeshiner), Paul (SerDinnerRoll), and Kevin (Gaiden) as they chat video games and gush over some of their favourite titles of all time.
| 2019-04-21T11:03:25 |
https://vokpodcast.com/tag/shoeshiner/
|
0.999219 |
She also drew from her own repository of knowledge, having worked as a business leader for 20 years in Fortune 500 and entrepreneurial businesses.
Alice Bumgarner (AB): What is the most exciting innovation Edison developed? What factors made it so exciting?
Sarah Miller Caldicott: Everyone expects me to say the incandescent light bulb. But to me, one of the most exciting innovations was the storage battery.
Of course, Edison invented the incandescent electric light in 1879, which led to building an infrastructure so people could use electricity in their homes and businesses. But this same man also invented what you'd use instead of the grid, which would be a battery. This was new; it was a disruptive concept.
There were batteries in his day that powered lights that lit up the streets at night. But they were large, and they leaked acids that could burn your skin or put holes in your clothes. Edison said, this is just not good.
It took him five years of experiments – over 50,000 experiments – to come up with a nickel and iron battery the size of a thermos that you could carry around. Compare that to the two years it took to develop and begin commercializing the light bulb. It was a very challenging manufacturing process, let alone engineering process.
People said, "It's impossible." Five years later, though, the Model Ts were powered with Edison batteries.
AB: What is the most difficult problem Edison and his team had to solve?
Sarah Miller Caldicott: Figuring out how to create incandescence for the light bulb. "Incandescence" means burning at a high level but not being consumed, like fake logs in a fireplace. So you have to find a system that can resist high heat and give light at the same time. Wow, that's a tough problem.
In creating the filament, Edison and his teams went through over 150 different compounds to find the right combination of ingredients to create a long-burning filament. Once again, people thought it was impossible to create incandescence. No one had thought about a filament before.
AB: When teams are working on a problem or developing a product, and they hit a barrier, what did Edison recommend?
Sarah Miller Caldicott: If Edison was trying and trying and not coming up with new insight, he would stop working and go to a different project. His teams would do the same thing. Or he might take a walk or read. By doing that, he refreshed his thought patterns and could come back to the problem later having created new neural pathways.
AB: What were some of the obstacles that prevent teams from creating innovative products, in Edison's opinion?
Sarah Miller Caldicott: Lack of perspectives. Edison believed the best way to create was to have diverse perspectives that could be brought to bear on problems. It wasn't like he only hired chemists who sat behind a chemistry bench. He had multi-disciplinary teams for everything. The incandescent light bulb benefited from this, because it's actually five inventions in one.
AB: What, if any, problem solving or creativity tools did Edison use?
Sarah Miller Caldicott: What intrigued me when I started studying Edison was, what techniques is he using to come up all these robust ideas? He's manufacturing stuff and marketing stuff, but he still keeps asking questions. How does he keep figuring out the questions to ask? How does he know what to look at next, to see into the future and see what's possible?
The answer is, he used whole-brain thinking techniques. It wasn't even a concept back then. But he did realize there were different parts of the thinking process – there was a data-oriented part and another part that was about the big picture, patterns, concepts and linkages. So he used tactics to bring those two ways of thinking together.
For example, he worked with analogies. He'd compare disparate things that were like each other, to make connections. He might think, "OK, I'm learning about electricity, and I don't know much about that. But I know a lot about telegraphy. So how is electricity like telegraphy?"
AB: What innovation methodologies, theories, and training did Edison give his team?
Sarah Miller Caldicott: Edison formally trained his employees, especially his lab employees, in how to experiment and document outcomes, because that was at the heart of everything. Even in manufacturing, they were experimenting on the line. He was not the plant manager who said, you have eight hours to fulfill a certain number of orders. Working in flow and being able to look at problems creatively was very important to him, and he made all his people do that.
AB: Did Edison's innovations come from inside the company, or did he ever pull from outside sources or consultants?
Sarah Miller Caldicott: Only in a handful of occasions in his long career did he bring in an outside party, because he wanted to maintain confidentiality. And remember, he's the guy who invented R&D. He felt that there weren't that many scientists in world who operated at the level he did. So typically, you'd be looking for his input, not the other way around!
But if he were alive today, he'd probably be doing this in certain instances – crowdsourcing and things like IdeaConnection.com. He'd recognize the power of the web.
Sarah Miller Caldicott: I've heard of it, but I haven't used it.
AB: What sorts of things did Edison read to stay current with innovative ideas?
Sarah Miller Caldicott: Edison liked to read widely, because he felt it allowed him to see more patterns. He read Greek philosophers, the classics – loved Shakespeare – and science fiction, particularly Jules Verne. Edison felt scientific publications were important to read, so he'd have these things mailed to him.
He had a 10,000-volume library at his West Orange facility. It was one of the top five libraries in the world. And he encouraged his employees to read. He was a believer in the power of knowledge through books.
Sarah Miller Caldicott: In Edison's organizations everyone was responsible for innovation, even manufacturing employee, because they were called to solve problems on the line, even if it was their first day. Today, we don't think of everyone in an organization as innovators. We tend to think R&D or engineering will handle it. So we shunt off the innovative thinking.
This is counter to what we need to be doing. In these times, where innovation is the creator of competitive advantage, everyone needs to be able to think like an innovator.
| 2019-04-25T16:59:16 |
https://www.ideaconnection.com/interviews/00108-How-One-of-America-s-Top-Innovators-Did-It.html
|
0.999844 |
3. solve simple physical problems involving quadratic equations.
What are quadratic equations and how do we solve them?
So the equation has two roots , and depending on the value of the discriminant , , the equation may have real , complex or repeated roots.
If , the roots are complex .
If , the roots are real .
If , the roots are real and repeated.
A ball is thrown down at 50 mph from the top of a building. The building is 420 feet tall. Derive the equation that would let you find the time the ball takes to reach the ground.
Since t > 0 the valid value of time is .
| 2019-04-23T02:17:17 |
http://softmath.com/tutorials-3/algebra-formulas/solution-of-quadratic.html
|
0.998784 |
1967 - Photographs show a patron using a direct line telephone, a parcel post depository and a clerk servicing a Self Service Postal Unit.
Businesswoman talking on a mobile phone at a commercial dock. Shot on RED Epic.
A telephone operator demonstrates how to quickly make a long-distance toll call in 1950.
People's Army of Vietnam troops fire artillery, peace talks continue, and battling soldiers plant a flag on a hilltop, during the Vietnam War, in 1964.?
A dad reads his son�s term paper and various meetings with people talking and using their vocabularies are shown, in 1948.
A job application is filled out and blueprints are shown as well as telephoning, telephone linemen, flooding, snow and switchboard operators at work.
A woman talks on the telephone and a truck is driven and a worker climbs a ladder and a train is shown on the grounds of a chemical plant in Midland, Michigan.
A dad telephones in search of his drug addicted teen daughter who deals heroin and then gets arrested and suffers withdrawals in a jail cell.
A businessman calls the freight service bureau to check on the progress of a train shipment.
A daughter talks on the phone and complains about a disorganized family home.
A husband reads a newspaper in his living room and his wife gives relatives directions by phone.
A businessman makes a telephone call and women gossip in a park and a husband speaks to his wife while seated together on a couch in their home.
A public speaker gives a poor speech showing fear and inhibition and, later, he telephones, in a relaxed way, from his office.
A switchboard operator connects businessman in a telephone call and a train, freighter ship and airplane provide transportation, in 1948.
A cartoon shows a lion shouting into a telephone and, later, a bear misses a call from a squirrel, in a circus, in 1965.
The nephew of an artist calls his friend and learns about a telephone book and an address book, from his uncle, in 1965.
A cartoon shows an elephant talking on the phone with his mouth full and later, a hog makes a fox wait to use a telephone, in a circus, in 1965.
| 2019-04-23T02:26:56 |
https://www.videoblocks.com/videos/telephoning
|
0.998831 |
Most websites get their traffic from search engine results such as Google, Bing and others. With millions of websites vying for viewer attention on the internet, how can you make yours stand out from the crowd? Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and Pay-Per-Click (PPC) can be strategies to use.
The internet search engines have programs called "crawlers" or "bots" that continually run 24 x 7 searching the internet for website content. They look for new websites, web pages and text within web pages. As those programs find information about websites and content, they send that information back to their home system to be cataloged and indexed.
To find websites via a search engine, you enter a search term in the search box. The search engines use their algorithms to provide you with a ranked list from their index of what web pages and documents you should be most interested in based on the search term you entered.
Since I have blogged on SEO previously (e.g. The Worst Website, SEO Best Practices for Website Domains and Search Engine Optimization: On-Page vs. Off-Page), I won't go into the mechanics of it in this post. Instead, let's compare SEO to Pay-Per-Click for getting your website noticed.
Boosting visibility to your website, and ultimately your number of visitors, is a combination of several factors that can have long-term benefits. You need to optimize your website so it can be found easily by search engines (hence, Search Engine Optimization) so the search engines can tell people that your website is relevant to their search.
Optimizing your website by embedding relevant keywords in your content is an easy way to make it more visible to the search engines. In order to get the result you hope for, select the keywords that your audience is likely to use. Don't select the keywords based only on how you see your business or what you want to convey. If your audience is primarily industry people (e.g. vendors, industry-savvy clients, peers), you should use industry terms. If your audience is not primarily industry people (e.g. retail or non-industry customers), then use terms that lay people will use.
While updating your content can be quick, it may take 4 to 6 months for you to start seeing the search engine visibility results from your content changes. That's because it can take that long for the "crawlers" or "bots" to revisit your website, find the new content, and understand the relevancy of the new content to everything else it has stored in their index. If you then look to make additional changes based on your observed results, it may take another 4 to 6 months to see the effect of those content changes. That cycle tends to be typical with content changes.
While it can take 4 months or more for search engines to find your website based on keyword entry, the benefit of SEO is that the results are very durable. Once you have honed your SEO implementation and the search engines understand the relevancy of your website's content to search terms, the search engines will remember your website when similarly searched (assuming they don't change their algorithm, which does happen occasionally). Therefore, SEO is a viable and important mid-to-long term strategy for getting your website audience visibility.
Essentially, Pay-Per-Click is advertising. The 2 most popular forms of PPC are Google Ads and social media advertising. In a Google Ad campaign, you create an ad (typically that's free) and have Google list the ad for your website at or near the top the regular search listings. When someone clicks on your ad, you pay an agreed upon cost for the click from your budget. Google gives you guidance as to how much a click will cost for a specific search keyword or term. Once your entire budget has been depleted, Google stops running your ad until you replenish your budget fund. You set the budget amount, timeline and geographic location.
When you have an ad with no set time limit, your ad will yield 1,000 clicks to your website no matter how long that takes - 1 day, 1,000 days or more.
When you set the budget amount to a term, such as $20 per day. That means that once 20 people clicked on your site for a single day (at any time of the day), the ad will stop displaying until the next day. The next day, the budget will reset and you may receive up to 20 clicks again. Assuming you get 20 clicks each day, your ad will last for 50 days.
Your budget can also identify a geographic region for display. If your business is local, your region may be 1 or more zip codes, one or more counties or one or more states. Google will display the ad on a person's search engine results when they are physically located in the region you set. The person's region is typically determined by the IP address of the network where the person is using Google. By limiting the region, you extend the term of your budget since people outside of your region will not see or click on the ad.
Google Ads are not affected by SEO, crawlers or bots, or the search engine algorithms. Once activated, the ad displays your website in the search result at the very moment a person enters a search term that matches your ad. Hence, the impact of PPC is immediate. On the other hand, when you discontinue the ad, or you exceed your budget, the ad immediately stops displaying your website. Either way, it does not affect the search engine index or SEO growth you are working to build.
Pay-Per-Click is available on Bing as well as Facebook, Instagram and other social media platforms. While we won't go into the details of those products in this post, suffice it to say that the basic intent and functionality are similar across platforms.
SEO results can be slow to achieve. You need time to develop the content to achieve strong organic visibility. And, you need patience while the search engines relate the indexed content to search terms.
There is no faster way to get your website in front of customers at the moment they are ready to buy than via PPC search engine advertising.
Improve your organic traffic. While organic search is not quick or easy to attain, it's very long lasting and durable once attained.
PPC appears at or near the top of the search result content. Typically a user will always see the paid search ads ahead of the organic ads.
Once your website attains a good ranking, your competitors need to work that much harder to display ahead of you.
Your ad displays for as long as your budget and campaigns are active. Once a campaign exceeds your budget or terms, your ad no longer displays.
Your website visibility is not bound by any specific geography or key word constraints. The search engine algorithms will display your website based on the relevance of the website content to the search terms entered.
When you need an assured, laser-focused advertisement., PPC allows you to target your geographic region and specific search terms to achieve your results.
SEO is essentially free. While you can hire a consultant to help you implement and monitor SEO, once implemented the organic nature of the growth occurs without any cost.
PPC campaigns can be expensive. It's important that you set your goals and budget as specifically as possible. Then, monitor your cost and performance. If not, you may find that your advertising cost is more that you would like.
So which is better? That's not a vaild question to ask. Both are strategies that are available to the website owner, and they are meant to be used for different reasons or to compliment each other. Use both wisely and effectively, but to acheilve different goals and results. One approach might be to use PPC for about 3-4 months until SEO begins to take hold. Or, use PPC to get immediate attention to specific or short-term campaigns, while using SEO to build a solid organic hold in the search engines.
| 2019-04-22T00:20:56 |
https://www.techtopics4u.com/2019/02/get-your-website-noticed.html
|
0.999934 |
I am a Painter. What do I need in my Employment Contracts?
If you are looking to create a painting business, or looking to build upon your already existing painting business, you should consider what to include in your employment contracts. The great aspect of being a painter is that every job is different, and every job presents its own unique challenges. This means that your employees must be able to work efficiently and effectively in a wide range of circumstances and situations, and be prepared for any eventuality. The most effective way to ensure that this occurs is by creating distinct, well-rounded contracts that reflect your personal vision for your painting business.
How will employment contracts help my painting business?
Employment contracts define the role of every employee within your business, which means that they form the foundation upon which the structure of your business is built. Without clear and precise employment contracts, there is a good chance that your business will grind to an unceremonious halt. This is because an employment contract allows an employee to understand exactly where they stand within the business. As a result, your employees will be well aware of the roles and responsibilities expected of them, and be better able to identify areas in which they can improve within your painting business.
Without well-worded and in-depth employment contracts, your employees will be unable to grasp where they belong within your business structure. As a business owner it is sometimes a good idea to take a step back, and view your business from the perspective of a new employee. Therefore, as a new employee entering your business, where is the first place you would turn in order to understand what is required of you. The answer is, your employment contract. As a new employee, your employment contract become both your bible and your instruction manual. Consequently, as a business owner, you should put a significant amount of time and effort in ensuring that your employment contracts are up to this standard.
Will my employment contracts protect me from liability?
Employment contracts are the front line of defence, when protecting your painting business from financial and legal liability. As a result, your employment contracts should contain all information concerning safety aspects of the job, as well as guidelines as to how employees should behave when working with one another.
Unfortunately, accidents do happen, and when they do you want to ensure that your business will not suffer as a result. Many employers fail to include safety regulations in their employment contracts, instead, relying on on-site education. While important, it is very difficult to prove the adequacy of on-site safety education in a court of law. Therefore, you should include these in your employment contracts, so that your painting business in protected at all times.
In addition, in cases involving harassment in the workplace, you need to ensure that you are not fostering a negative environment in which harassment can occur. The most effective way to do this is, again, to include provisions within your employment contracts that clearly state what is expected of an employee in terms of social behaviour within a workplace. Finally, you can include provisions within your employment contracts that state what action will be taken if your employees behave in a manner that is inappropriate, which will alleviate the pressure on you, the owner, as there will be clear sanctions to follow.
Can I draft an employment contract myself?
Without prior legal experience it can prove to be very difficult to draft an employment contract yourself. However, this does not mean that you have to rely on a lawyer for every single aspect of your contracts. LegalVision has created an example of how a legal professional can assist you with creating your employment contracts, and work with you to tailor your contracts to your business. The example can be found here.
If you are looking to create a painting business, or build upon your already existing painting business, you should consider what to include in your employment contracts. Employment contracts form the foundation of your business, by reinforcing your business model so that your employees know where they stand at all times. In addition, they protect your business from legal and financial liability, in the event of an accident or something that is beyond your control, while providing you with a mechanism for discipline that is fair and reasonable. Drafting your own employment contracts con be difficult however, and it is advisable that at some point during the process you seek legal advice. If you would like someone to assist you with this process, call LegalVision for a fixed-fee quote.
| 2019-04-23T20:44:22 |
https://legalvision.com.au/i-am-a-painter-what-do-i-need-in-my-employment-contracts/
|
0.998696 |
1. In small bowl, whisk together 2 tablespoons milk and flour. In small saucepan, heat remaining milk over medium-high heat 3 minutes or just until simmering. Slowly pour in milk-flour mixture while whisking constantly. Cook 2 minutes, whisking constantly. Reduce heat to low and gradually whisk in cheese until completely melted. Remove from heat and stir in ⅛ teaspoon salt, mustard, and white pepper; keep warm.
2. Heat oil in large skillet over medium-high heat. Add spinach and cook 2 minutes or until wilted, stirring frequently. Stir in ⅛ teaspoon salt; keep warm.
3. To large skillet with 2 inch high sides, add water to fill halfway, remaining ¼ teaspoon salt, and vinegar, and bring to a boil. Carefully crack eggs, 1 at a time, into small cup. Slowly slide eggs into water while immersing cup slightly in water. Cover tightly with lid and remove from heat. Let stand 3 to 4 minutes, or until egg white is cooked through and yolk is slightly soft.
4. Place 1 muffin half on 4 individual serving plates and top each with 2 tomato slices and ¼ of the spinach. With slotted spoon, remove eggs from skillet and place 1 egg over spinach on each muffin half. Top eggs with sauce and serve with additional tomato slices garnished with parsley.
| 2019-04-25T05:47:28 |
http://bi-ritesupermarkets.com/recipes/recipe-detail?recipe=3ae4cef1-ce9b-4786-862b-67f97bed558d
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0.999963 |
In an interview with Thomas Friedman of The New York Times ("Obama Makes His Case on Iran Nuclear Deal," July 14, 2015), President Obama asked that the nuclear deal with Iran be judged only by how successfully it prevents Iran from attaining a nuclear bomb, not on "whether it is changing the regime inside of Iran" or "whether we are solving every problem that can be traced back to Iran." However, in many interviews he has given over the last few years, he has revealed a strategy and a plan that far exceed the Iran deal: a strategy which aims to create an equilibrium between Sunnis and Shiites in the Muslim world.
President Obama believes that such an equilibrium will result in a more peaceful Middle East in which tensions between regional powers are reduced to mere competition. As he told David Remnick in an interview with The New Yorker, "if we were able to get Iran to operate in a responsible fashionyou could see an equilibrium developing between Sunni, or predominantly Sunni, Gulf states and Iran in which there's competition, perhaps suspicion, but not an active or proxy warfare" ("Going the Distance," January 27, 2014).
In discussing the Iran deal, the President recalled President Nixon negotiating with China and President Reagan negotiating with the Soviet Union in order to explain the scope of his strategy for the Middle East and the Muslim world. President Obama seeks, as did Presidents Reagan and Nixon with China and the Soviet Union, to impact the region as a whole. The Iran deal, even if major, is just one of several vehicles that would help achieve this goal.
This article will analyze the strategy of creating an equilibrium between Sunnis and Shiites as a means to promote peace in the Middle East. It will examine the meaning of the strategy in political terms, how realistic it is, and what its future implications might be on the region and on the United States.
Examining the strategy of equilibrium requires the recollection of some basic information. Within Islam's approximately 1.6 billion believers, the absolute majority - about 90% - is Sunni, while Shiites constitute only about 10%. Even in the Middle East, Sunnis are a large majority.
What does the word "equilibrium" mean in political terms? In view of the above stated data, the word "equilibrium" in actual political terms means empowering the minority and thereby weakening the majority in order to progress toward the stated goal. However, the overwhelming discrepancy in numbers makes it impossible to reach an equilibrium between the two camps. Therefore, it would be unrealistic to believe that the majority would accept a policy that empowers its adversary and weakens its own historically superior status.
Considering the above, the implications of the equilibrium strategy for the region might not be enhancing peace as the President well intends; rather, it might intensify strife and violence in the region. The empowered minority might be persuaded to increase its expansionist activity, as can be already seen: Iran has extended its influence from Lebanon to Yemen. Iranian analyst Mohammad Sadeq al-Hosseini stated in an interview on September 24, 2014, "We in the axis of resistance are the new sultans of the Mediterranean and the Gulf. We in Tehran, Damascus, [Hizbullah's] southern suburb of Beirut, Baghdad, and Sanaa will shape the map of the region. We are the new sultans of the Red Sea as well" (MEMRITV Clip No. 4530). Similarly, in a statement dedicated to the historically indivisible connection between Iraq and Iran, advisor to President Rouhani Ali Younesi stressed that, "Since its inception, Iran has [always] had a global [dimension]; it was born an empire" (MEMRI Report No. 5991).
In view of this reality, this strategy might create, against the President's expectations, more bitterness and willingness on the part of the majority to fight for their status. This has already been realized; for example, when Saudi Arabia intervened in Yemen after facing the Houthi/Shiite revolution, which it perceived as a grave danger to its survival, and created a fighting coalition within a month to counter it. Similarly, Saudi Arabia has previously demonstrated that it regards Bahrain as an area where any Iranian attempt to stir up unrest will be answered by Saudi military intervention. According to reports, Saudi Arabia has been supporting the Sunni population in Iraq, and in Lebanon, a standstill has resulted because Saudi Arabia has shown that it will not give up - even in a place where Iranian proxy Hizbollah is the main power. Hence, the strategy of equilibrium has a greater chance of resulting in the eruption of regional war than in promoting regional peace.
Moreover, this strategy might have adverse implications for the United States and its interests in the Sunni Muslim world: those countries that feel betrayed by the strategy might, as a result, take action against the United States - hopefully only politically (such as changing international alliances) or economically. These countries might be careful about their public pronouncements and might even voice rhetorical support to U.S. policy, as the GCC states did on August 3, but the resentment is there.
The analysis presented here is based on principles of realpolitik: in politics, one does not align with the minority against the majority. However, sometimes other considerations take precedence. Morality is such an example: the Allies could not refrain from fighting Nazi Germany because it was a majority power - ultimately, they recognized the moral obligation to combat the Third Reich. However, with regard to the Middle East, the two adversaries are on equal standing: the Islamic Republic of Iran is no different than the Wahhabi Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. President Obama and Secretary Kerry would be wrong to think that Mohammad Javad Zarif, the sophisticated partygoer in New York City, represents the real Iran. Zarif, his negotiating team, and President Rouhani himself, all live under the shadow and at the mercy of the Supreme Leader, the ayatollahs, and the IRGC.
"It is worth noting that the first Islamic State created in the Middle East in the last 50 years was not the one created in the Sunni world in 2014 and headed by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi." Rather, it was the Islamic Republic of Iran created in 1979 by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and currently ruled by his successor, Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, who maintains - even following the Iran deal - the mantra "Death to America," continues to sponsor terrorism worldwide, and commits horrific human rights violations.
*Yigal Carmon is President and Founder of MEMRI; Alberto M. Fernandez is Vice President of MEMRI.
| 2019-04-25T09:54:23 |
https://www.memri.org/reports/obamas-strategy-equilibrium
|
0.991237 |
The Master of Journalism (M.J.) degree at Berkeley requires completion of at least 36 semester units of coursework and a satisfactory Master’s project. A minimum of 24 of those units must be earned from coursework in the Graduate School of Journalism. All students are expected to graduate in four consecutive semesters. In the course list below, the reference to semesters indicate the terms when the courses should be taken.
1. One advanced reporting course is required for each semester after the first semester.
2. Two units from the J297 Reporting Internship can count toward the 36-unit requirement. That means 34 of 36 units required for the M.J. degree must be from coursework.
3. Submission of an approved Master’s project with all valid signatures is required by the announced deadline.
4. Twelve units per semester are the minimum required for all U.C. Berkeley graduate students. Maximum units per semester are 14.5. The student's adviser, head graduate adviser or the Dean can approve unit loads beyond 14.5.
5. All courses must be taken at Berkeley; credits from other institutions are not transferable.
6. Students may take up to four units of J601 Master’s Study each semester without approval. Approval is required for more than four units of J601 Master’s Study in a single semester. J601 Master’s Study units do not count toward the 36-unit degree requirement.
7. All required Graduate Division paperwork must be submitted by the announced deadline.
8. All required classes must be taken for letter grades except for the J297 Reporting Internship. Only one-third of total UC Master’s degree credits can be S grades.
9. Up to 12 of the required 36 units for the M.J. degree can be from other departments at U.C. Berkeley. Graduate-level courses (numbered 200-299) and upper-division undergraduate courses (numbered 100-199) are acceptable.
10. Concurrent-degree students may have additional or modified requirements and should confirm what those requirements are with a School student affairs officer.
Do I need a degree in a specific major to be considered for admission?
The J‑School admits applicants with a wide variety of Bachelor's degrees, from Anthropology to Zoology. An applicant with a technical or science background can approach reporting from a unique perspective. Your performance as an undergraduate is important, just as your commitment to reporting is important.
Are there any prerequisite courses that I need to have taken?
No specific prerequisite coursework is required beyond the successful completion of your bachelor's degree.
What counts as journalism experience?
The admissions committee looks for your dedication to becoming the best reporter you can be. Applicants who demonstrate solid reporting skills and a strong work ethic are favored. The most impressive applicants report stories that have not been previously reported, provide significant value to the community, lack personal bias, show meticulous research, sharp interviewing skills, integrity, and good judgment. Many do this while having an unrelated day job. Research and expertise in technologies and specific topics (eg biochemistry, data visualization) are also impressive to the admissions committee.
If I don't have any journalism experience, do I have a chance of being admitted?
If you have not done any reporting, then it is more difficult to be a successful applicant. However, the admissions committee looks closely at other qualifications and achievements that indicate you are a strong candidate. Also, those who produce journalistic work during the months before the deadline are impressive, and sometimes unpublished journalistic work can be as strong as published work. Finally, if you need more samples of work, one of the best ways to learn and improve your reporting techniques is to ask a journalist to mentor you. A good mentor will allow you to pitch him/her story ideas, show you storytelling techniques, and help you with the editing and connections you need to get your work published.
What GPA is required in order to be considered for admission?
UC Berkeley requires that all US Citizens who apply to graduate programs have an Advanced GPA of at least 3.0. An Advanced GPA is all grades received after your first two years of college-level course work. This grade calculator from the Graduate School of Education can help you calculate your Advanced GPA. Your Advanced GPA is required to submit the application, however we do not require a GPA calculation worksheet. If your grade is not based on a 4-point scale, as is the case for most international students, please enter your undergraduate cumulative GPA, as determined by your institution.
Occasionally an exception can be made if professional experience outweighs the significance of an applicant's performance in college. There is a text box on the application that you can use to provide an explanation about your grades. You can use this to explain why your grades do not reflect of your merit for a Master of Journalism.
Applicants should have a BA or BS from an accredited institution. Applicants must submit transcripts for ALL college-level course work. Transcripts can be unofficial but must show degree conferred (if any), the institution’s name, and the applicant’s full name. Transcripts must be loaded into the online application as PDFs and must be legible. Hard copies will be required if admission is offered.
I took the GRE, should I submit my scores even though they are no longer required?
The GRE is important if you are applying for the FLAS fellowship or if you are applying for a concurrent program that requires it. Otherwise, you do not need to take or report a GRE score.
What are acceptable work samples?
Your three work samples as a whole should highlight your ability as a reporter and storyteller. Please keep in mind that the Admissions Committee is looking for evidence that you have basic reporting skills, which include story identification, thorough background research, fact checking, cultivating appropriate sources and quoting them directly, and storytelling abilities.
Work samples can be unpublished and they can be in any format: print, video, or audio pieces, multimedia pieces, online projects like data-driven stories, in-depth interactive graphics or interactive documentaries, or other abstract new media forms, such as VR, apps, or similar projects.
Work samples can be uploaded as PDFs, image or audio files, or submitted as URLs. If submitting a URL, be sure to include any additional information needed to access the materials online (e.g. if password-protected). It is the applicant’s responsibility to ensure a working link and full accessibility to materials during the review period of the application. Be sure it’s clear that you are either the sole author/producer of each work sample, or specify exactly what your role was in creating the piece using the provided text box on the application.
International applicants can send work samples in another language, so long as an English translation, by the applicant, is provided.
Does the Journalism School accept transfer credit from other institutions?
Does the Journalism School offer summer classes?
Undergraduates may enroll in the Summer Minor Program. However, we do not offer graduate-level courses during the summer.
Can I apply to be a part-time student? Does the Journalism School offer any correspondence/online courses?
The program is a two-year, full-time Master of Journalism program. We only admit students each fall semester. For workshops and short courses, please visit Berkeley AMI which offers workshops and custom training programs for mid-career journalists.
How will the program work for me if I am interested in Documentary?
All applicants will be evaluated equally by the admissions committee. You must be a student in our journalism program before being considered for advanced documentary coursework. Enrolled students can begin taking Introductory TV Production courses in their first semester. At the end of the second semester, the students who show the most dedication and merit have the opportunity to enroll in advanced documentary classes.
Will it help me to submit more than 3 letters of recommendation?
No. Please ask your three best recommenders to submit letters on your behalf. The admissions committee will not review more than three letters per applicant.
When do the letters of recommendation need to be submitted?
Your recommenders will be able to submit their letters after the December 1st deadline. However, please urge your recommenders to submit their letters as close to the deadline as possible so that we have them by the time your application is reviewed.
What if my recommender doesn't have a corporate email address?
If your recommender does not have a work or corporate email address, using a personal email address (Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo) will be fine.
Why are there two sections in the application for me to submit work samples?
You only need to submit your work samples one time. The Journalism Program section allows you to submit work samples as PDFs or URLs. The Audio/Visual Uploads section allows you to submit audio and video files. The type of file or link you choose to submit is up to you, we have no preference.
Do I fill out my employment history as well as submit a resume?
Yes. Please fill out the Employment section as well as upload a resume on the Supporting Materials section. No other materials are required for the Supporting Materials section besides the resume.
Will I automatically be considered for funding?
Yes, all applicants are automatically considered for need-based and merit-based funding. All applicants will receive their admissions notice in February. If you are admitted into the school, you will also receive an email around the same time with information on your financial aid package. We also encourage all applicants to apply for outside funding at the same time they apply to graduate school.
What is the time commitment and can I work while going to school?
This is an intensive full-time professional graduate program. It is basically impossible to work full time while in the program. It is hard to work at all during your first semester. After the first semester, the course schedule becomes a bit more flexible and it is possible to work part time. Some of our students freelance, some work on campus as Graduate Student Instructors, and some find other types of part-time employment. The Berkeley Advanced Media Institute and the summer journalism minor will sometimes hire our students to help with their courses. The J-School offers about 15 merit fellowships to second-year students, which you can apply for towards the end of your first year. These are some of the ways our students earn money while attending school, but none of these is guaranteed and you must apply for all of them.
| 2019-04-21T10:27:57 |
https://journalism.berkeley.edu/curriculum/degree-archive/
|
0.998622 |
Finding a security analyst with the data discovery experience to combat modern threats is like searching for the mythical unicorn. The person does not exist.
Recent high profile, high-impact data breaches across industries, including financial, healthcare, and retail, prove that today’s cybercriminals are adept at finding and fully exploiting even the smallest security gaps. Detection of their malicious activity often comes much too late – and at great cost for companies and their customers.
MapReduce/Spark/Storm/Hive/Pig expertise: The security analyst must be able to code a number of big data technologies designed to optimize analysis of petabytes of data.
Translate security incidents into business impact: Security analysts need a centralized view of IT, user, business application data and security event data. Multi-structured data must coexist in a single repository, and be transformed and correlated so that the outcome of security investigations is about business impact.
The unicorn is a mythical creature, but a security analyst with deep security domain expertise is certainly not. When you support a skilled security analyst with security analytics on big data, your organization will be able to gain a complete picture of network and data security risks, and more quickly detect and mitigate advanced cyber-attacks.
| 2019-04-22T00:53:48 |
https://newsletter.biia.com/big-data-and-the-securities-skill-shortage
|
0.999894 |
What is the difference between to and tego?
Grammar. In different places in sentence after different verbs or prepositions, "to" takes different cases. Tego is genitive, to is nominative=accusative.
Lubię needs accusative- Lubię to Nie lubię needs genitive - nie lubię tego.
Accusative changes to genitive when the verb is negated.
What are the other cases of on/ona/to?
If you said "Lubię tego", it implies "tego" is masculine animate (since "lubię" requires accusative, "tego" looks like genitive, and only in masculine animate genitive=accusative). It would then mean "Out of these guys, I like this one", or "Out of these grammatically-masculine animals, I like this one"
Can you say 'to lubię'?
Is it correct: podoba się mi to?
Yes it is. Frankly, it's even better in most contexts that are not 'liking sth on facebook'.
Shouldnt it be "Lubię go/je/ją"?
When we say "I like it", "it" refers to the 3rd person singular pronom, right?
If we use "to" (Acc) / "tego" (Gen), then we are using the demonstrative pronom ten-to-ta, no?
Yes, those seem correct, added. The problem is the lack of context here and not knowing what 'it' is.
"to" in this sentence is rather the dummy pronoun that refers to... to the situation, maybe? Frankly, apart from the fact that "Lubię to!" is the most famous button on Facebook, I don't know where else it could be used.
Would lubię cie be correct if it were masculine?
Lubię cię means „I like you”. I like him would be „Lubię go”.
| 2019-04-25T22:44:19 |
https://forum.duolingo.com/comment/13349531/I-like-it
|
0.999731 |
Q: What kinds of questions should I be expected to answer when I am applying for an insurance policy? Why do insurers need so much information?
A: When you apply for an insurance policy, you will be asked a number of questions. For example, the agent might ask you your name, age, gender, address, etc. In addition, you will be asked a number of other questions which will be used to determine how likely you are to make a claim.
When an insurance company is deciding whether or not to offer automobile insurance to a potential customer, it will want to know about the person’s previous driving record, whether they have any recent accidents or tickets, and what type of car is to be insured.
A: By using an agent to purchase insurance, the policyholder receives more personal service. An agent with whom there is direct contact can be vital when purchasing a product and absolutely necessary when filing a claim. A local, independent agent is able to deliver quality insurance with competitive pricing and local personalized service.
A: The personal umbrella liability policy is designed to increase your liability protection. This single policy acts as an “umbrella” over all of your other personal liability policies — home, auto, boat, RV, etc. — so you have a higher personal liability limit than what would otherwise be available. In certain circumstances, an umbrella policy may provide personal liability coverage that is otherwise excluded from your other policies. For example, an umbrella policy provides coverage anywhere in the world, whereas your auto policy usually provides coverage in the US and Canada only.
A: It used to be that the only people who needed personal umbrella liability policies were wealthy individuals who had sizable amounts of personal assets that would be at risk in a lawsuit.
Q: I have an older car whose current market value is very low - do I really need to purchase automobile insurance?
A: Most states have insurance laws that require drivers to have at least some automobile liability insurance. These laws were enacted to ensure that victims of automobile accidents receive compensation when their losses are caused by the actions of another individual who was negligent.
A: Collision is defined as losses you incur when your automobile collides with another car or object. For example, if you hit a car in a parking lot, the damages to your car will be paid under your collision coverage.
Q: What factors can affect the cost of my automobile insurance?
A: A number of factors can affect the cost of your automobile insurance — some of which you can control and some that are beyond your control.
Q: What are some practical things I can do to lower the cost of my homeowners insurance?
A: There are a number of things you can do to lower the cost of your homeowners insurance. The easiest thing to do is get a comprehensive review of your policy and needs from your local agent.
Q: What is the difference between "actual cash value" and "replacement cost"?
A: Covered losses under a homeowners policy can be paid on either an actual cash value basis or on a replacement cost basis. When “actual cash value” is used, the policy owner is entitled to the depreciated value of the damaged property. Under the “replacement cost” coverage, the policy owner is reimbursed an amount necessary to replace the article with one of similar type and quality at current prices.
The dwelling and other structures on the premises are protected on an “all risks” basis up to the policy limits. “All risks” means that unless the policy specifically excludes the manner in which your home is damaged or destroyed, there is coverage. The policy limit for the dwelling is set by the policyowner at the time the insurance is purchased. The policy limit for the other structure is usually equal to 10% of the policy limit for the dwelling.
A: Personal property (except property that is specifically excluded) is covered anywhere in the world. For example, suppose that while traveling, you purchased a dresser and you want to ship it home. Your homeowners policy would provide coverage for the named perils while the dresser is in transit — even though the dresser has never been in your home before.
A: The standard insurance policy does not pay for direct damages caused by “earth movement.” “Earth movement” is a much broader term than an earthquake. It includes earthquake, volcanic activity and other earth movement. This coverage may be available by endorsement for an additional charge. If you live in an area that is more likely to have an earthquake, you’ll pay more than if you live in an area that is unlikely to have an earthquake. We can help you weigh the costs and benefits of this coverage before you decide to purchase.
A: If you live in an apartment or a rented house, renters insurance provides important coverage for both you and your possessions. A standard renters policy protects your personal property in many cases of theft or damage and may pay for temporary living expenses if your rental is damaged. It can also shield you from personal liability. Anyone who leases a house or apartment should consider this type of coverage.
Q: How does a renters policy protect my personal property?
A: A renters policy provides named perils coverage. This means that the policy only pays when your property is damaged or destroyed by any of the ways specifically described in the policy.
A: Owners of apartment complexes buy insurance policies for their liability and to cover their buildings and personal property. However, these policies do not cover any of the tenant’s property or liability. By requiring their tenants to have renters insurance, the apartment owner is assured that the tenants will not mistakenly believe the apartment complex owner’s policy will provide coverage for a tenant’s property or personal liability. Although this type of requirement benefits that apartment complex owner, there are benefits to the renter as well. We recommend that you purchase renters insurance regardless of what your landlord requires.
Q: Q: What if I share my apartment with a roommate? Do we both need to have renters insurance?
A: Standard renter’s policies cover only you and relatives that live with you. If your roommate is not a relative, each of you will need your own renter’s policy to cover your own property and to provide you liability coverage for your own actions.
Calculating the correct amount of life insurance to buy is not as simple as it appears. We recommend contacting us for help determining the right amount of coverage. As independent agents, we are unbiased advisors that will help you avoid buying too much, show you appropriate optional coverages for your need and recommend a company that will best serve your interests.
A: In certain circumstances, it may be advisable to purchase life insurance on children; generally, however, such purchases should not be made in lieu of purchasing appropriate amounts of life insurance on the family breadwinner(s).
A: This is a difficult question — one whose answer will vary depending on your personal circumstances.
The first question should always be resolved first. For example, the amount of life insurance that you need may be so large that the only way you can be afford is through the purchase of term insurance, since term insurance has a lower premium.
A: The face amount of mortgage protection term insurance decreases over time, consistent with the projected annual decreases in the outstanding balance of a mortgage loan. Mortgage protection policies are generally available to cover a range of mortgage repayment periods, e.g., 15, 20, 25 or 30 years. Although the face amount decreases over time, the premium usually remains the same. Further, the premium payment period often is shorter than the maximum period of insurance coverage — for example, a 20-year mortgage protection policy might require that level premiums be paid over the first 17 years.
| 2019-04-21T04:15:15 |
https://hibbsinsurance.com/faq/
|
0.999891 |
Can I use a RigidBody component + a HingeJoint component together with the animation?
First of all, thanks for a great tool, it's awesome.
I have this lantern which I would like to use in my FPS animation. I want the handle to have the "Child of" constraint, and the lantern to swing freely, using the hinge joint component in Unity.
Both parts needs to have RigidBody components and one of them needs to have a HingeJoint component.
Is this possible? Or is there a better way to achieve this?
thanks for your support request and for your nice words.
The rigid body components are disabled while previewing your animation in UMotion but yes, I think this should be possible.
Some things to consider: The child-of constraint is not changing the parent-child hierarchy (when looking at the hierarchy in Unity's Hierarchy window). It only moves the object in such a way, that it looks as if it would be a child of a different parent. As you're lantern will be driven by physics anyway and you thus won't animate it by hand, you could just parent it to your characters hand during runtime using transform.SetParent().
Thank for the advice, that worked nicely!
I put the object under the wrist transform and then added a script with transform.SetParent.
It still needs some tweaking. For instance, the Rigid Bodies can't follow the mouse movement since that script is updated many times per frames while the physics is updated once per frame. Maybe I'll add force once when I start moving a certain direction.
| 2019-04-23T12:53:21 |
https://support.soxware.com/1311/rigidbody-component-hingejoint-component-together-animation
|
0.999968 |
Listen Zac Brown Band songs and lyrics from youtube After an eventful year on the charts and on the road, GRAMMY-Award winning Zac Brown Band has proven that "overnight success" can be years in the making. New fans drawn by the irresistible hit singles, the awe-inspiring musicianship and dynamic live shows might have thought the Zac Brown Band emerged from nowhere. In fact, the band has paid its dues for years and put in its time for just this moment. It may have happened quickly, but it's definitely built to last. Zac Brown Band's second major label studio album 'You Get What You Give' (Atlantic/Southern Ground Artists, Inc.) was released on September 21st, 2010 and debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200 chart. The album features guest appearances by Alan Jackson and Jimmy Buffett and as Zac explained to Associated Press, "It's a defining record...Every step of it's done the right way and I expect people are really going to love this record and see the depth of our musicianship, we're always growing. Not that we've arrived at any grand finale or anything, but the progress from this last record to this one, it's tremendous and I'm proud of it." On the eve of the release from the famed Red Rocks Amphitheatre, Zac Brown Band streamed their live show - dubbed "Best. Concert. Ever." (Cleveland Plain Dealer) - to fans everywhere via ZacBrownBand.com powered by Ustream. Touting nearly a half-million live views, the concert was among the most-viewed on Ustream. The band also recently earned four GRAMMY nominations including "Best Country Album" for 'You Get What You Give' and five CMA Awards nominations including "Entertainer of the Year." Previous honors and accolades include their 2010 GRAMMY win for "Best New Artist," 2010 CMA win for "Best New Artist," 2009 Academy of Country Music Awards win for "Top New Vocal Group" and the 2009 "Breakthrough Video of the Year" from CMT and USA Weekend for "Chicken Fried." No question, the past year has been dizzying for the hardworking act. The band's first major label release, 'The Foundation' was one of Billboard's Top 20 albums of 2009, and was the first major label debut album in 18 years to yield five No. 1s including "Chicken Fried" and "Free." Released on November 18, 2008 on Atlantic Records, 'The Foundation' debuted at #17 on the Billboard Top 200 Chart and #3 on the Top Country Albums Chart. It's now certified double platinum by the RIAA, which Brown says, "solidifies an achievement that has been more than a decade in the making." "There's no way to predict how fast everything is going to come together," adds the down-to-earth Georgian. "Or that it took 13 years to get to the beginning of it." In 2009 and 2010 Zac Brown Band successfully headlined the Breaking Ground Tour. "For us to come into our own, we had to make it happen as a headliner," notes the Dahlonega, Ga.-raised Brown. There's no question that the road-tested band had the chops to pull it off. In addition to bassist John Hopkins, violinist Jimmy De Martini, guitarist/organist Coy Bowles and drummer Chris Fryar, this year the band has added multi-instrumentalist and songwriter Clay Cook, well respected as a musician's musician and an MVP-caliber performer on the Georgia music scene. Cook, perhaps best known for his co-writes with Grammy-winner (and former Lo-Fi Masters bandmate) John Mayer, rounds out the ZBB sound on guitar, vocals, organ, mandolin and pedal steel. "We've got a great following," Brown affirms. And while the band strongly identifies with country music and country radio and, of course, continues to have great success there, it's not an easily pigeonholed crowd; while loyal country fans show up in droves, the band also appeals to lovers of bluegrass, jam bands, reggae and seemingly everyone in between. It's no wonder that another famous genre-hopper, Michigan's Kid Rock, has performed with the band and given them his strong endorsement. Zac Brown Band also shared the bill for several Dave Matthews Band dates on their summer 2010 stadium tour, including NYC's Citi Field and will make their Meadowlands debut as well as several stadium stops across the country in 2011 as part of Kenny Chesney's "Goin' Coastal Tour" starring Kenny Chesney and Zac Brown Band. In fact, the Zac Brown Band's rehearsal space provides strong clues that the unit puts no artificial limits on itself. While one wall sports a whiteboard chock full of upcoming coast-to-coast tour dates, the other is graffitied with hundreds of song titles-sharing space on a wall that also includes a Bob Marley banner and a framed portrait of Willie Nelson and Waylon Jennings. "Everything has to do with the song," Brown observes. "Every song is born and wants to go its own direction. When audiences hear a new song for the first time, if at the end of it they're going crazy and cheering, you know you've pulled it off." Brown launched his Southern Ground Artists, Inc. record label in 2009 and signed Atlanta-based artists Sonia Leigh, Levi Lowrey and Nic Cowan. In addition to the music, Brown has also launched a line of steak rubs and barbecue sauces under the Southern Ground label, and in collaboration with photographer Jeffrey Skillings and writer/bandmate Coy Bowles, released his first cookbook 'Southern Ground' in 2010. As Brown notes, these projects have their roots in Zac's Place, a lakeside restaurant he used to co-own and run. "For me it's about creating something that's really excellent," he says. "People are going to be blown away by how good the products are." As if all this weren't enough, Brown is developing a charitable foundation to run a children's camp, which recently began clearing land for its planned site. Despite all the irons in the fire, Brown nonetheless calls his foundation and camp plans his "life's work." "Having the camp and giving back is important for me," he says. "I'm very blessed to have what I have, and I know a lot of that's on credit for what I do down the road. It's very important for me to keep that in mind. I want to leave something behind that does some good after I'm gone." While Brown focuses on doing good, his audiences will continue to focus on feeling good, as the band builds upon its grassroots following with media exposure and gigs in larger venues, such as the recent high-profile gig at the Bonnaroo festival that Brown calls "electric" in both the performance and the response. (Performances on the late-night television circuit-David Letterman, Conan O'Brien, Craig Ferguson and Jimmy Kimmel and cover features on American Songwriter and Billboard have only accelerated the momentum.) And while audiences party, they'll be doing well to keep up with the musicians onstage. "We laugh all the time," Brown notes. "You're either sleeping or up laughing and having a good time. Or we're playing music. It's better than I could have dreamed of."
| 2019-04-26T16:29:39 |
https://youtubeer.com/Zac+Brown+Band
|
0.994392 |
Read the Dodd Frank text.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), and with other laws, has expanded previous regulations concerning the licensing, training, screening, and compensation practices of loan originators, mortgage brokers, bank officers, and lenders in general, in consumer loan transactions.
On January 10, 2014, the Loan Originator Rule came into effect to implement the new Dodd-Frank requirements. This Rule was expanded to include certain restrictions on seller-financing in residential real estate transactions where the dwelling is secured by a mortgage, unless the seller is entitled to certain exclusions.
This Article is an attempt to explain these confusing (and conflicting) requirements of the laws—namely, the Dodd-Frank Act. This is a general outline, and because the laws are so new and untested, we will keep you informed as to changes and/or inconsistencies with this Article.
If you do not think this will impact your practice, think twice. For example, if you have a son or daughter who has a good paying job but no credit, who wants to buy a home, and you wanted to lend them money, you cannot lend money to that son or daughter to buy a residential property to use as their home and secure it with a mortgage without first obtaining a mortgage broker license. This is how impactful the new laws are.
What is a loan originator under the Dodd-Frank Act?
In very general terms, if the loan will be secured by a property that the borrower will use for residential purposes, then the person who arranges the loan is defined as a “loan originator,” and must have a mortgage originator license. Seller-financers must be licensed mortgage originators unless they qualify for one of the two exceptions, which will be discussed below.
The Dodd-Frank Act defines mortgage originators as “any person who for direct or indirect compensation or gain or in the expectation of direct or indirect compensation or gain takes a residential mortgage loan application or offers or negotiates terms of a residential mortgage loan.” Please note there are different definitions and rules under various Federal and State laws that apply to mortgage loan originators, and they are very difficult to comprehend and reconcile with each other. The loan originator rules under the Dodd-Frank Act, however, require that said persons be licensed, are subject to certain restrictions on compensation, and must comply with vague guidelines on proving the borrower’s ability to repay.
Under the Dodd-Frank Act, any person who offers and negotiates terms of a residential mortgage loan is deemed to be a “mortgage loan originator” and must be a licensed mortgage broker in compliance with all laws, unless one of the seller-financing exceptions described below apply. There is no exemption for a person who is not a seller who wishes to make a loan secured by a residential mortgage. Lenders must be licensed mortgage brokers, or use the services of a licensed mortgage broker in connection with the loan. This applies only to mortgages that secure loans on residential dwellings containing one to four units, and includes houses, apartments, townhouses, condominium units, cooperative units, mobile homes, trailers and boats used as residences. The rules apply whether the individual is purchasing a primary residence, second home or vacation residence.
As indicated above, the Dodd-Frank Act applies only to residential mortgage loans.
1. Therefore, Dodd-Frank does not apply to loans secured by vacant land, commercial properties, rental properties or properties used for investment purposes. The rules also do not apply to residential properties on which the buyer does not intend to reside.
2. Further, Dodd-Frank does not apply to non-consumer buyers, even if the property being purchased is a residential property. Examples of non-consumer buyers are: corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, etc.
Thus, if Dodd-Frank does not apply as set forth above, you do not have to analyze whether the transaction meets one of the two exceptions discussed below.
Even if the transaction involves property being purchased by a consumer for their residence, the Dodd-Frank Act provides certain exceptions for sellers who wish to sell their property and take back a mortgage. Under these exceptions, the seller-financer will not fall under the definition of a “loan originator” if the seller and the financing terms meet certain criteria.
(h) the seller does not have to vet the borrowers or determine the borrower’s ability to repay.
(f) the financing must have a fixed rate or an adjustable rate that resets after five or more years, and must have caps on rate changes, and also lifetime caps.
(g) the seller must determine, in good faith, that the consumer has a reasonable ability to repay, and while the sellers are not required to formally document how they made their good faith determination that the buyer had the ability to repay, a prudent seller should keep records in case the analysis is ever called into question. This could include current or reasonably expected income or assets, income tax returns, employment, monthly payments, debt obligations, debt to income ratios, credit history, etc.
For both exceptions, adjustable interest rates must have reasonable annual and lifetime limits on rate increases and provide for the rate to be determined by the addition of a margin to an index rate based on a widely available index such as indices for U.S. Treasury securities or LIBOR. CFPB’s Official Interpretations note that an annual rate increase of up to 2 percentage points is reasonable. A lifetime rate cap or ceiling of 6 percentage points, up to any applicable usury limit, subject to a minimum floor, is reasonable. These “safe harbors” are not mandatory, but sellers would be wise to adopt them.
It is important to note that a corporation, partnership, or LLC can never avail itself of the one property exception, and may only use the three property exception. A potential loophole would allow for a corporation to convey the property in question to its individual members/owners, who could in turn provide seller-financing under the terms of the one property exception. However, taking advantage of such a loophole under the new laws is very risky, and not recommended at this point.
Additionally, no matter what, under either exception there can be no mandatory arbitration, and the parties cannot waive any of the Dodd-Frank requirements or restrictions.
3. There is an additional exception for lenders or sellers who finance less than six dwellings in a twelve-month period. Under this exception, these lenders are not considered “creditors,” and are exempt from the ability-to-repay provisions under 12 CFR §1026.43. However, they are still considered “loan originators” for purposes of the licensing and compensation requirements, and must still comply with other relevant provisions under Dodd-Frank. Therefore, seller-financers should rely only on the first two exceptions described above. As mentioned, the laws and definitions are very confusing and unclear.
4. Lastly, there are other exceptions for qualified mortgages, but they are very complicated and allow only for a presumption that the ability-to-repay requirements have been met. As a practical matter, these exceptions do not assist local seller-financers.
A lease option contract where an owner rents out residential property to a tenant and gives the tenant an option to purchase the property after a specified period may also be subject to the new Dodd-Frank Act, if any of the rental payments are used as a credit toward the purchase price or create ownership equity in the property.
There may be some restrictions on a person who purchases a property, fixes it up, flips it quickly, and takes back financing from the buyer, in that the seller may be considered a contractor. Such a seller should still adhere to one of the above exceptions, particularly if the renovations required the seller to obtain building permits. The rules do not apply, however, to a seller who extends financing to an investor-buyer who does not intend to reside on the property.
One way to possibly make closings happen with an individual owner/lender is to have two closings in which the seller-financer first buys the property, so then he or she can immediately sell it to, and finance it for, the borrower, subject to the limitations contained in the exceptions. However, you have to deal with two closing costs and other risks. The contract would have to be assignable as well.
This potential loophole carries a risk, however. There is a general rule of law that one cannot do indirectly what is prohibited directly, especially if one acts repeatedly in the same way, creating a pattern.
So, what if Dodd-Frank applies to a seller-financer or an individual lender, and that seller-financer, the individual lender, or the transaction does not meet the requirements of either the one-property exception or the three-property exception? Do you abandon the deal? No. It will cost the seller and/or the buyer some money, but the seller (or the individual lender, if not the seller) or buyer can contact a licensed, independent loan originator who we all know as a mortgage broker. Dodd-Frank allows a seller-financer or individual lender who does not otherwise comply with Dodd-Frank to still provide mortgage loans if they provide the loans through a mortgage broker, provided further that the mortgage broker complies with all of the various lending laws and regulations, including but not limited to, the Dodd-Frank Act, the SAFE Act, RESPA, the Truth In Lending Act, and Regulation Z. Since the mortgage broker will be lending the seller-financer’s or individual lender’s money, the broker may be considered the agent of the seller-financer or individual lender, in which case, the latter will be potentially liable if the former fails to comply with all of the lending laws and regulations. Therefore, the seller-financer or individual lender should use only a competent and knowledgeable mortgage broker.
What happens if there is a violation of the Dodd-Frank Act and other related laws? The penalties are very harsh if there is a violation of the various federal requirements, including the Dodd-Frank Act, the SAFE Act, RESPA, and the Truth In Lending Act, in that there could be a private right to sue for violations and to be reimbursed attorneys’ fees and costs, penalties of up to $4,000.00 to $5,000.00 per day at a minimum, $25,000.00 for reckless violations, and $1,000,000.00 per day for knowing violations. There could also be actions against the violator such as rescission or reformation of contract, refund of borrower costs, return of interest paid, return of real property, restitution, disgorgement or compensation for unjust enrichment, private damages, other monetary relief, and other relief currently undefined.
You have to be very careful in that the Act targets not just owner/lenders and seller-financers, but it is also a danger to real estate agents who arrange for credit and set up a loan, particularly if the agents receive compensation. In such cases, these agents might also be considered loan originators and have to be licensed under the new laws. This risk changes Realtors’® normal and historic business model, as they often help borrowers locate and find different forms of financing for properties. Providing clients with uncompensated general information about mortgages or lists of reputable lenders, though, does not appear to bring a real estate agent or broker under the definition of a loan originator. However, if an agent’s or broker’s efforts exceed these acts, there could be some liability.
At this point, are you wondering if there is some simple way of deciding whether a seller-financer needs to be licensed as a loan originator? Yes, there is: Attached, please find the Barnes Walker Seller-Financing Guide Under Dodd-Frank.
Do you need a chart that compares side-by side the requirements of the one-property exception and the three-property exception? If so, see the Barnes Walker Dodd-Frank Seller-Financing Exception Comparison Chart attached hereto.
Dodd-Frank, the CFPB’s implementing rules, and the related laws are very new and untested, and therefore, there is a lot of uncertainty as to how they may be applied. In addition, their wording is very broad, complicated, and vague, and, in a lot of areas, inconsistent with other definitions and provisions of various federal regulations. These laws and rules have also yet to be tested in the courts, and governmental agencies have not provided clarity on some of the inconsistencies and vague requirements. Therefore, you want to be very careful and stay within the “black letter” areas of the laws and rules, utilizing their “safe harbors” as much as you can and not pushing the edge of the envelope. There is talk about ways to take advantage of possible loopholes in the laws and the rules, such as using different land trusts and creating multiple LLC’s, but they are untested, and you do not want to be a “test case” against the federal government.
The information contained in the preceding article is summary in nature and is given for educational purposes only. This article should not be considered as legal advice for your situation, if any, nor is it intended as specific or detailed advice, as we do not have any information specific to your situation. Further, the preceding article is not intended to be an all-inclusive discussion of the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, but a guide to the same, and there may be other matters not described in the article which may impact your particular situation. Therefore, always seek legal advice regarding your own, unique situation. Finally, this article is intended as a public service and is not a solicitation seeking legal employment of our firm by you or your clients.
| 2019-04-20T20:38:52 |
http://www.washingtonattorneybroker.com/seller-financing-restrictions-under-the-dodd-frank-act-barnes-wallace/?shared=email&msg=fail
|
0.999645 |
Americans for Prosperity vs. MSNBC: Who 'Schooled' Whom?
On Wednesday MSNBC host Chris Hayes went all in on Jennifer Stefano of the Koch-brother backed Americans for Prosperity. The interview quickly devolved into a shouting match and, by Thursday afternoon, liberals and conservatives were arguing that the other side got schooled.
On Wednesday MSNBC host Chris Hayes went all in on Jennifer Stefano of the Koch brothers-backed Americans for Prosperity. The interview quickly devolved into a shouting match and, by Thursday afternoon, liberals and conservatives were arguing over which side got schooled. We'd like to clear up exactly who got schooled and who did the schooling. Spoiler: The person who stated that families making $94,000 a year qualify for Medicaid did not do any schooling.
Hayes started off his show with a four-minute monologue explaining conservative reactions to the enrollment extension, then introduced Stefano as "one of those people who I really think genuinely wakes up every day and thinks about how to destroy Obamacare." It gets increasingly more aggressive from there. The Independent Journal Review and other conservative sites argued that Hayes got "schooled," and "destroyed," and noted — accurately! — that Hayes interrupted Stefano several times. Others noted that most of what Stefano said was inaccurate, which it was. There were no real winners.
This is not true. Estimates of canceled plans are usually around 5 million. Also, Politifact recently rated this kind of statement false, given that half of the nation's canceled plans were kept due to the "keep your plan fix" and many people were automatically enrolled into similar plans. Hayes didn't challenge Stefano on this.
Verdict: Stefano was wrong, and didn't school anyone.
Stefano referenced a recent survey from the McKinsey consulting firm that found most people who signed up for insurance on the individual market this year had insurance previously. The thing is, the analysts "did not break down their results for people who specifically purchased insurance through Obamacare," according to a McKinsey representative. It's hard to say how many people who previously had insurance enrolled in Obamacare, but health policy expert Robert Laszewski told Politifact it was probably closer to 50 percent.
Verdict: Stefano was likely wrong again.
Verdict: So, so wrong. It's worth noting that Stefano is Americans for Prosperity's Pennsylvania director.
He did interrupt her, but Stefano is bringing up a conservative talking point. Reid called Americans for Prosperity's anti-Obamacare ad featuring Julie Boonstra untrue because, well, it was. Conservatives argued that he was silencing her voice, when in fact he was challenged the validity of her argument. That's more or less what happened on MSNBC last night.
Verdict: Literally no one was schooled during this interview. No one learned anything.
| 2019-04-22T00:10:26 |
https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/03/americans-for-prosperity-vs-msnbc-who-schooled-whom/359751/
|
0.996295 |
Jeff Bezos was named the richest man in modern history this July, with Bloomberg reporting that his fortune hit $150 billion.
Until this week, however, Bezos hadn't engaged in much philanthropy, and he is the only American among the world's five richest people to not join the Giving Pledge.
On Thursday, Bezos announced the launch of a $2 billion fund to support homeless families and education programs in underserved communities.
The announcement comes more than a year after Bezos asked his Twitter followers for input on choosing a short-term philanthropic strategy.
Jeff Bezos was named the richest man in modern history when his fortune hit the $150 billion mark in July. But he had not engaged in much philanthropy - at least publicly - until this week.
Bezos announced two philanthropic goals on Thursday, launching a $2 billion fund to support homeless families and education programs in underserved communities. The Bezos Day One Fund will form a support network for homeless families and build early education program that Bezos called "full-scholarship, Montessori-inspired preschools."
"I'm thinking I want much of my philanthropic activity to be helping people in the here and now - short term - at the intersection of urgent need and lasting impact," Bezos wrote.
He cited the example of Mary's Place in Seattle, which provides shelter and employment training to people who are homeless. Amazon partnered with Mary's Place in 2016, turning an old hotel into a shelter for more than 200 family members. That space was later demolished to make room for two new Amazon office towers, but the company committed to giving Mary's Place a permanent home. Bezos himself has donated $1 million to the nonprofit.
In a June 2017 letter published in Forbes, philanthropy adviser Jake Hayman criticized Bezos for focusing on short-term solutions and deciding to seek suggestions on Twitter.
"The answer is not to provide shelter and employment services to homeless families everywhere but instead to fix the systems that have consistently and repeatedly failed people to the point at which they rely on charity," Hayman wrote.
During the interview, Bezos said he is interested in addressing transient homelessness and helping people without family or a support system.
"You only have to help them for six to nine months," Bezos said. "You get them trained. You get them a job. They are perfectly productive members of society."
Amazon is one of the top employers whose workers receive food stamps. Bezos is also the only American in Bloomberg's ranking of the five richest people in the world to not join the Giving Pledge, which people sign to commit a majority of their fortune to charity.
Other billionaires, such as Tesla CEO Elon Musk and Netflic CEO Reed Hastings, have signed the pledge and taken up philanthropic causes while serving in executive roles.
Still, some notably charitable billionaires didn't get as involved while running their companies. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, for example, did not create the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has more than $40 billion in its endowment, until after stepping down as CEO of his company.
Before Thursday's announcement, Bezos made a significant donation in January, when he and his wife gave $33 million to the nonprofit TheDream.US, which provides support to children who came to the United States as undocumented immigrants. The money is being used to finance college scholarships for 1,000 high school graduates who were granted stay in the US under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program.
In the donation announcement, Bezos said the gift was made in honor of his father, who came to the US from Cuba in the 1960s as one of thousands of unaccompanied children. The co-founder of TheDream.US is Don Graham, who was the publisher of The Washington Post when Bezos bought the newspaper in 2013.
Gates now ranks second in the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, trailing Bezos by roughly $66 billion. When adjusted for inflation, Bezos is still worth more than Gates was at the peak of the dot-com boom. His net worth on the Bloomberg index has risen to $164 billion since July.
| 2019-04-19T18:23:57 |
https://nordic.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-richest-person-modern-history-spends-on-charity-2018-7/
|
0.722959 |
In an earlier post, I considered the logical implications one common view of replications: If you believe that any effect in the same direction as the original result counts as a successful replication, then you must also believe that any two-tailed hypothesis is non-scientific because it cannot be falsified. In this post, I further consider what effect sizes we should expect if the null hypothesis is true, and why that matters for how we interpret the results of a replication attempt.
In the original thought experiment, a study found a significant effect with effect size of d = 0.5, but a larger replication found an effect size of d = 0.1. Some commenters argued that we should treat the second study as a replication because it produced an effect in the same direction. But, as I noted in my earlier post, even if the null hypothesis were true, that would mean replicating 50% of the time (Uri Simonsohn made the same point in a recent talk). Let's flesh that out a bit, because the problem is even worse than that.
Even when the null hypothesis is true, we should not expect to find d = 0. Let's assume for a moment that the null hypothesis is true—you have two populations whose means and standard deviations actually are identical to infinite precision. Next, let's assume that you sample 15 people at random from each population, for a total sample of 30 participants, and you compare the means of those two samples. Remember, there is no difference between the populations, so the null hypothesis is true. (Note, I'm asking about the absolute value of the effect size—how big an effect would you expect to find, ignoring the direction of the effect?) Before reading further, if you had to guess, how big an effect should you expect to find?
Answer: the median effect size in this case is approximately d = 0.25. If the null hypothesis of no difference is actually true, you'll find an effect larger in magnitude than d = 0.25 fifty percent of the time! In fact, you would expect to find an effect size bigger than d = 0.43 more than 25% of the time. In other words, you'll find a lot of spurious medium-size effects.
Now, 15 subjects/group is not an unusual study size in psychology, but it is a little on the small side. What if we had 20/group? The median effect size then would be d = 0.21, and 25% of the time you'd expect to find an effect d > 0.36. Again, with a typical psychology study sample size, you should expect to find some sizable effects even when the null hypothesis is true. What if we had a large sample size, say 100 subjects/group for a total of 200 subjects? When the null hypothesis of no-difference is true, the median effect size would be d = 0.096 and more than 25% of the time the effect size would exceed d= 0.16.
Here is a graph illustrating the median effect size (with 25% and 75% quartiles in red) as a function of sample size when there is no difference between the populations.
In all cases, both groups are drawn from a standard normal distribution with a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1, so the null hypothesis of no difference is true. (The values in the graph could be derived analytically, but I was playing with simulation code, so I just did it that way.) Note that small sample sizes tend to produce bigger and more variable effect size estimates than do large samples.
What does this mean? First, and not surprisingly, you need a big sample to reliably find a small effect. Second, if you have a small sample, you're far more likely to find a spuriously large effect. Typical psychology studies lack the power to detect tiny effects, and even with fairly large samples (by psychology standards), you will find a non-zero effect size when the null hypothesis is true. Even with a large sample, an effect size greater than d = 0.1 should be expected, even when there is no real difference. So, for practical purposes in a typical psychology study, an effect size between -0.1 and +0.1 is indiscriminable from an effect size of zero, and we probably should treat it as if it were zero. At most, we should treat it as only suggestive evidence of an effect, and not as confirmation.
Here is the press release from the Association for Psychological Science about the new Registered Replication Reports at Perspectives on Psychological Science. Note: I've replaced names with G+ profile links and added hyperlinks.
Reproducing the results of research studies is a vital part of the scientific process. Yet for a number of reasons, replication research, as it is commonly known, is rarely published. Now, a leading journal is adopting a novel way to promote and publish well-designed replications of psychological studies.
Perspectives on Psychological Science, published by the Association for Psychological Science, is launching an initiative aimed at encouraging multi-center replication studies. One of the innovative features of this initiative is a new type of article in which replication study designs are peer- reviewed before data collection.
The new approach is designed to give researchers more incentive to pursue replications, which involve repeating a study using the same methods as the original experiment, but with different subjects. Scientists traditionally have garnered far more credit for publishing novel results rather than verifying earlier published findings.
The goal of the new Perspectives initiative is to help make replication a valued part of daily scientific practice.
Perspectives plans to begin publishing collections of replications of original studies conducted independently by multiple labs. Each participating lab will follow a shared, vetted, pre-registered, and publicly available protocol. Each collection of replications will be compiled into a single article (a “registered replication report”), and all researchers contributing replications will be listed as authors. In addition to providing input on the replication protocol, the author of the original article that was the focus of the collected replications will be encouraged to submit a short commentary discussing the final report. +Daniel Simons, Professor of Psychology at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and +Alex Holcombe, Associate Professor of Psychology at University of Sydney, will serve as editors for these replication projects.
Published reports will be available without a subscription to the journal. And reports in the journal will link to more extensive information and data from each replicating lab on the Open Science Framework (OSF), http://openscienceframework.org/, a website that helps scientists store their research materials, collaborate with others, and share findings publicly. OSF is a signature project of the Center for Open Science (http://centerforopenscience.org/), a new non-profit opening this month in Charlottesville, Virginia. Founded by +Brian Nosek, Associate Professor of Psychology at the University of Virginia (UVA) and +Jeffrey Spies, a graduate student in Quantitative Psychology at UVA, COS aims to develop innovative practices and offer grants to scientists and journals to encourage replications of important research.
This unique approach to publishing replications is part of broader efforts in psychological science to improve scientific practices. Psychological science is leading the way with initiatives that may have applications in other disciplines.
Perspectives on Psychological Science is ranked among the top 10 general psychology journals for impact by the Institute for Scientific Information. It publishes an eclectic mix of thought-provoking articles on the latest important advances in psychology. Please contact Scott Sleek at 202-293-9300 or [email protected] for more information.
I'm excited to announce a brand new initiative at the APS journal, Perspectives on Psychological Science. The journal will be publishing a new type of article: the registered replication report. +Alex Holcombe and I will be acting as editors for these reports. Below is the mission statement explaining the goals and approach. And, here is a link to the Perspectives website with more information about the reports, the submission process, etc. Send us your proposals!
The results of the replication attempts are then published together in Perspectives on Psychological Science as a Registered Replication Report. Crucially, the results of the replication attempts are published regardless of the outcome, and the protocol is pre-determined and registered in advance. The conclusion of a Registered Replication Report should avoid categorizing each result as a success or failure to replicate. Instead, it should focus on the cumulative estimate of the effect size. Together with the separate results of each replication attempt, the journal will publish a figure illustrating the measured effects from each study and a meta-analytic effect size estimate. The details of the protocol, including any stimuli or code provided by the original authors or replicating laboratories as well as data from each study, will be available on the Open Science Framework (OSF) website and will be linked from the published report and the APS website for further inspection and analysis by other researchers. Once all the replication attempts have been collected into a final report, the author(s) of the original article will be invited to submit a short, peer-reviewed commentary on the collection of replication attempts.
| 2019-04-19T12:15:42 |
http://blog.dansimons.com/2013/03/
|
0.999986 |
Summary: American Alice Keach has done very well for herself in life. She's rich, gifted, beautiful and is the toast of 1930s London society - until her past catches up with her.
The central character Alice, has had a humble start in life but ... the silence of the Kansas flat ... and the distant murmur of the freight trains is not for her. She dreams of the bright lights of the big cities and although she is naive and unworldly, fancies herself as an actress. Painful and difficult decisions are made as she reaches for her goal. Her talent and resourcefulness see her through; give her a modest roof above her head in this precarious profession.
The men in her personal life are few and far between. They are also dull plodders. Alice finds that she has little time for them. When she finds herself in London, Taylor uses the situation to his advantage by describing the strong contrast of the unforgiving landscape of the American prairies and the bustling streets and tree-lined squares of London. Alice adapts to her newest surroundings. In fact, she flourishes and blooms like a classic English rose. But nibbling away inside is a deep secret. It seems as if it's eating her alive.
Taylor describes the bleakness of Alice's early years extremely well. His style - great chunks of narrative presented in, sometimes, protracted and long-winded sentences, works. Similar say, to Dickens or Trollope in his 'style on the printed page.' I gobbled it all up willingly. I was drawn right into the centre of Alice's life from the start. I was hooked. I was keen to find out what she was going to do next. Taylor is also clever in his sentence construction which is fluid and smooth and which all adds to the charm of the story and of the Edwardian period.
The parallel story concerns a young man called Ralph. He appears quiet, thoughtful, seems to do nothing much at all. He lives with his uncle somewhere in the home counties. There's a lovely section which deals with the uncle's sudden change in fortunes. He's made it. And, a bit like some big lottery winners today, goes out and spends, spends, spends. But in essence, he's still the same rather humble man. There are also some lovely light touches of irony which I thoroughly appreciated and enjoyed.
We're given a bit of a potted history of the times: many mentions of prime ministers, MPs, the tragic sinking of the Titanic, for example. Some of the throwaway remarks around groaning dinner tables, are priceless. It also, I think, displays the rather narrow lives of some sections of the upper middle-classes in London where world events took place - but their lives carried on regardless.
Although the story is set in the 1930s with all its trappings for those who could afford them - servants, maids, country homes when London's dusty summer descended etc, the plot is timeless. In fact, you could argue that you're heard it all before. But that doesn't matter a jot. After a wonderful and lengthy build up of suspense until you're just about bursting, Taylor give us Alice's unique way of dealing with her own dark matters.
The latter part of the novel is almost Agatha Christie-esque. Legal matters ago-go.
This novel is a satisfying, big read in the traditional sense of story-telling. Recommended.
If this book appeals to you then you might also enjoy The Suspicions of Mr Whicher by Kate Summerscale.
You can read more book reviews or buy Ask Alice by D J Taylor at Amazon.com.
| 2019-04-21T14:49:23 |
http://www.thebookbag.co.uk/reviews/index.php?title=Ask_Alice_by_D_J_Taylor
|
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