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Please write an abstract with title: Numerical analysis of compound semiconductor RF devices, and key words: Numerical analysis, Radio frequency, Computational modeling, Circuit simulation, Composite materials, Gallium arsenide, Silicon germanium, Germanium silicon alloys, Doping, Semiconductor device noise. Abstract: An overview of heterostructure RF device simulation for industrial applications based on III-V compound semiconductors has been given in (V. Palankovski et al., GaAs IC Symp. Tech. Dig., p.117-120, 2000). Here, we present the most recent achievements in numerical simulation for industrial heterostructure devices, together with relevant industrial applications (GaAs, InP and SiGe HBTs).
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1,201 |
Please write an abstract with title: A CNN-Regression-Based Contact Erosion Measurement Method for AC Contactors, and key words: Contacts, Contactors, Metals, Current measurement, Convolutional neural networks, Switching circuits, Monitoring. Abstract: This article proposes a method that indirectly measures the contact erosion of alternating current (ac) contactors via mapping electrical signals to the contacting alloy erosion condition which is represented by the accumulated contact mass loss (ACML). Electrical signal waveforms and their corresponding ACMLs of every make-and-break operation are acquired in endurance tests. A supervised convolutional neural network regression (CNNR) architecture containing six 1-D convolution layers is proposed to model the relation between waveforms and ACMLs. We compare different CNNR architectures as well as different training schemes by the test precision to obtain the optimal solution. Experiments prove that the proposed CNNR architecture with an optimized training scheme can achieve a precise ACML measurement when only voltage waveforms of make operations are used. The best results reach mean absolute errors of 3.29% and 1.59% corresponding to two datasets, respectively, which are superior to the results of other regression methods in the comparison and prove the theoretical significance and application values.
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1,202 |
Please write an abstract with title: Projected Augmented Reality to Guide Manual Precision Tasks: An Alternative to Head Mounted Displays, and key words: Surgery, Task analysis, Cameras, Resists, Calibration, Performance evaluation, Manuals. Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) devices are gaining popularity in industrial development and healthcare as they provide information that would not be accessible in a rapid and intuitive way. Head-mounted displays dominate in this field and are currently being comprehensively tested. Alongside its informative function, AR can be used to steer the user's actions to aid complex or high precision tasks. This is the case in surgery, which is recently seeing the development of ad-hoc head-mounted displays to meet the requirements of safety, ergonomics, and reliability. However, head-mounted displays are subject to perceptual problems that can affect their use in delicate and demanding tasks. This article aims to evaluate projected AR as an alternative to head mounted displays (HMDs) when accurate guidance on the surface is needed. We directly compare them in a user study and evaluate both user accuracy and user perception to assess whether projected AR can be a practical and useful paradigm for precision manual tasks. Ten users performed tracing trajectory tasks under the guidance of an HMD and a projected AR device. Three accuracy levels were quantitatively tested: 0.5, 1, and 2 mm. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the accuracy of the two AR visualization modes, whereas the user perception assessment revealed statistical differences in virtual-to-real perception and visual discomfort. The quantitative results of this article proved that both technologies can guide manual precision tasks with the same accuracy, but projected AR features some perceptual advantages.
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1,203 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Machine Learning Approach for Rate Prediction in Multicast File-stream Distribution Networks, and key words: Pipelines, Quality of service, Computer architecture, Machine learning, Multicast communication, Delays, Software reliability. Abstract: Large-volume scientific data is one of the prominent driving forces behind next generation networking. In particular, Software Defined Network (SDN) makes leveraging path-based network multicast services practically feasible. In our prior work, we have developed a cross-layer architecture for supporting reliable file-streams multicasting over SDN-enabled Layer-2 network, and implemented the architecture for a meteorology data distribution application in atmospheric science. However, it is challenging to determine an optimal rate for this application with the varying type, volume, and quality of meteorological data. In this paper, we propose a Quality of Service (QoS)-driven rate management pipeline to determine the optimal rate based on the input traffic characteristics and performance constraints. Specifically, the pipeline employs a feedtype classifier using Multi-Layer Perception (MLP) to recognize the type of meteorological data and a delay prediction regressor using stacked Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to predict per-file delay for the file-streams. Finally, we determine the optimal rate for the given file-streams using the trained regressor. We implement this pipeline to test the real-world file-stream data collected from a trial deployment, and the results show that our regressor outperforms all baselines by selecting the optimal rate in the presence of varying file set sizes.
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1,204 |
Please write an abstract with title: Effect of saturable absorption on the performance of a 40 GHz optical clock recovered from a monolithic semiconductor laser, and key words: Absorption, Clocks, Semiconductor lasers, Extinction ratio, Optical filters, Optical pumping, Repeaters, Optical sensors, Optical variables control, Laser mode locking. Abstract: The effect of a saturable absorber (SA) on the performance of 40 GHz optical clock signal recovered from a monolithic semiconductor laser is investigated, in terms of timing jitter, locking range, and extinction ratio. Experiments show that using a SA improves the extinction ratio but reduces the locking range and increases sensitivity to the data mark ratio.
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1,205 |
Please write an abstract with title: Superconductive convolver with junction ring mixers, and key words: Superconductivity, Convolvers, Circuits, Power generation, Niobium, Matched filters, Chirp, Stripline, Power transmission lines, Superconducting transmission lines. Abstract: A superconductive convolver with tunnel-junction ring mixers has been developed and demonstrated as a programmable matched filter for near 1-GHz-bandwidth chirped waveforms. A low-loss, 14-ns-long superconductive stripline circuit provides temporary storage and relative shifting of signal and reference waveforms. These waveforms are sampled by 25 proximity tap pairs and local multiplication is performed by 25 junction ring mixers. Two short transmission lines coherently sum the local products and deliver the convolution output. The output power level of the convolver has been increased 18 dB by the incorporation of ring mixers and other output circuit improvements. These mixers employ series arrays of niobium/niobium oxide/lead junctions driven by delay-line taps in a quasi-balanced manner. The ring mixer provides higher output power levels (to -58 dBm), improved suppression of undesired mixing products and higher rf impedances than did the single-junction mixers used in the previous device. Convolvers can provide the essential programmable matched-filter component for extremely wide-bandwidth spectral analysis or spread-spectrum communication systems. The current device has a 2-GHz design bandwidth and a time-bandwidth (TB) product of 28. It produced compressed pulses with -7 dB peak-to-side-lobe levels. Design improvements to be discussed include increasing the TB product to 100 and reducing spurious side-lobe levels.
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1,206 |
Please write an abstract with title: Towards flexible Runtime Monitoring Support for ROS-based Applications, and key words: Runtime, Databases, Maintenance engineering, Hardware, Manufacturing, Task analysis, Machinery. Abstract: Robotic systems are becoming common in different domains and for various purposes, such as unmanned aerial vehicles performing search and rescue operations, or robots operating in manufacturing plants. Such systems are characterized by close interactions, or even collaborations, between hardware and machinery on the one hand, and humans on the other. Furthermore, as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in general and robotic applications in particular typically operate in an emergent environment, unanticipated events may occur during their operation, making the need for runtime monitoring support a crucial yet often time-consuming task. Runtime monitoring typically requires establishing support for collecting data, aggregating and transporting the data to a monitoring framework for persistence and further processing, and finally, performing checks of functional and non-functional properties. In this paper, we present our initial efforts towards a flexible monitoring framework for ROS-based systems. We report on challenges for establishing runtime monitoring support and present our preliminary architecture that aims to significantly reduce the setup and maintenance effort when creating monitors and establishing constraint checks.
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1,207 |
Please write an abstract with title: Photovoltaic options for increased satellite power at lower cost, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Solar power generation, Costs, Space technology, Artificial satellites, Lenses, Optical arrays, Planar arrays, International Space Station, Low earth orbit satellites. Abstract: New 8x concentrator solar array technologies have been successfully developed and early versions flown over the past nine years. Variations of this technology range from the first flight version called SCARLET to the latest Stretched Lens Array (SLA) and its growth version SLA SquareRigger. This array technology is lighter in weight and higher in efficiency than existing planar arrays. This advanced technology was compared against four mission classes: the International Space Station, a LEO science satellite, a GEO commercial communications satellite and a LEO-GEO tug that uses electric propulsion. Substantial benefits of the SLA-based technology were shown for all cases.
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1,208 |
Please write an abstract with title: Predicting hypertension onset using logistic regression models with labs and/or easily accessible variables: the role of blood pressure measurements, and key words: Hypertension, Heart rate, Biological system modeling, Predictive models, Particle measurements, Depression, Data models. Abstract: Hypertension is a critical condition that represents a leading risk factor for mortality. The identification of subjects at risk of developing hypertension is important to improve life expectancy and reduce the burden of healthcare systems. Available models to predict hypertension onset in some years in the future mainly include blood pressure (BP) measurements as well as blood test and lifestyle variables. However, systolic and diastolic BP are inevitably strong predictors of the disease and their presence in such models may hide a possible key role of other covariates. The aim of this work is to develop predictive models of hypertension onset both with and without the use of BP measurements to investigate if and how BP variables influence the feature selection process. By involving a large dataset on individuals socio-economic status, demographics, wellbeing, lifestyle, medical history and blood exams, logistic regression models (w/ and w/o BP) have been trained using a stepwise selection procedure to select only highly predictive variables. The model with systolic and diastolic BP selected as important variables HDL cholesterol, hemoglobin, marital status, depression scale and alcohol drinking, achieving an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AU-ROC) of 0.80. The model without BP variables exploits heart rate, waist, age and marital status, and achieves AU-ROC=0.74. As expected, the model employing BP measurements performs better than the one that does not consider them. However, also without BP, it was possible to develop a model with satisfactory performance involving only easily accessible information that do not require laboratory tests.
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1,209 |
Please write an abstract with title: The effect of power islands on delta-I noise, interconnect noise, and timing for wide, on-chip data-buses, and key words: Timing, Crosstalk, Integrated circuit interconnections, Power distribution, Circuit simulation, Rails, Circuit noise, Driver circuits, Noise generators, Impedance. Abstract: A study is shown of the effect of having breaks in the power distribution on large microprocessor chips. The effect on delta-I noise, interconnect noise, and timing is illustrated through simulation results obtained with representative driver and receiver circuits and guidelines are given on how to minimize the impact of the power islands.
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1,210 |
Please write an abstract with title: Hierarchical Attention and Bilinear Fusion for Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification, and key words: Remote sensing, Feature extraction, Visualization, Task analysis, Semantics, Object detection. Abstract: Remote sensing image scene classification is an important means for the understanding of remote sensing images. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied to remote sensing image scene classification and have demonstrated remarkable performance. However, with improvements in image resolution, remote sensing image categories are becoming increasingly diverse, and problems such as high intraclass diversity and high interclass similarity have arisen. The performance of ordinary CNNs at distinguishing increasingly complex remote sensing images is still limited. Therefore, we propose a feature fusion framework based on hierarchical attention and bilinear pooling called HABFNet for the scene classification of remote sensing images. First, the deep CNN ResNet50 is used to extract the deep features from different layers of the image, and these features are fused to boost their robustness and effectiveness. Second, we design an improved channel attention scheme to enhance the features from different layers. Finally, the enhanced features are cross-layer bilinearly pooled and fused, and the fused features are used for classification. Extensive experiments were conducted on three publicly available remote sensing image benchmarks. Comparisons with the state-of-the-art methods demonstrated that the proposed HABFNet achieved competitive classification performance.
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1,211 |
Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Element Number Reduction on Inter-User Interference and Chip Temperatures in Passively-Cooled Integrated Antenna Arrays for 5G, and key words: Base stations, 5G mobile communication, Computational modeling, Layout, Europe, Interference, Market research. Abstract: The impact of reducing the total number of elements in passively-cooled, chip-integrated and space-tapered 5G base station antenna arrays on inter-beam interferences and chip temperatures is investigated for multi-user space-division-multiple-access applications. A convex element position optimization algorithm is used to synthesize the array layouts with minimized side lobes within a pre-defined cell sector. The multi-beam radiation patterns are computed to study the average trend of the maximum side lobe level with the element number. Thermal simulations are also performed by considering the same EIRP for all the arrays. The results indicate that, after an optimal number of elements, adding more elements to an array does not help reduce the inter-user interference further or provide significant advantage on decreasing the chip temperatures.
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1,212 |
Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of Optical Quality of Some Passive Laser Ranged Satellites, and key words: Satellites, Distance measurement, Orbits, Measurement by laser beam, Extraterrestrial measurements, Laser theory, Climate change. Abstract: The LAser RElativity Satellite (LASER) was launched in 2012 by ASI for studying general relativity. A new mission, LARES 2, will be launched in 2019/2020 on a higher orbit and using a different design of the optical payload. LARES is a target for Satellite Laser Ranging; the passive satellite carries 92 cube corner reflectors that allow to measure with high accuracy the position of the centre of mass of the satellite with respect to the ground stations. Aside from the principal scientific goal, the measurement of the relativistic frame-dragging effect, data from LARES (and in future, from LARES 2) are used also in other research related to the study of gravity, to space geodesy, and to Earth science. The accuracy of the laser ranging depends both on the characteristics of the ground station that is tracking the satellite, on the environmental conditions of the atmosphere during the pass of the satellite, and on the design of the target. Each laser ranging station provides the data collected for a particular satellite in a specific format, called Normal Points (NP) that are released daily. By comparing the quantity of NPs produced by a satellite, and the quality of those datasets, with the NPs produced by other satellites having a similar design (passive, spherical targets), it is possible to assess the quality of the optical design of that satellite. For its main scientific mission, the data of LARES are combined with the data of LAGEOS and LAGEOS 2 satellites, orbiting on much higher orbits and considered two benchmarks for laser ranging. The data of geodetic satellites such as LARES, LAGEOS, Stella and Starlette satellite are used by the scientific community for measurements of space geodesy, for the study of the effect of global climate changes on the rotation of the Earth, and for other research related to Earth science. The availability of high-quality targets for laser ranging will improve the accuracy of the results of the research in all the above scientific fields. In this paper the quality of the satellite laser ranging data from LARES is compared with the data of the LAGEOS satellites, with the data of the Stella/Starlette satellites (on lower orbits) and with the data of AJISAI (orbiting at a similar altitude). This information will provide important information for the design of the new LARES 2 satellite.
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1,213 |
Please write an abstract with title: DOPY - A Minimum Motions Drifting Data Buoy, and key words: Probes, Ocean temperature, Winches, Data acquisition, Sea surface, Radio link, Optical fiber cables, Control systems, Radar antennas, Batteries. Abstract: The Drifting Oceanographic Profile Buoy "DOPY" is a small data buoy containing an efficient, remotely controlled data acquisition and logging system. Very low vertical motions due to surface waves are characteristic attributes of this buoy Several probes and temperature chains are suspended from the end of a four-conductor cable under the platform and can be positioned by means of a remotely controlled winch. A wide variety of integration periods and sampling times can be selected individually for each sensor by programming the program register of the acquisition system which can be done via radio link. The goal of the first approach was to obtain timeseries of parameters like temperature, salinity and current within the seasonal thermocline. For these applications the system has been deployed for periods up to 10 days, but longer periods are possible. The handling of DOPY is very easy and it is possible to carry out launching and recovery from small research vessels even in heavy seas.
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1,214 |
Please write an abstract with title: Radiation Fields of a Tapered Film and a Novel Film-to-Fiber Coupler, and key words: Optical films, Substrates, Optical waveguides, Optical coupling, Optical refraction, Optical variables control, Optical propagation, Optical fibers, Laser beams, Optical waveguide theory. Abstract: Light in a tapered thin-film optical waveguide radiates into the substrate because the waveguide mode in the taper becomes cut off. Our measurement of the radiation pattern shows that the light emerges from the taper as a narrow beam with an angular width of only 2/spl deg/-4/spl deg/. We have studied the problem based on ray optics and based on a wave theory of radiation modes. We also have demonstrated a film-to-fiber coupler in which an optical fiber collects all the light emerging from the taper.
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1,215 |
Please write an abstract with title: Leakage Current Mitigation Technique in Solar PV Array System Using Passive Filter, and key words: Passive filters, Leakage currents, Topology, Power harmonic filters, Impedance, Solar energy, Resonant frequency. Abstract: The parasitic capacitances in the transformerless solar photovoltaic (PV) array system develop the closed-loop path and generate the leakage current. As a result, it hampers the system performance with the presence of the leakage current such as electromagnetic interference, lessened the lifespan of PV panel, etc. To solve these issues, the passive filter is designed herein for the solar PV array system to suppress the leakage current. The frequency-domain analysis of the system is performed herein to carry out the optimum filter parameters. In this design approach, there is not any need for additional semiconductor switches, unlike the state-of-art systems. The adaptive controller is adopted herein to extract the fundamental component of the load current in order to provide effective harmonic compensation. Simulation results demonstrate that the presented passive filter effectively suppresses the leakage current within limits based on the DIN and NB/T grid codes. Additionally, several comparative analyses are performed to validate the practical feasibility and effectiveness of the presented system. The real-time hardware-in-loop (HIL) performance is analyzed for manifold operating cases. The total harmonic distortions (THDs) of the grid currents are accomplished within 5% as per the revised IEEE standard 519 and IEC standard 61727.
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1,216 |
Please write an abstract with title: Special issue on analysis and understanding for video adaptation, and key words: Video coding, Feature extraction, Multimedia systems, Object detection, Optimization methods. Abstract: Presents an introduction to a special issue on the analysis and understanding of video adaptation. The papers in the special issue are very briefly described.
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1,217 |
Please write an abstract with title: Research of smart door lock design based on an extended Kano model and user journey map, and key words: Analytical models, Data analysis, Pain, Redundancy, User experience, Product development, Data models. Abstract: Nowadays, the function requirement mining and differentiation requirement analysis of smart door lock is lack of deep research in new product development, leading to the convergence of function design of smart door lock products. The same functional design must not meet the needs of different segmentation groups, and the redundancy of functions greatly impacts the user experience. Therefore, this paper presents the Kano-UJM method, which combines the research method of user journey map with the Kano model. This method starts from the user’s behavior, obtains the functional requirements from user experience scenarios, classifies the functional requirements through qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods, and prioritizes user satisfaction. Then, this paper takes urban young people living alone as the target user group to mine the functional requirements pain points of smart door locks design. Finally, the design practice of intelligent door lock shows that the proposed Kano-UJM method can guide the differentiated design based on the priority of user satisfaction and the category of functional requirements. In addition, this method could be instructive and incentive to the differentiated design of other smart products.
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1,218 |
Please write an abstract with title: Solar Cell Parameters Extraction using Multi-Target Regression Methods, and key words: Mathematical model, Regression tree analysis, Machine learning algorithms, Integrated circuit modeling, Vegetation, Task analysis, Support vector machines. Abstract: With the increase in solar energy applications around the world, there is a demand for fast-paced production and distribution of photovoltaic (PV) modules. Real-world applications entail the need for quick and accurate performance evaluation of a module before installation. The performance of a PV module is determined by the five parameters of the single-diode model in a given environment. Due to the nonlinear and implicit nature of the equation, extraction of the parameters from the characteristic curve is a time-consuming and challenging task. Although numerous methods provide highly accurate solutions to the problem, the time and computational resources required for their execution are often not available in industrial environments. The paper formulates the problem as a multi-target regression problem and solves it using three different approaches. As in the case of most supervised machine learning algorithms, once a multi-regression model is trained, it can extract parameters of a large number of PV modules simultaneously in fractions of a second. For machine learning algorithms, the generation of training data and validation of models is of utmost importance. This paper mentions the procedure followed to generate training data along with widely cited performance metrics used to validate the performance of the proposed methods. Further, the trained models are also used to infer the single-diode parameters from the experimental I-V curve of a silicon cell. The results are highly accurate and at par with existing methods.
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1,219 |
Please write an abstract with title: The electronstatic electron cyclotron resonance maser, and key words: Dispersion, Mathematical model, Masers, Cyclotrons, Electrostatics, Magnetic resonance, Magnetostatics. Abstract: A new kind of instability, the electrostatic electron cyclotron resonance maser(EECRM), has been presented and studied in this paper. The EECRM may have some attractive advantages, such as: it may be electronic tunable, it requires no magnetostatic field and it may operate at high harmonic and high mode.
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1,220 |
Please write an abstract with title: Industry 4.0 strategic alignment framework: Multilevel perspective of digital transition in Indonesia, and key words: Industry 4.0, Technological Transition, Strategy. Abstract: Industry 4.0 as a concept and process is growing rapidly. In Indonesia there are many companies that are aware of the need to prepare the company in adapting Industry 4.0 trends into their business process. However when implementing Industry 4.0 capabilities into the company, there are many challenges that are difficult to face. This study proposed a new methodology to align between Industry 4.0 capabilities and strategic development process in the company. This study combines two different framework which are TOGAF Architecture Development Method (TOGAF ADM) and Indonesia Industry 4.0 Readiness Index (INDI4.0) to develop a new strategic alignment framework that can help company to have an Industry 4.0 capabilities while at the same time still aligned with the company priorities.
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1,221 |
Please write an abstract with title: On the limiting density of field emission current from metals, and key words: Current density, Electron emission, Iron, Explosives, Cathodes, Tungsten, Delay, Distribution functions, Electron accelerators, Electron beams. Abstract: The present work considers the problem of the field emission characteristics of metals for the range of external electric fields 10/sup 8/-10/sup 9/ V/cm. It has been shown that, as far as the field emission is considered, ultrahigh fields are the electric fields at which the decrease of the height of the potential barrier due to the Schottky effect is greater than the work function of the emitter. In this case, the penetration of the external electric field into the metal emitter results in a substantial increase in electron density near the emission boundary. It has also been shown that the Fowler-Nordheim relation that describes the electric field dependence of the current density does not hold at ultrahigh fields. Analytical expressions for this dependence have been obtained taking into account the perturbation of the electronic structure of the emitter by the external electric field both in the WKB and in the Miller-Good approximation in the low-temperature limit. Based on the results obtained, it has been shown that the saturation of the FE current density does not happen, as supposed earlier, and the current density practically linearly increases with electric field.
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1,222 |
Please write an abstract with title: Exploring Human Mobility for Multi-Pattern Passenger Prediction: A Graph Learning Framework, and key words: Autoregressive processes, Predictive models, Task analysis, Optimization, Data models, Australia, Smart cities. Abstract: Traffic flow prediction is an integral part of an intelligent transportation system and thus fundamental for various traffic-related applications. Buses are an indispensable way of moving for urban residents with fixed routes and schedules, which leads to latent travel regularity. However, human mobility patterns, specifically the complex relationships between bus passengers, are deeply hidden in this fixed mobility mode. Although many models exist to predict traffic flow, human mobility patterns have not been well explored in this regard. To address this research gap and learn human mobility knowledge from this fixed travel behaviors, we propose a multi-pattern passenger flow prediction framework, MPGCN, based on Graph Convolutional Network (GCN). Firstly, we construct a novel sharing-stop network to model relationships between passengers based on bus record data. Then, we employ GCN to extract features from the graph by learning useful topology information and introduce a deep clustering method to recognize mobility patterns hidden in bus passengers. Furthermore, to fully utilize spatio-temporal information, we propose GCN2Flow to predict passenger flow based on various mobility patterns. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first work to adopt a multi-pattern approach to predict the bus passenger flow by taking advantage of graph learning. We design a case study for optimizing routes. Extensive experiments upon a real-world bus dataset demonstrate that MPGCN has potential efficacy in passenger flow prediction and route optimization.
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1,223 |
Please write an abstract with title: Stochastic Cramer-Rao bounds of DOA estimates for BPSK and QPSK modulated signals, and key words: Stochastic processes, Direction of arrival estimation, Binary phase shift keying, Quadrature phase shift keying, Stochastic resonance, Phase shift keying, Phase estimation, Phase modulation, Additive noise, Gaussian noise. Abstract: The paper focuses on the stochastic Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) of direction of arrival (DOA) estimates for binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) and quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulated signals corrupted by additive circular complex Gaussian noise. Explicit expressions of the CRB for the DOA parameter alone in the case of a single signal waveform are given. Finally, these results are extended to the case of two independent BPSK distributed sources where an explicit expression of the DOA parameters alone is given for large SNR.
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1,224 |
Please write an abstract with title: Very tight capacity bounds for MIMO-correlated Rayleigh-fading channels, and key words: Rayleigh channels, Channel capacity, Upper bound, Covariance matrix, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, MIMO, Mathematics, Probability density function, Gaussian channels, Councils. Abstract: Due to the difficulty in its exact analysis, the ergodic (average) channel capacity of correlated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-fading channels is evaluated mainly by resorting to bounding techniques. Most of bounding techniques, however, are focused on the upper bound, and exploit the information in a Wishart-distributed sample covariance matrix solely in the form of its determinant or mean value. In this paper, we rigorously represent the determinant of form det(I + /spl gamma/S) in terms of all possible principal submatrices of S, thereby allowing us to exploit the fine structure of S to derive an upper bound for the channel capacity. To obtain a lower bound, we carefully construct a multivariate function and verify its multivariate convexity. Besides their simplicity in mathematics, the new bounds show superior tightness, as evidenced by various numerical examples.
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1,225 |
Please write an abstract with title: Key Issues of Portuguese Health Information Systems, and key words: Hospitals, Interviews, Information systems. Abstract: Using Information Systems(IS) to support the collection, storage and analysis of data, information and knowledge is adding value to a complex field such as healthcare. Information provided by healthcare facilities should be properly used, in order to provide better treatments to patients and to ensure that administration of healthcare facilities is done correctly. The main goal of this article is to present and characterize the key issues which affects the daily activities of information systems managers in hospital context of the Portuguese national healthcare services and to propose improvements scenarios as a positive answer to all the presented conclusions. Semi-structured interviews were used to support this research which have counted with a group of largely experienced healthcare professionals. Contributions on IS policies in health, human resources, modernization of systems and organizational relationships are presented as result.
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1,226 |
Please write an abstract with title: IFRIT: Focused Testing through Deep Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Software testing, Fault detection, Conferences, Discrete Fourier transforms, Reinforcement learning, Software. Abstract: Software is constantly changing as developers add new features or make changes. This directly impacts the effectiveness of the test suite associated with that software, especially when the new modifications are in an area where no test case exists. This article addresses the issue of developing a high-quality test suite to repeatedly cover a given point in a program, with the ultimate goal of exposing faults affecting the given program point. Our approach, IFRIT, uses Deep Reinforcement Learning to generate diverse inputs while keeping a high level of reachability of the desired program point. IFRIT achieves better results than state-of-the-art and baseline tools, improving reachability, diversity and fault detection.
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1,227 |
Please write an abstract with title: A comparison of hexagonally and rectangularly-sampled two-dimensional FIR digital filters, and key words: Finite impulse response filter, Digital filters, Band pass filters, Passband, Prototypes, Signal processing algorithms, Signal processing, Design methodology, Fans, Chebyshev approximation. Abstract: This paper presents a comparison of two-dimensional finite area impulse response (FIR) digital filters designed using three popular design methodologies - through the use of windows, through the use of transformations of one-dimensional designs, and through the use of optimal Chebyshev design techniques. In addition the comparison includes filters designed for processing both rectangularly-sampled and hexagonally-sampled data. The filters are compared with respect to ease of design and the efficiency of the resulting implementation.
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1,228 |
Please write an abstract with title: A New Mode Selection and Resource Reuse Strategy for V2X in Future Cellular Networks, and key words: Device-to-device communication, Interference, Vehicle-to-everything, Microsoft Windows, Signal to noise ratio, Cellular networks, Uplink. Abstract: Recently, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications for future cellular systems have attracted considerable attention due to their potential benefits such as improved system capacity, spectral efficiency or delay reduction, and they enable new services related to intelligent transportation systems. V2V communications can be performed using two communication modes, namely cellular mode, based on uplink/downlink communications, and sidelink mode, which enables vehicles to communicate directly with other vehicles. However, selecting the appropriate operating mode according to the requirements of V2V services and allocating the radio resources to V2V communications becomes a challenging issue. In this respect, we propose a novel mode selection and resource reuse strategy to select the appropriate mode of operation and decide the amount of resource blocks (RBs) for V2V in cellular and sidelink modes, where multiple V2V links may share the same radio resources. A simulation-based analysis is presented to assess the performance of the proposed solution. The simulation results have shown that the proposed strategy improves network performance in terms of achievable throughput, outage probability, latency, and resource utilization.
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1,229 |
Please write an abstract with title: Model-Driven Availability Assessment of the NFV-MANO With Software Rejuvenation, and key words: Software, Analytical models, Containers, Reliability, Redundancy, Cloud computing, Stochastic processes. Abstract: Network Function Virtualization enables network operators to modernize their networks with greater elasticity, network programmability, and scalability. Exploiting these advantages requires new and specialized designs for management, automation, and orchestration systems which are capable of reliably operating and handling new elements such as virtual functions, virtualized infrastructures, and a whole new set of relationships among them. Operations such as resource allocation, instantiation, monitoring, scaling, or termination of virtual functions are key lifecycle operations that NFV management and orchestration (NFV-MANO) frameworks need to correctly perform. Failures of the NFV-MANO prevent the network ability to respond to new service requests or events related to the normal lifecycle operation of network services. Thus, it is important to ensure robustness and high availability of the MANO framework. This paper adopts a model-driven approach to predict the availability of the NFV-MANO and assess the impact that different failure modes have. We propose different models, based on Stochastic Activity Networks (SANs), which abstract various MANO deployment configurations, inspired by current containerized open-source MANO implementations. Moreover, we integrate software rejuvenation and investigate the trade-off between its associated overhead and system availability increase. An extensive experimental campaign with fault-injection techniques on a real-life MANO implementation allows to derive a number of realistic recovery parameters. The case studies are used to quantitatively evaluate the steady-state availability and identify the most important parameters influencing system availability for the different deployment configurations.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Brief Review on Various Aspects of Steganography Followed by Cryptographic Analysis, and key words: Image quality, Degradation, Steganography, Terminology, Data compression, Transforms, Receivers. Abstract: Owing to cyberattacks risks as well as other accidental alterations while active communication across an unsecured network, establishing a secure connection betwixt two communicative parties is becoming a complex job. Confidential as well as hidden information, nevertheless, could be protected utilizing cryptography or steganography. It is a skill of concealing a message (with no traceability) in such a way that it has no significance for anybody other than the intended recipient, whereas cryptography is the competence of turning plaintext (message) into an unreadable format. Each encryption approach could be deciphered in a reasonable amount of time plus with adequate resources. With the advancement of computer technology, the likelihood of decryption has expanded, since accessible computer speeds permit a decryption procedure grounded on an exhaustive data search. As a result, steganography, a science that aims to conceal the availability of secret information, has developed. This article provides an outline of image steganography as well as approaches utilized to conceal data in the source image to create stego-images. Moreover, a brief introduction of cryptography is also mentioned for differentiating the difference between steganography and cryptography. The paper covers all the important aspects related to steganography for a deep analysis of the security behind this idea.
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Please write an abstract with title: SR-ScatNet Algorithm for On-device ECG Time Series Anomaly Detection, and key words: Training, Wavelet transforms, Correlation, Time series analysis, Scattering, Electrocardiography, Hardware. Abstract: Anomaly detection of real-time ECG time series is of particular interest for early detection of cardiovascular disease for aging population. To use convolutional neural networks (CNN) for any on-device training or inference, you need GPU-accelerated hardware which will not only increase the hardware cost but also consume higher battery power. We proposed a SR-ScatNet algorithm for on-device application such as smart cloth with ECG monitoring sensors. Two improvements were made. First on spectral residual, we use Fourier Transform of autocorrelation of ECG signals instead of original time series to increase the sensitivity. Second on feature extraction, we use shallow wavelet scattering network (ScatNet) instead of deep CNN network so the on-device training can be performed on a simple Arm Cortex-A53 processor without any GPU-accelerator. These improvements are made to create a compact machine learning model according to the nature of different waves constituting the ECG signals. To verify the proposed method, we use the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The spectral residual of autocorrelation ECG signals can detect the abnormal ECG signals with over 98% accuracy. The wavelet scattering network can further classify the type of abnormality with over 90% accuracy. We believe the design of ECG monitoring smart cloth can benefit from such SR-ScatNet algorithm.
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Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy iterative learning control design for output tracking of discrete-time fuzzy systems, and key words: Fuzzy systems, Fuzzy control, Control design, Iterative methods, Takagi-Sugeno model, Educational institutions, Design automation, Convergence, Error correction, Linear matrix inequalities. Abstract: Tracking control designs are important issues for practical applications. Combining iterative learning control theory with Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy methodology, a fuzzy iterative learning control design method is described for output tracking of nonlinear discrete-time system. First, the TS fuzzy model is employed to approximate a nonlinear discrete-time system. Next, a model-based fuzzy iterative learning controller is developed to guarantee the convergence of the tracking error. The proposed approach can sufficiently utilize clear concepts and simple methods of iterative learning control theory to improve system tracking performance. A simulation example is provided to illustrate the design procedures and the effectiveness of the fuzzy iterative learning controller.
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Please write an abstract with title: High-performance IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack routing lookup, and key words: Routing, Internet, Sorting, Pipeline processing, Information science, Educational institutions, Sun, Switching systems, Systems engineering and theory, Protocols. Abstract: IP routing lookup schemes using single-step TCAM used in core routers demand entries being sorted according to prefix lengths in descending order relative to TCAM addresses. The sorting operations related to addresses have disadvantageous affections to the entry updating speed and lookup continuity. This paper provides a novel IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack routing lookup method based on BSPL (bi-search on prefix length), which using multi-step TCAM pipelining based on bi-search on prefix length. Its outstanding advantages include that no entry sorting is needed, lookup speed is high, entry updating is completed fast with pipelining, and lookup continuity is enhanced. It satisfies wire-speed (48B-packet) forwarding of OC-768 (40Gbps) interfaces of IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack core routers.
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Please write an abstract with title: DataCell - A Solar Cell Integrated Modulating Retroreflector, and key words: Optical devices, Optical receivers, Optical device fabrication, High-speed optical techniques, Optical transmitters, Integrated optics, Optical sensors. Abstract: The concept of a hybrid solar cell with an integrated multi-quantum well modulating retroreflector is presented. This device can be fabricated by monolithic growth of III-V compounds or via mechanical stacking. The “DataCell” device allows for simultaneous electrical energy harvesting (photovoltaic effect) AND high-speed optical data communication (quantum-confined Stark effect) for free-space optical (FSO) links in a single integrated device. The fabrication and successful operation of first prototype devices is discussed.
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Please write an abstract with title: Measurement of the spectral properties of the two-photon state generated via type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion, and key words: Quantum mechanics, Quantum entanglement, Bandwidth, Polarization, Frequency, Nonlinear optics, Optical pumping, Ultrafast optics, Photonics Society, Photonic crystals. Abstract: We report the complete measurement of the spectral properties of photon pairs generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The measurements, which include not only single-photon spectra, but also two-photon joint spectra, were performed for both cw and ultrafast pumping configurations. In agreement with theoretical predictions, the spectra for the ultrafast pumped case reveal asymmetries not present with cw pumping.
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Please write an abstract with title: Detecting the gaze direction for a man machine interface, and key words: Man machine systems, Humans, Robot kinematics, Iris, Magnetic heads, Detectors, Image edge detection, Communication channels, Mice, Image coding. Abstract: In this paper we describe a technique to determine the gaze direction of a human operator. Beginning with a head extraction, done by a color segmentation, the eye position gets estimated by a corner detector, taking into account, that the eyes must lie on approximately the same eye level. The iris position is found in two steps. First, a region growing algorithm marks the darkest area for each eye, and a template matching determines the precise position in this pre-marked region. Second, a hough transformation builds up a second hypothesis on the iris position, based on the results of a canny edge detector. By fusing these two results, wrong determinations are excluded. Furthermore, the eye corners had to be found to evaluate their relative position to the iris. This is done by a parametric eye model, finding the best correspondence of the model and the image features. Now, having the iris and the eye corner positions, a gaze direction can be determined. The heading direction is considered to be known.
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Please write an abstract with title: How geography professors select materials for classroom lectures: implications for the design of digital libraries, and key words: Geography, Software libraries, Education, Earth, Prototypes, Information resources, Permission, Psychology, Information retrieval, Human factors. Abstract: A goal of the Alexandria Digital Earth Prototype (ADEPT) project is to make primary resources in geography useful for undergraduate instruction in ways that promote inquiry learning. The ADEPT education and evaluation team interviewed professors about their use of geography information as they prepare for class lectures, as compared to their research activities. We found that professors desired the ability to search by concept (erosion, continental drift, etc.) as well as geographic location, and that personal research collections were an important source of instructional materials. Resources in geospatial digital libraries are typically described by location, but are rarely described by concept or educational application. This paper presents implications for the design of an educational digital library from our observations of the lecture preparation process. Findings include functionality requirements for digital libraries and implications for the notion of digital libraries as a shared information environment. The functional requirements include definitions and enhancements of searching capabilities, the ability to contribute and to share personal collections of resources, and the capability to manipulate data and images.
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Please write an abstract with title: Toward an infrastructure to support interoperability in reverse engineering, and key words: Reverse engineering, Computer science, Application software, Data mining, Seminars, Flow graphs, Joining processes, Testing, Libraries. Abstract: In this paper we present an infrastructure that supports interoperability among various reverse engineering tools and applications. We include an application programmer's interface that permits extraction of information about declarations, including classes, functions and variables, as well as information about scopes, types and control statements in C++ applications. We also present a hierarchy of canonical schemas that capture minimal functionality for middle-level graph structures. This hierarchy facilitates an unbiased comparison of results for different tools that implement the same or a similar schema. We have a repository, hosted by SourceForge.net, where we have placed the artifacts of our infrastructure
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Please write an abstract with title: The double-edged sword of secrecy in military weapon development, and key words: Weapons, Missiles, Reliability engineering, Military aircraft, Heart, Cultural differences, Position measurement, Government, History, Reverse engineering. Abstract: The Tomahawk missile is the United States Navy's premier land attack cruise missile and has enjoyed significant positive press during both Gulf Wars and in the recent strikes in Afghanistan. Considering the large and versatile weapon inventory of the U.S. military, it is no small achievement for a single weapon to be considered the "weapon of choice". In fact, the United States Air Force has its own land attack cruise missile called the Conventional Air-Launched Cruise Missile (CALCM). Both the Tomahawk and the CALCM were conceived and initially developed under the same Department of Defense (DoD) program, the Joint Military Cruise Program Office. These two missiles with nearly identical early development and missions experienced quite different fates. The success of the Navy's Tomahawk, a program with relatively low secrecy when compared to the Air Force's CALCM, should be a lesson to military managers of future weapons procurement programs.
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Please write an abstract with title: SAUSAGE: Security Analysis of Unix domain Socket usAGE in Android, and key words: Access control, Job shop scheduling, Publishing, Sockets, Operating systems, Linux, Authentication. Abstract: The Android operating system is currently the most popular mobile operating system in the world. Android is based on Linux and therefore inherits its features including its Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanisms. These mechanisms are used by processes to communicate with one another and are extensively used in Android. While Android-specific IPC mechanisms have been studied extensively, Unix domain sockets have not been examined comprehensively, despite playing a crucial role in the IPC of highly privileged system daemons. In this paper, we propose Sausage, an efficient novel static analysis framework to study the security properties of these sockets. Sausage considers access control policies implemented in the Android security model, as well as authentication checks implemented by the daemon binaries. It is a fully static analysis framework, specifically designed to analyze Unix domain socket usage in Android system daemons, at scale. We use this framework to analyze 200 Android images across eight popular smartphone vendors spanning Android versions 7–9. As a result, we uncover multiple access control misconfigurations and insecure authentication checks. Our notable findings include a permission bypass in highly privileged Qualcomm system daemons and an unprotected socket that allows an untrusted app to set the scheduling priority of other processes running on the system, despite the implementation of mandatory SELinux policies. Ultimately, the results of our analysis are worrisome; all vendors except the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) have access control issues, allowing an untrusted app to communicate to highly privileged daemons through Unix domain sockets introduced by hardware manufacturer or vendor customization.
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Please write an abstract with title: Advanced technology development at SEMATECH, and key words: Semiconductor device manufacture, Research and development, Ultraviolet sources, CMOS technology, Costs, Manufacturing industries, Time to market, Lithography, Resists, CMOS process. Abstract: The development of advanced technology is significantly impacted by the cost and complexity of bringing it from research to manufacturing. SEMATECH, a global consortium of major semiconductor manufacturers, has evolved over the last two decades to address this and other challenges of the chip industry. In doing so, we have become deeply attuned to the necessity of honing our R&D activities in ways that reduce time to market, and time to money. Our R&D activities include: lithography, which concentrates on extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and 193 nm immersion technologies, as well as development of advanced resists and affordable masks; front end processes, which focuses on CMOS scaling, including high-k and metal electrode materials and channel engineering; interconnect, where our primary focus is resistance-capacitance (RC) delay. We also maintain two major university-based programs in our efforts to develop advanced technology.
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Dialogue Between Caregivers and Recipients for a Communication Robot, and key words: Training, Service robots, Communication systems, Medical services, Oral communication, Behavioral sciences, Dementia. Abstract: We started developing a communication robot mounted Japanese dialogue system for people with dementia. For this purpose, we recorded the dialogues between caregivers and people with dementia in the nursing home. We call people living in the nursing home recipients. From our observation in the dialogue corpus, we found the differentiation between caregiver’s and recipient’s utterances. Also we chose topics that were frequently spoken based on analysis of the dialogues classified with some viewpoints, that is, the old memories, current topics, the dialogue related to their activities, or daily care. Based on the characteristics of their utterances in dialogue corpus, we extracted 6 items that we need to consider for a communication system for nursing.
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Please write an abstract with title: Lateral crystallization of silicon films using Joule heating, and key words: Crystallization, Silicon, Semiconductor films, Strips, Chromium, Resistance heating, Temperature, Voltage, Capacitance, Substrates. Abstract: We report lateral crystalline grain growth of silicon thin films by a combination of the crystallization by the electrical current induced Joule heating method with rapid substrate heating. A Cr strip was heated by electrical current induced joule heating. Due to heat diffusion from the Cr heater, a temperature gradient was formed in the lateral direction of the silicon films. Two-dimensional heat flow simulation and microphotographs suggests that lateral crystalline grain growth occurred at temperature gradient of about 1.3/spl times/10/sup 5/ K/cm.
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Please write an abstract with title: Super-Resolution Ultrasound Localization Microscopy Through Deep Learning, and key words: Location awareness, Deep learning, Ultrasonic imaging, Microscopy, Superresolution, Real-time systems, Standards. Abstract: Ultrasound localization microscopy has enabled super-resolution vascular imaging through precise localization of individual ultrasound contrast agents (microbubbles) across numerous imaging frames. However, analysis of high-density regions with significant overlaps among the microbubble point spread responses yields high localization errors, constraining the technique to low-concentration conditions. As such, long acquisition times are required to sufficiently cover the vascular bed. In this work, we present a fast and precise method for obtaining super-resolution vascular images from high-density contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging data. This method, which we term Deep Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (Deep-ULM), exploits modern deep learning strategies and employs a convolutional neural network to perform localization microscopy in dense scenarios, learning the nonlinear image-domain implications of overlapping RF signals originating from such sets of closely spaced microbubbles. Deep-ULM is trained effectively using realistic on-line synthesized data, enabling robust inference in-vivo under a wide variety of imaging conditions. We show that deep learning attains super-resolution with challenging contrast-agent densities, both in-silico as well as in-vivo. Deep-ULM is suitable for real-time applications, resolving about 70 high-resolution patches ($128\times 128$ pixels) per second on a standard PC. Exploiting GPU computation, this number increases to 1250 patches per second.
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Please write an abstract with title: Receiver Current-Stress Mitigation for a Dynamic Wireless Charging System Employing Constant Resistance Control, and key words: Receivers, Stress, Voltage control, Transmitters, Integrated circuit modeling, Inductive charging, Couplings. Abstract: The voltage stress of compensation capacitors in the wireless charging system could be up to several kilovolts. Things get worse for the dynamic operating condition because the resonant current gets fluctuating with the rigid variations of the coupling condition. In this article, a constant resistance (CR) control scheme on a boost converter is proposed to mitigate receiver current stress, i.e., the peak currents in the resonant tank and the boost chopper inductor. The receiver-side dynamic wireless charging (DWC) system with a postregulated boost converter is introduced by the static operating waveforms. To investigate how speed affects current stress, a receiver-side current analytical model is established based on the closed-loop input admittance of boost and the dc circuit model of resonant tanks. The modeling results illustrate that the overstress problem is prone to occur at high-speed condition under constant current charging control. CR control, which shapes boost input current and voltage in phase, is adopted to address this problem. Comparative studies for full-range speeds and nonideal coupling conditions, conducted by the DWC simulator, show that uniform low-stress performance is obtained under CR control with the same amount of energy transferred. Maximum stress improvement on the receiver resonant current is 29% for ideal condition and 44% for a nonsinusoidal condition when driving at 80 km/h.
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Please write an abstract with title: Understanding Scanner Utilization With Real-Time DICOM Metadata Extraction, and key words: Metadata, DICOM, Measurement, Real-time systems, Picture archiving and communication systems, Imaging, Medical services. Abstract: Understanding system performance metrics ensures better utilization of the radiology resources with more targeted interventions. The images produced by radiology scanners typically follow the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) standard format. The DICOM images consist of textual metadata that can be used to calculate key timing parameters, such as the exact study durations and scanner utilization. However, hospital networks lack the resources and capabilities to extract the metadata from the images quickly and automatically compute the scanner utilization properties. Thus, they resort to using data records from the Radiology Information Systems (RIS). However, data acquired from RIS are prone to human errors, rendering many derived key performance metrics inadequate and inaccurate. Hence, there is motivation to establish a real-time image transfer from the Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) to receive the DICOM images from the scanners to research clusters to conduct such metadata processing to evaluate scanner utilization metrics efficiently and quickly. This paper analyzes the scanners’ utilization by developing a real-time monitoring framework that retrieves radiology images into a research cluster using the DICOM networking protocol and then extracts and processes the metadata from the images. Our proposed approach facilitates a better understanding of scanner utilization across a vast healthcare network by observing properties such as study duration, the interval between the encounters, and the series count of studies. Benchmarks against using the RIS data indicate that our proposed framework based on real-time PACS data estimates the scanner utilization more accurately. Furthermore, our framework has been running stable and performing its computation for more than two years on our extensive healthcare network in pseudo real-time.
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1,247 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Minesweeper Algorithm for Improved Signal Area Estimation in Spectrum Aware Systems, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Computational modeling, Software algorithms, Estimation, Software, Computational efficiency, Telecommunications. Abstract: Signal area estimation is a critical component of spectrum aware systems. It entails determining the subsets of elements of a time-frequency matrix where a signal is present. This study proposes and assesses the potential of a minesweeper algorithm in estimating accurately the signal area. The proposed method can be employed in two ways: as a standalone signal area estimation technique and also as a pre/post-processing technique in combination with other signal area estimation methods in order to correct signal detection errors before applying the other estimation method (pre-processing) and/or errors introduced by the other estimation method itself (post-processing). The performance of the proposed minesweeper algorithm in both application approaches is evaluated by means of software simulations. The obtained results show that, when used as a standalone method, it can provide similar or even better accuracy than other methods at a much lower computational cost. However, the best performance is obtained when used as a pre/post-processing technique in combination with other existing methods, without increasing significantly the total computation time.
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1,248 |
Please write an abstract with title: Attention Mechanism for Neural Machine Translation: A survey, and key words: Training, Automation, Additives, Conferences, Process control, Data processing, Data models. Abstract: Machine translation, one of the most basic challenges in natural language processing, aims to automated translate between human language. Neural machine translation has emerged as a very successful paradigm which can learn features directly from data and has led to remarkable breakthrough in the field of machine translation. But widely adopt encoder-decoder model architecture in neural machine translation has been faced effectiveness issue and training issue. Currently, almost all state-of-the-art neural machine translation models are based on attention mechanism. Attention models help relate input sequence units disregarding distance between them in space and time, at the same time make sequence data processing more parallelizable. Therefore, the introduction of attention greatly improves the performance of neural machine translation model. Given this period of rapid development, the goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive summary of the state-of-art attention model. Most widely adopt attention models and their invariants are covering in this paper, including but not limited to self-attention, soft attention, hard attention, local attention, global attention, additive attention, multiplicative attention, key-value attention and their realization in various sequence-to-sequence models. I finish the survey by identifying promising directions for future research.
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1,249 |
Please write an abstract with title: Artificial Intelligence in Banking sector: Evidence from Bahrain, and key words: Artificial intelligence, Banking, Robots, Task analysis, Tools, Industries, Finance. Abstract: Recently, there has been a strong wave of digital transformation to the banking sector worldwide. In this paper, we explore using one of the emerging technologies, being Artificial intelligence, in banks in Bahrain. We find that only a few banks have utilized Artificial intelligence applications and that the robotic process automation and chatbots are the most employed Artificial intelligence applications. Furthermore, the findings highlight that the Central Bank of Bahrain has given a high priority to the digital transformation journey in banks, which suggests that further development and implantation of technology in banks will be seen in the near future.
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1,250 |
Please write an abstract with title: Body orientation estimation through graph representation: Expanding accuracy with Data Augmentation and Gradient Boosting, and key words: Support vector machines, Skeleton, Boosting, IEEE transactions, Cameras, Training data, Three-dimensional displays. Abstract: Body Orientation Estimation (BOE) is important for a wide array of applications, including robotics, surveillance and consumer analysis. Although multi-sensor approaches are effective, they are not a viable option for in the wild scenarios; the usual approach in such cases is to use single camera images, with imprecise results. Some applications that deal with people benefit from obtaining 2D human skeletons for gesture recognition, and these skeletons bring valuable information about the person's pose. It is proposed to build a 2D skeleton via OpenPose and using its data as training data on XGBoost to detect BOE. To evaluate predictions considering real situations based on a single camera, the TUD Multiview Pedestrian dataset is used and extended considering that a single person is originally considered in images where more people were often identified. It is compared the proposed approach against various state-of-the-art methods and our results indicate better performance. Finally, it is proved that our method is viable for BOE in real-time scenarios by presenting case studies on simulated scenes.
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1,251 |
Please write an abstract with title: A novel excitation control scheme for exciting-magnetic doubly salient brushless DC generator, and key words: DC generators, Power generation, Character generation, Regulators, Voltage control, Power system transients, Power system analysis computing, Diodes, Bridge circuits, Rectifiers. Abstract: A doubly salient brushless high voltage DC power system, that is composed of a 12/8 pole exciting-magnetic doubly salient (EMDS) generator and a diode bridge rectifier, was developed. The generator performance, including no-load characteristic, voltage regulating characteristic and efficiency, are tested and analyzed in a 30 kW prototype generator. The test results show that the proposed 12/8 pole EMDS generator offers the advantage of high efficiency over wide power range, A automatic voltage regulator based on nonlinear PI combined with bang-bang control was proposed and designed. The digital voltage regulator was implemented based on DSP (TMS320F240). The experiments on a 30 kW EMDS generator were carried. In order to improve further the dynamic characteristic, the nonlinear PI algorithm with load-current forward compensating (LCFC) control was developed, the proposed nonlinear PI with LCFC method has been compared with nonlinear PI. The experimental results verify that the proposed new controller not only offers faster dynamic response, but also reduces voltage surge during loading and unloading transient process. A good transient process and steady state characteristics are achieved over wider load current range.
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1,252 |
Please write an abstract with title: Integrating an IoT Application Middleware with a Fog and Edge Computing Simulator, and key words: Computational modeling, Computer architecture, Computer networks, Telecommunications, Internet of Things, Proposals, Middleware. Abstract: The Edge and Fog Computing paradigms enable the development of new services and applications for future network scenarios. As a result, interest arises in developing Internet of Things applications for these new paradigms. One challenge is how to create and validate such applications in an integrated development environment, considering that it is necessary to investigate how they will behave in those networks. A standard solution would be to simulate those networks before deploying the application. However, most of network simulators does not provide mechanisms to validate applications developed on external tools, such as the ones created in an application middleware. This scenario is especially challenging when considering an Edge and Fog Computing scenario. In this context, this article presents a study and architecture proposal for the integrated development and simulation of IoT applications in Edge and Fog Computing network scenarios. The proposed architecture is based on the integration of the application middleware Node-RED and the OMNeT ++ network simulator extension FogNetSim ++. This integration is handled by a manager component responsible for exchanging data between the middleware and simulator. Test results show how the integration works and how they can be used for IoT application validation.
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1,253 |
Please write an abstract with title: Low-frequency Test System Based on the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with Tethered Antenna, and key words: Meters, Transmitting antennas, Receiving antennas, Dynamic range, Autonomous aerial vehicles, Attenuation, Software. Abstract: In order to realize the low-frequency wide dynamic range test in different environments, a new low-frequency test system based on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with tethered antenna is proposed in the paper. The system consists of the transmitting terminal which mainly uses the UAV with tethered antenna and the receiving terminal which mainly uses the loop antenna. The test frequencies can range from 500 kHz to 20 MHz with a wide dynamic range which is more than 120 dB at a distance of 100 meters. In addition, under the condition of no signal communication, the system can be tested automatically according to the automatic test software. The system proposed in the paper can be used to test the shielding effectiveness of shield and attenuation of low-frequency signal with different distances in different environments.
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1,254 |
Please write an abstract with title: A High-Performance Distributed File System for Mass Data, and key words: File systems, Fuses, Scalability, Distributed databases, Consensus algorithm, Tools, Computer crashes. Abstract: With the rapid development of the mobile Internet and cloud computing, storage sub system's pressure increasing fast as the critical process needs more powerful engines. The paper realizes a high-performance distributed file system based on raft protocol. Our file system guarantees the reliability of data through replication. Write-Ahead Logging (WAL) and raft consensus algorithm provide atomicity, durability and file distribution. In order to solve the problem of data fragmentation in distributed systems, we design an automatic fragmentation and load balancing mechanism based on consistent hashing. Each file goes through the raft state machine so that a few machines crash without I/O error. We also implement the FUSE interface for the users to mount and work on files. Performance measurements under some typical workloads show that our file system has excellent I/O performance.
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1,255 |
Please write an abstract with title: Reweighted Total Variation Regularization Based on Split Bregman in Synthetic Aperture Imaging Radiometry, and key words: TV, Brightness temperature, Image reconstruction, Radiometers, Apertures, Microwave radiometry, Microwave oscillators. Abstract: Synthetic aperture imaging radiometers (SAIRs) are a powerful tool for high-resolution imaging. The reconstruction process from the visibility function to the brightness temperature map in SAIRs has been demonstrated to be an ill-posed inverse problem. Although the existing regularization methods can effectively overcome the ill-condition, there are still large residual errors and oscillation ripples, especially at the edges of the reconstructed map. In this letter, a reweighted total variation (RTV) method is presented to reconstruct the brightness temperature map in SAIRs and preserve the edge information of the map without windowing. A split Bregman iteration algorithm is used to optimize the RTV regularization model and increase the calculation speed. Numerical simulation experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness and show the performance of the proposed method.
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1,256 |
Please write an abstract with title: Design of the CW Cornell ERL Injector Cryomodule, and key words: Radio frequency, Ferrites, Prototypes, Acceleration, Electron sources, Particle beams, Linear particle accelerator, Couplers, Tuners, Cooling. Abstract: The Cornell ERL Prototype injector will accelerate bunches from an electron source to an energy of several MeV, while preserving the ultra-low emittance of the beam. The injector linac will be based on superconducting RF technology with five 2-cell RF cavities operated in cw mode. The beam tubes on one side of the cavities have been enlarged to propagate Higher-Order-Mode power from the cavities to broadband RF ring-absorbers located at 80 K between the cavities. The axial symmetry of these ferrite based absorbers, together with two symmetrically placed input couplers per cavity, avoids transverse on-axis fields, which would cause emittance growth. Each cavity is surrounded by a LHe vessel and equipped with a frequency tuner. The cryomodule provides the support and alignment for the cavity string, the 80 K cooling of the ferrite loads, and the 2K LHe cryogenic system for the high cw heat load of the cavities. In this paper we give an overview of the ERL injector cryomodule design.
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Please write an abstract with title: Link Prediction Only With Interaction Data and its Application on Drug Repositioning, and key words: Drugs, Diseases, Proteins, Heterogeneous networks, Chemicals, Reliability, Predictive models. Abstract: To assist drug development, many computational methods have been proposed to identify potential drug-disease treatment associations before wet experiments. Based on the assumption that similar drugs may treat similar diseases, most methods calculate the similarities of drugs and diseases by using various chemical or biological features. However, since these features may be unknown or hard to collect, such methods will not work in the face of incomplete data. Besides, due to the lack of validated negative samples in the drug-disease associations data, most methods have no choice but to simply select some unlabeled samples as negative ones, which may introduce noises and decrease the reliability of prediction. Herein, we propose a new method (TS-SVD) which only uses those known drug-protein, disease-protein and drug-disease interactions to predict the potential drug-disease associations. In a constructed drug-protein-disease heterogeneous network, assuming that drugs/diseases relating to some common proteins or diseases/drugs may be similar, we get the common neighbors count matrix of drugs/diseases, then convert it to a topological similarity matrix. After that, we get low dimensional embedding representations of drug-disease pairs by using topological features and singular value decomposition. Finally, a Random Forest classifier is trained to do the prediction. To train a more reasonable model, we select out some reliable negative samples based on the k-step neighbors relationships between drugs and diseases. Compared with some state-of-the-art methods, we use less information but achieve better or comparable performance. Meanwhile, our strategy for selecting reliable negative samples can improve the performances of these methods. Case studies have further shown the practicality of our method in discovering novel drug-disease associations.
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1,258 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Semantic-aware Representation Framework for Online Log Analysis, and key words: Semantics, Runtime, Data mining, Context, Task analysis, Indexes, Vocabulary. Abstract: Logs are one of the most valuable data sources for large-scale service management. Log representation, which converts unstructured texts to structured vectors or matrices, serves as the the first step towards automated log analysis. However, the current log representation methods neither represent domain-specific semantic information of logs, nor handle the out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words of new types of logs at runtime. We propose Log2Vec, a semantic-aware representation framework for log analysis. Log2Vec combines a log-specific word embedding method to accurately extract the semantic information of logs, with an OOV word processor to embed OOV words into vectors at runtime. We present an analysis on the impact of OOV words and evaluate the performance of the OOV word processor. The evaluation experiments on four public production log datasets demonstrate that Log2Vec not only fixes the issue presented by OOV words, but also significantly improves the performance of two popular log-based service management tasks, including log classification and anomaly detection. We have packaged Log2Vec into an open-source toolkit and hope that it can be used for future research.
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1,259 |
Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Methods of Recording Physiological Signals Using Passive Electronic Sensors to Obtain Respiratory Parameters in People with Respiratory Dysfunction, and key words: Pediatrics, Production, Sensors, Electrical resistance measurement, Velocity measurement, Biosensors, Biomedical monitoring. Abstract: The purpose of the work is to developed two sensors, based on piezoelectric and resistive elements, used to measure the respiratory signal from the thorax. As a result two innovative methods of monitoring respiratory parameters and cough incidents for patients with respiratory failure, caused by asthma or covid-19. The first sensor was made of the piezoelectric membrane, and the second uses conductive elastic rubber that changes its resistance when stretched. Both sensors were placed on the patient's chest using a specially designed for this purpose belt.Simultaneous biomedical signals were recorded in laboratory conditions for various measurement methods, which showed chest movement during breathing in healthy people with the simulation of difficult measurement conditions, such as shallow and rapid breathing, slow deep breathing combined with apnea, and in the presence of motor disturbances. The obtained results for both measurement methods allow confirming a satisfactory immunity to movement disturbances and correct detection in extreme measurement conditions such as fast and shallow breathing and apnea while the piezoelectric method, enables recording with better resolution in conditions of fast and shallow breathing. Both piezoelectric and resistive methods are correct for creating sensors that monitor basic patients' respiratory parameters. Their additional advantage is the simplicity and low cost of production which may be important in examining geriatric patients and neonates however piezoelectric is cheaper and less burdensome during the long-term recording of respiratory parameters
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Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic fault-tolerance and metrics for battery powered, failure-prone systems, and key words: Fault tolerant systems, Batteries, Power system reliability, Energy efficiency, Very large scale integration, Runtime, High performance computing, Maintenance, Classification algorithms, Heuristic algorithms. Abstract: Emerging VLSI technologies and platforms are giving rise to systems with inherently high potential for runtime failure. Such failures range from intermittent electrical and mechanical failures at the system level, to device failures at the chip level. Techniques to provide reliable computation in the presence of failures must do so while maintaining high performance, with an eye toward energy efficiency. When possible, they should maximize battery lifetime in the face of battery discharge non-linearities. This paper introduces the concept of adaptive fault-tolerance management for failure-prone systems, and a classification of local algorithms for achieving system-wide reliability. In order to judge the efficacy of the proposed algorithms for dynamic fault-tolerance management, a set of metrics, for characterizing system behavior in terms of energy efficiency, reliability, computation performance and battery lifetime, is presented. For an example platform employed in a realistic evaluation scenario, it is shown that system configurations with the best performance and lifetime are not necessarily those with the best combination of performance, reliability, battery lifetime and average power consumption.
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1,261 |
Please write an abstract with title: System performance gain by interference cancellation in WCDMA dedicated and high-speed downlink channels, and key words: System performance, Performance gain, Interference cancellation, Multiaccess communication, Downlink, Fading, Multipath channels, Algorithm design and analysis, RAKE receivers, Equalizers. Abstract: A large number of the existing and planned 3G networks rely on the 3GPP WCDMA standard. Since the downlink of WCDMA systems is usually interference limited, interference cancellation algorithms that reduce the interference on the desired signal can significantly improve the system capacity. The system-level performance gain that can be achieved by interference cancellation on the terminal side is investigated. Two downlink channels are considered: the dedicated downlink channel, which is already part of the WCDMA standard, and the new high-speed downlink channel for packet-data support, which will be part of release 5 of the WCDMA standard. In the analysis, four receiver classes are compared: the standard RAKE receiver, a RAKE receiver with pilot subtraction, a linear MMSE equalizer, and a non-linear iterative successive cancellation algorithm. The resulting performance gains and the necessary implementation complexity are discussed.
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1,262 |
Please write an abstract with title: Multipath unicast and multicast video communication over wireless ad hoc networks, and key words: Unicast, Wireless communication, Ad hoc networks, Videoconference, Video on demand, Mobile ad hoc networks, Routing protocols, Robustness, Streaming media, Multicast protocols. Abstract: In this paper, we address the problem of real-time video communication over wireless ad hoc networks. For the unicast case, we propose a robust, multipath source routing protocol for both interactive and video on-demand applications. Simulations show that our proposed scheme enhances the quality of video applications as compared to the existing protocols. For the multicast case, we propose multiple tree multicast streaming as a way to provide robustness for video multicast applications. Specifically, we propose a distributed double disjoint tree multicast routing protocol called serial MDTMR, and characterize its performance via simulations. We show that serial MDTMR achieves reasonable tree connectivity while maintaining disjointness of two trees, and that it outperforms single tree multicast communication.
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1,263 |
Please write an abstract with title: Aerospace Radio Frequency Propagation Tool, and key words: Wireless communication, Radio frequency, Satellite broadcasting, Poles and towers, Tools, Propagation losses, Radiofrequency interference. Abstract: To assess accurately the radio frequency (RF) interference between operational satellite tracking stations and commercial wireless stations (current or future cell towers), validated and accurate RF path loss estimates are needed. The Aerospace Radio Frequency Propagation Tool (ARPT) provides validated long-distance RF path loss predictions.
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1,264 |
Please write an abstract with title: Extension-Compression Learning: A deep learning code search method that simulates reading habits, and key words: Deep learning, Training, Codes, Computational modeling, Search methods, Natural languages, Refining. Abstract: To speed up the efficiency of software development, the ability to retrieve codes through natural language is fundamental. At present, the approach of code search based on deep learning has been extensively researched and achieved a lot of results. However, these models are much complex and the training relies on artificially extracted features. Different from other deep learning models, we simulate people's reading habit of expanding content first and then refining content when learning new knowledge and propose the concept of Extension-Compression Learning. The model can effectively express the features of code and natural language through Extension Learning and Compression Learning. We evaluate the effect of the approach on the code search task with a small dataset and a large dataset, and the results show that all indicators are better than those of other approaches that embed code and text into a joint vector space.
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1,265 |
Please write an abstract with title: Method for Aircraft Path Planning Based on Triangle Inequality Secondary Optimization, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Atmospheric modeling, Redundancy, Programming, Search problems, Path planning, Dynamic programming. Abstract: Aiming at the problem of route point redundancy for heuristic intelligent algorithm planning, firstly, the dynamic programming model of aircraft path planning based on secondary optimization is established, the process and search principle of dynamic programming function is proposed; then, based on triangle inequality, the bidirectional dynamic programming algorithm is utilized to do secondary optimization of track under different 2-D planning environments and different step lengths, the optimal strategy and the process of algorithm are presented; finally, the applicability and the optimal performance of this method is verified by the simulation comparison experiment.
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1,266 |
Please write an abstract with title: Reply to Comments on “Direct-Splitting-Based CN-FDTD for Modeling 2D Material Nanostructure Problems”, and key words: Finite difference methods, Time-domain analysis, Two dimensional displays, Sun, Nanostructured materials, Mathematical model, Frequency-domain analysis. Abstract: In this response letter, we focus on addressing Yu Hang Yang's comments so that the correctness and validity of the proposed auxiliary-differential-equation-based (ADE) Crank-Nicolson finite-difference time-domain method with direct-splitting technique (CNDS-FDTD) are demonstrated. Moreover, related applications in modeling 2D material nanostructure problems are shown.
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1,267 |
Please write an abstract with title: Advanced Clustering of Flow-Based Domains for Adequacy Study Purposes, and key words: Phase measurement, Clustering methods, Europe, Clustering algorithms, Power systems. Abstract: The cross-border capacities are prominent input data in the adequacy assessment of an interconnected electric power system. In order to incorporate the interconnection capacities through the Flow-Based (FB) domains in the adequacy assessments of the Central Western Europe (CWE) electricity system, the main challenge lies in the dependence of FB domains on factors that are unknown over the long-term horizon of the adequacy study. To tackle this challenge, the CWE Transmission System Operators (TSOs) employ a two-step methodology, which consists in first clustering the FB domains, then correlating the obtained FB clusters with relevant factors. This paper focuses on the first step of the methodology and studies advanced clustering techniques to improve the partition of FB domains. To this end, different dedicated distance measures, clustering approaches and cluster validation metrics are proposed. Our clustering studies conducted on the historical FB domains demonstrate that the fuzzy clustering technique in combination with the proposed dissimilarity (distance) measure lead to the cluster results, which are considerably improved with respect to the ones obtained by the application of k-medoids clustering method and Hausdorff distance, traditionally used by the TSOs.
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1,268 |
Please write an abstract with title: Silicon photonics, and key words: Silicon, Photonics, Optical devices, Nanostructures, Optical interconnections, Information processing, Bandwidth, Delay, Propulsion, Nanoscale devices. Abstract: Summary form only given. The convergence of electronics and photonics in a monolithic silicon platform brings about unprecedented information processing capacity. Silicon photonics yields a scalable solution to the anticipated barriers of interconnection bandwidth and latency, input/output density, and electronics/photonics partitioning. This is further propelled by our theoretical understanding of optical nanostructures from first-principles and by successes in nanoscale optical device nanofabrication, from which we can now practically prescribe the properties of synthetic optical nanostructures. We discuss a specific example of a silicon optical nanostructure, which exhibits the possibility of large-scale CMOS deployment of the resulting silicon nanophotonics technology.
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1,269 |
Please write an abstract with title: Ocean Color Modeling in the Central Red Sea Using Oceanographical Observation and Simulated Parameters, and key words: Ocean temperature, Image color analysis, Atmospheric modeling, Sea surface, Meters, Predictive models, Biological system modeling. Abstract: The summer phytoplankton bloom events have been recently investigated using remote sensing observations over several geographical areas of the Red Sea and changed our impression of its oligotrophic characteristic. However, only limited blooms events were recorded due to active dust storms limiting the observations. This work focuses on predicting the potential bloom events in the central region of the Red Sea, indicated by the chlorophyll- a values, through the machine learning models built from the simulated and observed oceanographical parameters. Four subregions showing active eddy activities are selected to generate modeling datasets in the Case-1 waters (water depth > 300 meters) for each region. Automated model selection and tuning are performed among different candidate supervised models including linear regression, trees models, ensemble models and deep neural networks (101 in total). The ensemble models (random decision forest and bootstrap decision forest) outperform others in showing effective performance in estimating chlorophyll-a values with ( ) of the training and ( ) of the testing processes, respectively. This work shows the potential applications to use a machine learning model to reconstruct missing ocean color observations, as well as revealing the oceanographical mechanism to induce phytoplankton growth in the Red Sea.
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1,270 |
Please write an abstract with title: A near-optimal multiuser detector for MC-CDMA systems using geometrical approach, and key words: Detectors, Multicarrier code division multiple access, Decoding, Detection algorithms, Computational complexity, Parallel processing, Singular value decomposition, Matrix decomposition, Equations, Multiuser detection. Abstract: An efficient sub-optimal algorithm, called HIS (hyperplane intersection and selection) detection algorithm, is proposed to solve the problem of joint detection of K users in an MC-CDMA system. Compared to existing solutions, the proposed algorithm has three characteristics very attractive for practical. systems. Firstly, it has nearly optimal performance. Secondly, it has a low computational complexity - O(K/sup 2/) multiplications and O(K/sup 3/) additions. Third, the algorithm has an inherent parallelism. To our knowledge, the HIS algorithm is not just an add-on to an existing algorithm, but rather a new decoding technique based on a singular value decomposition of the channel matrix, H. After giving the equation of the MC-CDMA multi-user detection problem, the HIS algorithm is described. Its performance is compared to known existing algorithms (ZF, MMSE, PIC and sphere decoding). For a BER as low as 10/sup -4/, the HIS algorithm introduces only 0.2 dB degradation compared to the optimal sphere decoding algorithm for K=16 users against 3.8 dB for the PIC algorithm with two MMSE stages.
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1,271 |
Please write an abstract with title: Comments on "Maximum Efficiency of a Two Arm Waveguide Junction [Correspondence], and key words: Waveguide junctions, Impedance, Circuits, Conductors, Prototypes, Resonator filters, Coaxial components, Resonance, Bandwidth, Band pass filters. Abstract: In connection with a recent communication by Beatty I wish to advise you that we have been studying the two-arm dissipative waveguide junction in our laboratory. Two years ago I published a new demonstration of Deschamp's method for measuring scattering coefficients and the general properties of those coefficients.
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1,272 |
Please write an abstract with title: Using multiscale top points in image matching, and key words: Image matching, Extraterrestrial measurements, Euclidean distance, Space technology, Clouds, Transportation, Earth, Biomedical measurements, Biomedical imaging, Image analysis. Abstract: We discuss the feasibility of using singular points in a scale space representation (referred to as top points) for image matching purposes. These points are easily extracted from the scale space of an image and they form a compact description of the image. The image matching problem thus becomes a point cloud matching problem. This is related to the transportation problem known from linear optimization and we solve it by using an earth mover's distance algorithm. To match points in scale space, a distance measure is needed, as Euclidean distance no longer applies. We suggest a metric that can be used in scale space and show that it indeed performs better than a Euclidean distance measure. To distinguish between stable and unstable top points, we derive a stability norm based on the total variation norm which only depends on the second order derivatives at the top point. To improve matching results further, we show that other features at the top points can also increase the accuracy of matching.
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1,273 |
Please write an abstract with title: FM EMF sensors, and key words: Acoustic sensors, Antenna measurements, Optoelectronic and photonic sensors, Magnetic field measurement, Optical transmitters, Electrostatic measurements, Frequency, Dipole antennas, Optical scattering, Optical sensors. Abstract: The development of the photonic sensors for electromagnetic field measurements is presented. The first applications were limited to telemetry only. An advantage of photonic sensors is the preserved spectral and phase information. An improvement in the sensors' sensitivity is illustrated with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and internal FM modulation of a laser with heterodyne detection. A concept of the sensor with a Fabry-Perot filter as a wideband frequency discriminator is introduced.
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1,274 |
Please write an abstract with title: Agent based computing basic architecture (ABCBA), and key words: Computer architecture, Open systems, Mobile agents, Intelligent agent, Collaboration, Middleware, Network servers, Mobile computing, Computer networks, Mobile communication. Abstract: After the persistent practice in the 1990's, using "open system" idea to integrate large-scale computer systems has been common practice. The new mechanism based on mobile agent is focused and the core architecture called common agent request broker architecture (CARBA) is established in order to embody intelligent collaboration in the next generation open system ABCBA. Then the extension of ABCBA in nomadic environment and validation of ABCBA openness is discussed. In the end, experiment results are given out.
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1,275 |
Please write an abstract with title: Air Quality Prediction Based on Integrated Dual LSTM Model, and key words: Air quality, Atmospheric modeling, Predictive models, Data models, Meteorology, Time series analysis, Forecasting. Abstract: Air quality prediction is an important reference for meteorological forecast and air controlling, but over fitting often occurs in prediction algorithms based on a single model. Aiming at the complexity of air quality prediction, a prediction method based on integrated dual LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) model was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the Seq2Seq (Sequence to Sequence) technology is used to establish a single-factor prediction model which can obtain the predicted value of each component in air quality data, independently. Each component of air quality is regarded as time series data in the forecasting process. Then, the LSTM model with attention mechanism is used as the multi-factor prediction model. The influencing factors of air quality, like the data of neighboring stations and weather data, are considered in the model. Finally, XGBoosting (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) tree is used to integrate two models. The final prediction results can be obtained by accumulating the predicted values of the optimal subtree nodes. Through evaluation and analysis using five evaluation methods, the proposed method has better performance in terms of error and model expression power. Compared with other various models, the precision of prediction data has been greatly improved in our model.
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1,276 |
Please write an abstract with title: ContextFL: Context-aware Federated Learning by Estimating the Training and Reporting Phases of Mobile Clients, and key words: Training, Multi-access edge computing, Federated learning, Processor scheduling, Computational modeling, Prediction algorithms, Stability analysis. Abstract: Federated Learning (FL) suffers from Low-quality model training in mobile edge computing, due to the dynamic environment of mobile clients. To the best of our knowledge, most FL frameworks follow the reactive client scheduling, in which the FL parameter server selects participants according to the currently-observed state of clients. Thus, the participants selected by the reactive-manner methods are very likely to fail while training a round of FL. To this end, we propose a proactive Context-aware Federated Learning (ContextFL) mechanism, which consists of two primary modules. Firstly, the state prediction module enables each client device to predict the conditions of both local training and reporting phases of FL locally. Secondly, the decision-making algorithm module is devised using the contextual Multi-Armed Bandit (cMAB) framework, which can help the parameter server select the most appropriate group of mobile clients. Finally, we carried out trace-driven FL experiments using real-world mobility datasets collected from volunteers. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed ContextFL mechanism outperforms other baselines in terms of the convergence stability of the global FL model and the ratio of valid participants.
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1,277 |
Please write an abstract with title: Demonstration of a wide band RF photonic transversal phase-shifter, and key words: Wideband, Radio frequency, Delay effects, Optical fiber couplers, Stability, Microwave devices, Bandwidth, Phased arrays, Broadband antennas, Optical reflection. Abstract: A transversal phase-shifter using multiple MZMs is demonstrated. The device exhibits continuously variable phase-shift exceeding 360/spl deg/ at 2 GHz and amplitude uniformity within 3 dB over 0.2-2 GHz. The device stability and practicality are discussed.
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1,278 |
Please write an abstract with title: The Gesture Recognition of Optical Microfiber Sensors, and key words: Integrated optics, Deep learning, Biomedical optical imaging, Gesture recognition, Optical network units, Sensor systems, Optical sensors. Abstract: An array of polymer-encapsulated U-shaped microfiber (UMF) is attached to a glove for sensitive finger motion detection. Based on the perturbed radius of curvature, the amount of intensity change caused by bending can be directly obtained. The anisotropic strain response of UMF is measured with a sensitivity of 8.2 (2.1) in the x-direction (y-direction). We also develop a deep learning network (VGGNet) to process the optical signals for analyzing and classifying hand gestures. The experiments show that VGGNet has high recognition accuracy of 98% for the test datasets with ten classified gestures.
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1,279 |
Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning based Estimation of Room Occupancy Using Non-Intrusive Sensors, and key words: Support vector machines, Machine learning algorithms, Sensitivity, Supervised learning, Sensitivity and specificity, Classification algorithms, Telecommunication computing. Abstract: Buildings use a lot of energy to heat, ventilate, and cool. Making them demand-driven based on human occupancy is one way to improve their efficiency. Supervised learning approaches such as Multiclass Support Vector Machine (MSVM), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Bagged Tree (BT) were used in this study to focus on a variety of different combinations of feature sets. Furthermore, we evaluated the performance of our models using a range of performance measures which, includes accuracy, specificity, precision, sensitivity, and the F-measure. The results of the trials reveal that determining the largest number of individuals in a room can be done with 99.7% accuracy, excellent sensitivity, and specificity.
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1,280 |
Please write an abstract with title: Fusing images with different focuses using support vector machines, and key words: Focusing, Support vector machines, Discrete wavelet transforms, Layout, Image edge detection, Image segmentation, Lenses, Image fusion, Wavelet coefficients, Signal representations. Abstract: Many vision-related processing tasks, such as edge detection, image segmentation and stereo matching, can be performed more easily when all objects in the scene are in good focus. However, in practice, this may not be always feasible as optical lenses, especially those with long focal lengths, only have a limited depth of field. One common approach to recover an everywhere-in-focus image is to use wavelet-based image fusion. First, several source images with different focuses of the same scene are taken and processed with the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Among these wavelet decompositions, the wavelet coefficient with the largest magnitude is selected at each pixel location. Finally, the fused image can be recovered by performing the inverse DWT. In this paper, we improve this fusion procedure by applying the discrete wavelet frame transform (DWFT) and the support vector machines (SVM). Unlike DWT, DWFT yields a translation-invariant signal representation. Using features extracted from the DWFT coefficients, a SVM is trained to select the source image that has the best focus at each pixel location, and the corresponding DWFT coefficients are then incorporated into the composite wavelet representation. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the traditional approach both visually and quantitatively.
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1,281 |
Please write an abstract with title: Several properties of short LDPC codes, and key words: Parity check codes, Iterative decoding, Turbo codes, Convolutional codes, Upper bound, Additive white noise, NASA, Block codes, Communications Society, Computer science. Abstract: In this paper, we present several properties on minimum distance(d/sub min/) and girth(G/sub min/) in Tanner graphs for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with small left degrees. We show that the distance growth of (2, 4) LDPC codes is too slow to achieve the desired performance. We further give a tight upper bound on the maximum possible girth. The numerical results show that codes with large G/sub min/ could outperform the average performance of regular ensembles of the LDPC codes over binary symmetric channels. The same codes perform about 1.5 dB away from the sphere-packing bound on additive white Gaussian noise channels.
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1,282 |
Please write an abstract with title: On HARQ Schemes in Satellite-Terrestrial Transmissions, and key words: Receivers, Fading channels, Wireless communication, Throughput, Reliability, Protocols, Satellites. Abstract: As an efficient supplement for terrestrial communications, e.g., fifth-generation communication networks, satellite communication has been proved as a promising choice to realize seamless coverage, due to its inherent superiority over common wireless communication systems, like large-scale coverage area and flexibility of deployment. In this article, a satellite-terrestrial transmission (STT) system including a satellite transmitter (S) and a group of terrestrial receivers (D) is focused on. Considering the randomness of D and employing stochastic geometry, the outage performance and diversity gain of three hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) schemes, generalized slotted ALOHA (GSA), repetition time diversity (RTD) and general incremental redundancy (IR), are respectively studied. In detail, the exact closed-form analytical expression for the outage probability (OP) is derived for the GSA scheme, while the approximated expression for the OP of RTD scheme is presented and a useful expression for the OP of IR scheme is derived. Furthermore, the diversity gains of the three considered HARQ schemes are respectively investigated in STT scenarios. Finally, some numerical results are provided to validate the proposed analysis models.
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1,283 |
Please write an abstract with title: Singly diagonally implicit multivalue collocation methods, and key words: Integral equations, Differential equations, Convergence, Numerical stability, Stability criteria. Abstract: The purpose of this work is to derive a family of multivalue collocation methods for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations. The methods are characterized by a lower triangular coefficient matrix of the nonlinear system for the computation of the stages, with all equal diagonal entries. Such structure can be exploited in order to obtain an efficient implementation. The constructed methods are A-stable and have a uniform order of convergence.
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1,284 |
Please write an abstract with title: Multi-agent Interactive Prediction under Challenging Driving Scenarios, and key words: Roads, Urban areas, Prediction methods, Robustness, Vehicle dynamics, Autonomous vehicles, Standards. Abstract: In order to drive safely on the road, autonomous vehicles are expected to predict future outcomes of its surrounding environment and react properly. In fact, many researchers have been focused on solving behavioral prediction problems for autonomous vehicles. However, very few of them consider multi-agent prediction under challenging driving scenarios such as urban environments. In this paper, we proposed a prediction method that is able to predict various complicated driving scenarios where heterogeneous road entities, signal lights, and static map information are taken into account. Moreover, the proposed multi-agent interactive prediction (MAIP) system is capable of simultaneously predicting any number of road entities while considering their mutual interactions. A case study of a simulated challenging urban intersection scenario is provided to demonstrate the performance and capability of the proposed prediction system.
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1,285 |
Please write an abstract with title: Service Restoration for Distribution System via Monte-Carlo Tree Search and Learned Model, and key words: Training, Analytical models, Monte Carlo methods, Computational modeling, Neural networks, Urban areas, Numerical simulation. Abstract: Power outage in urban area carry heavy social and economic costs. Conventional service restoration method focused on the optimization model with ideal condition, which leaves much scope for improvement in complex environment. To improve robustness of model, we proposed a reinforcement framework to analyze emergency commanding process without prior rules considering the complexity and computing speed in actual needs. At each time step, the optimal decision is made by conducting Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) with a learned model. In this framework, the approach can sequentially make decisions for service restoration without relying on prior rules. The numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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1,286 |
Please write an abstract with title: MICS transceivers: regulatory standards and applications [medical implant communications service], and key words: Microwave integrated circuits, Transceivers, Communication standards, Medical diagnostic imaging, Mobile communication, FCC, Land mobile radio, Radio spectrum management, Auditory implants, Pacemakers. Abstract: The medical implant communications service (MICS) is an ultra-low power, unlicensed, mobile radio service for transmitting data in support of diagnostic or therapeutic functions associated with implanted medical devices. The US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocated the 402-405 MHz frequency band for MICS operations on a shared, secondary basis in 1999. Although it is a fairly new standard, its usage is rapidly increasing in medical implant devices such as cardiac pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, neurostimulators, hearing aids and automated drug delivery systems. This paper reviews the regulatory standards and the characteristics of MICS transceivers.
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1,287 |
Please write an abstract with title: Improved Lightweight Encryption Algorithm (ILEA), and key words: Ciphers, Encryption, C++ languages, Software algorithms, Mixers. Abstract: Lightweight cryptography concept has been a very hot topic for the last few years and considered as a new domain of encryption suitable for big data networks, small devices, phones, cards and embedded systems. These systems require low latency security and low power consuming [1]. An improved lightweight encryption algorithm ILEA is proposed in this paper. ILEA is based on PRINCE lightweight algorithm as his main core with two defacing balanced mixing layers added. ILEA presented in two programming languages: PYTHON, C++ with a comparative study with original PRINCE results and some of another lightweight algorithms.
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1,288 |
Please write an abstract with title: Experimental Studies of the Block of Hydraulic Control of Distributors, and key words: Regulators, Hydraulic systems, Regulation, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: The article discusses the test results of three modernized hydraulic control units. During the experiments, hydraulic units were refined with subsequent refinement tests. The following research results were obtained: a characteristic of the dependence of the differential pressure on the flow rate, the dependence of the reduction pressure on the angle of the handle, pressure drops in the working bends of the control unit, etc. Analysis of the results and comparison with theoretical calculation showed that there are three main types of adjustment characteristics: parallel theoretical - with laminar flow, three-zone and quadratic - with turbulent mode.
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1,289 |
Please write an abstract with title: An invariant parameter in linear estimation and control, and key words: Parameter estimation, Stochastic processes, Polynomials, Filters, Control systems, Stochastic systems, Linear systems, Feedback, Filtering. Abstract: An invariant parameter for the joint observer-controller design, the forward and backward Kalman-Bucy (KB) filter, and the LQG control problem is obtained. Next the balancedness in balanced realizations is interpreted from the invariant parameter viewpoint. It is shown that in general a balanced realization does not lead to a balanced observer-controller design. Also the concept of continuous-time balanced stochastic realization is developed.
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1,290 |
Please write an abstract with title: CT Based Histogram Assisted Emphysema Severity Quantification, and key words: Histograms, Statistical analysis, Computed tomography, Pulmonary diseases, Lung, Attenuation, Lesions. Abstract: Emphysema is defined as loss of lung tissue and considered one of the main reasons for causing COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). Thus a proper differentiation between emphysematous and healthy lung tissues is a big necessity. This paper aims to discuss a novel approach to assess the emphysema severity through chest CT image analysis. From the histogram of the segmented lung region of a chest CT image a single intensity threshold in Hounsfield Units (HU) is taken into account to determine the relative no. of pixels with low attenuation values below it. This parameter has been widely used to measure the severity of emphysema from CT images. The study considers RA-910 HU, the pixel index or emphysema index as the intensity threshold to measure the proportion of pixels with densities or attenuation values or HU lesser than it, which usually refer to regions contributing emphysema. CT images of 5 subjects (both COPD and non-COPD smokers and non-smokers) were processed and used for quantitative analysis in this study to get a fundamental hold of the degree of severity of emphysema.
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1,291 |
Please write an abstract with title: A Wideband and High-Gain 60-GHz 2 × 8 Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna Array, and key words: Radio frequency, Couplings, Slot antennas, Dipole antennas, Magnetoelectric effects, Broadband antennas, Wideband. Abstract: This work designs a wideband and high-gain 60GHz antenna array. For bandwidth improvement, paired shorted patches were added to the SIW (Substrate-integrated waveguide) slots to form a magneto-electric dipole antenna array. The 1 × 2 magneto-electric dipole array designed in this way achieved a simulated bandwidth of 26.4% and a gain of 9.21 dBi. For further gain enhancement, a SIW parallel eight-way feed network was designed to complete a 2 × 8 magneto-electric dipole antenna array. The simulated results achieved a wide bandwidth of 21.9% and a high gain of 17.3 dBi at 60 GHz.
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1,292 |
Please write an abstract with title: Monitoring adjustment based on current data of an IoT-COTS monitor for environmental chemical analysis, and key words: Decision making, Market research, Stability analysis, Sensor systems, Regulation, Sensors, Sustainable development. Abstract: Monitoring the concentration of a pollutant in an environmental matrix should record both a baseline and sudden variations. This requires a monitoring system whose working frequency can also adapt to stable periods or rapid changes. In this work, a monitor control is developed in which the frequency of actions is adjusted with the data trend obtained in each of the stages that involves chemical monitoring. The interdependence of the stages and the data management are fundamental parts in the design of the MOLABS system, an IoT-COTS monitor optimized for the evaluation of nitrates in water.
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1,293 |
Please write an abstract with title: Performance Analysis and Design of MIMO Power NOMA With Estimated Parameters Error Statistics Along With SIC and Hardware Imperfections, and key words: NOMA, Silicon carbide, Channel estimation, Antennas, Hardware, Receivers, Error analysis. Abstract: In this work, we propose to design and subsequently analyze the performance of a power non-orthogonal multiple access (power-NOMA) system, having multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas with the consideration of various imperfection statistics. Three key issues emerge, while NOMA is in place. The first one is the user order mismatch due to estimated channel, which impacts the NOMA performance. The second one is the imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) at the receiver, which impacts the interference cancellation at the NOMA receiver. The third issue is the imperfection arising due to hardware circuits, which include fixed-pointed digital logic, analog and radio frequency (RF) circuits. To some extent, these issues have been addressed in bits and pieces in the context of single antenna power NOMA design, however they have not been addressed all together in the context of MIMO power NOMA. There are several key contributory aspects in this work. Key part is the exploitation of these parameter estimation error statistics along with the imperfections in transceiver hardware chains and SIC at the receiver. We propose a MIMO NOMA based on the maximum sum-rate criterion. An analytical framework has been presented in this regard. Numerical results demonstrate that the consideration of these error statistics improves the overall sum-rate performance.
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1,294 |
Please write an abstract with title: Composite Hybrid Energy Storage System utilizing Capacitive Coupling for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles, and key words: Couplings, Chemistry, Simulation, Prototypes, DC-DC power converters, Supercapacitors, Contactors. Abstract: An innovative architecture is presented that combines energy-dense and power-dense battery packs through a supercapacitor that provides capacitive coupling and a low-power DC-DC converter that provides energy balancing. A sizing algorithm is developed to optimize the design of such systems for plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles (PHEVs and BEVs). The proposed composite architecture extends vehicle range and battery lifetime by fully utilizing the capabilities of energy-dense and power-dense battery chemistries. A power-dense battery is coupled to an energy-dense battery using a small supercapacitor module that naturally distributes the system current between the two packs, requiring no additional contactors or full-power processing DC-DC converters. The proposed algorithm provides a tool for designing the composite architecture to achieve maximum weight reduction under given conditions for both ideal and practical scenarios. A design example is provided based on a PHEV with 68-mile range using the US06 drive cycle. The design achieved a 42% weight reduction when compared to a similar design with a conventional single chemistry battery system. Experimental results of a 1.5 kW, 0.2 kWh small-scale prototype with 25 Ah NMC and 2.9 Ah LTO battery cells and a 30 F supercapacitor verify the natural distribution of system current between the energy-dense and power-dense packs.
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1,295 |
Please write an abstract with title: The wide sense time-frequency representation based on the wavelet and its relation with Cohen's class, and key words: Time frequency analysis, Wavelet domain, Kernel, Wavelet analysis, Frequency domain analysis, Fractals, Paper technology, Stochastic resonance, Noise generators, Signal processing algorithms. Abstract: This paper analyzes the bilinear TFR based on the WT, and the relation between the scalograms, VWS and Cohen's class. Furthermore, the scalograms are classified into the Cohen's class, and then the WT is generalized to TF domain (scalograms), ambiguity domain (wavelet AF) and frequency/frequency delay domain (wavelet SCF). The WSCF's characteristics of mono-frequency, dual-frequency, WGN, and fractal stochastic noise are analyzed. The research shows that the WSCF have the similar characteristics with the SCF in many aspects, but especially for fractal noise, the WSCF have high quality of interference-rejection, which is advantageous for signal processing at the presence of fractal noise. Finally, a dense algorithm of discrete of WT is introduced to the computation of WS TFR based on the WT.
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1,296 |
Please write an abstract with title: Signal processors for isolated word recognition, and key words: Signal processing, Vocabulary, CMOS process, Speech recognition, Microphones, Filter bank, Circuits, Low pass filters, Adders, Clocks. Abstract: A CMOS signal processor capable of recognizing 95% of small vocabularies independent of the speaker will be reported. An analog preprocessor chip for feature extraction followed by a pipelined digital processor for template matching comprise the chip set.
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1,297 |
Please write an abstract with title: Spiking Adaptive Dynamic Programming Based on Poisson Process for Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems, and key words: Process control, Control systems, Optimal control, Maximum likelihood estimation, Performance analysis, Dynamic programming, Nonlinear systems. Abstract: In this article, a new iterative spiking adaptive dynamic programming (SADP) method based on the Poisson process is developed to solve optimal impulsive control problems. For a fixed time interval, combining the Poisson process and the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), the three-tuple of state, spiking interval, and probability of Poisson distribution can be computed, and then, the iterative value functions and iterative control laws can be obtained. A property analysis method is developed to show that the value functions converge to optimal performance index function as the iterative index increases from zero to infinity. Finally, two simulation examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the developed algorithm.
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1,298 |
Please write an abstract with title: Image-to-Graph Convolutional Network for 2D/3D Deformable Model Registration of Low-Contrast Organs, and key words: Shape, Three-dimensional displays, Strain, Deformable models, Image reconstruction, Optimization, Feature extraction. Abstract: Organ shape reconstruction based on a single-projection image during treatment has wide clinical scope, e.g., in image-guided radiotherapy and surgical guidance. We propose an image-to-graph convolutional network that achieves deformable registration of a three-dimensional (3D) organ mesh for a low-contrast two-dimensional (2D) projection image. This framework enables simultaneous training of two types of transformation: from the 2D projection image to a displacement map, and from the sampled per-vertex feature to a 3D displacement that satisfies the geometrical constraint of the mesh structure. Assuming application to radiation therapy, the 2D/3D deformable registration performance is verified for multiple abdominal organs that have not been targeted to date, i.e., the liver, stomach, duodenum, and kidney, and for pancreatic cancer. The experimental results show shape prediction considering relationships among multiple organs can be used to predict respiratory motion and deformation from digitally reconstructed radiographs with clinically acceptable accuracy.
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1,299 |
Please write an abstract with title: Defense Against Query-Based Black-Box Attack With Small Gaussian-Noise, and key words: Analytical models, Perturbation methods, Gaussian noise, Text categorization, Predictive models, Data models, Robustness. Abstract: Although deep neural networks (DNNs) show un-precedented performance in various tasks, the vulnerability brought by adversarial samples to the models can incur security concerns, such as causing accidents by automatic driving, or in industrial manufacturing. Due to the discrete nature of textual data and the limitation of real-world access to the model, more and more attacks focus on iterative query attacks under black-box scenarios. The core idea is to query the models frequently to obtain the mapping relations between different input samples and the outputs, which guides the attack’s direction. Once we break down the input-output mapping relations, it will affect the attack’s query and local search process, which enables the defense against such attacks. With this motivation, we add tiny noise to the input samples to break the mapping relationship obtained by black-box attacks and we name the defense method as Gaussian Noise Perturbation Defence (GNPD). We analyze how the noise hinders the attack theoretically and demonstrate the effectiveness of the defense method on two datasets and three language models. The experimental results corroborate our analysis and our method has little impact to the performance of the original model.
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