Split (1)

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query_id stringlengths 32 32	query stringlengths 8 614	positive_passages listlengths 1 23	negative_passages listlengths 12 25	subset stringclasses 3 values
855abc88bdf2f7be9a2ec4520d45d78b	William Jennings Bryan served at least one term as a member of the United States House of Representatives.	[ { "docid": "68f769a44b892355b8717133a5e88c33", "text": "William Jennings Bryan William Jennings Bryan ( March 19 , 1860 -- July 26 , 1925 ) was an American orator and politician from Nebraska , and a dominant force in the populist wing of the Democratic Party , standing three times as the Party 's nominee for President of the United States ( 1896 , 1900 , and 1908 ) . He served two terms as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska and was United States Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson ( 1913 -- 1915 ) . He resigned because of his pacifist position on World War I. Bryan was a devout Presbyterian , a strong advocate of popular democracy , and an enemy of the banks and the gold standard . He demanded `` Free Silver '' because he believed it undermined the evil `` Money Power '' and put more cash in the hands of the common people . He was a peace advocate , a supporter of Prohibition , and an opponent of Darwinism on religious and humanitarian grounds . With his deep , commanding voice and wide travels , he was perhaps the best-known orator and lecturer of the era . Because of his faith in the wisdom of the common people , he was called `` The Great Commoner '' . In the intensely fought 1896 and 1900 elections , he was defeated by William McKinley but retained control of the Democratic Party . With over 500 speeches in 1896 , Bryan invented the national stumping tour in an era when other presidential candidates stayed home . In his three presidential bids , he promoted Free Silver in 1896 , anti-imperialism in 1900 , and trust-busting in 1908 , calling on Democrats to fight the trusts ( big corporations ) and big banks , and embrace anti-elitist ideals of republicanism . President Wilson appointed him Secretary of State in 1913 . After the Lusitania was torpedoed in 1915 , Wilson made strong demands on Germany that Bryan disagreed with , resigning in protest as a pacifist . After 1920 , he turned to Christian fundamentalism ; he supported Prohibition and attacked Darwinism and evolution , most famously at the Scopes Trial in 1925 in Tennessee . Five days after the conclusion of the Scopes case , Bryan died in his sleep .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0c1028fdfc5b14df4f17553b7819d2a8", "text": "Richard Crawford White Richard Crawford White ( April 29 , 1923 -- February 18 , 1998 ) was a Democratic politician from El Paso , Texas , who served in the Texas House of Representatives from 1955 to 1959 and in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1965 to 1983 . Born in El Paso , Texas , White graduated from Dudley Primary School , El Paso High School , and the Citizens ' Military Training Camp at San Antonio , Texas . Subsequently , from 1940 to 1942 , he attended the University of Texas at El Paso , then known as Texas Western College . After his second year of college , White began his World War II service from 1942 to 1945 in the United States Marine Corps as a rifleman and Japanese-English interpreter in the Pacific Theater . As a result of injuries suffered , he was awarded the Purple Heart . Returning to Texas after the war , White received his bachelor 's degree in 1946 from the University of Texas at Austin and his J.D. in 1949 from the University of Texas School of Law . He was admitted to the Texas state bar in 1949 and returned to El Paso to begin his legal career . He served two-year terms in the Texas House of Representatives , having been elected in 1954 and 1956 . He was the El Paso County Democratic chairman from 1963 to 1965 . He was elected to the historic Eighty-ninth Congress as part of the national 1964 Democratic surge linked to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson 's crushing defeat of Republican U.S. Senator Barry M. Goldwater of Arizona . White , who received more votes than Johnson did in the 16th District , played his part by unseating freshman Republican Ed Foreman of Odessa in the 16th Congressional District . During his first term , White represented a monstrous district stretching from El Paso all the way to the Permian Basin -- an area of over 42,000 square miles . However , after Texas ' congressional map was thrown out in Wesberry v. Sanders , his district was cut down to El Paso and a few inner-ring suburbs . He was reelected eight times from this district with almost no difficulty . As a U.S. representative , White developed a reputation as a moderate Democrat . He also chaired the Democratic Research Organization , a group within the party that distributed information from the leadership relevant to pending votes . Having Fort Bliss in the 16th Congressional District made White a natural choice for his place on the House Armed Services Committee . There he chaired the Military Personnel Subcommittee and was also instrumental in reorganization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . He also served for a while on the Interior , Post Office & Civil Service , and Science & Technology committees . Choosing not to run again in 1982 , White returned to his hometown of El Paso to resume his law practice . White was married twice . His first marriage in 1949 to Katherine Huffman produced three sons , Rodrick , Richard , and Raymond . After her death in 1972 , White married the former Kathleen Fitzgerald in 1973 . The second marriage produced one daughter , Bonnie , two sons , Sean and Brian , and one step-son , Kenneth . White died on February 18 , 1998 . His ashes are interred at Arlington National Cemetery , in Arlington , Virginia , near the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier , in area 7A .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37b337b84e6daf36331cc78a26e4d614", "text": "United States presidential election, 1836 The United States presidential election of 1836 was the 13th quadrennial presidential election , held from Thursday , November 3 , to Wednesday , December 7 , 1836 . As the third consecutive election victory for the Democratic Party , it ushered incumbent Vice President Martin Van Buren into the White House with 170 electoral votes to 124 electoral votes for William Henry Harrison and other Whigs . The popular vote was closer ; Martin Van Buren attracted 764,000 votes to the 738,000 won by the various Whig candidates . The election of 1836 is principally remembered for three distinctive circumstances : The Whig Party ran four candidates in different parts of the country in hopes that each would be popular enough to defeat Democrat Martin Van Buren in their respective region . The strategy failed , but had three of the four received more electoral votes then Van Buren , it would have been left to the House of Representatives to decide between the competing Whig candidates . Richard Mentor Johnson became the first ( and to date only ) Vice President elected by the United States Senate . Although pledged to Van Buren and Johnson ( his running mate ) , Virginia 's 23 electors refused to vote for Johnson , which left him one electoral vote short of the 148-vote majority required to be elected . As such , it was left to the Senate to decide between the top two vote recipient recipients , Johnson and Francis Granger . Johnson was elected on the first ballot 33 to 16 . This was the last election until the 1988 election ( of George H. W. Bush ) in which the incumbent Vice President was elected to succeed the president under whom he served . The election of 1836 also marked an important turning point in American political history because of the part it played in establishing the Second Party System . In the 1830s the political party structure was still changing , rapidly , the Democratic Party was organized , but factional and personal leaders still played a major role in politics . By the end of the campaign of 1836 , the new party system was almost complete , as nearly every faction had been absorbed by either the Democrats or the Whigs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4dd3102fd5f9365736ea3a89f16e27", "text": "Conscience Whigs The `` Conscience '' Whigs were a faction of the Whig Party in the state of Massachusetts noted for their moral opposition to slavery . They were noted as opponents of the more conservative `` Cotton '' Whigs who dominated the state party , led by such figures as Edward Everett , Robert C. Winthrop , and Abbott Lawrence , whose close association with the New England textile industry led them to de-emphasize the slavery issue . Leaders of the `` Conscience Whigs '' included Charles Sumner , Henry Wilson , and Charles Francis Adams . The group split from the Whig party in 1848 , when the national party nominated the slave-owning General Zachary Taylor for President , and played a role in the creation of the new Free Soil Party , which nominated Adams for Vice President on a ticket with anti-slavery former Democratic President Martin Van Buren . Following the failure of the Free Soil Party in the election that year , most Conscience Whigs would return to the Whig fold . More followed after the Compromise of 1850 temporarily neutralized the issue of slavery . During the mid 1850s , several Conscience leaders played an important role later in the foundation of the Republican Party . The term `` Conscience Whig '' is sometimes used more broadly to refer to Whigs in other states noted for their opposition to slavery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e463eed134d8794d5f324b8335ea06fa", "text": "Martin F. Conway Martin Franklin Conway ( November 19 , 1827 -- February 15 , 1882 ) was a U.S. congressman , consul to France , abolitionist , and advocate of the Free-State movement in Kansas . Conway was born in Harford County , Maryland , the son of Dr. W. D. Conway and Frances ( Maulsby ) Conway . His father was an Exploring Surveyor in the United States Navy , and a slave-owner . Conway learned the printer 's trade in Baltimore after leaving school at fourteen and ( 1 ) became an organizer of the National Typographical Union . Find more about formation of the union from the book Origin and Progress of the Typographical Union by John McVicar , pub 1891 . Do a google book search and see page 7 for M F Conway 's `` election as chairman of the executive committee at the first national convention of journeyman printers of the United States '' . He married Emily Dykes in 1851 , and studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1852 . Conway moved to the Kansas Territory in 1854 , initially working as a special correspondent for the Baltimore Sun . He soon resumed the practice of law and became involved in territorial politics . In March 1855 , Conway was elected from Riley County to the first Territorial Council ( Senate ) , but resigned prior to assuming his seat . In 1855 , he was an active member at the Free-State meeting in Big Springs and became a delegate to the Topeka Constitutional convention . In January 1856 , he was elected Chief Justice of the Supreme Court under the Topeka constitution . In 1858 , he served as president of the Leavenworth Constitutional Convention . See 1859 Letter of Thomas H. Webb , Secretary of the New England Emigrant Aid Company warning Conway of persons in Boston spreading rumors about him . From online archives of Territorial Kansas History . The following year , Conway was elected as representative to the U.S. Congress under the Wyandotte Constitution and , when Kansas entered the Union in January 1861 , he was the new state 's first congressman , serving as a Republican until March 3 , 1863 . Conway Speech in the House of Representatives . New York Times . `` Making New States '' 1862 Find more speeches by Conway from Cornell University , Samuel J May Anti-Slavery Collection . Samuel J May Anti-Slavery Collection See Conway , Martin F listed alphabetically . See mention of Martin F Conway in personal letter of John Swinton , managing editor of the New York Times , to Walt Whitman , 25 February 1863 , at WALT WHITMAN ARCHIVES Note : The Emancipation Proclamation went into effect on January 1 , 1863 . Conway spent the day in Massachusetts with Ralph Waldo Emerson , William Lloyd Garrison , Wendell Phillips , and Julia Ward Howe . That month put forth a resolution in Congress to recognize the Confederacy then wage war on the south as war between nations . While in the U.S. House of Representatives , he was known for his opposition to slavery but also served as a member of the Washington , D.C. `` peace convention '' in an effort to avert civil war . He was not returned to congress for another term , but later defended President Andrew Johnson against political assaults waged by Radical Republicans in Congress . In June 1866 , Johnson appointed the former Kansas congressman as consul to Marseille , France . While living in Washington , during the fall of 1873 , Conway had a violent confrontation with personal and political enemy , Samuel C. Pomeroy , the former U. S. senator from Kansas . ( Read about Pomeroy , bribery scandal . More research and material from the period needed here . ) He was arrested for firing three shots at and slightly wounding Pomeroy , but did not stand trial . Conway became a patient at St. Elizabeth , the Government Hospital for the Insane in Washington , D.C. , -LSB- note : There are indications of some intrigue surrounding his residence there . An area for more research . -RSB- Read comments of a friend who visited Conway and spoke to `` an eminent physician in Washington '' about his condition in The Kansas Memorial : A Report of the Old Settlers Meeting Held at Bismark Grove , Kansas , September 15 and 16 , 1879 . ( See page 129 - Letter from Martin F Conway and preceding paragraph . ) Edited by Charles S. Gleed . Available at the New York Public Library ( off-site . The Kansas Memorial . and died at age fifty-two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3410eb305efc711d047de6df9741772", "text": "John Breckinridge (U.S. Attorney General) John Breckinridge ( December 2 , 1760 -- December 14 , 1806 ) was a lawyer and politician from the U.S. state of Virginia . He served in the state legislatures of Virginia and Kentucky before being elected to the U.S. Senate and appointed United States Attorney General during the second term of President Thomas Jefferson . He is the progenitor of Kentucky 's Breckinridge political family and the namesake of Breckinridge County , Kentucky . Breckinridge 's father was a local politician , and his mother was a member of the Preston political family . Breckinridge attended the William and Mary College intermittently between 1780 and 1784 ; his attendance was interrupted by the Revolutionary War and his election to the Virginia House of Delegates . One of the youngest members of that body , his political activities acquainted him with many prominent politicians . In 1785 , he married `` Polly '' Cabell , a member of the Cabell political family . Despite making a comfortable living through a combination of legal and agricultural endeavors , letters from relatives in Kentucky convinced him to move to the western frontier . He established `` Cabell 's Dale '' , his plantation , near Lexington , Kentucky , in 1793 . Breckinridge was appointed as the state 's attorney general soon after arriving . In November 1797 , he resigned and was elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives the next month . As a legislator , he secured passage of a more humane criminal code that abolished the death penalty for all offenses except first-degree murder . On a 1798 trip to Virginia , an intermediary gave him Thomas Jefferson 's Kentucky Resolutions , which denounced the Alien and Sedition Acts . At Jefferson 's request , Breckinridge assumed credit for the modified resolutions he shepherded through the Kentucky General Assembly ; Jefferson 's authorship was not discovered until after Breckinridge 's death . He opposed calling a state constitutional convention in 1799 but was elected as a delegate . Due to his influence , the state 's government remained comparatively aristocratic , maintaining protections for slavery and limiting the power of the electorate . Called the father of the resultant constitution , he emerged from the convention as the acknowledged leader of the state 's Democratic-Republican Party and was selected Speaker of the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1799 and 1800 . Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1800 , Breckinridge functioned as Jefferson 's floor leader , guiding administration bills through the chamber that was narrowly controlled by his party . Residents of the western frontier called for his nomination as vice president in 1804 , but Jefferson appointed him as U.S. Attorney General in 1805 instead . He was the first cabinet-level official from the West but had little impact before his death from tuberculosis on December 14 , 1806 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49456b382af9895029efd40c0f9b5e4f", "text": "David Jennings (congressman) David Jennings ( 1787 -- 1834 ) was a United States Representative from Ohio . Born in Readington Township , New Jersey , Jennings attended the public schools . He moved to St. Clairsville , Ohio , in 1812 . He studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1813 , and commenced practice in St. Clairsville . Jennings held several local offices , and served as prosecuting attorney of Belmont County from 1815 to 1825 . He served as member of the State senate from 1819 to 1824 . Jennings was elected as a pro-Adams Republican to the Nineteenth Congress and served from March 4 , 1825 , until his resignation on May 25 , 1826 . He died in Baltimore , Maryland , in 1834 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1580fad2f4cfb9aab9ac957ba519b5a3", "text": "Slave Power The Slave Power or Slaveocracy was the perceived political power in the U.S. federal government held by slave owners during the 1840s and 1850s , prior to the Civil War . Antislavery campaigners during this period bitterly complained about what they saw as disproportionate and corrupt influence wielded by wealthy Southerners . The argument was that this small group of rich slave owners had seized political control of their own states and were trying to take over the federal government in an illegitimate fashion in order to expand and protect slavery . The argument was widely used by the Republican Party that formed in 1854 -- 55 to oppose the expansion of slavery . The main issue expressed by the term slave power was distrust of the political power of the slave-owning class . Such distrust was shared by many who were not abolitionists ; those who were motivated more by a possible threat to the political balance or the impossibility of competing with unwaged slave labor , than by concern over the treatment of slaves . Those who differed on many other issues ( such as hating blacks or liking them , denouncing slavery as a sin or promising to guarantee its protection in the Deep South ) could unite to attack the slaveocracy . The `` Free Soil '' element emphasized that rich slave owners would move into new territory , use their cash to buy up all the good lands , then use their slaves to work the lands , leaving little opportunity room for free farmers . By 1854 the Free Soil Party had largely merged into the new Republican party . The term was popularized by antislavery writers such as John Gorham Palfrey , Josiah Quincy III , Horace Bushnell , James Shepherd Pike , and Horace Greeley . Politicians who emphasized the theme included John Quincy Adams , Henry Wilson and William Pitt Fessenden . Abraham Lincoln used the concept after 1854 but not the term . They showed through a combination of emotive argument and hard statistical data that the South had long held a disproportionate level of power in the United States . Historian Allan Nevins contends that `` nearly all groups ... steadily substituted emotion for reason . ... Fear fed hatred , and hatred fed fear . '' The existence of a Slave Power was dismissed by Southerners at the time , and rejected as false by many historians of the 1920s and 1930s , who stressed the internal divisions in the South before 1850 . The idea that the Slave Power existed has partly come back at the hands of neoabolitionist historians since 1970 , and there is no doubt that it was a powerful factor in the Northern anti-slavery belief system . It was standard rhetoric for all factions of the Republican party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b1e9ad0adbc3ed9ec081d1b10c55088", "text": "List of members of the United States House of Representatives who served a single term One-term congressmen are members of the United States House of Representatives that spent only one two-year term ( or less ) in office usually either due to death , resignation , or defeat . In some rare cases freshmen members have decided to run for another office or not run for reelection . A good many members that serve in the House for only one term are viewed as accidental congressmen due to having been elected in a fluke election or by riding in on the coattails of a popular presidential candidate . Among the most famous one-term congressmen were Abraham Lincoln , who served as a Whig in the 30th Congress of 1847-1849 and was later the 16th President of the United States ; John Marshall , who was elected as a Federalist to the 6th Congress and was later the 4th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court ; William Pennington , who served as a Republican in the 36th Congress and was the first sitting Speaker of the House to be defeated in a bid for re-election ; Joseph Pulitzer , the famed newspaper man that resigned from office during his first term ; George Sutherland , who served as a Republican in the 57th Congress and was later an associate U.S. Supreme Court justice ; and William M. `` Boss '' Tweed , who served as a Democrat to the 33rd Congress and later went on to become infamous for his leadership of Tammany Hall , the dominant political machine in New York City throughout the nineteenth century ; and Isidor Straus , the co-owner of Macy 's department store who died in the sinking of the Titanic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d07ca56e75b1ace354098839a5810621", "text": "Texas annexation The Texas annexation was the 1845 incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America , which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29 , 1845 . The Republic of Texas declared independence from the Republic of Mexico on March 2 , 1836 . At the time the vast majority of the Texian population favored the annexation of the Republic by the United States . The leadership of both major American political parties , the Democrats and the Whigs , opposed the introduction of Texas , a vast slave-holding region , into the volatile political climate of the pro- and anti-slavery sectional controversies in Congress . Moreover , they wished to avoid a war with Mexico , whose government refused to acknowledge the sovereignty of its rebellious northern province . With Texas 's economic fortunes declining by the early 1840s , the President of the Texas Republic , Sam Houston , arranged talks with Mexico to explore the possibility of securing official recognition of independence , with Great Britain mediating . In 1843 , U.S. President John Tyler , unaligned with any political party , decided independently to pursue the annexation of Texas in a bid to gain a base of popular support for another four years in office . His official motivation was to outmaneuver suspected diplomatic efforts by the British government for emancipation of slaves in Texas , which would undermine slavery in the United States . Through secret negotiations with the Houston administration , Tyler secured a treaty of annexation in April 1844 . When the documents were submitted to the US Senate for ratification , the details of the terms of annexation became public and the question of acquiring Texas took center stage in the presidential election of 1844 . Pro-Texas-annexation southern Democratic delegates denied their anti-annexation leader Martin Van Buren the nomination at their party 's convention in May 1844 . In alliance with pro-expansion northern Democratic colleagues , they secured the nomination of James K. Polk , who ran on a pro-Texas Manifest Destiny platform . In June 1844 , the Senate , with its Whig majority , soundly rejected the Tyler -- Texas treaty . The pro-annexation Democrat Polk narrowly defeated anti-annexation Whig Henry Clay in the November 1844 presidential election . In December 1844 , lame-duck President Tyler called on Congress to pass his treaty by simple majorities in each house . The Democratic-dominated House of Representatives complied with his request by passing an amended bill expanding on the pro-slavery provisions of the Tyler treaty . The Senate narrowly passed a compromise version of the House bill ( by the vote of the minority Democrats and several southern Whigs ) , designed to provide the incoming President-elect Polk the options of immediate annexation of Texas or new talks to revise the annexation terms of the House-amended bill . On March 1 , 1845 , President Tyler signed the annexation bill , and on March 3 ( his last day in office ) , he forwarded the House version to Texas , offering immediate annexation ( which preempted Polk ) . When Polk took office the next day , he encouraged Texas to accept the Tyler offer . Texas ratified the agreement with popular approval from Texans . The bill was signed by Polk on December 29 , 1845 , accepting Texas as the 28th state of the Union . Texas formally relinquished its sovereignty to the United States on February 19 , 1846 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82bb81a34a8d03000235258547370f1a", "text": "John Sevier John Sevier ( September 23 , 1745 September 24 , 1815 ) was an American soldier , frontiersman and politician , and one of the founding fathers , of the State of Tennessee . He played a leading role , both militarily and politically , in Tennessee 's pre-statehood period , and was elected the state 's first governor in 1796 . Sevier served as a colonel in the Battle of Kings Mountain in 1780 , and commanded the frontier militia in dozens of battles against the Cherokee in the 1780s and 1790s . Sevier arrived on the Tennessee Valley frontier in the 1770s . In 1776 , he was elected one of five magistrates of the Watauga Association and helped defend Fort Watauga against an assault by the Cherokee . At the outbreak of the War for American Independence , he was chosen as a member of the Committee of Safety for the association 's successor , the Washington District . Following the Battle of Kings Mountain , he led an invasion that destroyed several Chickamauga towns in northern Georgia . In the 1780s , Sevier served as the only governor of the State of Franklin , an early , unsuccessful , attempt at statehood by the trans-Appalachian settlers . He was brigadier general of the Southwest Territory militia during the early 1790s . Sevier served six two-year terms as Tennessee 's governor , from 1796 , until 1801 , and from 1803 to 1809 , with term limits preventing a fourth consecutive term in both instances . His political career was marked by a growing rivalry with rising politician Andrew Jackson , which nearly culminated in a duel in 1803 . After his last term as governor , Sevier was elected to three terms in the United States House of Representatives , serving from 1811 until his death in 1815 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41110c55c3ff761f51a9bb721bcbdf1f", "text": "Presidency of William McKinley The presidency of William McKinley began on March 4 , 1897 at noon Eastern Standard Time , when William McKinley was inaugurated as President of the United States , and ended on September 14 , 1901 , upon his assassination and death , days into his second term . McKinley , a Republican , was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt . The 25th United States president , he took office following the 1896 presidential election , in which he defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' , promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity , and denounced Bryan 's radicalism and class warfare . He defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . McKinley 's presidency marked the beginning of an era in American political history from the mid -- 1890s to 1932 that was generally dominated by the Republican Party . McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , took ownership of Hawaii , the Philippines and Puerto Rico , restored prosperity , promoted pluralism among all groups , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals . Rapid economic growth marked his presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation in the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but for a time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally ranked above average . Historian Lewis L. Gould argues that McKinley was effective in domestic and foreign affairs and was `` the first modern president '' :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8883936cdba6a028372e525da81bf49", "text": "William Hendricks William Hendricks ( November 12 , 1782 -- May 16 , 1850 ) was a Democratic-Republican member of the House of Representatives from 1816 to 1822 , the third Governor of Indiana from 1822 to 1825 , and an Anti-Jacksonian member of the U.S. Senate from 1825 to 1837 . He led much of his family into politics and founded one of the largest political families in Indiana . He was the uncle of Thomas Andrews Hendricks , who was also Governor of Indiana and Vice President of the United States . Hendricks County was named in his honor . His term as governor was spent repairing the state 's finances to later enable large scale internal improvements . The establishment of the basic framework of the state 's public school system and the transfer of the capital from Corydon to Indianapolis also occurred during his term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b62a05537baff69e61dad508c473930", "text": "Plural district A plural district was a district in the United States House of Representatives that was represented by more than one member . States using this method elected multiple members from some of their geographically defined districts , either on a single ballot ( block voting ) or on separate concurrent ballots for each seat ( conducting multiple plurality elections ) . This method was used to give more populous counties additional representation without dividing them into multiple districts - voters were instead allowed to either vote in several elections or to vote for a slate of candidates . It was a system used mostly in Maryland , New York and Pennsylvania until prohibited by the 1842 Apportionment Bill and subsequent legislation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f1ef26d1adac19ba0aa3f8244b87930", "text": "United States presidential election in New Hampshire, 1900 The 1900 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 6 , 1900 throughout 45 states . Voters chose four representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . New Hampshire overwhelmingly voted for the Republican nominee , President William McKinley , over the Democratic nominee , former U.S. Representative and 1896 Democratic presidential nominee William Jennings Bryan . McKinley won New Hampshire by a margin of 20.91 % in this rematch of the 1896 presidential election . The return of economic prosperity and recent victory in the Spanish -- American War helped McKinley to score a decisive victory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f832cb0ca051a0ab17809643ed5bf60c", "text": "William Jennings William Jennings may refer to : William Jennings ( mayor ) ( 1823 -- 1886 ) , mayor of Salt Lake City , Utah , USA William M. Jennings ( 1920 -- 1981 ) , one time owner of the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League ; the League annually gives out an award in his honour William Nicholson Jennings ( 1860 -- 1946 ) , photographer in Philadelphia W. Pat Jennings ( 1919 -- 1994 ) , Representative in the United States Congress from Virginia William Sherman Jennings ( 1863 -- 1920 ) , governor of Florida , United States William Thomas Jennings ( 1854 -- 1923 ) , New Zealand politician William Dale Jennings ( 1917 -- 2000 ) , American author of The Cowboys , The Ronin , and The Sinking of the Sarah Diamond Sir William Ivor Jennings ( 1903 -- 1965 ) , British lawyer and academic William Jennens ( 1701 -- 1798 ) William the Miser , William the Rich , ` the richest commoner in England ' who died intestate . The legal case dragged on for over 100 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1283fc3771ca9ad62c9fa83c201a481", "text": "William Hemsley (Maryland) William Hemsley ( January 23 , 1737 -- June 5 , 1812 ) was an American planter and political leader from Maryland . He represented Maryland in the Continental Congress in 1782 and 1783 . Hemsley 's entire life was closely connected with his family 's plantation , Clover Fields Farm , in Queen Anne 's County on Maryland 's Eastern Shore . The family had been established there and in Talbot County for several generations . His career of public service was similar to that of many prominent planters . He was a county official in both counties at various times , and served as a Colonel in the militia of Queen Anne 's County during the Revolutionary War . Hemsley was first elected to the Maryland state senate in November 1779 . He would serve in that body until 1781 . Then in 1782 -- 1783 he served in the Continental Congress in New York . He was again elected to the state senate in 1784 , but declined that election . He would serve again from 1786 to 1789 . Although re-elected again in 1790 , he did not serve . He was a member of the Maryland Convention that ratified the United States Constitution on April 28 , 1788 . His later years were spent running the family plantation . He died there on June 5 , 1812 and was buried in the family 's cemetery on the farm , near Queenstown , Maryland . His son , William Hemsley , Jr. , also served in the state senate in 1799 -- 1800 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4475d7b2a7494593a1188209b70ad4db", "text": "United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which , along with the United States House of Representatives , the lower chamber , composes the legislature of the United States of America . The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The Senate is composed of senators who represent each of the several states , with each state being equally represented by two senators , regardless of their population , serving staggered terms of six years ; with fifty states presently in the Union , there are 100 U.S. Senators . From 1789 until 1913 , Senators were appointed by legislatures of the states they represented ; following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 , they are now popularly elected . The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol , in Washington , D.C. As the upper house , the Senate has several powers of advice and consent which are unique to it ; these include the ratification of treaties , the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries , Supreme Court justices , federal judges , other federal executive officials , flag officers , regulatory officials , ambassadors , and other federal uniformed officers . In addition to these , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for Vice President , the duty befalls upon the Senate to elect one of the top two recipients of electors for that office . It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House . The Senate is widely considered both a more deliberative and more prestigious body than the House of Representatives due to its longer terms , smaller size , and statewide constituencies , which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere . The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice President of the United States , who is President of the Senate ; in their absence , the President Pro Tempore , who is customarily the senior member of the controlling party , presides over the Senate . In the early 20th century , the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began , although they are not constitutional officers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94bc499e03e30550cb5ac67881631328", "text": "United States House of Representatives elections, 1886 Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1886 for Representatives to the 50th Congress , taking place in the middle of President Grover Cleveland 's first term . As in many midterm elections , Cleveland 's Democratic Party lost seats to the opposition Republican Party , although a narrow majority was retained . Many of these Republican pickups were in the industrializing Midwest states , where the debate over tariffs , which were advocated by Republicans to protect domestic industry but opposed by Democrats to allow for free agricultural trade , led to political change . The small Labor Party , supported by industrial workers , gained one seat each in Virginia ( VA-06 ) and Wisconsin ( WI-04 ) , while the Greenback Party maintained its one seat in Iowa ( James B. Weaver of IA-06 ) . John Nichols was also elected as an Independent to NC-04 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa4bf0d83d0249f3515810de6419995c", "text": "William McKendree Springer William McKendree Springer ( May 30 , 1836 -- December 4 , 1903 ) was a United States Representative from Illinois . He was born near New Lebanon , Sullivan County , Indiana , May 30 , 1836 ; moved to Jacksonville , Illinois , with his parents in 1848 ; attended the public schools in New Lebanon and Jacksonville and the Illinois College at Jacksonville where he was a member of Phi Alpha Literary Society ; graduated from Indiana University in 1858 ; studied law ; was admitted to the bar in 1859 and practiced in Lincoln , Illinois and Springfield , Illinois ; was secretary of the State constitutional convention in 1862 at the young age of 26 and briefly served as assistant secretary of the state 's senate ; traveled in Europe 1868-1871 ; was member of the Illinois House of Representatives in 1871 and 1872 ; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth and to the nine succeeding Congresses ( March 4 , 1875 -- March 3 , 1895 ) . During his service in Congress he was involved in the investigation of election frauds during the Hayes-Tilden campaign . He was chairman , Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State ( Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses ) , Committee on Elections ( Forty-sixth Congress ) , Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Justice ( Forty-eighth Congress ) , Committee on Claims ( Forty-ninth Congress ) , Committee on Territories ( Fiftieth Congress ) , Committee on Ways and Means ( Fifty-second Congress ) , Committee on Banking and Currency ( Fifty-third Congress ) . While on the Committee on Territories Springer framed the bills that organized Oklahoma Territory and also created a federal judicial system for the Indian Territory . Springer created an Amendment as a `` rider '' to the Indian Appropriations Act for 1890 . The Springer Amendment began the process of placing the Unassigned Lands of Indian Territory within the federal public domain and open to homesteaders . He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress . He again resumed the practice of law in Washington , D.C. , in 1895 . He was appointed by President Grover Cleveland as a United States judge for the northern district of Indian Territory and chief justice of the United States Court of Appeals of Indian Territory . In 1900 Springer left his judicial post to establish law offices in both Chicago and Washington , D.C. . He also worked for the National Livestock Association as their lobbyist , where he became exposed to the Kiowa reserve grasslands . Though the Springer Amendment helped to open up Indian lands to homesteaders , in 1901 William Springer was hired by two Kiowa Indians ( later to include numerous other Indians from the KCA tribes ) from the Kiowa , Comanche , Apache Reservation to represent them in what became the court case of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock , 187 U.S. 553 ( 1903 ) . Springer had aided in the writing of a memorial to the President protesting the 1900 Act that resulted from the Jerome Agreement between the Indians from the Kiowa , Comanche , and Apache Reservation and the members of the Jerome Commission . In the Jerome Agreement the tribes of the KCA Reservation ceded most of their lands to the United States who would then open it up for allotment to white settlers . Lone Wolf asserted and Springer argued on his behalf in court that 1 . ) The Kiowa , Comanche , and Apache Indians were fraudulently induced to sign the Jerome Agreement and those that did sign did not fully understand its provisions vastly because , like Lone Wolf , most of the Indians did not speak English and relied on interpreters . 2 . ) The Jerome Agreement was not signed by three-fourths of the adult male members of the tribes as required by the Medicine Lodge Treaty . Lone Wolf alleged that the total number of Indian males exceeded the number claimed by the Indian Agent and that the census of 1900 showed there were 639 adult male members of the KCA tribes on the reservation . Thus the Jerome Agreement was twenty-three signatures short of the required amount . 3 . ) The KCA 's had protested the agreement from the beginning . 4 . ) The version that was ratified by Congress had been significantly altered and amended and the changes made had not been submitted to the KCA for their approval . Springer argued for Lone Wolf that Congress should not be able to unilaterally alter the provisions of the agreement without the Indians ' consent and thus the Act should be rejected . On July 22 , 1901 Springer , who was also aided by attorneys Hays McMeehan , William C. Reeves , and Charles Porter Johnson , filed for a temporary restraining order and a permanent injunction halting the cession and the opening of surplus lands after the members of the KCA tribes had been given their individual allotments . The request for the restraining order was denied by Judge Clinton F. Irwin . Springer and his colleagues appeal to The Supreme Court for the District of Columbia where on June 21 , 1901 Justice A. C. Bradley denied the KCA 's application for a temporary injunction . Springer appealed the District Court 's decision to the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia where the decision in the lower courts was upheld on December 4 , 1901 , by Chief Justice Alvey . Finally , Springer , now aided by attorney Hampton Carson who was hired by the Indian Rights Association , appealed to the United States Supreme Court and where once again he was unsuccessful in his appeal . On January 5 , 1903 , in a unanimous decision , the Court affirmed the Court of Appeals and upheld the Congressional action . The Court rejected the Indians ' argument that Congress ' action was a taking under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment . Justice Edward D. White described the Indians as the wards of the nation and matters involving Indian lands were the sole jurisdiction of Congress . Congress therefore had the power to abrogate the provisions of an Indian treaty , including the two million acre change . Justice John M. Harlan concurred in the judgment . This case maintained that the federal government had always had plenary power over tribes and could unilaterally abrogate Indian treaty rights despite the protests of the tribes . Springer unsuccessfully challenged the federal income tax levied during the Civil War in the case of Springer v. United States . William Springer died on December 4 , 1903 ; and was buried in Oak Ridge Cemetery , Springfield , Illinois . Bibliography : Dictionary of American Biography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47101477ec5158d40fb3038eec97db4b", "text": "United States elections, 1844 The 1844 United States elections elected the members of the 29th United States Congress , and took place during the Second Party System in the midst of the debate over whether to annex Texas . Texas and Iowa joined the union during the 29th Congress . Democrats retained control of the House and took back control of the Presidency and the Senate , re-establishing the dominant position the party had lost in the 1840 election . In the Presidential election , Democratic former Speaker of the House James K. Polk defeated Whig former Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky . Though Polk won the popular vote by a little over one percent , he won by a comfortable margin in the electoral college . James G. Birney of the nascent Liberty Party took two percent of the popular vote , and may have swung the election by taking votes from Clay in New York . The little-known Polk defeated several rivals to win his party 's nomination , emerging as the first dark horse nominee in U.S. presidential history . Incumbent President John Tyler , who had been expelled from the Whig party early in his presidency , was briefly the candidate of the newly formed Democratic-Republican Party , but dropped out of the race after Polk announced his support for ratification of Tyler 's Texas annexation treaty . In the House , Whigs picked up a small number of seats , but Democrats retained a commanding majority . In the Senate , Democrats picked up several seats , re-taking the majority .", "title": "" } ]	fever
36b619dec227e16b71b919dc8706d8d4	July 2007 saw the release of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.	[ { "docid": "75ae432a731ce43d468fc1405fcb0b47", "text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows is the seventh and final novel of the Harry Potter series , written by British author J. K. Rowling . The book was released on 21 July 2007 by Bloomsbury Publishing in the United Kingdom , in the United States by Scholastic , and in Canada by Raincoast Books , ending the series that began in 1997 with the publication of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone . The novel chronicles the events directly following Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince ( 2005 ) , and the final confrontation between the wizards Harry Potter and Lord Voldemort , as well as revealing the previously concealed back story of several main characters . The title of the book refers to three mythical objects featured in the story , collectively known as the `` Deathly Hallows '' -- an unbeatable wand , a stone to bring the dead to life , and a cloak of invisibility . Rowling finished writing Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows in January 2007 . Before its release , Bloomsbury reportedly spent # 10 million to keep the book 's contents safe before its release date . American publisher Arthur Levine refused any copies of the novel to be released in advance for press review , although two reviews were submitted early . Shortly before release , photos of all 759 pages of the U.S. edition were leaked and transcribed , leading Scholastic to look for the source that had leaked it . Released globally in 93 countries , Deathly Hallows broke sales records as the fastest-selling book ever , a record it still held in 2012 . It sold 15 million copies in the first 24 hours following its release , including more than 11 million in the U.S. and UK alone . The previous record , 9 million in its first day , had been held by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . The novel has also been translated into over 120 languages . The title proved difficult to translate and was often rendered closer to `` Harry Potter and the Relics of Death '' in other languages . Major themes in the novel are death and living in a corrupted society , and critics have compared them to Christian allegories . Generally well-received , the book won the 2008 Colorado Blue Spruce Book Award , and the American Library Association named it a `` Best Book for Young Adults '' . A two-part film adaptation began showing in November 2010 when Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 was released ; Part 2 was released on 15 July 2011 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "745fe2d18c43313d636be2ea77bbc442", "text": "13th Critics' Choice Awards The 13th Critics ' Choice Awards were given on 7 January 2008 to honor the finest achievements in 2007 filmmaking . D. L. Hughley hosted the event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8144600798a5f4b37fba6ba72f471c4", "text": "28 Weeks Later 28 Weeks Later is a 2007 British science fiction horror film , structured as a sequel to the critically and commercially successful 2002 film 28 Days Later . 28 Weeks Later was co-written and directed by Juan Carlos Fresnadillo , with Danny Boyle and Alex Garland , director and writer of 28 Days Later respectively , now acting as executive producers . It was released in the United Kingdom and United States on 11 May 2007 . The plot depicts the efforts of NATO military forces to salvage a safe zone in London following the events in 28 Days Later , the consequence of two young siblings breaking protocol to find their infected mother , and the resulting reintroduction of the highly contagious virus to the safe zone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e27ec7ea53f825cc0e8011d2d639f7b", "text": "Terry Pratchett's The Colour of Magic Terry Pratchett 's The Colour of Magic is a two-part television adaptation of the bestselling novels The Colour of Magic and The Light Fantastic by Terry Pratchett . The fantasy film was produced for Sky1 by The Mob , a small British studio , starring David Jason , Sean Astin , Tim Curry and Christopher Lee as the voice of Death . Vadim Jean both adapted the screenplay from Pratchett 's original novels , and served as director . Terry Pratchett 's The Colour of Magic was broadcast on Sky One , and in high definition on Sky 1 HD , on Easter Sunday ( 23 March ) and 24 March 2008 . The first part drew audiences of 1.5 million , with the second part attracting up to 1.1 million viewers . The film was well received by fans , but drew mixed reviews from critics , who generally praised the acting talent of the all-star cast , but criticised the film 's script and direction . The production is the second adaptation of Pratchett 's novels as a live-action film , following the successful release of Hogfather on Sky 1 over Christmas 2006 . A third adaptation , Going Postal , followed in 2010 with more planned for the future .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17086c772a33ab1ac4e238e3fe061599", "text": "Terry Pratchett's Hogfather Terry Pratchett 's Hogfather is a two-part television film adaptation of Hogfather by Terry Pratchett , produced by The Mob , and first broadcast on Sky One , and in High Definition on Sky1 HD , over Christmas 2006 . First aired in two 1.5 hour episodes on the 17th and 18 December 2006 at 20:00 UTC , it was the first live-action film adaptation of a Discworld novel . In 2007 , the two episodes were rerun on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day respectively on Sky One and Sky1 HD . Hogfather won the Interactivity Award at the 2007 BAFTA TV Awards for its use of the interactive options available on digital television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "492cbd8172c0eee91e5a109ab9e5ff76", "text": "July 8", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab1a49bfb55da7de3ebb9f0c5c1c3ca7", "text": "Summer Shakespeare Festival The Summer Shakespeare Festival ( Czech : Letní shakespearovské slavnosti , Slovak : Letné shakespearovské slávnosti ) takes place in the courtyard of Burgrave Palace at Prague Castle . The festival was originally initiated by Václav Havel . The performances are also presented at Špilberk in Brno and at Bratislava Castle in Bratislava . The organizers closely cooperate with Martin Hilský , who translated most of the staged plays . So far , the most acclaimed was the performance of King Lear in 2002 . In 2004 , director Martin Huba was selected for an ambitious project , a performance of Romeo and Juliet such as that one evening Capulets would be Slovaks and Monteks Czechs and the next day vice versa . The project failed , Huba said to the media that even though the dialogs translated by Ľubomír Feldek and Martin Hilský were perfect , they somehow did not fit together . In the end , the only Slovak-speaking character was the Nurse , performed by Emília Vášáryová .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36a8ea744afe698568566b160c5ff71c", "text": "Paul Khanna Paul Khanna is a British actor in the two-part Warner Bros. film Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601c999353b05e482bdc578bda7fd3f5", "text": "38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each . In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8ca59b5de5102e23e34fcb01f94f4f4", "text": "Minerva Press Minerva Press was a publishing house , noted for creating a lucrative market in sentimental and Gothic fiction in the late 18th century and early 19th century . It was established by William Lane ( 1745 ? -1814 ) at No 33 Leadenhall Street , London , when he moved his circulating library there in about 1790 . Among his stable of writers were many female authors including Regina Maria Roche ( The Maid of Hamlet , 1793 ; Clermont , 1798 ) ; Mrs. Eliza Parsons ( The Castle of Wolfenbach , 1793 ; The Mysterious Warning , 1796 ) ; and Eleanor Sleath ( The Orphan of the Rhine , 1798 ) whose Gothic fiction is included in the list of the seven Northanger Horrid Novels , recommended by the character Isabella Thorpe in Jane Austen 's novel of similar name . Six of the Northanger Seven were published by Minerva . However many titles were anonymous , including such novels as Count Roderic 's Castle ( 1794 ) , The Haunted Castle ( 1794 ) , The Animated Skeleton ( 1798 ) and The New Monk ( 1798 ) , and the five novels of Helen Craik . Authors such as Emma Parker ( `` Emma de Lisle '' ) and Amelia de Beauclerc , who wrote for Minerva Press in the 1800s , are obscure today , and the market for Minerva 's books became negligible after the death of its charismatic founder . Lane was succeeded as proprietor of the Minerva Press by his partner , Anthony King ( A. K. ) Newman , who gradually dropped the Minerva name from his books ' title pages during the 1820s . Later books published by the press bear the imprint `` A. K. Newman & Co. . '' In the 20th century , the name Minerva Press was used by at least one publisher unconnected with the original firm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ac9b47f5bae389633a818d3a790276b", "text": "The Dark Knight (film) The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed , co-produced , and co-written by Christopher Nolan . Featuring the DC Comics character Batman , the film is the second part of Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy and a sequel to 2005 's Batman Begins , starring an ensemble cast including Christian Bale , Michael Caine , Heath Ledger , Gary Oldman , Aaron Eckhart , Maggie Gyllenhaal and Morgan Freeman . In the film , Bruce Wayne/Batman ( Bale ) , James Gordon ( Oldman ) and Harvey Dent ( Eckhart ) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City , but are menaced by a criminal mastermind known as the Joker ( Ledger ) who seeks to undermine Batman 's influence and create chaos . Nolan 's inspiration for the film was the Joker 's comic book debut in 1940 , the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke , and the 1996 series The Long Halloween , which retold Two-Face 's origin . The nickname `` the Dark Knight '' was first applied to Batman in Batman # 1 ( 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger . The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago , as well as in several other locations in the United States , the United Kingdom , and Hong Kong . Nolan used IMAX 70 mm film cameras to film some sequences , including the Joker 's first appearance in the film . The film is dedicated to the memory of Ledger , who died on January 22 , 2008 , some months after the completed filming and six months before the film 's release , from a toxic combination of prescription drugs , leading to intense attention from the press and movie-going public . Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight , developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker . A co-production of the United States and the United Kingdom , The Dark Knight was released on July 16 , 2008 in Australia , on July 18 , 2008 , in North America , and on July 25 , 2008 , in the United Kingdom . Considered by film critics to be one of the best films of the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever , the film received highly positive reviews and set numerous records during its theatrical run . The Dark Knight appeared on more critics ' top ten lists ( 287 ) than any other film of 2008 with the exception of WALL-E , and more critics ( 77 ) named The Dark Knight the best film of 2008 than any other film released that year . With over $ 1 billion in revenue worldwide , it is the 29th-highest-grossing film of all time , unadjusted for inflation . The film received eight Academy Award nominations ; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor . The Dark Knight Rises , the final film in the trilogy , was released on July 20 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90fa4d8dce4971a2b81a7c2c64773017", "text": "Harry Potter (character) Harry James Potter is the title character and protagonist of J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . The majority of the books ' plot covers seven years in the life of the orphan Potter , who , on his eleventh birthday , learns he is a wizard . Thus , he attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to practise magic under the guidance of the kindly headmaster Albus Dumbledore and other school professors . Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the novel 's magical community , and that his fate is tied with that of Lord Voldemort , the internationally feared Dark Wizard and murderer of his parents , Lily and James .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7512ebb030fc56583a0f553f03dd4c4", "text": "Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score . The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa31bb7cb0f31b958f409274efb38aab", "text": "Wizards of Waverly Place Wizards of Waverly Place is an American fantasy teen sitcom which ran from October 12 , 2007 to January 6 , 2012 on Disney Channel . The series was created by Todd J. Greenwald , and stars Selena Gomez , David Henrie and Jake T. Austin as three wizard siblings with magical abilities competing to win sole custody of the family powers . Further main cast includes Jennifer Stone , Maria Canals Barrera , and David DeLuise . The series won `` Outstanding Children 's Program '' at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009 . A film adaptation of the series , Wizards of Waverly Place : The Movie , premiered as a Disney Channel Original Movie on August 28 , 2009 . The film adaptation won `` Outstanding Children 's Program '' at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards earning the series its second consecutive Emmy . The farewell season won `` Outstanding Children 's Program '' at the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards bringing the franchise 's total to three Emmy awards . Wizards of Waverly Place ended with 106 episodes over four seasons , surpassing That 's So Raven . Its series finale averaged nearly 10 million viewers ( live and total views on same day ) , which made that episode the most-watched series finale in Disney Channel 's history . On March 15 , 2013 , The Wizards Return : Alex vs. Alex premiered as a one-hour television special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37a6bd9cd3664b04dd812a239f734b28", "text": "8th IIFA Awards The 2007 IIFA Awards , officially known as the 8th International Indian Film Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the International Indian Film Academy honoured the best films of 2006 and took place between June 7 -- 9 , 2007 . The official ceremony took place on June 9 , 2007 , at the Hallam FM Arena in Sheffield , England . During the ceremony , IIFA Awards were awarded in 29 competitive categories . The ceremony was televised in India and internationally on Star Plus . Actors Boman Irani and Lara Dutta co-hosted the ceremony for the first time . Some other salient events held during this weekend included the IIFA World Premiere , IIFA-BAFTA Film Workshop , FICCI-IIFA Global Business Forum and the IIFA Foundation Celebrity Charity Cricket Match . The tag line of the IIFA 2007 was IIFA 2007 : Yorkshire `` Love At First Sight '' . Rang De Basanti received twenty one nominations out of the total twenty nine and won eleven awards , two of which were popular awards : ( Best Picture , Best Performance In A Supporting Role Female ) Omkara and Lage Raho Munna Bhai won four awards each . Other multiple winners included Krrish with three awards and Dhoom 2 and Fanaa with two each . In addition movies receiving a single awards included , Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna for ( Best Performance In A Leading Role Female ) , Golmaal : Fun Unlimited for ( Best Performance In A Comic Role ) , 36 China Town for ( Male Debutant Star ) and Gangster for ( Female Debutant Star ) . Rajkumar Hirani and A. R. Rahman each won three awards in the event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b32475d6402502fd34652dca9c95341", "text": "Iron Maiden discography The discography of Iron Maiden , a British heavy metal band founded in 1975 by bassist Steve Harris , includes sixteen studio albums , as well as numerous live albums , compilations , EPs , singles , video albums , music videos , and box sets . After several auditions and changes , the final lineup consisted of vocalist Paul Di'Anno , guitarists Dave Murray and Dennis Stratton , and drummer Clive Burr . They released their self-titled debut album in 1980 ; quickly becoming one of the leading proponents of the new wave of British heavy metal movement . Guitarist Adrian Smith replaced Stratton , and a `` consistent highlight '' , Killers , was released in 1981 . Later that year , vocalist Bruce Dickinson replaced Paul Di'Anno , marking the beginning of a series of top-ten high-impact releases . They issued `` the 1982 masterpiece '' , The Number of the Beast , becoming the band 's first release to top the UK charts , and received a platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America . Drummer Nicko McBrain replaced Clive Burr , and the band released Piece of Mind in 1983 , followed by a `` true heavy metal achievement '' , Powerslave ( 1984 ) . Iron Maiden broadened their sound with the use of guitar synthesisers in Somewhere in Time ( 1986 ) . Their following concept album , Seventh Son of a Seventh Son , was released in 1988 , and also topped the UK charts . The line-up remained unchanged until Adrian Smith left the band during the pre-production stage of their last gold-certified album in the US , No Prayer for the Dying ( 1990 ) ; he was replaced by Janick Gers . Their next UK No. 1 album , Fear of the Dark , was released in 1992 , after which Dickinson left the band in the following year . His replacement , Blaze Bayley , debuted in 1995 with The X Factor , `` a lackluster '' album that marked a decline in the band 's career . The diminished fan interest in 1998 with Virtual XI prompted Bayley 's departure . Dickinson and Smith returned to the band in 1999 , and a new album , Brave New World , was issued in 2000 . Three years later , Dance of Death was released , which marked `` a triumphant return to form '' . In 2006 they released `` a more elaborate and meandering '' album , A Matter of Life and Death , which received , along with their two previous studio releases , a gold certification by the BPI . In 2010 , Iron Maiden issued The Final Frontier , which was positively received by critics , and debuted at No. 1 in over twenty-eight countries , including the United Kingdom . Their sixteenth studio effort , The Book of Souls , was released on 4 September 2015 and became their fifth UK No. 1 album . Overall , the band have reputedly sold between 80 and 100 million albums worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e8581742a4589f8374fc0996307f390", "text": "Gotham Independent Film Awards 2007 The 17th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards were held on November 27 , 2007 . The nominees were announced on October 22 , 2007 . The ceremony was hosted by Sarah Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0211212dc850dd22a956a6403aff9de8", "text": "The Magic Flute (2006 film) The Magic Flute is Kenneth Branagh 's English-language film version of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 's singspiel Die Zauberflöte . The film is a co-production between France & the UK , produced by Idéale Audience and in association with UK 's The Peter Moores Foundation . In November 2005 , it was announced that , as part of the 250th anniversary celebration of Mozart 's birthday , a new film version of The Magic Flute , set during World War I , was to be made , directed by Kenneth Branagh , with a translation by Stephen Fry . The film was presented at the Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2006 , at the Venice Film Festival on 8 September of that year , and released in Switzerland on 5 April 2007 . It has played in many European countries . The film , with a soundtrack performed by the Chamber Orchestra of Europe conducted by James Conlon , is the first motion picture version of the opera specifically intended for cinemas . Ingmar Bergman 's 1975 film version was made for Swedish television and only later released to theatres . Branagh 's version was shot in Super 35 and released in anamorphic widescreen , while Bergman 's was filmed in Academy ratio for television sets of the 1970s . A DVD of the film was released in France in August 2007 with a bonus soundtrack CD ( lasting around 79 minutes ) and a `` Making of '' featurette ( 50 minutes ) . The film has also been released on DVD in the Netherlands ( in a three-disc set ) , Finland , Argentina , and Japan . Revolver Entertainment is giving the film a theatrical release in the United States in June 2013 , seven years after its premiere in Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e710eacf95619fa95081e26d56a8075d", "text": "Inheritance Cycle The Inheritance Cycle is a young adult tetralogy of epic fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini . Set in the fictional world of Alagaësia ( -LSB- æləˈɡeɪziə -RSB- ) , the novels focus on the adventures of a teenage boy named Eragon and his dragon , Saphira , as they struggle to overthrow the evil king Galbatorix . The series was originally intended to be a trilogy ( named the `` Inheritance Trilogy '' ) until Paolini announced on October 30 , 2007 , while working on the third novel , that he believed the story was too complex to conclude in just three books . The book series as a whole received mostly mixed to negative reviews by critics , but has gained both popularity and commercial success . The first book in the series , Eragon , was originally self-published by Paolini in 2001 , and subsequently re-published by Alfred A. Knopf Books for Young Readers on June 25 , 2003 . The second book in the series , Eldest , was published by Knopf on August 23 , 2005 . Both were New York Times bestsellers . The third book in the series , Brisingr , was published by Knopf on September 20 , 2008 . The fourth and final book in the series , Inheritance , was published by Knopf on November 8 , 2011 . The series has sold 33.5 million copies worldwide . In 2006 , a feature film was released based on the first book in the cycle , Eragon , starring Ed Speleers , Jeremy Irons , John Malkovich and Djimon Hounsou . The film received generally negative reviews and closed as the 13th highest grossing fantasy-live action film within the United States .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a3dcb6cd8cd70633e796f41d38c3600e	Seinfeld's quotes have not become catchphrases in popular culture.	[ { "docid": "2990ea240b2a5784fb4107830f30586e", "text": "Seinfeld Seinfeld is an American sitcom that originally ran for nine seasons on NBC , from 1989 to 1998 . It was created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld , the latter starring as a fictionalized version of himself . Set predominantly in an apartment building in Manhattan 's Upper West Side in New York City , the show features a handful of Jerry 's friends and acquaintances , particularly best friend George Costanza ( Jason Alexander ) , former girlfriend Elaine Benes ( Julia Louis-Dreyfus ) , and neighbor across the hall Cosmo Kramer ( Michael Richards ) . It is often described as being `` a show about nothing '' , as many of its episodes are about the minutiae of daily life . Seinfeld was produced by Castle Rock Entertainment . In syndication , the series has been distributed by Sony Pictures Television since 2002 . It was largely written by David and Seinfeld with script writers who included Larry Charles , Peter Mehlman , Gregg Kavet , Carol Leifer , David Mandel , Jeff Schaffer , Steve Koren , Jennifer Crittenden , Tom Gammill , Max Pross , Dan O'Keefe , Charlie Rubin , Marjorie Gross , Alec Berg , Elaine Pope , and Spike Feresten . A favorite among critics , the series led the Nielsen ratings in seasons six and nine , and finished among the top two ( with NBC 's ER ) every year from 1994 to 1998 . Seinfeld is widely considered to be one of the greatest and most influential sitcoms ever made . It has been ranked among the best television shows of all time in publications such as Entertainment Weekly , Rolling Stone , and TV Guide . The show 's most renowned episodes include `` The Chinese Restaurant '' , `` The Parking Garage '' , and `` The Contest '' . In 2013 , the Writers Guild of America voted it the No. 2 Best Written TV Series of All Time ( second to The Sopranos ) . E! named the series the `` number 1 reason the '90s ruled '' , and quotes from numerous episodes have become catchphrases in popular culture .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3e9dd5071b3b9b88ce571cad9e6e2e70", "text": "Grinch The Grinch is a fictional character created by Dr. Seuss . He is best known as the main character of the children 's book How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! ( 1957 ) . The grumpy , anti-holiday spirit of the character has led to the term `` Grinch '' , which is probably derived from the French word grincheux which means `` grumpy '' , coming to refer to a person opposed to Christmas time celebrations or to someone with a coarse , greedy attitude . The Grinch has since become an icon of the winter holidays , despite the character 's hatred of the season , and has appeared on various forms of memorabilia such as Christmas ornaments , plush dolls , and various clothing items . In 2002 , TV Guide ranked The Grinch number 5 on its `` 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6201194da41582b960369d5ebf9fea7b", "text": "Rosebud (The Simpsons) `` Rosebud '' is the fourth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 21 , 1993 . The episode begins by showing how on the eve of his birthday , Mr. Burns starts to miss his childhood teddy bear Bobo . The bear ends up in the hands of Maggie Simpson and Burns does everything in his power to get Bobo returned to him . `` Rosebud '' was written by John Swartzwelder and was the first episode to be executive produced by David Mirkin , who was the show runner for the fifth and sixth seasons of the show . Directed by Wes Archer , supervising director David Silverman describes the episode as `` one of the more challenging ones '' to direct . The Ramones ( Joey Ramone , Johnny Ramone , C. J. Ramone and Marky Ramone ) guest star in the episode as themselves . The episode is largely a parody of the 1941 film Citizen Kane and the title references Charles Foster Kane 's dying word `` Rosebud '' . The episode also contains references to The Wizard of Oz , Planet of the Apes , George Burns , Charles Lindbergh , The Rolling Stones and Adolf Hitler . Critical reaction to `` Rosebud '' was largely positive and in 2003 Entertainment Weekly placed the episode in second place on their list of the 25 best episodes of The Simpsons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7c0bfc8f20a1c2a5313f9219913939e", "text": "Another Simpsons Clip Show `` Another Simpsons Clip Show '' is the third episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 25 , 1994 . In the episode , Marge reads a romance novel in bed , and it prompts her to have a family meeting , where the Simpson family recall their past loves in form of clips from previous episodes . The episode was written by Jon Vitti ( credited as `` Penny Wise '' ) and directed by David Silverman . It is the second The Simpsons episode featuring a clip show format and uses clips from all the previous five seasons . The episode features cultural references to the 1992 book The Bridges of Madison County and the 1967 film The Graduate . The episode has received rather negative reviews , since clip shows tend to be the least favorite episodes among fans . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 8.7 and was the fourth highest rated show on the Fox network that week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91341f6f4badbf81c4bcdc670856fabc", "text": "Robert Cobb Robert or Bob Cobb may refer to : Robert W. Cobb , US government official Robert Cobb ( American football ) , former American football defensive end Robert H. Cobb , American restaurateur , owner of the Brown Derby and creator of the Cobb salad Bob Cobb ( musician ) , Western swing bassist from Wagoner , Oklahoma Fictional characters Bob Cobb , the secret identity of Mon-El of the Legion of Superheroes when he lives in Smallville . Bob Cobb ( Seinfeld ) or `` the Maestro '' , a minor character from the American TV sitcom Seinfeld", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e4a5fc850131a08c815e5f629e80fd9", "text": "The Doodle `` The Doodle '' is the 106th episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld . This was the 20th episode for the sixth season . It aired on April 6 , 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09728074e0b6c4605e32f4a8bf09f9bb", "text": "E-Prime E-Prime ( short for English-Prime , sometimes denoted É or E ′ ) is a version of the English language that excludes all forms of the verb to be , including all conjugations , contractions and archaic forms . Some scholars advocate using E-Prime as a device to clarify thinking and strengthen writing . For example , the sentence `` the film was good '' could not be expressed under the rules of E-Prime , and the speaker might instead say `` I liked the film '' , `` the film made me laugh '' , or `` the film has value '' . The E-Prime versions communicate the writer 's experience rather than judgment , making it harder for the writer or reader to confuse opinion with fact . Kellogg and Bourland describe misuse of the verb to be as creating a `` deity mode of speech '' , allowing `` even the most ignorant to transform their opinions magically into god-like pronouncements on the nature of things '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be5bb4deb06f3985e9e3ca6e87b581de", "text": "Walter Scott's Personality Parade `` Walter Scott 's Personality Parade '' is a column in Parade magazine featuring celebrity gossip . As of 2001 Edward Klein is the author of the column , which is in the inside cover of the magazine . For a 33 year period beginning with the column 's establishment in 1958 , it was written by Lloyd Shearer while he used the name Walter Scott . In this column he discussed rumors about celebrities using a question and answer style . Joyce Wadler of The New York Times stated that the column 's readership was 50 million `` in its heyday '' . Elaine Woo of the Los Angeles Times wrote that `` It may have been the most widely read column in the country '' under Shearer and that under Klein it continued to be the `` most popular feature '' in the magazine . Lloyd Shearer 's assistants sorted through reader mail to separate what Woo described as `` those that were confusing or from crackpots , who were as legion as his legitimate and well-placed sources . '' Under Shearer the column received around 4,000 to 7,000 reader letters . One given topic may be the subject of up to 100 of those letters at a time . Shearer 's children often assisted Shearer with his publication . His son Derek Shearer , along with Lloyd Shearer 's editor and other family members , stated that the questions printed in the column were composites of those submitted by readers and that Lloyd Shearer himself did not make any of the questions . Wadler stated `` it was known that Mr. Shearer wrote many of the questions '' . Woo wrote that `` Some journalists suggested that he made up many questions to suit his own agenda . '' During the time he wrote the column Shearer had copyrighted its name . During Shearer 's rule , popular publications and political magazines analyzed `` Personality Parade . '' A compilation of several columns , Parade : The Best of Walter Scott 's Personality Parade From the Fifties through the Nineties , was published in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3952392bc5544fae35ffe8cf10ebebd", "text": "Sesame Street Sesame Street is a long-running American children 's television series , produced by Sesame Workshop ( formerly known as the Children 's Television Workshop ) and created by Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett . The program is known for its educational content , and images communicated through the use of Jim Henson 's Muppets , animation , short films , humor , and cultural references . The series premiered on November 10 , 1969 , to positive reviews , some controversy , and high viewership ; it has aired on the U.S. 's national public television provider ( PBS ) since its debut , with its first run moving to premium channel HBO on January 16 , 2016 . The show has undergone significant changes throughout its history . The format of Sesame Street consists of a combination of commercial television production elements and techniques which have evolved to reflect the changes in American culture and the audience 's viewing habits . With the creation of Sesame Street , producers and writers of a children 's television show used , for the first time , educational goals and a curriculum to shape its content . It was also the first time a show 's educational effects were studied . Shortly after creating Sesame Street , its producers developed what came to be called the `` CTW model '' ( after the production company 's previous name ) , a system of television show planning , production , and evaluation based on collaborations between producers , writers , educators , and researchers . The show was initially funded by government and private foundations but has become somewhat self-supporting due to revenues from licensing arrangements , international sales , and other media . By 2006 , there were independently produced versions , or `` co-productions '' , of Sesame Street broadcast in twenty countries . In 2001 there were over 120 million viewers of various international versions of Sesame Street , and by the show 's 40th anniversary in 2009 , it was broadcast in more than 140 countries . By its 40th anniversary in 2009 , Sesame Street was the fifteenth-highest-rated children 's television show in the United States . A 1996 survey found that 95 % of all American preschoolers had watched the show by the time they were three years old . In 2008 , it was estimated that 77 million Americans had watched the series as children . As of 2014 , Sesame Street has won 167 Emmy Awards and 8 Grammy Awards -- more than any other children 's show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dd6f0ecdccb8fdfa7a8f9494b0db834", "text": "Seinfeld: A XXX Parody Seinfeld : A XXX Parody is a 2009 American pornographic situation comedy film that parodies the American television sitcom Seinfeld which ran from 1989 until 1998 . Like other porn parodies , it has the same characters , settings and other production elements of the original show but adds an explicitly sexual element that was not present in the series . Written by A.J. Slater and directed by Lee Roy Myers , the plot is based on the episode `` The Soup Nazi '' . The film stars James Deen , Kristina Rose , Eric John , Steve Pomerantz , Evan Stone , Ashlynn Brooke , London Keyes , Natalie Horton , Tony Disergio , Sasha Grey , Sadie West and Cassandra Calogera . Released to DVD on June 29 , 2009 , the movie received positive reviews from critics , who enjoyed the acting , casting , sexual content and comedy . In addition to the positive reception , it also earned ten nominations at the 27th AVN Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4049ddf058ded6909ebf15c637779551", "text": "Punch line A punch line ( `` punch-line '' or punchline ) concludes a joke ; it is intended to make people laugh . It is the third and final part of the typical joke structure . It follows the introductory framing of the joke and the narrative which sets up for the punch line . In a broader sense punch line can also refer to the unexpected and funny conclusion of any performance , situation or story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2b90a9e89695d680c09c092b3fc3918", "text": "Humour Humour ( British English ) or humor ( American English ; see spelling differences ) is the tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement . The term derives from the humoral medicine of the ancient Greeks , which taught that the balance of fluids in the human body , known as humours ( Latin : humor , `` body fluid '' ) , controlled human health and emotion . People of all ages and cultures respond to humour . Most people are able to experience humour -- be amused , smile or laugh at something funny -- and thus are considered to have a sense of humour . The hypothetical person lacking a sense of humour would likely find the behaviour inducing it to be inexplicable , strange , or even irrational . Though ultimately decided by personal taste , the extent to which a person finds something humorous depends on a host of variables , including geographical location , culture , maturity , level of education , intelligence and context . For example , young children may favour slapstick such as Punch and Judy puppet shows or the Tom and Jerry cartoons , whose physical nature makes it accessible to them . By contrast , more sophisticated forms of humour such as satire require an understanding of its social meaning and context , and thus tend to appeal to a more mature audience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a18b9c666dc03f14ab1df800184c957", "text": "The Blood (Seinfeld) `` The Blood '' is the 160th episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld . This was the fourth episode for the ninth and final season . It aired on October 16 , 1997 . This was Lloyd Bridges 's last television performance before his death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44e3fa8b4789184d52227ac93dca1f53", "text": "The Slicer `` The Slicer '' is the 163rd episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld . This was the seventh episode of the ninth and final season . It first aired on November 13 , 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e6aa26f378f65d4fcc4ab6f883bae27", "text": "Quote Quotation is the repetition of someone else 's statement or thoughts . Quotation marks are punctuation marks used in text to indicate a quotation . Both of these words are sometimes abbreviated as `` quote ( s ) '' . Quote may also refer to : __ NOTOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8541267e08cf6e4ae492902069487f2", "text": "The CBS Late Movie The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series ( later known as CBS Late Night ) during the 1970s and 1980s . The program ran in most American television markets from 11:30 p.m. ( EST ) until 2:30 a.m. or later , on weeknights . A single announcer ( in the early years , CBS staff announcer Norm Stevens ) voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program , but there was no host per se , or closing credits besides those of the night 's presentation . ( The bumpers announcing the stars of the movie notably rotated names , two or three at a time , so more of the players would be mentioned . ) The program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show , CBS 's late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972 . The show went on to have a long run in first-run syndication following CBS 's cancellation . The CBS Late Movie theme music was `` So Old , So Young '' by Morton Stevens , which also served as the theme music for CBS 's prime-time movies until 1978 . A memorable aspect to the show 's commercial breaks was the frequent appearance of public service announcements , from the Ad Council and other organizations , that often dealt with `` mature '' topics such as venereal disease , sexual and violent crimes , and abuse of hard drugs . Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time , with commercial breaks lasting longer ; it was not uncommon for the second portion of the show to start at 12:05 AM or 12:40 AM . The CBS Late Night block , however , was not always cleared by every affiliate of the network ; in several markets , the block was either delayed by one hour from its regularly-scheduled time ( most notably in the Central and Mountain time zones ) , picked up by a local independent station ( including those that later affiliated with the Fox television network ) , or not seen at all in certain cities . Those stations that did not carry CBS Late Night instead broadcast movies from their own libraries and/or their own lineup of off-network syndicated sitcoms , drama reruns and first-run syndication products . A large factor in the programming decisions of many CBS affiliates electing not to clear CBS Late Night ( or delaying it ) was due to head-to-head competition with NBC 's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , and later entering the 1980s , ABC News ' Nightline . It was not until 1993 , when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted , that CBS ' late night programming ( excluding Nightwatch/Up to the Minute ) was cleared across the entire network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc8bf81f27171c034bdfe3b7a72d18a", "text": "History of Saturday Night Live (1995–2000) Saturday Night Live is an American sketch comedy series created and produced by Lorne Michaels for most of the show 's run . The show has aired on NBC since 1975 . After a disastrous 1994 -- 95 season featuring a mix of old and new characters , Michaels decided to once again revamp the cast , keeping only five cast members and hiring six . The 1995 -- 96 season once again saved the show from cancellation , introducing a new era of Saturday Night Live characters and sketches that were highly popular with audiences . This cast stayed mostly stable until the 1998 -- 99 season , which added cast members such as Jimmy Fallon and Horatio Sanz . These two would pave the way for the next era of Saturday Night Live in the early 2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77db9058a5c1bc75441bb9d71642bf11", "text": "There's Something About Marrying `` There 's Something About Marrying '' is the tenth episode of the sixteenth season of The Simpsons . In the episode , Springfield legalizes same-sex marriage to increase tourism . After becoming a minister , Homer starts to wed people to make money . Meanwhile , Marge 's sister Patty comes out as a lesbian and reveals that she is going to marry a woman named Veronica . Marge originally disapproves of this , making Patty frustrated . When Marge accidentally discovers that Veronica is a man cross-dressed as a woman , she decides to keep quiet about it knowing that Patty will be marrying a man . However , at the ceremony , she is so moved by Patty 's vow that she is forced to reveal Veronica 's secret . After the ceremony is abruptly cancelled , Marge tells Patty that she now accepts her sexuality . This was the third time that an episode of The Simpsons focused on homosexuality . The episode -- written by J. Stewart Burns and directed by Nancy Kruse -- was inspired by the 2004 same-sex weddings that occurred in San Francisco . According to executive producer Al Jean , the staff wanted the episode to explore what the different characters ' stances on same-sex marriage were . Around the time of the episode 's original airdate , February 20 , 2005 , the same-sex marriage question was a hot political issue in the United States and the episode became controversial . `` There 's Something About Marrying '' received a lot of criticism from conservative groups , including the Parents Television Council and the American Family Association , that claimed it was promoting gay marriage . Jean stated in response that the staff was not taking a side on the issue and that they were just examining all sides of it . Positive reaction to the episode came from , among others , the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation and the gay-oriented website AfterEllen.com . During the first airing , 10.5 million people watched `` There 's Something About Marrying '' and it became the highest rated episode of the season . The episode had received a lot of publicity in the media before its broadcast -- not only because of the same-sex marriage controversy but also because of Patty 's outing . It was revealed in July 2004 , that a character would come out as gay in the episode , leading to much speculation from fans and the press . Bookmaker websites were even posting odds on which character it would be , with Patty receiving the best odds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "989150891e18920f11159f0a308d6d38", "text": "The Maid (Seinfeld) `` The Maid '' is the 175th episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld . This was the 19th episode of the ninth and final season . It aired on April 30 , 1998 . The working title for this episode was `` The Long-Distance Relationship . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
cda13ddd1dfec7ef3cd0ff54d27f281d	Las Vegas is renowned around the world.	[ { "docid": "9a6d1ca7ada5d77196d6aa778d470dc6", "text": "Las Vegas Las Vegas ( -LSB- lɑːs_ˈveɪɡəs -RSB- , Spanish for `` The Meadows '' ) , officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas , is the 28th-most populated city in the United States , the most populated city in the state of Nevada , and the county seat of Clark County . The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert . Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city known primarily for its gambling , shopping , fine dining , entertainment , and nightlife . It is the leading financial , commercial , and cultural center for Nevada . The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World , and is famous for its mega casino -- hotels and associated activities . It is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry , claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any city in the world . Today , Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the world 's most visited tourist destinations . The city 's tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City , and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature , films , television programs , and music videos . Las Vegas was settled in 1905 and officially incorporated in 1911 . At the close of the 20th century , it was the most populated American city founded within that century ( a similar distinction earned by Chicago in the 1800s ) . Population growth has accelerated since the 1960s , and between 1990 and 2000 the population nearly doubled , increasing by 85.2 % . Rapid growth has continued into the 21st century , and according to a 2013 estimate , the population is 603,488 with a regional population of 2,027,828 . `` Las Vegas '' is often used to describe areas beyond official city limits -- especially the areas on and near the Las Vegas Strip , which is actually located within the unincorporated communities of Paradise , Winchester , and Enterprise .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ba3b80f036ddb2cfd744cd3aec670d74", "text": "Symphony Park Symphony Park is a 61-acre site situated in downtown Las Vegas . The downtown area is located just a few miles north of the Las Vegas Strip and centrally within the Las Vegas Valley . Once housing a Union Pacific rail yard , Symphony Park currently is being master developed for mixed-use by the city of Las Vegas , which is also the landowner . Symphony Park is home to the Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health , Smith Center for the Performing Arts and the Discovery Children 's Museum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d38fef0cd1a1caad6d4fd76f6ff4be9c", "text": "Lyon Lyon ( -LSB- liːˈɒn -RSB- or -LSB- ˈliːɒn -RSB- -LSB- ljɔ̃ -RSB- , locally : -LSB- lijɔ̃ -RSB- Liyon -LSB- - frpʎjɔ̃ -RSB- ) is a city in east-central France , in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region , about 470 km from Paris , 320 km from Marseille and 55 km from Saint-Etienne . Inhabitants of the city are called Lyonnais . Lyon had a population of 506,615 in 2014 and is France 's third-largest city after Paris and Marseille . Lyon is the capital of the Metropolis of Lyon and the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes . The metropolitan area of Lyon had a population of 2,237,676 in 2013 , the second-largest in France after Paris . The city is known for its cuisine and gastronomy and historical and architectural landmarks and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Lyon was historically an important area for the production and weaving of silk . It played a significant role in the history of cinema : Auguste and Louis Lumière invented the cinematographe in Lyon . The city is also known for its famous light festival , Fête des Lumières , which occurs every 8 December and lasts for four days , earning Lyon the title of Capital of Lights . Economically , Lyon is a major centre for banking , as well as for the chemical , pharmaceutical , and biotech industries . The city contains a significant software industry with a particular focus on video games , and in recent years has fostered a growing local start-up sector . Lyon hosts the international headquarters of Interpol , Euronews , and International Agency for Research on Cancer . Lyon was ranked 19th globally and second in France for innovation in 2014 . It ranked second in France and 39th globally in Mercer 's 2015 liveability rankings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f714b7dfeb653c32cfc9df42668f47d2", "text": "Lani Misalucha Lani Bayot Misalucha ( born Lani Dimalanta Bayot on August 3 , 1972 ) is a Filipino singer who performs pop , rock , jazz , soul , rhythm and blues , and operatic arias . Her ability to sing across several genres gave her the title `` Asia 's Nightingale '' by MTV Southeast Asia . Since arriving in Las Vegas in 2004 , Misalucha has been called `` New Siren of the Strip . '' During her stint in Las Vegas , Misalucha performed with the Society of Seven at Bally 's Las Vegas and the Flamingo Las Vegas , making her the first Asian to headline in a main showroom at the Las Vegas Strip . She also performed alongside Earl Turner at the Westgate Las Vegas Resort & Casino . In March 2008 , she was voted the `` Best Singer '' ( staff pick ) in the `` 27th Annual Best of Las Vegas '' poll by the Las Vegas Review-Journal . In 2009 , Las Vegas Mayor Oscar Goodman proclaimed December 4 as `` Lani Misalucha Day '' in the city . In 2014 , Misalucha returned to the Philippines and signed a recording contract with Star Records , releasing an album entitled The Nightingale Returns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bbb7198fee0293dc476919162a05756", "text": "Cirque du Soleil: Worlds Away Cirque du Soleil : Worlds Away is a 2012 American 3D family fantasy film directed by Andrew Adamson . The film premiered on October 20 , 2012 at the Tokyo International Film Festival , and was released theatrically in the United States on December 21 , 2012 . Distributed worldwide by Paramount Pictures on December 21 , 2012 , the film tells the story of a girl named Mia going to a traveling circus and falling in love with its main attraction , the Aerialist . After the Aerialist falls during his act , he and Mia are transported to another world where each encounter the different worlds of Cirque du Soleil through O , Mystère , Kà , Love , Zumanity , Viva Elvis and Criss Angel Believe . It stars Erica Linz and Igor Zaripov as the main characters and incorporates acts from some of the Cirque du Soleil shows that were running in Las Vegas in 2011 including O , Mystère , Kà , Love , and Viva Elvis . The 3D used in the film was highly admired by critics on its Tokyo premiere . The Eels performed a song titled `` Calling for Your Love '' for the movie . The film incorporates acts from the seven Cirque du Soleil shows running in Las Vegasin 2011 : O , Mystère , Kà , Love , Zumanity , Viva Elvis and Criss Angel Believe . Each of the acts/performances was filmed on the stage of the theater in Las Vegas where the show is/was running : the acts from `` O '' at the `` O '' Theatre at the Bellagio , those from `` Ka '' at the Ka Theater at the MGM Grand , those from `` Love '' at the Love Theater at the Mirage , the act from `` Mystere '' at the Mystere Theater at Treasure Island , the act from `` Zumanity '' at the Zumanity Theater at the New York New York and the act from `` Viva Elvis '' at the Aria Theater . It was Reel FX 's first and only live action film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf3827eb70598dd95733a782b80e7c6", "text": "High roller A high roller , also referred to as a whale , is a gambler who wagers large amounts of money . High rollers often receive lavish `` comps '' from casinos to lure them onto the gambling floors , such as free private jet transfers , limousine use and use of the casinos ' best suites . Casinos may also extend credit to a player to continue betting , offer rebates on betting turnover or losses , and salaries of employees may also contain incentive arrangements to bring in high rollers . The definition of a high roller varies . At Crown Casino in Australia , for example , it involves bringing between A$ 50,000 and $ 75,000 to the table . High roller players often have very high table limits allowing the high roller exclusive use . Casinos compete on bet limits . In Australia limits of A$ 300,000 are common , in Las Vegas they are between US$ 150,000 and $ 300,000 , and in Macau they are up to US$ 500,000 . Only casinos with `` substantial financial firepower '' can accommodate high-stakes gambling due to the `` volatility '' of results . High rollers may also be subject to exceptions from various rules and regulations ; for example the high roller rooms at Crown Casino in Melbourne , Australia are the only licensed venue in the state not subject to a ban on smoking . High rollers are said to provide only a small fraction of casino `` action . '' John Eidsmoe , in his book Legalized Gambling : America 's Bad Bet , claims that it is actually gamblers from the lower and lower-middle classes in the United States that provide much of the gambling money . `` The occasional wealthy ` high roller ' does indeed exist , but he is the exception , not the standard . The fact that more than 50 % of Nevada 's gambling income comes from slot machines as opposed to the card tables should be an indication high rollers are not the main source of revenue . '' One example of a high roller is an Australian man who turned over more than A$ 1.5 billion in a 14-month period from 2005 , becoming `` one of Crown 's largest Australian players but not in the same league as -LSB- its -RSB- top international players '' . There have been many cases around the world where high rollers have committed fraud to provide funds for gambling beyond their means , after becoming seduced by the lifestyle . This was the case with famed gambler Terrance Watanabe who reputedly lost over $ 220M in Las Vegas over a 5-year period , and was ultimately sued by Caesars Entertainment for failing to pay up on markers he took out during the binge totaling $ 14.75 M. While high rollers may not provide a significant portion of the revenues in the casino industry as a whole , they can have a major effect on the net income of casinos that cater to them . There are significant costs associated with attracting the highest stakes gamblers , so if a casino takes this chance and the patron wins , its expenses can be extraordinarily large . But if the casino 's investment pays off and the high roller loses , the casino 's gain can far exceed its expenses for the high roller 's visit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd4fa23b0b9486db2de52b1625c31176", "text": "Christian Schoyen Christian Schoyen ( born February 13 , 1966 ) is a headhunter , expert in human behavior and futurist with speciality in human behavior futurology . He has since 1997 been the CEO for a successful international headhunting company that he founded , with offices in the U.S. and Europe . On October 7 , 2015 Christian received the honorary award ; ` Recognition of Your Contribution to the Community ' from Las Vegas Mayor Carolyn G. Goodman and the City Council as the founder for Heroes United and his work in Sierra Oeste . On November 14 , 2014 the film Vegas Vikings by Christian Schoyen was announced as the Best Nevada Film for 2014 by the Nevada International Film Festival , then on May 1 , 2015 as winner of the 2015 Golden Palm Award at Mexico International Film Festival and on May 5 , 2015 as winner of the Golden Kahuna Award at Honolulu Film Awards . The Vegas Vikings film documents the activities conducted in Las Vegas over 21 field days by Schoyen , taken place over a time period of two years , starting with Introduction of the Leif Erikson Day and ending with the Hometown Heroes United project in Sierra Oeste , which resulted in violent crime being reduced with 75 % . Christian said in an interview with Las Vegas Review Journal ; '' Making the community safer helped bring the neighborhood together . To us , it 's been exciting that we 've been able to change a situation that 's been so bleak . '' In an interview with Romerikes Blad , Schoyen said ; `` The success we achieved in Sierra Oeste means a lot to not just Nevada and Las Vegas , but also to the rest of America , as we through this collaborative initiative have proven what is possible , and that our blue-print can be applied to also other US cities . `` On December 19 , 2013 the parade and block party for the children of Sierra Oeste took place , launching the initiative of Hometown Heroes United , a group with Christian Schoyen as the project director , formed by the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department and Hometown Heroes to fight crime and improve the conditions for children in poverty . The block party which had Christmas music , free food , gifts and a drawing contest gathered hundreds of children in Sierra Oeste , which is considered to be the most dangerous place to live in Las Vegas . Over several weeks Christian and others involved in the project knocked on every door to get to know the families and better understand what troubles the community . Christian said in an interview with Las Vegas Review Journal ; '' We want to reduce crime and reach out to the children . We hope to bring a strong community spirit to the area , something that is vital for children to thrive and to break the cycle of violence that has plagued the neighborhood for years and hope we can alter that life path . Transforming a neighborhood known to many as the `` baby ghetto '' wo n't be easy . A drastic situation needs drastic measures . '' On October 8 , 2013 the Hometown Heroes Leif Erikson Awards took place at South Point Hotel , Casino & Spa in Las Vegas hosted by Christian Schoyen with awards presented by Las Vegas Mayor Pro Tem Stavros Anthony , where the good deeds of nine Nevadans where recognized with the Hometown Heroes Leif Erikson Award and Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department with the Leif Erikson `` Viking of honor '' lifetime award . The recipients have been featured on the `` Hometown Heroes '' television show appearing on KCLV Channel 2 . The celebration of the modern day Vikings of Las Vegas was done in conjunction with the 50-year celebration of when Leif Erikson Day was first suggested in Congress as a national observance . On April 29 , 2013 Hometown Heroes ( talk show ) , hosted by Christian , which spotlights individuals in the Las Vegas community , who have made a difference in others ' lives premiered on KCLV Channel 2 . Christian said in an interview with Las Vegas Review Journal ; `` I 'm out to raise the social consciousness of the community by highlighting those who help others '' . I found the same patterns in every person I interviewed for the show . They all had a mental fortitude that shrugged off temporary setbacks to continue moving forward . They saw their work not as a chore , but as their passion . With any recognition , they were quick to deflect the praise and characterize it as a team effort . They were meant to be here in Las Vegas . They 're high-energy , driven people who feel a responsibility to help others . '' `` I hope by showcasing people who have helped others , `` Hometown Heroes '' could inspire more people to become role models . On October 3 , 2012 Christian accepted from Las Vegas Mayor Carolyn G. Goodman on behalf of the Vegas Viking Lodge . of Sons of Norway and the more than 50,000 Scandinavians in Las Vegas proclamation of October 9 being the official Leif Erikson Day throughout the city . The ceremony took place at City Hall and was televised live on KCLV Channel 2 . To nurture the core Viking traits in children growing up in Las Vegas represented by Leif Erikson 's legacy a drawing competition sponsored by Vegas Viking lodge was in conjunction with the day announced . The lodge works with the Clark County School District and Christian said in an interview with Las Vegas Review-Journal ; `` We can influence young minds , especially when they 're the most open ( under age 12 ) as eighty-five percent of your conditioning is fixed before you 're 12 . We want to further the understanding of what it meant to be a Viking and how that approach to life can apply to their lives . The Vikings represent role models , and we believe everybody needs role models . What stops people is fear ; if you can overcome fear , your potential as a human being is much greater ; it can open doors . '' In 2011 , Christian 's futuring project ; `` Las Vegas 2020 '' was selected for presentation at World Future Society international Conference in Vancouver , Canada . The project which was done in conjunction with futurist Nils Rasmussen introduced a new model for city government , together with a vision of how to ensure optimal allocation of resources to provide a higher quality of life for the citizens of Las Vegas . He has written several books , this including ; Can People Change ? - When trapped in a bubble , which has its basis in his 17-year study in human behavior and predictability . His docudrama Living the Dream linking childhood conditioning to adulthood plays an important part of his behavior study . Christian is also the author of the US bestselling book for companies on how to recruit ; Secrets of the Executive Search Experts , The Hidden Job Market : Secrets of an International Headhunter , Recruitment in the European Economic Area ( EEA ) : Forecast of Future Labour Market ( The Norwegian Government Research Council / ISBN 978-1-4675-2151-2 ) , How to Get the Job : A Handbook for International Job Seekers and A Second Life : Your Second Chance at Life . Christian graduated with a BBA from Pacific Lutheran University , Tacoma , WA in 1991 and conducted his ethnic studies at California State University , Northridge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7810f21f142dbe00b4c3d03a76b48de", "text": "Extreme tourism Extreme tourism ( also often referred to as shock tourism , although both concepts do not appear strictly similar ) is a niche in the tourism industry involving travel to dangerous places ( mountains , jungles , deserts , caves , canyons , etc. ) or participation in dangerous events . Extreme tourism overlaps with extreme sport . The two share the main attraction , `` adrenaline rush '' caused by an element of risk , and differing mostly in the degree of engagement and professionalism . While traditional tourism requires significant investments in hotels , roads , etc. , extreme tourism requires much less to jump-start a business . In addition to traditional travel-based tourism destinations , various exotic attractions are suggested , such as flyovers in MiGs at Mach 2.5 , ice diving in the White Sea , or travelling across the Chernobyl zone . Some of the Extreme tourism famous attractions in the world : Chernobyl Tours -- Ukraine . Swimming in the Devil 's Pool in Victoria Falls -- Zambia and Zimbabwe . Walking the Plank at Mount Hua -- China . Death Road Tour -- Bolivia . Green Zone -- Baghdad , Iraq . Sac Actun tours - Riviera Maya , Mexico Cave of Swallows - Mexico", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95a0d49720c76c014c9169e0f2e8b169", "text": "Vegas Robaina Vegas Robaina is the name of a premium cigar brand , produced on the island of Cuba for Habanos SA , the Cuban state-owned tobacco company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "500d96389ea1649e8ae7ea2a25845a38", "text": "Hustler Casino Larry Flynt 's Hustler Casino is a casino in Gardena , California , approximately 15 miles ( 25 km ) south of Downtown Los Angeles . It is owned by Hustler magazine publisher Larry Flynt through his El Dorado Enterprises holding company . It has been in operation since June 22 , 2000 . Of all of Larry Flynt 's businesses the Hustler Casino is the most profitable , earning over $ 20 million annually . The Hustler Casino was built on land that was formerly occupied by the El Dorado Club , which Flynt purchased in 1998 for $ 8 million . A major expansion was completed in February 2007 which included The Crystal Room which serves as a combination card room , conference room and poker tournament site . Since 1997 , Flynt has hosted `` the biggest seven-card stud game in the world '' ; the game started at Flynt 's home but moved to his casino when it opened . As of April 2007 , the minimum buy-in is $ 200,000 , with $ 1000 antes and stakes of $ 2,000 - $ 4,000 . Unlike most high-stakes ring games , Flynt 's game is held in a corner of the casino 's main poker room floor . Regulars at the table include Phil Ivey , Barry Greenstein , and Ted Forrest . Another regular was Chip Reese before his death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebafdaf74c7bff63645d060f57ea0f50", "text": "IZOD IndyCar World Championships The IZOD IndyCar World Championship Presented by Honda was an IndyCar Series race on the 1.5 mi Las Vegas Motor Speedway , held from 1996 -- 2000 , and again in 2011 . It was first known as the Las Vegas 500k . The Champ Car World Series held a race at the track during the 2004 and 2005 seasons as doubleheaders with the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series and a street race was held in Las Vegas at the Fremont Street Experience in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b8353df6fd255ed36dfdd1f34e0a0b8", "text": "Seal of Nevada The Great Seal of the State of Nevada is derived from the Seal of the Territory of Nevada . As Nevada prepared for statehood in 1864 , its Constitutional Convention began to formalize the features of the state 's official seel . Nevada was admitted as a state on October 31 , 1864 by proclamation of President Abraham Lincoln . On February 24 , 1866 , the motto `` Volens et Potens '' ( `` Willing and Able '' ) was replaced by `` All for Our Country '' . The design of the seal was formalized , and Nevada 's mineral resources are featured with a silver miner and his team moving a carload of ore from a mountain in the foreground . A quartz mill stands before another mountain . Transportation and communication are symbolized by a train steaming across the background , with telegraph poles spanning the distance . Agriculture is represented by a sheaf of wheat , a sickle , and a plow in the foreground . Nevada 's natural environment is symbolized by a brilliant sun rising over snow-capped peaks . The inner circle of the seal carries the motto `` All for Our Country '' , and Nevada 's entry into the Union as the 36th state is shown with 36 stars completing the inner ring . The perimeter of the seal proclaims `` The Great Seal of the State of Nevada '' . Mark Twain was said to have convinced the designer to make the two trails of smoke blow in opposite directions as a prank , which was later rectified when the mistake was realized .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7e3f50fbd4399d43270b194a33d3888", "text": "Hollywood Sign The Hollywood Sign ( formerly the Hollywoodland Sign ) is a landmark and American cultural icon located in Los Angeles , California . It is situated on Mount Lee , in the Hollywood Hills area of the Santa Monica Mountains . The sign overlooks Hollywood , Los Angeles . `` HOLLYWOOD '' is spelled out in 45 ft-tall white capital letters and is 350 feet ( 106.7 m ) long . It was originally created in 1923 as an advertisement for a local real estate development , but it garnered increasing recognition after the sign was left up . The sign was a frequent target of pranks and vandalism , but it has since undergone restoration , including the installation of a security system to deter vandalism . The sign is protected and promoted by The Trust For Public Land , a nonprofit organization , while its site and the surrounding land are part of Griffith Park . From the ground , the contours of the hills give the sign a wavy appearance . When observed at a comparable altitude , the letters appear nearly level . The sign makes frequent appearances in popular culture , particularly in establishing shots for films and television programs set in or around Hollywood . Signs of similar style , but spelling different words , are frequently seen as parodies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e9a36059c1db5c89b8c5462df134453", "text": "Downtown Grand The Downtown Grand Las Vegas , formerly the Lady Luck Hotel & Casino , is a hotel and casino in Downtown Las Vegas , Nevada , owned by the CIM Group and operated by Fifth Street Gaming . The Downtown Grand is the centerpiece of Downtown3rd , a new neighborhood and entertainment district under development in downtown Las Vegas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d30d1cb2146c89a23b4caf5391ff98f", "text": "1970 World Series of Poker The World Series of Poker was first held in 1970 . Unlike the WSOP events that followed it , which are decided using a freeze-out tournament , the 1970 champion was decided from a vote by the players . Jack Binion invited the best seven poker players in America to his Binion 's Horseshoe casino in Las Vegas , Nevada to decide who was America 's best poker player . After a cash game session , Johnny Moss was voted the best in the world by `` Amarillo Slim '' Preston , Sailor Roberts , Doyle Brunson , Puggy Pearson , Crandell Addington , and Carl Cannon . Moss was awarded a silver cup rather than a bracelet , as bracelet was n't established as the prize until 1976 . According to an apocryphal legend , two votes were taken to determine the best player in the world . In the first , the players were asked to vote for the best player , and , the story goes , each voted for himself . In the second vote , they were asked to vote for the second-best player , and Moss won the vote .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38b25064f7347a74fe84e6de646b71c8", "text": "Las Vegas Nevada Temple The Las Vegas Nevada Temple is the 43rd operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . Located in the Sunrise Manor CDP near Las Vegas , Nevada , the temple sits on 10.3 acre of land at the base of Frenchman Mountain . A groundbreaking ceremony and site dedication for the temple were held in November 1985 . Gordon B. Hinckley , then a counselor in the church 's First Presidency , presided and gave the dedication prayer . Construction began soon after the ceremony . After construction was completed , the temple was open to the public for tours between November 16 and December 9 , 1989 . Almost 300,000 toured the temple and its grounds during these three weeks . The temple has six spires , the highest of which is 119 ft. At the top of this tower stands a ten-foot statue of the angel Moroni . The exterior is a white finish of pre-cast stone walls with a copper roof . The temple has 192 rooms , which includes four ordinance rooms , a Celestial room , six sealing rooms , a baptismal font , and other facilities to meet the needs of the purposes of the temple . Hinckley dedicated the Las Vegas Nevada Temple in sessions held December 16 -- 18 , 1989 . Eleven sessions were held and more than 30,000 Latter-day Saints attended the dedicatory services .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0296e0cf16664b363e9ac343ef0bece6", "text": "Belinda Mulrooney Belinda Mulrooney ( 1872 -- 1967 ) was an entrepreneur and purportedly the `` richest woman in the Klondike '' . She made one fortune in the Klondike Gold Rush , lost it , and amassed a second , which lasted most of her life . Mulrooney was born in Ireland . When she was young , her family either emigrated to Pennsylvania , where her father worked as a miner in Scranton , or sent her to live with relatives there . She set out on her own and operated a sandwich stand during the 1893 World 's Columbian Exposition in Chicago . With her profits , she traveled to San Francisco in 1894 to set up an ice cream parlor . Undaunted when she lost everything in a fire , she found employment as a stewardess on a Pacific Coast Steamship Company ship plying its route from California to Alaska , earning extra money by selling necessities and luxuries to the passengers . Discovery of gold at Juneau , Alaska motivated her to move north in 1896 . Then came the Klondike Gold Rush to the east , in Canada . Instead of seeking her fortune as a prospector , Mulrooney bought supplies of `` silk underwear , bolts of cotton cloth and hot water bottles '' with her savings of $ 5000 and transported them over the Chilkoot Pass to Dawson City , where she sold them for six times that amount in June 1897 . She built a restaurant in Dawson , then a roadhouse , the Grand Forks Hotel and restaurant , near the gold fields . Prospering , she started buying mining claims as well ; by the end of the year , she either owned or was a partner in five . She sold the hotel for $ 24,000 and set about building the finest hotel in Dawson . The Fairview Hotel opened its doors on July 27 , 1898 , with a restaurant and rooms for thirty guests . Mulrooney once partnered with fellow Klondike legend Alex McDonald to salvage the cargo from a small ship wrecked on a sand bar . McDonald got there first and took all of the food , leaving only gum boots and whiskey for her . She got her revenge , however . The next spring , when McDonald needed boots for his workers , he had to pay her $ 100 a pair . On October 1 , 1900 , Mulrooney married self-styled `` Count '' Charles Eugene Carbonneau , who claimed to be a French aristocrat , but was actually a champagne salesman and former barber from Quebec . By 1903 or 1904 , the couple separated , and she lost her fortune . She obtained a divorce in December 1906 . Starting over , she moved to Fairbanks , Alaska in 1904 or 1905 and prospered once again . She established the Dome City Bank in Fairbanks with her younger sister Margaret . Mulrooney eventually retired to Yakima , Washington , where she had a large mansion built . She supported her family until her money ran out . She then moved to Seattle , where she died in 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "767f69b185b5f2962844f784165835f4", "text": "List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas The city of Las Vegas , Nevada and its surrounding unincorporated communities in the Las Vegas Valley are the sites of more than 160 high-rises , 42 of which stand taller than 400 ft. The tallest structure in the city is the Stratosphere Tower , which rises 1149 ft just north of the Las Vegas Strip . The tower is also the tallest observation tower in the United States . Since the Stratosphere Tower is not fully habitable , however , it is not considered a building . The tallest building in Las Vegas is the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas , which rises 735 ft and was topped out in November 2008 . This building , however , is currently on hold . The tallest completed building in the city is the 52-story Palazzo , which rises 642 ft and was completed in 2007 . The history of skyscrapers in Las Vegas began with the 1954 completion of the Castaways Hotel and Casino in Downtown Las Vegas ; the 216 ft structure stood as the tallest building in the city until 1961 , and was demolished in 2006 . Beginning with the completion of the Diamond of the Dunes Tower in 1961 , high-rise hotels began to become more concentrated on the Las Vegas Strip . The first high-rise hotel and casino resort to rise higher than 492 ft was the 529 ft New York-New York Hotel & Casino , completed in 1997 . Las Vegas entered into a skyscraper-building boom in the late 1990s that has continued to the present ; of the city 's 40 tallest skyscrapers , 39 were completed after 1997 . As of 2012 , the skyline of Las Vegas is ranked 66th in the world and 18th in the United States with 176 completed high-rises . In what is being dubbed a `` Manhattanization wave '' , there are over 30 skyscrapers that are proposed , approved or under construction in the city that are planned to rise over 400 ft in height . The tallest building approved for the city is the World Jewelry Center , which is planned for construction in Downtown Las Vegas . The 815 ft tower is part of a proposal to construct a hub for the world 's jewelry industry , across from World Market Center Las Vegas . The tallest building under construction in Las Vegas is the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas , which has also been the tallest building in the city since its topping out in November 2008 ; construction on the building was suspended in mid-2009 and is currently on hold under owner Carl Icahn . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d673aa192d292ba26f461c017841af7", "text": "History of Las Vegas This history of Las Vegas covers both the city of Las Vegas , Nevada , and the Las Vegas Valley . The name Las Vegas was given to the area in 1829 by an Australian scout named Richard , a member of the Antonio Armijo trading party that was traveling to Los Angeles , and stopped for water there while heading north and west on the Old Spanish Trail from New Mexico . At that time , several parts of the valley contained artesian wells surrounded by extensive green areas ; Las Vegas means the meadows in Spanish . The flows from the wells fed the Las Vegas Wash , which runs to the Colorado River .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca10264e9595c776a10ea8aad685bbc3", "text": "City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City . A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states . Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "198751b8ffccab89a186e7bda42333bb", "text": "Panorama Towers Panorama Towers is a high-rise residential condominium complex located in Paradise , Nevada . Developed by Laurence Hallier and Andrew Sasson , the $ 600 million aqua-blue glass 635-unit complex sits on 8.5 acres on Dean Martin Drive and is centrally located across from the Las Vegas Strip 1/4 mile from CityCenter . The complex consists of two towers , completed in 2006 and 2007 . A third tower was completed in 2008 , and was later rebranded as The Martin in 2011 . A fourth tower had been planned , but was never built . With the opening of Tower I in 2006 , the 420 ft structure was the 16th tallest in Las Vegas Valley at the time of construction and is currently ranked 35th along with the Marriott 's Grand Chateau .", "title": "" } ]	fever
dd35d9a4d97b21a67c528bdfadd33a83	Henri Poincare was an iPhone.	[ { "docid": "92e8765d8442ba739c4cd08e30c0498a", "text": "Henri Poincaré Jules Henri Poincaré ( -LSB- ʒyl ɑ̃ʁi pwɛ̃kaʁe -RSB- ; 29 April 1854 -- 17 July 1912 ) was a French mathematician , theoretical physicist , engineer , and philosopher of science . He is often described as a polymath , and in mathematics as The Last Universalist by Eric Temple Bell , since he excelled in all fields of the discipline as it existed during his lifetime . As a mathematician and physicist , he made many original fundamental contributions to pure and applied mathematics , mathematical physics , and celestial mechanics . He was responsible for formulating the Poincaré conjecture , which was one of the most famous unsolved problems in mathematics until it was solved in 2002 -- 2003 by Grigori Perelman . In his research on the three-body problem , Poincaré became the first person to discover a chaotic deterministic system which laid the foundations of modern chaos theory . He is also considered to be one of the founders of the field of topology . Poincaré made clear the importance of paying attention to the invariance of laws of physics under different transformations , and was the first to present the Lorentz transformations in their modern symmetrical form . Poincaré discovered the remaining relativistic velocity transformations and recorded them in a letter to Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz ( 1853 -- 1928 ) in 1905 . Thus he obtained perfect invariance of all of Maxwell 's equations , an important step in the formulation of the theory of special relativity . In 1905 , Poincaré first proposed gravitational waves ( ondes gravifiques ) emanating from a body and propagating at the speed of light as being required by the Lorentz transformations . The Poincaré group used in physics and mathematics was named after him .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4ec57f1e324a5c6eb42d795701372ebf", "text": "Henri Jules, Prince of Condé Henri Jules de Bourbon ( Paris , 29 July 1643 -- Paris , 1 April 1709 ) was prince de Condé , from 1686 to his death . At the end of his life he suffered from clinical lycanthropy and was considered insane .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b23da156beb1a8c994e677d755b3f0d", "text": "Réseau Sentinelles The Réseau Sentinelles or Sentinelles Network ( a.k.a. French Communicable Diseases Computer Network ) is a network of 1 260 volunteer `` médecins généralistes '' , or general practitioners , working throughout the metropolitan regions of France ( 2 % of the total general practitioners in these regions ) . Its goal is to provide clinical surveillance in France for 14 health indicators . Each member doctor is known as a `` médecin Sentinelles '' ( or `` Sentinelles doctor '' ) . This network , created in November 1984 by Professor Alain-Jacques Valleron , is regulated under the auspices of the mixed research unit U707 of Inserm and University of Paris VI : Pierre et Marie Curie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d3c1ccc1cee37ef1da67eabadd96f50", "text": "Archos Archos ( -LSB- ˈɑrkoʊs -RSB- , stylized as ARCHOS ) is a French multinational electronics company that was established in 1988 by Henri Crohas . Archos manufactures tablets , smartphones , portable media players and portable data storage devices . The name is an anagram of Crohas ' last name , and it is also Greek for `` master '' . The company 's slogan has been updated from `` Think Smaller '' to `` On The Go '' and the current `` Entertainment your way '' . Archos has developed a variety of products , including digital audio players , portable video players ( PVP ) , digital video recorders , a personal digital assistant , netbooks , more recently tablet computers using Google Android and Microsoft Windows ( tablet PCs ) , and smartphones . In 2013 , the company entered the mobile phone market by launching a series of smartphone models in the market . Archos Titanium , Archos Platinum , Archos Neon , Archos Xenon , Archos Cesium , Archos Oxygen , Archos Helium , and Archos Diamond .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08fa41858835d0ac12bef8e750b2003f", "text": "Foucault's lectures at the Collège de France On the proposal of Jules Vuillemin , a chair in the department of Philosophy and History was created at Collège de France to replace the late Jean Hyppolite . The title of the new chair was The history of systems of thought and it was created on 30 November 1969 . Vuillemin put forward the then-little known outside the shores of France-philosopher Michel Foucault - to the general assembly of professors and Foucault was duly elected on the 12th April 1970 . He was 44 years old . As required by this appointment he held a series of public lectures from 1970 until his death in 1984 . These lectures in which he further advanced his work , were summarised from audio recordings and edited by Michel Senellart . They were subsequently translated into English and further edited by Graham Burchell and published posthumously by St Martin 's Press .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "221604e5879d85f51c85023eecfabed2", "text": "GyPSii GyPSii is a provider of geosocial networking applications and services for the iPhone , iPod , iPad , BlackBerry OS , Android and Java-based phones , Symbian S60 and S40 , Windows Mobile and MID notebooks . The company is headquartered in Amsterdam , Netherlands , with offices in Asia and the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4108ef3260867586c1cbedfa9a0770b3", "text": "Dominique de Quervain Dominique de Quervain ( born December 8 , 1968 ) is a Swiss neuroscientist . He is professor of neuroscience and director of the Division of Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Basel , Switzerland . He is known for his pioneering research into the use of glucocorticoids ( cortisol ) in the treatment of PTSD and phobias . He is understood to have found a link between cortisol and forgetting , specifically that cortisol can inhibit memory retrieval . Furthermore , he is known for his important contributions to the field of genetics of human memory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d82f46c26e8f250ea1ea4607144f4a0", "text": "Carlos Blacker Carlos Paton ( ` C.P. ' ) Blacker GM MC FRCP ( 8 December 1895 -- 21 April 1975 ) was an eminent war hero , psychiatrist and eugenicist who worked with R.A. Fisher and Lionel Penrose . Blacker was educated at Eton and Oxford where he attained distinction in biology under the tutelage of Julian Huxley . He served with the Coldstream Guards during World War I and was twice mentioned in dispatches and awarded the Military Cross , for action in which he was involved in on 15 September 1916 . Twelve months previously he had lost his only sibling , a brother Robin , at Loos . Robin had also been an officer in the Coldstream Guards . C.P felt that war was dysgenic because it killed people who tended to be above the physical average and deterred thoughtful people from parenthood . He was deeply shaken by his war experience and in coming to terms with it and the loss of his brother and many of his contemporaries acknowledged a debt to Freud 's writings which stimulated in him an interest in psychiatry . Qualifying in medicine in 1925 , Blacker became a registrar in Guy 's Hospital 's psychiatric department for three years and continued his study at the Maudsley Hospital . He later became a part-time member of its teaching staff and was later the first chairman of the newly-established Simon Population Trust . In 1943 , on active service , Blacker was awarded the George Medal . The official citation read : From 1931 to 1952 , Blacker was secretary of the Eugenics Society and he gave it a new focus on birth control and population planning . . His appointment as Secretary was `` not without some misgivings of -LSB- Leonard -RSB- Darwin , its chairman . The differences in outlook , aspirations and in judgement of these two men during their partnership in office in the Eugenics Society led to tensions which have been ably traced by Richard Soloway . Two prominent issues here were Darwin 's reluctance to endorse Blacker 's deep-rooted conviction that research and provision of contraception should be a major feature in the Eugenic Society 's strategy to reduce the fecundity of the lower , less able classes and his disagreement with Blacker 's aspiration to redirect more of the Eugenic Society 's effort from education and propaganda to research and promotion of contraception . '' Ann Thetis Blacker ( 1927 -- 2006 ) , the painter and singer , was a daughter of Carlos Blacker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "465c1b5ebdee2d90c342d82f881a1c32", "text": "Bernard-Henri Lévy Bernard-Henri Lévy ( -LSB- bɛʁnaʁ ɑ̃ʁi levi -RSB- ; born 5 November 1948 ) is a French public intellectual , media personality , and author . Often referred to in France simply as BHL , he was one of the leaders of the `` Nouveaux Philosophes '' ( New Philosophers ) movement in 1976 . The Boston Globe has said that he is `` perhaps the most prominent intellectual in France today '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c320f0a833a357666a64f69b879d0e4f", "text": "Henri Tresca Henri Édouard Tresca ( 12 October 1814 -- 21 June 1885 ) was a French mechanical engineer , and a professor at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers in Paris . He is the father of the field of plasticity , or non-recoverable deformations , which he explored in an extensive series of experiments begun in 1864 . He is the discoverer of the Tresca ( or maximal shear stress ) criterion of material failure . The criterion specifies that a material would flow plastically if Tresca 's criterion is one of two main failure criteria used today for ductile materials . The second important criterion is due to von Mises . See comparison on the image left : Tresca 's stature as an engineer was such that Gustave Eiffel put his name on number 3 in his list of 72 people making the Eiffel tower in Paris possible . Tresca was also among the designers of the prototype meter bar that served as the first standard of length for the metric system . After the Convention of the Metre had been signed in 1875 , the International Bureau of Weights and Measures ( BIPM ) in Sèvres , France made 28 prototype line standards of platinum-iridium . The bars had a cross section shaped like a modified letter X , designed by Tresca , called the `` Tresca section '' . The Tresca section was designed to provide maximum stiffness . In addition , one surface of the central rib that joined the arms was designed to coincide with the bar 's neutral plane , the mathematical plane inside the bar that did n't change length when the bar bent . The two marks near each end of the bar which defined the meter were ruled on this surface . Thus , to first order , the distance between the marks would n't change due to the slight sagging of the bar under its own weight between support points . One of the bars was selected as the International Meter . The United States received National Prototype Meters No. 27 and No. 21 in 1890 . When the Mendenhall Order in 1893 declared the meter to be the fundamental length standard , No. 27 became the US primary national standard for all length measurements . It remained so until 1960 . Tresca was made an honorary member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1882 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "280ea16a51e4cd7826d726a0e8f82106", "text": "Henri Joly Henri Joly ( 1866 -- 1945 ) was a French inventor and businessman . He developed early versions of motion picture film , cameras , and projectors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c38738c8085f5afd9abbd080e4fe3637", "text": "Phenomenology (philosophy) Phenomenology ( from Greek phainómenon `` that which appears '' and lógos `` study '' ) is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness . As a philosophical movement it was founded in the early years of the 20th century by Edmund Husserl and was later expanded upon by a circle of his followers at the universities of Göttingen and Munich in Germany . It then spread to France , the United States , and elsewhere , often in contexts far removed from Husserl 's early work . Phenomenology should not be considered as a unitary movement ; rather , different authors share a common family resemblance but also with many significant differences . Accordingly : A unique and final definition of phenomenology is dangerous and perhaps even paradoxical as it lacks a thematic focus . In fact , it is not a doctrine , nor a philosophical school , but rather a style of thought , a method , an open and ever-renewed experience having different results , and this may disorient anyone wishing to define the meaning of phenomenology.Phenomenology , in Husserl 's conception , is primarily concerned with the systematic reflection on and study of the structures of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in acts of consciousness . Phenomenology can be clearly differentiated from the Cartesian method of analysis which sees the world as objects , sets of objects , and objects acting and reacting upon one another . Husserl 's conception of phenomenology has been criticized and developed not only by himself but also by students , such as Edith Stein and Roman Ingarden , by hermeneutic philosophers , such as Martin Heidegger , by existentialists , such as Nicolai Hartmann , Gabriel Marcel , Maurice Merleau-Ponty , Jean-Paul Sartre , and by other philosophers , such as Max Scheler , Paul Ricoeur , Jean-Luc Marion , Michel Henry , Emmanuel Levinas , Jacques Derrida , and sociologists Alfred Schütz and Eric Voegelin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f07d5fb52651bff616e8fa74d3058fcf", "text": "Henri Pognon Henri Pognon ( 13 May 1853 -- 16 March 1921 ) was a French archaeologist , epigrapher , specialist in Assyriology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae8b7e042561bdaa54b065109338fe7c", "text": "Henri Laborit Henri Laborit ( 21 November 1914 -- 18 May 1995 ) was a French surgeon , writer and philosopher . In 1952 , Laborit was instrumental in the development of the drug chlorpromazine , published his findings , and convinced three psychiatrists to test it on a patient , resulting in great success . Laborit was recognized for his work , but as a surgeon searching for an anesthetic , he wound up at odds with psychiatrists who made their own discoveries and competing claims . Laborit was personally untroubled by the requirements of science and the constraints of university life . He maintained an independence from academia and never sought to produce the orderly results that science requires of its adherents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15bea362884bc8a434b1812b20c1265f", "text": "Spacetime In physics , spacetime is any mathematical model that combines space and time into a single interwoven continuum . Until the turn of the 20th century , the assumption had been that the three-dimensional geometry of the universe ( its description in terms of locations , shapes , distances , and directions ) was distinct from time ( the measurement of when events occur within the universe ) . However , Albert Einstein 's 1905 special theory of relativity postulated that the speed of light through empty space has one definite value -- a constant -- that is independent of the motion of the light source . Einstein 's equations precisely described important consequences of this fact : both the shape of space and the measurement of time simultaneously change for observers who have different relative velocities , which is to say , for observers who have different inertial frames of reference . Einstein 's theory was framed in terms of kinematics ( the study of moving bodies ) , and showed how measurements of space and time varied for observers in different reference frames . His theory was a breakthrough advance over Lorentz 's 1904 theory of electromagnetic phenomena and Poincaré 's electrodynamic theory . Although these theories included equations identical to those that Einstein introduced ( i.e. the Lorentz transformation ) , they were essentially ad hoc models proposed to explain the results of various experiments -- including the famous Michelson -- Morley interferometer experiment -- that were extremely difficult to fit into existing paradigms . In 1908 , Hermann Minkowski , expanding upon Einstein 's work , presented a geometric interpretation of special relativity that fused time and the three spatial dimensions of space into a single four-dimensional continuum now known as Minkowski space -- an example of what mathematicians call a 4‑dimensional manifold . A key feature of this interpretation is the definition of a spacetime interval that combines distance and time . Although measurements of distance and time between events differ among observers , the spacetime interval is independent of the inertial frame of reference in which they are recorded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d60e3aceac1d68eceaab1f0fba64eca", "text": "Polytech'Paris-UPMC Within the French University `` Pierre et Marie Curie '' ( Paris VI ) there is an engineering school offering courses backed by research laboratories and leading to a state-recognised degree . The Polytech ` Paris-UPMC is a member of the Polytech ' Network , which is a network of 11 graduate engineering schools within France 's leading science universities located in Marseille , Nantes , Montpellier , Nice , Grenoble , Paris , Chambéry , Clermont-Ferrand , Orléans , Tours and Lille . The University 's School of Engineering is an active member of the `` N + i '' network", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63e15ea389872a88ede3216d38b52d19", "text": "Groupe X-Crise The Groupe X-Crise ( or X-Crise ) was a French technocratic movement created in 1931 as a consequence of the 1929 Wall Street stock market crash and the Great Depression . Formed by former students of the École Polytechnique ( nicknamed `` X '' ) , it advocated planisme , or economic planification , as opposed to the then dominant ideology of classical liberalism which they held to have failed . Their ideas would not be put into practice until the Vichy era , when many technocrats seized the opportunity to reconstruct France . However , many members of the group joined the Resistance and opposed the Vichy regime , ultimately participating in the post-war administration . X-Crise was founded by Gérard Bardet and André Loizillon , and its members included Raymond Abellio , Louis Vallon , Jean Coutrot , Jules Moch and Alfred Sauvy , who as head of the INED demographic institute after World War II coined the term `` Third World '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0b066738b9dfbd3ddb4ca84a5bdc149", "text": "Pompidou People named Pompidou include : Georges Pompidou , former French Prime Minister and President Alain Pompidou , foster son of Georges Pompidou and President of the European Patent Office from July 1 , 2004 to June 30 , 2007 Named after President Pompidou is : Centre Georges Pompidou , the Parisian building also known as The Pompidou Centre", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df033583b0df1fe8e9a5a20ce09aa81b", "text": "Georges Gilles de la Tourette Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette ( 30 October 1857 -- 26 May 1904 ) was a French physician and the namesake of Tourette 's syndrome , a neurological condition characterized by physical and verbal tics . He was born in the small town of Saint-Gervais-les-Trois-Clochers in the district of Châtellerault , near the city of Loudun . He could be retrospectively classified as a neurologist , but the field did not exist in his time . During 1873 Tourette began medical studies at Poitiers . He later relocated to Paris where he became a student , amanuensis , and house physician of his mentor , the influential contemporary neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot , director of the Salpêtrière Hospital . Charcot also helped him to advance in his academic career . Tourette studied and lectured in psychotherapy , hysteria and medical and legal ramifications of mesmerism ( modern-day hypnosis ) . Tourette described the symptoms of Tourette 's syndrome in nine patients in 1884 , using the name `` maladie des tics '' . Charcot renamed the syndrome `` Gilles de la Tourette 's illness '' in his honor . In 1893 , a former female patient shot Tourette in the head , claiming he had hypnotized her against her will . Both Tourette and many modern hypnologists state that this is impossible . His mentor , Charcot , had died recently , and his young son had also died recently . After these events , Tourette began to experience mood swings between depression and hypomania . Nevertheless , he organized public lectures in which he spoke about literacy , mesmerism and theatre . Tourette published an article on hysteria in the German Army , which angered Bismarck , and a further article about unhygienic conditions in the floating hospitals on the river Thames . With Gabriel Legué he analyzed abbess Jeanne des Anges ' account of her hysteria that was allegedly based on her unrequited love for a priest Urbain Grandier , who was later burned for witchcraft . Around 1902 , Tourette 's condition worsened and he was dismissed from his post . Gilles de la Tourette died on 26 May 1904 in a psychiatric hospital in Lausanne , Switzerland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "954c04df1ddf86a06e84e020fa1d6511", "text": "Point of interface In Telecommunications a Point of Interface ( POI ) is used to show the physical interface between two different carriers , such as a local exchange carrier ( LEC ) and a wireless carrier or an LEC and an IntereXchange Carrier ( IXC ) . This demarcation point often defines responsibility as well as serving as a point for testing . In many cases , a POI exists as a point of demarcation ( `` DEMARC '' ) within an LEC building , and is established under `` Co-Location '' agreements . A long distance , wireless , or competitive local carrier ` rents ' space at the local telephone ( usually tandem switch ) location . This space is physically a ` cage ' in which a device for interconnecting telecom services is installed . This ` device ' was originally a wire frame with one side being accessed by the LEC , and the other side accessed by the `` other '' carrier . In recent years , ` electronic frames ' such as a digital cross-connect systems have been used as POI devices . Local exchange services are ordered from the local telephone carrier who delivers the service to ` their side ' of the POI . The ` other ' carrier then arranges to its own facilities ( fiber , or other type of transport ) into the POI and transport the service to its own network facilities.This point of interconnection are used in IT industries also .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d2498aa099513f3b7053108c5fe314f", "text": "P.I.P.S. P.I.P.S. is a term ( recursive acronym ) for Symbian software libraries that means , P.I.P.S. Is POSIX on Symbian OS . It is intended to help C language programmers in migration of desktop and server middleware , applications to Symbian OS based mobile smartphone devices .", "title": "" } ]	fever
879ce3b49ffbe13e8819ace0af3e3743	Lisbon's status as a capital has been officially confirmed.	[ { "docid": "0e5f177fd07cb69d623ac792473a3de2", "text": "Lisbon Lisbon ( -LSB- ˈlɪzbən -RSB- Lisboa , -LSB- liʒˈβoɐ -RSB- ) is the capital and the largest city of Portugal , with a population of 552,700 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km ² . Its urban area extends beyond the city 's administrative limits with a population of around 2.7 million people , being the 11th-most populous urban area in the European Union . About 2.8 million people live in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area ( which represents approximately 27 % of the country 's population ) . It is continental Europe 's westernmost capital city and the only one along the Atlantic coast . Lisbon lies in the western Iberian Peninsula on the Atlantic Ocean and the River Tagus . The westernmost areas of its metro area is the westernmost point of Continental Europe . Lisbon is recognised as a global city because of its importance in finance , commerce , media , entertainment , arts , international trade , education and tourism . It is one of the major economic centres on the continent , with a growing financial sector and one of the largest container ports on Europe 's Atlantic coast . Humberto Delgado Airport serves over 20 million passengers annually , as of 2015 , and the motorway network and the high-speed rail system of Alfa Pendular link the main cities of Portugal . The city is the 7th-most-visited city in Southern Europe , after Istanbul , Rome , Barcelona , Madrid , Athens and Milan , with 1,740,000 tourists in 2009 . The Lisbon region contributes with a higher GDP PPP per capita than any other region in Portugal . It 's GDP amounts to 96.3 billion USD and thus $ 32,434 per capita , 40 % higher than the average European Union 's GDP per capita . The city occupies 32nd place of highest gross earnings in the world . Most of the headquarters of multinationals in the country are located in the Lisbon area . It is also the political centre of the country , as its seat of Government and residence of the Head of State . Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in the world , and the oldest in Western Europe , predating other modern European capitals such as London , Paris and Rome by centuries . Julius Caesar made it a municipium called Felicitas Julia , adding to the name Olissipo . Ruled by a series of Germanic tribes from the 5th century , it was captured by the Moors in the 8th century . In 1147 , the Crusaders under Afonso Henriques reconquered the city and since then it has been a major political , economic and cultural centre of Portugal . Unlike most capital cities , Lisbon 's status as the capital of Portugal has never been granted or confirmed officially -- by statute or in written form . Its position as the capital has formed through constitutional convention , making its position as de facto capital a part of the Constitution of Portugal . Lisbon enjoys a Mediterranean climate . It has one of the warmest winters of any metropolis in Europe , with average temperatures 15 ° C during the day and 8 ° C at night from December to February . The typical summer season lasts about four months , from June to September , although also in April temperatures sometimes reach around 25 ° C.", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "76756beaec7cc4bad47cefa37ec09314", "text": "Council of the European Union The Council of the European Union ( often still referred to as the Council of Ministers , or sometimes just called the Council ( Consilium ) ) is the third of the seven institutions of the European Union ( EU ) as listed in the Treaty on European Union . It is part of the essentially bicameral EU legislature ( the other legislative body being the European Parliament ) and represents the executive governments of the EU 's member states . It is based in the Europa building in Brussels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2ef63c5309ecba070dcadc6385a096e", "text": "Assembly of the Republic (Portugal) The Assembly of the Republic ( Portuguese : Assembleia da República , -LSB- ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ dɐ ʁɛˈpublikɐ -RSB- ) is the Portuguese parliament . According to the Portuguese Constitution , the unicameral Assembly `` is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens . '' The constitution names the assembly as one of the country 's organs of supreme authority . It is located in a historical building in Lisbon , referred to as Palácio de São Bento ( Palace of Saint Benedict ) , the site of an old Benedictine monastery . The Palácio de São Bento has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 ( Cortes until 1910 , Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9700a3ce9196ec1c75aa3b042101ccec", "text": "Hotel Heritage Heritage Lisbon Hotels are a small charm hotel chain which goal is the recovery and adaptation of ancient houses or historical buildings to hotels , located in emblematic areas of Lisbon ; Portugal 's capital city . These hotels give their clients the opportunity to stay in recovered buildings that maintain the typical Architecture of Portugal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb07d3af5986300c5733d16fec030126", "text": "New Delhi New Delhi ( -LSB- njuː_ˈdɛli -RSB- ) is the capital of India and one of Delhi city 's 11 districts . Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi , these are two distinct entities , with New Delhi forming a small part of Delhi . The National Capital Region is a much larger entity comprising the entire National Capital Territory of Delhi along with adjoining districts . The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V , Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911 . It was designed by British architects , Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker . The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931 , by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Irwin . New Delhi has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi 's flagship Smart Cities Mission .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77ef3ca640eb4fef199cb03ef4b94d53", "text": "Plazas de soberanía The plazas de soberanía ( -LSB- ˈplaθaz ðe soβeɾaˈni.a -RSB- , literally `` places of sovereignty '' ) are the Spanish sovereign territories in North Africa . These are separate pieces of land scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco . The name refers to the fact that these territories have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern Spanish State ( 1492 -- 1556 ) , and are distinguished from African territories obtained by Spain during the 19th and 20th century . Historically , a distinction was made between the so-called `` major sovereign territories '' , comprising the cities of Ceuta and Melilla , and the `` minor sovereign territories '' , referring to a number of smaller enclaves and islands along the coast . In the present , the term refers mainly to the latter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ed5c08ce1a6344873ba05b43db3050c", "text": "Norte Region, Portugal Norte ( Região Norte , -LSB- ʁɨʒiˈɐ̃w ˈnɔɾtɨ -RSB- ; `` North Region '' ) is a region in the northern part of Portugal . It is a land of dense vegetation and profound historic and cultural wealth . Its capital is the city of Porto . The region has 3,689,173 inhabitants according to the 2011 census , and its area is 21,278 km ² ( density of 173 inhabitants per square kilometre ) . It is one of five regions of Mainland Portugal ( NUTS II subdivisions ) . Northern Portugal is a culturally varied region , thus historical rivalries between different neighbouring cities and towns are common , unlike other Portuguese regions where every city and town is culturally very similar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bea2544c947b36f5fb0b63e82129c49a", "text": "United States Ambassador to Cape Verde Cape Verde had been a Portuguese colony for more than 500 years since 1456 . In 1974 Portugal and the Cape Verdeans signed an agreement to form a transitional government , and Cape Verde gained full independence from Portugal on July 5 , 1975 . The United States recognized Cape Verde and commissioned its first ambassador Melissa F. Wells in 1976 . Ambassador Wells was concurrently accredited to Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde while resident at Bissau , the capital of Guinea-Bissau . In 1980 , an embassy was established in the capital Praia with a chargé d'affaires managing the business of the embassy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ebac84c6f54a7788abd4c30b1e3f9f0", "text": "Politics of Andorra The politics of Andorra take place in a framework of a parliamentary constitutional diarchy , and a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government , with the Head of Government of Andorra as chief executive . Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament . The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature . Before 1993 , Andorra 's political system had no clear division of powers into executive , legislative , and judicial branches . A constitution ratified and approved in 1993 establishes Andorra as a sovereign parliamentary democracy that retains the President of France and Bishop of Urgell as co-princes and heads of state . However , the head of government retains executive power . The two co-princes serve coequally with limited powers that do not include an individual veto over government acts ( however , a bill can in effect be `` vetoed '' if both do not sign the legislation ) . They are each represented in Andorra by a personal representative . The fundamental impetus for this political transformation was a recommendation by the Council of Europe in 1990 that , if Andorra wished to attain full integration in the European Union ( EU ) , it should adopt a modern constitution that guarantees the rights of those living and working there . A Tripartite Commission -- made up of representatives of the co-princes , the General Council , and the Executive Council -- was formed in 1990 and finalized the draft constitution in April 1991 , making the new constitution a fact . One remaining , though symbolic , legacy of Andorra 's special relationship with France and Spain , is that the Principality has no postal service of its own -- French and Spanish postal services operate side by side , although each of them issues separate stamps for Andorra , instead of using their own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5da4877a94e41afce672793574167ee4", "text": "Edward, King of Portugal Duarte ( -LSB- duˈaɾt -RSB- ; 31 October 1391 -- 9 September 1438 ) , known in English as Edward and called the Philosopher ( o Rei-Filósofo ) or the Eloquent ( o Eloquente ) , was King of Portugal and the Algarve and Lord of Ceuta from 1433 until his death . He was born in Viseu , the son of John I of Portugal and his wife , Queen Philippa of Portugal , a daughter of John of Gaunt . Edward was the oldest member of the `` Illustrious Generation '' of accomplished royal children who contributed to the development of Portuguese civilization during the 15th century . As a cousin of several English kings , he became a Knight of the Garter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c8dcd0713ac34a3b8c59d7a8ef87ba5", "text": "European Capital of Culture The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong European dimension . Preparing a European Capital of Culture can be an opportunity for the city to generate considerable cultural , social and economic benefits and it can help foster urban regeneration , change the city 's image and raise its visibility and profile on an international scale . In 1985 , former actress Melina Mercouri , then Greece 's minister of culture , and her French counterpart Jack Lang came up with the idea of designating an annual Capital of Culture to bring Europeans closer together by highlighting the richness and diversity of European cultures and raising awareness of their common history and values . The Commission of the European Union manages the title and each year the Council of Ministers of the European Union formally designates European Capitals of Culture : more than 40 cities have been designated so far . An international panel of cultural experts is in charge of assessing the proposals of cities for the title according to criteria specified by the European Union . A 2004 study conducted for the European Commission , known as the `` Palmer report '' , demonstrated that the choice of European Capital of Culture served as a catalyst for the cultural development and the transformation of the city . Consequently , the beneficial socio-economic development and impact for the chosen city are now also considered in determining the chosen cities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96cea9744244ee2575f2222834acb438", "text": "Foreign relations of Macau As a special administrative region ( SAR ) of the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , Macau 's diplomatic relations and defence are the responsibility of the Central People 's Government of the PRC . Except diplomatic relations and defence , nonetheless , Macau has retained considerable autonomy in all aspects , including economic and commercial relations , customs control . According to Chapter VII of Macau 's basic law , Macau may , on its own , using the name Macau , China or Macao , China , maintain and develop relations and conclude and implement agreements with foreign states and regions and relevant international organisations in the appropriate fields , including the economic , trade , financial and monetary , shipping , communications , tourism , cultural , science and technology , and sports fields . In addition , Macau can participate in international organizations and conferences not limited to states . The Macau government has maintained Macau Economic and Trade Representative Offices in Lisbon , Portugal and Brussels , Belgium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e0a86a80ef1bbf24e41a38dbda36981", "text": "Belém (Lisbon) Belém ( -LSB- bɨˈlɐ̃ȷ̃ -RSB- ) , whose name is derived from the Portuguese word for Bethlehem , is the southwesternmost civil parish of the municipality of Lisbon . Until 2012 , the area of Belém had its own historic parish , named Santa Maria de Belém . In 2012 , the Administrative Reform of Lisbon resulted in the merging of the latter and the parish of São Francisco Xavier , thus creating the new parish of Belém . Located at the mouth of the River Tagus , it is located 6 km west of the city centre and 2 km west of Ponte 25 de Abril ( 25th of April Bridge ) . Many of Portugal 's distinctive buildings and landmarks are located in this area , including the Jerónimos Monastery and the Tower of Belém . The population in 2011 was 16,528 , in an area of 10.43 km ² .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bed6de7a4d3d30007e1d0cf428d5e2fc", "text": "A5 motorway (Portugal) The A5 is a 25 km motorway , located in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area , Portugal . It connects Lisbon with Cascais . The motorway is also known as Estoril Coast Motorway and it overlaps the Complementary Itinerary 15 ( IC15 ) . The first section of the highway -- connecting the Duarte Pacheco Viaduct in the City of Lisbon with the National Stadium in the Oeiras Municipality -- was opened in 1944 , becoming the first motorway in Portugal and one of the first in the world . From 1945 to the early 1980s , it was officially designated National Road 7 ( N7 ) , when it became the A5 . The last section of the A5 was opened in 1991 . Category : Motorways in Portugal Category : Cascais", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea0e8a4eda87ad6730d5d06dedf78e1b", "text": "Lisbon Portugal Temple The Lisbon Portugal Temple is a temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) under construction in the civil parish of Moscavide e Portela , in the Portuguese municipality of Lisbon . The intent to construct a temple in the Portuguese capital was announced by church president Thomas S. Monson on 2 October 2010 , during the church 's semi-annual general conference . On 22 October 2015 , the church announced that the temple would be constructed in the Parque das Nações area of Lisbon , along Avenida Dom João II . A groundbreaking ceremony , to signify the beginning of construction , took place on 5 December 2015 , with Patrick Kearon presiding . The groundbreaking was broadcast live to local church meetinghouses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b72755751d1d6e318263c161d0ccddb5", "text": "Berlin-Bonn Act The Berlin/Bonn Act ( Berlin/Bonn-Gesetz ) regulated the move of the German Bundestag and parts of the government from Bonn to Berlin . It also regulated the move of certain Federal agencies and other federal facilities to Bonn . The act was a consequence of the Hauptstadtbeschluss ( Enactment regarding the capital ) of 20 June 1991 which made Berlin the seat of government . Berlin had already been the capital of the united Germany since the Unification Treaty of 3 October 1990 . The Berlin/Bonn Act was enacted on 26 April 1994 . The act 's full official title is Act for the implementation of the enactment of the German Bundestag of 20 June 1991 for the completion of the German unity ( Gesetz zur Umsetzung des Beschlusses des Deutschen Bundestages vom 20 . Juni 1991 zur Vollendung der Einheit Deutschlands ) . The Berlin/Bonn act determined which federal ministries moved to the capital and gave the city certain commitments regarding the preservation of Bonn as a location of politics . In addition , it awarded the city the title of a Federal City . The act was implemented incrementally . The most important year was 1999 when the Bundestag moved to the Reichstag building in Berlin . At the same time , the Federal Court of Auditors and the Federal Cartel Office moved from Berlin and the Rhine-Main area to Bonn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e13707ee4ec7915df73975cf1be73e4", "text": "Anglo-Portuguese Alliance The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance ( or Aliança Luso-Britânica ) , ratified at the Treaty of Windsor in 1386 , between England ( succeeded by the United Kingdom ) and Portugal is the oldest alliance in the world that is still in force -- with the earliest treaty dating back to the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373 . This alliance , which goes back to the Middle Ages , has served both countries . It was very important throughout history , influencing the participation of the United Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsular War , the UK 's major land contribution to the Napoleonic Wars and the establishment of an Anglo-American base in Portugal . Portugal aided England ( and later the UK ) in times of need , for example , in the First World War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ed77dcf3a8a56fd7babbdc4a2a5a1a", "text": "Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands . The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard . The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) . The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d7fe95356f107c9031cffbe375097dc", "text": "Avenida da Liberdade (Lisbon) Avenida da Liberdade ( literally `` Liberty Avenue '' in Portuguese ) is an important avenue in central Lisbon , Portugal . It is a 90 metre-wide boulevard , 1100 m long , with ten lanes divided by pedestrian pavements decorated with gardens . It links Restauradores Square with Marquis of Pombal Square . It used to be referred to by the inhabitants of Lisbon simply as the `` Avenida '' ( the Avenue ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b597c805194a1105b8a7f4afd763c3d6", "text": "Tourism in Lisbon Tourism in Lisbon is popular . The city of Lisbon and the Lisbon metropolitan area attracts a significant number of tourists each year , drawn to its historical and cultural offerings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd88deffd9bba3c3c20e07320465edcc", "text": "Palace of the Marquises of Fronteira The Palace of the Marquesses of Fronteira ( Portuguese : Palácio dos Marqueses de Fronteira ) is a Portuguese palace located in Lisbon , Portugal .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2257f198c34c726219ab616f9bfc7dd8	Seth Rogen is a car.	[ { "docid": "962fe68ba110efabf4be29965ed186ac", "text": "Seth Rogen Seth Aaron Rogen ( -LSB- ˈroʊɡən -RSB- born April 15 , 1982 ) is a Canadian-American actor , filmmaker , and comedian . He began his career performing stand-up comedy during his teenage years , winning the Vancouver Amateur Comedy Contest in 1998 . While still living in his native Vancouver , he landed a supporting role in the series Freaks and Geeks . Shortly after he moved to Portland , Oregon for his role , Freaks and Geeks was officially cancelled after one season due to low viewership . Rogen later got a part on sitcom Undeclared , which also hired him as a staff writer . After landing his job as a staff writer on the final season of Da Ali G Show , for which he and the other writers received an Emmy Award nomination , he was guided by Judd Apatow toward a film career . Rogen made his first movie appearance in Donnie Darko with a minor role as a rebellious student in Donnie 's high school classes in 2001 . Rogen was cast in a major supporting role and credited as a co-producer in Apatow 's directorial debut , The 40-Year-Old Virgin . After Rogen received critical praise for his performance , Universal Pictures agreed to cast him as the lead in Apatow 's films Knocked Up and Funny People . Rogen co-starred as Steve Wozniak in Universal 's Steve Jobs biopic in 2015 . In 2016 , he developed the AMC television series Preacher with his writing partner Evan Goldberg and Sam Catlin . He also serves as a writer and executive producer , and directed the first two episodes of the series with Goldberg . Rogen and Goldberg co-wrote the films Superbad , Pineapple Express , The Green Hornet , This Is the End , and directed both This Is the End and The Interview ; all of which Rogen starred in . He has also done voice work for the films Horton Hears a Who ! , the Kung Fu Panda film series , The Spiderwick Chronicles , Monsters vs. Aliens , Paul , and Sausage Party .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "661a337626955cb9a4a512013461ba3a", "text": "Rezvani Automotive Designs Rezvani Motors is an automotive designer and manufacturer of high-performance supercars based in Irvine , California . Rezvani Motors was founded by Ferris Rezvani , one of the designers of Vencer 's Sarthe supercar who formerly worked with Aston Martin , Ferrari , and DBC . The company 's main product is the Rezvani Beast , a self-funded project by Rezvani . Rezvani Automotive Designs released the Rezvani Beast . Rezvani Motors ' vehicle production is done in a 50,000-square-foot facility RAD is operating in Santa Ana , California . In May 2015 , Rezvani Motors released details and photos of the Rezvani Beast . In June 2015 , Rezvani unveiled the production version of its supercar allowing customers to order the car with an 8 - to 12-week production process . Chris Brown purchased the first Rezvani Beast in 2015 for $ 200,000 . The car was used in the filming of Brown 's single `` Liquor . '' The 500 horsepower street-legal race car has no doors , no roof , and weighs just 1,650 pounds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "890b08d20609c84306a8201796257a00", "text": "Substitution Mass Confusion: A Tribute to The Cars Substitution Mass Confusion : A Tribute to The Cars is a 2005 compilation album featuring covers of songs originally performed by the American rock band The Cars . The album was released by Not Lame Recordings . Many of the performers featured on the album were from the Boston area , where The Cars first gained exposure in the late 1970s . The line ` Substitution Mass Confusion ' comes from a lyric in the Cars song `` Bye Bye Love '' . According to Billboard , the album was inspired by the 2000 cancer death of Cars singer and bassist Benjamin Orr . A portion of the album 's proceeds were to be donated to the American Cancer Society in Orr 's memory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "551cf78e1f1ce40b66fb9b48df1f1f75", "text": "Koenigsegg Regera The Koenigsegg Regera is a limited production , plug-in hybrid sports car manufactured by Swedish high-performance sports carmaker Koenigsegg . It was unveiled at the 2015 Geneva Motor Show . The name Regera is a Swedish verb , meaning `` to reign '' or `` to rule . '' Only 80 units will be built , of which 40 have already been sold as of March 2016 , each costing approximately . The Regera was created and designed to be a more practical , luxurious , hypercar alternative to the rest of Koenigsegg 's lightweight hypercar lineup , including the Agera RS and the One :1 . Koenigsegg states that the Regera will be the most powerful and fastest accelerating production car ever . The production of the Regera will result in Koenigsegg , for the first time ever , simultaneously having two models in production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bcd69057cce0e44c3d8a79f48496b8f", "text": "CARS Tour CARS Tour ( formerly known as the USARacing Pro Cup Series , USAR Hooters Pro Cup Series , CARS Pro Cup Series , Rev-Oil Pro Cup Series and CARS X1-R ProCup Series ) is a stock car auto racing series in the United States . It is sanctioned by the Championship Auto Racing Series . The series races throughout the United States primarily on short tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f198f91a231cc970411369430b85e10a", "text": "Chevrolet Volt The Chevrolet Volt is a plug-in hybrid car manufactured by General Motors , also marketed in rebadged variants as the Holden Volt in Australia and New Zealand , and with a different fascia as the Vauxhall Ampera in the United Kingdom and as the Opel Ampera in the remainder of Europe . Sales of the 2011 Volt began in the United States in mid-December 2010 , followed by various European countries and other international markets in 2011 . Global combined Volt/Ampera family sales totaled about 134,500 units by the end of December 2016 . The U.S. is the leading market , with 113,489 Volts delivered , followed by Canada with 8,884 Volts sold through November 2016 . Just over 10,000 Opel/Vauxhall Ampera cars had been sold in Europe , with the Netherlands leading the European region , with almost 5,000 Amperas and over 1,000 Volts registered . The Volt/Ampera family of vehicles is the world 's all-time best-selling plug-in hybrid vehicle . The Volt operates as a pure battery electric vehicle until its battery capacity drops to a predetermined threshold from full charge . From there its internal combustion engine powers an electric generator to extend the vehicle 's range as needed . When the engine is running it may be periodically mechanically linked ( by a clutch ) to a planetary gear set , and hence the output drive axle , to improve energy efficiency . The Volt 's regenerative braking also contributes to the on-board electricity generation . Under the United States Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) cycle , the 2013/15 model year Volt all-electric range is 38 mi , with a combined electric mode/gasoline-only rating of 62 mpgus equivalent ( MPG-equivalent ) . The second generation Volt 's improved battery system and drivetrain increased the all-electric range to 53 mi , its EPA rated fuel economy in charge-sustaining mode to 42 mpgUS , and the combined city/highway fuel economy in all-electric mode to 106 MPG-e , up from 98 MPG-e . Deliveries to retail customers in the U.S. and Canada began in October 2015 as a 2016 model year . The Volt has won several awards , including the 2009 Green Car Vision Award , 2011 Green Car of the Year , 2011 North American Car of the Year , 2011 World Green Car , 2012 European Car of the Year , and 2016 Green Car of the Year . Controversies regarding the Volt include the extent to which the U.S. federal government may have participated in the Volt 's development , which continued through General Motors ' 2009 government-led bankruptcy , and concerns about the battery pack fire risk following a crash test that the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration ( NHTSA ) performed on a Volt in 2011 . At the completion of its investigation NHTSA concluded that no discernible defect trend exists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14dbdadde4bffab840a73476eba478c2", "text": "List of sport utility vehicles This page lists sports utility vehicles currently in production ( as of 2013 ) as well as past models . The list includes crossover SUVs , Mini SUVs , Compact SUVs and other similar vehicles . Also includes hybrid , luxury , sport or tuned , military , electric and fuel cell versions . Due to confusion , Sport Utility Trucks are also in this list . Note : Many of the vehicles ( both current and past ) are related to other vehicles in the list . A vehicle listed as a ` past model ' may still be in production in an updated form under a different name , it may be listed under that name in the ` currently in production ' section . Also , some vehicles are sold under different marques in different geographical locations , therefore some vehicles may be listed more than once but usually link to the same page . Different states may also classify vehicles differently . What may be considered an SUV in one state , may not in another state . Example ; The Chevrolet Nafees is known as the Chevrolet Zeeyan in Russia and Brazil , and in Australia and New Zealand , it is marketed by GM Holden ( Holden Trax ) . Some images provided below may be pictures of outdated models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57802a8baa42dae47975bd385e83135b", "text": "Rick Benjamin (announcer) Rick Benjamin ( born October 22 , 1952 in Danbury , Connecticut ) is Speed Channel 's voice of the USAR Hooters Pro Cup Series , and has been the voice of Champ Car racing for HDNet from 2004 until then end of the final season of Champ Car in 2007 Benjamin was a local news reporter from 1976 until 1996 , being a television anchorman and managing editor for markets as diverse as Knoxville , TN , ( where his youngest son 's birth was announced on-air ) Quad-Cities , IA ( where he won an exhibition harness race at The Quad City Downs ) , San Antonio , TX , Toledo , OH , Roanoke , VA , and was the news director for Waterbury , CT 's WATR . Benjamin also did work for Mizlou Television Network for their NASCAR coverage , and for SportsChannel in 1990 when they aired Busch Grand National races , using the pseudonym Ron Williams . When The Nashville Network bought 50 % of Ken Squier and Fred Rheinstein 's World Sports Enterprises , and shifted production of TNN 's popular RaceDay from Patterson International to the network 's own in-house operation , located inside the industrial park of Lowe 's Motor Speedway , Benjamin was named anchor of the network 's RaceDay in 1995 , anchoring the show until MTV shut down the entire CBS Charlotte operation in November 2000 . Benjamin is responsible for the `` rebranding '' of CART into Champ Cars , as during the CART-IRL dispute , Benjamin began using the term `` Champ Car , '' an old term used in USAC during the Marlboro Championship Trail , to refer to the CART formula in 1997 , on RaceDay after the rival Indy Racing League switched to a normally aspirated formula . The show used the term , which CART began using in 1998 after Federal Express took over sponsorship of the series from PPG Industries , and the new `` Champ Car '' term was a reference to the FedEx Championship Series . Since 2004 , he has been the lead announcer for the series , which has gone out on Spike TV , CBS , NBC , Speed Channel & in 2007 returning to the networks of ESPN & ABC for the first time since 2001 . Benjamin was one of the very first on-air personalities at Speed when it was launched as SpeedVision in 1996 . He is a former SpeedNews anchor . Benjamin is also frequently a backup news anchor at Charlotte radio station WBT , where he has some duties with the Carolina Panthers pre and post game shows , and has used his experience in the news media to form Visioncast , where his group teaches drivers , crewmen , and corporate representatives to face the media . Benjamin formerly co-hosted Tradin ' Paint with Danny `` Chocolate '' Myers on Sirius Satellite Radio 's NASCAR channel 90 . He was succeeded by Jim Noble . Benjamin also appeared in the movie Talladega Nights : The Ballad of Ricky Bobby , starring Will Ferrell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd0d34949f5fd3c173bc784a08c59c1c", "text": "Flintstone Flyer Flintstone Flyer is a gasser of the 1960s . Built and driven by Dave Koffel , the car was a dark blue 1949 Packard , purchased for US$ 50 and built in Koffel 's garage . The engine was swapped for a 292 cid Chevrolet small-block V8 ( from a 1961 Corvette , bored 0.060 in over ) . It was only mildly modified , fitted with 270 heads , solid-lifter camshaft , and Offenhauser intake manifold ( with three two-barrel -LCB- twin-choke -RCB- carburetors ) . The transmission was a four-speed manual from a Corvette , and the rear axle came from a 1957 Plymouth with a steep 6.17:1 ratio ( because of the car 's high weight , 4430 lb ) . In 1961 , Koffel changed the three deuces to Hilborn fuel injection . In this trim , the car set a new NHRA national record in E/G at 13.33 seconds and 104.04 mph . It won the 1962 E/G national title at the NHRA Nationals , Indianapolis Raceway Park , with a pass of 13.71 seconds at 102.85 mph . In 1963 , Koffel replaced the steel front end panels with custom fiberglass items produced by Walt Sari of Ashtabula , Ohio . With the fiberglass panels fitted , ` Flintstone Flyer won the 1963 F/G national title at the NHRA Nationals in Indianapolis , with a pass of 13.69 seconds at 101.80 mph .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8db6873b7a2c7b2c98dc2a620ed022c0", "text": "Maryland (automobile) The Maryland automobile was built by the Sinclair-Scott Company of Baltimore , Maryland , between 1907 and 1910 . Sinclair-Scott was a maker of food canning machinery and in the early 1900s started to make car parts . One of their customers , Ariel , failed to pay and in recompense Sinclair-Scott took over production , moved the factory to Baltimore , and marketed the car as the Maryland . The car was powered by a 30 hp four-cylinder , overhead camshaft engine . The Ariel design was initially unchanged , and the Maryland was originally available as a four-seat roadster or a five-seat touring car . The wheelbase was later lengthened from the initial 100 in to 116 in . Limousines became available in 1908 and town cars in 1909 . Prices ranged from $ 2500 to $ 3200 . Production stopped in 1910 after 871 had been made as producing the cars was not profitable . The company returned to the manufacture of food-canning machinery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaf5180af00175c19a3a7f29197175ac", "text": "Roger (American Dad!) Roger Smith ( born Wogir ) is a fictional character in the adult animated sitcom American Dad ! , voiced by Seth MacFarlane . The character was created and designed by Seth MacFarlane . Roger is a centuries-old grey space alien living with the Smith family , around whom the show revolves . Having lived on Earth since 1947 , at the age of 1600 , Roger came to live with the Smiths after rescuing main character Stan Smith at Area 51 four years prior to the beginning of the series . Roger began the series as a sensitive pushover who is often taken advantage of , cheated , and ridiculed . Over time , the character has become increasingly cruel , selfish , devious , and depraved , although the Smith family are curiously oblivious to his nature . In early episodes of the show , Roger is disallowed from leaving the Smith house in order to conceal his being an alien . This restriction is soon abandoned and Roger begins adopting disguises and fictitious personas in order to have a life outside the house . Roger 's personas have become a major plot device , with his myriad alter egos frequently being the subject or facilitator of an episode 's main story or subplot . This also helps to amplify his pansexuality and androgynous nature , which varies dependent on the plot situation and persona he has adopted . Aside from catalyzing the plot or subplot with his various personas , and despite his increasingly evident self-interest , he often serves to counsel the show 's main characters , by humorously affirming or bluntly disregarding their opinions . When voicing the character , MacFarlane speaks in a swish accent intended to resemble Paul Lynde ( who played Uncle Arthur in Bewitched ) . In 2014 , Roger was voted `` Gayest Cartoon Character of All Time '' in a first-ever March Madness style competition held by Logo TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2b1531e57136232fbd80206dbb3a435", "text": "Marr (automobile) The Marr Auto Car was an automobile built in Elgin , Illinois by the Marr Auto Car Company from 1903-1904 . The Marr was a two-seat runabout with a single-cylinder 1.7 L engine that was mounted under the seat . The engine was the world 's first with valves in the head or `` overhead valves , '' but it did not have rocker arms and push rods because it had overhead cams , also a first . The vehicle had the first tilt steering wheel , changeable speed gears on a planetary transmission and a revolutionary new carburetor . Unfortunately the plant burnt to the ground in August 1904 with 14 cars inside . Only one Marr Auto Car exists today . The car was designed by early automobile pioneer Walter L. Marr who had worked as an engine designer for Buick in 1901 and went on to be Chief Engineer there from 1904-1918 . This car is believed to have the first OHC engine produced in the world , as well as the first OHV engine . Automotive historians credit Marr and his advanced designs with the early success of Buick which was the foundation for General Motors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5297e445023d5f0f8170655eb8bdd64", "text": "Roads to Vegas `` Roads to Vegas '' is the twenty-first episode of the eleventh season and the 209th overall episode of Family Guy . It follows Brian and Stewie as they head off to Vegas using a teleporting machine , which malfunctions and creates clones of themselves . The episode , which is the seventh in the series of Road to ... episodes , originally aired on Fox in the United States on May 19 , 2013 , airing before the episode `` No Country Club for Old Men '' . Together , the two episodes were promoted as being the season finale . First announced at the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con International , the episode was written by Steve Callaghan and directed by Greg Colton . The episode received generally positive reviews from critics upon release . According to Nielsen ratings , it was viewed in 5.28 million homes in its original airing . The episode featured guest performances from Alexandra Breckenridge , Ralph Garman , Gary Janetti , Joe Lomonaco , Patrick Meighan , Emily Osment , Danny Smith , Alec Sulkin , and John Viener .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3745060cf675e9ac8b78f6d117621bbb", "text": "Drive By (song) `` Drive By '' is a song by American roots rock band , Train , from their sixth studio album , California 37 . It was released in the United States as the album 's lead single on January 10 , 2012 , three months before the release of California 37 . The song was written by lead singer Patrick Monahan and Norwegian songwriting duo Espen Lind , Amund Bjørklund , the same team responsible for Train 's 2009 hit single `` Hey , Soul Sister '' . `` Drive By '' peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 , becoming the band 's third top 10 hit in the US . It was awarded a double platinum certification by the RIAA on July 23 , 2012 , for more than 2 million sales in the US . Internationally , the song became a top ten hit in 13 countries . Train performed the song on television series 90210 in the episode `` Blood Is Thicker Than Mud '' , which aired on March 13 , 2012 . Train also performed a parody entitled `` Five By '' with Elmo and Count von Count for an episode of Sesame Street .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c67576118df9bb1370e0ea97b125da7", "text": "Ring of Honor Ring of Honor ( ROH ) is an American professional wrestling promotion , founded in 2002 by RF Video owner Rob Feinstein . From 2004 to 2011 , the promotion was under the ownership of Cary Silkin before being sold to the Sinclair Broadcast Group ( SBG ) , an American telecommunications company that operates the largest number of local television stations in the United States . ROH holds TV tapings , pay-per-view events , live events , and Internet pay-per-view events throughout the United States and Canada . It has also held shows in the United Kingdom and Japan . Annual shows include the Anniversary Show , Supercard of Honor ( held annually during WrestleMania weekend ) , Best in the World , Global Wars , Death Before Dishonor , Glory By Honor , and Final Battle ( the last show of the calendar year and ROH 's marquee event ) . ROH records all of its shows and sells them on DVD through mail order via its online store , and the DVDs have developed a fanbase for the promotion in the United States and beyond . In 2009 , ROH signed a television deal with HDNet , which aired shows every week until 2011 . As of September 2011 , ROH 's flagship broadcast Ring of Honor Wrestling has been syndicated by parent company Sinclair Broadcasting , and airs on Sinclair owned stations across the country . ROH is also broadcast on Samurai TV in Japan , and is the third-largest professional wrestling promotion in the United States , behind WWE and after Impact Wrestling . On June 22 , 2014 , ROH had its first live pay-per-view broadcast , Best in the World , from Nashville , Tennessee . It was followed-up on December 7 with their biggest show of the year Final Battle , from Terminal 5 in New York City . Their next pay-per-view aired March 1 , 2015 , which was their 13th Anniversary Show , from Las Vegas , Nevada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebe0de07c0a255c1f64ebb47e0a31f80", "text": "Sonic Drive-In Sonic Drive-In , more commonly known as Sonic , is an American drive-in fast-food restaurant chain based in Oklahoma City , Oklahoma . As of August 31 , 2016 , restaurants were in 45 U.S. states . In 2011 , it was ranked 10th in QSR Magazine rankings of the top 50 quick-service and fast-casual restaurant brands in the nation ( moving the 13th for 2015 and 2016 ) . Known for its use of carhops on roller skates , the company annually hosts a competition to determine the top skating carhop in its system .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "249b49f20bde82e5a89c6a0277b4a275", "text": "Mid-American Stock Car Series The Mid American Stock Car Series is a traveling Sportsman Series in the Midwestern United States . The series races exclusively on paved racetracks . The cars are based on a 108 '' metric stock frame , less costly suspension parts and a maximum of 358 cubic inch engine . The car 's roll cage and chassis were made of a design very similar to the same chassis ran by NASCAR in the 80 's , but have also included more modern chassis safety designs such as plated door bars and the `` Earnhardt Bar '' which runs from the roof to the dash .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3525de4ace8d20f4efa43783be80702", "text": "Indianapolis 500 pace cars The Indianapolis 500 auto race has used a pace car every year since 1911 . The pace car is utilized for two primary purposes . At the start of the race , the pace car leads the assembled starting grid around the track for a predetermined number of unscored warm-up laps . Then if the officials deem appropriate , it releases the field at a purposeful speed to start the race . In addition , during yellow flag caution periods , the pace car enters the track and picks up the leader , bunching the field up at a reduced speed . Prior to the first `` 500 '' in 1911 , in the interest of safety , Indianapolis Motor Speedway founder Carl G. Fisher is commonly credited with the concept of a `` rolling start '' led by a pace car . Nearly all races at the time , as well as all Formula One races even to the present , utilize a standing start . In almost every year since 1936 , it has been a tradition that the winner of the Indianapolis 500 be presented with one of that year 's pace cars ( or a replica ) . In most years since 1911 , the driver of the pace car at the start of the race has been an invited celebrity , a former racing driver , or notable figure in the automotive industry . Historically , the honor of supplying the pace car was , and continues to be , a coveted honor by the respective automobile manufactures and a marketing showcase for the particular make/model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa2d4ad7ea1be3fc514c1c28f8c17d9d", "text": "Pontiac Bonneville Special The Pontiac Bonneville Special is a purpose-built concept car unveiled at the General Motors Motorama in 1954 , the first 2-seater sports car Pontiac had ever produced . Conceived by renowned designer Harley J. Earl and hand built by Homer C. LaGassey Jr. and Paul Gilland , the `` Special '' is a grand touring sport coupé that incorporated innovative styling like a Plexiglas canopy with gull-wing windows on a sleek fiberglass body . The name `` Bonneville '' was meant to convey high performance , inspired by a trip Earl had taken to Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah to observe speed trials there . It was the first GM vehicle to carry the name , subsequently given to the Division 's full-size performance car , the Bonneville , which carried it for 47 years . Two `` Special '' prototypes , one painted metallic bronze and one emerald green , were built in order to unveil them simultaneously at the Grand Ballroom of the Waldorf in New York and the Pan Pacific Auditorium in Los Angeles in 1954 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b265f14064c0e75c18a0eb3816bfa5", "text": "1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) . The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade . As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements . The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5355c5079603cd5c2430b22628490e5", "text": "Nash Metropolitan The Nash Metropolitan was an American automobile that was sold from 1953 to 1961 . It conforms to two classes of vehicle : economy car and subcompact car . In today 's terminology the Metropolitan is a `` subcompact '' , but this category had not yet come into use when the car was made . At that time , it was variously categorized , for example as a `` small automobile '' as well as an `` economy car '' . The Metropolitan was also sold as a Hudson when Nash and Hudson merged in 1954 to form the American Motors Corporation ( AMC ) , and later as a standalone marque during the Rambler years , as well as in the United Kingdom and other markets .", "title": "" } ]	fever
93b7dc86a7461bfb917b6f2150955a8a	Paul Wesley appeared in Guiding Light.	[ { "docid": "df416f317d46054cfc68136cceaa797c", "text": "Paul Wesley Pawel Tomasz Wasilewski ( born July 23 , 1982 ) , known professionally as Paul Wesley , is an American actor , director , and producer . He is known for playing Stefan Salvatore in The CW 's supernatural drama The Vampire Diaries ( 2009 -- 2017 ) and as Aaron Corbett in the ABC Family miniseries Fallen . He appeared on several TV shows such as Guiding Light , Wolf Lake , Smallville , and Everwood .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "03f81bbd1d23e7cb7056dc166d398614", "text": "Richard Van Vleet Richard Van Vleet , also sometimes credited as Richard Van Fleet or Rick Van Vleet is an American actor , producer , screenwriter , and director . He played the role of Dr. Chuck Tyler on All My Children from 1975 to 1984 , from 1989 to 1992 , and again in 1995 and 2005 ; and as Dr. Ed Bauer on Guiding Light from 1984 to 1986 . In the late 1960s and early 1970s , Van Vleet had numerous guest starring roles on some of the most popular prime time series at the time , such as Mannix , Cannon , Marcus Welby , M.D. , It Takes a Thief , McCloud , Adam-12 , Dragnet , The Virginian , and Ironside . He also appeared in the movies Airport ( though uncredited ) , Angel in My Pocket and Ben , released early in his career . More recently , he has spent more time behind the camera , as producer of Bikini Planet ( 2002 ) , and writer/director of Retribution ( 1998 ) . Richard Van Vleet has directed and written such movies as Bikini Planet , Retribution , and Trailer Trash . In 2008 , he proposed and directed Ryan and Sean 's Not So Excellent Adventure for YouTube personality Nigahiga .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4474d66154a9878d563f2be05d5d58a4", "text": "Laurel Avenue Laurel Avenue is an American three-hour television miniseries which aired on HBO on July 10 and 11 , 1993 . It is the story of an eventful weekend in the lives of an extended African American family living in St. Paul , Minnesota . Paul Aaron and actor Charles S. Dutton served as executive producers . The teleplay was written by Michael Henry Brown , based upon a story by Aaron and Brown . The miniseries was directed by Carl Franklin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13849c03deb672a55b0ebb35ae6962ab", "text": "The Soap Opera Encyclopedia (Schemering book) The Soap Opera Encyclopedia is a 1985 reference book by Christopher Schemering which assembles comprehensive information about all daytime and prime time soap operas broadcast up to the date of publication . It was revised and reprinted in 1987 and 1988 , but is currently out of print . The Soap Opera Encyclopedia features commentary , analysis and criticism of `` every daytime and prime-time television soap opera broadcast on the three major networks , as well as a selection of syndicated , cable , and foreign efforts . '' It also discusses background , significant storylines and impact of each program , and lists performers and characters . Schemering also includes a `` Short History of Television Soap Opera , '' as well as profiles of major performers , writers and producers in the genre in a section entitled `` Who 's Who in Soap Opera . '' Finally , the book contains 30 pages of photos from various programs . Published in a time before the internet , the Encyclopedia was a primary source of background information and commentary on soap opera ; it and Schemering have been quoted in various articles , books and web pages . It was revised and reprinted in 1987 and 1988 . According to the Encyclopedia , Schemering `` spent fifteen years collecting memorabilia and information about the soap opera phenomenon '' and wrote a syndicated column on the genre . He was also a regular contributor to The Washington Post Book World and had published film and television articles in The New Republic , USA Today , the Chicago Tribune , the San Francisco Chronicle , the New York Daily News and other publications . Schemering is also the author of Guiding Light : A 50th Anniversary Celebration ( 1986 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c6dba7d7a97c778a12ea9a067c801dd", "text": "Wesley Taylor Wesley Taylor ( born August 13 , 1986 ) is an American stage actor and writer , probably best known for his work on Broadway , Television , and his original web content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f3c0cd7d42e6b5ce994653a12070383", "text": "As the World Turns As the World Turns ( often referred to as ATWT ) is an American television soap opera that aired on CBS for 54 years from April 2 , 1956 , to September 17 , 2010 . Irna Phillips created As the World Turns as a sister show to her other soap opera Guiding Light . Running for 54 years , As the World Turns holds the second-longest continuous run of any daytime network soap opera on American television , surpassed only by Guiding Light . As the World Turns was produced for the first 43 years in Manhattan and in Brooklyn from 2000 until 2010 . Set in the fictional town of Oakdale , Illinois , the show debuted on April 2 , 1956 , at 1:30 pm EST. . Prior to that date , all serials had been 15 minutes in length . As the World Turns and The Edge of Night , which premiered on the same day at 4:30 pm EST , were the first two to be 30 minutes in length from their premiere . At first , viewers did not respond to the new half-hour serial , but ratings picked up in its second year , eventually reaching the top spot in the daytime Nielsen ratings by fall 1958 . In 1959 , the show started a streak of weekly ratings wins that was not interrupted for over 12 years . The show switched to color on August 21 , 1967 , and expanded from a half-hour in length to one hour starting on December 1 , 1975 , when The Edge of Night moved to ABC . In the year-to-date ratings , As the World Turns was the most-watched daytime drama from 1958 until 1978 , with ten million viewers tuning in each day . At its height , core actors such as Helen Wagner , Don MacLaughlin , Don Hastings , and Eileen Fulton became nationally known . Three of these actors -- Wagner , Hastings , and Fulton -- are also the three longest serving actors in the history of American soap operas . The show passed its 10,000 th episode on May 12 , 1995 , and celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 2 , 2006 . On September 18 , 2009 , As the World Turns became the last remaining Procter and Gamble-produced soap opera for CBS after Guiding Light aired its final episode on the network . On December 8 , 2009 , CBS announced that it cancelled As the World Turns after almost 54 years due to low ratings . The show taped its final Procter and Gamble scenes for CBS on June 23 , 2010 , and with a dramatic storyline finale , its final episode on the network aired on September 17 , 2010 . On October 18 , 2010 , CBS replaced As the World Turns with a newly debuted talk show The Talk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f5a17c7cf5014d0ec69cc5ac66e36ec", "text": "Mr. Sunshine (1986 TV series) Mr. Sunshine is the title of an American sitcom that aired on the ABC network for a season beginning in 1986 . The series followed the trials and tribulations of Paul Stark ( played by Jeffrey Tambor ) , a blind university professor . Co-stars were Barbara Babcock and Leonard Frey . The series was controversial during its run , attracting criticism from interest groups claiming that Mr. Sunshine poked fun at the visually impaired by using the lead character 's disability as a focus for much of the show 's humor . Supporters of the series said the show treated the character and the disability respectfully .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed4d5ddec16efa85820897c709e5b629", "text": "Paul Michael Paul Michael ( August 15 , 1926 -- July 8 , 2011 ) was an American actor . He was a regular guest star on American television appearing in Kojak , Hill Street Blues , Alias , Gilmore Girls and Frasier among others . He played a cop in the Hollywood movie Batman . He also played King Johnny Romano on Dark Shadows . He was also in movies such as `` Mask of the Red Death '' and made for TV movie , `` Where There 's a Will '' . He did many plays with his sweetheart , Marion Ross . They traveled together doing plays like `` The Last Great Romance '' among others . He was best known for his appearances on Broadway where he frequently played Zorba , Tevia in `` Fiddler on the Roof '' and the barber in `` The Man of La Mancha '' . He danced in `` Bells are Ringing '' with Vivian Leigh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "354ba63c66fec8e0452c51ae7ecfb4e7", "text": "Paul Nicholas Paul Nicholas ( born Paul Oscar Beuselinck ; 3 December 1944 ) is an English actor and singer . He started out with a pop career , but soon changed to musical theatre . Later , in the 1970s , he began an acting career . He returned to the pop charts , starring in the 1983 BBC sitcom Just Good Friends , for which he is best known . The show won a BAFTA and Nicholas was also nominated for best comedy performance . After the show ended , he returned to musical theatre and various other entertainment roles , including producing and directing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da538ebb0b456ababaeb37af9bb67519", "text": "Final Mission `` Final Mission '' is the 83rd episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : The Next Generation , and the ninth episode of the fourth season . After learning that he finally has been accepted into Starfleet Academy , Wesley Crusher welcomes Picard 's invitation to accompany him on an away mission that could resolve a mining dispute on an arid world . But following a shuttle crash and a near disastrous search for water that leaves the captain near death , Wesley finds himself charged with the weighty responsibility of keeping both himself and Picard alive until a rescue team can locate them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c0dd10c817fc76a7122dd9e53e76b6", "text": "Paul Willson Paul Lee Willson ( born December 25 , 1945 ) is an American actor , most notable for his television work . He was born in Fairmont , Minnesota , the son of Doris Geraldine and Lee Wilford Willson . Willson has played numerous guest characters on a variety of shows including Full House as Stu in episode `` Crimes and Michelle 's Demeanor '' in 1990 , Curb Your Enthusiasm , Boston Public , Caroline in the City , The Newsroom and Star Trek : Voyager . He is perhaps most famous for his repeated guest character of `` Paul Krapence '' on the television show Cheers ( which he also reprised in an episode of the Cheers spin-off , Frasier ) . His character was originally called `` Gregg '' because Paul Vaughn was already playing a character named `` Paul '' on Cheers . For five years ( 1986-1990 ) he was Garry Shandling 's neighbor `` Leonard Smith '' on It 's Garry Shandling 's Show . Willson also appeared on Garry Shandling 's The Larry Sanders Show playing Larry 's accountant , and the brother of Sid the cue card holder . He played Ed , a neighbor , in a few episodes of Malcolm in the Middle . His film appearances include The Pack ( 1977 ) , The Devonsville Terror ( 1983 ) , My Best Friend Is a Vampire ( 1987 ) , Moving ( 1988 ) , 976-EVIL ( 1988 ) , Problem Child 2 ( 1990 ) , Circuitry Man ( 1990 ) , Plughead Rewired : Circuitry Man II ( 1994 ) and the comedy film Office Space ( 1999 ) as one of `` The Bobs '' . Willson also appeared on the CBS sitcoms The King of Queens and The Big Bang Theory . He was recently in a promotional video for the Nintendo DS game Personal Trainer : Cooking with Fred Willard . Although primarily recognized for his television work , he has been noted as a `` great improv player '' by Garry Shandling as a result of their time working together doing improv in the late 1970s . Cheers producer Ken Levine has also acknowledged Willson as `` one of the greatest improv artists I have EVER seen . '' Since 2012 he has appeared in television ads for Safeco Insurance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f27059f1d91c8e8e35b23f5a779370d", "text": "Wesley Pruden James Wesley Pruden , Jr. , known as Wesley Pruden ( born 1935 ) , is an American journalist and author . He was the editor-in-chief of The Washington Times from 1992 until his retirement in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7baff779b335706058f4b58fd20c834a", "text": "Guiding Light (1990–99) The Guiding Light ( TGL ) is currently the longest-running American television soap opera . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca2003098706488cbe11fae41b47d4c0", "text": "Paul Drane Paul Drane is an Australian television producer-director . He was initially known as studio director of the Australian TV pop show Countdown from 1975 to 1977 . During this period , he directed several music videos ( promotional film clips ) made especially for Countdown , including the original clips for the AC/DC hits `` It 's a Long Way to the Top '' and `` Jailbreak '' . His innovative and award-winning Countdown video for Supernaut 's `` I Like It Both Ways '' gave viewers an early taste of visual effects in music videos . These were achieved without the benefit of ( yet to be invented ) high end CGI , but improvised with clever use of video feed-back by pointing the cameras at monitors to create wildly looping , distortion effects . With its blend of live action and 2D visual imagery , the award-winning video was an early glimpse of the rapid advances that lay ahead . In addition to the Countdown live performances , Drane independently produced and directed many Australian music videos during the 70s ( Skyhooks , John Paul Young , Cold Chisel , Little River Band , Marcia Hines ) and full concerts from local and international artists . In 1978 he produced and directed the independent music documentary , ` Australian Music to the World ' , based on the original radio series by Vince Lovegrove . Filmed worldwide , the program featured interviews and performances by artists including AC/DC ( live in Atlanta ) , Peter Allen , Helen Reddy and Little River Band . The following year Drane produced and directed the documentary special ` The Prophecies of Nostradamus ' for Australian television network Seven . Hosted by actor , John Waters , the program set a ratings record , with unprecedented reaction the following day , prompting the network to schedule a repeat run two weeks later . This program was sold to Warner Bros in the United States in 1980 . Repackaged for worldwide release , it was hosted by Orson Welles and titled ` The Man Who Saw Tomorrow ' . Throughout his lengthy career Paul Drane has maintained his passion for music , and in particular live music on television . This has given rise to classic televised concerts from artists including Split Enz , INXS , and Paul Kelly , and iconic musical moments such as Stevie Wright 's ` Evie ' at the Sydney Opera House . Since 2005 Drane has directed RocKwiz for SBS One and continues to make music videos and television content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "953e41e14b9450fcc8e115455d048a88", "text": "Daniel Wesley (athlete) Daniel Wesley ( aka Daniel Westley ) is a Canadian athlete who won 12 medals while competing in the Paralympic Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b648a7edc5f8f480f661fdf04f42f070", "text": "Wesley Barry Wesley Barry ( August 10 , 1907 -- April 11 , 1994 ) was an American child actor in silent motion pictures . He later became a producer and director of both film and television . As a director , he was sometimes billed as Wesley E. Barry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe9f0409b7df4e608d40fe25b13c3120", "text": "Lizzie Spaulding Elizabeth Lillian Spaulding Lewis ( previously Randall ) is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera Guiding Light . The role was last portrayed by actress Marcy Rylan from February 7 , 2006 to September 18 , 2009 . She is the daughter of Phillip Spaulding and Beth Raines , born onscreen on Thanksgiving in 1990 . Her birth year was later revised to 1986 when she turned 18 in 2004 . She is the third Elizabeth in her family ; her paternal grandmother and mother 's first names are Elizabeth as well . For Lizzie 's battle with leukemia in 2000 , the show received a Special Recognition Award from the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society for bringing national awareness of the disease to the attention of daytime viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e9315149eb001ae68fa4c5e1d259b08", "text": "Paul Brandner Paul Brandner is a fictional character of German soap opera Verbotene Liebe ( Forbidden Love ) . The character was portrayed by actor Tobias Schönenberg from April 15 , 2005 to April 27 , 2007 . Paul was written out , when Schönenberg decided not to re-sign with the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bea1a7751d9080c8087f42b56a9754d3", "text": "Wesley, Arkansas Wesley is an unincorporated community in Madison County , Arkansas , United States . Wesley is located at the junction of Arkansas Highway 74 and Arkansas Highway 295 11 mi west-southwest of Huntsville . Wesley has a post office with ZIP code 72773 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05133102cc2fd0db8aa29845de3fcf71", "text": "Walking Tall (TV series) Walking Tall is an American television drama series that ran on NBC in 1981 for one season of seven episodes . The first 5 episodes aired Saturday nights at 9:00 p.m. ( opposite the ABC series The Love Boat ) . The last 2 episodes aired Tuesday nights at 10:00 p.m. ( opposite ABC 's Hart to Hart ) . NBC reran all 7 episodes from April -- June 1981 . This one-hour show was a continuation of the 1973 film Walking Tall , which was based on the life of McNairy County Sheriff Buford Pusser . In this series , Pusser is the sheriff of the fictionalized McNeal County , Tennessee , fighting criminals each week in 1969 . Bo Svenson played Pusser , whom he had played before in Walking Tall Part 2 ( 1975 ) and Walking Tall : Final Chapter ( 1977 ) . ( Brian Dennehy played Pusser in A Real American Hero in 1978 on CBS ) . The rest of the cast included : Walter Barnes as Carl Pusser Harold Sylvester as Deputy Aaron Fairfax Courtney Pledger as Deputy Joan Litton Jeff Lester as Deputy Grady Spooner Heather McAdam as Dwanna Pusser Rad Daly as Michael Pusser L.Q. Jones appeared in one segment as John Witter , Pusser 's long-time nemesis . Guest stars included Robert Englund , William Windom , Chuck Connors , Merlin Olsen , Ralph Bellamy , Gail Strickland , James MacArthur , and Art Hindle . The theme song `` Walking Tall '' was sung by Brad Mercer . At the time , Svenson was the highest-paid actor in a television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45f30ee68ec15c6b70f83103f4839676", "text": "Wes Brown (actor) James Wesley `` Wes '' Brown ( born January 26 , 1982 ) is an American actor .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6ca255544589c90fde19b5d98564b659	The Homesman was directed by Hailee Steinfeld.	[ { "docid": "073b0232d9651420827788f7357fa720", "text": "The Homesman The Homesman is a 2014 French-American historical period drama set in the 1850s Midwest , directed and co-produced by Tommy Lee Jones and co-written with Kieran Fitzgerald and Wesley Oliver , based on the 1988 novel of the same name by Glendon Swarthout . The film stars Jones and Hilary Swank and also features Meryl Streep , Hailee Steinfeld , John Lithgow , and James Spader . The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival and received a North American limited release on November 14 , 2014 by Roadside Attractions . The Homesman has received mostly positive reviews from critics . Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a rating average of 7.1 / 10 . The title refers to the task of taking immigrants back home , which was typically a man 's job to carry out .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "fa953bad38bca1fbf0fe3cb22da64299", "text": "Walkman Walkman is a Sony brand tradename originally used for portable audio cassette/tape players in the late 1970s . In the 2010s , it was used to market Sony 's portable audio and video players as well as a line of former Sony Ericsson mobile phones . The original Walkman actually introduced a change in music listening habits by allowing people to carry recorded music with them and listen to music through lightweight headphones . Owners of the Walkman were able to take back their `` lost '' time , commuting for example , and turn it into a pleasurable experience , or add a soundtrack to their urban surroundings . It was the privatization and personalization offered by the Walkman that led to its success . The Walkman has gained popularity in recent years because in the 2014 film `` Guardians Of The Galaxy '' and it 's 2017 predecessor `` Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol . 2 , '' the main character uses a Walkman and cassette to listen to his music . The prototype was built in 1978 by audio-division engineer Nobutoshi Kihara for Sony co-founder Masaru Ibuka . Ibuka wanted to be able to listen to operas during his frequent trans-Pacific plane trips , and presented the idea to Kihara . The original idea for a portable stereo is credited to Brazilian-German inventor Andreas Pavel . The first Walkman was marketed in 1979 in Japan , using the name Walkman . From 1980 , it was known as the Soundabout in many other countries including the US , Freestyle in Sweden , and the Stowaway in the UK . Advertising , despite all the foreign languages , still attracted thousands of buyers in the US specifically . Sony President and co-founder Akio Morita hated the name `` Walkman '' and asked that it be changed , but relented after being told by junior executives that a promotion campaign had already begun using the brand name and that it would be too expensive to change . The names `` Walkman '' , `` Pressman '' , `` Watchman '' , `` Scoopman '' , `` Discman '' , and `` Talkman '' are trademarks of Sony , and have been applied to a wide range of portable entertainment devices manufactured by the company . The name `` Walkman '' was based on its precursor , the Pressman tape recorder . An initial prototype of the Walkman was in fact made by replacing the monophonic recording circuit , head and speaker from the Pressman with a stereo playback-only head and amplifier . Sony continues to use the `` Walkman '' brand name for most of their portable audio devices , after the `` Discman '' name for CD players was dropped in the late 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dd6f0ecdccb8fdfa7a8f9494b0db834", "text": "Seinfeld: A XXX Parody Seinfeld : A XXX Parody is a 2009 American pornographic situation comedy film that parodies the American television sitcom Seinfeld which ran from 1989 until 1998 . Like other porn parodies , it has the same characters , settings and other production elements of the original show but adds an explicitly sexual element that was not present in the series . Written by A.J. Slater and directed by Lee Roy Myers , the plot is based on the episode `` The Soup Nazi '' . The film stars James Deen , Kristina Rose , Eric John , Steve Pomerantz , Evan Stone , Ashlynn Brooke , London Keyes , Natalie Horton , Tony Disergio , Sasha Grey , Sadie West and Cassandra Calogera . Released to DVD on June 29 , 2009 , the movie received positive reviews from critics , who enjoyed the acting , casting , sexual content and comedy . In addition to the positive reception , it also earned ten nominations at the 27th AVN Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcad58bc084bf32fe0f8e52bfcbc2009", "text": "Charles Herman-Wurmfeld Charles Herman-Wurmfeld ( born July 5 , 1966 ) is an American film director . He directed the movies Kissing Jessica Stein and Legally Blonde 2 : Red , White & Blonde .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6dc1c0c23026312493ec7314c3baca19", "text": "Home (Robinson novel) Home is a novel written by the Pulitzer Prize-winning American author Marilynne Robinson . Published in 2008 , it is Robinson 's third novel , preceded by Housekeeping in 1980 and Gilead in 2004 . The novel chronicles the life of the Boughton family , specifically the father , Reverend Robert Boughton , and Glory and Jack , two of Robert 's adult children who return home to Gilead , Iowa . A companion to Gilead , Home is an independent novel that takes place concurrently . The novel won one of the 2008 Los Angeles Times Book Prizes , the 2009 Orange Prize for Fiction and was a finalist for the 2008 National Book Award for Fiction . Home was named one of the `` 100 Notable Books of 2008 '' by The New York Times , one of the `` Best Books of 2008 '' by The Washington Post , one of the `` Favorite Books 2008 '' of The Los Angeles Times , one of the `` Best Books of 2008 '' of The San Francisco Chronicle , as well as one of The New Yorker book critic James Wood 's ten favorite books of 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2748f5b1c1e670d57e11a8f4f4b13963", "text": "Michael Schultz Michael Schultz ( born November 10 , 1938 ) is an American director and producer of film and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea470aaa791186bf43ca26086f4c67cd", "text": "Hannah Friedman Hannah Friedman ( born September 29 , 1986 ) is a writer , director , and musician from New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5102c5133c1d95f98b6ded1896038099", "text": "Deconstructing Dinner Deconstructing Dinner is the creation of food systems journalist Jon Steinman . The series has taken many forms including its internationally syndicated radio show and podcast ( 2006-2010 ) , print media , and its annual film festival . Most recently it has become a multimedia television and web series produced in collaboration with Declan O'Driscoll , Stornoway Communications ( ichannel ) and the Canada Media Fund ( CMF ) . It is one of the only sources of media in Canada and the U.S. solely dedicated to investigating the origins and impacts of food choices and sharing the stories of people and communities who are reconstructing food systems abroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34789a1d3988f22f0b5addf26f90e0c6", "text": "Project 2x1 Project 2x1 is a 2013 American documentary film about the Hasidic and West Indian residents of Crown Heights , Brooklyn . It is shot in part using Google Glass . Project 2x1 is directed by Hannah Roodman , and produced by Lisa Campbell and Jaqueline Ratner Stauber . The film is produced by a diverse group of Crown Heights residents ; the Project 2 × 1 film project was initially founded by Mendy Seldowitz , Hannah Roodman , Celso White and Ben Millstein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb1da36a33d9b532cd6ff817e8139989", "text": "Garden State (film) Garden State is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama film , written and directed by Zach Braff and starring Braff , Natalie Portman , Peter Sarsgaard , and Ian Holm . The film centers on Andrew Largeman ( Braff ) , a 26-year-old actor/waiter who returns to his hometown in New Jersey after his mother dies . Braff based the film on his real life experiences . It was filmed in April and May 2003 and released on July 28 , 2004 . New Jersey was the main setting and primary shooting location . Garden State received positive reviews upon its release and has garnered a cult following . It was an official selection of the Sundance Film Festival . The film also spawned a soundtrack for which Braff , who picked the music himself , won a Grammy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d6d6c7c5617dcff222b3a65d1d38b71", "text": "Stefanie Heinzmann discography Swiss recording artist Stefanie Heinzmann has released four regular studio albums and fourteen singles on Universal Music Domestic . In 2008 , Heinzmann won SSDSDSSWEMUGABRTLAD , a talent contest hosted in Stefan Raab 's Late-Night-Show TV total on the German ProSieben network , and was subsequently offered a recording contract with Universal Music Domestic . Her final song `` My Man Is a Mean Man '' debuted straight on top of the Swiss Singles Chart and reached the top ten in Austria and Germany , where it became a successful airplay hit during the following months . Her debut album Masterplan , primarily produced by Paul NZA and Marek Pompetzki , was released on March 7 , 2008 , throughout German-speaking Europe . Just as the singles , it made it to the top ten in Austria and Germany and also debuted atop the album charts in Switzerland , where it was certified platinum by the IFPI for 30,000 copies sold . In September 2009 , Heinzmann 's second album Roots to Grow was released . Albeit less successful commercially than her previous release , it peaked at number four on the Swiss Albums Chart and made it to the top twenty in Germany . Leading single `` No One ( Can Ever Change My Mind ) '' reached the top thirty of the Swiss Single Chart . Following a longer hiatus , Heinzmann released her self-titled third album in 2012 . The album 's first offering , `` Diggin ' in the Dirt '' reached number six in Switzerland as well as the top twenty and top thirty in Germany and Switzerland respectively , marking her highest-charting single since `` My Man Is a Mean Man '' . Equally successful , Stefanie Heinzmann became a top ten success in both Switzerland and Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "545a78620364d67dd4f740de72e891b6", "text": "Welcome to the Neighbourhood Welcome to the Neighbourhood is Meat Loaf 's seventh studio album , released in 1995 as follow-up to the popular album Bat Out of Hell II : Back into Hell . It went platinum in the United States and United Kingdom . The album is thought of as a concept album , as all of the songs are ordered in the track listing as to tell a story about a relationship throughout the years . Three singles were released : `` I 'd Lie for You ( And That 's the Truth ) '' ( a duet with Patti Russo ) , `` Not a Dry Eye in the House '' and `` Runnin ' for the Red Light ( I Got ta Life ) '' . The first two reached # 2 and # 7 in the UK charts , while the latter reached # 21 . In some markets , radio stations were also playing `` Amnesty Is Granted '' , even though it was not released as an official single . Despite the chart success of the album and its singles , only `` Amnesty is Granted '' has appeared on an official live album , Casa De Carne ( Live 2008 ) as a bonus CD with Hang Cool Teddy Bear . `` I 'd Lie for You ( And That 's the Truth ) '' was recorded as a sound check with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra , but only included as a bonus download track . Of the twelve songs on the album , two are written by Jim Steinman . Both are covers , the `` Original Sin '' from Pandora 's Box 's Original Sin album ( it was also heard in the movie The Shadow , where it was performed by Taylor Dayne ) and `` Left in the Dark '' first appeared on Steinman 's own album Bad for Good . The first two singles are written by Diane Warren , who later also wrote songs for Meat Loaf 's albums Could n't Have Said It Better and Bat Out of Hell III : The Monster Is Loose .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d623335f3c51f6a5aeb9db8c3386da7", "text": "Home Again (The X-Files) `` Home Again '' is the fourth episode of the tenth season of The X-Files . Written and directed by Glen Morgan , it first aired February 8 , 2016 , and guest stars Tim Armstrong as Trashman , Sheila Larken as Margaret Scully , Antonio Banderas as Painter , and Veena Sood as Dr. Louise Colquitt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2199c5660e63b9e7fa26d4efbedcb452", "text": "Door to Door (film) Door to Door is a 2002 television film about Bill Porter , an inspiring and successful door-to-door salesman with cerebral palsy . The film stars William H. Macy , who plays Porter , and also features Helen Mirren , Kyra Sedgwick , Michael Shanks and Kathy Baker . Door to Door , directed by Steven Schachter , was produced for the TNT cable network . It was nominated for twelve and won six Emmy Awards , including Outstanding Made for Television Movie , and also won a Peabody Award . Porter had been told for many years that he was not employable , but he was determined to succeed and focused his efforts into working as a salesman for Watkins . Despite the awkwardness and pain of his condition , he would walk eight to ten miles a day to meet his customers . Porter supported himself and continued to work as a salesman until age 69 . Door to Door is also the name of a 2009 Japanese TV movie starring Kazunari Ninomiya loosely based on the Bill Porter story set in Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dcb31d030ed15ac3efcf4c09507ab7b", "text": "Deadman Apocalypse Deadman Apocalypse is a 2016 science fiction film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d1e83466f787f6c2ef8c347edf565fe", "text": "Homebodies (film) Homebodies is a 1974 comedy horror film directed by Larry Yust . The film features a cast of veteran actors , including Ian Wolfe , Ruth McDevitt , Peter Brocco , and Douglas Fowley . The film centers on elderly residents resorting to murder to protect their condemned building .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9f6e459af0dbd6e9deeae92194d8ee4", "text": "The Homestretch The Homestretch is a 1947 American drama film directed by H. Bruce Humberstone and written by Wanda Tuchock . The film stars Cornel Wilde , Maureen O'Hara , Glenn Langan , Helen Walker , James Gleason , Henry Stephenson and Margaret Bannerman . The film was released on May 4 , 1947 , by 20th Century Fox .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86ebb3db17d4696e88f1ba5b9fd7b3ae", "text": "Farewell, Home Sweet Home Farewell , Home Sweet Home ( Adieu , plancher des vaches ! ) is a 1999 French comedy film directed by Otar Iosseliani . It was screened out of competition at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3576191260d53e17d73523160f06816c", "text": "Robert Allan Ackerman Robert Allan Ackerman ( born June 30 , 1944 , Brooklyn ) is an American film and theatre director . He has directed numerous films since 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75ff856d8d11e575bc17ecdf5fbf76de", "text": "House of Bodies House of Bodies is a 2013 American horror film directed by Alex Merkin and written by Eddie Harris . It stars Terrence Howard , Peter Fonda , George Katt , Alexz Johnson and Queen Latifah . The film was released worldwide on Netflix on April 19 , 2013 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c2a6a21403f7178c566fd1499b654b6e	Bradford's location is West Yorkshire.	[ { "docid": "ec122f2ba4e8745df67260fd5002047a", "text": "Bradford Bradford -LSB- ˈbrædfərd -RSB- is in the Metropolitan Borough of the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire , England , in the foothills of the Pennines 8.6 mi west of Leeds , and 16 mi northwest of Wakefield . Bradford became a municipal borough in 1847 , and received its charter as a city in 1897 . Following local government reform in 1974 , city status was bestowed upon the wider metropolitan borough . Bradford forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and it is the fourth largest urban area in the United Kingdom with the Bradford subdivision of the aforementioned urban area having a population of 528,155 . Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire , Bradford rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture , particularly wool . It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution , and amongst the earliest industrialised settlements , rapidly becoming the `` wool capital of the world '' . The area 's access to a supply of coal , iron ore and soft water facilitated the growth of Bradford 's manufacturing base , which , as textile manufacture grew , led to an explosion in population and was a stimulus to civic investment ; Bradford has a large amount of listed Victorian architecture including the grand Italianate City Hall . The textile sector in Bradford fell into decline from the mid-20th century . Since this time , Bradford has emerged as a tourist destination , becoming the first UNESCO City of Film with attractions such as the National Science and Media Museum , Bradford City Park , the Alhambra theatre and Cartwright Hall . However , Bradford has faced similar challenges to the rest of the post-industrial area of Northern England , including deindustrialisation , social unrest and economic deprivation .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2ef217497f72e2bec2215eff16d0e306", "text": "Midland Hotel, Bradford The Midland Hotel is a 90-bedroom three-star Victorian hotel in Bradford city centre , owned and managed by London-based Peel Hotels . The architect was Charles Trubshaw , who was contracted to design many railway stations for Midland Railway Company . Construction of the hotel began in 1885 and took five years to complete . It was built by the Midland Railway Company as part of the original Forster Square Railway Station , as a showpiece for the company 's northern operations . Following the `` golden age of steam '' the hotel fell into disrepair until it was bought by Bradford entrepreneur John Pennington in 1992 , who restored it and the hotel re-opened as the Pennington Midland Hotel in 1993 . It was sold to Peel Hotels in December 1998 , who returned it back to its original name . During its life , the hotel has played host to many famous guests , including Sir Henry Irving , an English stage actor , who died there in 1905 . The corner block of the hotel on Lower Kirkgate ( pictured ) was made a grade II listed building in 1983 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d637a00eb69ed3ed0be77e18d37c7fd2", "text": "Harold Park, Bradford Harold Park is a small urban park in Low Moor , Bradford , West Yorkshire , England . The park is open all day all year round . To the immediate north of Harold Park is Horsfall Stadium home to Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C. and Albion Sports A.F.C. Park Dam is a short walking distance to the south . The park has been given a Green Flag Award and the Platinum award from The Royal Horticultural Society Yorkshire in Bloom for open spaces .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3a2a12b623c3e4e49aadcd3b959e19a", "text": "Sunrise Radio (Yorkshire) Sunrise Radio Yorkshire is an Asian radio station in Bradford , West Yorkshire , in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "632929e247f9e63580a56d866e4881ec", "text": "Rochdale (ancient parish) Rochdale was an ecclesiastical parish of early-medieval origin in northern England , administered from the Church of St Chad , Rochdale . At its zenith , it occupied 58620 acre of land amongst the South Pennines , and straddled the historic county boundary between Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire . To the north and north-west was the parish of Whalley ; to the southwest was the parish of Bury ; to the south was Middleton and Prestwich-cum-Oldham . Anciently a dependency of Whalley Abbey , the parish of Rochdale is believed to be of Anglo-Saxon origin , as evidenced by historical documentation , toponymy and its dedication to Chad of Mercia . Urbanisation , population shifts , and local government reforms all contributed towards the gradual alteration and ultimate dissolution of the historic parish boundaries ; the social welfare functions of the parish were broadly superseded by the English Poor Laws and new units of local governance , such as the County Borough of Rochdale and the Milnrow Urban District . Today , the territory of the former parish lies within Lancashire , Greater Manchester and West Yorkshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed5aedae87d33d6e05869852b25d58d7", "text": "Low Moor, Bradford Low Moor is a village in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire , England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75b44a9f1f647edebf008b6ac36e741b", "text": "West Riding County Football Association The West Riding County Football Association is the governing body of football in the area covered by the administrative county of the West Riding of Yorkshire . Its headquarters are in the village of Woodlesford , six miles south east of Leeds . Affiliated members pay a fee commensurate with the level of competition they play in . Affiliated members benefit from access to support and guidance on such areas as health and safety and access to finance or grants . The County FA is directly responsible for the governance of County Cup competitions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c442a9134e3fc67cb9ececc83ec08090", "text": "Demography of Leeds Leeds , England is the third most populous city in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7bc0c9f18297f4d1dc1d5f0cb384a6c", "text": "Beverley Beverley is a market town , civil parish and the county town of the East Riding of Yorkshire , England . The town is noted for Beverley Minster , Beverley Westwood , North Bar ( a 15th-century gate ) and Beverley Racecourse . Its namesake serves as the origins for the cities of Beverly , Massachusetts , and , in turn , Beverly Hills in California . The town was originally known as Inderawuda and was founded around 700 AD by Saint John of Beverley during the time of the Anglian kingdom of Northumbria . After a period of Viking control , it passed to the Cerdic dynasty , a period during which it gained prominence in terms of religious importance in Great Britain . It continued to grow especially under the Normans when its trading industry was first established . A place of pilgrimage throughout the Middle Ages due to its founder , it eventually became a notable wool-trading town . Beverley was once the tenth-largest town in England , as well as one of the richest , because of its wool and the pilgrims who came to venerate its founding saint , John of Beverley . After the Reformation , the regional stature of Beverley was much reduced . In the 20th century , Beverley was the administrative centre of the local government district of the Borough of Beverley ( 1974 -- 1996 ) . It is now the county town of the East Riding , located 8 mi north-west of Hull , 10 mi east of Market Weighton and 12 mi west of Hornsea . According to the 2001 United Kingdom census the total population of the urban area of Beverley was 29,110 -- of whom 17,549 live within the historic parish boundaries . The population of the parish had risen to 18,624 at the time of the 2011 United Kingdom census . As well as its racecourse and markets , Beverley is known in the modern day for hosting various food and music festivals throughout the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c7fab491f238ae98e0276a6bdc77e67", "text": "South Kirkby South Kirkby is a town in the City of Wakefield in West Yorkshire , England which is governed locally by South Kirkby and Moorthorpe Town Council . The town forms half of the civil parish of South Kirkby and Moorthorpe . The parish has a population of 10,979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90293e4a3f347e28e2cad1417cdeca32", "text": "Allerton, West Yorkshire Allerton is a former village in Bradford , West Yorkshire , England , now increasingly part of the Bradford conurbation . Allerton was recorded in the Domesday Book as Wilsden-cum-Allerton . The local residents of the suburb pronounce it Ollerton ` Ol' rather than ` Al ' . Chellow Dene is a local beauty spot at the north of Allerton . It is a wooded valley with two Victorian reservoirs , and is a haven for local wildlife . Seabrook Potato Crisps was founded in Allerton in 1949 . The company 's Allerton factory closed in 2004 , production moving to the company 's Princeville site , also in Bradford .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8eb6f3186403fbc0c89d9df5ed1d964", "text": "Royds, Bradford Royds ( population 16,350 - 2001 UK census ) is a Ward in Bradford Metropolitan District in the county of West Yorkshire , England . The population at the 2011 Census was 17,360 . Starting from the north end of Royds , the areas covered are Horton Bank Bottom which is shared with Great Horton Ward , then Buttershaw which makes the bulk of the ward , then a portion of the south-west side of Wibsey village . South of Halifax Road is Woodside , east of which is part of Low Moor village , the rest of which is in Wyke ward . At the south end of the ward is the more rural hamlet of Royds Hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66ce0252357ce140d1624894e11ea4b2", "text": "Wharfedale line The Wharfedale line is one of the rail services in the West Yorkshire Metro area of northern England . The service connects Ilkley with Leeds and Bradford , and is operated by Northern . West Yorkshire Metrocards are available for use on the line , covering Zones 3 -- 5 . The line is served predominantly by four-coach Class 333 electric multiple units .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d318421f9f1302026b0b35fb21440400", "text": "Cutler Heights Cutler Heights is a district of Bradford , West Yorkshire , England . It is known for its many industrial estates . Category : Areas of Bradford", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e318740b0392c5efd656632c77a47dc3", "text": "Newbald Newbald is a civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire , England . It is situated approximately 8 mi west of the market town of Beverley and covering an area of 2429.702 ha . The civil parish is formed by the village of North Newbald and the hamlet of South Newbald . According to the 2011 UK census , Newbald parish had a population of 1,115 , an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0d3fb985d5a9d08f3a49252c7cfb5ea", "text": "North Stainley North Stainley is a village in the Harrogate district of North Yorkshire , England about 5 miles north of Ripon . Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire , it is the closest settlement to the theme park Lightwater Valley which is 1 km to the south .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "408109ba0a4fbbedeb1c100767b6c4fc", "text": "North Pennines The North Pennines is the northernmost section of the Pennine range of hills which runs north -- south through northern England . It lies between Carlisle to the west and Darlington to the east . It is bounded to the north by the Tyne Valley and to the south by the Stainmore Gap .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b4f58e416ac374784c13d0ecef017bf", "text": "Bradford Clay Bradford Clay in geology , is a thin , rather inconstant bed of clay or marl situated in England at the base of the Forest Marble , the two together constituting the Bradfordian group in the Bathonian series of Jurassic rocks . The term `` Bradford Clay '' appears to have been first used by J. de . C. Sowerby in 1823 as an alternative for W. Smith 's , `` Clay on Upper Oolite '' . The clay came into notice late in the 18th century on account of the local abundance of the crinoid Apiocrinus Parkinsoni . It takes its name from Bradford-on-Avon in Wiltshire , whence it is traceable southward to the Dorset coast and northward towards Cirencester . It may be regarded as a local phase of the basement beds of the Forest Marble , from which it can not be separated upon either stratigraphical or paleontological grounds . It is seldom more than 10 feet thick , and it contains , as a rule , a few irregular layers of limestone and calcareous sandstone . The lowest layer is often highly fossiliferous ; some of the common forms being Arca minuta , Ostrea gregaria , Waldheimia digona , Terebratula coarctata and Cidaris bradfordensis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a20c6dddc4ec602145b90a475a942ecd", "text": "South Yorkshire South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England . It is the southernmost county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region and had a population of 1.34 million in 2011 . It has an area of 1552 km2 and consists of four metropolitan boroughs , Barnsley , Doncaster , Rotherham and Sheffield . South Yorkshire was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972 with Barnsley as its county town . Lying on the east side of the Pennines , South Yorkshire is landlocked , and borders Derbyshire to the west and south-west , West Yorkshire to the north-west , North Yorkshire to the north , the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north-east , Lincolnshire to the east and Nottinghamshire to the south-east . The Sheffield Urban Area is the tenth most populous conurbation in the UK , and dominates the western half of South Yorkshire with over half of the county 's population living within it . South Yorkshire lies within the Sheffield City Region with Barnsley also being within the Leeds City Region , reflecting its geographical position midway between Yorkshire 's two largest cities . South Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986 and its metropolitan boroughs are now effectively unitary authorities , although the metropolitan county continues to exist in law . As a ceremonial county , South Yorkshire has a Lord Lieutenant and a High Sheriff . South Yorkshire was created from 32 local government districts of the West Riding of Yorkshire ( the administrative county and four independent county boroughs ) , with small areas from Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20ea69bd0fd063f78fe85e1c1cffda96", "text": "Pulse 1 Pulse 1 is a British Independent Local Radio station that serves the Bradford , Kirklees and Calderdale areas of West Yorkshire , England owned by Wireless Group . The station was originally known as Pennine Radio and The Pulse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9da28c7c7743dd99334c542ca797ff0d", "text": "Carlton Bolling College Carlton Bolling College is an 11 -- 18 co-educational Community school , located in Bradford in West Yorkshire , England . It has more than 1,400 pupils .", "title": "" } ]	fever
acee33c06da546d1f50798266d202af0	Hulk's worldwide gross was over $245 million.	[ { "docid": "0c9f9dfb3b769231a18149c3736fea3f", "text": "Hulk (film) Hulk is a 2003 American superhero film based on the fictional Marvel Comics character of the same name . Ang Lee directed the film , which stars Eric Bana as Dr. Bruce Banner , as well as Jennifer Connelly , Sam Elliott , Josh Lucas , and Nick Nolte . The film explores the origins of Bruce Banner , who after a lab accident involving gamma radiation finds himself able to turn into a huge green-skinned monster whenever he gets angry , while he is pursued by the United States military and comes into a conflict with his father . Development for the film started as far back as 1990 . The film was at one point to be directed by Joe Johnston and then Jonathan Hensleigh . More scripts had been written by Hensleigh , John Turman , Michael France , Zak Penn , J. J. Abrams , Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski , Michael Tolkin , and David Hayter before Ang Lee and James Schamus ' involvement . Hulk was shot mostly in California , primarily in the San Francisco Bay Area . Hulk was a commercial success , grossing over $ 245 million worldwide , higher than its $ 137 million budget , and received mixed reactions from critics . Many praised the writing , acting , character development , the action sequences and the musical score by Danny Elfman , while some criticized its outdated CGI , editing and dark story elements . A reboot , titled The Incredible Hulk , was released on June 13 , 2008 as the second film of the Marvel Cinematic Universe .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cddc20dd18f3e8b71a33154c48dcda9d", "text": "Galactus Galactus is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Formerly a mortal man , Galactus is a cosmic entity who originally consumed planets to sustain his life force , and serves a functional role in the upkeep of the primary Marvel continuity . Galactus was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and first appeared in the comic book Fantastic Four # 48 , published in March 1966 . Lee and Kirby had desired to introduce a character that broke away from the archetype of the standard villain , culminating in the creation of Galactus . In the character 's first appearance Galactus was depicted as a god-like figure who feeds by draining living planets of their energy , and operates without regard to the morality and judgements of mortal beings . Galactus ' initial origin was that of a space explorer named Galan who gained cosmic abilities by passing near a star , but writer Mark Gruenwald further developed the origin of the character , revealing that Galan lived during the previous universe . As Galan 's universe came to an end , Galan merged with the `` Sentience of the Universe '' to become Galactus , an entity that wielded such cosmic power as to require devouring entire planets to sustain his existence . Additional material written by John Byrne , Jim Starlin , and Louise Simonson explored Galactus ' role and purpose in the Marvel Universe , and examined the actions of the character through themes of genocide , manifest destiny , ethics , and natural/necessary existence . Frequently accompanied by a herald ( such as the Silver Surfer ) , the character has appeared as both antagonist and protagonist in central and supporting roles . Since debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , Galactus has played a role in over five decades of Marvel continuity . The character has been featured in other Marvel media , such as arcade games , video games , animated television series , and the 2007 film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer . In 2009 , Galactus ranked 5th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Villains '' , citing the character 's `` larger than life presence '' as making him one of the more important villains ever created . IGN also noted `` Galactus is one of the few villains on our list to really defy the definition of an evil-doer '' as the character is compelled to destroy worlds because of his hunger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ac9b47f5bae389633a818d3a790276b", "text": "The Dark Knight (film) The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed , co-produced , and co-written by Christopher Nolan . Featuring the DC Comics character Batman , the film is the second part of Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy and a sequel to 2005 's Batman Begins , starring an ensemble cast including Christian Bale , Michael Caine , Heath Ledger , Gary Oldman , Aaron Eckhart , Maggie Gyllenhaal and Morgan Freeman . In the film , Bruce Wayne/Batman ( Bale ) , James Gordon ( Oldman ) and Harvey Dent ( Eckhart ) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City , but are menaced by a criminal mastermind known as the Joker ( Ledger ) who seeks to undermine Batman 's influence and create chaos . Nolan 's inspiration for the film was the Joker 's comic book debut in 1940 , the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke , and the 1996 series The Long Halloween , which retold Two-Face 's origin . The nickname `` the Dark Knight '' was first applied to Batman in Batman # 1 ( 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger . The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago , as well as in several other locations in the United States , the United Kingdom , and Hong Kong . Nolan used IMAX 70 mm film cameras to film some sequences , including the Joker 's first appearance in the film . The film is dedicated to the memory of Ledger , who died on January 22 , 2008 , some months after the completed filming and six months before the film 's release , from a toxic combination of prescription drugs , leading to intense attention from the press and movie-going public . Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight , developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker . A co-production of the United States and the United Kingdom , The Dark Knight was released on July 16 , 2008 in Australia , on July 18 , 2008 , in North America , and on July 25 , 2008 , in the United Kingdom . Considered by film critics to be one of the best films of the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever , the film received highly positive reviews and set numerous records during its theatrical run . The Dark Knight appeared on more critics ' top ten lists ( 287 ) than any other film of 2008 with the exception of WALL-E , and more critics ( 77 ) named The Dark Knight the best film of 2008 than any other film released that year . With over $ 1 billion in revenue worldwide , it is the 29th-highest-grossing film of all time , unadjusted for inflation . The film received eight Academy Award nominations ; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor . The Dark Knight Rises , the final film in the trilogy , was released on July 20 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea71a9f054e6fe55bed434a01bc5ba3f", "text": "The Great American Bash (2005) The Great American Bash ( 2005 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It was the second annual event and took place on July 24 , 2005 , at the HSBC Arena in Buffalo , New York . The event featured wrestlers and other talent that performed on the SmackDown ! program . The main event was Batista defending the World Heavyweight Championship against John `` Bradshaw '' Layfield ( JBL ) . JBL won the match after Batista was disqualified , but did not win the title because a championship can only be won via pinfall or submission . One of the featured matches on the undercard was Rey Mysterio versus Eddie Guerrero , which Mysterio won by pinfall . The other was Orlando Jordan versus Chris Benoit for the WWE United States Championship , which Jordan won , also by pinfall . The event grossed over US$ 375,000 in ticket sales from an attendance of 8,000 , and received about 233,000 pay-per-view buys , the same amount as the following year 's event . This enabled WWE 's pay-per-view revenue to increase by $ 4.7 million from the previous year . When the 2005 event was released on DVD , it reached a peak position of second on Billboard 's DVD Sales Chart . The event was also available free of charge for Armed Forces members and their families .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4e29517648c01e1e581e4268fd7e95f", "text": "Die Hard with a Vengeance Die Hard with a Vengeance is a 1995 American action film and the third in the Die Hard film series . It was co-produced and directed by John McTiernan ( who directed Die Hard ) , written by Jonathan Hensleigh , and stars Bruce Willis as New York City Police Department Lieutenant John McClane , Samuel L. Jackson as McClane 's reluctant partner Zeus Carver , and Jeremy Irons as Simon Peter Gruber . It was released on May 19 , 1995 , five years after Die Hard 2 , becoming the highest-grossing film at the worldwide box-office that year , but received mixed reviews . It was followed by Live Free or Die Hard and A Good Day to Die Hard in 2007 and 2013 , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b2b993a806dffbff63b10dc40aa5fb1", "text": "Bad Blood (2003) Bad Blood ( 2003 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) and presented by Maxim Hair Color , which took place on June 15 , 2003 , at the Compaq Center in Houston , Texas . It was the second event produced under the Bad Blood name and starred wrestlers from the Raw brand . This event marked the beginning of worldwide pay-per-views ( with the exception of the older and more significant Royal Rumble , WrestleMania , SummerSlam and Survivor Series pay-per-views ) being brand exclusive ( UK-only pay-per-views had been brand exclusive since Insurrextion 2002 ) . The main event was a Hell in a Cell match , featuring wrestlers fighting in a ring surrounded by a steel structure . In this match , World Heavyweight Champion Triple H defeated Kevin Nash to retain his title . Two predominant bouts were featured on the undercard ; in respective singles matches , Ric Flair defeated Shawn Michaels and Goldberg defeated Chris Jericho . The event marked the second time the Hell in a Cell format was used by WWE in a Bad Blood event ; the first was at In Your House : Badd Blood in 1997 . The 2003 Bad Blood event grossed over $ 500,000 ticket sales from an attendance of 10,000 and received about 285,000 pay-per-view buys , which was more than the following year 's event . This event helped WWE increase its yearly pay-per-view revenue by $ 6.2 million from the previous year . When the event was released on DVD , it reached a peak position of second on Billboard 's DVD Sales Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ee7c99c0c2c146d86561c3cdb6a8761", "text": "Superhero (band) Superhero is a British Christian rock band . They come from Glasgow in Scotland ( United Kingdom ) . The band tour extensively throughout the UK , Europe and the United States . Superhero have toured with bands like : Delirious ? , Skillet , DecembeRadio and have supported the likes of Switchfoot , Third Day , Newsboys , Rebecca St James and others as well as mainstream acts like Futureheads and Bell X1 . More recently the band have started to Headline their own `` tours '' and festivals in the UK as well as in the US and Europe , such as Flevo , Big Boss , Festival de Paque , Slot and others . Superhero toured the USA from 2007 - 2010 and are now concentrating on the UK and Eastern Europe with particular attention to Estonia and Latvia . 2014 will see Superhero embark upon their first tour in Russia . The band were signed to Delirious record label in 2004 , securing a marketing and distribution deal with Fierce . The band released 2 albums through Fierce . The band released their 5th studio album entitled : ` Things we need for the Journey ' in 2013 . The new record has been picked up by record labels both here in the UK and also distrobution in the USA . In August 2010 , Superhero announced plans for a 3 year 194 date tour . The tour , which began on 7 October in California has been titled the `` Battle for your Soul '' Tour and continues into the UK through 2011 / 2012 / 2013 with dates in the UK , USA , and throughout Europe . The band will be partnering with other artists , evangelists and local churches and Christian groups around the UK , USA and Europe . The main focus of the tour is reaching people with the Gospel and the aim is to see in excess of 5000 young people responding to the message over the course of the tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14575b206af578a89886798785f92bcd", "text": "Superman vs. Spider-Man XXX: An Axel Braun Parody Superman vs. Spider-Man XXX : An Axel Braun Parody is a 2012 pornographic superhero comedy film . The film is the first of several films by Vivid Entertainment to feature parodies of well-known superhero portrayals in movies and television . The positive reaction to the film caused Vivid to announce plans for an entire line of similar films , to be released under the new Axel Braun-led imprint Vivid Superhero .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8184a2637c5ae5041c16f7b13a7b09c1", "text": "WrestleMania 23 WrestleMania 23 was the twenty-third annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It was presented by 360 OTC and took place on April 1 , 2007 , at Ford Field in Detroit , Michigan . The event was the first WrestleMania at Ford Field and the second to take place in the Detroit metropolitan area ( following WrestleMania III , at the Pontiac Silverdome , in Pontiac , Michigan ) . The event was a joint-brand pay-per-view , featuring performers from the Raw , SmackDown ! , and ECW brands . Eight professional wrestling matches were featured on the event 's supercard , a scheduling of more than one main event . The main match on the Raw brand was John Cena versus Shawn Michaels for the WWE Championship , in which Cena won . The predominant match on the SmackDown ! brand was Batista versus The Undertaker for the World Heavyweight Championship , in which The Undertaker was victorious . The primary match on the ECW brand was an eight-man tag team match between The ECW Originals and The New Breed ; The ECW Originals claimed victory in the match . Other featured matches on the card included ECW Champion Bobby Lashley ( representing Donald Trump ) versus Intercontinental Champion Umaga ( representing Vince McMahon ) in a match where either Trump or McMahon would be shaved bald if their wrestler lost , and an eight-man interpromotional Money in the Bank ladder match . Tickets for the event went on sale on November 11 , 2006 . The all-time Ford Field attendance record of 80,103 consisted of people from all fifty U.S. states , twenty-four countries , and nine Canadian provinces . WrestleMania 23 grossed US$ 5.38 million in ticket sales , breaking the previous record of $ 3.9 million held at WrestleMania X8 . WWE estimated that $ 25 million was pumped into the Detroit economy . With about 1.2 million buys , the event was the highest WWE pay-per-view buyrate in history . WrestleMania XXVIII in 2012 passed 1.2 million buys with 1.21 million buys . It also has the fourth highest attendance in WrestleMania history behind only WrestleMania III and later WrestleMania 29 , and WrestleMania 32 which drew 80,676 fans in 2013 and 101,763 in 2016 , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8252ad04f97d4e5a596533ed2afab8e8", "text": "John Cena John Felix Anthony Cena Jr. ( -LSB- ˈsiːnə -RSB- born April 23 , 1977 ) is an American professional wrestler , rapper , actor , and reality television show host . He is signed to WWE , where he performs on the SmackDown brand . Cena started his professional wrestling career in 1999 with Ultimate Pro Wrestling ( UPW ) and won the UPW Heavyweight Championship the following year . Cena signed a developmental contract with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , later renamed to World Wrestling Entertainment , or simply WWE ) in 2001 , debuting on the WWE main roster in 2002 . From a generic character in 2002 , Cena morphed into a rapper for the time period of 2002 -- 2004 , which earned him fame within the audience on SmackDown ! . Cena later transitioned to his current character , which he describes as a `` goody-two shoes Superman '' . However , Cena has been labeled as the `` most polarizing professional wrestler ever '' as his character has many supporters and many detractors , according to Jim Ross of Fox Sports , who also noted that Cena has been WWE 's franchise player for a long-time . In 2012 , IGN described Cena as WWE 's franchise player since 2005 and WWE credited Cena as being the `` face of WWE '' in 2015 since 2004 . Industry veterans John Layfield , Paul Heyman , and Kurt Angle have called Cena the greatest WWE star of all time . Throughout his WWE career , Cena has won 25 championships , with 16 reigns as a world champion ( 13 times as WWE Champion and three times as WWE 's World Heavyweight Champion ) , an accomplishment only previously achieved by WWE Hall of Famer Ric Flair . He is also a five-time United States Champion , and four-time world tag team champion ( two World Tag Team and two WWE Tag Team ) . Furthermore , he is a Money in the Bank ladder match winner ( 2012 ) , a two-time Royal Rumble winner ( 2008 , 2013 ) , and a three-time Superstar of the Year Slammy Award winner ( 2009 , 2010 , 2012 ) . Cena has the fourth-highest number of combined days as WWE Champion , behind Bruno Sammartino , Bob Backlund , and Hulk Hogan . He has also headlined WWE 's flagship event , WrestleMania , on five different occasions ( WrestleManias 22 , 23 , XXVII , XXVIII , and 29 ) over the course of his career , as well as many others pay-per-view events . As of 2016 , John Cena is WWE 's highest-paid wrestler . Outside of wrestling , Cena has released the rap album You Ca n't See Me , which debuted at No. 15 on the US Billboard 200 chart , and starred in the feature films The Marine ( 2006 ) , 12 Rounds ( 2009 ) , Legendary ( 2010 ) , The Reunion ( 2011 ) , Trainwreck ( 2015 ) , and Sisters ( 2015 ) . Cena has also made appearances on television shows including Manhunt , Deal or No Deal , MADtv , Saturday Night Live , Punk 'd , Psych , and Parks and Recreation . He was also a contestant on Fast Cars and Superstars : The Gillette Young Guns Celebrity Race , where he made it to the final round before being eliminated , placing third in the overall competition . Cena is also the host of American Grit on Fox . Cena is involved in numerous philanthropic causes ; most notably with the Make-A-Wish Foundation . He has granted the most wishes in Make-A-Wish history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82ce5efc975419724b224b726e86091e", "text": "Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' . Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d9df8bd148ebf5bd18a619ff7d678b", "text": "Tower Heist Tower Heist is a 2011 American heist comedy film directed by Brett Ratner and written by Ted Griffin and Jeff Nathanson , based on a story by Bill Collage , Adam Cooper and Griffin . The plot follows Josh Kovaks ( Ben Stiller ) , Charlie Gibbs ( Casey Affleck ) and Enrique Dev ` reaux ( Michael Peña ) , employees of an exclusive apartment building who lose their pensions in the Ponzi scheme of Wall Street businessman Arthur Shaw ( Alan Alda ) . The group enlist the aid of criminal Slide ( Eddie Murphy ) , bankrupt businessman Mr. Fitzhugh ( Matthew Broderick ) and another employee of the apartment building , Odessa ( Gabourey Sidibe ) , to break into Shaw 's apartment and steal back their money while avoiding the FBI agent in charge of his case , Claire Denham ( Téa Leoni ) . Tower Heist began development as early as 2005 , based on an idea by Murphy that would star himself and an all-black cast of comedians as a heist group who rob Trump International Hotel and Tower . As the script developed and changed into an Ocean 's Eleven -- style caper , Murphy left the project . Ratner continued to develop the idea into what would eventually become Tower Heist , with Murphy later rejoining the production . Filming took place entirely in New York City on a budget of $ 75 million ( after tax rebates ) , with several buildings provided by Donald Trump used to represent the eponymous tower . The film score was composed by Christophe Beck and released commercially on November 1 , 2011 . The film received mixed reviews with much of the praise going to the cast , including Broderick , Leoni and Stiller . However , Murphy was repeatedly singled out by critics as the star of the film , with critics feeling that he displayed a welcome return to the comedic style of his early career . Much of the criticism received by the film was focused on the plot , which was considered `` formulaic , '' `` rushed , '' `` dull '' and `` laborious . '' The film was released on November 4 , 2011 and earned $ 152 million worldwide . Prior to release , the film was involved in a controversy over plans by Universal Pictures to release it for home viewing on video on demand to 500,000 Comcast customers , only three weeks after its theatrical debut . Concern over the implementation 's harming ticket sales and inspiring further films to follow suit resulted in several theater chains ' refusal to show the film at all if the plan went ahead , forcing Universal to abandon the idea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f76f0d838d762d02ad86e580082e06be", "text": "WrestleMania VII WrestleMania VII was the seventh annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) . It took place on March 24 , 1991 , at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena in Los Angeles , California . The main event saw Hulk Hogan defeat Sgt. Slaughter for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship as part of a controversial storyline in which Sgt. Slaughter portrayed an Iraqi sympathizer during the United States ' involvement in the Gulf War . Significant events on the undercard included The Undertaker 's WrestleMania debut and the beginning of his renowned winning streak , a retirement match between Randy Savage and The Ultimate Warrior leading to the former 's reuniting with estranged love Miss Elizabeth , as well as the final match of the original Hart Foundation , after which Bret Hart became primarily a singles wrestler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c67576118df9bb1370e0ea97b125da7", "text": "Ring of Honor Ring of Honor ( ROH ) is an American professional wrestling promotion , founded in 2002 by RF Video owner Rob Feinstein . From 2004 to 2011 , the promotion was under the ownership of Cary Silkin before being sold to the Sinclair Broadcast Group ( SBG ) , an American telecommunications company that operates the largest number of local television stations in the United States . ROH holds TV tapings , pay-per-view events , live events , and Internet pay-per-view events throughout the United States and Canada . It has also held shows in the United Kingdom and Japan . Annual shows include the Anniversary Show , Supercard of Honor ( held annually during WrestleMania weekend ) , Best in the World , Global Wars , Death Before Dishonor , Glory By Honor , and Final Battle ( the last show of the calendar year and ROH 's marquee event ) . ROH records all of its shows and sells them on DVD through mail order via its online store , and the DVDs have developed a fanbase for the promotion in the United States and beyond . In 2009 , ROH signed a television deal with HDNet , which aired shows every week until 2011 . As of September 2011 , ROH 's flagship broadcast Ring of Honor Wrestling has been syndicated by parent company Sinclair Broadcasting , and airs on Sinclair owned stations across the country . ROH is also broadcast on Samurai TV in Japan , and is the third-largest professional wrestling promotion in the United States , behind WWE and after Impact Wrestling . On June 22 , 2014 , ROH had its first live pay-per-view broadcast , Best in the World , from Nashville , Tennessee . It was followed-up on December 7 with their biggest show of the year Final Battle , from Terminal 5 in New York City . Their next pay-per-view aired March 1 , 2015 , which was their 13th Anniversary Show , from Las Vegas , Nevada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c6baa1f4ab4f916514352c284042280", "text": "Hulk Classics Hulk Classics was an action figure line based on the characters of Marvel Comics , and produced by Toy Biz in 2003 . The line revolves around the Hulk and his supporting cast from the comic book series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752b17e55faaa8e62f978482e6eee6f0", "text": "Mortal Kombat Mortal Kombat is a video game franchise originally developed by Midway Games ' Chicago studio in 1992 . Following Midway 's bankruptcy , the Mortal Kombat development team was acquired by Warner Bros. and turned into NetherRealm Studios . Warner Bros. . Interactive Entertainment currently owns the rights of the franchise and rebooted it in 2011 . The development of the first game was originally based on an idea that Ed Boon and John Tobias had of making a video game starring Jean-Claude Van Damme , but as that idea fell through , a fantasy-horror themed fighting game titled Mortal Kombat was created instead . The original game has spawned many sequels and has spun a media franchise consisting of several action-adventure games , films ( animated and live-action with its own sequel ) , and television series ( animated and live-action ) . Other spin-offs include comic book series , a card game and a live-action tour . Along with Capcom 's Street Fighter and Bandai Namco 's Tekken , Mortal Kombat has become one of the most successful fighting franchises in the history of video games . , the franchise had generated $ 5 billion in revenue , making it one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The series has a reputation for high levels of bloody violence , including , most notably , its Fatalities ( finishing moves , requiring a sequence of button inputs to perform ) . The Fatalities , in part , led to the creation of the ESRB video game rating system . The series name itself is also known for using the letter `` K '' in place of `` C '' for the hard C sound , thus intentionally misspelling the word `` combat '' , as well as other words with the hard C sound within later games in the series . Early games in the series were also noted for its realistic digitized sprites ( which differentiated it from its contemporaries ' hand-drawn sprites ) and an extensive use of palette swapping to create new characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05956e8ed91bed9a8dd89213d43da62", "text": "Thor (Marvel Comics) Thor Odinson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character , based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name , is the Asgardian god of thunder and possesses the enchanted hammer Mjolnir , which grants him the ability of flight and weather manipulation amongst his other superhuman attributes . Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , the character first appeared in Journey into Mystery # 83 ( Aug. 1962 ) and was created by editor-plotter Stan Lee , scripter Larry Lieber , and penciller-plotter Jack Kirby . He has starred in several ongoing series and limited series , and is a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers , appearing in each volume of that series . The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series , clothing , toys , trading cards , video games , and movies . The character was first portrayed in live action by Eric Allan Kramer in the 1988 television movie The Incredible Hulk Returns . Chris Hemsworth portrays Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor , The Avengers , Thor : The Dark World and Avengers : Age of Ultron and will reprise his role in Thor : Ragnarok , Avengers : Infinity War , and its untitled sequel . Thor placed 14th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time '' in 2011 , and first in their list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d2df65afab65724119a553a9a70fdb6", "text": "Rocky III Rocky III is a 1982 American sports drama film written , directed by , and starring Sylvester Stallone . It is the third installment in the Rocky film series , and the second in the franchise to be directed by Stallone . The movie features returning co-stars Carl Weathers , Burgess Meredith , Talia Shire and Burt Young . Rocky III also marks the film debuts of Mr. T as James `` Clubber '' Lang , and of professional wrestler Hulk Hogan as the supporting character `` Thunderlips '' . Rocky III is the first installment in the series to be distributed by MGM/UA rather than United Artists alone . In 1980 , United Artists , who owned the rights to the Rocky films , made Heaven 's Gate , a film which cost $ 44 million and made only $ 3 million . In response , United Artists ' owner , Transamerica , sold United Artists to MGM , forming MGM/UA in 1981 . The film 's main theme , `` Eye of the Tiger '' , was written by the group Survivor and became a smash hit single , topping the U.S. Billboard charts and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d56ca373faae6138d0b013455112428a", "text": "Stone Cold Steve Austin Steve Austin ( born Steven James Anderson on December 18 , 1964 , later Steven James Williams ) , better known by the ring name `` Stone Cold '' Steve Austin , is an American actor , media personality , producer , and retired professional wrestler who is signed to a Legends contract with WWE . Veteran pro wrestling journalist Wade Keller remarked that Austin is `` in every conversation for the greatest wrestling act of all time '' , as well as for `` the most profitable and the most influential '' . He enjoyed a successful mid card career as `` Stunning '' Steve Austin in World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and a stint as a main event performer in Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) during the early and mid 1990s , before signing with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) in 1995 as The Ringmaster . Rebranded `` Stone Cold '' Steve Austin the following year , he gained significant mainstream popularity as a disrespectful , beer-drinking antihero who routinely defied the establishment and his boss , company chairman Vince McMahon . This persona of Austin 's became the `` poster boy '' of the Attitude Era , a boom period in WWF business in the latter 1990s and early 2000s . He also devised the long-standing `` What ? '' chant in pro wrestling . Several prominent industry figures , including McMahon , have declared Austin to be the biggest star in WWF/E history , while stressing that he surpassed the popularity of Hulk Hogan . Austin held 19 championships throughout his wrestling career ; he is a six-time WWF Champion , a two-time WWF Intercontinental Champion , and a four-time WWF Tag Team Champion , thus making him the fifth Triple Crown Champion in WWE history , while also being a two-time WCW United States Heavyweight Champion , a two-time WCW World Television Champion , a one-time WCW World Tag Team Champion , and a one-time NWA World Tag Team Champion in WCW . He was also the winner of the 1996 King of the Ring tournament , as well as the 1997 , 1998 , and 2001 Royal Rumbles , making him the only three-time winner of the event . Furthermore , he was awarded the unsanctioned Million Dollar Championship by Ted DiBiase . Austin has headlined multiple pay-per-view events for the WWF , including three WrestleManias ( XIV , XV , and X-Seven ) . He was forced to retire from in-ring competition in 2003 due to a series of knee injuries and a serious neck injury . Throughout the rest of 2003 and 2004 , he was featured as the Co-General Manager and `` Sheriff '' of Raw . Since 2005 , he has continued to make occasional appearances , and was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2009 by Vince McMahon . In 2011 , Austin returned to WWE to host the reboot of the reality series Tough Enough .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" } ]	fever
90425fa7d9a7ad06a363bce3aa067ad4	Justin Timberlake is from the United States and is someone who produces music.	[ { "docid": "325a1a19367335b76c27932ae1594975", "text": "Justin Timberlake Justin Randall Timberlake ( born January 31 , 1981 ) is an American singer-songwriter , actor and record producer . Born and raised in Tennessee , he appeared on the television shows Star Search and The All-New Mickey Mouse Club as a child . In the late 1990s , Timberlake rose to prominence as one of the two lead vocalists and youngest member of NSYNC , which eventually became one of the best-selling boy bands of all time . Timberlake began to adopt a more mature image as an artist with the release of his debut solo album , the R&B - focused Justified ( 2002 ) , which yielded the successful singles `` Cry Me a River '' and `` Rock Your Body '' , and earned his first two Grammy Awards . His critically acclaimed second album FutureSex/LoveSounds ( 2006 ) , characterized by its diversity in music genres , debuted atop the U.S. Billboard 200 and produced the Hot 100 number-one singles `` SexyBack '' , `` My Love '' , and `` What Goes Around ... Comes Around '' . Established as a solo artist worldwide , his first two albums both exceeded sales of 10 million copies . He produced records and collaborated with other artists . From 2008 through 2012 , Timberlake focused on his acting career , effectively putting his music career on hiatus ; he held starring roles in the films The Social Network , Bad Teacher , In Time , and Friends with Benefits . Timberlake resumed his music career in 2013 with his third and fourth albums The 20/20 Experience and The 20/20 Experience -- 2 of 2 , exploring neo soul styles , partly inspired by the expansive song structures of 1960s and 1970s rock . The former became the best-selling album of the year in the US with the largest sales week , and spawned the top-three singles `` Suit & Tie '' and `` Mirrors '' , while the latter produced the top-ten song `` Not a Bad Thing '' . For his live performances , including the eponymous concert tour for the albums , he began performing with his band The Tennessee Kids , composed by instrumentalists and dancers . Timberlake voiced the lead character in DreamWorks Animation 's Trolls ( 2016 ) , which soundtrack includes his fifth Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping single , `` Ca n't Stop the Feeling ! '' . Among numerous awards and accolades , Timberlake is the recipient of ten Grammy Awards , four Emmy Awards , three Brit Awards , and nine Billboard Music Awards . Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2007 and 2013 . His other ventures include record label Tennman Records , fashion label William Rast , and the restaurants Destino and Southern Hospitality .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b50a386b70792f61e0e92ac61281d001", "text": "The Justified World Tour The Justified World Tour ( also known as Lovin ' It Live and Justified World Tour and Lovin ' It Live ) was the debut concert tour by American singer-songwriter Justin Timberlake . The tour showcased material his debut studio album , Justified ( 2002 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "579f63a07bdfa1f180fc8cfec75ad601", "text": "American popular music American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world . The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture , including ragtime , blues , jazz , swing , rock , bluegrass , country , R&B , doo wop , gospel , soul , funk , heavy metal , punk , disco , house , techno , salsa , grunge and hip hop . In addition , the American music industry is quite diverse , supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco , klezmer and slack-key . Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century , and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music , using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music . These popular styles included country , R&B , jazz and rock . The 1960s and 1970s saw a number of important changes in American popular music , including the development of a number of new styles , such as heavy metal , punk , soul , and hip hop . Though these styles were not in the sense of mainstream , they were commercially recorded and are thus examples of popular music as opposed to folk or classical music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e38015099cd6932690fb25c19033d33", "text": "Sony/ATV Music Publishing Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC is an American music publishing company owned by Sony through Sony Entertainment . The company was founded as a division of Associated Television ( ATV ) in 1955 by Lew Grade . In 1985 , Michael Jackson acquired ATV Music Publishing for $ 47.5 million . Paul McCartney , who had told Jackson about the importance of owning publishing , admitted he felt somewhat undercut by the purchase , because ATV Music Publishing owned the publishing rights to most of The Beatles ' songs , although he did not enter the bidding when it came up for sale in 1984 . In December 1995 , Michael Jackson agreed to merge ATV Music Publishing with Sony Music Publishing , a division of Sony Corporation , to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing . In 2012 an investor consortium led by Sony/ATV Music Publishing acquired EMI Music Publishing for approximately $ 2.2 billion . Sony/ATV Music Publishing and EMI Music Publishing now operate as one company , with the former entity administering the catalogue of the latter under a complex business structure . Following the acquisition , the company became the largest music publisher in the world , with a library of over two million songs under its administration . On March 14 , 2016 , Sony announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the Jackson estate 's stake in the company . The deal was completed on September 30 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b16532190c25b7e47f91ba21a5eb1a7b", "text": "Juicy J production discography The following list is a discography of production by Juicy J , an American hip hop record producer and recording artist from Memphis , Tennessee . It includes a list of songs produced , co-produced and remixed by year , artist , album and title . Juicy J often produces music alongside his Three Six Mafia cohort DJ Paul .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7ceda3cd809cbcccdc56ce11ffae126", "text": "Block Starz Music Block Starz Music is an American independent record label owned and operated by award-nominated writer , record executive , and film producer Bayer Mack . Its catalog includes independent releases by Machine Gun Kelly , Lega-C , Wiz Khalifa , Lisa `` Left Eye '' Lopes , Big Sean , Rhymefest and Ceddy Bu Rap Sumo . The label also includes its subsidiaries such as the independent film and television production company Block Starz Music Television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "581c7692c91eb53cb37905c6dee94ea5", "text": "Word Records Word Records is a Christian faith-based entertainment company based in Nashville , Tennessee . It is owned by Curb Records and is a part of Word Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8c94cd36dc086f0d708fa76209ca90f", "text": "Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Classical The Grammy Award for Producer of the Year , Classical is an honor presented to record producers for quality classical music productions at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' . Originally known as the Grammy Award for Classical Producer of the Year , the award was first presented to James Mallinson at the 22nd Grammy Awards ( 1980 ) . The name remained unchanged until 1998 , when the category became known as Producer of the Year , Classical . According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award is presented to album producers `` whose recordings , released for the first time during the eligibility year , represent consistently outstanding creativity in the production of classical recordings '' . Producers must have produced at least 51 % playing time on three separately released recordings ( only one of which can be an opera released in DVD format ) . Producers may submit content as a team only if they worked together exclusively during the period of eligibility . Anthony Tommasini , music critic for The New York Times , asserted that `` In the struggling field of classical recording , it 's the producers who take the real risks and make things happen . '' The honor is presented alongside the award for Producer of the Year , Non-Classical . As of 2015 , Steven Epstein and Robert Woods share the record of the most wins , with seven each . Judith Sherman has won the award four times , while David Frost and James Mallinson have been presented the award three times each . Two-time recipients include Joanna Nickrenz ( once alongside Marc Aubort ) . Woods ' wife , Elaine Martone , received the honor in 2007 . David Frost is the son of Thomas Frost , who received an award in the same category in 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b3907e0f439d47ffba9e9459590723d", "text": "Unsigned artist An unsigned artist , unsigned band or independent artist is a musician or musical group not under a contract with a record label . The terms are used in the music industry as a marketing technique . Bands that release their own material on self-published CDs can also be considered unsigned bands . Often unsigned bands primarily exist to perform at concerts . In more recent years , the Internet has helped promote the music of unsigned bands . Artists often post their music as MP3s on websites such as Bandcamp , SoundCloud , Myspace , PureVolume , GarageBand.com and SoundClick . In 2016 , the Unsigned Music Awards was established in the UK as the first ever televised international awards ceremony to champion artists without the backing of a record label . UK unsigned bands and musicians are able to use such services as The Unsigned Guide and to gather music industry contact names , phone numbers , websites and social media links , as well as information on how to get signed or market music independently . Song pitching websites , such as TAXI allow unsigned musicians to see which record labels ( and other music companies ) are currently seeking new music . Further , companies like Sentric Music and the royalty payment service offered by Last.fm can help in generating income streams for unsigned bands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fb21053f5fa92b8e857dd5124690656", "text": "Count Justice Justin Booth `` Count Justice '' Johnson is from Los Angeles , California . He is a songwriter , producer and engineer who has most notably produced songs for Chris Brown ( `` New Flame '' ) , Alesha Dixon ( `` Top Of The World '' ) , Sevyn Streeter ( `` Shoulda Been There '' ) , Nappy Roots ( `` Small Town '' ) and Lil Mama ( `` Stand Up '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07d57b76ffec2767b08d674d52a38372", "text": "Justin Chart Justin Chart ( born February 6 , 1960 ) is a Los Angeles based singer-songwriter and producer . Chart is known for his song , `` Los Angeles The Song '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a1b5cd3e318c205dd68c28fa2e12220", "text": "Rock City Club Rock City Club was created by Jack Wishna , Ofek Hayon , Brian Silver , music promoter Don Kirshner , and Michael Jackson The management team , partners , and investors attracted to the business include Internet entrepreneurs and music industry executives . One of the original creators of MTV and co-founder of Internet service provider NetZero are listed among the company 's board . It was described by the company as `` the music industry 's first Social Music Network '' . Some of the biggest music producers in the world , with 162 Grammy Awards to their names , participate in Rock City Club . The Rockcityclub.com `` Producers ' Circle '' includes Phil Ramone and Ron Dante and the people behind acts such as Lady Gaga , Madonna , Jay-Z , Michael Jackson , and Amy Winehouse . In 2012 , Rock City Club partnered with Slacker online music service to create what it described as the world 's first internet music channel devoted exclusively to giving undiscovered artists and bands the chance to have their music heard by millions of potential fans . The channel was headed by Ron Dante and includes the production expertise of people like Phil Ramone , Kerry Gordy ( son of Motown legend Berry Gordy ) , and Lamont Dozier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab0e10e9a9df939953debd915530fd1b", "text": "Netlabels in Japan Since the mid-2000s , a counterculture has taken place where numerous netlabels , online labels that release their music for free , located in Japan have been formed and garnered a huge amount of publicity which , according to writer Patrick St. Michel , has shaped how popular Japanese music is produced . Japan 's netlabel phenomenon was the first time in the history of the nation 's music industry where underground musicians could produce their works however they wanted to and have their music noticed by the public ; this is an aspect that was previously absent at a time when major labels in the country followed a conservative method where they managed how artists would produce their music . Starting in the 2010s , the netlabel scene has crossed over to the mainstream music landscape and all across the world , with netlabel producers transitioning into working for bigger labels and western producers like Cashmere Cat and Ryan Hemsworth being influenced by the music of Japanese netlabels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b248b5347fbb3e95e14c3a8d16a36e0", "text": "Damien Starkey Damien Joel Starkey ( born October 20 , 1982 ) is an American producer , songwriter , composer , and multi-instrumentalist . He has played many roles in several bands , served as a vocalist for Society Red and Burn Season , bassist for Puddle of Mudd , and he also owns a company called Give 2 Get Music Group in which he is a music supervisor and composer for TV and film music . Damien has scored and wrote music for several TV shows and movies including American Reunion , Nitro Circus Movie , Freeheld , Pawn Stars , Bar Rescue , and Undercover Boss . As a producer he has written for and produced many notable artists including platinum selling bands Saliva , Daughtry and Avril Lavigne . Damien also is a managing partner in the music technology company Songlinkr .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28a1ee6ca829a565e1c8a2b3e3292809", "text": "Michael Knox (record producer) Michael Knox ( born in Macon , GA ) is an American record producer . Knox is best known for discovering Jason Aldean and producing all of his albums . He also helped Crossin Dixon sign to Broken Bow Records , the same label to which Aldean is signed , after a friend of his saw the band perform . Other artists whom he has produced include Montgomery Gentry and Trace Adkins . Before working as a producer , Knox was an executive at Warner/Chappell Music . His first production credit was Danni Leigh 's 29 Nights . Knox worked as a song plugger . In 2011 , Knox won Album of the Year from the Country Music Association for his production on My Kinda Party . In 2012 , he won two Academy of Country Music awards for Aldean and Kelly Clarkson 's `` Do n't You Wan na Stay '' . He also won the Academy of Country Music award for Vocal Event in 2013 for producing `` The Only Way I Know '' with Aldean , Luke Bryan and Eric Church .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a8003bf2a50b72ad3f3b7c36a268911", "text": "Now That's What I Call Music! 49 (U.S. series) Now That 's What I Call Music ! 49 , released on February 4 , 2014 , is the 49th edition of the Now ! series in the United States . The album features three Billboard Hot 100 number-one hits : `` Timber '' , `` Royals '' , and `` Wrecking Ball '' . Now ! 49 debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 albums chart with sales of 98,000 copies in its first week of release . As of June 2014 , 482,000 copies of the compilation had been sold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66beaa429c8888f36e7a01fd082d9896", "text": "My Worlds Acoustic My Worlds Acoustic is the first remix album by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber . It was released on November 26 , 2010 and was initially sold exclusively at Walmart retail stores and Sam 's Club . The album features nine acoustic versions of songs from his debut extended play , My World , and first album My World 2.0 , as well as a new song `` Pray . '' The new versions of the songs were produced by Bieber 's music director , Dan Kanter , his vocal producer Kuk Harrell , and also producer Rob Wells . Internationally , the set is included as a part of the compilation album , My Worlds : The Collection , which included songs from the previous two releases . My Worlds Acoustic was released to iTunes , on February 8 , 2011 . According to Bieber , he wanted to release the album for the naysayers who critiqued his actual singing ability . The singer said that he wanted to have an acoustic album , to reflect the effect of production on his vocals . Although labeled as an acoustic album , the songs still include subtle usages of electronic sounds such as synthesizers . The album received generally favorable reviews from critics , however most critics were not satisfied that the album was not genuinely acoustic . In Canada , the song debuted at number five , and later peaked at number four on the Canadian Albums Chart and certified Platinum by the Canadian Recording Industry Association . My Worlds Acoustic debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 , selling 115,000 copies in its first week , becoming Bieber 's third consecutive top ten album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ddd66c54bf52efed14d06b04669a9c8", "text": "Stargate (music producers) Stargate is a Norwegian record producing and songwriting team , composed of Tor Erik Hermansen ( born 14 October 1972 ) and Mikkel Storleer Eriksen ( born 10 December 1972 ) , based in New York City . The team 's genres include R&B , pop , dance-pop , Europop and hip hop . Stargate was established in Trondheim , Norway . Stargate broke into the American recording industry in 2006 , with the release of the Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 single , `` So Sick '' , produced and co-written by the team and performed by Ne-Yo . They also produced and co-wrote Beyoncé 's worldwide hit single `` Irreplaceable '' , which topped the Billboard Hot 100 for 10 consecutive weeks . Throughout their career they have been noted for their extensive work with Rihanna , writing and producing four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 singles with the Barbadian singer in 2010 and 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edec76870b999dbecd20d48f92e2af31", "text": "Legal issues surrounding music sampling Music sampling is the subject of many legal disputes , chiefly in the realm of copyright law as it applies to musical compositions and sound recordings . Early sampling artists simply used portions of other artists ' recordings without permission , but once music incorporating samples began to make significant money , some sampled artists , publishers , and record companies began to take legal action , claiming copyright infringement . Sometimes , after the threat or initiation of a lawsuit , such disputes are settled out of court , often with the sampling artist obtaining a license at considerable cost and making other concessions to appease the aggrieved party ; other times , the sampling artist contests the infringement claims , such as by arguing in court that the copyright law does not cover their particular use of the work . The outcome of these court cases , primarily in the United States and the United Kingdom , have shaped common law , defining ways statutory law -- which does not directly cover sampling -- can be applied to sampling disputes . In accordance to the United States constitution , the laws of copyright permit a number of rights to authors so that they may `` Promote the Progress of Science and Useful Arts . '' This principle brings to light the true reason for copyright law - to develop boundaries economically and legally where learning , science , and culture can progress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbee068683584098a122f9c0fac4f4ce", "text": "So Hot Productions So Hot Productions is a music production company located in St. Louis , Mo. , currently consisting of artist/producer J.R. but employed former producer/recording engineer NAB . It is rumoured that a third producer is also joining the crew . Their style is versatile , ranging from chopped and screwed dirty south beats to symphonic slow jams , but most of their music has a distinct midwest feel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3228ac6ef2f2001cce57a88a5b839db", "text": "Universal Music Publishing Group Universal Music Publishing Group ( UMPG ) is a North American music publishing company and is part of the Universal Music Group , a subsidiary of Vivendi Group . It was formerly known as MCA Music Publishing until its mother company Seagram was dismantled . Universal Music Publishing is the world 's second largest music publishing company , behind Sony/ATV Music Publishing .", "title": "" } ]	fever
677f35898fe1228fbdab3e1a92426d1d	Buddy Holly was a member of The Beatles.	[ { "docid": "456b74c2451cb2aceb4236668ca3923b", "text": "Buddy Holly Buddy Holly ( born Charles Hardin Holley ; September 7 , 1936 -- February 3 , 1959 ) was an American musician and singer-songwriter who was a central figure of mid-1950s rock and roll . Holley was born in Lubbock , Texas , to a musical family during the Great Depression ; he learned to play guitar and to sing alongside his siblings . His style was influenced by gospel music , country music , and rhythm and blues acts , and he performed in Lubbock with his friends from high school . He made his first appearance on local television in 1952 , and the following year he formed the group `` Buddy and Bob '' with his friend Bob Montgomery . In 1955 , after opening for Elvis Presley , Holly decided to pursue a career in music . He opened for Presley three times that year ; his band 's style shifted from country and western to entirely rock and roll . In October that year , when he opened for Bill Haley & His Comets , Holly was spotted by Nashville scout Eddie Crandall , who helped him get a contract with Decca Records . Holly 's recording sessions at Decca were produced by Owen Bradley . Unhappy with Bradley 's control in the studio and with the sound he achieved there , Holly went to producer Norman Petty in Clovis , New Mexico , and recorded a demo of `` That 'll Be the Day '' , among other songs . Petty became the band 's manager and sent the demo to Brunswick Records , which released it as a single credited to `` The Crickets '' , which became the name of Holly 's band . In September 1957 , as the band toured , `` That 'll Be the Day '' topped the US `` Best Sellers in Stores '' chart and the UK Singles Chart . Its success was followed in October by another major hit , `` Peggy Sue '' . The album Chirping Crickets , released in November 1957 , reached number five on the UK Albums Chart . Holly made his second appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show in January 1958 and soon after , toured Australia and then the UK . In early 1959 , Holly assembled a new band , consisting of future country music star Waylon Jennings ( bass ) , famed session musician Tommy Allsup ( guitar ) , and Carl Bunch ( drums ) , and embarked on a tour of the midwestern U.S. . After a show in Clear Lake , Iowa , Holly chartered an airplane to travel to his next show , in Moorhead , Minnesota . Soon after takeoff , the plane crashed , killing Holly , Ritchie Valens , The Big Bopper , and pilot Roger Peterson in a tragedy later referred to by Don McLean as `` The Day the Music Died '' . During his short career , Holly wrote , recorded , and produced his own material . He is often regarded as the artist who defined the traditional rock-and-roll lineup of two guitars , bass , and drums . Holly was a major influence on later popular music artists , including The Beatles , The Rolling Stones , Eric Clapton , and Elton John . He was among the first artists inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , in 1986 . Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 13 in its list of `` 100 Greatest Artists '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30dbfd84159a21f2996ff7a323d5dd3b", "text": "The Beatles The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960 . With members John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison and Ringo Starr , they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential act of the rock era . Rooted in skiffle , beat and 1950s rock and roll , the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles , ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock , often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways . In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as `` Beatlemania '' , and as the group 's music grew in sophistication in subsequent years , led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney , they came to be perceived as an embodiment of the ideals shared by the counterculture of the 1960s . The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960 , with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player . The core of Lennon , McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers , including Pete Best , before asking Starr to join them in 1962 . Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act , and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings , greatly expanding their popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit , `` Love Me Do '' , in late 1962 . They acquired the nickname `` the Fab Four '' as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year , and by early 1964 became international stars , leading the `` British Invasion '' of the United States pop market . From 1965 onwards , the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings , including the albums Rubber Soul ( 1965 ) , Revolver ( 1966 ) , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band ( 1967 ) , The Beatles ( commonly known as the White Album , 1968 ) and Abbey Road ( 1969 ) . After their break-up in 1970 , they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths . McCartney and Starr , the surviving members , remain musically active . Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980 , and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001 . The Beatles are the best-selling band in history , with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide . They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act . According to the RIAA , the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States , with 178 million certified units . In 2008 , the group topped Billboard magazine 's list of the all-time most successful `` Hot 100 '' artists ; , they hold the record for most number-one hits on the Hot 100 chart with twenty . They have received ten Grammy Awards , an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards . The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 , and all four were inducted individually from 1994 to 2015 . They were also collectively included in Time magazine 's compilation of the twentieth century 's 100 most influential people .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "35ea72822fcc112c787f47d5d37daaff", "text": "The Beatles (TV series) The Beatles is an American animated television series featuring representations of the popular English rock band of the same name . It ran from 1965 to 1969 on ABC in the U.S. ( only 1965 to 1967 was first run ; later transmissions were reruns ) . The series debuted on September 25 , 1965 and ended on September 7 , 1969 . A total of 39 episodes were produced . The series was shown on Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM EST until the 1967 third season when it was moved to 12:00 PM EST. . For the fourth season , which consisted of reruns , the series was shown at 9:30 AM EST on Sunday mornings . Each episode has a name of a Beatles song , so the story is based on its lyrics and it is also played at some time in the episode . The original series was rebroadcast in syndication by MTV in 1986 and 1987 and on the Disney Channel beginning in 1989 on Fridays at 5 PM . The series was a historical milestone as the first weekly television series to feature animated versions of real , living people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d837b8f1a48b8e3ca01f03485efad86", "text": "Eleanor Rigby `` Eleanor Rigby '' is a song by the Beatles , released on the 1966 album Revolver and as a 45 rpm single . It was written primarily by Paul McCartney , and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The song continued the transformation of the Beatles from a mainly rock and roll - and pop-oriented act to a more experimental , studio-based band . With a double string quartet arrangement by George Martin and striking lyrics about loneliness , `` Eleanor Rigby '' broke sharply with popular music conventions , both musically and lyrically . Richie Unterberger of Allmusic cites the band 's `` singing about the neglected concerns and fates of the elderly '' on the song as `` just one example of why the Beatles ' appeal reached so far beyond the traditional rock audience '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f15aa6b5988fd5bcb0062e5a765c828", "text": "Tell Me Why (Beatles song) `` Tell Me Why '' is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their album A Hard Day 's Night . In North America , it was released on both the American version of A Hard Day 's Night and the album Something New . Credited to Lennon -- McCartney , it was written by John Lennon in either Paris or New York City and recorded in eight takes on 27 February 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe9761c0b629832c4a69965e2acb6339", "text": "Blue Jay Way `` Blue Jay Way '' is a song recorded by the English rock band the Beatles . Written by George Harrison , it was released in 1967 on the group 's Magical Mystery Tour EP and album . The song was named after a street in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles where Harrison stayed in August 1967 , shortly before visiting the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco . The lyrics document Harrison 's wait for music publicist Derek Taylor to find his way to Blue Jay Way through the fog-ridden hills , while Harrison struggled to stay awake after the flight from London to Los Angeles . As with several of Harrison 's compositions from this period , `` Blue Jay Way '' incorporates aspects of Indian classical music , although the Beatles used only Western instrumentation on the track , including a drone-like Hammond organ part played by Harrison . Created during the group 's psychedelic period , the track makes extensive use of studio techniques such as flanging , Leslie rotary effect , and reversed tape sounds . The song appeared in the Beatles ' 1967 television film Magical Mystery Tour , in a sequence that visually re-creates the sense of haziness and dislocation evident on the recording . While some reviewers have dismissed the song as monotonous , many others have admired its yearning quality and dark musical mood . The website Consequence of Sound describes `` Blue Jay Way '' as `` a haunted house of a hit , adding an ethereal , creepy mythos to the City of Angels '' . Among its continued links with Los Angeles , the song was one of the first Beatles tracks that cult leader Charles Manson adopted as the foundation for his Helter Skelter theory of an American race-related countercultural revolution . Artists who have covered the song include Bud Shank , Colin Newman , Tracy Bonham , Siouxsie and the Banshees and Greg Hawkes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d274ce0861ebf8bce32fcb86260e0d37", "text": "Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act . With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born . By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88389568aaedbbbf849d07898c8f5d6f", "text": "Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road , recorded on 28 July 2005 , was a live concert given by Paul McCartney at Abbey Road Studios , specifically Studio 2 , where many of The Beatles ' recordings were made . Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road was meant as a promotion for McCartney 's album Chaos and Creation in the Backyard . As the audience was of close friends and selected fans , the concert was intimate in nature and was littered with monologues and song fragments . It was shown on BBC Two in the United Kingdom on 17 December 2005 , and on PBS in the United States on 27 February 2006 as part of the performing arts series Great Performances . McCartney plays left-handed and right-handed guitars , drums , harmonium , double bass , Mellotron , and even wine glasses in a reworking of the Wings song `` Band on the Run '' . He also reworks the Beatles ' track `` Lady Madonna '' , which he calls `` Old Lady in New Clothes '' , with a much slower tempo and a swung melody line . The bass McCartney uses on his performance of `` Heartbreak Hotel '' once belonged to Bill Black , Elvis Presley 's bass player who died in 1965 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9adc3047db64f21fbc474d88f38d53ba", "text": "The Buddy Deane Show The Buddy Deane Show was a teen dance television show , similar to Philadelphia 's American Bandstand , that was created by Zvi Shoubin and aired on WJZ-TV in Baltimore , Maryland from 1957 until 1964 . The show was taken off the air because home station WJZ-TV was unable to integrate black and white dancers . Its host was Winston `` Buddy '' Deane ( 1924-2003 ) , who died in Pine Bluff , Arkansas after suffering a stroke , July 16 , 2003 . He was 78 . Winston `` Buddy '' Deane was a broadcaster for more than 50 years , beginning his career in Little Rock , Arkansas , then moving to the Memphis , Tennessee market before moving on to Baltimore where he worked at WITH radio . He was one of the first disc jockeys in the area to regularly feature rock-and-roll . His dance party television show debuted in 1957 and was , for a time , the most popular local show in the United States . It aired for two and a half hours a day , six days a week . Hundreds of thousands of teens learned the latest dances of their day by watching Committee Members on The Buddy Deane Show . Teenagers who appeared on the show every day were known as the `` Committee . '' Committee members included Mike Miller , Charlie Bledsoe , Ron Osher , Mary Lou Raines , Pat ( ricia ) Tacey , and Cathy Schmink . Viewers often emulated the Committee members ' dance moves , copied their personal style , and followed their life stories and interactions . Buddy Deane organized and disc-jockeyed dances in public venues across the WJZ-TV broadcast area , across much of Maryland and Southern Delaware . At such events , tens of thousands of teenagers were exposed to live recording artists and TV personalities . Many top acts of the day , both black and white , appeared on the show . Acts that appeared on The Buddy Deane Show first were reportedly barred from appearing on Dick Clark 's American Bandstand . If they were on Bandstand first , however , they could still be on The Buddy Deane Show . Although WJZ-TV , owned by Westinghouse Broadcasting ( now CBS ) , was an ABC affiliate , the station `` blacked out '' the network broadcast of American Bandstand in Baltimore and broadcast the Deane program instead , reportedly because Bandstand showed black teenagers dancing on the show ( although black and white teenagers were not allowed to dance together until the show was moved to California in 1964 ) . The Deane program set aside every other Friday when the show featured only black teenagers ( the rest of the time , the show 's participants were all white ) . Owing to Buddy 's mid-South roots and work history , he brought onto his show many performers from the ranks of Country and Western music ( e.g. , Skeeter Davis , singing `` The End of the World '' and Brenda Lee singing `` Sweet Nothin 's '' ) , who then achieved cross-over hits among rock 'n' roll fans . Buddy Deane also played songs that other disc-jockeys , often including Dick Clark , refused to present to mostly white teen TV audiences , because the acts sounded `` too Black '' ( e.g. , `` Do You Love Me , '' by the Contours , or `` Hide and Seek , '' by Bunker Hill ) . With an ear for music , seasoned by many more prior years as a disk jockey than Dick Clark , Buddy also brought to his audience a wider array of white musical acts than were seen on `` American Bandstand . '' For example , Carole King appeared on the show , nearly a decade before she burst to popularity with her landmark 1970 album , `` Tapestry , '' playing her 45RPM single `` It Might as Well Rain Until September . '' ( For another example , Dean featured English artist , Helen Shapiro , singing her Baltimore hit , `` Tell Me What He Said , '' at about the time that the Beatles were on tour around England , playing on the same show bill with her . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "288abe0f4d83506e28f0f2149949d3e3", "text": "Holly (name) Holly is an English-language surname and given name . Holly is a special name and known as an English or Irish surname ( variant Holley ) it is either locational , ultimately derived an Old English hol lēah '' -LSB- dwelling by -RSB- the clearing by the hollow '' , or descriptive , from hol-ēage `` hollow-eyed '' . In Ireland , it was also used as a translation of the name Mac Cuilinn , which is derived from cuileann , the Gaelic name of the holly tree , and by extension sometimes of the similar-sounding McQuillan surname of Ulster . The masculine names Holly , Hollie were derived from the surname , but have mostly fallen out of use since the mid 20th century due to the rise in popularity of the feminine name . Hollis is an English surname derived from a Middle English holis '' -LSB- dwelling by -RSB- holly trees '' ; it was also used as a masculine given name . Holly ( variant Hollie ) was first used as a feminine given name in the 20th century , as a `` botanical '' name given to girls , in reference to , or at least secondarily associated with , the holly tree . While the feminine name is on record in the United States since the 1930s , its surge in popularity was due to Holly Golightly , the socialite protagonist in Truman Capote 's Breakfast at Tiffany 's ( 1958 ) , which was made into a film starring Audrey Hepburn in 1961 . The name of this character is stated to be short for Holiday ( rather than a reference to the plant ) . The name peaked in popularity in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s , and has declined since , ranking at # 380 in the United States as of 2009 . It was popularly given in England and Wales during the 2000s , staying in the top 30 girls ' names throughout 1996 -- 2012 , with a peak at rank # 12 in 2002 ( and dropping to rank # 33 as of 2013 ) . A tendency to give the name to girls born on or near Christmas has also been observed . More recent eccentric spellings of the feminine name include Holli ( 1970s ) , Holleigh , Hollee , Hollye .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ca01053d3f9cad2671b895cee50e328", "text": "The Beatles' 1965 UK tour The Beatles ' 1965 tour of the United Kingdom was a concert tour that took place between 3 and 12 December 1965 , comprising 18 shows at nine venues across England , Scotland and Wales . It coincided with the release of the Beatles ' studio album Rubber Soul and their double A-side single `` Day Tripper '' / `` We Can Work It Out '' , and was the final UK tour undertaken by the band . Weary of Beatlemania , the group conceded to do the tour but refused to also perform a season of Christmas concerts as they had done over the 1963 -- 64 and 1964 -- 65 holiday seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e16dd9e328caac5038fbfc4f8a2d650e", "text": "In The Hollies Style In The Hollies Style is the second studio album by British beat group The Hollies , released on the Parlophone label in November 1964 . The album was later released in Canada by Capitol Records on 4 October 1965 with a different track listing . As a result of poor sales of stereo copies of the band 's debut album in the UK , In the Hollies Style was only available there in mono while stereo mixes were shipped to other markets . The stereo mix was finally released in the UK and retitled The Vintage Hollies '' in 1967 . In 1997 , British EMI put both mono and stereo versions of this album onto a single CD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0560c9f4a72200237cdb2549d36aad2a", "text": "The London Rock and Roll Show The London Rock and Roll Show was a concert held at Wembley Stadium in Wembley Park , London , England , on 5 August 1972 . It is often said to have been the first ever concert held at the stadium , but in fact the band Yes had performed in the Stadium on 13 July 1969 . From the late 1960s to the early 1970s , many rock and roll performers from the 1950s experienced major career revivals due to a temporary upswing of interest in their form of music . The Revival was marked by a series of major concerts in the United States , and also spread to Europe where events such as the Wembley concert attracted thousands of fans who came out to see the performers behind the music . The concert included performances by major stars including Bo Diddley , Jerry Lee Lewis , Little Richard , and Bill Haley and His Comets . The concert ended with an extended performance by Chuck Berry , who at the time was enjoying major chart success in Britain and the US with his `` My Ding-a-Ling '' . Originally billed rock and roll era acts The Platters , The Drifters and The Coasters were unable to perform due to work permit issues . The show was opened instead with sets from British rock and rollers The Houseshakers , Joe Brown , Emile Ford & the Checkmates , Screaming Lord Sutch , Heinz ( with Wilko Johnson on guitar ) and Billy Fury ; as well as songs from Jerry Lee Lewis 's sister Linda Gail Lewis . Roy Wood 's new band Wizzard , only formed a few weeks previously , also made their live debut at the show . Garage rockers MC5 were not over-popular with the crowd . Little Richard also got booed when he stopped singing rock and roll and jumped on top of his piano . As did a very new Gary Glitter , with The Glitter Band . Mick Jagger attended the concert , but did not perform . Future Sex Pistols manager Malcolm McLaren can be seen selling T-shirts from a stall in the film . The concert was filmed and released in 1973 as The London Rock and Roll Show , directed by Peter Clifton . Although no soundtrack release occurred at the time the film was made , one was finally issued in the early 2000s ( decade ) , followed by several different releases with different combinations of performances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a82966a00a6f17d606b35dc5ebe2e73", "text": "Beatles and Rolling Stones rivalry", "title": "" }, { "docid": "999677de8cee7065b32598806022f793", "text": "Bad to Me `` Bad to Me '' is a song credited to Lennon -- McCartney . In late interviews , John Lennon said that he wrote it for Billy J. Kramer with The Dakotas while on holiday in Spain . However , in a 1964 interview he said that he and Paul McCartney wrote it in the back of a van , so Paul contributed to it . Billy J. Kramer with The Dakotas released their recording of the song in 1963 and it became their first number 1 in the UK Singles Chart . Paul McCartney was present during the recording session at Abbey Road Studios . The single would be released in the US the following year , and become a top-ten hit there , reaching number 9 . It became one of the first occasions a Lennon -- McCartney composition made the US Top 40 recorded by an artist other than the Beatles ( the first being `` A World Without Love '' by Peter & Gordon ; another being `` Goodbye '' by Mary Hopkin ) . Bootlegs exist of Lennon 's original demo of the song , which was recorded on 31 May 1963 . An acoustic demo from the same era was released on iTunes in December 2013 on the album The Beatles Bootleg Recordings 1963 . Terry Black released a version of the song on his 1965 debut album , Only 16 . Graham Parker recorded a version of the song for the 2003 album Lost Songs of Lennon & McCartney , new versions of 17 Lennon -- McCartney songs that were originally released by other artists . Leif Garrett also recorded a version of the song for his self-titled debut album . Finnish rock band Hurriganes covered this song in their third album , Crazy Days . Recordings of `` Bad to Me '' as the Beatles may have performed it are available on the 1989 album by Bas Muys entitled Secret Songs : Lennon & McCartney and on the 1998 release It 's Four You by the Australian tribute band The Beatnix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33dacfc1e536b51c4cca24199c2993e", "text": "A Hard Day's Night (film) A Hard Day 's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles -- John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr -- during the height of Beatlemania . It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists . The film portrays several days in the lives of the group . The film was a financial and critical success . Time magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films . British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a `` comic fantasia with music ; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book '' and awarded it a full four stars . The film is credited as being one of the most influential of all musical films , inspiring numerous spy films , the Monkees ' television show and pop music videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e40385d7979fe2224a8b24d83f2ecc9", "text": "All for the Beatles `` All for the Beatles '' is a song written and released in 1964 by Harry Nilsson and John Marascalco . It was released as a single with the alternative title `` Stand Up and Holler '' under Nilsson 's pseudonym Foto-Fi Four and was packaged with a synchronized standard 8 mm film of The Beatles first arriving in the United States in 1964 . The rhythm of `` All for the Beatles '' is similar to that of `` Not Fade Away '' , a Buddy Holly cover by The Rolling Stones , which was also based on Bo Diddley 's song `` Bo Diddley '' . The song , which preempted the later friendship and collaboration of Nilsson with The Beatles , was not a commercial success , but the single became a sought-after collectible . A cover version was later released as `` All for the Beatles ( Stand Up and Holler ) '' by The Originals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc537674f91ab1f4ccea2d59ac584b65", "text": "Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film . The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist . Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road . In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto . A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts . When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 . List of albums performed : The Beatles ' catalogue Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin IV Houses of the Holy Physical Graffiti In Through the Out Door Meddle The Dark Side of the Moon Animals Wish You Were Here The Wall A Night at the Opera Who 's Next Are You Experienced Boston Crime of the Century Breakfast in America The Last Waltz Rust Never Sleeps Harvest The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars OK Computer Ten Nevermind Regatta de Blanc Outlandos d'Amour The Joshua Tree London Calling Band on the Run Texas Flood Let It Bleed Sticky Fingers Some Girls Exile on Main St. Appetite for Destruction Highway to Hell Back in Black Born to Run Hotel California Rumours The Doors L.A. Woman Legend Pearl Paranoid Van Halen Thriller Purple Rain Nothing 's Shocking Woodstock 2112 Saturday Night Fever A Very Lennon Christmas Elton John Greatest Hits", "title": "" }, { "docid": "932317a1da6be2be45cd187e34a38bc7", "text": "The Aerovons The Aerovons were an American psychedelic rock music group . They were formed in 1966 in St Louis , Missouri by Tom Hartman . A 1967 demo record was heard by a representative of Capitol Records . In spite of an offer to record in Los Angeles , the group held out hope that they could record in London , the recording home of their heroes , The Beatles . In 1968 they travelled to London twice , receiving offers from both EMI and Decca . In 1969 , the band returned to London and recorded an album at Abbey Road studio . Guitarist Bob Frank , a longtime member of the group , left the group just before they went to London to record , due to personal issues . Despite blogs and rumors to the contrary , Bob was never `` let go '' and was always missed , according to leader Tom Hartman . Only once in England did the band realize that his replacement , Phil Edholm , and the group had differences that proved insurmountable . He left shortly after they began recording . Once the album was finished , the band returned to St. Louis where more personal problems between a group member and his family caused the group to splinter . EMI decided not to release the album . EMI invited Tom Hartman to come to England and reload , so to speak , but Hartman felt moving to England was too great a step at his age , and the partnership with EMI was dissolved . The album was not released until a CD release in 2003 by RPM .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b0b1041bcb60cf3075268aecfab44ce", "text": "Hey Jude `` Hey Jude '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The ballad evolved from `` Hey Jules '' , a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon 's son , Julian , during his parents ' divorce . `` Hey Jude '' begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney 's vocal performance and piano accompaniment ; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses . After the fourth verse , the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes . `` Hey Jude '' was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles ' record label Apple Records . More than seven minutes in length , it was at the time the longest single ever to top the British charts . It also spent nine weeks at number one in the United States , the longest for any Beatles single . `` Hey Jude '' tied the `` all-time '' record , at the time , for the longest run at the top of the US charts . The single has sold approximately eight million copies and is frequently included on professional critics ' lists of the greatest songs of all time . In 2013 , Billboard named it the 10th biggest song of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce3bd54251d72e62f130c777e6981136", "text": "Hear Me Lord `` Hear Me Lord '' is a song by English musician George Harrison , released on his 1970 triple album All Things Must Pass . It appeared as the last track on side four of the original LP format and is generally viewed as the closing song on the album , disc three being the largely instrumental Apple Jam . Harrison wrote `` Hear Me Lord '' in January 1969 while still in the Beatles , but it was passed over for inclusion on what became the band 's final album , Let It Be ( 1970 ) . Musically , the song is in the gospel-rock style , while the lyrics take the form of a personal prayer , in which Harrison seeks help and forgiveness from his deity . Along with `` My Sweet Lord '' , it is among the most overtly religious selections on All Things Must Pass . The recording was co-produced by Phil Spector and features musical contributions from Eric Clapton , Gary Wright , Billy Preston , Bobby Whitlock and other musicians from Delaney & Bonnie 's Friends band . On release , Ben Gerson of Rolling Stone described `` Hear Me Lord '' as the album 's `` big statement '' and a `` majestic plea '' . Harrison performed the song at the Concert for Bangladesh on 1 August 1971 , during the afternoon show only , although the recording has never been issued officially .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec161bf04064418f9826036eb0894328", "text": "Everyday (Buddy Holly song) `` Everyday '' is a song written by Buddy Holly and Norman Petty , recorded by Buddy Holly and the Crickets on May 29 , 1957 , and released on September 20 , 1957 , as the B-side of `` Peggy Sue '' . On the original single the Crickets are not mentioned , but it is known that Holly plays acoustic guitar ; drummer Jerry Allison slaps his knees for percussion ; Joe B. Mauldin plays a standup acoustic bass ; and producer Norman Petty plays the celesta aka celeste ( a keyboard instrument with a glockenspiel-like tone , used in such classical pieces as `` Dance of the Sugarplum Fairy '' from The Nutcracker ) . The song is an economical 2 minutes and 5 seconds long . It is ranked number 238 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the `` 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
73ce0e5dab3f393fb198fc5d945eb07e	From the Earth to the Moon was created in 1998.	[ { "docid": "cec77afd25a22dee148788a53a1af9a6", "text": "From the Earth to the Moon (miniseries) From the Earth to the Moon is a twelve-part HBO television miniseries ( 1998 ) co-produced by Ron Howard , Brian Grazer , Tom Hanks , and Michael Bostick , telling the story of the landmark Apollo expeditions to the Moon during the 1960s and early 1970s in docudrama format . Largely based on Andrew Chaikin 's book , A Man on the Moon , the series is known for its accurate telling of the story of Apollo and the outstanding special effects under visual director Ernest D. Farino . The series takes its title from , but is not based upon , the famous Jules Verne science fiction novel From the Earth to the Moon . Hanks appears in every episode , introducing each of the first eleven . The last episode is represented in a pseudo-documentary format narrated by Blythe Danner , interspersed with a reenactment of the making of Georges Méliès ' film Le Voyage dans la Lune . Hanks narrates and appears in these scenes as Méliès ' assistant .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "9c7863a89f4b92a637a627db3a7d7f12", "text": "TIMED The TIMED ( Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics ) is an orbiter mission dedicated to study the dynamics of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere ( MLT ) portion of the Earth 's atmosphere . The mission was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California on December 7 , 2001 aboard a Delta II rocket launch vehicle . The project is sponsored and managed by NASA , while the spacecraft was designed and assembled by the Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University . The mission has been extended several times , and has now collected data over an entire solar cycle , which helps in its goal to differentiate the Sun 's effects on the atmosphere from other effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f41a6cec82038573bfe633f3b874d21", "text": "Pole to Pole Pole to Pole is an eight-part television documentary travel series made for the BBC , and first broadcast on BBC1 in 1992 . The presenter is Michael Palin , this being the second of Palin 's major journeys for the BBC . The first was Around the World in 80 Days , a 7-part series first broadcast on BBC One in 1989 , and the third was Full Circle with Michael Palin , a 10-part series first broadcast on BBC One in 1997 . The trip from the North Pole to the South Pole went via Scandinavia , the Soviet Union , parts of Europe , and through the heart of Africa . The intention was to follow the 30 degree east line of longitude , which would cover the most land . A last-minute diversion to Chile included South America in the series . Using aircraft as little as possible , the whole trip lasted 5 1/2 months . The programme has been sold to many television stations around the world . It was also released on video tape and later on DVD . Following the trip Michael Palin wrote Pole to Pole describing the trip . This book contains much more detail than could be presented in the TV programme , and Palin 's personal views are also more clearly evident . The book contains many pictures from the trip , almost all taken by Basil Pao , the stills photographer on the team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee2be233514013248fb056c0b8c60acc", "text": "Surveyor program The Surveyor program was a NASA program that , from June 1966 through January 1968 , sent seven robotic spacecraft to the surface of the Moon . Its primary goal was to demonstrate the feasibility of soft landings on the Moon . The Surveyor craft were the first American spacecraft to achieve soft landing on an extraterrestral body . The missions called for the craft to travel directly to the Moon on an impact trajectory , a journey that lasted 63 to 65 hours , and ended with a deceleration of just over three minutes to a soft landing . The program was implemented by NASA 's Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) to prepare for the Apollo program . JPL selected Hughes Aircraft to develop the spacecraft system . The total cost of the Surveyor program was officially $ 469 million . Five of the Surveyor craft successfully soft-landed on the moon , including the first one . The other two failed : Surveyor 2 crashed at high velocity after a failed mid-course correction , and Surveyor 4 was lost to contact ( possibly exploding ) 2.5 minutes before its scheduled touch-down . All seven spacecraft are still on the Moon ; none of the missions included returning them to Earth . Some parts of Surveyor 3 were returned to Earth by the crew of Apollo 12 , which landed near it in 1969 . The camera from this craft is on display at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington , DC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "130f4a1152fc4a9ba68488124d16fcfb", "text": "1998 Webby Awards The 1998 Webby Awards were held on March 6 , 1998 , at the San Francisco Palace of Fine Arts , and were the first event ever to be broadcast live via the Web in 3D . The `` People 's Voice '' awards , chosen by online poll , received 100,000 cumulative votes that year . The Web magazine , which was hosting the awards , was closed down by its parent company IDG shortly before the awards , and the ceremony continued thereafter under the management of Tiffany Shlain , who IDG had hired in 1996 to coordinate the awards . The International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences was constituted that year as the judging panel for the awards , continues to do so as of the 2007 awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6251018bd6faa8506f829d3492c64384", "text": "99 (song) `` 99 '' is a song by the American rock band Toto . The song appeared on the Hydra album in 1979 . When released as a single , it reached number 26 on the Billboard charts . The song was written as a tribute to George Lucas ' film THX 1138 and the music video resembles a scene in the movie . In the video , as in the movie scene where the main character ( named `` THX-1138 '' ) is imprisoned , the room is completely white and everyone is wearing a white jumpsuit . Toto Legend , the former official International Toto Fan Club newsletter , reviewed the video : ' 99 ' was predominantly a performance video , though the set design was rather conceptual . Following David Paich 's intention regarding the lyrics , about a sterile society in which names are forgotten and love forbidden , the set was sterile white , with various sized sculptured 99 's hanging and standing about , and the band was clad in futuristic white jumpsuits . There were some notable shots in this one -- keyboard close-ups and an artistic view of Jeff through a transparent drum head , a technique that several popular videos have copied since . Guitarist Steve Lukather has since admitted that despite the song 's popularity , it 's one of his least favorite compositions , and has even said he `` downright hated it . '' He called the lyrics `` obtuse . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4126d163539388440ef95c2041a18dd8", "text": "Moon Kyungwon Moon Kyungwon ( ; born 1969 ) is a Seoul-based artist who received her Masters of Fine Arts from the California Institute of the Arts ( CalArts ) and Ph.D in Visual Communication from Yonsei University , South Korea . Moon held her solo exhibition at the Fukuoka Asian Art Museum in 2004 . Her recent exhibitions include Poiesis of Collective Intelligence at Yamaguchi Center Arts and Media in 2013 and A Different Similarity at BOCUM Museum , Germany in 2010 . In 2012 , Moon and a fellow artist , Jeon Joonho , participated in Documenta ( 13 ) in Kassel , Germany and collectively received the 2012 Noon Award Grand Prize and 2012 Korea Artist Prize at Gwangju Biennale . In 2013 , the two artists put on a large-scale exhibition called News from Nowhere at the Sullivan Galleries inside the School of the Art Institute of Chicago ( SAIC ) . Curated by Sook-Kyung Lee from Tate Modern , Moon Kyungwon and Jeon Joonho were selected to showcase their collaborative video installation , The Ways of Folding Space and Flying at the Korean Pavilion for 2015 Venice Biennale . Moon currently works and resides in Seoul , South Korea and teaches at the College of Art and Design , Ewha Womans University", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9aac62da30e3765625f2a7fe58c55f1", "text": "Gone to Earth (Barclay James Harvest album) Gone to Earth is an album by the English rock group Barclay James Harvest released in 1977 . It reached # 30 in the UK charts , but in Germany it peaked at # 10 and stayed for 197 weeks in the German album charts . As of 2011 it is ranked # 6 on the list of longest running albums in the German album charts . Only the My Fair Lady soundtrack and albums by Simon & Garfunkel ( Greatest Hits ) , The Beatles ( 1962 -- 1966 ) , Pink Floyd ( Wish You Were Here ) and Andrea Berg ( Best Of ) spent more weeks in the charts . It was the band 's largest selling album , eventually selling more than a million copies worldwide . Hymn ( often misinterpreted as Christmas song but actually a song against the dangers of drug use and dedicated to musicians like Jimi Hendrix , Paul Kossoff and Janis Joplin ) was a successful turntable hit at German radio stations in the late 1970s . `` Poor Man 's Moody Blues '' was written after a journalist angered the band by referring to Barclay James Harvest as a `` poor man 's Moody Blues '' . Shortly after , guitarist John Lees wrote a song that reminded him of the Moody Blues song `` Nights in White Satin '' , and decided to use the journalist 's phrase as the song title . Other songs on the album deal with subjects like ended relationships ( `` Friend of Mine '' ) , alienation ( `` Leper 's Song '' ) the exploitation of animals for their fur ( `` Spirit on the Water '' ) and the space race ( `` Sea of Tranquility '' ) . The original LP version of this album , designed by Maldwyn Tootill , featured die-cut outer cover and full-color inner album sleeve . On one side of the inner sleeve was an owl ( as shown in the picture ) ; on the other side was a picture of a sunset . The inner sleeve could be reversed so that either side would be displayed through the die cut . The album 's title , Gone to Earth , refers to the fox hunter 's cry used to indicate that the quarry has returned to its lair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b6080b8ce13a4942e280eb9c30fbc0c", "text": "Earth (Jefferson Starship album) Earth is a 1978 album by Jefferson Starship . The album was recorded in 1977 , with the same band lineup as the previous album , Spitfire . The band had not toured in 1977 , partly due to Marty Balin 's reluctance to commit fully to the band . The song `` Count on Me '' became a Top-10 single , peaking at # 8 . The album itself hit # 5 on the Billboard charts . A US and European tour followed which resulted in an audience riot in Germany after the band decided not to play without Grace Slick who was ill . They lost all their guitars and equipment during the riot and played one more tense show on German TV in Hamburg after which Grace left the band for one album . Marty Balin fronted the band for one more show at a Genesis concert at the Knebworth Festival in England using rented equipment . When they returned to the USA drummer John Barbata left the band after a serious car accident . This would be the end of the 1970s line-up and several new members joined the band , as well as a new record producer . Success of this album led to Jefferson Starship being contracted to provide a song for the Star Wars Holiday Special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d71cb332f2d62ebef5e1438cb3598e3", "text": "List of documentary films about the Moon This is a list of documentary films about the Moon : Do We Really Need the Moon ? ( 2011 ) - films about the Apollo program : The Space Movie ( 1979 ) For All Mankind ( 1989 ) Apollo 13 ( 1995 ) Apollo 11 ( 1996 ) From the Earth to the Moon - series ( 1998 ) Magnificent Desolation : Walking on the Moon 3D ( 2005 ) In the Shadow of the Moon ( 2007 ) Moonwalk One ( 2007 ) The Wonder of It All ( 2007 ) Moon Machines - series ( 2008 ) When We Left Earth : The NASA Missions - series ( 2008 ) Moonshot ( 2009 ) Conspiracy theory about the Apollo program : A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Moon ( 2001 ) Dark Side of the Moon ( 2002 ) Astronauts Gone Wild ( 2004 ) Moon Moon", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95eb89b588abcf0897b208b90b37ce5", "text": "Apogee Books Apogee Books is an imprint of Canadian publishing house Collector 's Guide Publishing . The Apogee imprint began with `` Apollo 8 The NASA Mission Reports '' in November 1998 at the request of astronaut Buzz Aldrin , second man on the moon . The first publication by Apogee was printed to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the first manned flight around the moon . A limited edition print run of this Apollo 8 book led to Aldrin suggesting that the imprint continue with further anniversary publications . In March 1999 Apogee published the book Apollo 9 - The NASA Mission Reports . Since that time Apogee has been the winner of the Space Frontier Foundation 's media award and has published almost 100 books on space flight . Almost all of the Apogee titles were packaged with CDROMs or DVDs which included what was , at the time , the first digital release of seminal NASA footage , including the first commercial release of the uncut television broadcast of the Apollo 11 moonwalk . Notable contributors to the Apogee series include Sir Arthur C. Clarke , Tom Hanks , Ron Howard , Buzz Aldrin , Harrison Schmitt , William Pogue , Wernher von Braun , David Lasser , Sy Liebergot , Guenter Wendt , Robert Zubrin , Wally Schirra , David R. Scott , Rick Tumlinson and Winston Scott . Apogee Books has performed contracted work with or for , Lockheed , Boeing , Energia , NASA , Imax , Space Frontier Foundation , The Mars Society and The National Space Society . An offshoot of Apogee Books , publishing science fiction , began in 2005 . Apogee Science Fiction specializes in space-related historical science fiction . By 2007 titles had been published by Hugo Gernsback , Garrett P. Serviss , Wernher von Braun , and George Griffith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b224a41cd8832d77835e84171ab505b9", "text": "Jack Horkheimer: Star Gazer (1998 season) The 1998 season of the astronomy TV show Jack Horkheimer : Star Gazer starring Jack Horkheimer started on January 5 , 1998 . The show 's episode numbering scheme changed several times during its run to coincide with major events in the show 's history . The official Star Gazer website hosts the complete scripts for each of the shows . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "899d1c11c372a615727ae69a63a44eb6", "text": "Where Do We Go from Here (Chicago song) `` Where Do We Go from Here '' is a song from the American rock band Chicago 's second studio album , Chicago II ( 1970 ) . It was released as the B-side to the single `` 25 or 6 to 4 '' , one of the leading songs off of the record . With that single , it went to number four on the Pop Singles chart in June 1970 . The song was also the very first musical composition from bassist Peter Cetera , who was by this time contributing more than on the debut album released the year before . The song deals with how life is short , and that if you look around you can see that people need to embrace each other with love all the time , and not just when the country is at an all-time low ( hence the Vietnam War ) . The title line is taken from a TV reporter 's comment during the broadcast of the 1969 moon landing -- a historically positive event in stark contrast to the social upheavel on Earth at the time . A live performance of the song can be found on their 1971 Chicago at Carnegie Hall album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0682d3e12c35eaccdafda58559671d25", "text": "Earth Observing System The Earth Observing System ( EOS ) is a program of NASA comprising a series of artificial satellite missions and scientific instruments in Earth orbit designed for long-term global observations of the land surface , biosphere , atmosphere , and oceans of the Earth . The satellite component of the program was launched in 1997 . The program is centerpiece of NASA 's Earth Science Enterprise ( ESE ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e04bb1eb026a63854291f1eaf021e09e", "text": "Apollo 9 Apollo 9 was the third manned mission in the United States Apollo space program and the first flight of the Command/Service Module ( CSM ) with the Lunar Module ( LM , pronounced `` lem '' ) . Its three-person crew , consisting of Commander James McDivitt , Command Module Pilot David Scott , and Lunar Module Pilot Rusty Schweickart , spent ten days in low Earth orbit testing several aspects critical to landing on the Moon , including the LM engines , backpack life support systems , navigation systems , and docking maneuvers . The mission was the second manned launch of a Saturn V rocket . After launching on March 3 , 1969 , the crewmen performed the first manned flight of a LM , the first docking and extraction of a LM , two spacewalks ( EVA ) , and the second docking of two manned spacecraft -- two months after the Soviets performed a spacewalk crew transfer between Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 . The mission proved the LM worthy of manned spaceflight . Further tests on the Apollo 10 mission would prepare the LM for its ultimate goal , landing on the Moon . They returned to Earth on March 13 , 1969 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47964ca4ea39a614e508f219e0eae88c", "text": "Purple Moon Purple Moon was an American developer of girls ' video games based in Mountain View , California . Its games were targeted at girls between the ages of 8 and 14 . The company was founded by Brenda Laurel and others , and supported by Interval Research . They debuted their first two games , Rockett 's New School and Secret Paths in the Forest , in 1997 . Both games were more or less visual novels and encouraged values like friendship and decision making . Purple Moon 's games were part of a larger girl games movement in the 1990s , initiated largely by the surprise success of Mattel 's 1996 CD-ROM game Barbie Fashion Designer . Laurel based her game design on four years of interview research she had done at Interval . An associated website , purple-moon . com , featured characters from the games and allowed users to trade virtual items . Some items arose from brand partnerships with companies such as Bonne Bell and Sea World . Children were required to have parental consent ( email or verbal ) in order to register on the site . Purple Moon 's games faced some criticism such as claims that they perpetuated gender stereotypes and ethnic stereotypes . The company folded in spring of 1999 and was bought out by Mattel , creators of Barbie , one of the most famous and well-known franchises aimed at young girls . Mattel kept Purple Moon 's website running for a while but did not develop any further products . In a 2009 interview , Laurel said that `` In a way , the need for the kind of cultural intervention we made with Purple Moon no longer exists , in that girls and women are full participants in the world of computer-based interactivity , but we still have a problem with female designers getting their work out there . And there are many genres and areas of interest for girls and women that remain untouched . Heroes like Tracy Fullerton ( USC ) , danah boyd ( now at Microsoft , I believe ) , Justine Cassell ( Northwestern ) and Henry Jenkins ( founder of the Comparative Media Studies program at MIT and moving now to USC ) keep the flame burning for women in gaming . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f70237c60686e9c441b62df5d604d09f", "text": "Earth, Wind & Fire Earth , Wind & Fire ( EWF ) is an American band that has spanned the musical genres of R&B , soul , funk , jazz , disco , pop , rock , Latin and African . They are one of the most successful bands of all time . Rolling Stone Magazine described them as `` innovative , precise yet sensual , calculated yet galvanizing '' and declared that the band `` changed the sound of black pop '' . The band was founded in Chicago by Maurice White in 1970 , having grown out of a previous band known as The Salty Peppers . Other members have included Philip Bailey , Verdine White , Ralph Johnson , Larry Dunn , Al McKay and Andrew Woolfolk . The band has received 20 Grammy nominations ; they won six as a group and two of its members , Maurice White and Bailey , won separate individual awards . Earth , Wind & Fire have 12 American Music Awards nominations and four awards . They have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame , received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and have sold over 100 million records , making them one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time . Five members of Earth , Wind & Fire were also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame : Maurice White , Philip Bailey , Verdine White , Larry Dunn and Al McKay . The music industry and fans have bestowed Lifetime Achievement honors from the American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( Rhythm & Soul Heritage Award -- 2002 ) , NAACP ( Hall of Fame -- 1994 ) and the BET Awards ( Lifetime Achievement Award -- 2002 ) . Earth , Wind & Fire is known for the dynamic sound of their horn section , their energetic and elaborate stage shows , and the interplay between the contrasting vocals of Philip Bailey 's falsetto and Maurice White 's tenor . The kalimba ( African thumb piano ) is played on all of the band 's albums . In the 1970s and early 1980s , the band had many hits , including `` Shining Star '' , `` That 's the Way of the World '' , `` Devotion '' , `` Reasons '' , `` Sing a Song '' , `` Ca n't Hide Love '' , `` Getaway '' , `` Fantasy '' , `` Love 's Holiday '' , `` September '' , `` Boogie Wonderland '' , `` After the Love Has Gone '' , and `` Let 's Groove '' . Two Earth , Wind & Fire classic songs have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame : `` That 's the Way of the World '' ( 2004 ) and `` Shining Star '' ( 2007 ) . The band is also known as having been the first African-American act to sell out Madison Square Garden and to receive the MSG Gold Ticket Award . President Barack Obama invited Earth , Wind & Fire to perform at the White House for the first social event of the new administration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "438cfd024e307cfb9140742f4dda8262", "text": "The Violent Earth The Violent Earth is a 1998 French-Australian mini series set in New Caledonia from 1888 to 1977 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a44924ac1513c9ac9c0b55da50020f76", "text": "James L. Green James Lauer Green is an American physicist who received his Ph.D. in Space Physics from the University of Iowa in 1979 and who worked at NASA since then . He began working in the Magnetospheric Physics Branch at NASA 's Marshall Space Flight Center in 1980 . At Marshall , Green developed and managed the Space Physics Analysis Network that provided scientists with access to data . From 1985 to 1992 he was the head of the National Space Science Data Center ( NSSDC ) at Goddard Space Flight Center . The NSSDC is NASA 's largest space science data archive . He was the Chief of the Space Science Data Operations Office from 1992 until 2005 , when he became the Chief of the Science Proposal Support Office . While at Goddard , Green was a co-investigator and the Deputy Project Scientist on the IMAGE mission . He has written over 100 scientific articles in refereed journals involving various aspects of the Earth 's and Jupiter 's magnetospheres and over 50 technical articles on various aspects of data systems and networks . In August 2006 , Green became the Director of the Planetary Science Division at NASA Headquarters . In that role he serves as a spokesman for NASA for planetary missions , for instance announcing the likelihood that there was once flowing water on Mars in September 2015 . Under his leadership at the Planetary Science Division , several missions have been successfully completed or launched , including the New Horizons probe to Pluto , the MESSENGER probe to Mercury , the launch of Juno probe to Jupiter , the launch of Grail A and B to the Moon , the Dawn probe to Vesta , and the landing of the Mars Science Laboratory and Curiosity rover on Mars . In 1988 , he received the Arthur S. Flemming award given for outstanding individual performance in the federal government and was awarded Japan 's Kotani Prize in 1996 in recognition of his international science data management activities . In 2016 , Green was named an Alumni Fellow of the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences ( CLAS ) at the University of Iowa . In a 2015 TED presentation , he offered a survey of the places in our solar system that are most likely to harbor alien life . In 2015 Green was a part of the NASA involvement with the film The Martian . Green , a Civil War Trust member , has written about Civil War ballooning and has spoken at the 150th anniversary of the first tether balloon ascension . He served as an advisor on the Intrepid project , an initiative to construct and fly the world 's first replica of a Civil War manned balloon , and presented a talk for its official first lift-off at the Genesee Country Village & Museum celebration in Mumford , New York on July 4 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "731366d0b75c6216a4292f16c301136b", "text": "The Case of the Missing Moon Rocks The Case of the Missing Moon Rocks is a non-fiction book by Joe Kloc , a former contributing editor for Seed Magazine . It describes the efforts of both Joseph Gutheinz , a NASA Office of Inspector General Senior Special Agent turned college professor and his students to locate and find up to 79 missing Apollo 11 and 17 moon rocks and plaques that the United States government gave away to 135 nations of the world , all 50 states and its territories . It begins by telling the story of Operation Lunar Eclipse , the first successful sting operation to recover a piece of the moon brought back by American astronauts , a sting operation the professor led and went undercover in , while still an agent . The sting operation successfully recovered the Honduras Apollo 17 Goodwill Moon Rock that was in the possession of Florida businessman Alan H. Rosen . This operation was funded in part with the financial assistance of H. Ross Perot , billionaire and former Presidential candidate . On October 1 , 2012 , Gutheinz gave a major speech on Operation Lunar Eclipse and the Moon Rock Project before the Engineering Colloquium at NASA 's Goddard Space Flight Center . The speech was entitled `` Finding the Missing Moon Rocks '' , and is preserved on a video at the Space Flight Center Library . In that speech Joe Gutheinz was critical of NASA and the U.S. Government for not turning over the Cyprus Apollo 17 Goodwill Moon Rock to Cyprus , which was also a major topic in Joe Kloc 's novel . On May 16 , 2013 news reports first broke that bowing from pressure from Cyprus the United States Government would give Cyprus its Apollo 17 Goodwill Moon Rock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7d1ac0bc7856e910ea3199dd66fdb45", "text": "The Living Planet The Living Planet : A Portrait of the Earth is a BBC nature documentary series written and presented by David Attenborough , first transmitted in the UK from 19 January 1984 . The sequel to his pioneering Life on Earth , it is a study of the ways in which living organisms , including humans , adapt to their surroundings . Each of the twelve 55-minute episodes ( one fewer than his previous series ) featured a different environment . The executive producer was Richard Brock and the music was composed by Elizabeth Parker of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop . Part of David Attenborough 's ` Life ' series , it was followed by The Trials of Life ( 1990 ) . However , before the latter , Attenborough wrote and presented two shorter series : The First Eden ( 1987 ) , about man 's relationship with the natural habitats of the Mediterranean , and Lost Worlds , Vanished Lives ( 1989 ) , concerning the discovery of fossils .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3dc96bf838b0f52a72cafbe35f61ddd0	Venus Williams has a sister that plays professional tennis.	[ { "docid": "fe30803ed4ae97df6b6d9465a600f8b4", "text": "Venus Williams Venus Ebony Starr Williams ( born June 17 , 1980 ) is an American professional tennis player who is generally regarded as one of the all-time greats of women 's tennis and who , along with younger sister Serena Williams , is credited with ushering in a new era of power and athleticism on the women 's professional tennis tour . Ranked World No. 11 in singles as of January 28 , 2017 , Williams has been ranked World No. 1 by the Women 's Tennis Association on three occasions , for a total of 11 weeks . She first became the World No. 1 on February 25 , 2002 , the first African American woman to do so in the Open Era . On 10 June 2002 , Venus and Serena became the first sisters to hold the No. 1 and No. 2 spots in the singles rankings , respectively . On 7 June 2010 , Venus became co-No . 1 in doubles with Serena after they won their 4th consecutive grand slam doubles title at Roland Garros . By virtue of that doubles ascension , Venus became one of seven women to reach No. 1 in singles and No. 1 in doubles . On 21 June 2010 , Venus and Serena again occupied the No. 2 and No. 1 spots in the singles rankings , respectively . This came almost exactly 8 years after first accomplishing this feat . At the time , Venus had just celebrated her 30th birthday and Serena was three months shy of her 29th birthday , both ages at which many of their peers had retired . Her seven Grand Slam singles titles ties her twelfth on the all-time list , more than any other active female player except sister Serena . She has also won fourteen Grand Slam doubles titles and two mixed doubles titles . Her five Wimbledon singles titles ties her with two other women for eighth place on the all-time list . Williams is one of four women to have won five or more Wimbledon singles titles in the Open Era . From the 2000 Wimbledon Championships to the 2001 US Open , Williams won four of the six Grand Slam singles tournaments held . She is one of only six women in the Open Era to win 200 or more main draw Grand Slam singles matches . At the 2017 French Open , Williams extended her record as the all-time leader , male or female , in Grand Slams played , with 74 . Furthermore , Williams ' run to the 2017 Australian Open Women 's Singles final set the record for longest span between singles slam finals in the open era at 20 years , the beginning of which was marked by her appearance in the singles final at the 1997 US Open . Williams has won four Olympic gold medals , one in singles and three in women 's doubles , along with a silver medal in mixed doubles . She and Serena have won more Olympic gold medals than any other tennis player , male or female . Venus also holds the record for the most Olympic medals won by a male or female tennis player , shared with Kathleen McKane Godfree . She is the only tennis player to have won a medal at four separate Olympic Games . At the 2000 Sydney Olympics , Williams became only the second player to win Olympic gold medals in both singles and doubles at the same Olympic Games , after Helen Wills Moody in 1924 . With 49 singles titles , Williams is behind only Serena among active players on the WTA Tour . Her 35-match winning streak from the 2000 Wimbledon Championships to the 2000 Generali Ladies Linz tournament final is the longest since January 1 , 2000 . She is also one of only three active WTA players to have made the finals of all four Grand Slams , along with Serena and Russian Maria Sharapova . By winning her 49th career singles title at the 2016 Taiwan Open , Williams became the 5th oldest WTA Tour titlist in the Open Era , at 35 years , 7 months and 28 days . Williams has played against her sister in 27 professional matches since 1998 , and won 11 . They have played against each other in nine Grand Slam singles finals , with Venus holding a 2-7 record . Venus has 8 runner-up finishes in grand slam singles events with Martina Hingis being the only player other than Serena to beat Venus in a major final at the 1997 US Open . Beginning with the 2002 French Open , they opposed each other in four consecutive Grand Slam singles finals , the first time sisters had so met in the Open Era . On the other side , the pair have won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles playing alongside each other and are undefeated in Grand Slam finals .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "60b3c151c1eff13b97489b6dfaff8f29", "text": "2009 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the two-time defending champion but lost to her sister Serena in the final 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 3 ) , 6 -- 2 . Serena had come from match point down in the semifinals against Elena Dementieva .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c98f5ca9a8cc57f81d449e0bbb6d052", "text": "Grunting in tennis Grunting in tennis is the very loud noise , sometimes described as `` shrieking '' or `` screaming '' , made by some players while hitting their shots . It is prominent in both men 's and women 's tennis . Many players and spectators find it to be distracting or obnoxious above a certain sound level . Monica Seles and Jimmy Connors are generally considered as the `` grunt creator '' in the women 's and men 's games respectively . Examples of contemporary tennis players who notably grunt are Serena Williams , Venus Williams , Maria Sharapova , Victoria Azarenka , Rafael Nadal , Novak Djokovic , David Ferrer and Gustavo Kuerten .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "668ca5a24d2d4cfa58549467497dfc99", "text": "2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Amélie Mauresmo was the defending champion but was knocked out in the fourth round by Nicole Vaidišová . 23rd seed Venus Williams defeated Marion Bartoli in the final , 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 1 . Williams , ranked 31st at the time , remains the lowest ranked and seeded player ever to win Wimbledon . Bartoli would eventually win the Wimbledon title six years later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6495f6f4cae128adc35060114155397", "text": "2001 WTA Tour Championships The 2001 WTA Tour Championships , also known by its sponsored name Sanex Championships , was a women 's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Olympiahalle in Munich , Germany . It was the 31st edition of the year-end singles championships , the 26th edition of the year-end doubles championships , and was part of the 2001 WTA Tour . The tournament was held between 30 October and 4 November 2001 . Seventh-seeded Serena Williams won the singles event after Lindsay Davenport defaulted the final due to a knee injury she sustained in her semifinal match . Davenport 's semifinal win ensured her the No. 1 year-end ranking . Williams earned $ 500,000 first-prize money as well as 390 ranking points . Venus Williams and Martina Hingis had qualified for the tournament but withdrew due to injuries while Monica Seles refused to play in Germany , the country where she was stabbed in 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7228f95a1b9b80d795a63cc6119cd2be", "text": "Clarisa Fernández Clarisa Fernández ( born 28 August 1981 ) is a retired Argentine tennis player who is best known for her semi-final appearance at the 2002 French Open , the first Argentine since Sabatini in 1992 to reach that stage . Fernández was ranked 87th in the world at the time of her shocking result . She defeated , in order : ( Q ) Lubomira Bacheva , Jelena Kostanić , Kim Clijsters , ( 13 ) Elena Dementieva , Paola Suárez , before losing to second-seeded Venus Williams in straight sets . . Fernández is a crafty left-handed player . She turned professional in 1998 , and did not have much success before her appearance at the French Open . She has six ITF titles to her name , including one in 2006 . Since 2003 , Fernández has been plagued with injuries . She has suffered from tendinitis in her left shoulder , an injury to her left wrist , and to her right knee . Fernández enjoys playing on hard and grass courts . She was coached by Leonardo Lerda . Her tennis inspirations are Pete Sampras and Martina Navratilova . In April 2008 , Fernández announced her retirement from professional tennis after a lengthy battle with knee injuries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a7e9245b4a41bf537c6c9c10e6cde79", "text": "Monterrey Open The Monterrey Open is a professional women 's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . The event is affiliated with the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) , and is part of the International tournaments on the WTA Tour . From 2009 to 2013 the tournament was held in the Sierra Madre Tennis Club , from 2014 the tournament is currently held at the Club Sonoma .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1585fb8a9a5525acff35fa07a57af74e", "text": "Andrea Hlaváčková Andrea Hlaváčková ( -LSB- ˈandrɛa ˈɦlavaːtʃkovaː -RSB- ; born 10 August 1986 ) is a professional tennis player from the Czech Republic . Her highest singles ranking is World No. 58 , which she reached in September 2012 , and her highest doubles ranking is World No. 3 , reached on 22 October 2012 . In her career , Hlaváčková has won 14 WTA doubles titles , as well as 17 ITF doubles titles and seven ITF singles titles . Hlaváčková has won two Grand Slam doubles titles , the 2011 French Open and the 2013 US Open , both times partnered with Lucie Hradecká . The pair are also the 2012 Olympic silver medallists . She was part of the winning Czech team in Fed Cup 2012 . She also won the mixed doubles title at the 2013 US Open paired with Max Mirnyi . Hlaváčková 's elder sister is retired tennis player Jana Hlaváčková .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bd07129cc11438544f22ee058530334", "text": "2017 WTA Tour The 2017 WTA Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) for the 2017 tennis season . The 2017 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , the WTA Premier tournaments ( Premier Mandatory , Premier 5 , and regular Premier ) , the WTA International tournaments , the Fed Cup ( organized by the ITF ) , the year-end championships ( the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Elite Trophy ) . Also included in the 2017 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a49022d13e2f06169b88d84bdac9135", "text": "Unmatched Unmatched is a documentary about tennis players Martina Navratilova and Chris Evert , their decades-long on-court rivalry and lifelong friendship , created for ESPN 's 30 for 30 documentary series . Evert and Navratilova met in 80 matches , 60 finals and 14 grand slam finals with Navratilova sporting a 43-37 advantage . The film was shot over three days in Amagansett , New York in October 2009 . Unmatched was awarded the 2011 Gracie Award for `` Outstanding Producer - News/Non-fiction '' . Navratilova was sometimes described as the lesbian tennis player from a communist country : `` As one of the first openly gay sports figures , she has spent much of her career overcoming prejudices and stereotypes , giving up millions of dollars in endorsements and sponsorships as a result of her insistence on living a life of integrity and honesty . '' Evert was described as the all-American girl next door . Today Navratilova is often cited as the greatest tennis player of all-time ; she has won 167 singles titles , 177 doubles championships titles and 59 Grand Slam titles , she has been inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame , was the WTA 's `` Tour Player of the Year '' seven times , was declared one of the `` Top Forty Athletes of All-time '' by Sports Illustrated and was named `` Female Athlete of the Year '' by the Associated Press . Navratilova has served as AARP 's Health and Fitness Ambassador and is also involved with the LGBT movement , The Rainbow Card ® and Rainbow Endowment . Evert on the other hand reached more Grand Slam singles finals than any player , she has been president of the Women 's Tennis Association and in 2005 she was named fourth on the list of the 40 Greatest Players of the Tennis Era by TENNIS Magazine . Evert won 157 singles championships , 29 doubles titles and she won 18 Grand Slam singles championships and three doubles titles . Hannah Storm said of the rivalry : `` Just think about the dynamic of competing against your best friend . They would practice together , eat lunch together , then go out and play in the final and then make travel plans to go to the next tournament . '' In describing their rivalry and its effect on their tennis careers , Navratilova said : `` I do n't think either of us would have lasted as long without the other . '' Evert said : `` It gave us inspiration and a lot of incentive to work harder and try to continue to improve . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f070d9076b81460acb19a9aa4614b1e", "text": "Tsvetana Pironkova Tsvetana Pironkova ( Цветана Кирилова Пиронкова -LSB- tsvɛˈtana pirɔnˈkɔva -RSB- ) ( born 13 September 1987 ) is a Bulgarian tennis player and the current no. 1 Bulgarian in the WTA rankings . She is right-handed and plays with a two-handed backhand . Born in Plovdiv , Pironkova started playing tennis at the age of four on being introduced to the sport by her father , who later coached her . After playing at a junior level and winning Atlantic Cup , she made her senior international tournament debut in 2002 at the International Tennis Federation circuit . Early in her career , Pironkova won six international singles titles at the ITF circuit . Pironkova made her WTA tour debut at the İstanbul Cup in 2005 , and achieved moderate success earlier in her career . That changed in 2010 , when she entered Wimbledon with a 1 -- 4 career record at the event , and went on reach the semifinals of the tournament , becoming the second Bulgarian tennis player in history to reach the semifinal stage of a Grand Slam in singles . She garnered wide recognition for her performance , and after her semifinal finish reached her highest WTA Singles ranking at no. 31 in September 2010 . Pironkova followed it up with a quarterfinal run at the event the following year , earning her the nickname `` The Wimbledon Darkhorse '' . She is also known defeating Venus Williams three times at Grand Slam tournaments , twice at Wimbledon . Pironkova won her first WTA title at the 2014 Apia International , defeating three top-10 ranked players in a row . She defeated the world no. 2 Agnieszka Radwańska in the fourth round of the 2016 French Open , reaching her quarterfinal at a Grand Slam other than Wimbledon . In addition to this , Pironkova has a total of twelve wins over other top-10 ranked players to her name . She also holds the second longest active streak of the most consecutive Grand Slam appearances at 45 , only behind Jelena Jankovic . Pironkova has been recognized by The New York Times for her `` cerebral '' grass-court abilities and named one of the most beautiful women in sports by MSN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03b4ca5a975ca227dfb17d44adbc44b4", "text": "2017 Australian Open The 2017 Australian Open was a tennis tournament that took place at Melbourne Park between 16 -- 29 January 2017 . It was the 105th edition of the Australian Open , and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year . The tournament consisted of events for professional players in singles , doubles and mixed doubles play . Junior and wheelchair players competed in singles and doubles tournaments . As in previous years , the tournament 's title sponsor was Kia . Novak Djokovic and Angelique Kerber were the defending champions and both were unsuccessful in their title defense ; they lost to Denis Istomin and Coco Vandeweghe in the second and fourth rounds , respectively . For the first time since the 2004 French Open , both No. 1 seeds lost before the quarterfinals , with both Andy Murray and Kerber defeated in the fourth round . Roger Federer won his eighteenth men 's singles Grand Slam title by defeating Rafael Nadal in a five-set final . It was his first major title since 2012 Wimbledon and a rematch of the 2009 Australian Open final , which Nadal won in five sets . Serena Williams overcame her sister Venus in the women 's singles final , surpassing Steffi Graf to become the player with the most major wins in the women 's game in the Open Era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d01adf1c0efe8c27103af52b8162081f", "text": "Alizé Lim Alizé Lim ( born 13 July 1990 in Paris ) is a French professional tennis player . Her WTA career-high singles ranking is world no. 135 , which she reached on 26 May 2014 . Her career-high in doubles in world no. 231 , which she reached on 12 August 2013 . Lim partnered fellow French Victoria Larrière for the 2011 French Open 's Women 's Doubles and lost in the first round to Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Meghann Shaughnessy in straight sets . She made her Grand Slam singles debut at the 2014 French Open , as a wildcard entry , where she lost in the first round to occasional training partner and world no. 1 Serena Williams . According to a recent interview for the french magazine `` Tennis Mag ' '' , she would be in a relationship with a french player Baptiste Mouton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61365a37e8ee16cb24b7cff095254273", "text": "2012 BGL Luxembourg Open The 2012 BGL Luxembourg Open was a professional women 's tennis tournament played on hard courts . It was the 22nd edition of the tournament , which was part of the 2012 WTA Tour . It took place in Luxembourg City , Luxembourg between 15 and 21 October 2011 . Venus Williams won the singles title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8c21513fdebd7b436c97bffe93e40dc", "text": "Laura Robson Laura Robson ( born 21 January 1994 ) is a British tennis player and an Olympic Mixed Doubles silver medalist . She debuted on the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) junior tour in 2007 , and a year later won the Wimbledon Junior Girls ' Championship at the age of 14 . As a junior , she also twice reached the final of the girls ' singles tournament at the Australian Open , in 2009 and 2010 . She won her first professional tournament in November 2008 . Robson was the first British woman since Samantha Smith at Wimbledon in 1998 to reach the fourth round of a Grand Slam tournament , doing so at the 2012 US Open and the 2013 Wimbledon Championships . She won a silver medal in the mixed doubles at the 2012 London Olympics playing with Andy Murray , with whom she also reached the 2010 Hopman Cup final . At the 2012 Guangzhou Women 's Open , Robson became the first British woman since Jo Durie in 1990 to reach a WTA main-tour final , where she lost to Hsieh Su-wei . Robson was named WTA Newcomer of the Year for 2012 and reached a career high singles ranking of world number 27 on 8 July 2013 . Since then , Robson has suffered from various injuries which have caused a prolonged absence from the WTA tour . After losing in the first round of the 2013 HP Open on 7 October 2013 , she has played just 33 matches : two in 2014 , 11 in 2015 and 20 in 2016 , winning just eight of them . She dropped out of the world rankings in early 2015 , returning at 906 in July 2015 , and is currently ranked at 173 . She has a career-high doubles ranking of number 82 and is currently ranked 344 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ec48839ea44d6b7657892e2452dcbc7", "text": "John Austin (tennis) John Austin ( born July 31 , 1957 ) is an American former professional tennis player born in Long Beach , California . He won the Wimbledon mixed doubles championship with his sister , Tracy Austin , in 1980 , becoming the first brother and sister team to win a Grand Slam title together . Austin reached a career high singles ranking of World No. 40 . He now resides in Scottsdale , Arizona with his son , Reed , and his wife , Karen . He is the brother of former professional tennis players Tracy , Pam , Jeff , and Doug Austin , and the brother-in-law of fitness expert Denise Austin . According to a July 31 , 2006 press release , He is currently the manager of a racquet club in Surprise , Arizona He was the national NCAA doubles champ in 1978 while at UCLA He was a Davis Cup team member .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42e61959b26347bc91ba0e0ea9cb7f98", "text": "Urszula Radwańska Urszula `` Ula '' Radwańska -LSB- AUDPl-Urszula_Radwańska . oggur ` szula-rad ` wańska -RSB- ( born 7 December 1990 ) is a Polish professional tennis player . Radwańska has won one doubles title on the WTA tour , as well as four singles and ten doubles titles on the ITF tour in her career . On 8 October 2012 , she reached her best singles ranking of world number 29 . On 21 September 2009 , she peaked at world number 74 in the doubles rankings . She is the younger sister of Agnieszka Radwańska .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e59af21b0755bfc258c6120006acf708", "text": "2000 French Open – Women's Doubles Serena Williams and Venus Williams were the defending champions , but did not compete this year . Martina Hingis and Mary Pierce won the title , defeating Virginia Ruano Pascual and Paola Suárez 6 -- 2 , 6 -- 4 in the final . It was the 8th Grand Slam doubles title , 2nd title of the year and 29th title overall for Hingis , and the 1st and only Grand Slam doubles title , 2nd title of the year and 9th title overall for Pierce , in their respective careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eb2f5b9d14a84827312546480a53d12", "text": "Althea Gibson Althea Gibson ( August 25 , 1927 -- September 28 , 2003 ) was an American tennis player and professional golfer , and the first black athlete to cross the color line of international tennis . In 1956 , she became the first person of color to win a Grand Slam title ( the French Open ) . The following year she won both Wimbledon and the U.S. Nationals ( precursor of the U.S. Open ) , then won both again in 1958 , and was voted Female Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press in both years . In all , she won 11 Grand Slam tournaments , including six doubles titles , and was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame and the International Women 's Sports Hall of Fame . `` She is one of the greatest players who ever lived , '' said Robert Ryland , a tennis contemporary and former coach of Venus and Serena Williams . `` Martina could n't touch her . I think she 'd beat the Williams sisters . '' In the early 1960s she also became the first black player to compete on the women 's professional golf tour . At a time when racism and prejudice were widespread in sports and in society , Gibson was often compared to Jackie Robinson . `` Her road to success was a challenging one , '' said Billie Jean King , `` but I never saw her back down . '' `` To anyone , she was an inspiration , because of what she was able to do at a time when it was enormously difficult to play tennis at all if you were black , '' said former New York City Mayor David Dinkins . `` I am honored to have followed in such great footsteps , '' wrote Venus Williams . `` Her accomplishments set the stage for my success , and through players like myself and Serena and many others to come , her legacy will live on . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "632337756c5fed699c255ace37c362a1", "text": "Claudia Williams Claudia Williams ( born 29 February 1996 in Wellington ) is a New Zealand tennis player . Williams has won one doubles title on the ITF tour in her career . On 8 June 2015 , she reached her best singles ranking of world number 873 . On 5 January 2015 , she peaked at world number 701 in the doubles rankings . Williams made her WTA tour debut at the 2013 ASB Classic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e51b827d3267f7bca0747d608f5be9d4", "text": "Williams sisters rivalry Venus Williams and Serena Williams ( born June 17 , 1980 , and September 26 , 1981 , respectively ) are professional tennis players and sisters who have faced off 28 times in professional tournaments , most recently in the final of the 2017 Australian Open on 28 January 2017 , where Serena claimed a history-making 23rd grand slam . Serena leads their rivalry 17 -- 11 . Both Williams sisters have been ranked World No. 1 : Venus for a total of 11 weeks , beginning in February 2002 ; Serena for a total of 316 weeks , beginning in July 2002 . The Williams sisters are the only two women during the open era to play each other in four consecutive Grand Slam finals : from the 2002 French Open to the 2003 Australian Open . Serena won all four of these finals . Venus has won 49 singles titles over the course of her career , and Serena has won 72 . Although the rivalry is long established , and is very fierce in competition , the two sisters remain personally very close . They have won 22 titles when playing doubles together , including 14 Grand Slam titles and 3 Olympic gold medals .", "title": "" } ]	fever
321e130984189dfffed3c62fa2b01c1f	Felicity Jones appeared in a 2007 movie.	[ { "docid": "e8b710437388ab7de8fa866c9a9bf62a", "text": "Felicity Jones Felicity Rose Hadley Jones ( born 17 October 1983 ) is an English actress . She started her professional acting career as a child , appearing at age 12 in The Treasure Seekers ( 1996 ) . Jones went on to play Ethel Hallow for one season in the television show The Worst Witch and its sequel Weirdsister College . She took time off from acting to attend university at Wadham College , Oxford where she performed in Shakespeare 's The Comedy of Errors for the Oxford University Dramatic Society , and has worked steadily since graduating in 2006 . On radio , she has played the role of Emma Grundy in the BBC 's The Archers . In 2008 , she appeared in the Donmar Warehouse production of The Chalk Garden . Since 2006 , Jones has appeared in numerous films , including Northanger Abbey ( 2007 ) , Brideshead Revisited ( 2008 ) , Chéri ( 2009 ) , and The Tempest ( 2010 ) . Her performance in the 2011 film Like Crazy was met with critical acclaim , garnering her numerous awards , including a special jury prize at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival . In 2014 , her performance as Jane Hawking in The Theory of Everything also met with critical acclaim , garnering her nominations for the Golden Globe , SAG , BAFTA and Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2016 , Jones starred in the adventure-thriller Inferno , the fantasy drama A Monster Calls and the Star Wars anthology film Rogue One . In 2016 , she received the BAFTA Britannia Award for British Artist of the Year .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "12cc40c78f7eb7a6a31d674779a00352", "text": "Gareth Jones (actor) Gareth Jones ( 6 June 1925 -- 30 November 1958 ) was a British actor , born in Lampeter , Wales , chiefly remembered for the circumstances of his death . During a live television broadcast of the Armchair Theatre play Underground on the ITV network in the UK on 30 November 1958 , Jones suffered a massive heart attack and died while off-camera between two of his scenes . Some contemporary news reports stated that he had suffered the heart attack while on camera , although most references claim that he was stricken while in a make-up chair , between scenes . However , actor Peter Bowles , also in the cast , recalled that `` During transmission , a little group of us was talking on camera while awaiting the arrival of Gareth Jones 's character , who had some information for us . We could see him coming up towards us , but we saw him fall . We had no idea what had happened , but he certainly was n't coming our way '' . Director Ted Kotcheff and the remaining cast were forced to improvise to carry the play to its conclusion , with producer Sydney Newman ordering Kotcheff to `` shoot it like a football match '' . Coincidentally , Jones 's character was to have suffered a heart attack during the play . Jones had appeared in three other Armchair Theatre plays in 1958 - `` Noon On Doomsday '' ( 6 July 1958 ) , `` Trial By Candlelight '' ( 22 June 1958 ) , and `` Miss Olive '' ( 6 April 1958 ) . Other TV appearances included the ITV Television Playhouse production of `` Thunder On Sycamore Street '' ( 11 October 1957 ) , the BBC Television adaptation of Under Milk Wood ( 9 May 1957 ) , the BBC series `` Onion Boys '' ( 1957 ) , and `` A Tale Of Two Cities '' ( 1957 ) . He earlier appeared in Dundee Repertory Theatre plays including `` Petticoat Influence '' ( 1952 ) , The Beaver Coat ( 1952 ) , `` The Hollow Crown '' ( 1952 ) , `` The Queen 's Husband '' ( 1952 ) , `` Young Madame Conti '' ( 1952 ) , and The Lark ( 1955 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88bc3d3cf3c810cf92f1e82fa6af8971", "text": "Rats and Cats Rats and Cats is a 2007 Australian comedy film directed by Tony Rogers and starring Adam Zwar and Jason Gann .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50a460dd4b191c74503b0eae967cc6a7", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26e903fb2c5ace06ed05c5a4d7ea761a", "text": "Area Boys (film) Area Boys is a 2007 Nigerian film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a116b69c0dfd003c9a6e9824c124fdd8", "text": "Felicity Montagu Felicity J. Montagu ( born 12 September 1960 ) is an English actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "351f7e4acadce62cbab65a26f0bb7a37", "text": "The Theory of Everything (2014 film) The Theory of Everything is a 2014 British biographical romantic drama film directed by James Marsh and adapted by Anthony McCarten from the memoir Travelling to Infinity : My Life with Stephen by Jane Wilde Hawking , which deals with her relationship with her ex-husband , theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking , his diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS , also known as Lou Gehrig 's disease or motor neurone disease ) , and his success in physics . The film stars Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones with Charlie Cox , Emily Watson , Simon McBurney , Christian McKay , Harry Lloyd and David Thewlis featured in supporting roles . The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2014 . The film was acclaimed critically worldwide , with praise for the musical score , cinematography and the performance of Felicity Jones and especially Eddie Redmayne , which earned him nominations for a variety of accolades in award shows and film festivals , including the Academy Award for Best Actor . The film received four Golden Globe Award nominations , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Redmayne and Best Original Score for Jóhannsson . It received three Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations , winning one for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role for Redmayne . It received 10 British Academy Film Awards nominations and won Outstanding British Film , Best Leading Actor ( for Redmayne ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( for McCarten ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ba613f2c0282b87e4ac1f9b3ad1c95b", "text": "Honeydripper (film) Honeydripper is a 2007 American musical drama film written and directed by John Sayles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94c2a6c179f786351fff21d3d393c379", "text": "Nina's Heavenly Delights Nina 's Heavenly Delights is a 2006 British drama Romance comedy film , directed by Pratibha Parmar . The film was released on 29 September 2006 in the United Kingdom , and on 21 November 2007 in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04446145fce8718e0d9ebdfb84476a36", "text": "Until Death Until Death is a 2007 American action film directed by Simon Fellows , and starring Jean-Claude Van Damme and Gary Beadle . The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on April 24 , 2007 . Jean-Claude Van Damme plays Anthony Stowe , a dirty police detective hooked on heroin whom everybody hates . After being shot in a gunfight he falls into a coma . Months later he recovers and decides to use his second chance at life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f29c80bedf4d6e15980ba6e46fb42c72", "text": "Humanitaire! Humanitaire ! is a 2007 film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9eca3333c481170404cf0ac21c78f50", "text": "Fire Serpent Fire Serpent is a 2007 Sci Fi Channel film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3342fd005c044356b5476bb3bf07ddc9", "text": "Diana: Last Days of a Princess Diana : Last Days of a Princess is a television movie broadcast in the United States by TLC on 12 August 2007 and subsequent dates . It also has aired on Five , UKTV History and UKTV Drama in Great Britain , RTÉ in Ireland , ProSieben in Germany , TF1 in France , RTP in Portugal , Channel 7 in Australia , Channel One in Russia , Jim in Finland and the History Channel in India . The film purports to be a fairly accurate ( albeit semi-fictionalized ) account of the last two months in the life of Diana , Princess of Wales , leading up to her death on 31 August 1997 . It is a mix of scripted scenes , actual news footage , and recent interviews with some of the principals present during the period portrayed , including Mohamed Al-Fayed and editors from The Sunday Mirror , giving it a hybrid drama-documentary feel . Much of Jenny Lecoat 's teleplay is based on testimony found in the 800-page Paget Report , published in 2006 by the United Kingdom 's Metropolitan Police Service following a four-year-long investigation . Richard Dale directed a cast that includes Genevieve O'Reilly as Diana , Patrick Baladi as Dodi Al-Fayed , and Shaun Dooley as Al-Fayed family security guard Trevor Rees-Jones , Nadim Sawalha as Mohamed Al-Fayed , and Carlo Ferrante as Henri Paul , the driver of the car in which he , Diana , and Dodi were killed during a high-speed escape from paparazzi through the streets of Paris . The Halton House in Wendover , Buckinghamshire served as the backdrop for scenes taking place at the Hôtel Ritz Paris . Other film locations included Hertfordshire , Paris ( including the Pont de l'Alma Tunnel in which the car crashed ) and Cannes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4df38fab86864ae21c18b3a17f91d3fd", "text": "Game of Life (film) Game of Life ( originally known as Oranges ) is a 2007 film drama starring Tom Sizemore , Tom Arnold , Heather Locklear and Jill Hennessy . The film was not fully released until 2011 , when it was released under the new title Game of Life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f7deadfaa275f35ce9b3aaac7d2ac1", "text": "Déjà Vu (2006 film) Déjà Vu ( stylised onscreen without accents ) is a 2006 American science fiction thriller film directed by Tony Scott , written by Bill Marsilii and Terry Rossio , and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer . The film stars Denzel Washington , Paula Patton , Jim Caviezel , Val Kilmer , Adam Goldberg and Bruce Greenwood . It involves an ATF agent who travels back in time in attempts to prevent a domestic terrorist attack that takes place in New Orleans and to save a woman with whom he falls in love . Filming took place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina . The film was premiered in New York City on November 20 , 2006 , and released widely in the United States and Canada two days later on November 22 , 2006 . It received mixed reviews from critics , and earning $ 64 million in the United States and $ 180 million worldwide . It was the 23rd most successful film worldwide for 2006 . The film was nominated for five awards , and also won the Golden Reel Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7512ebb030fc56583a0f553f03dd4c4", "text": "Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score . The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04682e02c4e4c10ef7f2123d7e529c09", "text": "Confessions of a Gambler Confessions of a Gambler is a 2007 film that depicts a woman 's struggles in life , and how she turns to gambling and later becomes addicted . It is based on a true story and is written by the lead actor , Rayda Jacobs . The book on which it is based won The Sunday Times Fiction Prize in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "533d879219aecb5a0b0cf9b7e115fba3", "text": "Premonition (2007 film) Premonition is a 2007 American supernatural thriller film directed by Mennan Yapo and starring Sandra Bullock , Julian McMahon , and Amber Valletta . The film 's plot depicts a housewife named Linda who experiences the days surrounding her husband 's death in a non-chronological order , and how she attempts to save him from his impending doom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e76e91231a6cca0dfe83c5833043eda8", "text": "Bridget Jones Bridget Jones is a franchise based on a fictional character of the same name . British writer Helen Fielding started her Bridget Jones 's Diary column in The Independent in 1995 , while chronicling the life of Jones as a thirtysomething single woman in London as she tries to make sense of life and love with the help of a surrogate `` urban family '' of friends in the 1990s . The column lampooned the obsession of women with women 's magazines such as Cosmopolitan and wider social trends in Britain at the time . Fielding published the novelisation of the column in 1996 , followed by a sequel in 1999 called Bridget Jones : The Edge of Reason . Both novels were adapted for the big screen in 2001 and 2004 , starring Renée Zellweger as Bridget Jones , and Hugh Grant and Colin Firth as the men in her life : Daniel Cleaver and Mark Darcy , respectively . After Fielding had ceased to work for The Daily Telegraph in late 1998 , the feature began again in The Independent on 4 August 2005 and finished in June 2006 . Helen Fielding released a third novel in 2013 , Bridget Jones : Mad About the Boy , which is set 14 years after the events of the second novel . The fictional character `` Bridget Jones '' was named on the 2016 Woman 's Hour Power List as one of seven women judged to have had the biggest impact on women 's lives over the past 70 years , alongside Margaret Thatcher , Barbara Castle , Helen Brook , Germaine Greer , Jayaben Desai and Beyoncé .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae3ed33139ddf292ea0c43809d6c8e5e", "text": "Chantal (film) Chantal is a 2007 direct-to-video film written and directed by Tony Marsiglia about a small town girl wanting to make it big in Hollywood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5146941998e082c799c66f63920e7b6", "text": "Amanda Foreman (actress) Amanda Foreman ( born July 15 , 1966 ) is an American actress best known for her role as Meghan Rotundi on the college drama series Felicity which ran from 1998-2002", "title": "" } ]	fever
daa5e7f8fd0dd1d128a138234ce69865	Thenmerku Paruvakaatru is a Pakistani film.	[ { "docid": "b4f4d0c3eb41b2a700d85b25d8a8e79e", "text": "Thenmerku Paruvakaatru Thenmerku Paruvakatru ( Southwest Monsoon ) is a 2010 Tamil drama film written and directed by Seenu Ramasamy and produced by Shibu Issac . It stars Saranya Ponvannan , in her 100th film , Vijay Sethupathi and Vasundhra in the lead roles . It released on 24 December 2010 . The film received mixed reviews , but was eventually featured at the 58th National Film Awards ceremony , where it was named the Best Feature Film in Tamil while Saranya Ponvannan and lyricist Vairamuthu were awarded the Best Actress and Best Lyricist prizes , respectively .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "21e1ed39fb67e688faac1199c0d18dd4", "text": "Lalka Paag Lalka Paag is ( -LSB- ˈmaɪtᵻli -RSB- ) Maithili language a film , depicting the story of Tiru , a simple , chaste village girl and Radhakant , a modern-day man with high educational qualification . The film was directed by Prashant Nagendra and produced by Ratesh N. Shah .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae8d4ddc79b46ff339a513aed78c0fe0", "text": "Muthu Kaalai Muthu Kaalai is a 1995 Tamil drama film directed by Gokula Krishnan . The film features Karthik and Soundarya in lead roles . The film , produced by Raadhika Reddy , had musical score by Ilaiyaraaja and was released on 24 February 1995 to above average reviews .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be5ac1153451460f57677e629c0ee3f4", "text": "Cinema of Sri Lanka Sri Lankan cinema encompasses the films made in Sri Lanka . It is a fledgling industry that has struggled to find a footing since its inauguration in 1947 with Kadawunu Poronduwa produced by S.M. Nayagam of Chitra Kala Movietone . Sri Lankan films are usually made in the Sinhalese language , the language of the majority Sinhala people . In the first nine years most films were made in South India and followed the conventions of Indian cinema . Studio shooting was the norm , with Indian style sets erected in film studios . Even though it is popularly held that Rekava , made in 1956 by pioneer director Lester James Peries , was the first Sinhala film to be shot completely out of studio , it was really the film `` Gambada Sundari '' , made in 1950 which was the first film shot outside studios . It was also the first Sri Lankan film where , like in `` Rekawa '' , the dialog was recorded on the spot . This was because the film was shot on 16mm , using an Auricon sound-on-film camera which recorded the sound on the 16mm film optically , unlike in the case of where the sound was recorded on a Kinevox 35mm magnetic recorder . The film was later ` blown-up ' to 35mm and was screened in Colombo in 1950 . Though `` Rekawa '' was acclaimed by local and international critics , the film failed to find an audience in the country and was a box office failure . Films continued to follow formulaic storylines borrowed from India up through the early 1960s despite such efforts as Sandesaya and Kurulu Bedda . In 1964 , Lester James Peries again contributed to the development of Sri Lankan cinema with Gamperaliya which was the first Sinhala film to feature no songs and like Rekava shot completely outside the studio . It garnered massive praise for portraying Sinhala culture in a realistic manner and was hailed by critics and audiences alike . The producer Anton Wicremasinghe was awarded the Silver Peacock at the New Delhi International Film Festival for Gamperaliya . Following this breakthrough , several artistic Sinhala films were made in the late-1960s including Sath Samudura by professor Siri Gunasinghe , ably supported by exquisite cinematography by Dr.D.B . Nihalsinghe . During the 1970s several talents came to the forefront while commercial cinema continued to steal storylines and plots from Indian films . These include Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha with `` Weilkatara '' - Sri Lanka 's first film in Cinemascope ratio wide screen in 1972 ; Vasantha Obeysekera who followed up his well-received debut Ves Gatho with a slew of successful films culminating with Palangetiyo in 1979 . Another major director who stepped forward during this time is Dharmasena Pathiraja who examined the tensions of city youth in such works as Bambaru Awith and Ahas Gauwa . Artist and poet Mahagama Sekera 's sole film Thun Man Handiya is also an important film in Sri Lankan cinema released in 1970 . Sumitra Peries , the wife of Lester James Peries , also struck out during the 1970s with work that looked at the conflicting roles of women in society . Her work include Gehenu Lamai and Ganga Addara . Over the next few decades , artists such as Tissa Abeysekara , Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha , Udayakantha Warnasooriya , H.D.Premaratne , Ashoka Handagama , Prasanna Vithanage and Vimukthi Jayasundara have attempted to breathe new life into the industry . Nihalsingha was an accomplished cinematographer as well as an editor : so his films has an input which was special and brought a viewpoint to all his films , most of which focused on the exploited women . Vithanage 's film Purahanda Kaluwara is widely considered one of the best movies made in Sri Lanka as is Jayasundara 's Sulanga Enu Pinisa which won the coveted Camera d'Or for best first film at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival . During Sri Lankan Civil War several films have begun to tackle gritty subjects such as family relationships , abortion and results of the conflict between the military and Tamil Tiger rebels in the north . Director Asoka Handagama especially has drawn criticism for pursuing such material in his work . In the recent years high budget films like Aloko Udapadi , Aba ( film ) and Maharaja Gemunu based on Sinhalese epic historical stories gain huge success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fc8cd05660fc12ea9516dcfe0b7b6ef", "text": "Balu Mahi Balu Mahi is a 2017 Pakistani romantic comedy film directed by Haissam Hussain , the film is produced by Sadia Jabbar and it is written by Saad Azhar . The Film will be distributed by A-Plus Films in Pakistan and Grand Showbiz Media will distribute the film Internationally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0fea1553e3d5258dca6a82910e7d6c0", "text": "Theatre of Pakistan This article deals with topics pertaining to theatre of Pakistan . Theatre in Pakistan has been developed and influenced by the traditional Persian theatre as well as from classical Indian dance practices of the Mughal Empire . With the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate that began in the 10th and 11th centuries , theatre was discouraged or forbidden entirely . Later , in an attempt to re-assert indigenous values and ideas , village theatre was encouraged across the South Asia , developing in a large number of regional languages from the 15th to the 19th centuries . Modern Urdu theatre developed during the period of colonial rule under the British Empire , from the mid-19th century until the mid-20th . In 1855 , the enactment of the play Inder Sabha ( The Heavenly Court of Indra ) written by Agha Hasan Amanat in the courtyard of the last Nawab of Oudh , Wajid Ali Shah , has been highly regarded as the beginning of Urdu theatre . Pakistan has a growing theatre culture , with English and Urdu theatre being the dominant forms . Today , the major competition with theatre is that represented by growing television industry and the spread of films produced in the Pakistani film industry based in Karachi and Lahore , known as `` Lollywood '' . Lack of finance is another major obstacle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaf4f8016582fb872b92e632a7e960e9", "text": "PK (film) PK is a 2014 Indian satirical science fiction comedy film . The film was directed by Rajkumar Hirani , produced by Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra , and written by Hirani and Abhijat Joshi . The film stars Aamir Khan in the title role with Anushka Sharma , Sushant Singh Rajput , Boman Irani , Saurabh Shukla , and Sanjay Dutt in supporting roles . It tells the story of an alien who comes to Earth on a research mission . He befriends a television journalist and questions religious dogmas and superstitions . The film received positive reviews and emerged as the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time , and ranks as the 70th highest-grossing film of 2014 worldwide . The film has been regarded as one of the best Hindi films of 2014 . It is currently the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time only behind Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion and Dangal ( film ) . PK is the first Indian film to gross 7 billion worldwide . It is also the first Indian film to gross US$ 100 million ( Rs 630 crore ) worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8622c335e45a4fb8ba6fe00defa2ec76", "text": "Salgira Salgira ( Urdu : سالگرہ ) ( English : Birthday ) is an Urdu-language Pakistani black-and-white film released in 1969 . It is a melodious love story directed by Qamar Zaidi and produced by Najma Hassan and written by Shams Hanafi . The film cast Waheed Murad , Shamim Ara , Tariq Aziz , Santosh Rissal , Nirala , Nighat Sultana and Talish . Included in the soundtrack are two hits songs , Meri zindagi hai naghma , meri zindagi tarana ... and Lay aai phir kahan par qismat hamein kahan se ... sung by Noor Jehan . Asif Ali Zardari , ex-president of Pakistan , acted as the young protagonist Waheed Murad . This is his only known film as a child actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5148336c56a3b34193739abaefed6826", "text": "Indian (2001 film) Indian is a 2001 Hindi crime drama film directed by N. Maharajan and starring Sunny Deol , Shilpa Shetty , Raj Babbar and Mukesh Rishi . A remake of Tamil film Vallarasu starring Vijayakanth , the film had dialogues written by Sanjay Masoom . It opened on 26 October 2001 to excellent collections .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5aa2c69474e9591ba8f0103aa084fa2f", "text": "Naag aur Nagin Naag aur Nagin is a 2005 Pakistani Urdu movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddea11b2afc6e257b07614cb8310faac", "text": "Shortkut Shortkut ( also known as Short Kut : The Con Is On ) is a 2009 Bollywood comedy film directed by Neeraj Vora and produced by Anil Kapoor under Anil Kapoor Films Company . The film stars Akshaye Khanna , Arshad Warsi and Amrita Rao in lead roles . It released on 10 July 2009 worldwide to mostly negative reviews from critics . The film was an uncredited remake of the blockbuster Malayalam film Udayananu Tharam starring Mohanlal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d2493f807fba6fe8b80c90778c5b2ac", "text": "Padikkadavan (2009 film) For the 1985 Tamil movie of the same name , see Padikkadavan ( 1985 film ) Padikkadavan ( Uneducated Man ) is a 2009 Indian Tamil-language action-comedy film written and directed by Suraaj . It stars Dhanush , Tamannaah Bhatia , Vivek , Sayaji Shinde , Pratap Pothan , Suman and Atul Kulkarni in the lead roles and features a huge supporting cast in small pivotal and cameo roles . The film released on 14 January 2009 during Pongal receiving huge positive Response . The film was successful grossing 17 crore in Tamil Nadu and established Dhanush as one of top five saleable heroes of Tamil cinema then . Later the film was dubbed in Hindi as Meri Taqat Mera Faisla 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7555da424ead9821320b5db51a1e950", "text": "Parinayam (1994 film) Parinayam ( English : Wedding ) is a Malayalam -- language film directed by Hariharan and written by M. T. Vasudevan Nair . The key characters are played by Mohini , Vineeth and Manoj.K.Jayan . The film also has a cast of character artists including Thilakan , Nedumudi Venu , Oduvil Unnikrishnan , Jagathy Sreekumar , Sukumari , Jagannatha Varma , Valsala Menon , Bindu Panicker , Bahadoor , Anila and Shanthi Krishna . Parinayam won four national awards ( Best Screenplay , Best Film on Other Social Issues , Best Music Direction and Special Jury Award for Cinematography ) , also won several Kerala State Film Awards and Two Filmfare Awards South . This film deals with the mental and physical agony that a young Namboothiri widow had to undergo for losing her chastity . Parinayam was loosely based on Smarthavicharam ( ritualistic trial for adultery ) of Kuryeddath Thathri , that created a shock among Kerala in early twentieth century that led to the reformation of Namboothiri community . It remains the finest feminist film in Malayalam . The script found the perfect director in Hariharan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05c701f38346db7a56b1fadec2901eeb", "text": "Ramchand Pakistani Ramchand Pakistani ( -LSB- ) is an Urdu-language Pakistani drama film directed by Mehreen Jabbar and produced by Javed Jabbar . The film features Nandita Das , Rashid Farooqi , Syed Fazel Hussain , Maria Wasti and Noman Ijaz in lead roles . The film is based on a true story of a boy who inadvertently crosses the border between Pakistan and India and the following ordeal that his family has to go through . Ramchand Pakistani was also released in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4fb04cfc408e0c0eb9d39d2972ed383", "text": "Moor (film) Moor ( مور , -LSB- , meaning Mother ) is a 2015 Pakistani drama film directed , written by Jami and co-produced by Nazira Ali , Nadeem Mandviwalla and Jami under the production banner of Azad Film Company and Mandviwalla Entertainment . The film stars Hameed Sheikh in lead along with Samiya Mumtaz , Shaz Khan , Nayyar Ejaz , Ayaz Samoo and Abdul Qadir in lead roles . The film 's title , Moor , is a Pashto word meaning `` Mother '' . Moor was previously named as Morqaye . ( maan sahiba ) Film 's story depicts the railway system of Balochistan , especially the closure of Zhob valley railways in 1984 . Besides the movie shows how families are run by the women . According to the director of the movie , the film depicts living through the problems faced by Pakistan . The film was released nationwide by Geo films on August 14 , 2015 ( Pakistan Independence Day ) . It was selected to premiere at 20th Busan International Film Festival . The film was selected as the Pakistani entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards but it was not nominated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c0e41628256ec0e3ec866f65601a7cd", "text": "List of accolades received by Haider (film) Haider is a 2014 Indian crime-drama film directed by Vishal Bhardwaj , and produced by Bhardwaj and Siddharth Roy Kapur . The film stars Shahid Kapoor as the eponymous protagonist , and co-stars Tabu , Kay Kay Menon , Shraddha Kapoor , and Irrfan Khan . Bhardwaj wrote the dialogues for the film , and co-wrote the screenplay with Basharat Peer . Bhardwaj also composed the music and Gulzar wrote the lyrics . The film is a modern-day adaptation of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Hamlet , and tells the story of Haider who searches for his missing father during the Kashmir conflict of 1995 . Produced on a budget of , Haider was released on 2 October 2014 , and grossed worldwide . The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories , with particular praise for its direction , performances of Shahid Kapoor and Tabu , music and production design . As of June 2015 , the film has won 36 awards . At the 62nd National Film Awards , Haider earned five awards , more than any other film at the ceremony , including Best Music Direction and Best Screenplay ( Dialogues ) ( both Bhardwaj ) . Haider also won five awards at the 60th Filmfare Awards ceremony , including Best Actor ( Shahid Kapoor ) , Best Supporting Actor ( Menon ) , and Best Supporting Actress ( Tabu ) . It also received nominations for Best Film and Best Director at the ceremony . At the 2015 Screen Awards , Haider received nominations for Best Film and Best Director , and won five awards , including Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress . Haider also won nine awards at the 16th ceremony of the International Indian Film Academy Awards , including Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3b4bce1509bf34fa47cef75154f3d8c", "text": "Bavagaru Bagunnara? Bavagaru Bagunnara ( Telugu : బావగారూ బాగున్నారా , English : Brother-in-law , Are You Fine ? ) is a Telugu drama film which released on 9 April 1998 and was produced by Nagendra Babu . The film stars Chiranjeevi , Rambha , and Paresh Rawal and was inspired by the Hollywood movie A Walk in the Clouds . The film recorded as Super Hit at box-office . In 2000 , the film was remade into a Bollywood film as Kunwara , starring Govinda and Urmila Matondkar and also in Bangladesh as Jamai Shashur , starring Riaz and Purnima . The film was dubbed in Tamil as Muradan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5f231fe3514e79e51ca54cb9948786f", "text": "Puli Varudhu Puli Varudhu ( English : Tiger is coming ) is a 2007 Tamil film starring Githan Ramesh and Mallika Kapoor in the lead roles , directed by G. V. Kumar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e84b3b106424e7e8977c4ae40c9c700", "text": "Tharu Cinema Tharu cinema refers to films produced in the Tharu language in the Terai or Madhesh region of southern Nepal and Uttar Pradesh , India . The first Tharu talkie film , Karam , was released in around 1988 . Tharu cinema has grown in recent years . Tharu movies are seen across various parts of Asia where second and third generation migrants still speak the language", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1feb6dd1415d8a8f7d9c84b0f68863a0", "text": "Panchavadi Palam Panchavadi palam is a 1984 Malayalam film directed by K. G. George and starring Gopi , and Nedumudi Venu . The screenplay was written by K. G. George , based on a short story of the same name by Veloor Krishnankutty . The film is a satirical comedy with intentionally exaggerated story line and caricature-like characters . The film tries to caricature the political scenario in the state of Kerala and especially corruption by politicians .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e793fd337464f0a983d5b20aacfa39ac	Pirates of the Caribbean (film series) had a successful film.	[ { "docid": "f8f9ecdf603e75989d43dc74f9a4ecbe", "text": "Pirates of the Caribbean (film series) Pirates of the Caribbean is a series of fantasy swashbuckler films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and based on Walt Disney 's theme park ride of the same name . Directors of the series include Gore Verbinski ( 1 -- 3 ) , Rob Marshall ( 4 ) , and Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg ( 5 ) . The series is primarily written by Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio ( 1 -- 4 ) ; other writers include Stuart Beattie ( 1 ) , Jay Wolpert ( 1 ) , and Jeff Nathanson ( 5 ) . The stories follow the adventures of Captain Jack Sparrow ( Johnny Depp ) , Will Turner ( Orlando Bloom ) , and Elizabeth Swann ( Keira Knightley ) . Characters such as Hector Barbossa ( Geoffrey Rush ) and Joshamee Gibbs ( Kevin McNally ) follow Jack , Will , and Elizabeth in the course of the films . The fourth film features Blackbeard ( Ian McShane ) and Angelica ( Penélope Cruz ) , while the fifth film features Armando Salazar ( Javier Bardem ) , Henry Turner ( Brenton Thwaites ) and Carina Smyth ( Kaya Scodelario ) . The films take place in a fictional historical setting ; a world ruled by the British Empire , the East India Trading Company ( based on the real East India Company ) , and the Spanish Empire , with pirates representing freedom from the ruling powers . The film series started in 2003 with Pirates of the Caribbean : The Curse of the Black Pearl , which received positive reviews from the critics and grossed US$ 654 million worldwide . After the first film 's success , Walt Disney Pictures revealed that a trilogy was in the works . The franchise 's second film , subtitled Dead Man 's Chest , was released three years later in 2006 ; the sequel proved successful , breaking financial records worldwide the day of its premiere . Dead Man 's Chest ended up being the number one film of the year upon earning almost $ 1.1 billion at the worldwide box office . The third film in the series , subtitled At World 's End , followed in 2007 , and Disney released a fourth film , subtitled On Stranger Tides , in 2011 in conventional 2D , Digital 3-D and IMAX 3D . On Stranger Tides succeeded in also grossing more than $ 1 billion , becoming the second film in the franchise and only the eighth film in history to achieve this . So far , the film franchise has grossed $ 4 billion worldwide ; it is the ninth highest-grossing film series of all-time and it was the first franchise where more than one film grossed $ 1 billion worldwide .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc1afce6593f08d51ed84b7a9e695e6f", "text": "The Islanders (TV series) The Islanders is an American adventure television series which aired on ABC from 1960 to 1961 , starring William Reynolds , James Philbrook , and Diane Brewster . At the beginning of the series , Sandy Wade ( Reynolds ) and Zack Malloy ( Philbrook ) , co-owners of a Grumman Goose amphibious aircraft , start their one-plane airline in the Moluccas or Spice Islands of the southeastern Pacific Ocean . Throughout the series they experience a variety of adventures where seemingly harmless charter flights put them into danger . They are frequently aided in their endeavours by the unusually-named Wilhelmina '' Steamboat Willy '' Vanderveer ( Brewster ) and Shipwreck Callighan ( Roy Wright ) . The Islanders , primarily sponsored by Liggett & Myers ' Chesterfield cigarettes , aired at 9:30 Eastern time on Sunday evenings opposite The Jack Benny Program and Candid Camera on CBS and the second half of The Dinah Shore Show and the last season of The Loretta Young Show on NBC . William Reynolds stated in an interview , `` The series went from being sort of like a Terry and the Pirates or a Maverick type of concept to becoming just a bunch of people skulking around . It was n't very good . '' After The Islanders , Philbrook co-starred in the 1962-1963 season as a magazine publisher and the love interest of Loretta Young in her short-lived The New Loretta Young Show , which aired Mondays on CBS . Reynolds went on to star in two other ABC series , The Gallant Men , a World War II series , and The FBI with Efrem Zimbalist , Jr. . . Diane Brewster had earlier portrayed gambler `` Samantha Crawford '' in the first two seasons of Maverick ( 1957 ) and appeared in 1957-1958 in the first season of Leave It to Beaver as schoolteacher `` Miss Canfield , '' later replaced by Sue Randall as `` Miss Landers . '' Subsequently in the 1960s , as a favor to writer/producer Roy Huggins , Brewster occasionally portrayed without screen credit the murdered wife `` Helen Kimble '' ( in flashbacks ) in ABC 's The Fugitive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66c97120ee518d63cf90d666c6b0248a", "text": "Terry and the Pirates Terry and the Pirates is the title of : Terry and the Pirates ( comic strip ) , the comic strip created by Milton Caniff Terry and the Pirates ( radio serial ) , a radio serial based on the comic strip Terry and the Pirates ( serial ) , a 1940 serial based on the comic strip Terry and the Pirates ( TV series ) , a television series based on the comic strip Category : Fictional pirates", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50a460dd4b191c74503b0eae967cc6a7", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc7659d5f47df79ec7872d600a7b4215", "text": "Barbary Pirate (film) Barbary Pirate is a 1949 American swashbuckler film starring Donald Woods and Trudy Marshall , directed by Lew Landers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1128e48f313d5c534568124f57fbd6f6", "text": "Environmental impacts of tourism in the Caribbean The economy in the Caribbean region is highly dependent on its tourism industry ; in 2013 , this industry constituted 14 % of their total GDP . This region is largely appealing for the sun , sand , and sea scene . Despite the fact that tourism is very reliant on the natural environment of the region , it has negative environmental impacts . These impacts include marine pollution and degradation , as well as a high demand of water and energy resources . In particular , the degradation of coral reefs has a large impact on the environment of the Caribbean . Environmental damage affects the tourism industry ; therefore , the tourism sector , along with the public sector , makes efforts to protect the environment for economic and ethical reasons . Although these efforts are not always effective , there are continuous efforts for improvement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62a76004cc7c2110bf799438186bc5b9", "text": "James Bond The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming , who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections . Since Fleming 's death in 1964 , eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations : Kingsley Amis , Christopher Wood , John Gardner , Raymond Benson , Sebastian Faulks , Jeffery Deaver , William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz . The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz , published in September 2015 . Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond , and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character , Moneypenny . The character has also been adapted for television , radio , comic strip , video games and film . The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $ 7.040 billion in total , making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date , which started in 1962 with Dr. No , starring Sean Connery as Bond . As of , there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series . The most recent Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond ; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series . There have also been two independent productions of Bond films : Casino Royale ( a 1967 spoof ) and Never Say Never Again ( a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film , Thunderball ) . In 2015 , the franchise was estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion , making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The Bond films are renowned for a number of features , including the musical accompaniment , with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions , and two wins . Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond 's cars , his guns , and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch . The films are also noted for Bond 's relationships with various women , who are sometimes referred to as `` Bond girls '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a0d884640b611e0a62c4efd88fdfec5", "text": "The Boat That Rocked The Boat That Rocked ( retitled Pirate Radio in North America , Good Morning England in France , Radio Rock Revolution in Germany , Рок-волна ( The Rock Wave ) in Russia , and I Love Radio Rock in Italy ) is a 2009 British comedy film written and directed by Richard Curtis , with pirate radio in the United Kingdom during the 1960s as its setting . The film has an ensemble cast featuring Philip Seymour Hoffman , Bill Nighy , Rhys Ifans , Nick Frost , and Kenneth Branagh . Set in 1966 , it tells the story of the fictitious pirate radio station `` Radio Rock '' and its crew of eclectic disc jockeys , who broadcast rock and pop music to the United Kingdom from a ship anchored in the North Sea while the British government endeavours to shut them down . It was produced by Working Title Films for Universal Pictures , and was filmed on the Isle of Portland and at Shepperton Studios . After the world premiere in London 's Leicester Square on 29 March 2009 , the film was released in United Kingdom and Ireland on 1 April 2009 . It was a commercial failure at the British box office , making only US$ 10.1 million in its first three months , just a fifth of its US$ 50 million production cost . It received mixed reviews , with most criticism directed at its muddled storyline and 2 1/4 - hour length . For its North American release the film had its running time cut by 20 minutes , and was retitled Pirate Radio . Opening 13 November 2009 , it was still commercially unsuccessful in the US , earning only US$ 8 million . When the worldwide theatrical run was finished in January 2010 , the film had grossed US$ 36.3 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a810619a1609d18129ebeb1ee6f599f", "text": "Cinema of New Zealand New Zealand cinema can refer to films made by New Zealand-based production companies in New Zealand . However , it may also refer to films made about New Zealand by filmmakers from other countries . In addition , due to the relatively small size of its film industry , many New Zealand-made films are co-productions with companies based in other nations . Film has a long history in New Zealand . The first public screening of a motion picture was in 1896 ; a 1900 documentary is the oldest surviving New Zealand film - and the first feature film made in New Zealand premiered in 1914 . However , although there was a small-scale industry during the 1920s-1960s , it was n't until the 1970s that New Zealand made films were able to attract large-scale audiences . From the 1990s onward , a steady flow on New Zealand made films have had international success , including both those with local funding and themes , and those such as the Lord of the Rings trilogy , made with Hollywood money .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a91057b4bd680afe12cbc264c000aed5", "text": "Rumberas film The rumberas film ( in Spanish cine de rumberas ) was a film genre that flourished in Mexico , in the so-called Golden Age of Mexican cinema in the 1940s and 1950s . These movies starred rumberas , dancers who performed to popular Afro-Caribbean rhythms . With roots in various film styles , the genre is one of the most fascinating hybrids of international cinema . Today , thanks to their unique characteristics , they are considered cult films . The rumberas and the luchador films were two of Mexico 's contributions to international cinema . The rumberas film represented a social view of the world , focused on `` women of the night '' in the 1940s and 1950s , which confronted the moral and social conventions of their time , exhibiting a more realistic look at Mexican society . These were melodramas about the lives of these women , redeemed through exotic dance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e24faf8a9c7e70dd05cb3927a7fccb3", "text": "Morgan Creek Productions Morgan Creek Productions is an American film studio that has released box-office hits including Young Guns , Dead Ringers , Major League , True Romance , Ace Ventura : Pet Detective , The Crush , Robin Hood : Prince of Thieves and The Last of the Mochicans . The studio was co-founded in 1988 by James Robinson and Joe Roth . Robinson leads the company as chairman and CEO . He has two sons Brian Robinson and David C. Robinson who run the day to day operations . In October 2014 , Morgan Creek sold the international distribution rights and copyrights to their films to Revolution Studios . In September 2015 , Morgan Creek began negotiating the sale of rights for the remaining territories , though they will retain remake and TV rights to the Ace Ventura , Major League , Young Guns , and Exorcist franchises . Miramax is currently the digital and television distributor for the pre-2012 Morgan Creek library , via Revolution Studios . The domestic rights to the Morgan Creek library ( with the exception of Young Guns , which still stand with Lionsgate/Vestron Video ) , have since been purchased by Westchester Films/Shout ! Factory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a76fc6a24ce2dd48aa2de128f86b826b", "text": "Davy Jones (Pirates of the Caribbean) Davy Jones is a fictional character in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series , portrayed by Bill Nighy . He appears in the second and third films , Dead Man 's Chest and At World 's End , respectively , and cameos in the series ' fifth installment , Dead Men Tell No Tales . He is the captain of the Flying Dutchman ( based on the ghost ship of the same name ) . The computer-generated imagery used to complete Jones was named by Entertainment Weekly as the tenth favorite computer generated film character in film history , only behind King Kong in 2007 . The work on Davy Jones by Industrial Light and Magic earned them the 2006 Academy Award for Visual Effects for Dead Man 's Chest '' . The character is based on the superstition of Davy Jones ' Locker . In contrast to the historical legends , the film 's Jones is a villain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45f3d91c761b743fd65d4b493e8ceeac", "text": "Children's film A children 's film , or family film , is a film genre that contains children or relates to them in the context of home and family . Children 's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for the general audience , while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind . Children 's films come in several major forms like realism , fantasy , adventure , animation , war , musicals , and literary adaptations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1dbfd1cea9ace7721909ada2d6207b8", "text": "List of British films of 2013 The British film industry produced over five hundred feature films in 2013 . This article fully lists all non-pornographic films , including short films , that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by the United Kingdom . It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2013 . Also included is an overview of the major events in British film , including film festivals and awards ceremonies , as well as lists of those films that were particularly well received , both critically and financially . The year was particularly notable for a number of low budget and independent horror films , such as In Fear , Devil 's Pass , Dementamania and Stalled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45e9fa6eab00c5a68f42b4988adea9c6", "text": "The Saint (film) The Saint is a 1997 espionage thriller DeLuxe Color film in Panavision , starring Val Kilmer in the title role , with Elisabeth Shue and Rade Šerbedžija , directed by Phillip Noyce and written by Jonathan Hensleigh and Wesley Strick . The title character is a high tech thief and master of disguise that becomes the anti-hero while using the moniker of various saints while paradoxically living in the underworld of international industrial theft . The film was a financial success with a worldwide box office of $ 169.4 million , rentals of $ 28.2 million , and continuous DVD sales . It is loosely based on the character of Simon Templar created by Leslie Charteris in 1928 for a series of books published as `` The Saint '' , which ran until 1983 . The Saint character has also featured in a series of Hollywood movies made between 1938 and 1954 , a 1940s radio series starring Vincent Price ( and others ) as Templar , a popular British television series of the 1960s which starred Roger Moore , and a 1970s series starring Ian Ogilvy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e27d4139c27a4229ff43bb411fb1d63a", "text": "The Black Pirates The Black Pirates is a 1954 Ansco Color adventure film made by Salvador Films Corp. about a band of pirates scouring a small Central American town for a buried treasure . It was directed by Allen H. Miner and produced from a screenplay by Fred Freiberger and Al C. Ward based on the story by Johnston McCulley . The film stars Anthony Dexter and Martha Roth with Robert Clarke , Toni Gerry and Lon Chaney Jr. . . The tagline of the movie was `` Wild Raiders of the Tropic Seas ! '' . It was filmed on location in Panchimalco , El Salvador . Filming started in mid-June 1954 and the movie was released in December and distributed in Latin America under the title El Pirata Negro . The Black Pirates was the first film that Cinema Research Corporation was hired to do the special effects for .", "title": "" } ]	fever
15fedcb03a2b8b1f6d070948ab1860f6	Judd Apatow has been nominated for an award.	[ { "docid": "448dffeca6db7e5486b94398bfa57b40", "text": "Judd Apatow Judd Apatow ( -LSB- ˈæpətaʊ -RSB- born December 6 , 1967 ) is an American film producer , writer , director , actor , and comedian . He is the founder of Apatow Productions , through which he produced and developed the television series Freaks and Geeks , Undeclared , Girls , Love , Crashing and directed the films The 40-Year-Old Virgin ( 2005 ) , Knocked Up ( 2007 ) , Funny People ( 2009 ) , This Is 40 ( 2012 ) , and Trainwreck ( 2015 ) . Apatow 's work has won numerous awards including a Primetime Emmy Award ( for The Ben Stiller Show ) , a Hollywood Comedy Award , and an AFI Award for Bridesmaids ( 2011 ) . His films have also been nominated for Grammy Awards , PGA Awards , Golden Globe Awards , and Academy Awards . Also known for producing hit films such as The Cable Guy ( 1996 ) , Anchorman : The Legend of Ron Burgundy ( 2004 ) , Talladega Nights : The Ballad of Ricky Bobby ( 2006 ) , Superbad ( 2007 ) , Forgetting Sarah Marshall ( 2008 ) , Step Brothers ( 2008 ) , Pineapple Express ( 2008 ) , Get Him to the Greek ( 2010 ) , Bridesmaids ( 2011 ) , The Five-Year Engagement ( 2012 ) , and Anchorman 2 : The Legend Continues ( 2013 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2de615d218764aca1039ae71fbcd70db", "text": "20th Satellite Awards The 20th Satellite Awards is an award ceremony honoring the year 's outstanding performers , films , and television shows , presented by the International Press Academy . It took place on February 21 , 2016 . The nominations were announced on December 1 , 2015 . The film The Martian leads all nominees with nine , including Best Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b41f024961c17098138c2682514f40d2", "text": "Political Film Society Award for Exposé The Political Film Society Award for exposé is given out each year to a film that has an investigative depth into a subject matter and often exposes surprising information on the subject . This award has been handed out by the Society since 1988 . Depending on the number of films that qualify , as few as one films has been nominated for this award before but as many as fourteen have been nominated in years past . The film that first won this award was A Cry in the Dark in 1988 that was directed by Fred Schepisi . The award , as with any other Political Film Society Award , can go to a mainstream film , independent film , or even an international film . The Political Film Society looks at a broad selection of films before it nominates them for an award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46b4bfb03a462e2987506adf96f42928", "text": "Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Editing The Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Editing is one of the annual film awards given by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b669d0ba5e944cea5535775e81d643bd", "text": "NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Independent Motion Picture This page lists the winners and nominees for the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Independent Motion Picture . This award has been given since 2005 and several films have been nominated for or won the Academy Award for Best Picture . These are listed with a symbol beside them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d11152d122e2bfab5756249659d19f87", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Picture Editing for a Nonfiction Program The Primetime Emmy Award for Picture Editing for a Nonfiction Program is awarded to one television documentary or nonfiction series each year . Prior to 2006 , nonfiction and reality programs competed together until the Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming category was created . In the following list , the first titles listed in gold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d84599382c32d6dd2ae245d3a051593", "text": "World Soundtrack Award – Public Choice The Public Choice Award for the Best Score of the Year is an award by the World Soundtrack Academy . Each year , the general public votes for the nominees and the award is presented at the annual World Soundtrack Awards . The category has existed since 2001 , but there was not a winner nor a vote for 2003 's ceremony . In 2016 , the International Film Music Critics Association partnered with WSA in choosing the shortlist of nominees , selecting 30 scores representing the most outstanding works . The five nominees receiving the most votes became the final candidates for the award , with the winner announced at the awards gala .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4389b02cdbcb2df2d990a318243983c8", "text": "Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay The Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay is one of the annual awards given by the Chicago Film Critics Association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba5fae7cfd0fb8d9c3562dfc89537211", "text": "AACTA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Television Screen Craft The AACTA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Television Screen Craft is a special discretionary award , presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) for achievements in television screen crafts , in fields excluding acting , direction , producing and screenwriting . The award was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , from 2006 to 2010 , at the Australian Film Institute Awards ( known commonly as the AFI Awards ) . In the following tables , from 2000-2006 winners are listed first , in boldface and highlighted in gold ; those listed below the winner that are not in boldface or highlighted are the nominees ; from 2007 , onwards , the award was presented as a special award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f554a07e52c5944ae5abe12ed30f500c", "text": "APA International Humanitarian Award The APA International Humanitarian Award is an award of the American Psychological Association that `` recognizes extraordinary humanitarian service and activism by a psychologist or a team of psychologists , including professional and/or volunteer work conducted primarily in the field with underserved populations . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4b8f1aba9dc803d1cf199d65be6e3e6", "text": "Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play The Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play is an honor presented at the Tony Awards , a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre , to actors for quality leading roles in a Broadway play . The awards are named after Antoinette Perry , an American actress who died in 1946 . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the Tony Award Productions , a joint venture of The Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing , to `` honor the best performances and stage productions of the previous year . '' Despite the award first being presented in 1947 , there were no nominees announced until 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27726fe7d561dd1b0bc850d17bba2d94", "text": "California Film Awards The California Film Awards is a film awards ceremony that offers awards in the categories of Best Picture , Actor , Actress , Cinematography , Directing , First-Time Directors , Editing , Screenplay , Animation , Art Design , Music Videos , Short Films , Experimental Films , Student Films , California Films , Foreign Films , Documentaries and Feature Narratives . Only independent films are eligible .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a811888a7c431f8479828e48a86816f", "text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series . This award and Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series replaced Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Series in 2003 . As of 2015 , no show has won this award more than once except for The Office , which has won twice ( 2007 and 2013 ) . In the following list , the first titles listed in gold and bold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place : __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4e33e0783b7bc602829680867a7521a", "text": "Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award The Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards is an annual awards program presented by the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle ( LADCC ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8938a970761eccd515ea678bfeeb5283", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The Olivier Awards are the most prestigious theatrical awards in the United Kingdom and are the UK equivalent of the Tony Awards . Until 2015 , the Olivier Awards did not honour supporting musical performances separately and was therefore a unisex category , honouring both male and female actors . Starting with the 2015 ceremony , the awards have been separated into Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical and Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3ec9d899eca67259ed9f51856f87b4f", "text": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 . Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated . Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees . Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ae12dec699977fffdbf310bd1fd62a7", "text": "Producers Guild of America Award for Best Animated Motion Picture The Producers Guild of America Award for Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Pictures is an award annually given since 2005 . Of all the 12 films awarded , 8 have gone on to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601c999353b05e482bdc578bda7fd3f5", "text": "38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each . In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4afd3943582c02d37d158421ab699ec2	The Shape of Water (film) is an upcoming American film.	[ { "docid": "daba77c0ff470b8043b2469181057325", "text": "The Shape of Water (film) The Shape of Water is an upcoming American fantasy adventure film directed by Guillermo del Toro and written by del Toro and Vanessa Taylor . The film stars Sally Hawkins , Michael Shannon , Richard Jenkins , Doug Jones , Lauren Lee Smith , Michael Stuhlbarg , and Octavia Spencer . It is scheduled for release in December 8 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8286ee7c8e2c1ce73c57414343e24ee5", "text": "Deep Water (film) Deep Water is a documentary film , directed by Jerry Rothwell and Louise Osmond , produced by Jonny Persey , opening in the UK on 15 December 2006 . It is based on the true story of Donald Crowhurst and the 1969 Sunday Times Golden Globe Race round the world alone in a yacht . The film has received critical acclaim . The official poster quotes The Daily Telegraph , `` A movie which will reduce the hardest of hearts to a shipwreck '' . The film won the Best Documentary award at the 2006 Rome International Film Festival and a commendation in the Australian Film Critics Association 2007 Film Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a218c8f921cc5b3937e60c83c8fdefa", "text": "True to the Game (film) True to the Game is an upcoming American drama film , directed by Preston A. Whitmore , II from a screenplay by Nia Hill . It is an adaptation of the novel of the same name by Teri Woods . The film stars Columbus Short , Andra Fuller , Vivica A. Fox , Nelsan Ellis , and Jennifer Freeman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd3765b9657299ab8589cf2b0eabed92", "text": "Catman (film) Catman is an upcoming South Korean-Chinese romantic-fantasy film directed by Park Hee-Gon and starring Wu Qian and Song Weilong . The movie is scheduled to be released in autumn of 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff0dde8cedb48a89c495095719bf38a3", "text": "Mr. Roosevelt (film) Mr. Roosevelt is an American comedy film written and directed by Noël Wells in her directorial debut . It stars Wells , Nick Thune , Britt Lower , Danielle Pineda Andre Hyland , Doug Benson , Armen Weitzman and Sergio Cilli . The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 12 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2caa443248add80d7ac30f7982ce40c7", "text": "Wind River (2017 film) Wind River is a 2017 American thriller film directed and written by Taylor Sheridan in his directorial debut . The film stars Jeremy Renner , Elizabeth Olsen , Jon Bernthal and Kelsey Asbille . It premiered at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival . It is scheduled to be released on August 4 , 2017 , by The Weinstein Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "473d3e8d3a11d11f3a434a9c6fc87e86", "text": "The Water's Edge The Water 's Edge is a studio album by Australian singer songwriter Rick Price . The album was released on 18 September 2011 through Clarice Records . It was Price 's first album of new recordings since A Million Miles in 2003 . Price toured the album throughout Australia in April/March in 2012 and again in July/August 2013 . The album featured three singles , including the title track , `` Shape of my Heart '' and `` Im Coming Home ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f3fc15231212347b97a74e221d28744", "text": "Waterborne (film) Waterborne is a 2005 independent film by Indian American film maker Ben Rekhi about the fates of three different groups of people after a terrorist attack pollutes the water supply of Los Angeles , resulting in a severe water shortage . It stars Christopher Masterson , Ajay Naidu , Jake Muxworthy , Jon Gries , Christopher Berry , Shabana Azmi and Mageina Tovah . The score was written and performed by Dredg . It was the first feature film available for purchase on at the Google video store and won the Special Audience Award at the SXSW Film Festival in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaeccf72e6adbf686c02d41c7f3937c2", "text": "The Dream of Water The Dream of Water ( in Persian : Khab-e Ab ) is a 2016 Iranian drama film directed by Farhad Mehranfar . It has been shot in the desert areas of Mehriz/Yazd in Iran , and more than half of the film takes place in the underground labyrinth of ancient step wells . Its first opening was on 15 May 2016 in Cannes film festival market ( Marché du Film ) and Iran International Green film Festival ( iigff ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74e47255cdc858f93b6c54c9bfcbe9cb", "text": "LBJ (film) LBJ is a 2017 American political drama film directed by Rob Reiner and written by Joey Hartstone . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Richard Jenkins , Bill Pullman , Kim Allen , Michael Stahl-David , Jennifer Jason Leigh , Jeffrey Donovan , Doug McKeon , and Michael Mosley . Filming began on September 21 , 2015 in New Orleans . It was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival . On October 12 , 2016 at the 27th edition of the New Orleans Film Festival , Rob Reiner accepted the inaugural Career Achievement Award from LBJ lead actor Woody Harrelson . LBJ made a second film festival showing in less than a month . On May 2 , 2017 , it was announced that Dean Devlin 's Electric Entertainment had acquired all of the film 's North American rights and that the film would be released in 2017 . It was then announced on May 4 that the film would be released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2395923740dcc1ab2e1e610d7926da38", "text": "Youth in Oregon Youth in Oregon is a 2016 American comedy-drama film directed by Joel David Moore . The film stars Frank Langella , Billy Crudup , Christina Applegate , Nicola Peltz , Mary Kay Place , and Josh Lucas . The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 16 , 2016 . The film was released in theaters on February 3 , 2017 , by Orion Pictures and Samuel Goldwyn Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def0aedff5557d0ee35128535de300bd", "text": "American Film Institute The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States . AFI is supported by private funding and public membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ade99d2262e61833a635fb8d67214608", "text": "Andrea Fellers Andrea Fellers is an American artist , film director , and producer . She produced and directed The Truth About You ( 2014 ) and created artwork for the movie , which was included in a solo art exhibit `` Hollywood Love Letters '' at the ArcLight in Hollywood , California . The exhibit included several of her earlier works , as well as commissioned pieces in which she did abstract interpretations of movies that influence her . She began her career in the film industry as an actress , and has appeared opposite Amy Smart , Sean Hayes , Laura Cayouette and Richard Dreyfus . In 2009 , Fellers was one of seven filmmakers chosen to direct and produce an experimental film based on a song from the Linda Perhacs album , Parallelograms . Fellers incorporated all elements of nature in `` Call of the River '' and created in-camera effects by shooting reflections of nature and water in mirrors and other reflective objects . `` Call of the River '' premiered at the Redcat Disney Hall Theatre in Los Angeles during `` Thought Forms & Parallelograms : An Evening of Visual Music With Linda Perhacs and Friends . '' Fellers produced the film Isle of Dogs ( 2014 ) which starred Andrew Howard and Barbara Nedeljáková .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5db2ccd6339cf92a9c0db5bfbc805187", "text": "It's Tomorrow - The Film Its Tomorrow is an upcoming Indian film about Climate Change written by Dr. Rajeshkumar Acharya and is being directed by Zanane Rajsingh . The film is being jointly produced Nanoland Group ( USA & India ) . It is being produced in two parts in the USA along with breath-taking visuals shot in natural calamity occurring regions of the world including Japan , Tibet , Philippines , Argentina , Iceland and India . It will be dubbed in nine languages and is scheduled to release in November 2014 . It will be dubbed in nine languages and is scheduled to release 2015 - 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eee5cc2b389c67b8529bdbc181a249b", "text": "Person to Person (film) Person to Person is an American drama film directed and written by Dustin Guy Defa . The film stars Michael Cera , Tavi Gevinson , and Abbi Jacobson . The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20 , 2017 . It is scheduled to be released on July 28 , 2017 , by Magnolia Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74698863dd95e34b584d210fa5a27623", "text": "Instinct (2017 TV series) Instinct is an upcoming American drama television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e0c514e4846cbda4f4ac03f9372ae9d", "text": "Villa Capri Villa Capri is an upcoming American action comedy film directed and written by Ron Shelton . The film stars Morgan Freeman , Tommy Lee Jones , Rene Russo and Elizabeth Ashley . It is scheduled for release by Broad Green Pictures on November 22 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8308e801fad44d649bf01fafdaafcb", "text": "The Happening (2008 film) The Happening is a 2008 American thriller film written , co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and stars Mark Wahlberg , Zooey Deschanel , John Leguizamo , and Betty Buckley . The film follows a man , his wife , his best friend and his friend 's daughter as they try to escape from an inexplicable natural disaster . The film was advertised as being Shyamalan 's first R-rated film ; it received mostly negative reviews from critics on Metacritic and grossed $ 163 million worldwide .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c2560c36919cfc08b266b2b4b21cbfc3	Wuthering Heights featured Laurence Olivier.	[ { "docid": "545584766a69a9614aa874152faaa2bd", "text": "Laurence Olivier Laurence Kerr Olivier , Baron Olivier , ( -LSB- ˈlɒrəns_kɜr_ɒˈlɪvieɪ -RSB- 22 May 1907 -- 11 July 1989 ) , was an English actor who , along with his contemporaries Ralph Richardson and John Gielgud , dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century . He also worked in films throughout his career , playing more than fifty cinema roles . Late in his career , he had considerable success in television roles . His family had no theatrical connections , but Olivier 's father , a clergyman , decided that his son should become an actor . After attending a drama school in London , Olivier learned his craft in a succession of acting jobs during the late 1920s . In 1930 he had his first important West End success in Noël Coward 's Private Lives , and he appeared in his first film . In 1935 he played in a celebrated production of Romeo and Juliet alongside Gielgud and Peggy Ashcroft , and by the end of the decade he was an established star . In the 1940s , together with Richardson and John Burrell , Olivier was the co-director of the Old Vic , building it into a highly respected company . There his most celebrated roles included Shakespeare 's Richard III and Sophocles 's Oedipus . In the 1950s Olivier was an independent actor-manager , but his stage career was in the doldrums until he joined the avant garde English Stage Company in 1957 to play the title role in The Entertainer , a part he later played on film . From 1963 to 1973 he was the founding director of Britain 's National Theatre , running a resident company that fostered many future stars . His own parts there included the title role in Othello ( 1964 ) and Shylock in The Merchant of Venice ( 1970 ) . Among Olivier 's films are Wuthering Heights ( 1939 ) , Rebecca ( 1940 ) , and a trilogy of Shakespeare films as actor-director : Henry V ( 1944 ) , Hamlet ( 1948 ) , and Richard III ( 1955 ) . His later films included Sleuth ( 1972 ) , Marathon Man ( 1976 ) , and The Boys from Brazil ( 1978 ) . His television appearances included an adaptation of The Moon and Sixpence ( 1960 ) , Long Day 's Journey into Night ( 1973 ) , Love Among the Ruins ( 1975 ) , Cat on a Hot Tin Roof ( 1976 ) , Brideshead Revisited ( 1981 ) and King Lear ( 1983 ) . Olivier 's honours included a knighthood ( 1947 ) , a life peerage ( 1970 ) and the Order of Merit ( 1981 ) . For his on-screen work he received four Academy Awards , two British Academy Film Awards , five Emmy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards . The National Theatre 's largest auditorium is named in his honour , and he is commemorated in the Laurence Olivier Awards , given annually by the Society of London Theatre . He was married three times , to the actresses Jill Esmond from 1930 to 1940 , Vivien Leigh from 1940 to 1960 , and Joan Plowright from 1961 until his death .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2227ab834f2434a56ea7f9dd5140e677", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4b8f1aba9dc803d1cf199d65be6e3e6", "text": "Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play The Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play is an honor presented at the Tony Awards , a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre , to actors for quality leading roles in a Broadway play . The awards are named after Antoinette Perry , an American actress who died in 1946 . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the Tony Award Productions , a joint venture of The Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing , to `` honor the best performances and stage productions of the previous year . '' Despite the award first being presented in 1947 , there were no nominees announced until 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7edf40c04c99285584ae7f393107489", "text": "English Shakespeare Company The English Shakespeare Company was an English theatre company founded in 1986 by Michael Bogdanov and Michael Pennington to present and promote the works of William Shakespeare on both a national and an international level . Its inaugural production ( 1986 ) was an anthology entitled The Henrys ( Henry IV , Part 1 , Henry IV , Part 2 , and Henry V ) which opened at the Theatre Royal , Plymouth in December 1986 . A year later , several more plays ( Richard II , Henry VI : House of Lancaster , Henry VI : House of York and Richard III ) were added to the original productions and were presented as a complete history cycle under the title of The Wars of the Roses . The production toured for two years in seventeen venues in the UK including the Old Vic in London , as well as appearing at several international venues , including the Hong Kong Festival , opening the new Tokyo Globe Theatre , being the centrepiece of The World Theatre Festival of Chicago , and touring to Stamford , Connecticut , the Spoleto Festival , Melbourne , the Adelaide Festival , Brisbane , The Netherlands , Hamburg , Berlin and Frankfurt . In addition to The Wars of the Roses , productions of many individual Shakespeare plays were also presented . They included Twelfth Night , Macbeth , The Tempest , Romeo & Juliet , Antony and Cleopatra and As You Like It . The last production of ROMEO AND JULIET . indeed the closing production ended in Plymouth after touring the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b60c17dcd37553dda4ac0ab104ac1ea9", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The award was first given in 1977 but in the years following was often given as a singular award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57ed520d1fa0b3e975e9c635fb691b08", "text": "Three Days (of Hamlet) Three Days ( of Hamlet ) is an American documentary film from independent production company TMG , The Martindale Group , based in Los Angeles , California . TMG previously produced `` Pursuit of Happiness '' in 2000 starring Frank Whaley and Annabeth Gish . Three Days ( of Hamlet ) covers a troupe of actors , and others , who gather to rehearse and perform a staged-reading of William Shakespeare 's Tragedy of Hamlet at the Matrix Theatre in West Hollywood , California during three days in July 2010 . Reality intrudes . Alex Rotaru , Director of the documentary film Shakespeare High , in a personal message to the film 's creator , actor/director Alex Hyde-White , says about Three Days ( of Hamlet ) ' ... jaw-droppingly ambitious and often brilliant ... It was such an exquisite pleasure to learn something new about the play of all plays through your eyes . The pressure cooker in which you put yourself and your fellow actors was truly an ultimate test - I felt butterflies in my stomach just watching it . If Hamlet urges his actors to `` hold a mirror up to nature '' , you hold a mirror up to the mirror itself , doing what the French call ` mise en abime ' , or loosely : ` looking into the abyss of infinite reflections ' The film builds on its main structure of on-stage happenings by juxtaposing stories from the players , including actors Richard Chamberlain ( Polonius ) , Stefanie Powers ( Gertrude ) , Tom Badal ( Claudius ) , Peter Woodward ( Laertes/Player King ) and Joseph Culp ( Himself ) . The lead actor/manager Alex Hyde-White weaves his own personal dramatic narrative about `` Fathers and Sons '' as he recalls stories from his childhood as the son of the well-known British actor Wilfrid Hyde-White . At times , particularly when the character of Hamlet experiences the visitations from his father 's ghost , King Hamlet , the line of what is theatre and what is real life is purposely `` deconstructed '' and what happens onstage is commented on offstage resulting in a self-reflective dynamic of sometimes very powerful and moving proportions . Later , as the Son becomes the Father , a clear line of succession emerges in a profound , archetypal , way .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74f93e0245e849115ba87937befaf348", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Laurence Olivier . The award was originally entitled Play of the Year but was later renamed in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "021e41c472bc90a5826767c1aa7e065f", "text": "Vivien Leigh Vivien Leigh ( born Vivian Mary Hartley , and also known as Lady Olivier after 1947 ; 5 November 19138 July 1967 ) was a British stage and film actress . She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress for her performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , a role she had also played on stage in London 's West End in 1949 . She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich ( 1963 ) . After her drama school education , Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in Fire Over England ( 1937 ) . Lauded for her beauty , Leigh felt that her physical attributes sometimes prevented her from being taken seriously as an actress . Despite her fame as a screen actress , Leigh was primarily a stage performer . During her 30-year career , she played roles ranging from the heroines of Noël Coward and George Bernard Shaw comedies to classic Shakespearean characters such as Ophelia , Cleopatra , Juliet , and Lady Macbeth . Later in life , she performed as a character actress in a few films . At the time , the public strongly identified Leigh with her second husband Laurence Olivier , who was her spouse from 1940 to 1960 . Leigh and Olivier starred together in many stage productions , with Olivier often directing , and in three films . She earned a reputation for being difficult to work with , and for much of her adult life she suffered from bipolar disorder as well as recurrent bouts of chronic tuberculosis , which was first diagnosed in the mid-1940s and ultimately claimed her life at the age of 53 . Although her career had periods of inactivity , in 1999 the American Film Institute ranked Leigh as the 16th greatest female movie star of classic Hollywood cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51443c65879c749722e1de7f0287dfdc", "text": "Ralph Richardson Sir Ralph David Richardson ( 19 December 1902 -- 10 October 1983 ) was an English actor who , along with his contemporaries John Gielgud and Laurence Olivier , dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century . He worked in films throughout most of his career , and played more than sixty cinema roles . From an artistic but not theatrical background , Richardson had had no thought of a stage career until a production of Hamlet in Brighton inspired him to become an actor . He learned his craft in the 1920s with a touring company and later the Birmingham Repertory Theatre . In 1931 he joined the Old Vic , playing mostly Shakespearean roles . He led the company the following season , succeeding Gielgud , who had taught him much about stage technique . After he left the company , a series of leading roles took him to stardom in the West End and on Broadway . In the 1940s , together with Olivier and John Burrell , Richardson was the co-director of the Old Vic company . There , his most celebrated roles included Peer Gynt and Falstaff . He and Olivier led the company to Europe and Broadway in 1945 and 1946 , before their success provoked resentment among the governing board of the Old Vic , leading to their dismissal from the company in 1947 . In the 1950s , in the West End and occasionally on tour , Richardson played in modern and classic works including The Heiress , Home at Seven , and Three Sisters . He continued on stage and in films until shortly before his sudden death at the age of eighty . He was celebrated in later years for his work with Peter Hall 's National Theatre and his frequent stage partnership with Gielgud . He was not known for his portrayal of the great tragic roles in the classics , preferring character parts in old and new plays . Richardson 's film career began as an extra in 1931 . He was soon cast in leading roles in British and American films including Things to Come ( 1936 ) , The Fallen Idol ( 1948 ) , Long Day 's Journey into Night ( 1962 ) and Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . He received nominations and awards in the UK , Europe and the US for his stage and screen work from 1948 until his death . Richardson was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , first for The Heiress ( 1949 ) and again ( posthumously ) for his final film , Greystoke : The Legend of Tarzan , Lord of the Apes ( 1984 ) . Throughout his career , and increasingly in later years , Richardson was known for his eccentric behaviour on and off stage . He was often seen as detached from conventional ways of looking at the world , and his acting was regularly described as poetic or magical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f2fcc8b202de7b3df3e1d67a2ff2e06", "text": "Stratford Shakespeare Festival production history This page describes the production history of the Stratford Shakespeare Festival . The Stratford Shakespeare Festival ( formerly known as the Stratford Shakespearean Festival and the Stratford Festival of Canada ) is a summer-long celebration of theatre held each year in Stratford , Ontario . Theatre-goers , actors , and playwrights flock to Stratford to take part -- many of the greatest Canadian , American and British actors have played roles at Stratford . It was one of the first and is still one of the most prominent arts festivals in Canada . The Festival 's primary mandate is to present productions of Shakespeare 's plays , but it also produces a wide variety of theatre from Greek tragedy to Broadway musicals to contemporary works . By 2017 , only three of the 14 productions were based on Shakespeare 's works . The following is a chronological list of the productions that have been staged as part of the Stratford Festival since its inception . On February 17 , 2015 , AP News reported that the Stratford Shakespeare Festival plans to film all of Shakespeare 's plays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c6b75d232d605a21d273483bbab25a", "text": "Timeline of Shakespeare criticism Timeline of Shakespeare criticism is an informal term that presents a chronological collection of critical quotations about William Shakespeare and his works , which illustrate the article Shakespeare 's reputation . Shakespeare enjoyed recognition in his own time , but in the 17th century , poets and authors began to consider him as the supreme dramatist and poet of all times of the English language . In fact , even today , no other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the British ( and later the world ) stage as Shakespeare Since then , several editors and critics of theater began to focus on the dramatic text and the language of Shakespeare , creating a study that focused on extracting all the power of his literary texts , being used in studies on the printed page rather than in the theater . This attitude reached a high point with the Romantics , which saw his figure as a genius , prophet , and Bard -- and continued important in the last century , receiving analysis not only by poets and authors , but also by psychoanalysts , psychologists and philosophers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6105aa37458c437cb4b2e2d9c5702b81", "text": "Haymarket Theatre (Leicester) The Haymarket Theatre is a theatre in Leicester , England , based in the Haymarket Shopping Centre on Belgrave Gate in Leicester city centre . The Leicester City Council purchased a 99-year lease of the Haymarket Theatre on behalf of the public on 29 September 1974 . The Leicester Theatre Trust operated the theatre from this date then vacated in 2007 in favour of the new Curve Theatre , Leicester on Halford Street . The Metal Tree sculpture by Hubert Dalwood , located at the front of the entrance to the Haymarket Theatre , is the only major piece of abstract sculpture in the city centre . The Haymarket Theatre was opened by Sir Ralph Richardson and the opening season started with The Recruiting Officer on the 17th October 1973 , Economic Necessity on the 24th of October and Cabaret on the 21st of November . The last show on was Wizard of Oz starring Helena Blackman and Ceri Dupree in 2006 . On 3 June 2016 plans were announced to re-open the Haymarket Theatre as a performance and training venue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04d563bcde9714a8d44a06d7c7d7242e", "text": "Globe to Globe Festival The Globe to Globe Festival ran from 23 April to 9 June 2012 as part of the World Shakespeare Festival , itself part of the 2012 Cultural Olympiad . The festival 's director was Tom Bird . The Globe to Globe Festival hosted 37 productions of Shakespeare 's plays in 37 different languages over a six-week period . The festival was primarily intended to be an experiment with foreign language Shakespeare in the languages of London , however , it also aimed to discover how important Shakespeare is to the rest of the world . The Festival was recorded through blog responses on the Theatre 's own website and on the Year of Shakespeare blog . More than 100,000 people attended the performances , 80 % of whom had not previously been to the Globe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2982d0eee0e206f8a2743c3e737a0f74", "text": "An Englishman Abroad An Englishman Abroad is a 1983 BBC television drama film , based on the true story of a chance meeting of actress Coral Browne , with Guy Burgess ( Alan Bates ) , a member of the Cambridge spy ring who spied for the Soviet Union while an officer at MI6 . The production was written by Alan Bennett and directed by John Schlesinger ; Browne stars as herself . The film is set is Moscow in 1958 , after Burgess had defected to the Soviet Union in 1951 with Donald Maclean when it became apparent that Maclean was about to be investigated by British intelligence . Burgess barges into Browne 's dressing room in the interval of a touring Shakespeare Memorial Theatre ( which became one of the bases of the Royal Shakespeare Company ) production of Hamlet , in which she portrayed Gertrude , and charms her . Later on she is invited to his Moscow flat , finding it with some difficulty , to measure him for a suit that he would like ordered from his London tailor . Several plot changes were made from the true story told by Browne to Bennett . Burgess in fact threw up in the dressing room of Michael Redgrave , who asked for Browne 's help . Redgrave documented the incident in his biography . The play also contained scenes in Moscow 's British Embassy and in London shops where Browne encountered resistance to helping Burgess , none of which happened in reality . Rather than film in the Soviet Union , Schlesinger used several locations in Scotland . The Caird Hall and Whitehall Theatre in Dundee stood in for the Moscow theatre , and the grand marble staircase of Glasgow City Chambers played the part of the British Embassy . Additional filming was done at Glasgow 's St. Andrew 's Suspension Bridge ( `` luckily , in a snowstorm '' Bennett later wrote ) and the Moss Heights flats in Cardonald , which represented Burgess ' Moscow apartment . Both Browne and Bates were winners of the BAFTA awards for acting for their roles in this production . Bennett gives the date of Browne 's meeting with Burgess as 1958 in the introduction to his Single Spies , which contains the text of An Englishman Abroad in the stage play version and the text of A Question of Attribution about Anthony Blunt . The play was also adapted for radio on the BBC World Service in 1994 starring Michael Gambon as Burgess and Penelope Wilton as Coral Browne . It was subsequently re-broadcast on BBC Radio 7 and BBC Radio 4 Extra , most recently in 2013 as part of BBC Radio 4 Extra 's Cambridge Spies season . On the BFI TV 100 , a list compiled in 2000 by the British Film Institute ( BFI ) , chosen by a poll of industry professionals , to determine what were the greatest British television programmes of any genre ever to have been screened , An Englishman Abroad was listed at no. 30 on the list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602", "text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60dbd4318b3508891cdfacedf7883fed", "text": "Three Sisters (1970 Olivier film) Three Sisters is a 1970 British drama film starring Alan Bates , Laurence Olivier and Joan Plowright , based on the 1900 play by Anton Chekhov . Olivier also directed , with co-director John Sichel . The film was based on a theatre production that Olivier directed at the Royal National Theatre in 1967 . It had its U.S. release as part of the American Film Theatre series in 1974 . It was the final feature film directed by Olivier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54677e48ec5f13e975ae528b7b6bbdf1", "text": "Gavin Lee Gavin Lee ( born 15 October 1971 ) is an English actor who has appeared on the stage in musical theatre , notably in the musical Mary Poppins , in both the West End and on Broadway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87344d0c18a98eb692a1dc15f57b74fc", "text": "Royal Shakespeare Company The Royal Shakespeare Company ( RSC ) is a major British theatre company , based in Stratford-upon-Avon , Warwickshire , England . The company employs over 1000 staff and produces around 20 productions a year . The RSC plays regularly in London , Newcastle upon Tyne and on tour across the UK and internationally . The company 's home is in Stratford-upon-Avon , where it has recently redeveloped its Royal Shakespeare and Swan theatres as part of a # 112.8-million `` Transformation '' project . The theatres re-opened in November 2010 , having closed in 2007 . The new buildings attracted 18,000 visitors within the first week and received a positive media response both upon opening , and following the first full Shakespeare performances . Performances in Stratford-upon-Avon continued throughout the Transformation project at the temporary Courtyard Theatre . As well as the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries , the RSC produces new work from living artists and develops creative links with theatre-makers from around the world , as well as working with teachers to inspire a lifelong love of William Shakespeare in young people and running events for everyone to explore and participate in its work . The RSC celebrated its fiftieth birthday season from April -- December 2011 , with two companies of actors presenting the first productions designed specifically for the new Royal Shakespeare and Swan Theatre stages . The 2011-season began with performances of Macbeth and a re-imagined lost play The History of Cardenio . The fiftieth birthday season also featured The Merchant of Venice with Sir Patrick Stewart and revivals of some of the RSC 's greatest plays , including a new staging of Marat/Sade . For the London 2012 Festival as part of the Cultural Olympiad , the RSC produced the World Shakespeare Festival , featuring artists from across the world performing in venues around the UK . In 2013 the company began live screenings of its Shakespeare productions -- called Live from Stratford-upon-Avon -- which are screened around the world . In 2016 , the company collaborated with Intel and The Imaginarium Studios to stage The Tempest , bringing performance capture to the Royal Shakespeare Theatre for the very first time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8938a970761eccd515ea678bfeeb5283", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The Olivier Awards are the most prestigious theatrical awards in the United Kingdom and are the UK equivalent of the Tony Awards . Until 2015 , the Olivier Awards did not honour supporting musical performances separately and was therefore a unisex category , honouring both male and female actors . Starting with the 2015 ceremony , the awards have been separated into Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical and Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d51e93def3c33fc71f8fc7c7bf71e82d", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . From 1997 to 2007 , the award was presented as Outstanding Musical Production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4070bd9d6028a4a7930f7b91d359760f", "text": "The Libertine (album) The Libertine : Music for the Film by Laurence Dunmore is the album release of Michael Nyman 's score for the 2004 film The Libertine ( 2004 film ) directed by Laurence Dunmore . It is the third release on Nyman 's own label , MN Records , and the first to receive distribution in the United States , by Inner Knot Records . It is his 50th album release overall . When Naxos Records began distributing MN Records in the United States in 2008 , it was included and began appearing in large quantitites in stores . This is Nyman 's last score for a major motion picture to date , and his last soundtrack release , other than compilation soundtracks . The score includes the song `` If '' ( as `` Rochester 's farewell '' , with partially changed lyrics , removal of the quotes from `` Time Lapse '' from A Zed & Two Noughts , and the addition of a setting of the Kyrie ) performed by Hilary Summers , who originally performed it in the film , The Diary of Anne Frank ( 1995 ) . It also includes an abridgement by Jeffreys of one of Wilmot 's most famous poems , `` Signior Dildo '' , also sung by Ms. Summers . A recurring theme on the album which first appears in `` Upon drinking in a bowl '' for solo viola , became the basis of the Interlude in C for Accent007 ensemble . `` The maimed debauchee '' is a fairly brief piece , but resembles the Interlude at its climax . The theme reappears in a longer version as `` Against constancy '' . The album primarily follows the order of the film , but there are exceptions , including `` My Lord all-pride '' , which immediately follows `` Signior Dildo '' in the film , as Wilmot steps out from curtains painted to resemble female genitalia . Portions of the score appear in all-brass arrangements on the album , Nyman Brass .", "title": "" } ]	fever
34f5b56892fee73d861f054c76b2ec21	Leonardo da Vinci was not an engineer.	[ { "docid": "f38e78ead9bae31473ce9f487dacd69a", "text": "Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci ( -LSB- leoˈnardo di ˌsɛr ˈpjɛːro da ( v ) ˈvintʃi -RSB- ; 15 April 14522 May 1519 ) , more commonly Leonardo da Vinci or simply Leonardo , was an Italian polymath whose areas of interest included invention , painting , sculpting , architecture , science , music , mathematics , engineering , literature , anatomy , geology , astronomy , botany , writing , history , and cartography . He has been variously called the father of palaeontology , ichnology , and architecture , and is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time . Sometimes credited with the inventions of the parachute , helicopter and tank , he epitomised the Renaissance humanist ideal . Many historians and scholars regard Leonardo as the prime exemplar of the `` Universal Genius '' or `` Renaissance Man '' , an individual of `` unquenchable curiosity '' and `` feverishly inventive imagination '' . According to art historian Helen Gardner , the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent in recorded history , and `` his mind and personality seem to us superhuman , while the man himself mysterious and remote '' . Marco Rosci notes that while there is much speculation regarding his life and personality , his view of the world was logical rather than mysterious , and that the empirical methods he employed were unorthodox for his time . Born out of wedlock to a notary , Piero da Vinci , and a peasant woman , Caterina , in Vinci in the region of Florence , Leonardo was educated in the studio of the renowned Florentine painter Andrea del Verrocchio . Much of his earlier working life was spent in the service of Ludovico il Moro in Milan . He later worked in Rome , Bologna and Venice , and he spent his last years in France at the home awarded to him by Francis I of France . Leonardo was , and is , renowned primarily as a painter . Among his works , the Mona Lisa is the most famous and most parodied portrait and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all time . Leonardo 's drawing of the Vitruvian Man is also regarded as a cultural icon , being reproduced on items as varied as the euro coin , textbooks , and T-shirts . Perhaps fifteen of his paintings have survived.There are 15 significant artworks which are ascribed , either in whole or in large part , to Leonardo by most art historians . This number is made up principally of paintings on panel but includes a mural , a large drawing on paper and two works which are in the early stages of preparation . There are a number of other works that have also been variously attributed to Leonardo . Nevertheless , these few works , together with his notebooks , which contain drawings , scientific diagrams , and his thoughts on the nature of painting , compose a contribution to later generations of artists rivalled only by that of his contemporary , Michelangelo . Leonardo is revered for his technological ingenuity . He conceptualised flying machines , a type of armoured fighting vehicle , concentrated solar power , an adding machine , and the double hull . Relatively few of his designs were constructed or even feasible during his lifetime , as the modern scientific approaches to metallurgy and engineering were only in their infancy during the Renaissance . Some of his smaller inventions , however , such as an automated bobbin winder and a machine for testing the tensile strength of wire , entered the world of manufacturing unheralded . A number of Leonardo 's most practical inventions are nowadays displayed as working models at the Museum of Vinci . He made substantial discoveries in anatomy , civil engineering , geology , optics , and hydrodynamics , but he did not publish his findings and they had no direct influence on later science . Today , Leonardo is widely considered one of the most diversely talented individuals ever to have lived .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "13e8f234ecbfb88efb8cb953ee8a6af5", "text": "Officine Ferroviarie Meridionali Officine Ferroviarie Meridionali or OFM was an Italian railway and rolling stock manufacturing company based at Naples . In 1915 , Ing Nicola Romeo and Co Ltd owned by Nicola Romeo bought Officine Ferroviarie Meridionali and two other factories producing railway locomotives and other rolling stock ( one was in Rome and another one in Saronno ) to support his automobile activities and his dream about aviation and airplanes . By 1922 the OFM factory was only producing railway locomotives and similar rolling stock parts . Nicola Romeo following closely the success of Fiat , he considered that the OFM Naples factory and its workforce was suitable to be trained in order to produce aircraft parts and even a plane . The first aircraft parts constructed by OFM were for a Fiat contract and production started shortly . As Fiat 's factories were fully employed with other projects , OFM produced in 1923 the sesquiplane Fiat CR .1 fighter as a sub-manufacturer . In parallel he was entrusted by the Banca Italiana di Sconto with managing its Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili ( ALFA ) , into which in 1918 he merged OFM to create Alfa Romeo . While this quickly became one of the world 's most famous automakers , the collapse of Banca Italiana di Sconto led Romeo to reacquire OFM . Through this he entered the aviation business in 1925 under the `` OFM -- Aeroplani Romeo '' brand . Obsessed with his aviation factory dream , Nicola Romeo hired Alessandro Tonini as OFM 's chief designer . Tonini had a great experience in aerodynamics and airplane design as he had worked at Macchi on the flying boat fighter designs . OFM contacted Fokker and got production licence for the Fokker C.V. . It was built by the Naples factory in 1927 as the OFM Ro .1 . With the Ro .1 production line established , OFM turned its attention to its own first designs such as the Ro .1 Ridotto . Nicola Romeo significantly changed the organisation of the company on October 27 , 1934 by splitting the OFM railway workshop and the aircraft business , creating , or possibly just officially recognising the aviation company as Societa Anonima Industrie Aeronautiche Romeo ( abbreviated as `` IAR '' ) , short titled as : Aeroplani Romeo , a name which had been in common usage for some time . All OFM aircraft types from 1925 have been mistakenly referred as produced by IMAM which was the successor of OFM . The aircraft produced in Napoli by OFM from 1925 onwards frequently carried the inscription Aeroplani Romeo painted somewhere on the airframe . All the aircraft built by the company were popularly known as both OFMs and Romeos , but all were given the designation prefix Ro . For example Ro .37 had a data plate riveted on cockpit 's instrument panel with Aeroplani Romeo - SA Industrie Aeronautiche Romeo brand name on it . In 1935 , OFM ( the railway workshop ) was sold to Società Italiana Ernesto Breda . Later , between 1935 and 1936 , Romeo also sold Societa Anonima Industrie Aeronautiche Romeo to Società Italiana Ernesto Breda , which combined the two companies into a single subsidiary organisation on October 1 , 1936 , the well known Industrie Meccaniche e Aeronautiche Meridionali ( Southern Mechanical and Aviation Industries ) , often shortened to Meridionali or IMAM .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d837f920105393a8cbe2a455acd91fa", "text": "Technological unemployment Technological unemployment is the loss of jobs caused by technological change . Such change typically includes the introduction of labour-saving `` mechanical-muscle '' machines or more efficient `` mechanical-mind '' processes ( automation ) . Just as horses employed as prime movers were gradually made obsolete by the automobile , humans ' jobs have also been affected throughout modern history . Historical examples include artisan weavers reduced to poverty after the introduction of mechanised looms . During World War II , Alan Turing 's Bombe machine compressed and decoded thousands of man-years worth of encrypted data in a matter of hours . A contemporary example of technological unemployment is the displacement of retail cashiers by self-service tills . That technological change can cause short-term job losses is widely accepted . The view that it can lead to lasting increases in unemployment has long been controversial . Participants in the technological unemployment debates can be broadly divided into optimists and pessimists . Optimists agree that innovation may be disruptive to jobs in the short term , yet hold that various compensation effects ensure there is never a long-term negative impact on jobs . Whereas pessimists contend that at least in some circumstances , new technologies can lead to a lasting decline in the total number of workers in employment . The phrase `` technological unemployment '' was popularised by John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s . Yet the issue of machines displacing human labour has been discussed since at least Aristotle 's time . Prior to the 18th century both the elite and common people would generally take the pessimistic view on technological unemployment , at least in cases where the issue arose . Due to generally low unemployment in much of pre-modern history , the topic was rarely a prominent concern . In the 18th century fears over the impact of machinery on jobs intensified with the growth of mass unemployment , especially in Great Britain which was then at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution . Yet some economic thinkers began to argue against these fears , claiming that overall innovation would not have negative effects on jobs . These arguments were formalised in the early 19th century by the classical economists . During the second half of the 19th century , it became increasingly apparent that technological progress was benefiting all sections of society , including the working class . Concerns over the negative impact of innovation diminished . The term `` Luddite fallacy '' was coined to describe the thinking that innovation would have lasting harmful effects on employment . The view that technology is unlikely to lead to long term unemployment has been repeatedly challenged by a minority of economists . In the early 1800s these included Ricardo himself . There were dozens of economists warning about technological unemployment during brief intensifications of the debate that spiked in the 1930s and 1960s . Especially in Europe , there were further warnings in the closing two decades of the twentieth century , as commentators noted an enduring rise in unemployment suffered by many industrialised nations since the 1970s . Yet a clear majority of both professional economists and the interested general public held the optimistic view through most of the 20th century . In the second decade of the 21st century , a number of studies have been released suggesting that technological unemployment may be increasing worldwide . Further increases are forecast for the years to come . While many economists and commentators still argue such fears are unfounded , as was widely accepted for most of the previous two centuries , concern over technological unemployment is growing once again . A report in Wired in 2017 quotes knowledgeable people such as economist Gene Sperling and management professor Andrew McAfee on the idea that handling existing and impending job loss to automation is a `` significant issue '' . Regarding a recent claim by a political appointee that automation is not `` going to have any kind of big effect on the economy for the next 50 or 100 years , '' says McAfee , `` I do n't talk to anyone in the field who believes that . '' Innovations like Watson have the potential to render humans obsolete with the professional , white-collar , low-skilled , creative fields , and other `` mental jobs '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd70119f758c97211fef175724eec8fa", "text": "Gothic architecture Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished in Europe during the High and Late Middle Ages . It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture . Originating in 12th century France and lasting into the 16th century , Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Francigenum ( `` French work '' ) with the term Gothic first appearing during the later part of the Renaissance . Its characteristics include the pointed arch , the ribbed vault ( which evolved from the joint vaulting of Romanesque architecture ) and the flying buttress . Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals , abbeys and churches of Europe . It is also the architecture of many castles , palaces , town halls , guild halls , universities and to a less prominent extent , private dwellings , such as dorms and rooms . It is in the great churches and cathedrals and in a number of civic buildings that the Gothic style was expressed most powerfully , its characteristics lending themselves to appeals to the emotions , whether springing from faith or from civic pride . A great number of ecclesiastical buildings remain from this period , of which even the smallest are often structures of architectural distinction while many of the larger churches are considered priceless works of art and are listed with UNESCO as World Heritage Sites . For this reason a study of Gothic architecture is often largely a study of cathedrals and churches . A series of Gothic revivals began in mid-18th century England , spread through 19th century Europe and continued , largely for ecclesiastical and university structures , into the 20th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1a7a9f91ae5bc525c157a80bdc00a63", "text": "Palais des Papes The Palais des Papes ( English : Papal palace , lo Palais dei Papas in Occitan ) is a historical palace in Avignon , southern France , one of the largest and most important medieval Gothic buildings in Europe . Once a fortress and palace , the papal residence was the seat of Western Christianity during the 14th century . Six papal conclaves were held in the Palais , leading to the elections of Benedict XII in 1334 , Clement VI in 1342 , Innocent VI in 1352 , Urban V in 1362 , Gregory XI in 1370 and Antipope Benedict XIII in 1394 . The Palais is actually two joined buildings : the old palais of Benedict XII , which sits on the impregnable rock of Doms , and the new palais of Clement VI , the most extravagant of the Avignon popes . Together they form the largest Gothic building of the Middle Ages , it is also one of the best examples of the International Gothic architectural style . The construction design was the work of two of France 's best architects , Pierre Peysson and Jean du Louvres and the lavish ornamentation was the work of two of the best students of the School of Siena ( Italy ) , Simone Martini and Matteo Giovanetti . In addition , the papal library housed in the Palais ( the largest in Europe at the time with over 2,000 volumes ) , attracted a group of clerics passionate in the study of `` belle-lettres '' , amongst them the founder of Humanism , Petrarch . At the same time , composers , singers and musicians were drawn to the Great Chapel of the Palais . It was there that Clement VI appreciated the Mass of Notre-Dame of Guillaume de Machaut , there that Philippe de Vitry at the pope 's invitation presented his Ars Nova and there that Johannes Ciconia came to study . Due to its immense size , the Palais was also the place where the general organisation of the Church began to change . It facilitated the centralisation of services and the adaption of operations in order to suit the needs of the papacy , creating a truly central administration for the Church . The manpower of the Curia ( Church administration ) , while 200 at the end of the 13th century , surpassed 300 at the beginning of the 14th century and reached 500 people in 1316 . To this were added over 1,000 lay officials working within the Palais . Despite this , the Palais became obsolete when the papacy found it necessary to return to Rome . The hope of reuniting Latin and Orthodox Christians , along with the achievement of peace in the Papal States in Italy , made the case of returning stronger . Added to that was the strong conviction of both Urban V and Gregory XI that the seat of the papacy could only be the tomb of St Peter . Despite strong opposition from the Court of France and the College of Cardinals , both popes found the means to return to Rome , the first , on 30 April 1362 , the second on 13 September 1370 . This time , the return was absolute . In the following centuries , the Palais lost all of its former glory , despite it serving as the seat of two anti-popes and many cardinals . It retained , however , a `` work of destruction '' aspect that French poets and writers such as Charles Forbes René de Montalembert have referred to over the centuries , with its powerful sense of beauty , simplicity , grandeur and immortality . Since 1995 , the Palais des Papes has been classified , along with the historic center of Avignon , as a UNESCO World Heritage Site , under cultural criteria i , ii and iv .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30ac87e13264b9ebcf1a12adef090f98", "text": "Leonardo da Vinci International Art Award The Leonardo da Vinci Award was established in 1975 by the Rotary Club of Florence as an annual international prize named after Leonardo da Vinci , to be presented to young people involved in the study of the sciences , technology , literature and the arts . Among the disciplines recognised and rewarded so far have been painting , sculpture , music , geology , architecture , medicine and nuclear physics . The 21st Leonardo da Vinci Prize was recently presented to the brilliant young pianist Johan Schmidt . The prize giving event has been hosted by other European Rotary Clubs in cities such as Tours , Vienna , Athens , Madrid , Würzburg , Brussels and Amsterdam . This event was last held in London in 1987 , when the prize was awarded to the internationally recognised percussionist Evelyn Glennie . In 1996 1/2 the Rotary Club of London will again be responsible for hosting the prize-giving ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4598e8a6e459d06b2ea189171d5d5e7e", "text": "Early modern Europe Early modern Europe is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution , roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century . Historians variously mark the beginning of the early modern period with the invention of moveable type printing in the 1450s , the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 , the end of the Wars of the Roses in 1487 , the beginning of the High Renaissance in Italy in the 1490s , the end of the Reconquista and subsequent voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492 , or the start of the Protestant Reformation in 1517 . The precise dates of its end point also vary and are usually linked with either the start of the French Revolution in 1789 or with the more vaguely defined beginning of the Industrial Revolution in late 18th century Britain . Some of the more notable trends and events of the early modern period included the Reformation and the religious conflicts it provoked ( including the French Wars of Religion and the Thirty Years ' War ) , the rise of capitalism and modern nation states , and European colonization of the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e013ee69c2cc3cfdbeadc3a1942a3ec", "text": "Leonardo the Musical: A Portrait of Love Leonardo the Musical : A Portrait of Love is a musical with a book by Greg Moeller and Russell Dunlop and music by Greg Moeller and lyrics by Tommy Moeller . The 1993 West End production is considered one of the biggest disasters in the history of London theatre but had rave reviews in Oxford . The management changed the original music and scripts after Oxford shows . The project , a highly fictionalized account of Leonardo da Vinci 's creation of the Mona Lisa , was the brainchild of Duke Minks , an advisor to the Republic of Nauru and former road manager for the 1960s pop group , Unit 4 + 2 . He convinced government officials to invest # 2 million -- derived from profits earned from their major export , marine deposits rich in phosphates -- in the production , a fact later gleefully exploited by the critics in their scathing reviews . The rambling plot -- which started and ended with its protagonist on his deathbed , his completed masterpiece at his side -- centered on the struggling artist da Vinci 's commission to paint a young woman named Lisa , betrothed to nobleman Francesco Del Giocondo . The artist and his model engage in a passionate affair resulting in her pregnancy , and she returns to her fiancé , pretending the child is his to avoid public scandal and his private wrath . Eventually she returns to beg for forgiveness from the now successful da Vinci , who accidentally is murdered by her husband when he confronts the two in a jealous rage . A subplot hinting at da Vinci 's homosexuality involved his close friendship with his young assistant , a painter named Melzi . The production , plagued by problems with sets , costumes , and -- most significantly -- the script throughout its development , opened at the Strand Theatre on June 3 , 1993 . By the time the performance ended , nearly four hours after the curtain first rose , most of the audience had departed . A victim of critical disdain and audience indifference , the show closed five weeks later on July 10 . The cast included Paul Collis , Jane Arden , James Barron , and Hal Fowler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef4f7a55f344b0bd46eeb47588da7dee", "text": "Portuguese inventions The Portuguese inventions are the inventions created by people born in Portugal ( continent or overseas ) or whose nationality is Portuguese . These inventions were created mainly during the age of Portuguese Discoveries , but as well , during modernity . Relying on trade secret explains , in part , the difficulty often experienced by researchers in documenting Portuguese inventions , as many are not described in patent documents , or other technical documents . On the other hand , there are cases , like some types of swords , where the inventions themselves or the underlying documents were lost , having been destroyed , for example , during the French invasions . There are as well documentation and objects of Portuguese origin in private collections or museums outside of Portugal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1479e41093d1a60c50eb8954aeceb45", "text": "Early modern period The early modern period of modern history follows the late Middle Ages of the post-classical era . Although the chronological limits of the period are open to debate , the timeframe spans the period after the late portion of the post-classical age ( c. 1500 ) , known as the Middle Ages , through the beginning of the Age of Revolutions ( c. 1800 ) and is variously demarcated by historians as beginning with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 , with the Renaissance period , and with the Age of Discovery ( especially with the voyages of Christopher Columbus beginning in 1492 , but also with Vasco da Gama 's discovery of the sea route to the East in 1498 ) , and ending around the French Revolution in 1789 . Historians in recent decades have argued that from a worldwide standpoint , the most important feature of the early modern period was its globalizing character . The period witnessed the exploration and colonization of the Americas and the rise of sustained contacts between previously isolated parts of the globe . The historical powers became involved in global trade , as the exchange of goods , plants , animals , and food crops extended to the Old World and the New World . The Columbian Exchange greatly affected the human environment . New economies and institutions emerged , becoming more sophisticated and globally articulated over the course of the early modern period . This process began in the medieval North Italian city-states , particularly Genoa , Venice , and Milan . The early modern period also included the rise of the dominance of the economic theory of mercantilism . The European colonization of the Americas , Asia , and Africa occurred during the 15th to 19th centuries , and spread Christianity around the world . The early modern trends in various regions of the world represented a shift away from medieval modes of organization , politically and economically . Feudalism declined in Europe , while the period also included the Protestant Reformation , the disastrous Thirty Years ' War , the Commercial Revolution , the European colonization of the Americas , and the Golden Age of Piracy . By the 16th century the economy under the Ming Dynasty was stimulated by trade with the Portuguese , the Spanish , and the Dutch , while Japan engaged in the Nanban trade after the arrival of the first European Portuguese during the Azuchi-Momoyama period . Other notable trends of the early modern period include the development of experimental science , accelerated travel due to improvements in mapping and ship design , increasingly rapid technological progress , secularized civic politics , and the emergence of nation states . Historians typically date the end of the early modern period when the French Revolution of the 1790s began the `` modern '' period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e40ad766844aee73983630b44d3f3fb", "text": "Niccolò dell'Arca Niccolò dell ' Arca ( c. 1435-1440 -- 2 March 1494 ) was an Italian Early Renaissance sculptor . He is also known under the names Niccolò da Ragusa , Niccolò da Bari and Niccolò d'Antonio d'Apulia . The surname `` dell ' Arca '' refers to his contribution to the Arca di San Domenico . The place and the year of his birth are not certain . He was probably born in Apulia , perhaps in Bari , and then most likely lived for some time in Dalmatia . According to C. Gnudi ( see ref . ) he received training there by the Dalmatian sculptor Giorgio da Sebenico . The Burgundian elements in his sculpture are attributed by some art historians to his presumed participation in the triumphal arch of the Castel Nuovo in Naples during the 1450s ( where he would have known the Catalan sculptor Guillem Sagrera and would be influenced by his style ) . Others , rejecting his training in Naples , contend instead that he travelled to France in the late 1460s . According to them , his further training then allegedly took place in Siena , influenced by the works of Jacopo della Quercia and Donatello . He was mentioned for the first time in September 1462 in Bologna as Maestro Nicolò da Puglia , a `` master of terracotta figures '' . This probably refers to the `` Compianto sul Cristo morto '' , terracotta group in the Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Vita in Bologna ( also mentioned in a Bull of 1464 by Pope Paul II ) . A life-size group of six separate figures stand lamenting in a semicircle around the dead Christ in a lying posture . The dramatic pathos , the expressions of grief and torment of the figures is intensified by the realism of their dramatic facial details . However the date of this innovative contribution to Renaissance sculpture is uncertain . Instead of c. 1460 , some date it between 1485 and 1490 . In 1469 he got the commission of an ambitious new addition on the Arca di San Domenico : a spiral superstructure and several free-standing figures on top of the sarcophagus . This sarcophagus with the remains of Saint Dominic had been sculpted two centuries before by Nicola Pisano and his workshop ( between 1265 and 1267 ) . It had been completed by lapo , Arnolfo di Cambio and fra Guglielmo Agnelli . Niccolò dell ' Arca added an elaborate spire with an impressive statue of `` God the Father '' on top of a candelabrum , held by two putti and four dolphins , all covered with festoons with fruit . On the cornice at its base is in the middle a small Pietà , flanked by two angels , while on the four corners stand the four Evangelists in oriental dress . The lower part of the superstructure is surrounded by free-standing figures : the Patron Saints of Bologna ( Saint Francis of Assisi ) , San Petronio ( began by Niccolò but finished by young Michelangelo in 1494 ) , Saint Dominic and Saint Florian . On the back stand St Anne , St John the Baptist ( sculpted by Girolamo Cortellini in 1539 ) , San Procolo and San Vitale . Niccolò also added the Candlestick-holding Angel on the left side of the altar slab ( the one on the right side is by Michelangelo ) . Niccolò dell ' Arca worked on this masterpiece between 1469 and 1473 , leaving it unfinished . He probably continued intermittently at it until his death . Art critics see in this masterpiece a blend of influences : Burgundian , Florentine and non-Tuscan ( such as details in clothing ) . The way these statuettes express their emotions and the patterns in their dresses and hair evoke the style of Jacopo della Quercia . Some other important works include the terracotta bust of Saint Dominic ( 1474 ) ( in the museum of the Basilica of San Domenico in Bologna ) , a marble statue of St. John the Baptist ( in the Escorial in Madrid ) and the terracotta figure of Saint Monica ( c. 1478-1480 ) ( Museum Palace in Modena ) . Also notable is the terracotta high relief of Madonna di Piazza ( 1478 ) on the wall of the Palazzo Comunale in Bologna . In the marked drapery folds is seen the influence of Jacopo della Quercia and also traces of the dynamic naturalism of his contemporary Andrea del Verrocchio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b10c1beeadb87af255baa7b2ee5dec0", "text": "Isaac Newton in popular culture Isaac Newton was an English scientist , mathematician , natural philosopher , theologian and one of the most influential scientists in human history . His Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica , published in 1687 , is considered to be one of the most influential book in the history of science , laying the groundwork for most of classical mechanics . In this work , Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries . In mathematics , Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of the differential and integral calculus . Because of the resounding impact of his work , Newton became a scientific icon , much like Albert Einstein after his theory of relativity . Many books , plays , and films focus on Newton or use Newton as a literary device . Newton 's stature among scientists remains at the very top rank , as demonstrated by a 2005 survey of scientists in Britain 's Royal Society ( formerly headed by Newton ) asking who had the greater effect on the history of science , Newton or Albert Einstein . Newton was deemed the more influential . In 1999 , leading physicists voted Einstein `` greatest physicist ever ; '' Newton was the runner-up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a057df18516c3674f8011f470b281fae", "text": "Master builder A master builder or master mason is a central figure leading construction projects in pre-modern times ( a precursor to the modern architect and engineer ) . As one 1887 source described the status : The phrase has been in use since at least as early as 1610 , when William Camden wrote in his Britain , or a Chorographicall Description of the most flourishing Kingdomes , England , Scotland , and Ireland , and the Ilands adjoyning , out of the depth of Antiquitie of `` those Wings in Architecture , which the great Master builders tearme Peroma '' . Later in the same work , Camden writes :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97110922d6e385c1c5fc5a03650b67de", "text": "Old master print An old master print is a work of art produced by a printing process within the Western tradition . The term remains current in the art trade , and there is no easy alternative in English to distinguish the works of `` fine art '' produced in printmaking from the vast range of decorative , utilitarian and popular prints that grew rapidly alongside the artistic print from the 15th century onwards . Fifteenth-century prints are sufficiently rare that they are classed as old master prints even if they are of crude or merely workmanlike artistic quality . A date of about 1830 is usually taken as marking the end of the period whose prints are covered by this term . The main techniques used , in order of their introduction , are woodcut , engraving , etching , mezzotint and aquatint , although there are others . Different techniques are often combined in a single print . With rare exceptions printed on textiles , such as silk , or on vellum , old master prints are printed on paper . This article is concerned with the artistic , historical and social aspects of the subject ; the article on printmaking summarizes the techniques used in making old master prints , from a modern perspective . Many great European artists , such as Albrecht Dürer , Rembrandt , and Francisco Goya , were dedicated printmakers . In their own day , their international reputations largely came from their prints , which were spread far more widely than their paintings . Influences between artists were also mainly transmitted beyond a single city by prints ( and sometimes drawings ) , for the same reason . Prints therefore are frequently brought up in detailed analyses of individual paintings in art history . Today , thanks to colour photo reproductions , and public galleries , their paintings are much better known , whilst their prints are only rarely exhibited , for conservation reasons . But some museum print rooms allow visitors to see their collection , sometimes only by appointment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cace227439f134b740c11fb94a4e86a", "text": "Renaissance Revival architecture Renaissance Revival ( sometimes referred to as `` Neo-Renaissance '' ) is an all-encompassing designation that covers many 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Grecian ( see Greek Revival ) nor Gothic ( see Gothic Revival ) but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes . Under the broad designation `` Renaissance architecture '' nineteenth-century architects and critics went beyond the architectural style which began in Florence and central Italy in the early 15th century as an expression of Humanism ; they also included styles we would identify as Mannerist or Baroque . Self-applied style designations were rife in the mid - and later nineteenth century : `` Neo-Renaissance '' might be applied by contemporaries to structures that others called `` Italianate '' , or when many French Baroque features are present ( Second Empire ) . The divergent forms of Renaissance architecture in different parts of Europe , particularly in France and Italy , has added to the difficulty of defining and recognizing Neo-Renaissance architecture . A comparison between the breadth of its source material , such as the English Wollaton Hall , Italian Palazzo Pitti , the French Château de Chambord , and the Russian Palace of Facets -- all deemed `` Renaissance '' -- illustrates the variety of appearances the same architectural label can take .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "003cdde508cdb95fe9d8ca06b1b6a4d2", "text": "Animat Animat ( third-person indicative present of the Latin verb animō ) , meaning to `` animate , give or bring life '' . Animats are artificial animals , a contraction of animal-materials . The term includes physical robots and virtual simulations . Animat research , a subset of Artificial Life studies , has become rather popular since Rodney Brooks ' seminal paper `` Intelligence without representation '' . The word was coined by S.W. Wilson in 1985 , in `` Knowledge growth in an artificial animal '' , published in the first Proceedings of an International Conference on Genetic Algorithms and Their Applications . An example using the Animat model as proposed by Wilson is discussed at some length in chapter 9 of Stan Franklin 's book , Artificial Minds . In this implementation , the animat is capable of independent learning about its environment through application and evolution of pattern-matching rules called `` taxons '' . In 2001 Thomas DeMarse performed studies on ` Neurally controlled animat ' . Every two years , the Society of Adaptive Behaviour meets and produces a proceedings on this topic . They also have a journal , Adaptive Behavior . Alan H Goldstein has proposed that , because nanobiotechnology is in the process of creating real animal-materials , speculative use of this term should be discouraged and its application become purely phenomenological . Based on the Animat Test ( contained in the reference `` I , Nanobot . '' ) any nonbiological material or entity that exhibits the minimum set of behaviors that define a life form is , de facto , an Animat . Goldstein 's basic premise is that in the age of nanobiotechnology it is necessary to follow the chemistry and molecular engineering rather than watching for the emergence of some pre-conceived minimum level of ` intelligence ' such as an artificial neural network capable of adaptive phenomena . Goldstein has cautioned that there is a serious disconnect between the fields of nanobiotechnology and A-life based on profound differences in scientific training , experimental systems , and the different sets of terminology ( jargon ) these two fields have produced . Nanobiotechnologists ( really molecular engineers who work with both biological and nonbiological molecules ) are generally not concerned with complex systems per se ; even when they are building molecular interconnects between such systems , e.g. neuroelectronic splices . A-Life researchers mainly take a systems-level approach . The enormous transformative power of novel molecular engineering has the potential to create Animats , true nonbiological life forms , whose relatively simple behavior would not fit into most standard A-Life paradigms . As a result , Goldstein argues , the first Animats may come into being completely unrecognized by either scientific community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68347462b9a0e3634a271982d70edee6", "text": "Royal Library of Turin The Royal Library of Turin ( Biblioteca Reale di Torino ) is located under the porticoes on the ground floor of the Royal Palace ( today a World Heritage Site ) in the north-west Italian city of Turin . At the time of the library 's foundation around 1840 , Turin was the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia and the library was fitted out by Pelagio Palagi on the initiative of the King of Sardinia Carlo Alberto in order to hold the rare manuscripts that had been collected by the House of Savoy for many years . The king also increased the collection by 2000 drawings by famous artists , including Leonardo da Vinci . In 1893 , during the reign of Umberto I of Savoy as King of Italy , the collection of Leonardo da Vinci drawings was added to by a Russian collector who donated Codex on the Flight of Birds . Further works by Leonardo held by the library include his well-known self-portrait , his study for the angel in the first version of his Virgin of the Rocks , and his study for the angel in Verrocchio 's The Baptism of Christ .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fb1bcda2763f59255790430d4d3269e", "text": "L.H.O.O.Q. L.H.O.O.Q. ( -LSB- ɛl aʃ o o ky -RSB- ) is a work of art by Marcel Duchamp . First conceived in 1919 , the work is one of what Duchamp referred to as readymades , or more specifically a rectified ready-made . The readymade involves taking mundane , often utilitarian objects not generally considered to be art and transforming them , by adding to them , changing them , or ( as in the case of his most famous work Fountain ) simply renaming them and placing them in a gallery setting . In L.H.O.O.Q. the objet trouvé ( `` found object '' ) is a cheap postcard reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci 's Mona Lisa onto which Duchamp drew a moustache and beard in pencil and appended the title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "490b988896b93dcb67e6fe676dac410c", "text": "Renaissance art Renaissance art is the painting , sculpture and decorative arts of that period of European history known as the Renaissance , emerging as a distinct style in Italy in about 1400 , in parallel with developments which occurred in philosophy , literature , music and science . The Renaissance art , perceived as the noblest of ancient traditions , took as its foundation the art of Classical antiquity , but transformed that tradition by absorbing recent developments in the art of Northern Europe and by applying contemporary scientific knowledge . Renaissance art , with Renaissance Humanist philosophy , spread throughout Europe , affecting both artists and their patrons with the development of new techniques and new artistic sensibilities . Renaissance art marks the transition of Europe from the medieval period to the Early Modern age . In many parts of Europe , Early Renaissance art was created in parallel with Late Medieval art . The influences upon the development of Renaissance men and women in the early 15th century are those that also affected Philosophy , Literature , Architecture , Theology , Science , Government and other aspects of society . The following list presents a summary , dealt with more fully in the main articles that are cited above . Classical texts , lost to European scholars for centuries , became available . These included Philosophy , Prose , Poetry , Drama , Science , a thesis on the Arts and Early Christian Theology . Simultaneously , Europe gained access to advanced mathematics which had its provenance in the works of Islamic scholars . The advent of movable type printing in the 15th century meant that ideas could be disseminated easily , and an increasing number of books were written for a broad public . The establishment of the Medici Bank and the subsequent trade it generated brought unprecedented wealth to a single Italian city , Florence . Cosimo de ' Medici set a new standard for patronage of the arts , not associated with the church or monarchy . Humanist philosophy meant that man 's relationship with humanity , the universe and with God was no longer the exclusive province of the Church . A revived interest in the Classics brought about the first archaeological study of Roman remains by the architect Brunelleschi and sculptor Donatello . The revival of a style of architecture based on classical precedents inspired a corresponding classicism in painting and sculpture , which manifested itself as early as the 1420s in the paintings of Masaccio and Uccello . The improvement of oil paint and developments in oil-painting technique by Dutch artists such as Jan van Eyck , Rogier van der Weyden and Hugo van der Goes led to its adoption in Italy from about 1475 and had ultimately lasting effects on painting practices , worldwide . The serendipitous presence within the region of Florence in the early 15th century of certain individuals of artistic genius , most notably Masaccio , Brunelleschi , Ghiberti , Piero della Francesca , Donatello and Michelozzo formed an ethos out of which sprang the great masters of the High Renaissance , as well as supporting and encouraging many lesser artists to achieve work of extraordinary quality . A similar heritage of artistic achievement occurred in Venice through the talented Bellini family , their influential inlaw Mantegna , Giorgione , Titian and Tintoretto . The publication of two treatises by Leone Battista Alberti , De Pitura ( On Painting ) , 1435 , and De re aedificatoria ( Ten Books on Architecture ) , 1452 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8cf032398be50af693637e6126cb555", "text": "Engineer Engineers are people who design , construct , and maintain structures , materials and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality , regulation , safety , and cost . The word engineer ( Latin ingeniator ) is derived from the Latin words ingeniare ( `` to contrive , devise '' ) and ingenium ( `` cleverness '' ) . The foundation education of an engineer is typically a 4-year bachelor 's degree or in some countries , a master 's degree in an engineering discipline plus 4 -- 6 years peer-reviewed professional practice culminating in a project report or thesis . The work of engineers forms the link between scientific discoveries and their subsequent applications to human and business needs and quality of life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63abfdb85ccd700f1fd19ddcafffe9ca", "text": "Michelangelo Naccherino Michelangelo Naccherino ( Florence , March 6 , 1550 - Naples , February , 1622 ) was an Italian sculptor and architect , active mainly in the Kingdom of Naples , Italy . He supposedly was a pupil of Giambologna in Florence , but due to disagreements moved to the Kingdom of Naples in 1573 . From 1575-77 , he was active in Palermo , where he worked alongside Camillo Camilliani in the construction of the Fontana Pretoria , a project of Francesco Camilliani . Returning to Naples , he completed a number of Mannerist projects such as the tomb of Alfonso Sanchez ( 1588 -- 89 ) in the Basilica of Santissima Annunziata Maggiore and a crucifix ( 1599 ) for the church of San Carlo all ` Arena . He also completed a Madonna della Sanità for the church of Santa Maria della Sanità in the zone of Materdei , where he lived . In the early 1600s , he participated in a variety of projects , including the Fontana di Santa Lucia and the Fontana del Gigante ( along with Pietro Bernini ) . In 1607 , he submitted a design for the Cappella del Tesoro di San Gennaro , in which he competed against Ceccardo Bernucci , Giovan Battista Cavagna , Giulio Cesare Fontana , Giovan Giacomo Di Conforto , Dionisio Nencioni di Bartolomeo , Francesco Grimaldi , and Giovanni Cola di Franco . The latter two won the competition . In 1612 , he completed some tombs in the church of Santo Stefano in Capri , and in 1616 , he returned to Florence to sculpt an `' Adam and Eve '' for the Boboli Gardens . Among those who worked with him were Giuliano Finelli , Francesco Cassano , Tommaso Montani , Angelo Landi , and Mario Marasi . Other works Pietà , Chapel of Palazzo of Monte di Pietà Fontana di Santa Lucia ( Villa Reale ) Fontana del Gigante ( con Pietro Bernini ) Statue , Fontana del Nettuno Madonna del Carmine , San Giovanni a Carbonara Bust of Fabrizio Pignatelli , Church of Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini Christ Risen , Certosa di San Martino Tomb of Ferdinando Maiorca , Pontificia Reale Basilica of San Giacomo degli Spagnoli , Naples", "title": "" } ]	fever
dfaffcff1a52dce47adab8895193c627	One America News Network is the property of Herring Networks, Inc.	[ { "docid": "a2cf951e196c89a3dfc979bb6ffb4160", "text": "One America News Network One America News Network ( abbreviated as OANN ) , commonly referred to as One America News ( abbreviated as OAN ) , is an American cable news television channel that is owned by Herring Networks , Inc. . The network is headquartered in San Diego , California , and operates a news bureau in Washington , D.C. and New York City . Originally envisioned as a conservative-oriented news network , OAN 's stated focus is delivering a credible source of national and international news 24/7 . OAN features news programming and political talk shows , along with network special documentary-style reports . OAN states a goal of delivering objective news coverage and political talk shows that illustrate a strong conservative view . The channel was launched on July 4 , 2013 . One America has national carriage on DirecTV , Verizon FiOS and AT&T U-verse , along with a number of regional cable providers , including Frontier Communications , CenturyLink PRISM TV , Consolidated Communications , Buckeye Broadband , and GCI . On April 5 , 2017 , DirecTV started carrying OAN on channel 347 . As of April 2017 , One America News Network is available in 35 million homes .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5c585bae61b24845bf50c44627324ef1", "text": "Westwood One News Westwood One News is a radio news network operated by Westwood One through its parent company Cumulus Media . It launched on January 1 , 2015 . It provides radio stations with hourly newscasts delivered by Westwood One anchors as well as voiced reports that can be individually used by member stations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "492232bc2ead5426d9f0f2664f172215", "text": "A News (TV series) A News ( originally known as A-Channel News ) is the name of local newscasts on the A television system in Canada . A News programming was produced in markets which were not directly served by a local CTV News service . The cable-only A Atlantic service in Atlantic Canada did not produce its own A News programming , but instead presently airs CTV News programming from CTV Atlantic , although the station did produce a local morning show , Breakfast Television and was subsequently re-branded to CTV Morning Live on August 29 , 2011 , . Due to the effects of the 2009 economic crisis The A station in Ottawa cancelled all A News programming in March 2009 , but continued to produce a local morning show , A Morning which was also re-branded as CTV Morning Live on August 29 , 2011 . When A re-launched as CTV Two , on August 29 , 2011 , newscasts on the A stations were re-branded as CTV News and longer have separate identities , although the stations have retained the same editorial independence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a6177d7e302f636afd425ec857b2647", "text": "Compass Media Networks Compass Media Networks is an American radio network . The company launched in January 2009 . It is owned by former Westwood One CEO and former COO of Connoisseur Media , Peter Kosann . The company focuses on radio and offers representation and marketing services for national radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac21342197e686cc8393b9501873db47", "text": "The Baseball Network The Baseball Network was a short-lived television broadcasting joint venture between ABC , NBC and Major League Baseball . Under the arrangement , beginning in the 1994 season , the league produced its own in-house telecasts of games , which were then brokered to air on ABC and NBC . This was perhaps most evident by the copyright beds shown at the end of the telecasts , which stated `` The proceeding program has been paid for by the office of The Commissioner of Baseball '' . The Baseball Network was the first television network in the United States to be owned by a professional sports league . The package included coverage of games in primetime on selected nights throughout the regular season ( under the branding Baseball Night in America ) , along with coverage of the postseason and the World Series . Unlike previous broadcasting arrangements with the league , there was no national `` game of the week '' during the regular season ; these would be replaced by multiple weekly regional telecasts on certain nights of the week . Additionally , The Baseball Network had exclusive coverage windows ; no other broadcaster could televise MLB games during the same night that The Baseball Network was televising games . The arrangement did not last long ; due to the effects of a players ' strike on the remainder of the 1994 season , and poor reception from fans and critics over how the coverage was implemented , The Baseball Network would be disbanded after the 1995 season . While NBC would maintain rights to certain games , the growing Fox network became the league 's new national broadcast partner beginning in 1996 , with its then-parent company News Corporation eventually purchasing the Los Angeles Dodgers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5cdcf6dd2b9b695e290d5be8515e9a6", "text": "Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . '' The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "257083d948a50e06112d3d102cf048a8", "text": "One O'Clock News The One O'Clock News may refer to : ITN News at One ( 1976-1987 , 1988-1991 ) BBC News at One ( 1986-present ) RTÉ News : One O'Clock ( 1989-present ) RTÉ News at One", "title": "" }, { "docid": "051030797380a7aec81d2186b150f016", "text": "AccuWeather Network The AccuWeather Network is an American cable television network that is owned by AccuWeather . The network broadcasts pre-recorded national and regional weather forecasts , analysis of ongoing weather events , and weather-related news , along with local weather segments for mostly the Northeastern United States . The network 's studio and master control facilities are based at AccuWeather 's headquarters in State College , Pennsylvania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "297d489435bdad29e22ac116acbfab29", "text": "Food Network Food Network ( legally known as Television Food Network ) is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Television Food Network , G.P. , a joint venture between Scripps Networks Interactive ( which owns 70 % of the network ) and the Tribune ( FN ) Cable Ventures Inc. ( which owns the remaining 30 % ) . Despite this ownership structure , the channel is managed as a division of Scripps Networks Interactive . The channel airs both specials and regular episodic programs about food and cooking . In addition to its headquarters in New York City , Food Network has offices in Atlanta , Los Angeles , San Francisco , Chicago , Detroit , Jersey City , Cincinnati , and Knoxville , Tennessee . As of February 2015 , Food Network is available to approximately 96,931,000 pay television households ( 83.3 % of households with television ) in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79e6f116d0beec7b82f1ac5415e01410", "text": "ONE Television ONE Television ( On Europe Television ) was a Swedish television channel which broadcast television shows such as The Bill , Murder Investigation Team and Later with Jools Holland . The channel closed on 25 February 2007 and was replaced by Kanal 9 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9c8fcb24f1f2746d86b6294761bf670", "text": "A&E Networks A&E Networks ( branded as A+E Networks ) is an American media company that owns a group of television channels available via cable & satellite in the U.S. and abroad . A&E stands for Arts & Entertainment . The company is a joint venture with Hearst and Disney-ABC Television Group , a unit of the Disney Media Networks subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffbb65a1fafbff724032a1b0ba1dbd4b", "text": "Philadelphia Media Network Philadelphia Media Network LLC is an American media company . It owns The Philadelphia Inquirer , Philadelphia Daily News , and the newspapers ' joint web portal Philly.com . The company is owned by The Philadelphia Foundation , a nonprofit organization in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , U.S.A. Philadelphia Media Network ( PMN ) was formed and initially owned by the creditors of Philadelphia Media Holdings ( PMH ) , acquired out of Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection . The company sold its inherited community newspaper division in December 2010 . A group of local investors -- under the corporate name of Interstate General Media LLC -- bought the company for $ 55 million in April 2012 . Publisher and chief executive officer Greg Osberg stepped down on 11 May 2012 . He was replaced by Bob Hall , 67 , the publisher of the Daily News and Inquirer from 1990 to 2003 , when the papers were owned by Knight Ridder . Philadelphia Media Network was purchased by Philadelphia businessman H. F. `` Gerry '' Lenfest in 2014 . Lenfest donated the company to The Philadelphia Foundation , a nonprofit organization , in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4dd450f4bd08f5b6ac6a6ac944f63ad", "text": "ANT1 Satellite ANT1 Satellite ( pronounced Antenna ) is a subscription TV channel established in 1996 , aimed at the Greek diaspora in North America . It is the international service of ANT1 , a popular private network in Greece and is owned by ANT1 Group . It is a general entertainment channel airing a mix of news , dramas , comedies , reality series , lifestyle shows and live sports .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "177bfb64336d9c7086766f0a0c1e5339", "text": "Talk Radio Network Talk Radio Network ( TRN ) is an independent radio producer and syndicator of news and talk radio programming headquartered in Central Point , Oregon . TRN consists of a number of associated companies , which have launched or re-built some of the United States ' highest ranked talk radio shows , including The Savage Nation , Coast to Coast AM , The Dr. Laura Program , and The Jerry Doyle Show . TRN was founded in 1993 and is managed by CEO Mark Masters . In 2007 , Bear Stearns reported that TRN was the second-largest provider of nationally syndicated radio talk shows in the country , ahead of competitors ABC Radio and then-CBS-controlled Westwood One . , TRN is engaged in a federal antitrust lawsuit against Cumulus Media and advertising package bundler Westwood One .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60e7c4b2343f5ff79c080757c1a25f34", "text": "OneAmerica Financial Partners, Inc. OneAmerica Financial Partners , Inc. is a U.S. financial services mutual holding organization with corporate offices at the OneAmerica Tower in Indianapolis , Indiana . The operating companies of OneAmerica Financial Partners , Inc. are American United Life Insurance Company , The State Life Insurance Company , OneAmerica Retirement Services LLC , McCready and Keene Inc. , OneAmerica Securities , Inc. , Pioneer Mutual Life Insurance Company and AUL Reinsurance Management Services , LLC . The operating companies offer individual life insurance , disability , long-term care , and annuities . For businesses , they offer employee benefits , retirement plans , and group insurance . They operate throughout the United States except New York . OneAmerica Companies maintain `` superior '' financial ratings from A.M. Best and Standard and Poor 's .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82bec92ef171a33eb45f217c81fd573f", "text": "ABC News ABC News is the news division of the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) , owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company . Its flagship program is the daily evening newscast ABC World News Tonight ; other programs include morning news-talk show Good Morning America , newsmagazine series Nightline , Primetime and 20/20 , and Sunday morning political affairs program This Week with George Stephanopolous .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a45924fa25171617b78b876c1e9232f9", "text": "Neeraj Khemlani Neeraj Khemlani is president and group head of Hearst Entertainment & Syndication , the operating group responsible for Hearst 's interests in cable television networks , including ESPN and the A+E Networks ( A&E , HISTORY , Lifetime , FYI and its investment in Vice Media ) ; digital video entertainment companies , including co-investments with Verizon in AwesomenessTV and Complex Networks ; television production studios , including NorthSouth Productions ; and comic strip newspaper syndication and merchandise licensing . He serves on the boards of A+E Networks , AwesomenessTV and Complex Networks and is a senior vice president of Hearst . He joined Hearst in 2009 after serving as a senior executive at Yahoo! News since 2006 . Prior to that , Khemlani was a producer at the CBS News 60 Minutes television news magazine , where he is responsible for researching , reporting and writing stories with various CBS News correspondents . Before joining CBS News in 1998 , Mr. Khemlani was an associate producer for ABC News anchorman Peter Jennings and also produced pieces with Robert Krulwich for Nightline as well as Good Morning America . He is a term member of the prestigious Council on Foreign Relations in New York . He graduated with a Master 's degree in Journalism from Columbia University and a 1992 undergraduate degree from Cornell University . He is married to Heather Cabot , an anchor and correspondent for ABC News . Mr. Khemlani is of Indian heritage , born in Singapore and raised in New York . He has reported on the shadowy markets and bazaars of Pakistan 's northwest frontier , a lawless region where CBS News set up a sting operation to buy weapons of mass destruction . He also co-produced a three part series with Dan Rather that revealed what Osama bin Laden 's closest associates , advisors and comrade-in-arms were doing in Afghanistan , Pakistan and the Sudan the summer before September 11 . He has been responsible for landing many exclusive interviews and stories around the world . A few years ago , he convinced Libya 's leader , Col. Qaddafi , to do a comprehensive interview with Charlie Rose . Mr. Khemlani also convinced the Russian government to show CBS News some of its most private nuclear facilities , including a secret city built inside a mountain in Krasnoyarsk , Siberia . It is there where the Russians explained to CBS News that they could no longer pay the salaries of the starving scientists and soldiers who live there and guard the site 's growing stockpile of plutonium . He has also done stories on numerous conflicts , including the Afghan war , the Sudanese civil war , America 's secret war against the Cali and Medellin drug cartels , the Bosnian tragedy and the invasion of Haiti . Mr. Khemlani has also profiled numerous scientific inventors like Dean Kamen and his Segway human transporter , musicians like Jay-Z and the Grateful Dead , actresses like Bollywood star Aishwarya Rai and businessmen like Russell Simmons and Rick Wagoner , the chairman of General Motors , who unveiled his hydrogen car on the program . He was nominated for a news Emmy Award for his 60 Minutes story on the Dinner Set Gang , the best jewel thief team in America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1f47ee8e61c1a255d2625407c5cb894", "text": "Happening Now Happening Now is a news program broadcast on the Fox News Channel weekdays at 11:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cabc7529df1e7ed442b1adf89e24bd02", "text": "VOA-PNN VOA-PNN ( Abbreviation of Voice of America-Persian News Network ) is a governmental international broadcaster of the United States of America in Persian language . Its headquarter is in Washington D.C. . It started to broadcast its programs on 18 October 1994 with a one-hour television program . Its radio programs started on 22 November 1979 with 30 minutes broadcasting per day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82588c3e8da34c6cf89ec7c5f85dc377", "text": "The Salinas Californian The Salinas Californian , sometimes referred to as The Californian , is the major 24-hour digital and print news organization published in Salinas , California . It is the oldest continuously publishing newspaper in California . The paper is part of the USA Today Network , owned by the Gannett Company . The Californian was initially founded in 1871 as the The Salinas Index and assumed its current name during World War II . In 1936 , the Index was acquired by Merritt C. Speidel . Gannett bought Speidel Newspapers in 1977 . Since its inception until Sept. 28 , 2015 , the Salinas Californian has issued newspapers from Monday to Saturday . It has never produced a Sunday Edition . It now has a 24-hour 7-day digital presence and prints newspapers Wednesday , Friday , and Saturday only . Its mission is to serve the common good with a special emphasis on local reporting . Its media tools include video reports , documentaries , photo galleries , and live feeds -- all available on multiple formats . The Californian also produces El Sol , a Spanish-language weekly paper that has served Monterey County for 47 years ; Off 68 , a weekly paper distributed to individuals residing in communities along California State Route 68 ; and numerous special publications including a Welcome to Salinas Guide , Reader 's Choice Awards listing , Guide to the Salinas Rodeo , Spring Wedding Guide , and Health Quarterlies . The President is Paula Goudreau . Silas Lyons is the regional editor and Joe Truskot it the local news editor . Susana Vazquez is the editor of El Sol and Joe Truskot is also the Features/Off 68 editor . Amy Wu writes local government stories and Chelcey Adami offers popular public safety articles and a fun blog : Toast to the Coast . Multimedia journalist Jay Dunn III produces a wide range of content from stand alone `` Slice of Salinas '' photographs to extensive video commentaries . Champ Robinson reports on the local sports scene . In addition to staff reporters , The Californian publishes weekly features such Tom Leyde 's Ag Wednesday Profiles and Macgregor Eddy 's `` We Could Car Less '' column with an emphasis on bicycles and mass transportation issues . Other feature writers include Marla Young , Laureen Diephof , and Jan Austin . As part of the USA Today Network , The Californian makes available stories of significance from the world 's largest media company . The Salinas Californian continues to list community events at no charge in its weekly calendars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66efcb3a90208790383339b128e07455", "text": "Phoenix Media/Communications Group Phoenix Media/Communications Group is an American , Boston , Massachusetts-based corporation with several publishing and broadcasting interests . which includes the Portland Phoenix of Maine . It had published The Boston Phoenix and Stuff magazine , both of which went out of business in 2013 , and the Providence Phoenix until its shutdown in 2014 . In addition the paper owned radio station WFNX based in Lynn , MA , from 1983 until 2012 when it was sold to Clear Channel and is now country music station WBWL ( the WFNX call letters are now on a station in Athol , MA ) . The Boston Phoenix has its origins in an alternative newsweekly started in 1966 . In 1972 , its absorbed Cambridge Phoenix , a rival publication , and the company has used the `` Phoenix '' name ever since . In 1998 , the company acquiring the NewPaper in Rhode Island and re-christened that publication Providence Phoenix in 1993 . In September 1999 , the paper extended its reach into Maine and southern New Hampshire with the publication of the Portland Phoenix . The sports and magazine division publishes the official yearbooks for the Boston Celtics , the Boston Bruins , and the Boston Marathon , in addition to program guides for the Tweeter Center for the Performing Arts , and the Bank of America Pavilion summer music series . Through its Tele-publishing , Inc. , subsidiary , Phoenix Media owns People2People.com , the world 's largest provider of voice personals to the publishing industry and claims it is the web 's most advanced online personals site . Phoenix Media owns MassWeb Printing , an offset printing facility which prints many of its own product plus many other regional newspapers .", "title": "" } ]	fever
79213f0adb0ee1baa467d1ac8e0b8fa7	50 Cent was ranked as an artist by Billboard.	[ { "docid": "00c4fdbdf24dbd463ec8c29e105607b4", "text": "50 Cent Curtis James Jackson III ( born July 6 , 1975 ) , known professionally as 50 Cent , is an American rapper , actor , businessman , and investor . Born in the South Jamaica neighborhood of the borough of Queens , Jackson began selling drugs at age twelve during the 1980s crack epidemic . Although he left drug-dealing to pursue a musical career , in 2000 he was shot nine times . After Jackson released the compilation album Guess Who 's Back ? in 2002 , he was discovered by Eminem and signed by Shady Records , Aftermath Entertainment and Interscope Records . With the aid of Eminem and Dr. Dre ( who produced his first major-label album , Get Rich or Die Tryin ' ) , Jackson became one of the world 's best selling rappers and rose to prominence with East Coast hip hop group G-Unit ( which he leads de facto ) . In 2003 , he founded G-Unit Records , signing his G-Unit associates Young Buck , Lloyd Banks and Tony Yayo . Jackson had similar commercial and critical success with his second album , The Massacre , which was released in 2005 . He released his fifth studio album , Animal Ambition , in 2014 and is working on his sixth studio album , Street King Immortal . He executive produces the show Power , which airs on Starz . During his career Jackson has sold over 30 million albums worldwide and won several awards , including a Grammy Award , thirteen Billboard Music Awards , six World Music Awards , three American Music Awards and four BET Awards . He has pursued an acting career , appearing in the semi-autobiographical film Get Rich or Die Tryin ' ( 2005 ) , the Iraq War film Home of the Brave ( 2006 ) and Righteous Kill ( 2008 ) . 50 Cent was ranked the sixth-best artist of the 2000s and the third-best rapper ( behind Eminem and Nelly ) by Billboard . Rolling Stone consider Get Rich or Die Tryin ' and `` In Da Club '' to be in their lists of `` 100 Best albums of the 2000s '' and `` 100 Best songs of the 2000s '' at numbers 37 and 13 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b8b033cfd8dd783cf1f74f992b558943", "text": "I Just Wanna `` I Just Wan na '' is a song by American hip hop recording artist 50 Cent , released on March 26 , 2012 , as the second single from his tenth mixtape The Big 10 , released on December 9 , 2011 . The song features vocals from 50 Cent 's fellow G-Unit member Tony Yayo and was produced by D.R.U.G.S Beats .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb404d9bcaec4563bc57b911d4ec398d", "text": "Major Key (album) Major Key ( stylized as Major ð ''` ) is the ninth studio album by DJ Khaled . It was released on July 29 , 2016 , by We the Best Music Group and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Future , Big Sean , Rick Ross , Jay Z , Drake , Nas , Kendrick Lamar , Betty Wright , J. Cole , Bryson Tiller , Nicki Minaj , Chris Brown , August Alsina , Jeremih , Kodak Black , Jeezy , French Montana , YG , Yo Gotti , Gucci Mane , 2 Chainz , Jadakiss , Fabolous , Fat Joe , Busta Rhymes , Kent Jones , Travis Scott , Lil Wayne , Meghan Trainor , Wiz Khalifa , Wale and Mavad The album was supported by four singles , `` For Free '' , `` I Got the Keys '' , `` Holy Key '' and `` Do You Mind '' . Major Key received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 . The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in November 2016 . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a8003bf2a50b72ad3f3b7c36a268911", "text": "Now That's What I Call Music! 49 (U.S. series) Now That 's What I Call Music ! 49 , released on February 4 , 2014 , is the 49th edition of the Now ! series in the United States . The album features three Billboard Hot 100 number-one hits : `` Timber '' , `` Royals '' , and `` Wrecking Ball '' . Now ! 49 debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 albums chart with sales of 98,000 copies in its first week of release . As of June 2014 , 482,000 copies of the compilation had been sold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1b92e422e0ee3e71d747f5ca5ddc0b2", "text": "List of Billboard number-one singles of 1947 This is a list of number-one songs in the United States during the year 1947 according to Billboard magazine . Prior to the creation of the Billboard Hot 100 , Billboard published multiple singles charts each week . In 1947 , the following three charts were produced : Best Sellers in Stores -- ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores , as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country . Most Played by Jockeys -- ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations , as reported by radio disc jockeys and radio stations . Most Played in Jukeboxes -- ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States . Shown is a list of songs that topped the Best Sellers in Stores chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a4d9118ff5e1f0ecacdfc142eb3f4df", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1997 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical sales and airplay . There were nine singles that peaked atop the charts , but if `` Un-Break My Heart '' is excluded from the count ( for the song started its peak in the previous year ) , the total would be eight , the second lowest for a single year , tied with 1996 and subsequently , 2005 . The longest running number-one single of 1997 is `` Candle in the Wind 1997 '' / `` Something About the Way You Look Tonight '' , which logged 14 weeks at the top of the Billboard Hot 100 . Two of those weeks were logged in 1998 while the remaining 12 were attained in 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fa706667c83d7622ae9ce5fb1123a50", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1981 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the 200 highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated the sales for the album charts from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , which was gathered by telephone , fax or messenger service . The data was based on reports from record stores , who ranked the popularity of the best-selling records but did not provide an actual sales figures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "feb2cefa27e5f5cfca3d772bd2acd17b", "text": "List of Single Top 100 number-one singles of 2011 Throughout all 52 weeks in 2011 , 31 songs topped the Mega Single Top 100 . The Single Top 100 is a chart composed by MegaCharts based on official physical single sales and legal downloads , and one of the three official Dutch record charts , the two others being the Dutch Top 40 and the Mega Top 50 . The first number-one hit on the chart in 2011 was Martin Solveig and Dragonette 's `` Hello '' , and the last was Studio Killers ' `` Ode to the Bouncer '' . Artists and acts that had or were featured in at least one song that topped the Mega Single Top 100 that year for at least one week were Martin Solveig , Dragonette , Jan Smit , Ben Saunders , Dean Saunders , Adele , 3JS , Lady GaGa , Nick & Simon , Alexis Jordan , Glennis Grace , Frans Duijts , Do , Coldplay , Rochelle Perts , Guus Meeuwis , Sak Noel , Lucenzo , Big Ali , Don Omar , Nick Schilder , Thomas Acda , Keizer , Paul de Munnik , Gotye , Kimbra , The Voice of Holland , Gers Pardoel , Jeroen van der Boom , Metropole Orkest ( Dutch : The Metropole Orchestra ) , Birdy , Sandro Silva , Quintino and Studio Killers . Out of these acts , 20 of them , Dean Saunders , Alexis Jordan , Glennis Grace , Frans Duijts , Rochelle Perts , Guus Meeuwis , Sak Noel , Don Amor , Big Ali , Lucenzo , Nick Schilder , Thomas Acda , Simon Keizer , Paul de Munnik , Gotye , Kimbra , Birdy , Quintino , Sandro , and Studio Killers , achieved their first number-one single on the chart that year , either as lead or featured artist . Two artists , Jan Simit and Adele , had 2 songs that went number one . 23 singles that topped the chart were solo songs , while eight others were collaborations . One of Adele 's songs , `` Rolling in the Deep '' , was the best-performing single of 2011 , topping the Single Top 100 's 2011 year-end chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af698f1b85f198b52b94a6334e099da6", "text": "Kid Albums Kid Albums ( formerly known as Top Kid Audio ) is a music chart published weekly by Billboard magazine which ranks the top selling children 's music albums in the United States . The chart debuted on the issue dated September 9 , 1995 . It originally began as a 15-position chart , but has now been expanded to 25 . Rankings are compiled by point-of-purchase sales obtained by Nielsen Soundscan data and from legal digital downloads from an all music digital retailers . The Kid Albums chart features full-length albums that are geared towards children or teenage audiences . Some of the genres can extend from baby music , like lullabies , to soundtracks for films that are targeted to children of the age 5-9 to pop , teen pop and other subdivisions of it . Studio albums , EPs , compilation albums and soundtracks are also eligible for the chart . The first number-one title on the Top Kid Audio chart was a compilation album from Walt Disney Records titled , Classic Disney , Vol . 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08c87fd6a99eb0d2b23b7caf375cd3f", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay . In 2007 , 17 singles reached the top spot on the chart . An 18th single , Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , began a run at the top in 2006 which continued into 2007 . In 2007 , eight acts achieved their first US number-one single , either as a lead artist or featured guest : Maroon 5 , Avril Lavigne , Mims , Plain White T 's , Sean Kingston , Soulja Boy Tell 'Em , T-Pain , and Yung Joc . Producer Timbaland earned his first number-one single as lead artist with `` Give It to Me '' ; he had previously appeared as featured guest on singer Nelly Furtado 's number-one single `` Promiscuous '' . T-Pain , Justin Timberlake , Nelly Furtado and Fergie each earned two number-one singles , either as a lead artist or featured guest . Three number-one singles tied for the longest run on the chart in 2007 : Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' , and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em 's `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' all topped the chart for seven weeks ; the last of these was non-consecutive . However , `` Irreplaceable '' , which started its peak position in three issues the previous year , is credited to by Billboard magazine as 2006 's longest-running single . To this effect , `` Umbrella '' and `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' are the longest-running singles of 2007 . Other singles with extended chart runs include singer Alicia Keys ' `` No One '' which stayed at number one for five straight weeks . `` Irreplaceable '' is the best-performing single of the calendar year , topping the Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2007 for seven consecutive weeks . Band Maroon 5 's `` Makes Me Wonder '' is noted for its jump from 64th to 1st place on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it the largest leap of 2007 . `` Umbrella '' , which occupied the top slot for seven of summer 's thirteen weeks , has been credited by the music press as 2007 's Song of the Summer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8049dd6b56b64cc0a89b80699f32f2da", "text": "2002 in British music charts This is a summary of 2002 in music in the United Kingdom , including the official charts from that year . In 2002 , as in the previous year , there were 30 songs that reached the top of the charts . Although there were numerous songs that remained at the top for only a week , several managed to carry out runs of 2 or more weeks , none achieving above 4 . The UK also celebrated the 50th anniversary of the UK singles chart . After the Popstars phenomenon of the previous year , the UK became obsessed with talent show winners and the new show Pop Idol became a huge success . The year was thought of as the 2nd Golden Age of Hip-Hop music with many successful artists with Eminem coming out at top once again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5", "text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106ae4371412686a08b197b1c094ea26", "text": "The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics . The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f23f0d745347bd4adab0b957cf55f98a", "text": "J. Cole discography American hip hop recording artist J. Cole has released four studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two extended plays , three mixtapes , sixteen singles ( including nine as a featured artist ) , two promotional singles and twenty music videos . J. Cole first took up rapping in his teens , collaborating with the local Fayetteville hip hop duo Bomm Sheltuh . The Come Up , his debut mixtape , was released on May 4 , 2007 to positive reception . Following the release of The Come Up , J. Cole was contacted by American rapper Jay Z and subsequently signed to his record label Roc Nation . Cole released his second mixtape The Warm Up on June 15 , 2009 . `` Lights Please '' , the first single from The Warm Up , peaked at number nine on the United States Billboard Bubbling Under R&B / Hip-Hop Singles chart and became Cole 's first entry on a national record chart . He was later featured on `` All I Want Is You '' , a 2010 single by American R&B singer Miguel -- it peaked at number 58 on the US Billboard Hot 100 . J. Cole 's third mixtape Friday Night Lights was released on November 12 , 2010 . J. Cole released his debut studio album Cole World : The Sideline Story on September 27 , 2011 . It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , with first-week sales of 218,000 copies . The album 's lead single `` Work Out '' peaked at number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100 and became a top ten hit on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts . Cole World : The Sideline Story was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , while `` Work Out '' was certified two times platinum . Two more singles were released from the album : `` Ca n't Get Enough '' and `` Nobody 's Perfect '' , which peaked at numbers 52 and 61 respectively on the Hot 100 . J. Cole 's second studio album Born Sinner was released on June 18 , 2013 . Its lead single , `` Power Trip '' , peaked at number 19 on the Hot 100 and received a platinum certification from the RIAA . On December 9 , 2014 , he released his third studio album 2014 Forest Hills Drive . The album was supported by four singles : `` Apparently '' , `` Wet Dreamz '' , `` No Role Modelz '' and `` Love Yourz '' . The album also went on to sell 353,000 copies in its first week , and became the first rap album in 25 years to be certified platinum in the US with no guest appearances . The songs `` No Role Modelz '' and `` Wet Dreamz '' later received a platinum certification from the RIAA . In addition to his fourth album , Cole released three singles in 2016 : `` Love Yourz '' , `` Everybody Dies '' , and `` False Prophets '' . His album 4 Your Eyez Only was released on the second anniversary of 2014 Forest Hill Drive . 4 Your Eyez Only was certified gold before it debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , despite having no singles upon release . `` Deja Vu '' was later given a single release after peaking at number 7 on the Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae6b4c1569338084dbc663e9da378c2b", "text": "List of number-one R&B/hip-hop songs of 2016 (U.S.) This page lists the songs that reached number-one on the overall Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart , the R&B Songs chart ( which was created in 2012 ) , and the Hot Rap Songs chart in 2016 . The R&B Songs and Rap Songs charts partly serve as distillations of the overall R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc0b21e34c9e5087548659e5924ca779", "text": "Grand Hustle Records Grand Hustle Records ( formerly Grand Hustle Entertainment ) , also known as Hustle Gang Music , is an Atlanta , Georgia-based record label , founded in 2001 , by American hip hop recording artist T.I. and his business partner Jason Geter . Up until December 2012 , the label was distributed by Atlantic Records . It currently operates as an independent record label . The label is home to artists such as B.o.B , Young Dro , Trae tha Truth and Travis Scott , among others . The label also houses a roster of record producers , including DJ Toomp , Lil ' C , Mars , Nard & B , TrackSlayerz and more . The label has released 26 studio albums in total , with 13 of them being certified gold or higher , by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Additionally , the label has released five albums that reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , namely King ( 2006 ) , T.I. vs. T.I.P. ( 2007 ) , Paper Trail ( 2008 ) , The Adventures of Bobby Ray ( 2010 ) and Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight ( 2016 ) . Furthermore , Grand Hustle has released multiple top 40 hit singles , including `` Bring 'Em Out '' , `` What You Know '' , `` Shoulder Lean '' , `` Whatever You Like '' , `` Live Your Life '' , `` Dead and Gone '' , `` Nothin ' on You '' , `` Airplanes '' , `` Magic '' , `` Strange Clouds '' , `` So Good '' , `` Both of Us '' , `` Antidote '' and more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d045a21f1c0a7fd5a0dbc94f5d3be4f", "text": "Dance/Electronic Digital Songs Dance/Electronic Digital Songs is a weekly chart that ranks the best-selling digital dance and electronic singles in the United States , according to Billboard . Although it originally started tracking singles the week of January 2 , 2010 , it did not become an official chart until the issue dated April 3 , 2010 . The Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart tracks the 50 most popular downloaded dance music singles , including tracks that are exclusively available online only . This chart also includes previously released dance and disco songs that became available for downloading , which means that songs like `` You Spin Me Round ( Like a Record ) '' by Dead or Alive are eligible to chart . On January 17 , 2013 , Billboard added a new chart , Dance/Electronic Songs , which tracks the 50 most popular Dance and Electronic singles and tracks based on club play , single sales , radio airplay , digital downloads , and online streaming . As such , this chart serves as the main component for the Dance Club Songs , Dance/Mix Show Airplay , Dance Single Sales , and Dance/Electronic Digital Songs charts . The chart 's first number one was `` Bad Romance '' by Lady Gaga in the January 23 , 2010 issue and Gaga 's songs spent so far ( as December , 2014 ) a total of 1025 weeks on the chart . The chart 's longest running number-one is `` Bulletproof '' by La Roux , reigning at the lead position for 18 consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5dd26717a6a403cb827f5ec4e1986cd", "text": "Country Grammar Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper Nelly . It was released on June 27 , 2000 , by Universal Records ( who released the album after listening to demos by Nelly , before signing a record deal with the rapper in 1999 ) . The production on the album was handled by Jason `` Jay E '' Epperson , with additional production by C-Love , Kevin Law , City Spud , Steve `` Blast '' Wills and Basement Beats . Nelly contributed to all lyrics on the album , with Epperson and City Spud also contributing . The album introduced a unique Saint Louis , Midwestern sound , and introduces Nelly 's vocal style of pop-rap singalongs and Midwestern , Missouri twang . It was supported four successful singles : `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , `` E.I. '' , `` Ride wit Me '' and `` Batter Up '' . Its lead single , `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart . `` E.I. '' charted at number 16 , number 12 and number 11 on the Hot 100 , UK Singles Chart and ARIA Singles Chart , respectively . `` Ride wit Me '' peaked within the top five on the Hot 100 , ARIA Singles Chart , Irish Singles Chart and UK Singles Chart . The album 's fourth and final single , `` Batter Up '' featuring Murphy Lee and Ali , achieved moderate chart success . Country Grammar received positive reviews , with critics praising Nelly 's vocal style and the album 's production . It topped the US Billboard 200 chart for five consecutive weeks , and the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for six consecutive weeks . It peaked in the top five on the New Zealand Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart , as well as the top ten on the Canadian Albums Chart and Dutch Albums Chart . The album was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand ( RIANZ ) and Music Canada ( MC ) , denoting shipments of 45,000 and 300,000 copies , respectively . In 2016 , Country Grammar became the ninth hip hop album to be certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipment of 10 million copies in the US . Its commercial success secured Nelly 's status as one of the most successful hip hop acts of the 2000s decade . On Billboard decade-end chart , Nelly ranked as the third most successful act of the 2000s decade , due largely to the success of Country Grammar and his follow-up album Nellyville ( 2002 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f41fc194be46ebd6a2ee098c1d1d34ef", "text": "Billboard Top Rock'n'Roll Hits: 1960 Billboard Top Rock 'n' Roll Hits : 1960 is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1988 , featuring ten hit recordings from 1960 . One song included on this disc , The Twist by Chubby Checker , is not an original Cameo/Parkway recording but a late 60 's re-recording . The reason was because Cameo/Parkway 's collection of songs was not able to be licensed for release on CD at that time . Rhino , therefore could not include the original recording . It is a rare instance that Rhino would substitute an original recording for a newer recording . Two versions of this volume in the `` Billboard Top Hits '' series were released . The original version was released in 1988 and included two appearances by Elvis Presley : `` It 's Now or Never '' and `` Stuck on You . '' In 1993 , the album was re-released and replaced the two Elvis songs with Joe Jones ' `` You Talk Too Much '' and Brenda Lee 's `` Sweet Nothin 's . '' The track lineup on the original 1988 release includes eight songs that reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The substitution of the Elvis Presley tracks on the re-release brings that number down to six . On both releases , all tracks reached the Hot 100 's Top 10 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d5f7f5ad597036cb4bee4a1aa14adbc", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 2002 The highest-selling albums and EPs in the United States are ranked in the Billboard 200 , published by Billboard magazine . The data are compiled by Nielsen Soundscan based on each album 's weekly physical and digital sales . 25 acts achieved number one albums during this year with artist such as Nelly and Shania Twain who had their albums debut at number one on the chart . Rapper Eminem 's The Eminem Show is the best selling album of 2002 selling over approximately 7.6 million copies by the end of the year . It is also the longest running album of 2002 spending six non-consecutive weeks the chart and was known for its first full week of sales debut of 1.322 million copies which Nielsen SoundScan scanned as the sixth largest sales of all time in its first week . Its debut of 1.322 million copies has still not been matched by any album today since except for Taylor Swift 's album 1989 , which opened with first week sales of 1.279 million copies . The band Creed continued its eight week long run on the chart but is credited as the longest running album 2001 . Jennifer Lopez earned her second number one album on the charts with J to tha L-O ! : The Remixes , which became the highest first week sales of a remix album at the time . R&B artist Ashanti earned her first number one album with her self-titled debut album Ashanti , which opened up with first week sales of 503,000 copies in its first week alone . Puff Daddy earned his first number one album since No Way Out back in 1997 . Rapper Jay-Z earned his fifth chart topper with The Blueprint 2 : The Gift & The Curse , which opened up with first week sales of 545,000 copies alone . Heavy metal band Disturbed earned its first number one album on the chart with Believe , which opened up with first week sales of 284,000 copies alone . Country music singer Shania Twain 's album Up ! opened up with a huge first week sales of 857,000 copies in its first week alone , giving her the recognition of the highest first week sales of her career and second highest of the year , only behind Eminem 's The Eminem Show and at the time the fastest selling solo female album ever . Nelly 's album Nellyville opened up with his highest first week sales of his career which logged on with huge sales of 714,000 copies in its first week alone , which beat his sales of his debut album Country Grammar , which opened up with first week sales of 235,000 copies . Country singer Alan Jackson album Drive gave him his first number one album on the chart and opened up with first week sales of 211,000 copies alone .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6edf8bd82d3ca4623b75145a7244e0fd	Jean-Claude Van Damme was born on October 30, 1960.	[ { "docid": "3566c2329b25f674119f5a71a9d99ed5", "text": "Jean-Claude Van Damme Jean-Claude Camille François Van Varenberg ( born 18 October 1960 ) , professionally known as Jean-Claude Van Damme and abbreviated as JCVD , is a Belgian actor , martial artist , screenwriter , film producer , and director best known for his martial arts action films . The most successful of these films include Bloodsport ( 1988 ) , Kickboxer ( 1989 ) , Lionheart ( 1990 ) , Double Impact ( 1991 ) , Universal Soldier ( 1992 ) , Hard Target ( 1993 ) , Street Fighter ( 1994 ) , Timecop ( 1994 ) , Sudden Death ( 1995 ) , JCVD ( 2008 ) and The Expendables 2 ( 2012 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1298c59a08e60e174863ccff8ebf7f29", "text": "The Gigolo (1960 film) The Gigolo ( Le gigolo ) is a 1960 French romantic drama film written and directed by Jacques Deray . It is loosely based on the novel Le Gigolo written by Jacques Robert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9bbfc07f1fdf145dc3a527df667a6a2", "text": "Ivorian presidential election, 2010 A presidential election was held in two rounds in Ivory Coast ( Côte d'Ivoire ) . The first round was held on 31 October 2010 and a second round , in which President Laurent Gbagbo faced opposition leader Alassane Ouattara , was held on 28 November 2010 . Originally scheduled to be held in 2005 , the vote was delayed several times due to the Ivorian Civil War and difficulties involved in the organization and preparation of the election . A peace agreement between the government and the former rebel New Forces was signed on 4 March 2007 , and in late April 2009 , it was announced that the election would be held by 6 December 2009 , and that the date would be announced shortly . On 15 May 2009 , the date was announced to be 29 November 2009 . On 11 November , the election was postponed again due to delays in the electoral roll . It was announced on 3 December 2009 to be held in late February or early March 2010 . The election , in which ethnicity and the country 's north-south divide played a crucial role , ultimately pitted President Gbagbo , who had a strong support base in the south , against the long-time opposition leader and former Prime Minister Ouattara , who had overwhelming support in much of the north . The events leading up to the second round and following it were characterized by serious tension and some incidents of violence , and the preliminary report of the Carter Center `` cautions against a rush to judgment regarding the overall credibility of the election '' , but most observers considered that the overall result was not compromised , and that the election was essentially free and fair . On 2 December 2010 , the Independent Electoral Commission ( IEC ) released provisional results showing that Ouattara had won the election in the second round with 54 % of the vote . However the President of the Constitutional Council immediately declared that the results were invalid and the next day , in accordance with article 94 of the Constitution , the Constitutional Council declared Gbagbo the winner . Both Gbagbo and Ouattara claimed victory and took the presidential oath of office . The ensuing events led to the 2010 -- 2011 Ivorian crisis . The international community , including the United Nations , the African Union , the Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) , the European Union , the United States , and former colonial power France have affirmed their support for Ouattara , who is `` almost universally acknowledged to have defeated -LSB- Gbagbo -RSB- at the ballot box , '' and have called for Gbagbo to step down , despite the fact that the body charged by the Constitution with determining electoral disputes had declared Gbagbo to be the winner . On 18 December , Gbagbo ordered all UN peacekeepers to leave the country . However , the UN has refused , and the Security Council has extended the mandate of the UN Mission in Ivory Coast until 30 June 2011 . International powers have been in talks to enlarge the UN force in the Ivory Coast . The World Bank has halted loans to the country and travel restrictions have been placed on Gbagbo and his political allies . The rising political tensions resulted in a sharp jump in cocoa prices , up to an increase of 10 percent . The Ivory Coast is the world 's largest producer of the crop . After fighting the Second Ivorian Civil War , Gbagbo was forcefully removed from office and Ouattara took office as the undisputed president on April 11 , 2012 . Afterward , Gbagbo was indicted and arrested by the International Criminal Court .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de9224d55134dae053880e8749fde0a0", "text": "Alexandre Debanne Alexandre Debanne ( born April 8 , 1960 ) is a French television presenter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb9dd56e5aad610c0c6e3b162697d83e", "text": "Bâtiment des Forces motrices The Bâtiment des Forces motrices ( BFM ) , French for `` Power plant building '' , is the power house of a former hydro power plant and waterworks in Geneva called Usine des Forces Motrices , later Usine des Forces Motrices de la Coulouvrenière . The structure is positioned near the point where the River Rhône flows out of Lake Geneva towards Lyon . It was created between 1883 and 1892 ( and subjected to subsequent improvements ) to exploit the flow of the river to provide water pressure to feed the city 's water supply and a hydraulic power network . Furthermore , the weir of the structure was designed to regulate the level of the lake . The structure lost its original function as a power source in 1963 , but it nevertheless continued to house pumping equipment to service Geneva 's drinking water supply till 1988 . The weir of the power plant was used some more years till it was taken over by the Barrage du Seujet ( Seujet barrage ) in 1995 , which is located approximately fifty meters downstream from the BFM . Towards the end of the twentieth century the BFM was converted into an entertainment venue , reopening in 1997 as an opera house / concert hall designed by the architect Bernard Picenni in association with the acoustician Peutz and the scenographer dUCKS scéno . At the time when the project was defined as a `` power plant '' there was no automatic correlation between a `` power plant '' and a public electricity supply . The idea in 1882 was to feed power in the form of pressurized water to local manufacturing businesses , who could use it to operate their own powered machinery , which might indeed include generators . Another objective involved using the pumped water to feed the reservoirs of the public drinking water supply . However , in 1887 electricity generation started in a building nearby the BFM , where generators were driven by pressurized water supplied from the BFM . The hydraulic power network needed a pressure valve to avoid the damage from excessive pressure within the network which was located beside the BFM and which was the precursor to Geneva 's Jet d'Eau ( fountain ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ebad71a49d2673a5b6bb1d121a292ad", "text": "Dumè Dominique Mattei ( born in 1981 in Marseille , France ) better known by the stage name Dumè is a French singer , composer and actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c219fa0d73649b8c0222a1ca7d779475", "text": "Documenteur Documenteur also known as Documenteur : An Emotion Picture is a French-American feature film by French director Agnès Varda . The film debuted at the 1981 Toronto International Film Festival . The film stars Sabine Mamou as a single mother and Varda 's son Mathieu Demy as her son . Though the film stands on its own it was made as a companion piece to the documentary Murs Murs in which Varda filmed mural art around L.A. and interviewed the artists who had made the pieces . Many of the murals filmed in Murs Murs appears in Documenteur and the film even opens with the same image as Murs Murs ended on .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c49b3839f2e317b1ab416dd47c32e5f6", "text": "De Grootste Belg De Grootste Belg ( The Greatest Belgian ) was a 2005 vote conducted by Belgian public TV broadcaster Canvas , public radio broadcaster Radio 1 , and newspaper De Standaard , to determine who is the Greatest Belgian of all time . It could be considered as a Flemish list , considering that French-speaking community broadcast RTBF also held a vote , Le plus grand Belge . Nominees needed to have lived between 50 BC and now , between the borders of present-day Belgium . This is because Belgium only gained its independence in 1830 , while numerous historical individuals from , for example , the Spanish Netherlands , are considered to be `` Belgians '' . An initial list of 111 names ( 100 decided by a panel , 11 added by the public after a preliminary poll ) was set online . People could vote for their favourites to reduce the longlist to a shortlist of ten . After the first television show , the final list of ten nominees was announced . Two of them , Ambiorix and Hendrik Conscience , came out of the 11 names chosen by the public instead of the 100 chosen by the panel . The ten finalists were each presented on Canvas with a documentary , their nomination defended by famous Flemish people . On 1 December 2005 , Pater Damiaan was announced as the winner of the `` De Grootste Belg '' poll , beating Paul Janssen and Eddy Merckx .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a116b69c0dfd003c9a6e9824c124fdd8", "text": "Felicity Montagu Felicity J. Montagu ( born 12 September 1960 ) is an English actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee3bb8c61d8948edfd786032be8d0e60", "text": "Claude Chalhoub Claude Chalhoub ( -LSB- ) born in Qaa , Lebanon in 1974 , from a Christian musical family of 11 children , attended the Lebanese Conservatoire before entering the Royal College of Music in London as winner of the prestigious Queen Elizabeth Scholarship award . He is fluent in Classical Western music and Arabic improvisation , and was concertmaster for Daniel Barenboim 's ` West-Eastern Divan Orchestra ' ( 1999 - 2002 ) . Furthermore , he was invited by Yo-Yo Ma to Tanglewood/USA to support him in his Silk Road Project . His debut release on Teldec Classics International called Claude Chalhoub is the result of an exclusive recording contract with Canadian producer Michael Brook . The compositions consist of western classical elements being blended into a more Indian/Arabic flavor , with the addition of ethnic percussion and electronic effects . Claude Chalhoub plays on a Stradivarius from the Stradivari Society also featuring vocals from Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan . His second album Diwan exclusively in the sphere of classical music was produced by Herzog Records in collaboration with the Gewandhausorchester of Leipzig , Germany . The album offers original compositions for violin solo and orchestra with baroque & oriental sound images . In 2015 , he produced the DVD Marionettes Dance , directed by Boris Penth in collaboration with the University of Music & Performing Arts of Vienna , Austria . As a violinist Claude Chalhoub has performed the classical repertoire for violin as well as his own music world-wide and with the most renowned orchestra 's and magnificent musicians , including the Symphony Orchestra 's of London , Halle and Holland , Michael Brook , Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan , Tobias Koch , Calefax Reed Quintet , The Edmond Chamber Players to name a few . His repertoire includes Beethoven , Mozart , Khachaturian , Brahms , Bruch Violin Concerto , Korngold Violin Concerto , his own arrangement of Mendelson Violin Concerto in E . An example of his international versatility was a collaboration with the Holland Symfonia and the Dutch National Ballet who played & danced to his music at the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam . As a composer , he is well known to the film as well . His compositions are used in ` America Undercover , Persona non grata -- Oliver Stone ( 2003 ) ' , ` Yes -- Sally Potter ( 2004 ) ' or ` Into the Wild -- Sean Penn ( 2007 ) ` , he was commissioned by ` Koran by heart -- Greg Barker ( 2011 ) ` and playing the solos in ` India : Kingdom of the Tiger -- Bruce Neibaur ( 2002 ) , ` Caramel -- Nadine Labaki ( 2007 ) ` and ` Where do we go now -- Nadine Labaki ( 2011 ) ' . In 2012 , he composed and arranged the latest of Majida El Roumi 's albums ` Ghazal ' . After many years in Beirut working among others as Dean of the chamber music department at the Lebanese National Higher Conservatory of Music he now lives in Vienna , Austria . A film biography on Chalhoub 's life and career called ` Singing on the Violin ' by German director Boris Penth ( 2007 ) has been broadcast internationally , among others on TV channels WDR , 3Sat , Bayerischer Rundfunk , ABC1 , Arte , Euro arts , www.medici.tv , etc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f346a4543179b3befb737ceae07ac621", "text": "Jean Monnet Jean Omer Marie Gabriel Monnet ( -LSB- ʒɑ̃ mɔnɛ -RSB- ; 9 November 1888 -- 16 March 1979 ) was a French political economist and diplomat . An influential supporter of European unity , he is considered as one of the founding fathers of the European Union . Jean Monnet has been called `` The Father of Europe '' by those who see his innovative and pioneering efforts in the 1950s as the key to establishing the European Coal and Steel Community , the predecessor of today 's European Union . Never elected to public office , Monnet worked behind the scenes of American and European governments as a well-connected pragmatic internationalist . He was named patron of the 1980 -- 1981 academic year at the College of Europe , in honour of his accomplishments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9a0a7b6db3cc1f2e6a4b0af95a428d8", "text": "Jean Bizet Jean Bizet ( born 30 August 1947 in Le Teilleul ) is a member of the Senate of France , representing the Manche department . He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement . Since March 2010 , he is the chairman of the European Affairs Committee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a55640024457900988c3b2aa9012214", "text": "The Dam Short Film Festival The Dam Short Film Festival is a film festival held annually in Boulder City , Nevada , typically in early February . Lee Lanier and Anita Lanier are the original co-founders of the festival . The festival is organized by the Dam Short Film Society , a non-profit 501 ( c ) 3 Nevada corporation . Past festival sponsors have included The Art Institutes , the Nevada Film Office , the Hacienda Hotel and Casino , and Cirque du Soleil . The Society receives annual grants from the National Endowment for the Arts via the Nevada Arts Council . Started in 2005 , the Dam Short Film Festival only screens films that run between 1 and 40 minutes . Generally , there are between 100 and 140 short films programmed each year . Although most of the festival shorts are submitted by student , independent , and other `` up-and-coming '' filmmakers , the stiff competition means many of the shorts have been produced involving film professionals . These have included Oscar-winner Louis Gossett Jr. in `` Window , '' Oscar-winner , Tom Hanks , William Shatner , and Michael York in `` Why Shakespeare ? '' , the late Bela Lugosi narrating an animation based on the Edgar Allan Poe classic `` The Tell-Tale Heart '' , Francesco Quinn in `` The Gnostic '' , and Robert Wagner and Lori Singer in `` Little Victim '' The short films are arranged into thematic programs , such as international drama , crime drama , dramedy , science-fiction , horror , comedy , avant-garde , underground , and animation . In addition to the regular screenings , the festival presents special showcases and retrospectives ; for example , the 2009 event featured a showcase dedicated to documentary filmmaker Jay Rosenblatt while 2008 included a program dedicated to animator Jim Blashfield The festival also presents parties , mixers , filmmaker panels , and Q&A sessions with attending filmmakers . In 2008 , the Festival moved to the historic 400-seat Boulder Theatre . The Theatre was built in 1931 and is currently owned by Desi Arnaz Jr. and his wife Amy . 2014 marked the 10th anniversary of the festival . At present , Lee Lanier serves as the Dam Short Film Society 's executive director while John LaBonney serves as festival director . The Society has a working board of directors that varies from 4 to 6 members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7004407800b17bbd072005f91a668147", "text": "Paul Van Dam Paul R. Van Dam ( born October 15 , 1937 ) is an American politician and attorney in the state of Utah . He served as Attorney General of Utah from 1989 to 1993 , as a Democrat . He attended the University of Utah and is a former Salt Lake County district attorney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fccb6ca7ad5333001b2afba40c9648b3", "text": "Willy Voet Willy Voet ( born July 4 , 1945 ) is a Belgian sports physiotherapist . He is most widely known for his involvement in the Festina affair in the 1998 Tour de France ( often dubbed the `` Tour of Shame '' ) . Voet was born into a working-class family , with a father who worked as a train driver and who had been a semi-professional footballer and a mother who was an upholsterer . Voet started racing bicycles at the age of 15 and enjoyed some success as a junior , winning around 20 races in total , and scoring a win against Herman Van Springel . Voet 's first encounter with drugs was at the age of 18 when a friend and club team-mate persuaded him to take amphetamines for a race . He continued racing as an amateur until the age of 23 , and returned to cycling as a soigneur six years later . After initially freelancing , he obtained his first contract as a soigneur with the Flandria team . Through his work as a soigneur Voet came to learn about the range of drugs used by riders and the techniques used to evade drug testing . Voet worked for a number of other teams , including Marc Zeep Centrale , Daf-Trucks and RMO , before joining Festina in 1993 . On 8 July 1998 , Voet was stopped by French Customs agents as he tried to cross the French-Belgian border close to Neuville-en-Ferrain , near Lille in northern France . In his Festina team car , the agents found large quantities of syringes and controlled substances including narcotics , erythropoietin ( EPO ) , growth hormones , testosterone and amphetamines . He was arrested and the Festina cycling team was suspended from the race . Further investigation led to the suspension , arrest and prosecution of numerous Festina and TVM team riders and staff . In 2000 , Voet went on trial . He was convicted , given a 10-month suspended sentence and ( the equivalent of ) a US$ 4,200 fine . Voet 's book Prikken en slikken ( translated as `` Breaking The Chain '' ) was released in 1999 . In it , he claims to have revealed all that he knew regarding doping practices in the cycling world . The book also includes photographs of the written doping records he used to keep track of the different performance-enhancing drugs and dosages he had given to each of the team 's cyclists . Those records were used in court as evidence during the trials of the Festina affair . Voet says he worked with the Festina team doctor , Eric Rijkaert , whose opinion was that drug-taking could not be eliminated from cycling and that it would be better therefore to see that doping happened with medical supervision . Rykaert died soon after the Festina trial and Voet left the sport to become a bus driver . He has been declared persona non grata by the Tour de France management and been asked to stay away from the race even as a private individual . He does maintain contact with cycling , however , and sometimes appears at seminars aimed at a greater understanding and greater restriction of drug-taking in cycling . In 2002 Union Cycliste Internationale ( then led by Hein Verbruggen ) sued Voet over specific claims in his book . In 2004 the UCI won the case , and in 2006 won the appeal . Voet had made various claims about UCI and Verbruggen 's behavior related to the Laurent Brochard Lidocaine case at the 1997 UCI Road World Championships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca830f4d08e529fee74b94f6b1eecca5", "text": "Histoire(s) du cinéma Histoire ( s ) du cinéma ( -LSB- is.twaʁ dy si.ne.ma -RSB- ) is an 8-part video project begun by Jean-Luc Godard in the late 1980s and completed in 1998 . The longest , at 266 minutes , and one of the most complex of Godard 's films , Histoire ( s ) du cinéma is an examination of the history of the concept of cinema and how it relates to the 20th century ; in this sense , it can also be considered a critique of the 20th century and how it perceives itself . The project is considered by many the most important work of the late period of Godard 's career . Histoire ( s ) du cinéma is always referred to by its French title , because of the word play it implies : histoire means both `` history '' and `` story , '' and the s in parentheses gives the possibility of a plural . Therefore , the phrase Histoire ( s ) du cinéma simultaneously means The History of Cinema , Histories of Cinema , The Story of Cinema and Stories of Cinema . Similar double or triple meanings , as well as puns , are a recurring motif throughout Histoire ( s ) and much of Godard 's work . The film was screened out of competition at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival . Nine years later , it was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1997 Festival . The soundtrack was released as a 5-CD boxed set on the ECM record label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "886296610031239f03da1537fafa5ae4", "text": "Mytheme In structuralism-influenced studies of mythology , a mytheme is a fundamental generic unit of narrative structure ( typically involving a relationship between a character , an event , and a theme ) from which myths are thought to be constructed - a minimal unit that is always found shared with other , related mythemes and reassembled in various ways ( `` bundled '' ) or linked in more complicated relationships . For example , the myths of Adonis and Osiris share several elements , leading some scholars to conclude that they share a source , i.e. images passed down in cultures or from one to another , being ascribed new interpretations of the action depicted , as well as new names in various readings of icons . Claude Lévi-Strauss ( 1908-2009 ) , who gave the term wide circulation , wrote , `` If one wants to establish a parallel between structural linguistics and the structural analysis of myths , the correspondence is established , not between mytheme and word but between mytheme and phoneme . '' The structuralist analyzer of folk tales , Vladimir Propp , treated the individual tale as the unit of analysis . The unitary mytheme , by contrast , is the equivalent in myth of the phonemes , morphemes , and sememes into which structural linguistics divides language , the smallest possible units of sound , structure , and meaning ( respectively ) within a language system . In the 1950s Claude Lévi-Strauss first adapted this technique of language analysis to analytic myth criticism . In his work on the myth systems of primitive tribes , working from the analogy of language structure , he adopted the French term mythème , with the assertion that the system of meaning within mythic utterances parallels closely that of a language system . Roman Jakobson varies this idea , treating mythemes as concepts or phonemes which have no significance in themselves but whose significance might be shown by sociological analysis . Philosophers such as Daniel Dennett have also used the term `` mytheme '' . Lev Manovich uses the terms seme and mytheme in his book , The Language of New Media , to describe aspects of culture that computer images enter into dialog with .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99797acc5465472965d5f2488408152a", "text": "The Truth (1960 film) The Truth ( La Vérité ) is a 1960 French film directed by Henri-Georges Clouzot and starring Brigitte Bardot . The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a03fca7c71156afde25a8d9993040d1f", "text": "Mark Demesmaeker Mark Demesmaeker ( -LSB- mɑrk dəˈmɛsmakər -RSB- ; born 12 September 1958 in Halle , Flemish Brabant ) is a Belgian politician affiliated to the New Flemish Alliance ( N-VA ) . He was elected as a member of the Flemish Parliament in 2004 and reelected in 2009 . In 2013 , Demesmaeker left the Flemish Parliament to replace Frieda Brepoels ( who became mayor of Bilzen ) as member of the European Parliament . He was directly elected in 2014 to keep this position . In 2006 , he was elected to the City Council of Halle and became alderman . In 2012 , he was reelected with the most preference votes , but a coalition was formed without his party . Previously he had been a teacher as well as a television presenter for VRT and vtm . Member of the European Parliament Following the resignation of Frieda Brepoels , who was elected to the post of mayor in Bilzen , Mark Demesmaeker joined the European Parliament as N-VA MEP in February 2013 . He was replaced in the Flemish Parliament by Piet De Bruyn . From February 2013 until May 2014 , he sat with the Group of the Greens and the European Free Alliance ( a group made up of ecologists and moderate regionalist and independentist parties with a centrist or liberal outlook ) . In the European elections of 2014 , Demesmaeker was re-elected with a resounding majority with 125 000 preferential votes . The N-VA received the greatest share of votes across the Flanders region and was able to send 4 MEPs to the European Parliament , the single largest amount of MEPs ever sent by one party in Flanders to the European Parliament . In June the party moved to the European Conservatives and Reformists group , where Demesmaeker is head of the N-VA delegation . In the European Parliament Demesmaeker is a full member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and a substitute member of the Committee on the Environment , Public Health and Food Safety , where he focuses on biodiversity ( rapporteur ) and circular economy ( ECR shadow rapporteur ) . He also sits on the subcommittee on Human Rights , where he is the coordinator for the ECR group . Human Rights and Self-Determination Mark Demesmaeker is an ardent defender of universal human rights and of the basic principles of democratic government and self-determination . In the European Parliament he strives to give a voice not only to Flanders , but also to democratic regionalists and nationalists from Scotland , Catalonia , the Basque Country and elsewhere across Europe . In general terms , he lends his support to the drive to obtain greater self-determination and to gain recognition the historic languages , identity and cultural specificity of minority groups and small nations . He has a long-standing interest in Ireland and Irish affairs and since his arrival in the Parliament , Demesmaeker has been particularly involved with the Basque Friendship Group , an informal group of MEPs that has been working towards a peaceful resolution of conflict in the Basque Country for several years now . Ukraine-Russia Relations The other major concern pursued by Demesmaeker since arriving in the European Parliament has been his support for a peaceful resolution to the Ukrainian-Russian conflict . In addition to his responsibilities on the Foreign Affairs Committee , Demesmaker is the vice-president of the informal group ` Friends of European Ukraine ' . Present in Kiev during the Maidan Square demonstrations , he responded immediately to the protests resulting from President Yanukovitch 's cancellation of the signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU . He has since followed events in Ukraine closely , travelling several times to witness events on the ground . Since the outbreak of the outright hostilities between Ukraine and Russian backed separatists , he has visited the front-line twice , visits that have been widely reported across the international media . Predictably , his reports alongside his unwavering support for the Ukrainian people have not been viewed favourably by the Kremlin . On 28 May 2015 , Mark Demesmaeker was placed on President Putin 's black list of `` undesirables '' on Russian territory , rendering travel to Russia impossible under the present regime . Sometime later , by the Decree of 21 of August 2015 , Demesmaeker was decorated with the `` Order of Merit ' by the President of Ukraine , Petro Poroshenko , for the personal contribution he has made , and continues to make , to supporting Ukraine on its path to reform . This contribution includes his unwavering denunciation of Russian aggression as well as the central role he has played in strengthening dialogue between Ukraine and the EU .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04446145fce8718e0d9ebdfb84476a36", "text": "Until Death Until Death is a 2007 American action film directed by Simon Fellows , and starring Jean-Claude Van Damme and Gary Beadle . The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on April 24 , 2007 . Jean-Claude Van Damme plays Anthony Stowe , a dirty police detective hooked on heroin whom everybody hates . After being shot in a gunfight he falls into a coma . Months later he recovers and decides to use his second chance at life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01edd82ea750d82fd6100d294216e778", "text": "Jim van Os Jim van Os ( born 1960 ) is a Dutch professor of psychiatry and epidemiology .", "title": "" } ]	fever
e5c7dc604843e17e8977d43e365da183	Selena Gomez's album is called Revival.	[ { "docid": "c425b7e2bed3128b09fd4ad27295580b", "text": "Selena Gomez Selena Marie Gomez ( -LSB- səˈliːnə_məˈɹiː_ˈɡoʊmɛz -RSB- ; -LSB- seˈlena ˈɣomes -RSB- ; born July 22 , 1992 ) is an American actress and singer . Having appeared in the children 's television series Barney & Friends while growing up , she rose to fame playing the role of Alex Russo on the Disney Channel series Wizards of Waverly Place ( 2007 -- 2012 ) . In 2008 , she signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records and formed her band Selena Gomez & the Scene . The band released three studio albums and produced four top 30 singles by 2011 . Gomez also formed her own production company in 2008 , July Moon Productions ; she serves as an executive producer on the Netflix original series 13 Reasons Why , which released in March 2017 . Between 2009 and 2011 , Gomez starred in films such as Princess Protection Program , Ramona and Beezus , and Monte Carlo , and took on a more mature role in Spring Breakers ( 2013 ) . Gomez also took her singing career in a different direction , with the release of her first solo album Stars Dance ( 2013 ) ; the album debuted atop the Billboard 200 in the United States and included the top ten single `` Come & Get It . '' Gomez released a compilation album in 2014 as her fifth and final release through Hollywood Records , which was preceded by her second top ten single `` The Heart Wants What It Wants '' , and signed a new recording contract with Interscope Records . In 2015 , she released her second solo album , Revival , which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , while the first three singles , `` Good for You , '' `` Same Old Love , '' and `` Hands to Myself , '' all topped the Mainstream Top 40 chart in the United States . Gomez has also starred in the films The Fundamentals of Caring ( 2016 ) , In Dubious Battle ( 2016 ) , and in the Hotel Transylvania films . Since the start of her singing career , she has gone on to sell over 7 million albums and 22 million singles worldwide , according to Billboard . Gomez has earned a number of awards and nominations for her work as an actress and singer , and has won a Billboard Women in Music award , an MTV Video Music Award , an American Music Award , and fifteen Teen Choice Awards . As of November 2016 , Gomez is the most-followed Instagram user in the world .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "170168ba0490fcd04ca54485639f4068", "text": "El Reencuentro El Reencuentro was the name that six ex-members of musical group Menudo used for their comeback concert remembering Menudo 's golden era . Ricky Melendez , Rene Farrait , Miguel Cancel , Johnny Lozada , Ray Reyes and Charlie Masso re-joined to celebrate the 15th anniversary of their success in Latin America , North America , Spain and several other countries in the world . They started in 1998 as an experimental project and they had an unexpected success that continued until 2000 through North and Latin America . On August 25 , 2015 , El Reencuentro announced that they would no longer be performing as a group . The group could not use the name Menudo because Edgardo Diaz threatened to take legal action if they did . During 2015 , four of the members of El Reencuentro went back on tour , this time under the name Menudomania Forever . These included Masso , Farrait , Reyes and Cancel . They were joined from 13 other Menudo from different eras , including Robert Avellanet , Jonathan Montenegro and Rawy Torres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7c9d2b411e9908e8a9791919fc88e0b", "text": "Selena Gomez & the Scene: Live in Concert The Selena Gomez & the Scene : Live in Concert was the debut concert tour by American pop band Selena Gomez & the Scene . Beginning in the fall of 2009 , the trek supported the band 's first studio album , Kiss & Tell . The tour primarily reached the United States and England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29f3fc7c8920970209411afa586d7cf9", "text": "Sasha, Benny y Erik Sasha , Benny y Erik are a pop band from Mexico . The group was formed by 3 former members of the Mexican pop group Timbiriche , consisting of Sasha Sokol , Benny Ibarra and Erik Rubin who are close friends in real life . With much anticipation by their fans , Sasha , Benny and Erik released the live album Primera Fila : Sasha Benny Erik . The project has enjoyed much success with a national tour that started in late 2012 and has continued through much of 2014 . The album has been certified triple platinum + gold in Mexico for sales exceeding 210,000 copies . Originally , the band performed 2 concerts at the National Auditorium in Mexico City in April 2013 , but due to demand , they did two more concerts at the venue in September of that same year . In 2013 , they released En Vivo desde el Auditorio Nacional , which went gold a few days after its release . At the end of 2013 , the album Primera Fila : Sasha Benny Erik was officially recognized by AMPROFON as the second best-selling album in Mexico that year ( after the album `` Confidencias '' by Alejandro Fernandez ) . In late 2014 , Sasha , Benny y Erik will release their first studio album `` Vuelta al Sol '' and release `` Esta Noche '' as their first single . Next singles were `` Todo tiene su lugar '' , `` Japi '' and `` Punto de partida '' . In 2015 , they performed at National Auditorium twice ( two concerts in May and other two in November ) . In early 2016 , they will release a new live album with new songs and hits , performed with several guests . First single `` Lo Siento '' featuring Pepe Aguilar , was released on February 19 in iTunes . In May , `` Entre Amigos '' was released and the band announced the end of the project in December . The album was certified as Gold some weeks later and they startred a farewell tour , which final performance will be on December 31 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dba910199abf6c02d97e429550ce91e8", "text": "Ricky Vela Ricardo `` Ricky '' Vela is an American award-winning songwriter and keyboardist for the band Selena y Los Dinos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "704e145dfebe82c6d675a08cfe9b6bc4", "text": "Silencio=Muerte: Red Hot + Latin Silencio = Muerte : Red Hot + Latin , The tenth entry in the Red Hot Benefit Series of compilation albums , takes a post-modern look at the contemporary rock en Español scene . This compilation features music from Spanish , Pan-American , as well non-Latin/Anglo-American acts that have either transformed the sounds and images of Latin music or have been influenced by the same . As with other entries in the series , this project tailors its AIDS-awareness message to a specific target . Here , the focus is on the rapidly expanding epidemic of AIDS in Latin America . Upon its release in 1997 , Silencio = Muerte peaked at # 14 and # 48 on Billboard '' 's Latin pop and Top Latin Albums , respectively . The album was re-issued by Nacional Records in 2006 as Red Hot + Latin Redux '' , including new bonus tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86e5c6c7999a3eeeec7969ee18801599", "text": "El Indomable El Indomable is an album by Cristian Castro . It was his first ranchera and mariachi crossover attempt . It is produced by Pedro Ramírez and Vicente Fernández . The first single from the album is José Alfredo Jiménez 's `` Tu Retirada '' . As of July 11 , 2007 , the album has sold 12,868 copies in the US . El Indomable was nominated at The Latin Grammy Awards of 2007 for Regional Mexican Album of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "272d5281745687723fbce2af18dd7f4a", "text": "Regeneration (Superchick album) Regeneration is Christian rock band Superchick 's first remix album . It was released on October 21 , 2003 . `` Me Against the World '' , featured on the soundtrack for Legally Blonde 2 , is the only non-remix song on the record . `` One Girl Revolution ( Battle Mix ) '' also appeared on Beauty From Pain 1.1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdcd1da3740b1adcfa5fa49c5e75487a", "text": "Revival (Bellowhead album) Revival is the fifth studio album by Bellowhead . It was announced at their 10th anniversary concerts in Manchester and London . The album consists mainly of traditional folk songs and sea shanties . Unusually for the band , the album includes a cover : `` I Want to See the Bright Lights Tonight '' ( Richard and Linda Thompson ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4a3779ac5800e52befad4a06510941c", "text": "Eiza González discography Eiza González 's career as a recording artist began in 2007 with the release of the soundtrack for Lola , érase una vez . The soundtrack earned platinum certification in Mexico for sales of more than 100,000 units . Following the success of her telenovela , Eiza recorded and released her debut album , Contracorriente in Mexico in November 2009 . The album peaked on the Mexican charts at number 13 ; it was released in the US in January 2010 where it peaked at number 25 . In addition to working on telenovela soundtracks , Eiza has also participated in various productions for films and television shows . Eiza González 's discography consists of two studio albums as a solo artist , two telenovela soundtracks , one EP , three singles , and six music videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2d683497bb8dfa74fc87dc805485fa4", "text": "De Película (Gloria Trevi album) De Película is the ninth studio album by Mexican singer Gloria Trevi . It was released on 24 September 2013 through Universal Music Group . The album produced five singles , two of which were used in Trevi 's 2012 telenovela Libre Para Amarte .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2bb04856c6dfd5c00838481abd1a9fd", "text": "List of best-selling albums in Spain This is a list of the best-selling albums in Spain that have been certified by the Productores de Música de España ( PROMUSICAE ) . PROMUSICAE is in charge of certifying records in Spain . Until October 2005 , the certification levels for albums in Spain were 50,000 for Gold and 100,000 for Platinum . The current levels , however , are 20,000 for Gold and 40,000 for Platinum . Of the 20 best selling albums in Spain , Spanish artists dominate the list with fourteen entries . Two Italian artists and one artist each from the United Kingdom , United States , Cuba and Mexico complete the list . Three acts - Alejandro Sanz , Mecano , and David Bisbal - appear more than once in the list . Alejandro Sanz tops the list with `` Más '' , selling around 2.2 million copies in the country and being certified 22 times . The best-selling non-Spanish language album in Spain is Spice by Spice Girls , which sold 1 million copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e4af0e793c036d9e5121c8c7165a497", "text": "Shower (song) `` Shower '' is a song by American singer Becky G from her upcoming English studio album . It was released on April 23 , 2014 by Kemosabe Records and RCA Records as the lead single from the record . The song was written by Gomez , Dr. Luke , Cirkut , and Rock City and it was produced by Dr. Luke and Cirkut . It is Gomez 's first top 20 hit in the United States . The official remix features American rapper Tyga .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fff2cfe403a27ec393012decc92f8d5", "text": "The Heart Wants What It Wants `` The Heart Wants What It Wants '' is a song by American singer Selena Gomez from her 2014 compilation album For You . It was released on November 6 , 2014 , through Hollywood Records . The song was written by Gomez , Antonina Armato and Tim James . Additional songwriting was provided by David Jost . Armato and James , who collectively form the production duo Rock Mafia , also produced the song . A mid-tempo pop and R&B track with a minimal electropop beat , its accompanying music video was premiered on November 6 , 2014 , alongside the premiere of the song itself . It is Gomez 's last release under the label . Music critics mostly commended the song 's lyrical content , production , vocals , and Gomez 's new direction . The song reached number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . It also reached number six in Canada , and peaked in the top 40 in sixteen countries , including Australia , Belgium , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a73e13944f26137049dc7539b9868c8f", "text": "Luna (Ana Gabriel album) Luna ( English Moon ) is the 9th studio album by Mexican pop singer Ana Gabriel . It was released on November 9 , 1993 . This material was produced by herself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23eda5da586f932392c2785c58780188", "text": "Mexican pop music Mexican pop is a music genre produced in Mexico , particularly intended for teenagers and young adults . Mexico is the country that exports the most entertainment in Spanish language . Mexican pop was limited to Latin America until the mid-1990s , when an interest towards this type of music increased after Luis Miguel 's , Lynda Thomas ' , Selena 's , Thalía 's , Gloria Trevi 's and Paulina Rubio 's debuts before the mainstream USA audience . During the 1960s and 1970s most of the pop music produced in Mexico consisted on Spanish-language versions of English-language rock-and-roll hits . Singers and musical groups like Angélica María , Johnny Laboriel , Alberto Vázquez , Enrique Guzmán or Los Teen Tops performed cover versions of songs by Elvis Presley , Paul Anka , Nancy Sinatra and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e423f23251c8fbf2d4978eacd226cd48", "text": "California (Wilson Phillips album) California '' is the third studio album and the first cover album by American female group Wilson Phillips . The group reunited in 2003 to record it . It is their first studio album in twelve years . The album peaked at # 35 on the charts , and it sold 31,000 copies during the first week of its release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2112e835c30eb0c1c66bbb052c07bfb", "text": "Reunited (Gloria Jones album) Reunited is the fifth studio album released by Gloria Jones in 1982 . Here is the description written on the back of the album : `` Back in 1964 , Gloria Jones still in her mid-teens , was discovered by hit songwriter Ed Cobb . Signing with Cobb 's Greengrass Productions , Gloria recorded her first hit record , `` Heartbeat Pts 1 & 2 , '' which Cobb wrote and produced . `` Heartbeat '' became a classic rhythm and blues tune which later was recorded by Dusty Springfield , Spencer Davis and many other artists who attempted to capture that phenomenal Gloria Jones sound . By then , Gloria had gone on to record other memorable songs for Uptown records , a subsidiary of Capitol \| EMI . Included among these tunes was another Cobb written song , `` Tainted Love '' ( included on this album ) . In fact the group , SOFT CELL , whose version of `` Tainted Love '' reached # 1 worldwide , originally heard Gloria sing this classic years before in Northern England . So strong was Gloria 's following there that she was proclaimed the `` Northern Queen of Soul . '' Marc Bolan of T-Rex was so impressed by Gloria 's talents that they joined forces . As early as 1974 , their innovative fusion of new wave and soul generated a sound which is still a current musical trend . Gloria and all of T-Rex 's fans lost Marc when he was killed in an auto accident in 1977 . In his honor , Gloria wishes to dedicate the cut , `` Sixty Minutes of Making Love '' to Marc and all his fans worldwide . '' This album has yet to be given an official CD release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f70c43e2f143bf5ebf15fc3a5b157bf1", "text": "Spirit (Depeche Mode album) Spirit is the fourteenth studio album by the English electronic music band Depeche Mode , released on 17 March 2017 through Columbia Records . It was preceded by the single `` Where 's the Revolution '' . Spirit is the band 's second album released under Columbia . Depeche Mode recorded it with new producer James Ford .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "672369685de69226ec60ae4ae3a16953", "text": "Reissue For the reissuing of print material see Reprint In the music industry , a reissue ( also re-release , repackage , or re-edition ) is the release of an album which has been released at least once before , sometimes with alterations or additions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2513f52a3038a945652ce419731f0403", "text": "Dance Again... the Hits Dance Again ... the Hits is the first greatest hits album of American entertainer Jennifer Lopez . It was released on July 20 , 2012 , by Epic Records , to coincide with the launch of her first world tour , the Dance Again World Tour . Lopez previously conceived plans for a greatest hits album in 2009 , but instead opted to use the material recorded for her seventh studio album , Love ? , which was released by Island Records in May 2011 after her departure from Epic Records in 2010 . As Lopez owed the label one last album to fulfill her contract , she began work on a new greatest hits album in November 2011 . She later became unsure whether she wanted to go along with plans to release a greatest hits album or a new studio album , eventually deciding on the former . Dance Again ... the Hits comprises eleven previously released tracks , and two new recordings : `` Dance Again '' and `` Goin ' In '' . A deluxe edition of the album was also released , featuring three additional previously released tracks , and a DVD featuring a selection of eleven music videos . The album received generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised it as a reflection of Lopez 's success . Some critics expressed their disappointment in the absence of several successful singles , but deemed this as impressive , noting that this may have been due to the large volume of hit singles she has released over the years . Dance Again ... The Hits was a moderate commercial success , peaking within the top ten in fourteen national charts , and the top twenty in ten national charts .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3c224d93b97c32720a1af284a4c0291e	Adam West was born in September 1928.	[ { "docid": "3e990ca62bfe486b1d9f99afdbbc4755", "text": "Adam West William West Anderson ( born September 19 , 1928 ) , better known as Adam West , is an American actor whose career spans six decades . His acting career began in films in 1959 . He played opposite Chuck Connors in Geronimo ( 1962 ) and The Three Stooges in The Outlaws Is Coming ( 1965 ) . He has also appeared in the science-fiction film Robinson Crusoe on Mars ( 1964 ) , opposite Paul Mantee , and achieved continuing success for the title role in the 1960s ABC series Batman and its theatrical feature film . He has done voice work on The Fairly OddParents , The Simpsons and Family Guy ( he voices fictional versions of himself in all of those animated series ) and also Batman : Return of the Caped Crusaders .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "029220f493ab916332cf032c5a203157", "text": "Armstrong and Miller (radio show) Armstrong and Miller was a short-lived radio programme that aired in March 1998 . There were four 15-minute episodes and it was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 . It starred Alexander Armstrong , Ben Miller , Samuel West , and Tony Gardner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18351ecefe13bdd11c97388a87600f40", "text": "Adam Elliot Adam Elliot ( born 2 January 1972 in Berwick , Victoria , Australia ) is an independent Australian stop-motion animation writer , director and producer based in Melbourne , Australia . His five films have collectively participated in over seven hundred film festivals and have received over one hundred awards , including an Academy Award for Harvie Krumpet and five Annecy Cristals . Elliot calls himself an auteur filmmaker and each of his films have a bittersweet nature to them . He does not engage with commercial work and works exclusively on his own film projects . Based loosely on his family and friends , Elliot calls each of his works a Clayography -- clay animated biography . Each film takes up to five years to complete . He is noted for his use of traditional ` in-camera ' techniques , which means every prop set and character is a ` real ' miniature handcrafted object . Elliot does not use digital additions or computer generated imagery to enhance his visual aesthetic . His company , Adam Elliot Clayographies , produce the films and Elliot 's work practices adhere to the French auteur methodology . Each film has been voiced by notable actors including , Philip Seymour Hoffman , Toni Collette , Geoffrey Rush , Eric Bana , William McInnes , Barry Humphries and John Flaus . Elliot is also a voting member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and in 1999 was awarded The Young Achiever of the Year for Victoria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50ce946479f3b47161181935fc9c694e", "text": "Moray Watson Moray Watson ( 25 June 1928 -- 2 May 2017 ) was an English actor from Sunningdale , Berkshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b9d9e306676790a7e41ab2ca93c2ebf", "text": "Roland West Roland West ( February 20 , 1885 -- March 31 , 1952 ) was a Hollywood director known for his innovative proto-film noir movies of the 1920s and early 1930s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acd4303f4cedf767e915e1cf04817433", "text": "Howard West Howard West ( 1931 -- December 3 , 2015 ) was an American TV producer , best known for his work with long-term partner George Shapiro , in producing and managing Jerry Seinfeld . Together with his childhood friend from Brooklyn , George Shapiro , he was a partner in Shapiro/West and Associates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a984c3eb4c576297b2c8fdd33db3f4af", "text": "Marcus Adam Marcus Adam ( born 28 February 1968 ) is a retired English sportsperson , who represented Great Britain as both a sprinter and a bobsledder . Competing in athletics , he won the gold medal in the 200 metres at the 1990 Commonwealth Games , and also won gold and silver medals respectively in the 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1990 Commonwealth Games and 1990 European Championships . He is also a member of the team which holds the British record in the 4 x 200 metres relay . After retiring from athletics , he shifted to the sport of bobsleigh . He competed in the two-man bobsleigh event at the 2002 Winter Olympics ( finishing in tenth place ) , having previously competed as a sprinter at the 1992 Summer Olympics ( finishing in eighth place in the 200 metres and fourth place in the 4 x 100 metres relay ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0dcc3332288b35ddf6e52a342a6e153", "text": "Anthony West (author) Anthony West ( 4 August 1914 -- 27 December 1987 ) was a British author and literary critic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34bbb73f80b9d5a32d2ac73851615af5", "text": "Geoffrey West Geoffrey Brian West ( born c. 1940 ) is a British theoretical physicist , former president and distinguished professor of the Santa Fe Institute . He is one of the leading scientists working on a scientific model of cities . Among other things his work states that with the doubling of a city 's size , services per capita will generally increase by 15 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d198a29444d2a698f1ac8ac2ac409f39", "text": "Anita West Anita West is a British actress and former television presenter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cbfee3d602db29b32f5d445ede20cfb", "text": "Western Australian Centenary Air Race __ NOTOC __ The Western Australian Centenary Air Race ( also known as the East-West Air Race ) was a 2450 mi air race held in 1929 from Sydney to Perth to commemorate the Western Australia Centenary . The # 1000 handicap winner was Horrie Miller and the # 300 fastest overall time prize was won by Briton Major Hereward de Havilland ( 22 hours 50 minutes 23 seconds ) , who flew the course solo , the only competitor to do so , in a modified de Havilland Gipsy Moth . Determining results in the handicap event was found to be a difficult task , with type of machine , weather conditions , wind direction and strength of wind for each half day 's hop , supplemented by times of starting being taken into consideration . 700 people had turned out at Kalgoorlie to see the competitors off on the final leg of the race . Victorian C.D. Pratt and his co-pilot J.R. Guthrie were both seriously injured when their Gipsy Moth Corio crashed near Baandee , 230 km East of Perth . Weather conditions after leaving Tammin were said to be atrocious , with at least one forced landing and one crash . The 17 teams left from Mascot in Sydney on 29 September 1929 and 14 managed to finish at Maylands Aerodrome on Sunday 7 October .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "750f70d939618cbbe14b94de0553fc69", "text": "George Dreyfus George Dreyfus AM ( born 22 July 1928 , Elberfeld ( today part of Wuppertal ) , Germany ) is an Australian contemporary classical , film and television composer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b006dcbe140c1f78c368b4543092d3", "text": "Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor . Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios . In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever . Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide . Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole . Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected . In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie . Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 . Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0bfc5dea9d6692c0660ac59a1d870c0", "text": "Adam Wiltzie Adam Bryanbaum Wiltzie ( born September 17 , 1969 , New York City ) is a composer and sound engineer . Although he may be best known for founding the seminal ambient classical projects Stars of the Lid , The Dead Texan , Aix Em Klemm , Sleepingdog and A Winged Victory for the Sullen , he also has recorded , played , and worked as a live sound engineer for artists such as The Flaming Lips , Mercury Rev , Labradford , Bedhead , The Bad Livers , Windsor for the Derby , Iron & Wine , Jóhann Jóhannsson , Hauschka and Sparklehorse . He has also composed and licensed music for Hollywood films such as Transformers : Dark of the Moon , Like Crazy , Submission , The Island President , and the trailer for Godzilla 2014 . ` Also for television shows such as House M.D , Nip/Tuck and Eastbound & Down . Most Recently collaborated with Jóhann Jóhannsson on the Golden Globe winning Theory of Everything ( 2014 film ) '' Soundtrack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71ec6f4d6faa2b1f0d754750777e53b7", "text": "Michael Craig (actor) Michael Francis Gregson ( born 27 January 1928 ) , known professionally as Michael Craig , is a British actor and scriptwriter , known for his work in theatre , film and television both in the United Kingdom and Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0533889be4e077844f7b1f4b8235019c", "text": "Barry West Barry West ( born 24 October 1958 ) is an English former professional snooker player .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c29dd815ff689b7fe8c2179390a901e", "text": "Enoch West Enoch James `` Knocker '' West ( 31 March 1886 -- September 1965 ) was an English footballer . Born in Hucknall Torkard , Nottinghamshire , West started his career for Sheffield United . He was not a success at Bramall Lane , and in 1905 a fee of # 5 was enough to convince the Blades to sell him to Nottingham Forest . In 1910 , he transferred to Manchester United . He helped the club win the 1911 league medal . He scored 80 goals in his Manchester United career , his most successful season being the 1911-12 season when he scored a total of 23 goals ; 17 in the league and six in the FA Cup , although United failed to win either of these competitions . In 1915 , he was banned for life by the Football Association , along with three other United players and four Liverpool players after being found guilty of match fixing . West protested his innocence , but his ban was not lifted until 1945 . His suspension , which lasted 30 years , was the longest in Football League history . As he was 59 by the time his ban was lifted , he was never involved in football again . West died in 1965 , at the age of 79 . Free The Manchester United One , written by Graham Sharpe , was a book written about Enoch West 's attempts to clear his name in connection with the match-fixing scandal , many years after his death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba04cf4d83fbaa5fc8d2c61b96ac2d6a", "text": "Adamah (film) Adama is a motion picture produced in Mandatory Palestine shortly before the establishment of Israel . It was directed by Hkielmar Lers and filmed during 1947-1948 . The plot of the film focuses on the life of a Jewish boy , who was a Holocaust survivor , trying to rehabilitate himself from the traumas he experienced by working on the land and establishing social relationships while living in the youth village Ben Shemen . The initiator of the film was Dr. Siegfried Lehman the founder of Ben Shemen . He was motivated by a desire to show the world the educational system used in the village and he also had hopes of using the film as a tool for fundraising . The actors in the film were actual pupils in the village and the educational staff also participated in the production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b009f1b7490092a2ad36f8494646434b", "text": "Let's Give Adam and Eve Another Chance `` Let 's Give Adam and Eve Another Chance '' is a song written by Red West and Richard Mainegra and was recorded by Gary Puckett & The Union Gap for their 1970 album , Gary Puckett & The Union Gap 's Greatest Hits . The song reached # 41 on The Billboard Hot 100 in 1970 and # 16 on the Adult Contemporary chart . This was the last charting single for the band . Band mates Kerry Chater and Gary Withem left the band shortly after the song 's release due to management of the band demanding the band mates receive weekly salaries instead of percentage of the band 's revenues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9d7716d2c6e4321d83e278573cb2bb7", "text": "Adam Werritty Adam Werritty ( born 18 July 1978 ) is a Scottish businessman . Werritty is a close friend of the former UK Secretary of State for Defence , now Secretary of State for International Trade , Liam Fox . He lived for a period in 2002 and 2003 at Fox 's London flat and was best man at his wedding in 2005 . The two were also business associates who once held joint investments in the healthcare consultancy firm UK Health . Werritty was reportedly an adviser of Fox 's and is known to have accompanied him on at least 18 foreign business trips between 2009 and 2011 . In 2007 , when Fox was shadow Defence Secretary , they both attended a meeting with the Gulf Research Centre . Werritty was also appointed by Fox as the chief executive of the now disbanded conservative Atlanticist think-tank , `` The Atlantic Bridge '' . Werritty made visits to Fox at the Ministry of Defence ( MoD ) in Whitehall on 22 occasions in 16 months ; Werrity was not security-cleared with the MoD . Additionally , over a 17-month period , ending October 2011 , Werritty was present at 40 of Fox 's 70 recorded engagements . The uncertain nature of Werritty 's relationship with Fox led to an investigation by senior civil servants , initially the MoD 's Permanent Secretary , Ursula Brennan and latterly the Cabinet Secretary Sir Gus O'Donnell . Fox claimed that Werrity had never worked for him either in an official or unofficial capacity despite allegations that he was using a source of advice outside the Civil Service , paid for by private funds . Disclosure of increasing amounts of detail of their contact , funding and explanations of their relationship led to Fox 's resignation on 14 October 2011 in advance of O'Donnell 's report of his investigation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602", "text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2bda95e1b71164a6b70bcd2c552fae98	The United States holds a portion of the world's wealth.	[ { "docid": "64b2d5472ff53b8ccf519c4471ea7a0a", "text": "United States The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. ) or America , is a constitutional federal republic composed of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico . The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America , bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west . The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean . The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea . Nine time zones are covered . The geography , climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse . At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) and with over 324 million people , the United States is the world 's third - or fourth-largest country by total area , third-largest by land area , and the third-most populous . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , and is home to the world 's largest immigrant population . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the largest city is New York City ; nine other major metropolitan areas -- each with at least 4.5 million inhabitants and the largest having more than 13 million people -- are Los Angeles , Chicago , Dallas , Houston , Philadelphia , Miami , Atlanta , Boston , and San Francisco . Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years ' War led to the American Revolution , which began in 1775 . On July 4 , 1776 , during the course of the American Revolutionary War , the colonies unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence . The war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain , representing the first successful war of independence against a European power . The current constitution was adopted in 1788 , after the Articles of Confederation , adopted in 1781 , were felt to have provided inadequate federal powers . The first ten amendments , collectively named the Bill of Rights , were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century , displacing Native American tribes , acquiring new territories , and gradually admitting new states until it spanned the continent by 1848 . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the end of legal slavery in the country . By the end of that century , the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean , and its economy , driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution , began to soar . The Spanish -- American War and confirmed the country 's status as a global military power . The United States emerged from as a global superpower , the first country to develop nuclear weapons , the only country to use them in warfare , and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council . The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world 's sole superpower . The U.S. is a founding member of the United Nations , World Bank , International Monetary Fund , Organization of American States ( OAS ) , and other international organizations . The United States is a highly developed country , with the world 's largest economy by nominal GDP and second-largest economy by PPP . Though its population is only 4.3 % of the world total , Americans hold nearly 40 % of the total wealth in the world . The United States ranks among the highest in several measures of socioeconomic performance , including average wage , human development , per capita GDP , and productivity per person . While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial , characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy , the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world . Accounting for approximately a quarter of global GDP and a third of global military spending , the United States is the world 's foremost economic and military power . The United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally , and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "374f0ce6eb7d0acfc2ebf91a5383809a", "text": "Affluence in the United States Affluence refers to an individual 's or household 's economical and financial advantage in comparison to a given reference group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b29beb23a40bebdc88e1447c50df59db", "text": "Banking in the United States Banking in the United States is regulated by both the federal and state governments . The five largest banks in the United States at December 31 , 2011 were JPMorgan Chase , Bank of America , Citigroup , Wells Fargo , and Goldman Sachs . In December 2011 , the five largest banks ' assets were equal to 56 percent of the U.S. economy , compared with 43 percent five years earlier . The U.S. finance industry comprised only 10 % of total non-farm business profits in 1947 , but it grew to 50 % by 2010 . Over the same period , finance industry income as a proportion of GDP rose from 2.5 % to 7.5 % , and the finance industry 's proportion of all corporate income rose from 10 % to 20 % . The mean earnings per employee hour in finance relative to all other sectors has closely mirrored the share of total U.S. income earned by the top 1 % income earners since 1930 . The mean salary in New York City 's finance industry rose from $ 80,000 in 1981 to $ 360,000 in 2011 , while average New York City salaries rose from $ 40,000 to $ 70,000 . In 1988 , there were about 12,500 U.S. banks with less than $ 300 million in deposits , and about 900 with more deposits , but by 2012 , there were only 4,200 banks with less than $ 300 million in deposits in the U.S. , and over 1,800 with more . American banking is closely linked to the UK ; in 2014 , the biggest US banks held almost 70 percent of their on and off-balance sheet foreign assets there .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc46a38bb673138dbd4807f5b8fdc893", "text": "United States restitution to the Soviet Union The United States restitution to the Soviet Union of the cultural treasures looted by Nazi Germany during World War II was part of the massive efforts of the Allies in returning cultural property to the countries of origin . While the Soviet Union embarked on the `` compensatory restitution '' by removing cultural artifacts from the museums and Nazi caches , US authorities in Germany returned more than half a million displaced cultural treasures and more than a quarter of a million books to the USSR , located in the US occupation zone . However the information about this was suppressed in the Soviet Union . It is still little known in modern Russia even at parliamentary level : in discussions of the laws about displaced cultural treasures a number of politicians stated that nothing was returned from Germany , and furthermore , state that the Nazi loot eventually went to America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0243560a44828316e33d2d81ed81971", "text": "Morgan family The Morgan family was an American financial and banking dynasty , which became prominent in the U.S. and throughout the world in the late 19th century and early 20th century . Members of the family amassed an immense fortune over the generations , primarily through the noted work of John Pierpont ( J. P. ) Morgan ( 1837 -- 1913 ) . Morgan members were notable for dominating the banking industry during their time . J.P. Morgan was the de facto leader of this dynasty , having been the most prominent businessman in America at the turn of the century . He revolutionized numerous industries , including electricity , railroad , and steel . Through his business methods , he was highly successful in asserting his power as one of the most influential businessmen in America . Historians describe the Morgan family along with its web of partners to be part of the large American banking empire known as the House of Morgan . It is difficult to place an exact beginning and end date on the dynasty . However , many scholars attribute the death of J.P. Morgan to the end of the banking dynasty . American journalist and historian Ron Chernow wrote about the prominence of this dynasty under J.S. Morgan and J.P. Morgan . In The House of Morgan : An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance , he chronicles the lives of the Morgans , whose lives are `` encrusted with legend ... ripe with mystery , -LSB- and -RSB- exposed to such bitter polemics '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19c3162d15945961ffa26e25f994f3ab", "text": "Economy of Brazil Brazil has the world 's ninth largest economy by nominal GDP , and the eighth largest by purchasing power parity . The Brazilian economy is characterized by an inward-oriented economy . Brazil 's economy is the largest of Latin America and the second largest in the Americas . From 2000 to 2012 , Brazil was one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world , with an average annual GDP growth rate of over 5 % , with its economy in 2012 surpassing that of the United Kingdom , temporarily making Brazil the world 's sixth largest economy . However , Brazil 's economy growth decelerated in 2013 and the country entered a recession in 2014 . According to the World Economic Forum , Brazil was the top country in upward evolution of competitiveness in 2009 , gaining eight positions among other countries , overcoming Russia for the first time , and partially closing the competitiveness gap with India and China among the BRIC economies . Important steps taken since the 1990s toward fiscal sustainability , as well as measures taken to liberalize and open the economy , have significantly boosted the country 's competitiveness fundamentals , providing a better environment for private-sector development . In 2012 Forbes ranked Brazil as having the 5th largest number of billionaires in the world , a number much larger than what is found in other Latin American countries , and even ahead of United Kingdom and Japan . Brazil is a member of diverse economic organizations , such as Mercosur , Unasul , G8 +5 , G20 , WTO , and the Cairns Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b8aa79ebf57be79af1ae59a73a3fd24", "text": "Money creation Money creation ( also known as credit creation ) is the process by which the money supply of a country or a monetary region ( such as the Eurozone ) is increased . A central bank may introduce new money into the economy ( termed `` expansionary monetary policy '' , or by detractors `` printing money '' ) by purchasing financial assets or lending money to financial institutions . However , in most countries today , most of the money supply is in the form of bank deposits , which is created by private banks in a fractional reserve banking system . Bank lending increases the amount of broad money beyond the amount of base money originally created by the central bank . Reserve requirements , capital adequacy ratios , and other policies of the central bank influence this process . Central banks monitor the amount of money in the economy by measuring monetary aggregates such as M2 . The effect of monetary policy on the money supply is indicated by comparing these measurements on various dates . For example , in the United States , money supply measured as M2 grew from $ 6.407 trillion in January 2005 , to $ 8.319 trillion in January 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a371485ec743b0efa74e739d36ee71a", "text": "American depositary receipt An American depositary receipt ( ADR , and sometimes spelled depository ) is a negotiable security that represents securities of a non-U.S. company that trades in the U.S. financial markets . Shares of many non-U.S. companies trade on U.S. stock exchanges through ADRs , which are denominated and pay dividends in U.S. dollars and may be traded like regular shares of stock . ADRs are also traded during U.S. trading hours , through U.S. broker-dealers . They simplify investing in foreign securities by having the depositary bank `` manage all custody , currency and local taxes issues '' . The first ADR was introduced by J.P. Morgan in 1927 for the British retailer Selfridges on the New York Curb Exchange , the American Stock Exchange 's precursor . They are the domestic equivalent of a global depository receipt ( GDR ) . Securities of a foreign company that are represented by an ADR are called American depositary shares ( ADSs ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfc201293475e261a8145d0713ea4684", "text": "United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers : the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington , D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party , and only rarely to a third party or as independents . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 Representatives and 100 Senators . The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members . These members can , however , sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation . These members represent Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands . The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b38128f97873a08f826311623188ffb7", "text": "State Street Corporation State Street Corporation , known as State Street , is an American worldwide financial services holding company . State Street was founded in 1792 and is the second oldest financial institution in the United States of America and the third largest asset manager in the world with 2.45 trillion USD asset under management . They are responsible for the custody and administration of 11 % of the world 's total assets . The company 's headquarters are at One Lincoln Street in Boston and it has offices in 29 countries around the world . State Street is organized into three main divisions . The Global Services business is a custodian bank with $ 28 trillion ( USD ) of assets under custody and administration . The Global Advisors business provides investment management services and has $ 2.45 trillion ( USD ) of assets under management . The Global Markets business offers investment research and trading services to institutional investors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8146a9e7fd4aca78a0b74d3fe10ffed", "text": "American upper class The American upper class is a social group consisting of the people who have the highest social rank and who are usually rich . People of this social class are socioeconomically distinguishable from other classes by its greater influence , power , and wealth . The American upper class is composed of members born into this class , called members of Old money ; as well as those who have acquired their wealth and influence within their own generation , called the Nouveau riche . In a CNBC Millionaire Survey it can be observed that a majority of millionaires polled , representing the wealthiest 10 percent of Americans , described themselves as middle class ( 44 % ) or upper middle class ( 40 % ) . `` The study of attitudes is reasonably easy -LSB- ... -RSB- it 's concluded that for roughly 70 % of the population -- the lower 70 % on the wealth/income scale -- they have no influence on policy whatsoever . They 're effectively disenfranchised . As you move up the wealth/income ladder , you get a little bit more influence on policy . When you get to the top , which is maybe a tenth of one percent , people essentially get what they want , i.e. they determine the policy . So the proper term for that is not democracy ; it 's plutocracy . '' -- Noam Chomsky . Many Politicians , heirs to fortunes , top business executives , CEOs , successful venture capitalists , those born into high society , and some celebrities may be considered members of this class . Some prominent and high-rung professionals may also be included if they attain great influence and wealth . The main distinguishing feature of this class , which is estimated to constitute roughly 1 % of the population , is the source of income . While the vast majority of people and households derive their income from wages or salaries , those in the upper class derive their income from investments and capital gains . Estimates for the size of this group commonly vary from 1 % to 2 % , while some surveys have indicated that as many as 6 % of Americans identify as `` upper class . '' Sociologist Leonard Beeghley sees wealth as the only significant distinguishing feature of this class and , therefore , refers to this group simply as `` the rich . '' Sociologists such as W. Lloyd Warner , William Thompson and Joseph Hickey recognize prestige differences between members of the upper class . Established families , prominent professionals and politicians may be deemed to have more prestige than some entertainment celebrities who in turn may have more prestige than the members of local elites . Yet , contemporary sociologists argue that all members of the upper class share such great wealth , influence and assets as their main source of income as to be recognized as members of the same social class . As great financial fortune is the main distinguishing feature of this class , sociologist Leonard Beeghley at the University of Florida identifies all `` rich '' households , those with incomes in the top 1 % or so , as upper class . In 1998 , Bob Herbert of The New York Times referred to modern American plutocrats as `` The Donor Class '' ( list of top donors ) and defined the class , for the first time , as `` a tiny group -- just one-quarter of 1 percent of the population -- and it is not representative of the rest of the nation . But its money buys plenty of access . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "130fc1ff9ed826ce18b4bffd478ea6d4", "text": "List of belt regions of the United States The belt regions of the United States are portions of the country that share certain characteristics . The `` belt '' terminology was first applied to growing regions for various crops , which often follow lines of latitude because those are more likely to have similar climates . The allusion was to a long clothing belt , as seen on a map . The usage has expanded to other climatic , economic , and cultural concentrations . These regions are not formally defined ; they frequently overlap and have vague borders . The terminology is also used outside the U.S. ( e.g. , India 's Hindi Belt ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "366176c49276f05a6a9f07e1c1b12835", "text": "Municipal bond A municipal bond is a bond issued by a local government or territory , or one of their agencies . It is generally used to finance public projects such as roads , schools , airports and seaports , and infrastructure-related repairs . The term municipal bond is commonly used in the United States , which has the largest market of such trade-able securities in the world . As of 2011 , the municipal bond market was valued at $ 3.7 trillion . Potential issuers of municipal bonds include states , cities , counties , redevelopment agencies , special-purpose districts , school districts , public utility districts , publicly owned airports and seaports , and other governmental entities ( or group of governments ) at or below the state level having more than a de minimis amount of one of the three sovereign powers : the power of taxation , the power of eminent domain or the police power . Municipal bonds may be general obligations of the issuer or secured by specified revenues . In the United States , interest income received by holders of municipal bonds is often excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes under Section 103 of the Internal Revenue Code , and may be exempt from state income tax as well , depending on the applicable state income tax laws . The state and local exemption was the subject of recent litigation in Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis , 553 U.S. 328 ( 2008 ) . Unlike new issue stocks that are brought to market with price restrictions until the deal is sold , most municipal bonds are free to trade at any time once they are purchased by the investor . Professional traders regularly trade and re-trade the same bonds several times a week . A feature of this market is a larger proportion of smaller retail investors compared to other sectors of the U.S. securities markets . Some municipal bonds , often with higher risk credits , are issued subject to transfer restrictions . Outside of the United States , many other countries in the world also issue similar bonds , sometimes called local authority bonds or other names . The key defining feature of such bonds is that they are issued by a public-use entity at a lower level of government than the sovereign . Such bonds follow similar market patterns as U.S. bonds . That said , the U.S. municipal bond market is unique for its size , liquidity , legal and tax structure and bankruptcy protection afforded by the U.S. Constitution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22ec5bcde8c9f78a9f41b145b10fdf9b", "text": "Superstate A superstate is defined as `` a large and powerful State formed when several smaller countries unite '' , `` A large and powerful state formed from a federation or union of nations '' . This is distinct from the concept of superpower , although these are frequently seen together . It is also distinct from the concept of empire , where one nation dominates other nations through military , political , and economic power , although an empire may also be a superstate . In the early 20th century , `` superstate '' had a similar definition as today 's supranational organisations . In a 1927 article by Edward A. Harriman on the League of Nations , a superstate was defined as merely `` an organisation , of which a state is a member , which is superior to the member themselves '' , in that '' -LSB- a -RSB- complete superstate has legislative , executive and judicial organs to make , to execute and to interpret its laws '' . According to this definition , Harriman saw the League of Nations as a `` rudimentary superstate '' , and the United States as `` an example of a complete and perfect superstate '' . In World Order of Bahá ` u 'll áh , first published in 1938 , Shoghi Effendi , the Guardian of the Bahá ' í Faith , described the anticipated world government of that religion as the `` world 's future super-state '' with the Bahá ' í Faith as the `` State Religion of an independent and Sovereign Power . '' In the 1970s , academic literature used the term `` superstate '' to indicate a particularly rich and powerful state , in a similar fashion to the term superpower . In contemporary political debate , especially the one centred on the European Union , the term `` superstate '' is used to indicate a ( usually deemed unwelcome ) development in which the Union takes over the character of a State ( including the monopoly on violence ) thus abolishing the sovereignty and independence of its member states . For instance , Glyn Morgan opposes the perspective of a `` European superstate '' to the ones of `` a Europe of nation-states '' and of `` a post-sovereign European polity '' . In her definition , a `` European superstate is nothing more than a sovereign state - a tried and tested type of polity that predominates in the modern world - operating on a European wide scale '' , i.e. , `` a unitary European state '' The term was famously used by Margaret Thatcher in her 1988 Bruges speech , when she decried the perspective of `` a European super-state exercising a new dominance from Brussels '' , and has since entered the eurosceptic lexicon . Tony Blair argued in 2000 that he welcomed an EU as a `` superpower , not a superstate ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efeced104cc664e3532f3419f2f31e6e", "text": "List of U.S. states by sovereign wealth funds Like many countries , several U.S. states have created sovereign wealth funds to finance certain services ( typically public education ) or to provide general revenue to the state government itself . This article comprises the known such funds and their monetary amounts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8275e1292529d09f440855d3da7a8a17", "text": "Chinese Americans Chinese Americans , which includes American-born Chinese , are Americans who have full or partial Chinese ancestry . Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans , which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans . Many Chinese Americans are immigrants along with their descendants from mainland China , Hong Kong , Macau , Taiwan , as well as from other regions that include large populations of the Chinese diaspora , especially Southeast Asia and some Western countries like Canada , United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand , and Brazil . The Chinese American community is the largest overseas Chinese community outside of Asia . It is also the third largest in the Chinese diaspora , behind the Chinese communities in Thailand and Malaysia . The Chinese American community comprises the largest ethnic group of Asian Americans , comprising 25.9 % of the Asian American population as of 2010 . Americans of Chinese descent , including those with partial Chinese ancestry constitute 1.2 % of the total U.S. population as of 2010 . According to the 2010 census , the Chinese American population numbered approximately 3.8 million . In 2010 , half of Chinese-born people living in the United States resided in the states of California and New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "732bd731c698a975d3c1beb6b2bb7e17", "text": "Crown Estate The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it the `` Sovereign 's public estate '' , which is neither government property nor part of the monarch 's private estate . As a result of this arrangement , the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate , exercising only very limited control of its affairs . Instead , the estate 's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent , incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners , who exercise `` the powers of ownership '' of the estate , although they are not `` owners in their own right '' . The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty 's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty 's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation . The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign , a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons . The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom , overseeing property worth # 12 billion , with urban properties valued at # 9.1 billion representing the majority of the estate by value . These include a large number of properties in central London , but the estate also controls 792000 ha of agricultural land and forest , more than half of the UK 's foreshore , and retains various other traditional holdings and rights , including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park . Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK , collectively known as `` Mines Royal '' , are managed by The Crown Estate and leased to mining operators . Historically , Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country . However , in 1760 , George III surrendered control over the Estate 's revenues to the treasury , thus relieving him of the responsibility of personally paying for the costs of the civil service , defence costs , the national debt , and his own personal debts . In return , he received an annual grant known as the Civil list . By tradition , each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession . However , from 1 April 2012 , under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 ( SSG ) , the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate 's annual net revenue ( currently set at 15 % ) . This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years . Subsequently , the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council . The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate 's ownership , but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da1667b3653395b3623332156d06d8a3", "text": "New international division of labour In economics , the new international division of labor ( NIDL ) is an outcome of globalization . The term was coined by theorists seeking to explain the spatial shift of manufacturing industries from advanced capitalist countries to developing countries -- an ongoing geographic reorganization of production , which finds its origins in ideas about a global division of labor . It is a spatial division of labor which occurs when the process of production is no longer confined to national economies . Under the `` old '' international division of labor , until around 1970 , underdeveloped areas were incorporated into the world economy principally as suppliers of minerals and agricultural commodities . However , as developing economies are merged into the world economy , more production takes place in these economies . This has led to a trend of transference , or what is also known as the `` global industrial shift '' , in which production processes are relocated from developed countries ( such as the US , European countries , and Japan ) to developing countries in Asia ( such as China , Vietnam , and India ) and Latin America . This is because companies search for the cheapest locations to manufacture and assemble components , so low-cost labor-intensive parts of the manufacturing process are shifted to the developing world where costs are substantially lower . Companies do so by taking advantage of transportation and communications technology , as well as fragmentation and locational flexibility of production . From 1953 to the late 1990s , the industrialized economies ' share of world manufacturing output declined from 95 % to 77 % , and the developing economies ' share more than quadrupled from 5 % to 23 % . The resultant division of labor across continents closely follows the North -- South socio-economic and political divide , wherein the North -- with one quarter of the world population -- controls four fifths of the world income , while the South -- with three quarters of the world population -- has access to one fifth of the world income .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9412026a92fc45918c8d9af3f8c3c2ac", "text": "List of wealthiest charitable foundations This is a list of wealthiest charitable foundations worldwide . It consists of the 36 largest charitable foundations , private foundations engaged in philanthropy , and other charitable organizations . Only nonprofit foundations are included in this list . Organisations that are part of a larger company are excluded , such as holding companies . The entries are ordered by the size of the organisation 's financial endowment ( that is , the value of assets net of liabilities , or invested donations ) . The endowment value is an estimate measured in United States dollars , based on the exchange rates on December 31 , 2016 . Due to fluctuations in holdings , currency exchange and asset values , this list only represents the valuation of each foundation on a single day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e1d62733b8cead94f98d805dd73552f", "text": "Tribute A tribute ( from Latin tributum , contribution ) is wealth , often in kind , that a party gives to another as a sign of respect or , as was often the case in historical contexts , of submission or allegiance . Various ancient states exacted tribute from the rulers of land which the state conquered or otherwise threatened to conquer . In case of alliances , lesser parties may pay tribute to more powerful parties as a sign of allegiance and often in order to finance projects that benefited both parties . To be called `` tribute '' a recognition by the payer of political submission to the payee is normally required ; the large sums , essentially protection money , paid by the later Roman and Byzantine Empires to barbarian peoples to prevent them attacking imperial territory , would not usually be termed `` tribute '' as the Empire accepted no inferior political position . Payments by a superior political entity to an inferior one , made for various purposes , are described by terms including `` subsidy '' . The ancient Persian Achaemenid Empire is an example of an ancient ` tribute empire ; one that made relatively few demands on its non-Persian subjects other than the regular payment of tribute , which might be gold , luxury goods , animals , soldiers or slaves . However failure to keep up the payments had dire consequences . The reliefs at Persepolis show processions of figures bearing varied types of tribute . The medieval Mongol rulers of Russia likewise only expected tribute from the Russian states , which continued to govern themselves . Athens received tribute from the other cities of the Delian League . The empires of Assyria , Babylon , Carthage and Rome exacted tribute from their provinces and subject kingdoms . Ancient China received tribute from various states such as Japan , Korea , Vietnam , Cambodia , Borneo , Indonesia , Sri Lanka , Nepal , Myanmar and Central Asia . The Aztec Empire is another example . The Roman republic exacted tribute in the form of payments equivalent to proportional property taxes , for the purpose of waging war . Tribute empires contrast with those like the Roman Empire , which more closely controlled and garrisoned subject territories . A tributary state is one that preserves its political position and such independence as it has only by paying tribute .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ec8013b019a7274d2aa14a84e522757", "text": "List of largest Chinese companies This article lists the largest companies in China in terms of their revenue , net profit and total assets , according to the American business magazines Fortune and Forbes . In 2014 , Fortune '' 's Global 500 list of the world 's largest corporations included 95 Chinese companies , with combined revenues of US$ 5.8 trillion . That same year , Forbes '' reported that five of the world 's ten largest public companies were Chinese , including the world 's largest bank by total assets , the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China . Many of China 's largest companies are state-owned enterprises , due to the significant presence of the governing Chinese Communist Party in the national economy .", "title": "" } ]	fever
57cd0275394ae3a4957d5e6c7f5c9f47	Sean Combs was born in New York.	[ { "docid": "1f1bea4f01f0509916883c5ec106586f", "text": "Sean Combs Sean John Combs ( born November 4 , 1969 ) , also known by his stage names Puff Daddy , Puffy , P. Diddy and Diddy , is an American rapper , singer , songwriter , actor , record producer and entrepreneur . He was born in Harlem and was raised in Mount Vernon , New York . He worked as a talent director at Uptown Records before founding his label Bad Boy Entertainment in 1993 . His debut album No Way Out ( 1997 ) has been certified seven times platinum and was followed by successful albums such as Forever ( 1999 ) , The Saga Continues ... ( 2001 ) , and Press Play ( 2006 ) . In 2009 Combs formed the musical group Diddy -- Dirty Money and released the critically well-reviewed and commercially successful album Last Train to Paris ( 2010 ) . Combs has won three Grammy Awards and two MTV Video Music Awards , and is the producer of MTV 's Making the Band . He is the Chairman and CEO of Combs Enterprises . In 2017 Forbes estimated his net worth at $ 820 million .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c1e892b5ec36160cb4326f3cb8843a78", "text": "Lil Zane Zane R. Copeland Jr. ( born July 11 , 1982 ) , better known as Lil Zane , is an American rapper and actor born in Yonkers , New York and raised in Atlanta , Georgia . He is best known for his debut album Young World : The Future , released in 2000 , which featured the single `` Callin ' Me '' featuring 112 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "239bee0279dd76ed42e2920e91323c20", "text": "New Life (Monica album) New Life is the seventh studio album by American recording artist Monica , released by RCA Records on April 6 , 2012 . It marked the singer 's debut release with the company following the disbandment of her former label , J Records in October 2011 . A musical continuation of her commercially successful 2010 album Still Standing , Monica started working on the album only weeks after the release of the former . She reteamed primarily with frequent writers and producers , including Bryan-Michael Cox , Jermaine Dupri , Missy Elliott , and Cainon Lamb but also collaborated with new and upcoming producers such as singer Rico Love , whose songs replaced much of her cousin , producer Polow da Don 's original material . New Life is predominately a contemporary R&B album with major influences of pop and soul that incorporates subtle elements of contemporary urban genres such as gospel , quiet storm , and reggae . The album 's lyrics explore the complexities of romantic relationships and stages of love , much of which was inspired by Monica 's marriage to professional basketball player Shannon Brown and her relocation to Arizona . Guest vocalists on the album are rappers Rick Ross and Wale as well as singer and close friend Mary J. Blige . Entertainer Brandy , who had previously collaborated with Monica on their number-one record `` The Boy Is Mine '' ( 1998 ) , features on the single `` It All Belongs to Me '' . New Life received a mixed reception by critics , many of whom praised Monica 's vocal performances and the album 's trend-detaching nature but found the material too generic and cliché-addled . Upon its release , the album debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 , and at number two on Billboards Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart , selling 69,000 copies . With first month sales of 116,400 copies , New Life sold significantly less than its predecessors . Singles such as `` Anything ( To Find You ) '' and `` Until It 's Gone '' failed to sell or chart noticeably on both the pop and the R&B charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7913285bc1f37c9edc910a52fc51b796", "text": "Jack Combs (television producer) For the American ice hockey player , see Jack Combs ( ice hockey ) . Jack Combs is an American television producer . He is best known for producing television documentaries . Combs was the unit manager for the 1996 award winning television documentary series The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be4711a46a75db7d257625306d92046a", "text": "Max Perry Max Perry ( born June 23 , 1984 ) , primarily known by his stage name Maxwell Smart is a record producer , born in New York City and raised in Brooklyn , New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1dbea18a28baeb3a664793a2729a40e", "text": "Combichrist Combichrist is an American aggrotech band formed in 2003 by Norwegian Andy LaPlegua , who also founded the bands Icon of Coil , Panzer AG , Scandinavian Cock and Scandy . Combichrist is based in Atlanta , Georgia . The band consist of only LaPlegua in the studio with Joe Letz , Eric13 , Brent Ashley , and Nick Rossi for live performances . Releases by the band have been very successful in terms of sales and charted in top positions for dance and alternative charts worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9682c043fafa448a24fff3acaf74c90c", "text": "DJ Smash DJ Smash a.k.a. Smash Hunter ( born Wayne Allen Hunter , in Manhattan , New York ) is a DJ , music producer , remixer and project consultant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11d5ec010e0db9391c63d96b43a816d6", "text": "Sean Okoli Sean Okoli ( born February 3 , 1993 ) is an American professional soccer player for New York City FC of Major League Soccer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d88de681f302c478f7b072dcc193ea6e", "text": "Representing NYC Representing NYC is a network of professional artists and educators living and working in Brooklyn , New York City . Representing NYC acts as a bridge between young artists making Hip Hop culture related art work in the context of social services programming in East Brooklyn with a broader cultural milieu socially , culturally , and professionally . Representing NYC executes their mission by fostering collaborations between young artists , social services organizations , and professional arts organizations and artists . Representing NYC helps to produce a series of Hip Hop CDs , a hand silk screened T-shirt line , and two teen radio programs . All of Representing NYC 's youth work is carried out at The Beacon Center for Arts and Leadership in Bushwick , Brooklyn . Its network includes the Social Registry , True Panther Sounds , Sockets CDs , Solid PR , the Bread and Butter Collective , Radio 23 . org , and a number of artists and educators .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bad6673fcb603b9a86808a8f7c5301e8", "text": "Busta Rhymes Trevor George Smith Jr. ( born May 20 , 1972 ) , better known by his stage name Busta Rhymes , is an American rapper , actor , record producer and record executive . Chuck D of Public Enemy gave him the moniker Busta Rhymes , after NFL wide receiver George `` Buster '' Rhymes . He is widely known for his outlandish style and fashion sense depicted in several highly innovative music videos as well as his intricate rhyming technique , rapping at a high rate of speed with heavy use of internal rhyme and half rhyme , and to date has received 11 Grammy Award nominations for his musical work . About.com included him on its list of the 50 Greatest MCs of Our Time ( 1987 -- 2007 ) , while Steve Huey of AllMusic called him one of the best and most prolific rappers of the 1990s . In 2012 , The Source placed him on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time . MTV has called him `` one of hip-hop 's greatest visual artists . '' Busta Rhymes was an original member of Leaders of the New School . He later went on and founded the record label Conglomerate ( initially Flipmode Entertainment ) and production crew The Conglomerate ( formerly Flipmode Squad ) . In November 2011 , Busta Rhymes signed a deal with Cash Money Records . On July 23 , 2014 , Busta Rhymes announced that he left Cash Money Records due to creative differences and was no longer on Republic . In 2016 Rhymes signed with Epic for his upcoming album due to be released in early 2017 . He has so far released nine studio albums , with the first being the 1996 platinum-selling album The Coming . His list of hit singles include `` Woo Hah !! Got You All in Check '' , `` Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See '' , `` Dangerous '' , `` Turn It Up ( Remix ) / Fire It Up '' , `` Gim me Some More '' , `` What 's It Gon na Be ?! '' , `` Pass the Courvoisier , Part II '' , `` I Know What You Want '' and `` Touch It '' , among several others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecf0efc250126c4bb86edc6b915c630b", "text": "Kenneth McGriff Kenneth `` Supreme '' McGriff ( born September 19 , 1960 ) is a convicted American drug trafficker and organized crime figure . McGriff came to prominence in the early 1980s when he formed his own crack distributing organization which he called the Supreme Team based in the South Jamaica section of Queens , New York . Under McGriff 's leadership , the gang 's numbers swelled to the hundreds and came to control the crack cocaine trade in the Baisley Park Houses , the neighborhood where McGriff was raised . In 1987 , McGriff was arrested following a joint state and federal investigation and in 1989 pleaded guilty to engaging in a Continuing Criminal Enterprise . He was sentenced to 12 years incarceration . McGriff was released from prison on parole in early 1994 after serving approximately seven years of his sentence . He was sent back to prison on parole violations by year 's end , and served another 2 1/2 years ' incarceration before being released in 1997 . McGriff is alleged to have had a hand in the 2002 murder of Run D.M.C. member Jam Master Jay , and was convicted of ordering the 2001 killing of Mobb Deep affiliate E-Moneybags ( real name Eric Smith ) . Federal authorities also accused him in connection with the attempted murder of 50 Cent . Persistent rumors suggest that McGriff felt 50 Cent had exposed too much of the drug kingpin in Jamaica , Queens and others involved in the drug trade through the lyrics of his song `` Ghetto Qu ` ran '' released in 2000 . On February 1 , 2007 McGriff was convicted of murder-for-hire at a Federal court in the Eastern District of New York on charges that he paid $ 50,000 to have two rivals ( Eric Smith and `` Big Nose '' Troy Singleton ) gunned down in 2001 . The jury deliberated for five days before finding McGriff guilty of murder conspiracy and drug trafficking . On February 9 , 2007 , the same jury sentenced McGriff to life in prison . Throughout this case he was defended by a court-appointed attorney because nearly all of his assets had been seized . McGriff began serving his life sentence at ADX Florence , the federal supermax prison in Colorado , but in 2011 was transferred to the United States Penitentiary , Lee , a high-security federal prison in Pennington Gap , Virginia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1370f25257959a2e452ab2f1d7d4015e", "text": "Tribal Rites of the New Saturday Night `` Tribal Rites of the New Saturday Night '' was the title of a 1976 New York Magazine article by British rock journalist Nik Cohn . It was the basis for the plot and characters in the movie Saturday Night Fever . Originally , the article was published as a piece of factual reporting . However , around the time of the twentieth anniversary of the film , Cohn revealed that the article was actually a work of fiction . After persuading New York editor Clay Felker to let him write an article about the 1970s disco scene , Cohn , a newcomer to the United States , set about researching the American working-class subculture he was trying to cover . One night he travelled to Bay Ridge , Brooklyn , to visit the disco 2001 Odyssey . However when he arrived a drunken fight was taking place outside the club , and one of the participants rolled over in the gutter and threw up on Cohn 's trouser leg , leading him to return to Manhattan . Despite this brief visit , Cohn did notice that the scene was surveyed by one clubgoer , standing in the doorway and calmly watching events . Cohn returned to the club subsequently but the young man was n't there . To overcome his lack of familiarity with the New York disco scene , Cohn combined the image of the figure outside the club with people he knew from his youth , including a gang member from the Northern Irish city of Derry , where Cohn had grown up , and a young man he knew in England . `` My story was a fraud , '' he wrote . `` I 'd only recently arrived in New York . Far from being steeped in Brooklyn street life , I hardly knew the place . As for Vincent , my story 's hero , he was largely inspired by a Shepherd 's Bush mod whom I 'd known in the Sixties , a one-time king of Goldhawk Road . '' For additional detail Cohn returned to Bay Ridge during the day to get a better feel for the area . On the fortieth anniversary of the article 's publication in 2016 , Cohn said that he thought that such a fictionalised piece would not be published in the contemporary press : `` It reads to me as obvious fiction , albeit based on observation and some knowledge of disco culture . No way could it sneak past customs now . In the 60s and 70s , the line between fact and fiction was blurry ... Few editors asked tough questions . For the most part it was a case of ` do n't ask , do n't tell ' '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa5539fba090563418b53c361dd9f2bb", "text": "East Harlem East Harlem , also known as Spanish Harlem or El Barrio , is a neighborhood of Upper Manhattan , New York City roughly encompassing the area north of the Upper East Side and East 96th Street up to about the 140s , east of Fifth Avenue to the East and Harlem Rivers . It lies within Manhattan Community District 11 . Despite its name , it is generally not considered to be a part of Harlem . The neighborhood is one of the largest predominantly Latino communities in New York City , mostly made up of Puerto Ricans , as well as sizeable numbers of Dominican , Cuban and Mexican immigrants . It includes the area formerly known as Italian Harlem , in which the remnants of a once predominantly Italian community remain . The Chinese population has increased dramatically in East Harlem since 2000 . East Harlem has historically suffered from many social issues , such as the highest jobless rate in New York City , teenage pregnancy , AIDS , drug abuse , homelessness , and an asthma rate five times the national average . It has the second highest concentration of public housing in the United States , closely following Brownsville , Brooklyn . Police services to the neighborhood are divided between the 23rd and the 25th Precincts . Conversely , East Harlem is notable for its contributions to Latin freestyle and salsa music . However , East Harlem is now undergoing some gentrification . In February 2016 , East Harlem was one of four neighborhoods featured in an article in The New York Times about `` New York 's Next Hot Neighborhoods '' . Beginning in 2016 , the New York City government was seeking to rezone East Harlem `` to facilitate new residential , commercial , community facility , and manufacturing development . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46b30cfb0470b7dc93edb216564d5913", "text": "Matthew Mellon Matthew Taylor Mellon , II ( January 28 , 1964 ) is the Chairman of the New York Republican Party 's Finance Committee . He was named Finance Chairman by State Chairman Ed Cox in May 2011 . Born in New York City , Mellon was raised in Palm Beach , Florida and Northeast Harbor , Maine . He is a direct descendant of Judge Thomas Mellon , founder of the Mellon Bank , now Bank of New York Mellon corp , on his paternal side . On his maternal side he is a direct decedent of Anthony Joseph Drexel , founder of Drexel-Burnham-Lambert . He maintains associations with Drexel University and Carnegie Mellon University , both of which were founded by family members . Matthew is also involved with the National Gallery of Art in Washington , DC , the core of whose collection was donated to the nation by his Great Uncle Andrew Mellon . Mellon has worked as an entrepreneur , founder , private equity investor with a focus on the luxury and Oil space . Amongst the companies with which he has been involved are Jimmy Choo , Harrys of London , Hanley Mellon , Marquis Jets , and Arrival Aviation . In the private equity sector , Matthew has a relationship with a New York-based family office called Essex . He regularly consults for both family offices and business owners in Europe , the Middle East , Asia , and North America . Mellon resides in New York City with his wife Nicole Hanley Mellon and their two children , Olympia Drexel Mellon and Force Hanley Mellon ; and daughter Araminta Ann Mellon who he raises jointly with his former wife , Tamara Mellon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dffc667205f669308824bb2f2405be3e", "text": "DJ Drama Tyree Cinque Simmons ( born April 22 , 1978 ) , professionally known as DJ Drama , is an American disc jockey ( DJ ) and record executive from Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . He initially gained recognition as the official DJ for Atlanta-based rapper T.I. . He is perhaps best known for hosting several mixtapes , most notably his successful Gangsta Grillz series . He is also known for doing the Dedication series with New Orleans-bred rapper Lil Wayne , with the New York Times calling Dedication 2 , one of the `` 10 best recordings of 2006 '' . DJ Drama along with DJ Sense , founded Aphilliates Music Group , in 2003 . The Aphilliates Music Group signed a joint venture deal with Asylum Records in 2006 . As of January 2011 , The Aphilliates now operates as its own entity , due to DJ Drama recently cutting ties with La the Darkman and Embassy Entertainment . In December 2007 , Drama released his first studio album , Gangsta Grillz : The Album , under Atlantic Records , as well as T.I. 's label , Grand Hustle Records . His second album was the sequel Gangsta Grillz : The Album ( Vol . 2 ) , which was released in May 2009 , under Atlantic and Grand Hustle . After leaving Grand Hustle and Atlantic to focus on Aphilliates Music Group , Drama released his third album Third Power , under E1 Music and Aphilliates . In October 2012 , Drama released his fourth album Quality Street Music , under E1 and Aphilliates . In January 2014 , it was announced that DJ Drama was the new A&R for Atlantic Records . On July 22 , 2016 , he released his fifth album Quality Street Music 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9f45fd32ad6ee8e13e09cea6305074d", "text": "Rico Love Richard `` Rico '' Preston Butler , Jr. ( born December 3 , 1982 ) , better known by his stage name Rico Love , is an American songwriter , record producer and singer . He was born in New Orleans , Louisiana , but split his childhood between Milwaukee , Wisconsin and New York City 's Harlem neighborhood . He attended Florida A&M and , while visiting Atlanta , Georgia , worked his way into the music industry through connections with Usher , who would become Love 's mentor . The first song Love ever wrote in his career was `` Throwback '' for which ended up on Usher 's 2004 album `` Confessions . '' Love success continued writing and producing hit records such as Usher 's `` There Goes My Baby '' and `` Hey Daddy ( Daddy 's Home ) '' , Nelly 's `` Just a Dream '' and `` Gone '' , as well as Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Sweet Dreams '' . and has contributed to works which have gone on to win Grammys such as Beyoncé 's 2009 Best Contemporary R&B album I Am ... Sasha Fierce , Usher 's 2010 Best Contemporary R&B album Raymond v. Raymond , and Usher 's 2010 Best Male R&B Vocal Performance `` There Goes My Baby '' . In addition Love has written and produced records for Kelly Rowland , Diddy -- Dirty Money , Chris Brown , Alexandra Burke , Keri Hilson , Fergie , and Fantasia . Love is also the CEO of Division1 , a record label which partnered with Interscope Records in 2013 . Love has appeared as a featured artist on records with T.I. , Usher , Jermaine Dupri , Jamie Foxx , Rich Boy , and Fat Joe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf20526dc165875a2f5892a9e9f5fa58", "text": "Amil (rapper) Amil Kahala Whitehead ( born September 19 , 1973 ) , more commonly known by her stage name Amil , is an American rapper , singer , and songwriter from New York City . She was prominent in the late 1990s as a Jay-Z protégé , most notably on the single `` Can I Get A. . . '' from the Rush Hour soundtrack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cc3dab5c168411e65515926985278b0", "text": "Sean Delonas Sean Delonas is an American political cartoonist and author whose work was for 23 years published by the New York Post as part of their Page Six content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f692c6230916697ddbc3bbbb6ee1cadd", "text": "New York: A Love Story New York : A Love Story is the debut studio album by American R&B singer Mack Wilds . It was released on September 30 , 2013 , by Louder Than Life and RED Distribution . The album features guest appearances from Method Man , Raekwon and Doug E. Fresh . The album was nominated for Best Urban Contemporary Album at the 56th Grammy Awards , which was held on January 26 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72718a20934905bdb0aad10afd2a6b0a", "text": "Eric Nicks Eric Nicks is the founder of Alpine Music Group home to R&B sensation Justine Skye . Eric Nicks is a music industry veteran , having been named the Sr. . VP of A&R at Universal Motown . He also founded R&B Live NY , an industry showcase in New York City . Nicks sits on the board of advisors for the Brooklyn Academy of Music . He is often a guest speaker at a variety of colleges , including NYU , Morehouse , and many others . On top of founding Alpine Music Group , Eric also created a bowling app called Side Action Bowling . Eric Nicks graduated from New York University and began co-managing the sister of his best friend , up and coming rapper , Foxy Brown - ( rapper ) . In ` 96 Nicks received a call from Lyor Cohen and Chris Lighty , offering him an A&R position at Violator ( company ) Records and Management where he would help shape the careers of LL Cool J , Busta Rhymes , and Noreaga among others . After spending 5 years at Violator , Lighty named him President of the records division until he stepped off to start a management company , EVision , with LL Cool J as one of his clients . He was involved in the platinum releases of Foxy Brown 's Ill NaNa , LL Cool J 's The DEFinition , and Lyfe Jennings ' debut Lyfe 268-192 . Eric Nicks received a tap from Kevin Liles , former president of Def Jam , for a position as Vice President of A&R at Def Jam . Under Nicks ' tenure at Def Jam , LL dropped his 10th studio album titled `` 10 '' which included LL Cool J 's 1st # 1 single `` Love You Better . '' and 11th studio album `` The Definition '' which included LL 's 2nd # 1 single `` Headsprung '' and 3rd # 1 single `` All I Need '' featuring Jennifer Lopez . In 2003 , Nicks left Def Jam to become Sr. . Vice President of A&R at Sony Records where he A&R 'd Lyfe Jennings Platinum debut album `` 268-192 '' . He went on to become Sr. . VP of A&R at Universal Motown Records in 2006 . In 2007 , Eric Nicks created R&B Live New York . Since its inception , R&B Live has hosted artists such as Fantasia , Ne-Yo , Trey Songz , Brian McKnight and many more . The star-studded room has included Kevin Liles , Jay-Z , Denzel Washington , Terrence Howard and many other celebrities and industry executives . 2008 marked the conception of Brookland Entertainment , Eric Nicks ' own record label company formed in conjunction with the Trackmasters . Brookland Entertainment was home to the hit single `` Download '' by Lil ' Kim ft. T-Pain and Charlie Wilson and dancehall artist Beenie Man . In 2010 Eric Nicks founded Alpine Music Group , which includes a self owned management company , a joint venture publishing company with Sony/ATV and a Record Label under Atlantic Records which houses upcoming sensation Justine Skye . In 2010 Eric also founded Alpine Music Publishing which houses records from Justine Bieber `` U Smile '' , One Direction `` Got ta Be you '' , Justine Skye `` Collide '' and many more . A&R Discography", "title": "" }, { "docid": "532f7b8fc25104e680a922f8b3cd1126", "text": "Henry Combs Henry Combs was a structural engineer at Clarence Johnson 's famed Skunk Works group of Lockheed Corporation . He was Deputy Project Manager on the Lockheed U-2 program , Head Structural Engineer on the SR-71 Blackbird , and later , Technical Director of the Skunk Works . While he is most known for his integral work on the U-2 , the SR-71 and the F-117 Nighthawk , he also worked on the F-104 , Lockheed Constellation , C-130 Hercules , XP-58 Chain Lightning , and Lockheed JetStar . Combs is revered as the father of the titanium A-12 structure . According to Ben Rich in `` Skunk Works '' , Combs was the `` dean '' of the eight man structures group and an `` irascible genius '' . Combs spoke on the U-2 's development at the CIA 's `` The CIA and the U-2 Program '' conference on 17 September 1998 . An accomplished glider pilot , Combs became famous within the soaring community for his weekly cross-country distance flights . Owing to the notable success of these flights , he became the leader of a fiercely loyal group of competition and cross-country sailplane pilots known as the `` Crystal Squadron '' , based at Crystalaire gliderport in Llano , CA . From the mid 1980s through the early 2000s , this group of pilots , under Combs ' spiritual and technical leadership , flew hundreds of long-distance soaring flights from Southern California to Nevada , Utah , and Arizona . In 1998 , he completed his 200th straight-out long-distance flight meeting or exceeding the FAI `` Diamond Badge '' distance of 311 miles ( 500 km ) . In addition to his long-distance flights , he was well known for his extensive modifications and performance tuning work on the classic Glasflugel H-301 Libelle sailplane . Because of the numerous aerodynamic improvements made by Combs to his aircraft , it was capable of achieving performance levels on a par with more modern aircraft flown by the other members of the group . The net effect of these expert aircraft modifications , combined with his excellent piloting skills , was that ( to their amazement and chagrin ) Combs was often able to fly farther and faster than the other members of the Crystal Squadron , many of whom had spent three or four times the money on far newer `` state of the art '' sailplanes . This served only to further perpetuate the `` irascible genius '' legend , long after his Skunk Works days had passed . His soaring legacy is honored by the Soaring Society of America 's `` Henry Combs Perpetual Trophy '' . On May 28 , 2016 at 3:10 pm , after a visit with his pastor and surrounded by family , Henry Combs passed to his final rest . He lived to be 99 years old .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c10d880be6b28f59f6eb802e5885804f	Muhammad Ali was born in 1960.	[ { "docid": "7d85a6bc478303a90f917cd5da6219cf", "text": "Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali ( -LSB- ɑːˈliː -RSB- born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. ; January 17 , 1942 -- June 3 , 2016 ) was an American professional boxer and activist . He is widely regarded as one of the most significant and celebrated sports figures of the 20th century . From early in his career , Ali was known as an inspiring , controversial , and polarizing figure both inside and outside the ring . Cassius Clay was born and raised in Louisville , Kentucky , and began training as an amateur boxer when he was 12 years old . At age 18 , he won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and turned professional later that year . At age 22 in 1964 , he won the WBA , WBC , and lineal heavyweight titles from Sonny Liston in a big upset . Clay then converted to Islam and changed his name from Cassius Clay , which he called his `` slave name '' , to Muhammad Ali . He set an example of racial pride for African Americans and resistance to white domination during the Civil Rights Movement . In 1966 , two years after winning the heavyweight title , Ali further antagonized the white establishment by refusing to be drafted into the U.S. military , citing his religious beliefs and opposition to American involvement in the Vietnam War . He was eventually arrested , found guilty of draft evasion charges , and stripped of his boxing titles . He successfully appealed the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court , which overturned his conviction in 1971 , by which time he had not fought for nearly four years and thereby lost a period of peak performance as an athlete . Ali 's actions as a conscientious objector to the war made him an icon for the larger counterculture generation . Ali is regarded as one of the leading heavyweight boxers of the 20th century . He remains the only three-time lineal heavyweight champion , having won the title in 1964 , 1974 , and 1978 . Between February 25 and September 19 , 1964 , Ali reigned as the undisputed heavyweight champion . He is the only boxer to be named The Ring magazine Fighter of the Year six times . He was ranked as the greatest athlete of the 20th century by Sports Illustrated , the Sports Personality of the Century by the BBC , and the third greatest athlete of the 20th century by ESPN SportsCentury . Nicknamed `` The Greatest '' , he was involved in several historic boxing matches . Notable among these were the first Liston fight ; the `` Fight of the Century '' , `` Super Fight II '' , the `` Thrilla in Manila '' versus his rival Joe Frazier , and `` The Rumble in the Jungle '' versus George Foreman . At a time when most fighters let their managers do the talking , Ali thrived in and indeed craved the spotlight , where he was often provocative and outlandish . He was known for trash talking , and often freestyled with rhyme schemes and spoken word poetry , both for his trash talking in boxing and as political poetry for his activism , anticipating elements of rap and hip hop music . As a musician , Ali recorded two spoken word albums and a rhythm and blues song , and received two Grammy Award nominations . As an actor , he performed in several films and a Broadway musical . Additionally , Ali wrote two autobiographies , one during and one after his boxing career . As a Muslim , Ali was initially affiliated with Elijah Muhammad 's Nation of Islam ( NOI ) and advocated their black separatist ideology . He later disavowed the NOI , adhering initially to Sunni Islam and later to Sufism , and supporting racial integration , like his former mentor Malcolm X. After retiring from boxing in 1981 , Ali devoted his life to religious and charitable work . In 1984 , Ali was diagnosed with Parkinson 's syndrome , which his doctors attributed to boxing-related brain injuries . As the condition worsened , Ali made limited public appearances and was cared for by his family until his death on June 3 , 2016 , in Scottsdale , Arizona .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ecf0df1ef66dd0d0b15c901c0bb29509", "text": "Salihu Ibrahim Lt. General ( retired ) Salihu Ibrahim FSS FHWC was Chief of Army Staff ( Nigeria ) from August 1990 until September 1993 during the military regime of General Ibrahim Babangida . Ibrahim joined the army in 1956 . He was given officer 's training at the Nigerian Military Training College . He became a respected Armored Corps officer , considered apolitical although he served as a member of Major-General Muhammadu Buhari 's Supreme Military Council ( 1984-1985 ) . He was briefly arrested in August 1985 during the coup in which Ibrahim Babangida took over from Buhari . Later he became a member of Babangida 's Armed Forces Ruling Council . He was appointed Commandant of the Nigeria Defence Academy ( 1988 - 1990 ) . In August 1990 , General Sani Abacha , then Chief of Army staff ( COAS ) ceded this job to Ibrahim , while remaining Chairman Joint Chiefs and becoming Minister of Defence . Ibrahim was unable to assert much authority , with Abacha even refusing to vacate FlagStaff House , the traditional residence of the COAS . In August 1993 then head of state Ibrahim Babangida appointed Lt. General Aliyu Mohammed as his replacement , but Abacha delayed the change until September to allow Ibrahim time to `` retire with honor '' . After retirement he was appointed a Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of council of the University of Ilorin . He became a member of the board of several Companies . As of 2010 he was Chairman of the International Energy Insurance Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "531659d39d1f65f65b4bcfc1e6dc9d4a", "text": "Muhammad Ali vs. Ron Lyle Muhammad Ali and Ron Lyle fought a boxing match on May 16 , 1975 . Ali won the bout through a technical knockout in the 11th round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f78febbe4e99e449287eef026913e678", "text": "1960 NCAA University Division football rankings Two human polls comprised the 1960 National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) football rankings . Unlike most sports , college football 's governing body , the NCAA , does not bestow a national championship , instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies . There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason -- the AP Poll and the Coaches ' Poll .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbab20ba7f35ebb56730ad28de90db98", "text": "Cassius Clay vs. Alonzo Johnson Cassius Clay ( soon Muhammad Ali ) fought Alonzo Johnson in a ten-round boxing match in Louisville on July 22 , 1961 . Clay won the bout on points through a close but unanimous decision .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d2dd142b7b48dd1cd9074dd4e9ec853", "text": "1960 AFC Youth Championship The AFC Youth Championship 1960 was held in Malaya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec32840b658b275047cc36fc5e4b18da", "text": "2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5f8b9f8383d5ec4673104e1f8dba371", "text": "Ali Baba Ali Baba is a character from the folk tale Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves . This story is included in many versions of the One Thousand and One Nights , to which it was added by Antoine Galland in the 18th century . It is one of the most familiar of the `` Arabian Nights '' tales , and has been widely retold and performed in many media , especially for children , where the more violent aspects of the story are often suppressed . In the story , Ali Baba is a poor woodcutter who discovers the secret of a thieves ' den , entered with the phrase `` Open Sesame '' . The thieves learn this and try to kill Ali Baba , but Ali Baba 's faithful slave-girl foils their plots . Ali Baba gives his son to her in marriage and keeps the secret of the treasure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e69b5ea9b81d1e743303a30cac324433", "text": "İncili Çavuş İncili ÇavuşÇavuş means : 1 . a title given to the officials who engaged in various services provided of in the organizations of the Ottoman State , 2 . a rank of officers who were responsible for transmitting down orders of senior commanders subordinate commanders in the Ottoman Army . çavuş in BSTS / Tarih Terimleri Sözlüğü , 1974 . or Mustafa Çavuş was a figure of comic wisdom during the Ottoman era . He may possibly have been a real person . His birth date is not known . There are several theories about his birthplace . According to Kayseri Ansiklopedisi , he was born in the village of Tırafşın , now called İncili of Tomarza District in Kayseri Province . His fıkras ( jokes ) were collected by Süleyman Tevfik ( Zorluoğlu ) at the first time in the early Republican period , 1923 . According to Abdülbaki Gökpınarlı , Çavuş 's treatise , that had been addressed to Sheikh ul-Islam at the time and written in both Arabic and Turkish languages , was found in Kayseri in 1933-1934 . In two small treatises in a volume , it was mentioned that the name of Muhammad were passed in the Bible ( Turkish : İncil ) . In this way , they gave him the nickname '' İncili '' . As to another tale , Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent ( reigned 1520 -- 1566 ) was very pleased with Mustafa 's showing extraordinary proficiency in an archery contest that was participated by his princes , and said to Mustafa , `` I 'm giving you the rank of a Çavuş ( a high rank in the palace ) . And to be able to distinguish you from other çavuşes and to show your superiority over others , I 'm attaching a pearl to your turban . '' After this affair , his name Mustafa was forgotten and he began to be called '' İncili '' . According to Mustafa Enhoş , he was referred in the History of Naima as a sergeant of the Dergâhı Âlî in 1615 . According to Sennur Sezer and Adnan Özyalçıner , he was one of Musahibs of Sultan Ahmed I ( reignrd 1603 -- 1617 ) and was sent to Safavid Persia as part of the Ottoman delegation ( elçi ) . According to Kayseri Ansiklopedisi , some sources recorded that he accompanied İbrahim Çavuş , who was sent to Iran as ambassador , as `` selam çavuşu '' in 1626 . According to Cemil Asena 's book Diyarbekir Tarihi ve Meşâhiri , he died in 1632-33 . However , sources were unclear on the exact date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3c26de821f88b6d98f94d36fe8b6d69", "text": "Ali M. Mir Ali M. Mir is a member of the Executive Council of the Population Association of Pakistan . He has previously served as the Vice President of the Population Association of Pakistan . and the Secretary General of the Association . He serves as Director Programs at the Population Council 's Pakistan Office . He is a medical graduate from the Rawalpindi Medical College , and obtained Masters of Public Health from the University of Leeds UK . He was awarded the prestigious Britannia/Chevening scholarship to pursue studies in the UK . He has attended specialized postgraduate trainings at Harvard University and the Johns Hopkins University in the US . At the Council he is currently overseeing as chief of Party the implementation of a large scale USAID funded project entitled FALAH ( Family Advancement for Life and Health ) . The project aims to improve health outcomes for families in Pakistan . He has taught community medicine at the Rawalpindi Medical College and has worked for the government of Pakistan . He has authored a book entitled `` A synopsis of Epidemiology and Basic Statistics and edited `` An Introduction to Medical Demography and Population Studies '' . He has also authored several research articles and has made presentations in Pakistan as well as in the US , China , Iran , Egypt , Ethiopia , India and the Sudan . He has run courses and taught at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences , Health Services Academy Islamabad , Institutes of Public Health Lahore and Quetta , University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi , Civil Services Academy Lahore , National Institute of Population Studies Islamabad and the University of Khartoum , Sudan He is a member of the International Union for Scientific Study of Population", "title": "" }, { "docid": "187156fd00195da6b5af8fc13d0eeb94", "text": "Mahdi In Islamic eschatology , the Mahdi ( مهدي , ISO 233 : `` guided one '' ) is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for five , seven , nine , or nineteen years ( according to differing interpretations ) before the Day of Judgement ( , literally , the Day of Resurrection ) and will rid the world of evil . There is no explicit reference to the Mahdi in the Qur ` an , but references to him are found in hadith ( the reports and traditions of Muhammad 's teachings collected after his death ) . According to Islamic tradition , the Mahdi 's tenure will coincide with the Second Coming of Jesus Christ ( Isa ) , who is to assist the Mahdi against the Masih ad-Dajjal ( literally , the `` false Messiah '' or Antichrist ) . Differences exist in the concept of the Mahdi between Shia Muslims and adherents of the Sunni tradition . For Sunnis , the Mahdi is the Muslims ' future leader who is yet to come . For most Shia Muslims , the Mahdi was born but disappeared and will remain hidden from humanity until he reappears to bring justice to the world , a doctrine known as the Occultation . For Twelver Shia , this `` hidden Imam '' is Muhammad al-Mahdi , the Twelfth Imam . Throughout history , various individuals have claimed to be the Mahdi . These have included Muhammad Jaunpuri , founder of the Mahdavia sect ; the Báb ( Siyyid Ali Muhammad ) , founder of Bábism ; Muhammad Ahmad , who established the Mahdist state in Sudan in the late 19th century ; and Mirza Ghulam Ahmad , founder of the Ahmadiyya sect .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08391bf07c5fd33f48ba0b5dbecb9ced", "text": "Religious views of Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali evolved considerably in his religious and spiritual views throughout his life . Ali was introduced to the Nation of Islam in 1962 , and officially became a member of the organization shortly after his first bout with Liston . He converted to Sunni Islam after the death of the Nation 's leader , Elijah Muhammad , in 1975 , following which the organization 's leader Wallace D. Muhammad had aligned the ideology of the Nation with Sunni Islam . Around 2005 , Ali again converted , this time to Sufism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c28198f8ef9a08690191fe970aba20d8", "text": "Ali Ali ( -LSB- ˈɑːli , _ ɑːˈliː -RSB- -LSB- علي , ʿAlī -RSB- , -LSB- ʕaliː -RSB- ; 15 September 601 -- 29 January 661 ) was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad , the prophet of Islam . He ruled over the Caliphate from 656 to 661 , and was Imam of Shia Islam from 632 to 661 . Born to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad , ` Ali was the only person born in the sacred sanctuary of the Ka ` bah in Mecca , the holiest place in Islam , according to many classical Islamic sources , especially Shia ones . ` Ali was the first young male who accepted Islam . After migrating to Medina , he married Muhammad 's daughter Fatimah . Ali took part in the early caravan raids from Mecca and later in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community . He was appointed caliph by Muhammad 's Companions ( Sahaba ) in 656 , after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated . ` Ali 's reign saw civil wars and in 661 , he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa , dying two days later . ` Ali is important to various Sunni and Shi`ite denominations politically , legislatively and spiritually . The numerous biographical sources about Ali are often biased due to sectarianism , but they agree that he was a pious Muslim , devoted to the cause of Islam and a just ruler in accordance with the Qur ' an and the Sunnah . While Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun ( rightly guided ) caliphs , Shi`ites regard ` Ali as the first Imam after Muhammad due to their interpretation of the events at Ghadir Khumm . Shias also believe that ` Ali and the other Shi`ite Imams ( all of whom are members of the Ahl al-Bayt , Muhammad 's household ) are the rightful successors to Muhammad . This disagreement split the Ummah ( Muslim community ) into the Sunni and Shia branches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72c96c323bb7e41f934106ef522781a2", "text": "UFC 10 UFC 10 : The Tournament was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) on July 12 , 1996 , at the Fairgrounds Arena in Birmingham , Alabama . The event was seen live on pay per view in the United States , and later released on home video . A fictional UFC 10 , staged at the Grand Olympic Auditorium , is featured during one scene in the film Virtuosity , including an appearance from fighter Ken Shamrock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "345d61e53ade5e052a376cb9e17cee8e", "text": "Walter Beach Walter Beach , III ( born January 31 , 1933 ) is a former American football player . As a safety , he played college football at the Central Michigan University , where he was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1986 . He also played professionally in the American Football League for the Boston Patriots in 1960 and 1961 , and in the National Football League for the Cleveland Browns from 1962 through 1966 . He was part of the Cleveland Browns team which won the NFL Championship in 1964 . Beach was also part of a group of black athletes who publicly supported Muhammad Ali 's refusal to be inducted into the United States Army , as a conscientious objector to the Vietnam War . Beach is the CEO of Amer-I-Can of New York , a life skills management program founded by his friend and teammate , Jim Brown . In 2014 , Beach authored the book , Consider This .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cd169bcf6b5d8f40bad9d29f4f84236", "text": "Assassination of Ali Ali ibn Abi Talib , the fourth ( last ) Sunni Rashidun caliph and first Shia Imam , was assassinated by a Kharijite called Ibn Muljam on 26 January 661 at the Great Mosque of Kufa , in present-day Iraq . Ali , who was then 62 or 63 years of age , died due to his injuries two days after Ibn Muljam struck him on his head by a poison-coated sword , on the 21 ( or 19 ) Ramadan 40 AH ( 28 January 661 CE ) . He was the third successive caliph , after Umar and Uthman , to be assassinated . Ali became the caliph after the assassination of Uthman in 656 . However he faced opposition from various factions including the Levant governor , Muawiyah I . A civil war , called the First Fitna , took place within the early Islamic state which resulted in the overthrow of the Rashidun caliphs and the establishment of the Umayyad dynasty . It began when the caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated in 656 and continued through the four-year reign of Ali . After Ali agreed to arbitration with Muawiyah I following the Battle of Siffin ( 657 ) , a revolt happened against him by some members of his army , later known as Kharijites ( `` those who leave '' ) . They killed some of Ali 's supporters , but they were crushed by Ali 's forces at the Battle of Nahrawan in July 658 . Ibn Muljam met up with two other Kharijites namely al-Burak ibn Abd Allah and Amr ibn Bakr al-Tamimi at Mecca , and concluded that the situation of the Muslims at the time was due to the errors of Ali , Muawiah and Amr ibn As , governor of Egypt . They decided to kill the three in order to resolve the `` deplorable situation '' of their time and also avenge their companions killed at Nahrawan . Aiming to kill Ali , Ibn Muljam headed toward Kufa where he fell in love with a woman whose brother and father had died at Nahrawan . She agreed to marry him if only he could kill Ali . Consequently , Ali was stabbed by Ibn Muljam at the Great Mosque of Kufa . After Ali 's death , Ibn Muljam was executed in retaliation by Hasan ibn Ali .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38e35b8b187228b513d4141d67f09e25", "text": "Mark Coleman Mark Daniel Coleman ( born December 20 , 1964 ) is a retired American mixed martial artist , professional wrestler , former NCAA collegiate wrestler and former Olympic amateur wrestler . Known as The Hammer , he was the UFC 10 and UFC 11 tournament champion , the first UFC Heavyweight Champion , and the Pride Fighting Championships 2000 Open Weight Grand Prix champion . At UFC 82 Coleman was inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame . At the age of retirement he was taking 150,000 USD salary per year . Coleman is credited with proving the ability of wrestlers to dominate in the developing sport of mixed martial arts , and with being one of the first in American MMA to successfully use the strategy that he coined ; ground-and-pound , earning him the distinction as `` The Godfather of Ground & Pound '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eece085cf99a01f3a32e60466e95bc84", "text": "1960 in basketball The following are the basketball events of the year 1960 throughout the world . Tournaments include international ( FIBA ) , professional ( club ) and amateur and collegiate levels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d461968a76125580356540ba6e0926ca", "text": "Lee Seung-hoon (boxer) Lee Seung-hoon ( Hangul : 이승훈 , Hanja : 李承勳 ; born July 26 , 1960 in Cheongwon , Chungcheongbuk-do , South Korea ) is a former boxer from South Korea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c896acbf59ba7b6e2eb1e9a58658d8b5", "text": "Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times Muhammad Ali : His Life and Times is an award-winning biography of the boxer Muhammad Ali , written in 1991 by Thomas Hauser . It won the William Hill Sports Book of the Year award in that year . A review of the book in the Chicago Tribune states :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d88d9a339c4a2434726a4cc2933725d", "text": "The Trials of Muhammad Ali The Trials of Muhammad Ali is a 2013 American documentary about the heyday of boxer Muhammad Ali 's career , with special focus on his conversion to Islam and his refusal to fight in the Vietnam War .", "title": "" } ]	fever
78b3790692c95fd12995628526e6fa5a	Willow Smith is a German.	[ { "docid": "bc8ce0d47b6a0fda926a91586665d239", "text": "Willow Smith Willow Camille Reign Smith ( born October 31 , 2000 ) , known professionally as Willow , is an American singer , actress and dancer . She is the daughter of Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith , the younger sister of Jaden Smith and the half-sister of Willard Carroll `` Trey '' Smith III . Smith made her acting debut in 2007 in the film I Am Legend and later appeared in Kit Kittredge : An American Girl alongside Abigail Breslin . She received a Young Artist Award for her performance . Smith launched her music career in the autumn of 2010 with the release of the singles `` Whip My Hair '' and `` 21st Century Girl '' , and signed to her current mentor Jay-Z 's record label Roc Nation , becoming the youngest artist signed to the label . `` Whip My Hair '' peaked at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 . The video was nominated for Video of the Year at the BET Awards of 2011 . She released her debut album , ARDIPITHECUS , on December 11 , 2015 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "aff92ee25a01101b3a9baec0979aca51", "text": "Sepp (surname) Sepp is a surname . When borne by Estonian-descended people , it is usually derived from a word meaning `` smith '' . The surname Sepp is also found in Germanic languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "153a2324a990ceaa36ce47b6c3a60442", "text": "Staatsoper Stuttgart The Staatsoper Stuttgart ( Stuttgart State Opera ) is a German opera company based in Stuttgart , Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5828915b0ccdaf6c7c12ed23d8dbfd33", "text": "Budweiser Budvar Brewery Budweiser Budvar Brewery ( Budějovický Budvar ) ( -LSB- ˈbuɟɛjovit͡skiː ˈbudvar -RSB- ) is a brewery in the city of České Budějovice ( Budweis ) , Czech Republic , that is best known for brewing a beer known as Budweiser Budvar , brewed in accordance with the 1516 Reinheitsgebot law , using water , barley and hops . A dispute has been ongoing since 1907 with American brewer Anheuser-Busch InBev over the name `` Budweiser '' . In the United States , Canada , Mexico , Panama , Brazil and Peru , the Budvar beer is marketed as Czechvar . In other countries , it is sold as Budweiser Budvar . Budweiser Budvar is one of the highest selling beers in the Czech Republic in 2014 , it was exported into approximately 66 countries . It is the best selling imported beer in Germany and the best selling Czech beer in Austria and Great Britain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c512edbc1999bafab9968c552dc55ec1", "text": "Goldwasser Danziger Goldwasser ( Gdańska wódka , `` vodka of Gdańsk '' ) , with Goldwasser as the registered tradename , is a strong ( 35 % ABV ) root and herbal liqueur which has been produced since at least 1598 in Danzig ( Gdańsk ) . The most prominent characteristic of this alcoholic beverage is small flakes of 22 or 23 karat gold suspended in it . Alcoholic solutions were used by artists for Gilding , which is believed to be the inspiration for the drink . Alchemy , which was at its high point in the late 16th century when Goldwasser appeared , held gold to have many desirable medical properties ; while modern medicine disputes this , native gold is known to be non-toxic to humans and to pass through the digestive tract unchanged , unlike most other heavy metals . Since the flakes are extremely small and thin , the price is not prohibitive . When used as a food additive , Gold is labelled as E175 ; see -LSB- -LSB- List of food additives , Codex Alimentarius \| List of food additives , Codex Alimentarius -RSB- -RSB- . The drink was invented by a Dutchman from De Lier , Ambrosius Vermeulen who became a citizen of Danzig on 6 July 1598 . In 1704 Ambrosius ' grandson Salomon Vermöllen and his brother-in-law Isaac Wed-Ling moved production to new premises located in the Breitgasse . At that time it was common for houses to use animal symbols instead of numbers , and the new factory featured a salmon ( Lachs ) on the façade ; hence the naming of the brand `` Der Lachs zu Danzig '' . During his trip to Western Europe -- the so-called Grand Embassy -- Russian Tsar Peter I the Great visited the city of Danzig . He founded the official Russian consulate in Danzig and became a great lover of Danziger Goldwasser . He ordered permanent delivery of Goldwasser to Russia for himself . As the Free City of Danzig and East Prussia were separated from Germany after World War I by the Polish corridor , the Der Lachs company opened in 1922 an additional factory in Berlin to supply the main part of Germany and international markets with their products Danziger Goldwasser and Krambambuli from there . After 1945 , when the city became part of Poland , only the Berlin factory continued to produce genuine Danziger Goldwasser . In 1971 Der Lachs was taken over by the Hardenberg-Wilthen distillery and production was moved to the town of Nörten-Hardenberg in West Germany . It is possible to buy the original brand of Danziger Goldwasser in the old town of Gdansk ; however , it is not produced there but rather imported from Nörten-Hardenberg . The original Goldwasser distillery building , though not operational , has been rebuilt as it was before the war , and is now home to the exclusive restaurant `` Pod Łososiem '' ( The Salmon ) . Various Polish brands from Gdańsk sell similar drinks called Gdańska Złotówka ( Gdańsk gold ) or Złota Woda ( Gold water ) . Legend has it that when King Sigismund II Augustus visited Gdańsk in 1549 after his coronation , part of the city 's homage to the monarch was a gift of Goldwasser , and he is said to have sung the praises of the golden drink often along the rest of his tour . Another brand of Goldwasser , Schwabacher Goldwasser , and other sorts of food embellished with gold , are produced in the city of Schwabach near Nuremberg . Goldschläger is a Swiss cinnamon schnapps which also contains small flakes of 22 karat gold . Goldwasser is used to flavour a traditional Soufflé Rothschild .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98f00a50ec7a0c1b628444e8d8535fbf", "text": "Jessica Schwarz Jessica Schwarz ( born 5 May 1977 ) is a German film and TV actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50c6f99fb8b22eb5118f02edb88fec2c", "text": "John Douglas Smith John Douglas Smith ( born 4 August 1966 ) is a Canadian sound editor . In 2004 he won an Emmy Award for the television programme Hitler : The Rise of Evil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffc76fc0f2faa9efe19dd3380d462e19", "text": "Schulmädchen-Report Schulmädchen-Report : Was Eltern nicht für möglich halten ( Schoolgirl Report Part 1 : What Parents Do n't Think Is Possible ) ( UK release title : Confessions of a Sixth Form Girl ) is a 1970 West German sex report film directed by Ernst Hofbauer and produced by Wolf C. Hartwig .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d68d81f5e30a3947d75c17ba53e82479", "text": "The Wind in the Willows (musical) The Wind in the Willows is a 2016 musical written by Julian Fellowes , with music and lyrics by George Stiles and Anthony Drewe , based on the novel of the same name , written by Kenneth Grahame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37da7636c780f7f250727b24baf063bb", "text": "Lois Smith Lois Arlene Smith ( née Humbert ; born November 3 , 1930 ) is an American actress . She has played supporting roles in films including East of Eden , Five Easy Pieces , Resurrection , Fatal Attraction , Fried Green Tomatoes , Dead Man Walking , Tumbleweeds , Twister , Please Give , and The Nice Guys . In television she has performed in series that include The Americans , True Blood , and Desperate Housewives . Smith is also known for her extensive work in the theatre , receiving two Tony Award nominations for originating the role of Ma Joad in The Grapes of Wrath ( 1990 ) and for the role of Halie in a revival of Buried Child in 1996 . She also starred in an acclaimed Off-Broadway revival of The Trip to Bountiful in 2005 for which she received an Obie Award for Best Actress , an Outer Critics Circle Award , a Lucille Lortel Award , and a Drama Desk Award . Smith is an ensemble member of Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago . She was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 2007 for her outstanding contributions to the theatre . In 2013 she was given a Lifetime Achievement Obie Award for excellence in Off-Broadway performance . In her career she has also taught , directed , and written for the stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1961f1ca565e6780dc18fb42924d533c", "text": "Mark L. Smith Mark L. Smith is an American screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4525b3e49983a408066c55e35a5b8341", "text": "L. J. Smith (author) Lisa Jane Smith , known professionally as L. J. Smith , is an American author of young adult fiction best known for her best-selling series The Vampire Diaries , which has been turned into a successful television show . Her books , particularly The Vampire Diaries and Night World , have been in the New York Times Best Seller list and have been nominated for five awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "152b90ddc73672e86a8798030e2fd639", "text": "Bergkirchweih The Bergkirchweih is an annual Volksfest ( beer festival and travelling funfair ) in Erlangen , Germany . Locals nickname it Berch , which is the Franconian pronunciation of the German word Berg , meaning mountain or hill . The Bergkirchweih starts on the Thursday before Pentecost at 5PM . The opening ceremony called `` Anstich '' , which is carried out by the town 's mayor , takes place in a different beer cellar every year . Thousands gather to watch the opening spectacle hoping to get one of the free beers from the first barrel . Twelve days later the last beer barrel is buried in the cellar where the next Anstich will take place . The Bergkirchweih area is located in the northern extremities of the town of Erlangen and is roughly a kilometer long ( 0.6 mi ) . It contains beer cellars , booths and rides - a huge Ferris wheel is the Berch 's traditional landmark . With its wooden benches under elms , chestnuts and oaks it is one of the biggest Open-Air-Biergarten of Europe with more than 11,000 seats . The Bergkirchweih has taken place since 1755 . Nowadays the time when the fair takes place is called the `` fifth season '' . Roughly a million people - about ten times the town 's population - visit the event , making the Bergkirchweih together with Oktoberfest in Munich , Gäubodenvolksfest in Straubing , Michaeliskirchweih in Fürth and Volksfest in Nürnberg one of the great five in Bavaria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dca0ca4b4baab6e1db3ee26b4e31057", "text": "Willow Creek, California Willow Creek ( formerly , China Flat ) is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Humboldt County , California , United States . The population was 1,710 at the 2010 census , down from 1,743 at the 2000 census . Residents of this small mountain town are commonly referred to as `` Willow Creekers . '' The town is located around 25 mi inland from county seat and harbor city Eureka , with the two places vastly differing in climate . Willow Creek sits along the Trinity River . Willow Creek is described as a `` rugged mountain community nestled in the heart of the Six Rivers National Forest . '' This area of California is located in the Trinity/Shasta/Cascade Region , near the Oregon border , and is easily reached via State Routes 96 ( the `` Bigfoot Scenic Byway '' ) and 299 . The town , which is at the intersection of those Routes , is the Bigfoot capital of the world , and holds an annual `` Bigfoot Daze '' festival in September in honor of the creature , followed by various festivities in a local park . The roadhead of the Bluff Creek / Fish Lake Road , near which many alleged Bigfoot sightings and footprint finds occurred , is about 46 miles northeast , along Route 96 . A non-commercial `` Willow Creek Bigfoot Landmarks : A Brief Touring Guide , plus BF Odds and Ends '' can be viewed online . The region is the location of the Willow Creek American Viticultural Area . Organic gardens and vineries abound and welcome travelers to try their wares . The upper Trinity River offers a classic Class III river rafting run with moderate rapids , followed by the Burnt Ranch Gorge , which is one of the toughest runs in the entire state . An Amazon reviewer of the 2013 found-footage horror film , Willow Creek , says , `` The endearing quirkiness of the town is captured very well in the iconography , the interviews ( particularly with Steven S. , the bookstore owner ) , and the food . '' The Wikipedia review says , `` The two stop off first in Willow Creek ... where various locals talk to Jim 's camera , warning them to keep out of the woods , singing ballads about Bigfoot , and generally enjoying their 15 minutes in the spotlight while Jim and Kelly have a blast ... '' Willow Creek was served for many decades by the weekly Klamity Kourier newspaper , which closed in 2006 and was quickly replaced by the Bigfoot Valley News also based in Willow Creek . The Bigfoot Valley News has since closed , but the regional newspaper , Two Rivers Tribune ( www.tworiverstribune.com ) , opened in 1994 and is still going strong . Its news coverage area is from Burnt Ranch all the way to Happy Camp , 97.5 miles ( by Routes 299 and 96 ) to the north .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "768d4a538ee8884c72b4eba4f636d9e6", "text": "Clara (TV series) Clara is a German television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26a3ff2c072da42f3391e0e69dd20810", "text": "Saint Lu Luise Gruber ( born 27 June 1982 in Wels , Austria ) , better known by her stage name Saint Lu is an Austrian singer and songwriter . She currently lives and works in Berlin , Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "860d8c09887bf6ee66389930bc4ace51", "text": "Grimm (musical) Grimm ! is a musical written in German language by Peter Lund ( lyrics ) , with music by Thomas Zaufke and choreography by Neva Howard and is subtitled Die wirklich wahre Geschichte von Rotkäppchen und ihrem Wolf ( The really true story of Little Red Riding Hood and her wolf ) . The musical was premiered on December 7 , 2014 in Graz on children and youth theater Next Liberty . Close in time the German premiere took place as a co-production with the Berlin University of the Arts at the Neuköllner Oper in Berlin on March 19 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1f346b3c7417c872722ce8b5e07fe61", "text": "Kleine Schriften Kleine Schriften is a German phrase ( `` short writings '' or `` minor works '' ; Opuscula ) often used as a title for a collection of articles and essays written by a single scholar over the course of a career . `` Collected Papers '' is an English equivalent . These shorter works were usually published previously in various periodicals or in collections of papers ( such as a Festschrift ) written by multiple scholars . A scholar 's Kleine Schriften may be contained in a single volume , or several volumes published at once or ( more commonly ) in series within a period of a few years . Multi-volume collections may contain a scholar 's minor or lesser-known book-length works as well . The title is usually reserved for the collected works of a scholar who wrote primarily in German or whose first language was German . The collection of a scholar who worked or taught internationally will often contain essays in more than one language ; the multi-volume Kleine Schriften of Walter Burkert , for instance , includes work in German , English , and French . In the case of expatriates , articles in the host language may outnumber those in German . This is particularly true of German philologists who emigrated in the 1930s , many of whom published much of their research in English or French ; Friedrich Solmsen 's three-volume Kleine Schriften , in which English articles outnumber German , is an example . Kleine Schriften may also appear as an explanatory subtitle ; for example , Gotica : kleine Schriften zur gotischen Philologie , a collection of papers on the extinct Gothic language by Ernst A. Ebbinghaus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4682a95159a48ade0095812fd4b61e0f", "text": "Käthe Gold Käthe Gold ( 11 February 1907 -- 11 October 1997 ) was an Austrian actress . Born in Vienna , she trained in that city as an actress and then went to Bern , Breslau ( now Wrocław ) and Munich . In 1932 she went to Berlin , where she remained until 1944 . It was during those years that she had her greatest successes on the stage in plays such as Goethe 's Faust ( Gretchen ) , Shakespeare 's Hamlet ( Ophelia ) , and Ibsen 's A Doll 's House ( Nora ) . In 1944 Gold went to Zurich , Switzerland , and in 1947 she returned to Vienna , where she played at the Burgtheater . Gold 's stage career prevented her from appearing in many movies . Of the few films in which she did act , Amphitryon ( 1935 , playing Alkmene ) , The Girl from Barnhelm ( 1940 ) and , after the war , Rose Bernd ( 1957 ) and Karl May ( a 1976 biopic about Karl May ) are notable . On TV she played Linda opposite Heinz Rühmann in a 1968 German language version of Arthur Miller 's Death of a Salesman . She also had two guest appearances in the TV series , Der Kommissar . Käthe Gold died in her native Vienna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5800c037bdac84210f61053ecf60ed7", "text": "Die Rettungsflieger Die Rettungsflieger is a German television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d61a32752c90051994bdd92ff5116d2", "text": "Kommissarin Lucas Kommissarin Lucas is a German television series .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ec6ba0207ba395c18ac5f7a65f7917d8	Ray Milland acted in the 1942 film The Major and the Minor.	[ { "docid": "a98318f7e1d6849c7312143492ff870d", "text": "Ray Milland Ray Milland ( 3 January 1907 -- 10 March 1986 ) was a Welsh actor and director . His screen career ran from 1929 to 1985 , and he is best remembered for his Academy Award-winning portrayal of an alcoholic writer in The Lost Weekend ( 1945 ) , a sophisticated leading man opposite a corrupt John Wayne in Reap the Wild Wind ( 1942 ) , the murder-plotting husband in Dial M for Murder ( 1954 ) , and as Oliver Barrett III in Love Story ( 1970 ) . Before becoming an actor , Milland served in the Household Cavalry of the British Army , becoming a proficient marksman , horse-rider and aeroplane pilot . He left the army to follow a career in acting and appeared as an extra in several British productions before getting his first major role in The Flying Scotsman ( 1929 ) . This led to a nine-month contract with MGM and he moved to the United States where he appeared as a stock actor . After being released by MGM , he was picked up by Paramount , who used Milland in a range of lesser speaking parts , normally as an English character . He was loaned out to Universal for a film called Three Smart Girls ( 1936 ) , and its success saw Milland given a lead role in The Jungle Princess ( also 1936 ) alongside new starlet Dorothy Lamour . The film was a big success and catapulted both to stardom . Milland remained with Paramount for almost 20 years , and as well as his Oscar-winning role in The Lost Weekend , he is remembered for the films The Major and the Minor ( 1942 ) , The Big Clock ( 1948 ) , and The Thief ( 1952 ) , the last of which saw him nominated for his second Golden Globe . After leaving Paramount , he began directing and ended his career moving into television . Milland , who was at one time Paramount Pictures ' highest paid actor , co-starred alongside many of the most popular actresses of the time including Gene Tierney , Grace Kelly , Lana Turner , Marlene Dietrich , Ginger Rogers , Jane Wyman , Loretta Young and Veronica Lake .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bc3bed575e21361b01d385d337ab53f", "text": "The Major and the Minor The Major and the Minor is a 1942 American comedy film starring Ginger Rogers and Ray Milland . It was the first American film directed by Billy Wilder , and launched his `` incomparable '' directing career . The screenplay by Wilder and Charles Brackett is based on the play Connie Goes Home by Edward Childs Carpenter .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6b5e515c8b26e6fe0db9f90b4da0ebe4", "text": "The Young Mr Pitt The Young Mr. Pitt is a 1942 British biographical film of the life of William Pitt the Younger and in particular his struggle against revolutionary France and Napoleon . It was directed by Carol Reed and stars Robert Donat , Robert Morley and John Mills . Made in black-and-white , it was produced by Edward Black and Maurice Ostrer for the British subsidiary of 20th Century Fox . It was filmed as the Second World War was raging . Similar parallels with the struggle against Hitler 's Germany were implied in That Hamilton Woman ( aka Lady Hamilton , 1941 ) , made by Alexander Korda in the United States with Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh in the leads .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6647090bb338f3c70f952404d4d8151", "text": "Torpedo Boat (film) Torpedo Boat is a 1942 American drama film directed by John Rawlins and written by Maxwell Shane . The film stars Richard Arlen , Jean Parker , Mary Carlisle , Phillip Terry , Dick Purcell and Ralph Sanford . The film was released on January 24 , 1948 , by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d309958d5423c80a0aed424195459529", "text": "The Missing Million The Missing Million is a 1942 British crime film directed by Philip Brandon and starring Linden Travers , John Warwick and Patricia Hilliard . It is adapted from a novel by Edgar Wallace . A millionaire is persecuted by a criminal gang .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37fc246ad14b06cfe5ceb0620a118c1c", "text": "Howard Freeman Howard Freeman ( December 9 , 1899 -- December 11 , 1967 ) was an American stage actor of the early 20th century , and film and television actor of the 1940s through the 1960s . Freeman was born in Helena , Montana , and began working as a stage actor in his 20s . He did not enter the film industry until he was over 40 , in 1942 , when he played a small uncredited role in Inflation . Despite his late start in film acting , Freeman would build himself a fairly substantial career in that field that would last over twenty three years . From 1943 onward he worked on a regular basis , sometimes in uncredited roles , but more often than not in small but credited bit or supporting parts . He appeared in ten films in 1943 , and another eighteen from 1944 through 1945 . In 1946 Freeman would appear in twelve films , the most notable of which was his first film of that year , Abilene Town , starring Randolph Scott and Lloyd Bridges , and California , starring Barbara Stanwyck and Ray Milland . From 1947 through 1950 Freeman appeared in twenty films , and in 1951 he began appearing on numerous television series , which would be his main acting roles for the remainder of his career , lasting into 1965 . He appeared in three episodes of Studio One , along with many other TV series , including Car 54 , Where Are You ? and Route 66 . He retired from film and television acting in 1965 , and settled into retirement in New York City , where he was living at the time of his death on December 11 , 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9806a2ed09a25a54a85f552f457eacd7", "text": "Kansas Pacific (film) Kansas Pacific is a 1953 U.S. Cinecolor Western film released by Allied Artists Pictures and directed by Ray Nazarro . It stars Sterling Hayden and Eve Miller . The film offers a fictionalized account of the struggle to build the Kansas Pacific Railway in the 1860s just prior to the American Civil War . In the film the building of the railroad in Kansas is opposed by sympathizers of the Confederacy . General Winfield Scott sends a Corps of Engineers captain ( Hayden ) incognito to complete the railroad in order to supply western outposts when the anticipated war starts . Opposing the railway is Confederate William Quantrill ( Reed Hadley ) , whose mission is to stop or delay the railway from being completed . The rights to the film are currently in the public domain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "900af885172af3d37e2502afe9f4c983", "text": "In Which We Serve In Which We Serve is a 1942 British patriotic war film directed by Noël Coward and David Lean . It was made during the Second World War with the assistance of the Ministry of Information . The screenplay by Coward was inspired by the exploits of Captain Lord Louis Mountbatten , who was in command of the destroyer when it was sunk during the Battle of Crete . Coward composed the film 's music as well as starring in the film as the ship 's captain . The film also starred John Mills , Bernard Miles , Celia Johnson and Richard Attenborough in his first screen role . In Which We Serve received the full backing of the Ministry of Information which offered advice on what would make good propaganda and facilitated the release of military personnel . The film remains a classic example of wartime British cinema through its patriotic imagery of national unity and social cohesion within the context of the war .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80aead0c1383e89632f632e5f2b5be7f", "text": "Till We Meet Again (1944 film) Till We Meet Again is a 1944 American drama film directed by Frank Borzage and written by Lenore J. Coffee . The film stars Ray Milland , Barbara Britton , Walter Slezak , Lucile Watson , Konstantin Shayne , Vladimir Sokoloff and Mona Freeman . The film was released on August 30 , 1944 , by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abb6a93bd346346e3316ab03ae19cd06", "text": "Tobacco Road (film) Tobacco Road is a 1941 film directed by John Ford starring Charley Grapewin , Marjorie Rambeau , Gene Tierney , William Tracy Dana Andrews and Ward Bond . It was based on the novel of the same name by Erskine Caldwell , but the plot was rewritten for the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c957df4756a2ec0c6cd126ab65c3494d", "text": "Hotel Imperial (1939 film) Hotel Imperial is a 1939 American dramatic film directed by Robert Florey . It stars Isa Miranda and Ray Milland . The plot follows a 1917 play by the Hungarian writer Lajos Bíró : in the waning days of World War I , on the Russian-Austrian frontier , a young woman looking to avenge the suicide of her sister poses as a chambermaid in the Hotel Imperial . A Hungarian silent film was released in 1918 , and an American version starring Pola Negri in 1927 . The history of this production began in 1936 , with Marlene Dietrich and Charles Boyer in the lead roles , but Dietrich clashed repeatedly with director Henry Hathaway . Filming resumed with Margaret Sullavan , who broke her arm , necessitating yet another cast change . Four years after the release of this version , Five Graves to Cairo ( 1943 ) moved the setting ahead to World War II and featured Franchot Tone and Ann Baxter . Milland had a near-fatal accident on the set . One scene called for him to lead a cavalry charge through a small village . Milland insisted upon doing this scene himself , but as he was making a scripted jump on the horse , his saddle came loose , sending him flying straight into a pile of broken masonry . Knocked unconscious for 24 hours , he was laid up in the hospital for weeks with multiple fractures and lacerations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9533375749a21601b5fd1e9758780db8", "text": "Meet the Missus (1940 film) Meet the Missus is an American comedy film released in 1940 . The eighth in the 1938 -- 41 nine-film Higgins Family series , this entry features Alan Ladd in a small role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b5ca2f300c2699d898cd3b72f901494", "text": "Man with Two Lives Man with Two Lives is a 1942 American film directed by Phil Rosen and written by Joseph Hoffman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b454573028840571611976ae9df969a8", "text": "The Great Moment (1944 film) The Great Moment is a 1944 biographical film written and directed by Preston Sturges . Based on the book Triumph Over Pain ( 1940 ) by René Fülöp-Miller , it tells the story of Dr. William Thomas Green Morton , a 19th-century Boston dentist who discovered the use of ether for general anesthesia . The film stars Joel McCrea and Betty Field , and features Harry Carey , William Demarest , Franklin Pangborn and Porter Hall . The movie was filmed in 1942 but not released for over two years , and the released version differed from what Preston Sturges had wished , although he publicly accepted the film as his own . Paramount Pictures disliked the film Sturges had made , and pulled it from his control , re-titled and re-edited it , in the process making it ( especially in the early segment ) more confusing for the audience to understand . The studio 's released version was marketed in a way that made it appear to be one of Sturges ' comedies . The film was not well received by the critics or the public , and marked the end of a sustained run of success for Sturges , who had already left Paramount by the time the film was released . Although rarely seen today , the film is worth viewing for its flashback structure -- comparable in some ways to Citizen Kane , which was influenced by the earlier film The Power and the Glory , for which Sturges wrote the screenplay -- and for its irreverent and subtly satirical tone , unusual for a time when most Hollywood biopics were over-inflated and sentimental . In 2003 a medical-dental historian in a lengthy analysis of the movie and its history -- which cited its flashback structure , timeless subject , injections of humor , and `` un-Pasteur-like '' treatment of its protagonist , while adhering reasonably well to the historical record -- concluded that `` The Great Moment may now be due for a general reevaluation by movie historians and critics who , like most folks , have never felt much affection for dentists past and present . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f447272545dd111467fcf425257f960", "text": "Sunset on the Desert Sunset on the Desert is a 1942 American Western film directed by Joseph Kane and starring Roy Rogers , and George `` Gabby '' Hayes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "612b5699b2b6d5fc0e5e92a30f0f6320", "text": "Easy Living (1937 film) Easy Living ( 1937 ) is an American screwball comedy film , directed by Mitchell Leisen , written by Preston Sturges from a story by Vera Caspary , and starring Jean Arthur , Edward Arnold , and Ray Milland . Many of the supporting players ( William Demarest , Franklin Pangborn , Luis Alberni , Robert Greig , Olaf Hytten , and Arthur Hoyt ) became a major part of Sturges ' regular stock company of character actors in his subsequent films . Ralph Rainger and Leo Robin composed the song `` Easy Living '' for the film , and it has since become a jazz standard , made famous by Billie Holiday , Ella Fitzgerald and many other jazz singers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cff7b787fd8ae74388656ca36d5d3f2a", "text": "Letter of Introduction (film) Letter of Introduction is a 1938 American comedy drama film directed by John M. Stahl . In 1966 , the film entered the public domain ( in the United States ) due to the claimants failure to renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after publication .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94f6a01682dafdb79cb5d98c0d922bbb", "text": "The Big Shot The Big Shot ( 1942 ) is an American film noir crime drama film starring Humphrey Bogart as a crime boss and Irene Manning as the woman he falls in love with . This was the last film in which former supporting player Bogart , who had finally reached stardom with High Sierra ( 1940 ) and The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ) , would portray a gangster . One of Bogart 's lesser-known works , it was released on DVD for the first time by Warner Archive early in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b6a68bc624b3d11bb3a846dc592d75d", "text": "Our Town (1940 film) Our Town is a 1940 American drama romance film adaptation of a play of the same name by Thornton Wilder starring Martha Scott as Emily Webb , and William Holden as George Gibbs . The cast also included Fay Bainter , Beulah Bondi , Thomas Mitchell , Guy Kibbee and Frank Craven . It was adapted by Harry Chandlee , Craven and Wilder , and directed by Sam Wood . The film was a faithful reproduction of the play except for two significant changes : the film used scenery , whereas the play had not ; the events of the third act , which in the play revolve around the death of one of the main characters , were turned into a dream from which Emily awakens -- she is then able to resume a normal life . Producer Sol Lesser worked with Wilder in creating these changes . A radio adaptation of the film on Lux Radio Theater on May 6 , 1940 , used the altered film ending . The U.S. copyright of the film was not renewed after its first term expired in 1968 . However , because it is a derivative work from a play that is still under U.S. copyright , it is not deemed to be in the public domain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f47112c4ee142e28976e847b03756a6", "text": "Fall In Fall In is a 1942 American comedy film directed by Kurt Neumann and written by Eugene Conrad and Edward E. Seabrook . The film stars William Tracy , Joe Sawyer , Robert Barrat , Jean Porter and Arthur Hunnicutt . The film was released on November 20 , 1942 , by United Artists .", "title": "" } ]	fever
0a8495c4e840836dc099b46827c8eb26	Schindler's List received an award.	[ { "docid": "d897b3e0d60610eba6e57f351b29f0aa", "text": "Schindler's List Schindler 's List is a 1993 American epic historical period drama film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg and scripted by Steven Zaillian . It is based on the novel Schindler 's Ark by Australian novelist Thomas Keneally . The film relates a period in the life of Oskar Schindler , an ethnic German businessman , during which he saved the lives of more than a thousand mostly Polish-Jewish refugees from the Holocaust by employing them in his factories during World War II . It stars Liam Neeson as Schindler , Ralph Fiennes as SS officer Amon Göth , and Ben Kingsley as Schindler 's Jewish accountant Itzhak Stern . Ideas for a film about the Schindlerjuden ( Schindler Jews ) were proposed as early as 1963 . Poldek Pfefferberg , one of the Schindlerjuden , made it his life 's mission to tell the story of Schindler . Spielberg became interested in the story when executive Sidney Sheinberg sent him a book review of Schindler 's Ark. . Universal Pictures bought the rights to the novel , but Spielberg , unsure if he was ready to make a film about the Holocaust , tried to pass the project to several other directors before finally deciding to direct the film himself . Principal photography took place in Kraków , Poland , over the course of 72 days in 1993 . Spielberg shot the film in black and white and approached it as a documentary . Cinematographer Janusz Kamiński wanted to give the film a sense of timelessness . John Williams composed the score , and violinist Itzhak Perlman performs the film 's main theme . Schindler 's List premiered on November 30 , 1993 , in Washington , D.C. and it was released on December 15 , 1993 , in the United States . Often listed among the greatest films ever made , it was also a box office success , earning $ 321.2 million worldwide on a $ 22 million budget . It was the recipient of seven Academy Awards ( out of twelve nominations ) , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay , and Best Original Score , as well as numerous other awards ( including seven BAFTAs and three Golden Globes ) . In 2007 , the American Film Institute ranked the film 8th on its list of the 100 best American films of all time . The Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry in 2004 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ac15bbc56715bc55dcc6de3bda402349", "text": "César Award for Best Original Screenplay The César Award for Best Original Screenplay ( César du meilleur scénario original ) is an award presented by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma . It was initially awarded from 1983 to 1985 , and then awarded again in 2006 , when the original category ( César Award for Best Writing ) was split into two awards , the other being César Award for Best Adaptation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b36edb26af2e5763ae6c9243952d273", "text": "Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Film The Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Film is one of the annual awards given by the Toronto Film Critics Association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecbd693c1acec4524eee6bb87be6fad1", "text": "Scream Awards The Scream Awards were an award show dedicated to the horror , sci-fi , and fantasy genres of feature films . Originally only having Scream Queen and Heroic Performance awards for actors , the personnel awards have expanded to include actors and actresses of all three recognized genres . In addition , comic books awards were also given and have been recently expanded . It is broadcast on Spike TV and has been branded in the past as the Spike TV Scream Awards . Subsequently , the show was relabeled simply Scream with the respective year , i.e. Scream 2009 . The show was created by executive producers Michael Levitt , Cindy Levitt , and Casey Patterson . The Scream Awards ceremonies were cancelled following the 2011 Scream Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b41f024961c17098138c2682514f40d2", "text": "Political Film Society Award for Exposé The Political Film Society Award for exposé is given out each year to a film that has an investigative depth into a subject matter and often exposes surprising information on the subject . This award has been handed out by the Society since 1988 . Depending on the number of films that qualify , as few as one films has been nominated for this award before but as many as fourteen have been nominated in years past . The film that first won this award was A Cry in the Dark in 1988 that was directed by Fred Schepisi . The award , as with any other Political Film Society Award , can go to a mainstream film , independent film , or even an international film . The Political Film Society looks at a broad selection of films before it nominates them for an award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d3ef4144272590b03989e584498c8a2", "text": "List of Iraqi submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Iraq has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 2005 . The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . It was not created until the 1956 Academy Awards , in which a competitive Academy Award of Merit , known as the Best Foreign Language Film Award , was created for non-English speaking films , and has been given annually since . As of 2016 , seven Iraqi films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , and none of them have been accepted as nominees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5349efb37d6a05cec1e9202ce515c28", "text": "List of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film This is a list of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film every year since the award was created in 1956 . The award is presented annually by the Academy to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Nine shortlisted contenders will be revealed a week before the announcement of the Oscar nominations . The submitted motion pictures must be first released theatrically in their respective countries between 1 October 2011 , and 30 September 2012 . On 8 October 2012 , the Academy announced the final list of eligible submissions , with a record number of 71 films . Nine finalists were announced in December 2012 , which were shortlisted in January , with the final five nominees announced on 10 January 2013 . The Austrian entry Amour directed by Michael Haneke was the eventual winner . Kenya submitted its first film in the Foreign Language category with Nairobi Half Life . Cambodia made its first submission in 18 years ( and its second overall ) with Lost Loves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "112de227072a9ddb2e7562d71661d2b1", "text": "The Ib Award The Ib Award ( Ib-prisen ) is one of the external awards presented occasionally by the Danish Film Academy at the annual Robert Awards ceremony . The award was first handed out in 2013 , and is named after Danish producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa6e9c8487342b7db1fdcd2454aa3ebd", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49ee46cb32afa32f821db9090c4d06d4", "text": "Bodil Special Award The Bodil Special Award ( Sær-Bodil , Special Bodil ) is one of the awards at the annual Bodil Awards presented by the Danish Film Critics Association . While the Bodil Awards as such were established in 1948 , the Special Award was first presented in 2008 , and has been given annually to a person or an organization who has done something special for Danish cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51d1957e2dd059e76a676a2f620dac25", "text": "Bonnie Curtis Bonnie Kathleen Curtis ( born March 26 , 1966 ) is an American film producer whose credits include Saving Private Ryan , A.I. , Minority Report , and The Lost World : Jurassic Park , directed by Steven Spielberg . Her first solo project was the 2005 release The Chumscrubber . She then joined Mockingbird Pictures with partner Julie Lynn in 2011 . Curtis and Lynn produced Albert Nobbs , which was nominated for three Academy Awards . Curtis is a co-recipient of the 1999 Producers Guild Award for Motion Picture Producer of the Year , for Saving Private Ryan . On March 12 , 2015 , Curtis was inducted into the Texas Film Hall of Fame . Spielberg congratulated her via video message during the ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4389b02cdbcb2df2d990a318243983c8", "text": "Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay The Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay is one of the annual awards given by the Chicago Film Critics Association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95b7fe180c14df46b0999871528880a", "text": "Oskar Schindler Oskar Schindler ( 28 April 1908 -- 9 October 1974 ) was a German industrialist , spy , and member of the Nazi Party who is credited with saving the lives of 1,200 Jews during the Holocaust by employing them in his enamelware and ammunitions factories , which were located in occupied Poland and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia . He is the subject of the 1982 novel Schindler 's Ark , and the subsequent 1993 film Schindler 's List , which reflected his life as an opportunist initially motivated by profit who came to show extraordinary initiative , tenacity and dedication to save the lives of his Jewish employees . Schindler grew up in Zwittau , Moravia , and worked in several trades until he joined the Abwehr , the intelligence service of Nazi Germany , in 1936 . He joined the Nazi Party in 1939 . Prior to the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1938 , he collected information on railways and troop movements for the German government . He was arrested for espionage by the Czech government but was released under the terms of the Munich Agreement in 1938 . Schindler continued to collect information for the Nazis , working in Poland in 1939 before the invasion of Poland at the start of World War II . In 1939 , Schindler acquired an enamelware factory in Kraków , Poland , which employed about 1,750 workers , of whom 1,000 were Jews at the factory 's peak in 1944 . His Abwehr connections helped Schindler to protect his Jewish workers from deportation and death in the Nazi concentration camps . As time went on , Schindler had to give Nazi officials ever larger bribes and gifts of luxury items obtainable only on the black market to keep his workers safe . By July 1944 , Germany was losing the war ; the SS began closing down the easternmost concentration camps and deporting the remaining prisoners westward . Many were killed in Auschwitz and Gross-Rosen concentration camp . Schindler convinced SS-Hauptsturmführer Amon Göth , commandant of the nearby Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp , to allow him to move his factory to Brünnlitz in the Sudetenland , thus sparing his workers from almost certain death in the gas chambers . Using names provided by Jewish Ghetto Police officer Marcel Goldberg , Göth 's secretary Mietek Pemper compiled and typed the list of 1,200 Jews who travelled to Brünnlitz in October 1944 . Schindler continued to bribe SS officials to prevent the execution of his workers until the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945 , by which time he had spent his entire fortune on bribes and black-market purchases of supplies for his workers . Schindler moved to West Germany after the war , where he was supported by assistance payments from Jewish relief organisations . After receiving a partial reimbursement for his wartime expenses , he moved with his wife , Emilie , to Argentina , where they took up farming . When he went bankrupt in 1958 , Schindler left his wife and returned to Germany , where he failed at several business ventures and relied on financial support from Schindlerjuden ( `` Schindler Jews '' ) -- the people whose lives he had saved during the war . He was named Righteous Among the Nations by the Israeli government in 1963 . He died on 9 October 1974 in Hildesheim , Germany , and was buried in Jerusalem on Mount Zion , the only member of the Nazi Party to be honoured in this way .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef90d1491b7ed59cdc44031c0c38d8da", "text": "The Inge Genefke Award The Inge Genefke Award is granted every second year by the Anti-Torture Support Foundation to a person who has carried out particularly outstanding work against torture . Named after Dr. Inge Genefke , a Danish physician and trailblazer in the worldwide fight against torture , the award can not be applied for , but is given by the decision of the board of the Anti-Torture Support Foundation . The Inge Genefke and Bent Sørensen Anti-Torture Support Foundation is a non - profit foundation . Its purpose is to support work against torture , particularly by awarding the Inge Genefke award every two years to an exceptional individual that has carried out commendable work against the use of torture . The foundation has been established in recognition of the vital importance of the fight against torture and also with respect of the significant work by International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims founder Inge Genefke , MD , DMSc . h.c. and Professor Bent Sørensen , MD , DMSc .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c6fc1c0eba9f7eed11605c85daebe4d", "text": "Bodil Award for Best Non-American Film The Bodil Award for Best Non-American Film is one of the categories for the Bodil Awards presented annually by the Danish Union of Film Critics ( Danish : Filmedarbejderforeningen ) . It was created in 1948 and is one of the oldest film prizes in Europe . This category was called `` Best European Film '' until 2001 , when it became the `` Best Non-American Film '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3ec9d899eca67259ed9f51856f87b4f", "text": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 . Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated . Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees . Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ae12dec699977fffdbf310bd1fd62a7", "text": "Producers Guild of America Award for Best Animated Motion Picture The Producers Guild of America Award for Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Pictures is an award annually given since 2005 . Of all the 12 films awarded , 8 have gone on to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e1562e3e2ba348de668f39a050d4889", "text": "Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film Every year since its inception , the Japanese Academy has recognized an outstanding foreign film . The year that any given film is nominated is not based on the film 's domestic release date but rather on the date it is released in Japan . As delays of over four months are not uncommon , many films are nominated in Japan the following year after their release to the Japanese market ( i.e. Million Dollar Baby won the American Academy Award for Best Picture for films made in 2004 , but the Japanese award , based on its localized release date , is for 2005 ) . In fact , not one of the five films nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture had been released in Japan by February 15 , 2008 , the date of the Japan Academy Prize Ceremony . Although the 2007 recipient of this award , Letters from Iwo Jima , a film almost entirely in Japanese , would not seem to meet the qualification of a `` Foreign Language Film '' , the actual Japanese title of the award , 最優秀外国作品賞 makes no mention of language . It would be more accurately translated as `` Best Foreign Production '' . 2017 - Sully The Martian Zootopia Star Wars : The Force Awakens The Revenant 2016 - American Sniper Kingsman : The Secret Service Mad Max : Fury Road Spectre Whiplash 2015 - Frozen Interstellar Jersey Boys Fury Godzilla 2014 - Les Misérables 3 Idiots Captain Phillips Django Unchained Gravity 2013 - The Intouchables Argo The Dark Knight Rises The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo Skyfall 2012 - The King 's Speech Rise of the Planet of the Apes Moneyball The Social Network Black Swan 2011 - Avatar Inception Toy Story 3 Invictus The Hurt Locker 2010 - Gran Torino Slumdog Millionaire Changeling The Wrestler Red Cliff Part II 2009 - The Dark Knight The Bucket List No Country for Old Men Lust , Caution Red Cliff Part I 2008 - Letters from Iwo Jima Dreamgirls Babel Hairspray The Bourne Ultimatum 2007 - Flags of Our Fathers Crash Hotel Rwanda Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest The Da Vinci Code 2006 - Million Dollar Baby Cinderella Man Charlie and the Chocolate Factory The Phantom of the Opera Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith 2005 - The Last Samurai The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King Mystic River Seabiscuit Troy 2004 - The Pianist Chicago The Hours The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers Yeopgijeogin geunyeo 2003 - Monster 's Ball Gangs of New York Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets I Am Sam The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring 2002 - Billy Elliot Artificial Intelligence : AI Chocolat Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone Postmen in the Mountains 2001 - Dancer in the Dark American Beauty Gladiator The Green Mile Swiri 2000 - The Sixth Sense Elizabeth The Matrix Shakespeare in Love La Vita è bella 1999 - L.A. Confidential Armageddon As Good as It Gets Good Will Hunting Saving Private Ryan 1998 - Titanic The English Patient Shine Air Force One Seven Years in Tibet1997 - Il Postino Independence Day Mission : Impossible Se7en 12 Monkeys1996 - The Shawshank Redemption Apollo 13 The Bridges of Madison County Forrest Gump Léon 1995 - Schindler 's List The Piano Pulp Fiction Speed True Lies 1994 - Jurassic Park Cliffhanger The Fugitive Heaven & Earth Unforgiven 1993 - JFK The Lover Basic Instinct The Bodyguard A League of Their Own 1992 - Dances with Wolves Awakenings Nikita The Silence of the Lambs Terminator 2 : Judgment Day 1991 - Field of Dreams Die Hard 2 Ghost Cinema Paradiso Total Recall 1990 - Die Hard Black Rain Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Major League Rain Man 1989 - The Last Emperor Fatal Attraction Full Metal Jacket Moonstruck Wall Street 1988 - Platoon Hannah and Her Sisters Stand By Me Top Gun The Untouchables 1987 - Back to the Future Aliens A Chorus Line The Color Purple Out of Africa 1986 - Amadeus The Cotton Club The Killing Fields A Passage to India Witness 1985 - Once Upon a Time in America Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom The Natural The Right Stuff Terms of Endearment 1984 - An Officer and a Gentleman The Woman Next DoorFlashdanceGandhiSophie 's Choice1983 - E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialDas BootChariots of FireOn Golden PondRocky III1982 - Die BlechtrommelBeing ThereThe Elephant ManOrdinary PeopleLes Uns et les Autres1981 - Kramer vs. KramerAll That JazzApocalypse NowManhattanTess1980 - The Deer HunterThe Tree of Wooden ClogsBig WednesdayThe ChampThe Travelling Players1979 - Conversation PieceClose Encounters of the Third KindThe Goodbye GirlStar Wars Episode IV : A New HopeThe Turning Point1978 - RockyThe Fire WithinNetworkSlap ShotVoyage of the Damned ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0336a0d807a705d458f857549cddab0a", "text": "Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Picture The Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Picture is an annual film award given by the Online Film Critics Society to honor the best picture of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f6824ea1eab85c21438c65f7b681406", "text": "List of film awards This is a list of groups , organizations and festivals that recognize achievements in cinema , usually by awarding various prizes . The awards sometimes also have popular unofficial names ( such as the ` Oscar ' for Hollywood 's Academy Awards ) , which are mentioned if applicable . Many awards are simply identified by the name of the group presenting the award . Awards have been divided into four major categories : Critics ' Awards , voted on ( usually annually ) by a group of critics ; Festival Awards , awards presented to the best film shown in a particular film festival ; Industry Awards , which are selected by professionals working in some branch of the movie industry ; and Audience Awards , which are voted by the general public .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b7fc36198a8f9951b03a61edbde30a11	Josh Duhamel is in the film industry as multiple roles.	[ { "docid": "a790f46d15bf7ce3968046a78bf4e483", "text": "Josh Duhamel Joshua David Duhamel ( -LSB- dəˈmɛl -RSB- ; born November 14 , 1972 ) is an American actor and former fashion model . After various modeling work , he made his acting debut as Leo du Pres on the ABC daytime soap opera All My Children and later starred as Danny McCoy on NBC 's Las Vegas . Duhamel then ventured into film , appearing as one of the main protagonists in the first three films of the Transformers film series ; reprising his role in the fifth film , Transformers : The Last Knight ( 2017 ) . He has also appeared in When in Rome ( 2010 ) , Life as We Know It ( 2010 ) , New Year 's Eve ( 2011 ) , Safe Haven ( 2013 ) , and You 're Not You ( 2014 ) . In 2015 , Duhamel co-starred on the short-lived CBS crime drama Battle Creek .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e030c19e41aea313dd51ee8b5c160e14", "text": "Hold'em (film) Hold 'em is a 2014 American thriller film directed by Clay DuMaw . The film 's plot combines Texas hold 'em with elements from horror and thriller films such as Battle Royale and Saw .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af22df3ea6e8d51d54fddc84b568cc73", "text": "Stealth (film) Stealth is a 2005 science fiction action film starring Josh Lucas , Jessica Biel , Jamie Foxx , Sam Shepard , Joe Morton and Richard Roxburgh . The film , an international co-production between the United States , Australia , and New Zealand , was directed by Rob Cohen , director of The Fast and the Furious and xXx . The film follows three top fighter pilots as they join a project to develop an automated robotic stealth aircraft . Released on July 29 , 2005 by Columbia Pictures , the film cost $ 135 million to make , but was panned by critics , and was a box office bomb making only $ 76 million worldwide , one of the worst losses in cinematic history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a55a33c47e715a91515253b8a1539d08", "text": "Tusk (2014 film) Tusk is a 2014 American comedy horror film written and directed by Kevin Smith , based on a story from his SModcast podcast . The film stars Michael Parks , Justin Long , Haley Joel Osment , Génesis Rodríguez , and Johnny Depp . The film is intended to be the first in Smith 's planned True North trilogy . Tusk had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival , before it was released on September 19 , 2014 , by A24 . The film was Smith 's first major wide release since Cop Out , and performed poorly at the box office after receiving mixed reviews .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dc25a7f1c07ffd673c318ffca65d793", "text": "Caitlin Dulany Caitlin Dulany is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e39d1b0a552a73322538e006cd367246", "text": "Bodyguard (2010 film) Bodyguard is a 2010 Malayalam romantic action comedy film written and directed by Siddique . It stars Dileep and Nayantara in the lead roles . This film was Nayantara 's comeback to Malayalam cinema after a gap of four years , and it is the first time that Dileep had worked with Siddique . Popular choreographer-director Prabhu Deva choreographed the song sequences . The film released on 23 January 2010 . It has been remade into Tamil , Hindi , Kannada and Telugu and was a moderate success . Tamil and Hindi versions were directed by Siddique himself . A Bengali version of the movie is in production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "576767220a7a7999fa05b01cd54cab43", "text": "Aloha (film) Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by Cameron Crowe . The film , starring Bradley Cooper , Emma Stone , Rachel McAdams , Bill Murray , John Krasinski , Danny McBride , and Alec Baldwin , was released on May 29 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews from critics , and has grossed only $ 26 million against a budget of $ 37 million , making the film a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea73887b2a7743ef9ca6b76f23c3dcff", "text": "Richard's Wedding Richard 's Wedding is a 2012 comedy/drama film written , edited , and directed by Onur Tukel . Among the film 's ensemble cast are actors Josephine Decker , Randy Gambill , Lawrence Michael Levine , Jennifer Prediger , and Tukel himself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33cae4cf1def9ff41f2e9093e714c7b5", "text": "Jaani Dushman Jaani Dushman is a 1979 Indian Bollywood horror fantasy thriller film produced and directed by Rajkumar Kohli on Shankar Movies banner . It features a huge ensemble cast including Sunil Dutt , Sanjeev Kumar , Jeetendra , Shatrughan Sinha , Vinod Mehra , Reena Roy , Rekha , Neetu Singh in lead roles and music composed by Laxmikant-Pyarelal . The film recorded as Super Hit at box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efd78f1d9f3a362cc8abb66529617b90", "text": "Menahi Menahi is a Saudi comedy film . Fayez al-Malki is the lead actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88c54f418778287f4b8f66f525226687", "text": "Playing It Cool Playing It Cool ( formerly known as A Many Splintered Thing ) is an American romantic comedy film directed by Justin Reardon and written by Chris Shafer and Paul Vicknair . The film stars Chris Evans , Michelle Monaghan , Anthony Mackie , Aubrey Plaza , Patrick Warburton , Ashley Tisdale , Ioan Gruffudd , and Topher Grace . The film was released on video on demand starting on March 31 , 2015 before a limited release on May 8 , 2015 by Vertical Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9713caaa9368da3ecf14d3474681057", "text": "Boychoir (film) Boychoir is a 2014 American drama film directed by François Girard and written by Ben Ripley . The film stars Dustin Hoffman , Kathy Bates , Debra Winger , Josh Lucas and the American Boychoir School .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72e632fbe563523edbfac8a7846defdc", "text": "Louis-Philippe Dury Louis-Philippe Dury ( born June 23 , 1992 ) is a Quebecers film and television actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90f27afba8397fe1f035ddb9ea46d394", "text": "The Hangover Part II The Hangover Part II is a 2011 American comedy film produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is the sequel to the 2009 film The Hangover and the second installment in The Hangover trilogy . Directed by Todd Phillips , who co-wrote the script with Craig Mazin and Scot Armstrong , the film stars Bradley Cooper , Ed Helms , Zach Galifianakis , Ken Jeong , Jeffrey Tambor , Justin Bartha , and Paul Giamatti . It tells the story of Phil , Stu , Alan , and Doug as they travel to Thailand for Stu 's wedding . After the bachelor party in Las Vegas , Stu takes no chances and opts for a safe , subdued pre-wedding brunch . Things do not go as planned , resulting in another bad hangover with no memories of the previous night . Development began in April 2009 , two months before The Hangover was released . The principal actors were cast in March 2010 to reprise their roles from the first film . Production began in October 2010 , in Ontario , California , before moving on location in Thailand . The film was released on May 26 , 2011 and became the highest-grossing R-rated comedy during its theatrical run . A third and final installment , The Hangover Part III , was released on May 23 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95b10c15d0b356cf9c774a6255aa112a", "text": "Western Religion (film) Western Religion is 2015 Wild West feature film by writer-director James O'Brien . It features performances by Claude Duhamel , Peter Shinkoda , and Miles Szanto , among many others in a large international cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7427ca0b6023e7e898b322825be2cef9", "text": "Duplass Duplass is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Jay Duplass ( born 1973 ) , American actor , director , screenwriter and producer Mark Duplass ( born 1976 ) , American actor , director , screenwriter , producer and musician", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf4f1f59d8fbf92a8d3c35f3854210bf", "text": "Hero: The Superstar Hero : The Superstar is a Dhallywood film directed by Bodiul Alam Khokon . The film stars Shakib Khan in a dual role , with Apu Biswas and Bobby in the female lead , while Amit Hasan , Shiba Shanu , Misha Sawdagor , Nothun and Uzzol play supporting roles . The film is loosely inspired by two Telugu films : Rebel and Naayak . The film marks the debut of Shakib Khan as a producer . Hero : The Superstar released on Eid al-Fitr of 29 July 2014 in 120 screens which was the widest release for any Bangladeshi film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7816d44ad72994842618ea4eae0b3eac", "text": "Sorry for the Disturbance Sorry for the Disturbance ( -- āsef ʿala el-ezʿāg ) ( 2008 ) is an Egyptian film starring Ahmed Helmi and Menna Shalabi . The movie revolves around the life of a troubled young aviation engineer ( Helmi ) . Although he is successful at his job , and leads an ordinary life , he feels lonely , out of place , and depressed . One day he meets a beautiful girl at a cafe ( Shalabi ) , and starts dating her . His life is turned upside down , as he learns that he is suffering from schizophrenia , and that he has been having visual hallucinations of his late father , and his girlfriend . The film was one of the two highest grossing films in Egypt of 2008 , earning over L.E. 15 million . The film won first prize at the Egyptian National film festival and won the Dear Guest magazine award for best movie of 2008 . Helmi won the Egyptian Catholic Center Cinema Festival award for Best Actor for the third year running , and the film won Best Film , Best Director , Best Script , and Best Production . The soundtrack includes Do n't Speak by No Doubt and Buddha Bar by Wally Brill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e99b7d1a9d8c3829971fc174148e041a", "text": "Duma (2005 film) Duma is a 2005 American family drama adventure film about a young South African boy 's friendship with an orphaned cheetah from a story by Carol Flint and Karen Janszen , set in the country of South Africa and based on How It Was with Dooms by Carol Cawthra Hopcraft and Xan Hopcraft . It was distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures , Gaylord Films and C.O.R.E. , directed by Carroll Ballard ( director of The Black Stallion and Fly Away Home ) , produced by Gaylord Films , Warner Bros. , John Wells Productions , Pandora Pictures , Stacy Cohen , E.K. Gaylord II , Kristin Harms , Hunt Lowry and John Wells , written by Karen Janszen and Mark St. Germain , edited by T.M. Christopher , cinematographed by Werner Maritz with music by George Acogny and John Debney and starring Alexander Michaletos , Eamonn Walker , Campbell Scott and Hope Davis . The film was theatrically released on April 22 , 2005 by Warner Bros. . Pictures , Gaylord Films and C.O.R.E. . The film went on receiving very positive reviews from critics and it earned $ 994,790 on a $ 12 million budget . The film won the Family Feature Film at the Genesis Awards in 2006 . The film was rated PG for mild adventure peril . Duma was released on DVD on May 16 , 2006 by Warner Bros. . Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b81662afbcb3753d694d1c0bd2985ca", "text": "Pulp (2012 film) Pulp is a British comedy film directed by Adam Hamdy and Shaun Magher , starring Jay Sutherland and John Thomson On March 2013 it was released exclusively on Xbox Live , becoming the first feature film to be distributed via a games console platform .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbaa10f8d636fc5e6bef0152b9d8660a", "text": "Priceless (2016 film) Priceless ( known also as Priceless : She 's Worth Fighting For ) is a 2016 American romantic drama film about human trafficking , inspired by true events . It is directed by Ben Smallbone and produced by Steve Barnett with a screenplay by Chris Dowling and Tyler Poelle . Starring singer Joel Smallbone , Bianca Santos , Amber Midthunder , Jim Parrack , and David Koechner , it tells the story of a man who has his life changed when meets two girls , which falls in love with one and starts to protect them from evil forces in the country with bad purposes . The film is being distributed by Roadside Attractions and it was released on October 14 , 2016 to generally positive reviews from critics and audience .", "title": "" } ]	fever
66b1bfbd2292b0947cac637587d63349	Odin was known in Old Saxon as Wōdan.	[ { "docid": "6c2d9ab0a9388565a04291ffa4f564d4", "text": "Odin In Germanic mythology , Odin ( from Old Norse Óðinn ) is a widely revered god . In Norse mythology , from which stems most of the information about the god , Odin is associated with healing , death , royalty , the gallows , knowledge , battle , sorcery , poetry , frenzy , and the runic alphabet , and is the husband of the goddess Frigg . In wider Germanic mythology and paganism , Odin was known in Old English as Wōden , in Old Saxon as Wōdan , and in Old High German as Wuotan or Wōtan , all stemming from the reconstructed Proto-Germanic theonym wōđanaz . Odin is a prominently mentioned god throughout the recorded history of the Germanic peoples , from the Roman occupation of regions of Germania through the tribal expansions of the Migration Period and the Viking Age . In the modern period , Odin continued to be acknowledged in the rural folklore of Germanic Europe . References to Odin appear in place names throughout regions historically inhabited by the ancient Germanic peoples , and the day of the week Wednesday bears his name in many Germanic languages , including English . In Anglo-Saxon England , Odin held a particular place as a euhemerized ancestral figure among royalty , and he is frequently referred to as a founding figure among various other Germanic peoples , including the Langobards . Forms of his name appear frequently throughout the Germanic record , though narratives regarding Odin are mainly found in Old Norse works recorded in Iceland , primarily around the 13th century . These texts make up the bulk of modern understanding of Norse mythology . In Old Norse texts , Odin is depicted as one-eyed and long-bearded , frequently wielding a spear named Gungnir , and wearing a cloak and a broad hat . He is often accompanied by his animal companions -- the wolves Geri and Freki and the ravens Huginn and Muninn , who bring him information from all over Midgard -- and rides the flying , eight-legged steed Sleipnir across the sky and into the underworld . Odin is attested as having many sons , most famously the gods Thor ( with Jörð ) and Baldr ( with Frigg ) , and is known by hundreds of names . In these texts , he frequently seeks greater knowledge , at times in disguise ( most famously by obtaining the Mead of Poetry ) , makes wagers with his wife Frigg over the outcome of exploits , and takes part in both the creation of the world by way of slaying the primordial being Ymir and the gift of life to the first two humans Ask and Embla . Odin has a particular association with Yule , and mankind 's knowledge of both the runes and poetry is also attributed to him . In Old Norse texts , Odin is given primacy over female beings associated with the battlefield -- the valkyries -- and oversees Valhalla , where he receives half of those who die in battle , the einherjar . The other half are chosen by the goddess Freyja for her afterlife location , Fólkvangr . Odin consults the disembodied , herb-embalmed head of the wise being Mímir for advice , and during the foretold events of Ragnarök , Odin is told to lead the einherjar into battle before being consumed by the monstrous wolf Fenrir . In later folklore , Odin appears as a leader of the Wild Hunt , a ghostly procession of the dead through the winter sky . He has also been associated with charms and other forms of magic , particularly in Old English and Old Norse texts . Odin has been a frequent subject of study in Germanic studies , and numerous theories have been put forward regarding his development . Some of these focus on Odin 's particular relation to other figures ; for example , the fact that Freyja 's husband Óðr appears to be something of an etymological doublet of the god , whereas Odin 's wife Frigg is in many ways similar to Freyja , and that Odin has a particular relation to the figure of Loki . Other approaches focus on Odin 's place in the historical record , a frequent question being whether the figure of Odin derives from Proto-Indo-European religion , or whether he developed later in Germanic society . In the modern period , Odin has inspired numerous works of poetry , music , and other forms of media . He is venerated in most forms of the new religious movement Heathenry , together with other gods venerated by the ancient Germanic peoples ; some branches focus particularly on him .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1bc7fbefc48531de84eb8c3930732e8f", "text": "Battle of the Holme The Battle of the Holme took place in East Anglia on 13 December 902 between the Anglo-Saxon men of Kent and the East Anglian Danes . Its location is unknown but may have been Holme in Huntingdonshire ( now part of Cambridgeshire ) . Following the death of Alfred the Great in 899 , his son Edward the Elder became king , but his cousin Æthelwold , the son of Alfred 's elder brother , King Æthelred , claimed the throne . His bid was unsuccessful , and he fled to the Northumbrian Danes , who , according to one version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , accepted him as king . In 902 Æthelwold came with a fleet to Essex and the following year he persuaded the East Anglian Danes to attack Mercia and north Wessex . Edward retaliated by ravaging East Anglia and the Danish army was forced to return to defend its own territory . Edward then retreated , but the men of Kent disobeyed the order to retire , and they met the Danes at the battle of the Holme . The course of the battle is unknown , but the Danes appear to have won as according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle they `` kept the place of slaughter '' . However , they suffered heavy losses including Æthelwold , Eohric , probably the Danish king of East Anglia , Brihtsige , son of the ætheling Beornoth , and two holds , Ysopa and Oscetel . The battle thus ended Æthelwold 's Revolt . Kentish losses included Sigehelm , father of Edward the Elder 's third wife , Eadgifu of Kent . The West Saxon chronicler who gave the fullest account of the battle was at pains to explain why Edward and the rest of the English were not present , as if this had been a subject of criticism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0da1b85495ef97419cd7e95f22a1c043", "text": "Bałwan Bałwan pl , balvan / балван sr ( literally wood block ) or balvan ky -- today , literally indistinguishable from everyday word for snowman , is an ancient word common to all Slavic languages , describing a statuesque or monolithic depiction or a pillar or a plinth depicting or erected in honor of a deity . This object was worshipped , or constituted a tangible representation of a cult image . The Western Slavs transcribed and pronounced the word as bałwan ( in American English pronounced : BOW as in the phrase bow-wow and von as in Stratford-Upon-Avon , with the accent on the penultimate ( in this case , the first ) syllable , as is the typical stress ) , which is its contemporary and old Polish lexical manifestation , whereas the Southern Slavs and the Eastern Slavs used the just slightly differently-voweled bołwan ( English pronunciation : BOH-van ) . The word itself has Sanskrit origins , where it figures as bala ( the force ) appended witth the suffix - van signifying possession of an attribute , thus etymologically bałwan means strong , powerful , mighty . In the Kyrgyz language of Central Asia , geographically remote from the territories Slavs are today identified with in Europe , balvan is a `` strongman '' or a hero , whereas in Persian , pahlevān denotes a militant or a veteran , as well as the plinth or boundary marker erected in his or her honor , or even a cairn , and , by extension , a fool . That latter meaning , at first secondary , became primary after Christianity was imposed on the Slavs , making bałwan acquire a distinctly pejorative primary meaning . Some suggest that the Slavs share throughout their idioms such as they have evolved apart this single entity -- a common term for all cult objects in the form of a statue or cairn -- might suggest that idolatry spread early among the Slavic peoples , perhaps when they came in contact with Turkic peoples or Iranian . A word with similar etymology is the Slavic word for God ( when capitalized ) or deity , bóg , a cognate of Sanskrit `` bhaga '' / Iranian or Persian bag . In India the concept of a deity or god is often relayed with the word bhagvan , variously transcribed as bhagwan . A derived term from bałwan is the Slavic word for idolatry : bałwochwalstwo '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3cd21922b8130b04ca28289fe232c44", "text": "Old English literature Old English literature or Anglo-Saxon literature , encompasses literature written in Old English , in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman Conquest of 1066 . `` Cædmon 's Hymn '' , composed in the 7th century , according to Bede , is often considered the oldest extant poem in English , whereas the later poem , The Grave is one of the final poems written in Old English , and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English . The Peterborough Chronicle can also be considered a late-period text , continuing into the 12th century . The poem Beowulf , which often begins the traditional canon of English literature , is the most famous work of Old English literature . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has also proven significant for historical study , preserving a chronology of early English history . In descending order of quantity , Old English literature consists of : sermons and saints ' lives ; biblical translations ; translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers ; Anglo-Saxon chronicles and narrative history works ; laws , wills and other legal works ; practical works on grammar , medicine , geography ; and poetry . In all there are over 400 surviving manuscripts from the period , of which about 189 are considered `` major '' . Besides Old English literature , Anglo-Saxons wrote a number of Anglo-Latin works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc578d80839745a3a77a9fafcbd79d2b", "text": "Finnish mythology Finnish mythology is a commonly applied description of the folklore of Finnish paganism , of which a modern revival is practiced by a small percentage of the Finnish people . It has many features shared with fellow Finnic Estonian mythology and its non-Finnic neighbours , the Balts and the Scandinavians . Some of their myths are also distantly related to the myths of other Finno-Ugric speakers like the Samis . Finnish mythology survived within an oral tradition of mythical poem-singing and folklore well into the 19th century . Although the gradual influence of surrounding cultures raised the significance of the sky-god in a monolatristic manner , the father god `` Ukko '' ( Old Man ) was originally just a nature spirit like all the others . Of the animals , the most sacred was the bear , whose real name was never uttered out loud , lest his kind be unfavorable to the hunting . The bear ( `` karhu '' in Finnish ) was seen as the embodiment of the forefathers , and for this reason it was called by many circumlocutions : mesikämmen ( `` mead-paw '' ) , otso ( `` browed one '' ) , kontio ( `` dweller of the land '' ) , metsän kultaomena ( `` the golden apple of the forest '' ) but not a god .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af88fde5e8b51a700701198ef5758d28", "text": "Anglo-Saxon weaponry Many different weapons were created and used in Anglo-Saxon England between the fifth and eleventh centuries . Spears were the most common weapon , and were used for piercing and throwing ( in which case the spear would be called a javelin ) . Other commonplace weapons included the sword , axe , and knife -- bows and arrows , as well as slings , were not frequently used by the Anglo-Saxons . For defensive purposes , the shield was the most common item used by warriors , although mail and helmets were sometimes used . Weapons also had symbolic value for the Anglo-Saxons , apparently having strong connections to gender and social status . Weapons were commonly included as grave goods in the early Anglo-Saxon burials . The vast majority of these weapons were buried in male graves , but there were some exceptions . In a non-funerary context , weapons were occasionally deposited in the ground or near rivers . However , the establishment of a literate Christian clergy in Anglo-Saxon England resulted in the production of several textual sources which describe weapons and their usage in battle . Some of these literary sources include the poems Beowulf and The Battle of Maldon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd9741053ab27fc3483e01106ca0607e", "text": "Hygelac Hygelac ( Hygelāc Hugleikr Hugilaikaz Ch ( l ) ochilaicus died 521 ) was a king of the Geats according to the poem Beowulf . It is Hygelac 's presence in the poem which has allowed scholars to tentatively date the setting of the poem as well as to infer that it contains at least some points of historical fact . Beowulf gives Hygelac 's genealogy : according to the poem , he was the son of Hrethel and had two brothers Herebeald and Hæþcyn , as well as an unnamed sister who was married to Ecgtheow and mother of the hero Beowulf . Hygelac was married to Hygd , and they had a son Heardred and an unnamed daughter who married Eofor . When Hygelac 's brother Hæþcyn was fighting with the Swedes , Hygelac arrived at Hrefnesholt one day too late to save his brother Hæþcyn , but he managed to rescue the surviving Geatish warriors , who were besieged by the Swedish king Ongentheow and his three sons . The Swedes found refuge at a hill fort but were assaulted by the Geats . In the battle , the Swedish king was slain by Eofor . After the death of his brother Herebeald , Hygelac ascended the Geatish throne . After he was killed during a raid on Frisia , Hygelac was succeeded by Heardred , according to Beowulf . The raid to Frisia enabled N. F. S. Grundtvig to approximate the date of Hygelac 's death to ca 516 , because a raid to France under a King Chlochilaicus , king of the Danes , is mentioned by Gregory of Tours . In that source he is recorded as invading the Frankish Kingdoms during the reign of Theodericus I ( died 534 ) , the son of Clovis ( `` Chlodovechius '' ) , the king of the Franks in the early sixth century , and was killed in the ensuing chaos after the Scandinavian raiders were caught by the sudden appearance of a military response force led by Theodebertus , the son of Theodocius . Gregory of Tours calls this king Chlochilaicus Danish . He is called the king of Getae ( rex Getarum ) in the Liber Monstrorum and king of the Goths ( rege Gotorum ) in Liber historiae Francorum . After cutting the Geatish danger , the rest of the survivors took to sea in such disordered haste that they left their dead on the field , including their king . The Franks must have taken back whatever had been taken in pillage as well as spoils of the battlefield ; and it is reported by Gregory that they found the Scandinavian monarch 's corpse so awe-inspiring due his extraordinary height -- which is implied by his name , perhaps a sobriquet like Longshanks ( Edward I ) and not his real one -- that as a pagan barbarian not entitled to burial , his remains were exposed for a long time in the nearest Merovingian Court as a curiosity , following the usual triumphal trophy exhibition customary after battle or pirate captures . There are two theories on how the account of Chlochilaicus ' raid came to be preserved in the epic Beowulf , and they have a bearing upon the date assigned to the poem . It may date to the early 8th century , but some have suggested that it was composed as late as the 10th century , the date of the sole surviving manuscript . One view considers the account to have kept alive by the oral tradition of heroic poetry until it was included in the epos . It has also been suggested that the poem is dependent on Liber historiae Francorum ( 727 ) , because it mentions the Attoarii , which in Beowulf become Hetware . One scholar considers it to be inconceivable that independent oral tradition would have faithfully transmitted such a detail . Walter Goffart estimated that Beowulf could not have been written with these historical details before 923 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2931ee13479c3de9d179ccef8e37689", "text": "Odin from Lejre Odin from Lejre is a small cast silver figurine from approximately 900 C.E. , depicting an individual on a throne wearing a floor-length dress , an apron , four bead necklaces , a neck ring , a cloak and a rim-less hat . Two birds are seated on the armrests and the back of the throne features the heads of two animals . The figurine has inlay of black niello ( black coloured alloy ) and some gilding . The figure measures 18 mm in height and weights 9 grams . The figurine was found by local amateur archaeologist Tommy Olesen on September 2 , 2009 , during the Roskilde Museum excavations of a small village at Gammel Lejre ( `` Old Lejre '' ) near the modern town of Lejre , Denmark . The figurine was unveiled at the Roskilde Museum on November 13 , 2009 , and is now part of the permanent exhibition . The identity of the figure depicted has been the subject of some dispute . The excavator interpreted it as the god Odin sitting on his throne Hliðskjálf , from which he sees into all the worlds . The birds would be the ravens Huginn and Muninn , who gathered information for Odin . The beast-heads might symbolise Odin 's two wolves , Geri and Freki . However , some scholars specialising in Viking Age dress and gender representation have pointed out that the person is dressed entirely in female attire , resulting in theories that the figure may in fact represent either the goddesses Frigg or Freyja . Parallels have been pointed to between `` Odin from Lejre '' and a silver figure often identified as Freyja found in Aska , Sweden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a19bd49845d676d93685bad9a5052718", "text": "Rædwald of East Anglia Rædwald ( Rædwald -LSB- - angrædwɑɫd -RSB- , ` power in counsel ' ) , also written as Raedwald or Redwald , was a 7th-century king of East Anglia , a long-lived Anglo-Saxon kingdom which included the present-day English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk . He was the son of Tytila of East Anglia and a member of the Wuffingas dynasty ( named after his grandfather , Wuffa ) , who were the first kings of the East Angles . Details about Rædwald 's reign are scarce , primarily because the Viking invasions of the 9th century destroyed the monasteries in East Anglia where many documents would have been kept . Rædwald reigned from about 599 until his death around 624 , initially under the overlordship of Æthelberht of Kent . In 616 , as a result of fighting the Battle of the River Idle and defeating Æthelfrith of Northumbria , he was able to install Edwin , who was acquiescent to his authority , as the new king of Northumbria . During the battle , both Æthelfrith and Rædwald 's son Rægenhere were killed . From around 616 , Rædwald was the most powerful of the English kings south of the River Humber . According to Bede he was the fourth ruler to hold imperium over other southern Anglo-Saxon kingdoms : he was referred to in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , written centuries after his death , as a bretwalda ( an Old English term meaning ` Britain-ruler ' or ` wide-ruler ' ) . He was the first king of the East Angles to become a Christian , converting at Æthelberht 's court some time before 605 , whilst at the same time maintaining a pagan temple . In receiving the faith he helped to ensure the survival of Christianity in East Anglia during the apostasy of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Essex and Kent . He is generally considered by historians to be the most favoured candidate for the occupant of the Sutton Hoo ship-burial , although other theories have been advanced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62d7afce27dbfe49441ec9a22110d5b7", "text": "Æthelhelm (disambiguation) Æthelhelm , also Aethelhelm or Ethelhelm , is an Old English personal name . It may refer to : Æthelhelm , son of King Æthelred of Wessex Æthelhelm , d. 897 , ealdorman of Wiltshire and possibly father of Ælfflaed , second wife of Edward the Elder Æthelhelm , a nobleman in whose household Oda , the future Archbishop of Canterbury ( died 958 ) ; had been active before becoming bishop of Ramsbury Athelm ( died 926 ) or Æthelhelm , first bishop of Wells and later Archbishop of Canterbury", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119e40bb698c090151a5e9db81c822a4", "text": "Mögþrasir In Norse mythology , Mögþrasir ( Old Norse , possibly meaning `` the one who is striving for sons '' ) is a jötunn who is solely attested in stanza 49 of the poem Vafþrúðnismál from the Poetic Edda .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82c2fa6706360438ca6fd3c2e979e0a0", "text": "Vinotonus Vinotonus is a god from Celtic Mythology of which little is known . Only seven altars dedicated to Vinotonus have been found , all of which are on the Yorkshire Moors . As is common in Celtic Mythology , it is possible that Vinotonus was a local deity of Yorkshire . His name may mean `` God of the Vines '' , and it is estimated that he may have been worshipped from BCE until about 5th century CE . Romans found Vinotonus to be equivalent to Silvanus and that he was a wilderness god . It was common for the Romans to assign local deities of the Celts the names of popular Roman gods . Silvanus is also equated with the Celtic god Callirius , of whom little is known as well , and with the god Nodens . It is possible that many local nature deities of the Celts were grouped under the name of Silvanus to the Romans , as is the case with Vinotonus . David Rankine & Sorita D'Este , The Isles of the Many Gods : An A-Z of the Pagan Gods & Goddesses Worshipped in Ancient Britain During the First Millennium CE through to the Middle Ages , BM Avalonia 2007 Category : Celtic mythology", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1edcddc587ec0b1a2ca862c3788cb2bd", "text": "Gerðr In Norse mythology , Gerðr ( Old Norse `` fenced-in '' ) is a jötunn , goddess , and the wife of the god Freyr . Gerðr is attested in the Poetic Edda , compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ; the Prose Edda and Heimskringla , written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ; and in the poetry of skalds . Gerðr is sometimes modernly anglicized as Gerd or Gerth . In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda , Freyr sees Gerðr from a distance , becomes deeply lovesick at the sight of her shimmering beauty , and has his servant Skírnir go to Jötunheimr ( where Gerðr and her father Gymir reside ) to gain her love . In the Poetic Edda Gerðr initially refuses , yet after a series of threats by Skírnir she finally agrees . In the Prose Edda , no mention of threats are made . In both sources , Gerðr agrees to meet Freyr at a fixed time at the location of Barri and , after Skírnir returns with Gerðr 's response , Freyr laments that the meeting could not occur sooner . In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda , Gerðr is described as the daughter of Gymir and the jötunn Aurboða . In Heimskringla , Gerðr is recorded as the wife of Freyr , euhemerized as having been a beloved king of Sweden . In the same source , the couple are the founders of the Yngling dynasty and produced a son , Fjölnir , who rose to kinghood after Freyr 's passing and continued their line . Gerðr is commonly theorized to be a goddess associated with the earth . Gerðr inspired works of art and literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a42134de201de057fd73aa439d441b6c", "text": "Öpir Öpir or Öper ( Old Norse : Øpiʀ / Œpir , meaning `` shouter '' ) was a runemaster who flourished during the late 11th century and early 12th century in Uppland , Sweden . He was the most productive of all the old runemasters and his art is classified as being in the highly refined Urnes style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25a94645000bf0085a1e4f9ab846b8d3", "text": "Wayland the Smith In Norse mythology , Wayland the Smith ( Wēland ; Wiolant Wēlandaz variously Galan and Galand in French ; from * Wēla-nandaz , lit . `` battle-brave '' ) is a legendary master blacksmith , described by Jessie Weston as `` the weird and malicious craftsman , Weyland '' . In Old Norse sources , Völundr appears in Völundarkviða , a poem in the Poetic Edda , and in Þiðrekssaga , and his legend is also depicted on Ardre image stone VIII . In Old English sources , he appears in Deor , Waldere and in Beowulf and the legend is depicted on the Franks Casket . He is mentioned in the German poems about Theoderic the Great as the Father of Witige .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43ea326f0fa1a30a9c23962ecad2db2a", "text": "Haglaz * Haglaz or * Hagalaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the h-rune , meaning `` hail '' ( the precipitation ) . In the Anglo-Saxon futhorc , it is continued as hægl and in the Younger Futhark as hagall The corresponding Gothic letter is ð · h , named ha The Elder Futhark letter has two variants , single-barred and double-barred . The double-barred variant is found in continental inscriptions while Scandinavian inscriptions have exclusively the single-barred variant . The Anglo-Frisian futhorc in early inscriptions has the Scandinavian single-barred variant . From the 7th century , it is replaced by the continental double-barred variant , the first known instances being found on a Harlingen solidus ( ca , . 575 -- 625 ) , and in the Christogram on St. Cuthbert 's coffin . Haglaz is recorded in all three rune poems : -RCB- Hagall er kaldastr korna ; Kristr skóp hæimenn forna . \| Hail is the coldest of grain ; Christ created the world of old . \| - \| Old Icelandic Hagall er kaldakorn ok krapadrífa ok snáka sótt . \| Hail is cold grain and shower of sleet and sickness of serpents . \| - \| Anglo-Saxon Hægl byþ hwitust corna ; hwyrft hit of heofones lyfte , wealcaþ hit windes scura ; weorþeþ hit to wætere syððan . \| Hail is the whitest of grain ; it is whirled from the vault of heaven and is tossed about by gusts of wind and then it melts into water . \| -RCB-", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffdb137ddef160f8a1b0a93564abbb2e", "text": "Waldrada Waldrada ( also Vuldetrada ) ( 531572 ) , widow ( firstly ) of Theudebald , King of Austrasia ( ruled 548 -- 555 ) , reputed mistress ( secondly ) of Chlothar I , King of the Franks ( ruled until 561 ) , was the daughter of Wacho , King of the Lombards ( ruled ca. 510 -- 539 ) and his second wife called Austrigusa or Ostrogotha , a Gepid . The Origo Gentis Langobardorum names `` Wisigarda ... secundæ Walderada '' as the two daughters of Wacho and his second wife , specifying that Waldrada married `` Scusuald regis Francorum '' and later `` Garipald '' . The Historia Langobardorum names `` Waldrada '' as Wacho 's second daughter by his second wife , specifying that she married `` Chusubald rex Francorum '' . Paulus Diaconus names `` Wisigarda ... -LSB- et -RSB- secunda Walderada '' as the two daughters of King Wacho & his second wife , specifying that Walderada married `` Cusupald alio regi Francorum '' and later `` Garipald '' . Gregory of Tours names Vuldetrada as the wife of King Theodebald . Herimannus names `` Wanderadam '' wife of `` Theodpaldus rex Francorum '' when recording her second marriage to `` Lotharius rex patris eius Theodeberti patruus '' . According to Gregory of Tours , King Clotaire `` began to have intercourse '' with the widow of King Theodebald , before `` the bishops complained and he handed her over to Garivald Duke of Bavaria '' , which apparently implies that King Clotaire did not marry Waldrada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd5cd563fdec35f16d8779fe9873137f", "text": "Hild Hild or Hildr may refer to : Hildr , a common noun meaning `` battle '' in the Old Norse language . Hildr or Hild is one of the Valkyries in Norse mythology , a personification of battle Hild or Hilda of Whitby is a Christian saint who was a British abbess and nun in the Middle Ages Hild ( Oh My Goddess ! ) , the ultimate Demon in Hell known as the Daimakaichō in the Oh My Goddess ! series Hild ( novel ) , a 2013 novel about Hilda of Whitby by Nicola Griffith", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f2026551d17c4c789485e02f9bc59af", "text": "Gamla Uppsala Gamla Uppsala ( -LSB- ² ɡamːla ² ɵpːsɑːla -RSB- , Old Uppsala ) is a parish and a village outside Uppsala in Sweden . It had 17,973 inhabitants in 2016 . As early as the 3rd century AD and the 4th century AD and onwards , it was an important religious , economic and political centre . Early written sources show that already during pre-history , Gamla Uppsala was well known in Northern Europe as the residence of the Swedish kings of the legendary Yngling dynasty . In fact , the oldest Scandinavian sources , such as Ynglingatal , the Westrogothic law and the Gutasaga talk of the King of Sweden as the `` King at Uppsala '' . During the Middle Ages , it was the largest village of Uppland , the eastern part of which probably originally formed the core of the complex of properties belonging to the Swedish Crown , the so-called Uppsala öd , of which the western part consisted of the royal estate itself , kungsgården . It was also the location of the Thing of all Swedes which was a thing ( general assembly ) held from pre-historic times to the Middle Ages , at the end of February or early March . It was held in conjunction with a great fair called Disting , and a Norse religious celebration called Dísablót . The Law of Uppland informs us that it was at this assembly that the king proclaimed that the leidang would be summoned for warfare during the summer , and all the crews , rowers , commanders and ships were decided . It was not only the Norse cultic centre , it also became Sweden 's archbishopric in 1164 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "114316816df49dd13fe0860ec538a2fc", "text": "Olloudius Olloudius is a widely venerated Celtic god , known from locations as far apart as Custom Shrubs in Gloucestershire and Ollioules in southern Gaul . The only existing image was found at the Cotswold site . The male figure is rendered in native style , with a small head and a large , elongated body , carrying a patera or offering plate and a double cornucopia and is dedicated to '' Mars Olloudius '' . The god carries no military attributes , however , and he wears a cap and cloak rather than armour . Hence , Mars Olloudius belongs to important group of Celtic deities who adopted the name of Mars but were peaceful protectors , healers , and fertility spirits . The double horn of plenty stresses the prosperity function of the god among the Dobunni of Gloucestershire . Another image was found at the same site , quite clearly the work of the same craftsman : on this second depiction Mars is represented with shield , spear , and sword , but again the cornucopia is present , this time indicating the hybrid nature of the god : in this peaceful region , the warrior is not combative in the true sense of the word , but instead plays the role of guardian against disease , barrenness , and other evils .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10af9e9e43fbd8f69c6bda8a82bafaa3", "text": "Siward, Earl of Northumbria Siward or Sigurd ( -LSB- ˈsuːwərd -RSB- or more recently -LSB- ˈsiːwərd -RSB- Old English : Sigeweard ) was an important earl of 11th-century northern England . The Old Norse nickname Digri and its Latin translation Grossus ( `` the stout '' ) are given to him by near-contemporary texts . Siward was probably of Scandinavian origin , perhaps a relative of Earl Ulf , and emerged as a powerful regional strongman in England during the reign of Cnut ( `` Canute the Great '' , 1016 -- 1035 ) . Cnut was a Scandinavian ruler who conquered England in the 1010s , and Siward was one of the many Scandinavians who came to England in the aftermath of that conquest . Siward subsequently rose to become sub-ruler of most of northern England . From 1033 at the latest Siward was in control of southern Northumbria , that is , present-day Yorkshire , governing as earl on Cnut 's behalf . He entrenched his position in northern England by marrying Ælfflæd , the daughter of Ealdred , Earl of Bamburgh . After killing Ealdred 's successor Eadulf in 1041 , Siward gained control of all Northumbria . He exerted his power in support of Cnut 's successors , kings Harthacnut and Edward , assisting them with vital military aid and counsel . He probably gained control of the middle shires of Northampton and Huntingdon by the 1050s , and there is some evidence that he spread Northumbrian control into Cumberland . In the early 1050s Earl Siward turned against the Scottish ruler Mac Bethad mac Findlaích ( `` Macbeth '' ) . Despite the death of his son Osbjorn , Siward defeated Mac Bethad in battle in 1054 . More than half a millennium later the Scotland adventure earned him a place in William Shakespeare 's Macbeth . Siward died in 1055 , leaving one son , Waltheof , who would eventually succeed to Northumbria . St Olave 's church in York and nearby Heslington Hill are associated with Siward .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f13684f9efdf67a3eaa9a14772c659f0	Iran is a sovereign state that still has a large influence.	[ { "docid": "f4e8f16a35a4c54856a3e06dfc0b6e90", "text": "Iran Iran ( ɪ , also ɪ ) , formerly known as Persia , is a sovereign state in Western Asia . It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia , the de facto Republic of Artsakh and Azerbaijan ; to the north by the Caspian Sea ; to the northeast by Turkmenistan ; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan ; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman ; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Comprising a land area of 1648195 km2 , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world . Officially with 79.93 million inhabitants ( Nov 2016 ) , Iran is the world 's 18th-most-populous country . It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline . The country 's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , make it of great geostrategic importance . Iran has diverse landscapes and geographical conditions . Tehran is the country 's capital and largest city , as well as its leading economic and cultural center . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the 4th millennium BC . The area was first unified and dominated by the Iranian Medes in the 7th century BC . Iran reached its greatest extent during the Achaemenid Empire ( First Persian Empire ) founded by Cyrus the Great in 6th century BC , the largest empire the world had yet seen , stretching from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley . Persia fell to Alexander the Great in 4th century BC , but reemerged shortly after as the Parthian Empire . Under the Sassanians , Persia became a leading world power for the next four centuries . In 7th century AD , Arabs conquered Persia and largely displaced the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with the new religion of Islam . Iranians became major contributors to the Islamic Golden Age that followed , producing many influential scientists , scholars , artists and thinkers . After two centuries , a period of various Iranian dynasties began , although these dynasties were later conquered by Turks and then the Mongols . An Iranian national identity was always reasserted however , developing a distinct cultural entity . The rise of the Safavids in 15th century led to the establishment of Twelver Shia Islam as the official religion , marking a turning point in Muslim history . In the 18th century , Iran arguably possessed briefly the most powerful military at the time under Nader Shah . Conflicts with the Russian Empire in 19th century led to significant territorial losses . Popular unrest culminated in the Persian Constitutional Revolution , which established a constitutional monarchy and the country 's first legislative body , the Majles . Following a coup d'état instigated by the UK and the US in 1953 , Iran gradually became closely aligned with the West and grew increasingly autocratic . Growing dissent against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic , a political system which combines elements of a parliamentary democracy with a theocracy governed by Islamic jurists under the concept of a `` Supreme Leadership '' . According to international observers , the current Iranian government is oppressive , with human rights abuses commonplace . A multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups , most inhabitants of Iran are Shia Muslims and Persian is the official language . The largest ethnic groups in Iran are the Persians , Azeris , Kurds and Lurs . Iran is a founding member of the UN , ECO , NAM , OIC , and OPEC . Iran is a major regional and middle power , and its large reserves of fossil fuels -- which include the largest natural gas supply in the world and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves -- exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy . Iran 's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 21 UNESCO World Heritage Sites , the third-largest number in Asia and 11th-largest in the world .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5edf052b37f0e0281290e11b5c1917e6", "text": "Politics of France The politics of France take place with the framework of a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French Fifth Republic . The nation declares itself to be an `` indivisible , secular , democratic , and social Republic '' . The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France 's `` attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789 . '' The political system of France consists of an executive branch , a legislative branch , and a judicial branch . Executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government . The Government consists of the Prime Minister and ministers . The Prime Minister is appointed by the President , and is responsible to Parliament . The government , including the Prime Minister , can be revoked by the National Assembly , the lower house of Parliament , through a `` censure motion '' ; this ensures that the Prime Minister is always supported by a majority of the lower house ( which , on most topics , has prominence over the upper house ) . Parliament comprises the National Assembly and the Senate . It passes statutes and votes on the budget ; it controls the action of the executive through formal questioning on the floor of the houses of Parliament and by establishing commissions of inquiry . The constitutionality of the statutes is checked by the Constitutional Council , members of which are appointed by the President of the Republic , the President of the National Assembly , and the President of the Senate . Former presidents of the Republic also are members of the Council . The independent judiciary is based upon civil law system which evolved from the Napoleonic codes . It is divided into the judicial branch ( dealing with civil law and criminal law ) and the administrative branch ( dealing with appeals against executive decisions ) , each with their own independent supreme court of appeal : the Court of Cassation for the judicial courts and the Conseil d'Etat for the administrative courts . The French government includes various bodies that check abuses of power and independent agencies . France is a unitary state . However , its administrative subdivisions -- regions , departments and communes -- have various legal functions , and the national government is prohibited from intruding into their normal operations . France was a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community , later the European Union . As such , France has transferred part of its sovereignty to European institutions , as provided by its constitution . The French government therefore has to abide by European treaties , directives and regulations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "738ee5177f2bf6378d53fd54c2d5c505", "text": "Geography of Iran Geographically , Iran is located in West Asia and borders the Caspian Sea , Persian Gulf , and Gulf of Oman . Its mountains have helped to shape both the political and the economic history of the country for several centuries . The mountains enclose several broad basins , on which major agricultural and urban settlements are located . Until the 20th century , when major highways and railroads were constructed through the mountains to connect the population centers , these basins tended to be relatively isolated from one another . Typically , one major town dominated each basin , and there were complex economic relationships between the town and the hundreds of villages that surrounded it . In the higher elevations of the mountains rimming the basins , tribally organized groups practiced transhumance , moving with their herds of sheep and goats between traditionally established summer and winter pastures . There are no major river systems in the country , and historically transportation was by means of caravans that followed routes traversing gaps and passes in the mountains . The mountains also impeded easy access to the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea . With an area of 1648000 km2 , Iran ranks eighteenth in size among the countries of the world . Iran shares its northern borders with three post-Soviet states : Armenia , Azerbaijan , and Turkmenistan . These borders extend for more than 2000 km , including nearly 650 km of water along the southern shore of the Caspian Sea . Iran 's western borders are with Turkey in the north and Iraq in the south , terminating at the Arvand Rud . The Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman littorals form the entire 1770 km southern border . To the east lie Afghanistan on the north and Pakistan on the far south . Iran 's diagonal distance from Azerbaijan in the northwest to Sistan and Baluchestan Province in the southeast is approximately 2333 km .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e951211f20a5442d1a24383d503c41", "text": "Name of Iran In the Western world , Persia ( or one of its cognates ) was historically the common name for Iran . In 1935 , Reza Shah asked foreign delegates to use the term Iran , the historical name of the country , used by its native people , in formal correspondence . Iran literally means ' `` Land of Aryans '' in Persian language . Since then , in the Western World , the use of the word `` Iran '' has become more common . This also changed the usage of the terms for Iranian nationality , and the common adjective for citizens of Iran changed from Persian to Iranian . In 1959 , the government of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , Reza Shah Pahlavi 's son , announced that both `` Persia '' and `` Iran '' could officially be used interchangeably .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfbb0b4e293fba172e9fa02802dd94f5", "text": "Islamic Azad University of Shiraz The Islamic Azad University , Shiraz Branch is a private university located in Shiraz , Iran . It is a part of private chain of universities in Iran called the Islamic Azad Universities . The Islamic Azad University of Shiraz with over 290 faculty and academic staff , 82,000 square meters of educational space , 7,500 square meters of administration space , 15,200 square meters of sporting space , is the biggest private university in the southern region of Iran . The headquarters of the Islamic Azad University is in Tehran , Iran . The Islamic Azad University was founded in 1982 and currently has an enrollment of 1.7 million students , 30,000 Alumni and 35,000 Administrators making it the world 's third largest . Over 3.5 million students have graduated from the Islamic Azad University since its establishment . Islamic Azad University has a total area of 16 million square meters and over 440 branches across Iran and also in other countries around the world . It has also international branches and universities in the U.A.E , United Kingdom , Tanzania , Lebanon , Afghanistan and Armenia and has plans to establish more branch campuses in Malaysia , Canada , and Tajikistan in the near future . Over the years , the university has accumulated assets estimated to be worth between $ 20 and $ 25 billion . The total Area of the University is said to be 20 million square meters . Some 4 million students have graduated from this university to this date , which has made it possible for a lot of people to get access to higher educations and better employment prospects . In the recent years a lot of effort has been made to expand the graduate studies at the Islamic Azad University . The Islamic Azad University has about 200,000 Master 's Degree students and about 20,000 PhD level students . The university system also operates a news agency similar to ANA , named `` Azad News Agency '' . Islamic Azad University 's activities quickly expanded throughout the country , so that today thousands of students are enrolling every year . Not relying on government funding , it receives charitable donations and charges tuition fees . The Islamic Azad University also operates some 617 schools throughout the country , these schools are known as SAMA . The degrees and certificates issued by this university are recognized by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education . Post-graduate degrees have been offered in many different branches of Islamic Azad University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fc6d4adfd3688e8b5b8e6c2a8b1ebbb", "text": "Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution The Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution ( -LSB- جمعیت ایثارگران انقلاب اسلامی , Jam ` iyat-e Isargaran-e Enqelab-e Eslami -RSB- ) is a conservative Iranian political party . It is informally referred to as the Isargaran , a word which connotes altruism in Persian and is associated with other political movements . Many members of the party are veterans of the Iran-Iraq War . It is one of the most powerful and least discussed movements in Iran . Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was a founding member of the party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68565af946b0b8279ccc7d77f2e5f794", "text": "Monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a group , usually a family called the dynasty , embodies the country 's national identity and one of its members , called the monarch , exercises a role of sovereignty . The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic ( crowned republic ) , to partial and restricted ( constitutional monarchy ) , to completely autocratic ( absolute monarchy ) . Traditionally and in most cases , the monarch 's post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication , but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected . Each of these has variations : in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are , whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion , age , gender , mental capacity , etc. . Occasionally this might create a situation of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election . Finally , there have been cases where the term of a monarch 's reign is either fixed in years or continues until certain goals are achieved : an invasion being repulsed , for instance . Thus there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy . Monarchy was the most common form of government until the 19th century , but it is no longer prevalent . Where it exists , it is now usually a constitutional monarchy , in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role , but exercises limited or no official political power : under the written or unwritten constitution , others have governing authority . Currently , 47 sovereign nations in the world have monarchs acting as heads of state , 19 of which are Commonwealth realms that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state . All European monarchies are constitutional ones , with the exception of the Vatican City which is an elective monarchy , but sovereigns in the smaller states exercise greater political influence than in the larger . The monarchs of Cambodia , Japan , and Malaysia `` reign , but do not rule '' although there is considerable variation in the degree of authority they wield . Although they reign under constitutions , the monarchs of Brunei , Morocco , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and Swaziland appear to continue to exercise more political influence than any other single source of authority in their nations , either by constitutional mandate or by tradition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a784efe4bc0ae5012c70ac50cff8e9f8", "text": "Foreign policy A country 's foreign policy , also called foreign relations or foreign affairs - policy , consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve goals within its international relations milieu . The approaches are strategically employed to interact with other countries . The study of such strategies is called foreign policy analysis . In recent times , due to the deepening level of globalization and transnational activities , the states will also have to interact with non-state actors . The aforementioned interaction is evaluated and monitored in attempts to maximize benefits of multilateral international cooperation . Since the national interests are paramount , foreign policies are designed by the government through high-level decision making processes . National interests accomplishment can occur as a result of peaceful cooperation with other nations , or through exploitation . Usually , creating foreign policy is the job of the head of government and the foreign minister ( or equivalent ) . In some countries the legislature also has considerable effects . Foreign policies of countries have varying rates of change and scopes of intent , which can be affected by factors that change the perceived national interests or even affect the stability of the country itself . The foreign policy of one country can have profound and lasting impact on many other countries and on the course of international relations as a whole , such as the Monroe Doctrine conflicting with the mercantilist policies of 19th-century European countries and the goals of independence of newly formed Central American and South American countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0e10f096b81bf8ee26543aa3f4614ba", "text": "Alcohol in Iran Alcohol in Iran is prohibited for the majority of its citizens , due to laws against consumption of alcohol by Iranian Muslims who make up the great majority of the country . Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979 , strict laws against alcohol were enacted , and alcohol consumption is regulated under the Islamic legal term of hudud , `` crimes against God '' . Despite complete prohibition for Muslim citizens , there is still widespread alcohol use across Iran . Alcohol is the second most popular drug in Iran , after opiates . Non-Muslim citizens are granted a limited permission to produce alcohol for consumption within their community . This exemption , however , also leads to a attitude towards them ( especially Armenians ) as alcohol dealers , and a segment of black market alcohol in Iran comes through the minority community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91f0be8262ffd88cb208a58cb7cdcdcb", "text": "Iran–United Kingdom relations Iran -- United Kingdom relations are the bilateral relations between the countries of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Islamic Republic of Iran . Iran , which was known as Persia before 1935 , has had political relations with England since the late Ilkhanate period ( 13th century ) when King Edward I of England sent Geoffrey of Langley to the Ilkhanid court to seek an alliance . Diplomatic relations between the two countries have considerably deteriorated in recent years , following the re-election of President Ahmadinejad . On 28 November 2011 Iran downgraded its relations with Britain due to new sanctions put in place by the UK . The next day a band of students and Basiji attacked the UK embassy compound in Tehran , damaging property and driving the embassy staff away . On 30 November 2011 , in response to the attack , the UK closed its embassy in Tehran and ordered the Iranian embassy in London closed . According to a 2013 BBC World Service poll , only 5 % of British people view Iran 's influence positively , with 84 % expressing a negative view . According to a 2012 Pew Global Attitudes Survey , 16 % of British people viewed Iran favorably , compared to 68 % which viewed it unfavorably ; 91 % of British people oppose Iranian acquisition of nuclear weapons and 79 % approve of `` tougher sanctions '' on Iran , while 51 % of British people support use of military force to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons . From July 2012 until October 2013 , British interests in Iran were maintained by the Swedish embassy in Tehran while Iranian interests in the United Kingdom were maintained by the Omani embassy in London . On July 2013 , it is announced that the UK would consider opening better relations with Iran `` step-by-step '' following the election of President Hassan Rouhani . On October 8 , 2013 , Britain and Iran announced that they would each appoint a chargé d'affaires to work toward resuming full diplomatic relations . On February 20 , 2014 the Iranian Embassy in London was restored and the two countries agreed to restart diplomatic relations . On August 23 , 2015 the embassy was officially reopened .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "323bfbf88970457b361cb1ee22f1d80a", "text": "Middle East nuclear weapon free zone The Middle East nuclear weapon free zone ( MENWFZ ) is a proposed agreement similar to other nuclear-weapon-free zones in other regions . Steps towards the establishment of such a zone began in the 1960s led to a joint declaration by Egypt and Iran in 1974 which resulted in a General Assembly resolution ( broadened in 1990 through the Mubarak Initiative to cover all weapons of mass destruction ) . Following the 1995 NPT Review Conference , the International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) held a series of meetings involving experts and academics to consider ways to advance this process . Such a zone would strengthen the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) , would help to promote global nuclear disarmament and would also help the Middle East peace process as substantial confidence-building measures . The United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 ( the ceasefire ending the Gulf War ) recognizes the goal of establishing the MENWFZ ( para 14 ) . For the Egyptian government ( until the political changes of 2011 ) , a MENWFZ was seen as a central source of pressure on Israel to relinquish its ambiguous nuclear policy , and to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) . Until the Iranian nuclear program , Israel was believed to be the only Mideast country to have a nuclear deterrence capability , developed in the 1960s . As Avner Cohen , Gerald Steinberg and other experts have noted , Israeli policy has emphasized the link between nuclear demilitarization and a comprehensive peace settlement including Palestinian issues and with countries and potential threats in the region , including Syria and Iran . Israel maintains a veil of `` studied ambiguity '' ( `` amimut '' ) about its nuclear arsenal , and has not signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty . Four countries in the Middle East have been found in non-compliance with their IAEA safeguards obligations under the NPT : Iraq , Libya , Iran , and Syria . Of these cases , Iran and Syria remain unresolved . Following pressure from Egypt and the Arab League , the 2010 NPT Review Conference called for holding a conference on a MENWFZ which would primarily press Israel to end its policy of a ambiguity . Finland planned to host such an event in 2012 . However , no agreement was reached on the agenda and other issues , and the conference was called off in November 2012 . An international group of concerned citizens , including former members of the Israeli Knesset , responded to the lack of progress in official talks by organizing an International Conference For A WMD-Free Middle East . It was held in Haifa in December 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1098ab29a6f9e23395b15aeba037b3f1", "text": "Iranian Principlists Principlists , or Iranian Conservatives , are one of two main political camps inside post-revolutionary Iran , the other being Reformists . Within Iranian politics , a principlist refers to the conservative supporters of the Supreme Leader of Iran and advocates for protecting the ideological principles of the Islamic Revolution 's early days . A declaration issued by The Two Societies , which serves as the Principlists `` manifesto '' , focuses on loyalty to Islam and the Iranian Revolution , obedience to the Supreme Leader of Iran , and devotion to the principle of Vilayat Faqih . The Principlists currently dominate the Islamic Consultative Assembly , the Assembly of Experts and several City Councils , as well as non-elective institutions such as the Guardian Council .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca10264e9595c776a10ea8aad685bbc3", "text": "City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City . A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states . Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5cd0267fc002bab5f0ae7e52d650b2d", "text": "Iran–United Arab Emirates relations Relations between the neighboring countries of Iran and the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) are deeply historic , dating back centuries prior to the establishment of the modern-day United Arab Emirates . They maintain diplomatic relations , with embassies in each other countries , and have close economic ties . There is a significant community of Iranians in the United Arab Emirates , mostly residing in the emirate of Dubai . An Arabic-speaking native community lives in the southern provinces of Iran , some of whose members share historical ties with the southern shores of the Persian Gulf .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bfe5998cde3e66271d1527fd56c6433", "text": "Mohammad Khatami's reforms Mohammad Khatami was elected as the President of Iran in 1997 after having based his campaign on a reform program promising implementation of a democratic and more tolerant society , the rule of law and improvement of social rights . After taking office , Khatami faced fierce opposition from his powerful opponents within the unelected institutions of the state which he had no legal power over , and this led to repeated clashes between his government and these institutions ( including the Guardian Council , the state radio and television , the police , the armed forces , the judiciary , the prisons , etc. ) . After 8 years of presidency , he is widely considered to have lost the power struggle with his opponents . Many of his supporters have grown disillusioned with him and the reform programs that he was associated with .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a95accdba4e305e751240f499a2fc88d", "text": "Achaemenid Assyria Athura ( ð ð ° ð cents ð 1/4 ð Aθurā ) , also called Assyria Babylonia , was a geographical area within the Persian Achaemenid Empire held by the last nobility of Aššur ( Akkadian ) , known as Athura ( Neo-Aramaic ) or Atouria ( Greek ) , during the period of 539 BC to 330 BC as a military protectorate state of Persia under the rule of Cyrus the Great . Although sometimes regarded as a satrapy , Achaemenid royal inscriptions list it as a dahyu , a concept generally interpreted as meaning either a group of people or both a country and its people , without any administrati It mostly incorporated the original Assyrian kingdom , corresponding with modern northern Iraq in the upper Tigris , the middle and upper Euphrates , modern-day north eastern Syria ( Eber-Nari ) and part of south-east Anatolia ( modern Turkey ) . The Neo-Assyrian Empire collapsed after a period of violent civil wars , followed by an invasion by a coalition of some of its former subject peoples , the Iranian peoples ( Medes , Persians and Scythians ) , Babylonians and Cimmerians in the late 7th century BC , culminating in the Battle of Nineveh , and Assyria had fallen completely by 605 BC . Between 605 and 559 BC , Assyria was divided between the Median Empire to the east and the Neo-Babylonian Empire to the west . Both parts were subsumed into the Achaemenid Empire in 539 BC , and it has been argued that they constituted the satrapies of Media and Athura , respectively . In Herodotus ' account the Ninth Tributary District comprised `` Babylonia and the rest of Assyria '' , and excluded Eber-Nari . Despite a few rebellions , Assyria functioned as an important part of the Achaemenid Empire . The Assyrian people were given the right to govern themselves throughout Achaemenid rule , and the Assyrian ( Aramaic ) language was used diplomatically by the Persians . Known for their combat skills , Assyrian soldiers ( along with the Lydians ) constituted the main heavy infantry of the Achaemenid empire 's military . Due to the major destruction of Assyria during the fall of its empire , some early scholars described the area as an `` uninhabited wasteland . '' Other Assyriologists , however , such as John Curtis and Simo Parpola , have strongly disputed this claim , citing how Assyria would eventually become one of the wealthiest regions among the Achaemenid Empire . This wealth was due to the land 's great prosperity for agriculture that the Persians used effectively for almost 200 years . In contrast to the policy of the Assyrian Empire , the Achaemenid Persians did not intervene in the internal affairs of their ruling satrapies as long as they continued the flow of tribute and taxes back to Persia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d84bc26a91b9341d4636f901aad88538", "text": "Religious traditionalism in Iran Traditionalism is one of the three basic types of Islam in Iran : traditionalism ( traditional humanism ) , modernism , and a variety of forms of revivalism usually brought together as fundamentalism . Until two hundred years ago , in spite of the many schools and interpretations , many Muslims in Iran lived within the tradition . It was a living tradition , emphasizing the harmony of law , art , and all forms of knowledge . Also a significant Iranian scholar followed the tradition of Persian sufism and pluralism . Currently in Iran there exist three main types of Islam : traditionalists ( represented by Hossein Nasr and Yousef Sanei ) , modernists ( represented by Abdolkarim Soroush ) and different groups under the conservative umbrella ( represented by Ruhollah Khomeini , Ali Khamenei , Mohammad-Taghi Bahjat , Naser Makarem Shirazi , Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi and Hossein Noori Hamedani ) . Iranian Islam differs from the mainstream Sunni Islam and may be better understood by studying the Shia history in Arabia and Iran . Some groups of conservatives and Traditionals humanists have tendencies toward mystical spiritualism and some of them are less political ( or apolitcal ) . In traditional schools , traditional astronomy and geometry are discussed as well as philosophy , Sufism and ethics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79becf9f89b2e088010484b34d7b9ba9", "text": "Iranian Reformists The Iranian reformists ( -LSB- اصلاح طلبان , Eslâh-Talabân -RSB- ) are a political faction in Iran that support former President Mohammad Khatami 's plans to change the Iranian political system to include more freedom and democracy . Iran 's `` reform era '' is sometimes said to have lasted from 1997 to 2005 -- the length of Khatami 's two terms in office . The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front is the main umbrella organization and coalition within the movement ; however , there are reformist groups not aligned with the council , such as the Reformists Front .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50f3db336a2dabbc05483d1742818c24", "text": "History of Afghanistan The written history of Afghanistan , ( تاریخ افغانستان د افغانستان تاريخ can be traced back to around 500 BCE when the area was under the Achaemenid Empire , although evidence indicates that an advanced degree of urbanized culture has existed in the land since between 3000 and 2000 BCE . The Indus Valley Civilisation stretched up to large parts of Afghanistan in the north , with several sites being known . Alexander the Great and his Macedonian army arrived at what is now Afghanistan in 330 BCE after conquering Persia during the Battle of Gaugamela . Since then , many empires have established capitals inside Afghanistan , including the Greco-Bactrians , Mauryas , Kushans , Hindu Shahi , Saffarids , Samanids , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , Timurids , Mughals , Hotakis and Durranis . Afghanistan ( meaning `` land of the Afghans '' ) has been a strategically important location throughout history . The land served as `` a gateway to India , impinging on the ancient Silk Road , which carried trade from the Mediterranean to China '' . Sitting on many trade and migration routes , Afghanistan may be called the ` Central Asian roundabout ' since routes converge from the Middle East , from the Indus Valley through the passes over the Hindu Kush , from the Far East via the Tarim Basin , and from the adjacent Eurasian Steppe . The archaeological manifestation of the Indo-Iranians ( Aryans ) before their split into separate language groups is generally seen as the Andronovo culture to the north of present-day Afghanistan . The Iranian languages were developed by one branch of these people ; the Pashto language spoken today in Afghanistan is one of the Eastern Iranian languages . Elena E. Kuz ` mina argues that the tents of Iranian-speaking nomads of Afghanistan developed from the light surface houses of the Eurasian steppe belt in the Bronze Age . The Arab invasions influenced the culture of Afghanistan , and its pre-Islamic period of Zoroastrian , Macedonian , Buddhist and Hindu past has long vanished . Turkic empire-builders such as the Ghaznavids and Timurids made the region now called Afghanistan of major importance . Mirwais Hotak followed by Ahmad Shah Durrani unified Afghan tribes and founded the last Afghan Empire in the early 18th century CE . Afghanistan 's sovereignty has been held during the Anglo-Afghan Wars , the 1980s Soviet war , and the 2001-present war by the country 's many and diverse people : the Pashtuns , Tajiks , Hazaras , Uzbeks , Turkmen , Aimak , Baloch and others . The Pashtuns form the largest group , claiming to be descendants of ancient Israelites or Qais Abdur Rashid but scholars believe that they are a confederation of various peoples from the past who united under Pashtunwali .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7881e09c99080d9bb9a3e1014fd48dfd", "text": "Reza Shah Reza Shah Pahlavi ( رضا شاه پهلوی -LSB- reˈzɑː ˈʃɑːhe pæhlæˈviː -RSB- ; 15 March 1878 -- 26 July 1944 ) , was the Shah of Iran ( Persia ) from 15 December 1925 until he was forced to abdicate by the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran on 16 September 1941 . Four years after conducting a coup against the pro-British government , the 1921 Persian coup d'état , in 1923 Reza Pahlavi was selected as Iran 's prime minister by the National assembly of Iran . In 1925 Rezā Pahlavi was appointed as the legal monarch of Iran by decision of Iran 's constituent assembly . The assembly deposed Ahmad Shah Qajar , the last Shah of the Qajar dynasty , and selected Reza Shah and Pahlavi dynasty instead , by amending the Iran 's 1906 constitution . Reza Shah was the first democratically elected monarch of Iran . He founded the Pahlavi dynasty . He established a constitutional monarchy that lasted until overthrown in 1979 during the Iranian Revolution . Reza Shah introduced many social , economic , and political reforms during his reign , ultimately laying the foundation of the modern Iranian state . His legacy remains controversial to this day . His defenders assert that he was an essential modernizing force for Iran ( whose international prominence had sharply declined during Qajar rule ) , while his detractors assert that his reign was often despotic , with his failure to modernize Iran 's large peasant population eventually sowing the seeds for the Iranian Revolution nearly four decades later . Moreover , his insistence on ethnic nationalism and cultural unitarism along with forced detribalization and sedentarization resulted in suppression of several ethnic and social groups . Similar to Atatürk 's policy of Turkification his government also carried out an extensive policy of Persianization trying to create a single , united and largely homogeneous nation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0515d2a4cfba8ec7b930ac92a0700677", "text": "Tehran Bureau Tehran Bureau is an online news magazine covering politics , foreign affairs , culture and society in Iran and the Iranian Diaspora . It was founded by Iranian-born journalist Kelly Golnoush Niknejad in February 2008 , initially as a blog . In May 2009 , it was launched as a virtual news bureau , featuring a growing list of regular contributors and journalists knowledgeable about Iran and Iranian affairs . Tehran Bureau combines aspects of traditional journalism and new media , using trusted online social networks to complement conventional coverage . Starting out as an independent news organization , Tehran Bureau had no affiliation with and received no funding or support from any government , religious , or interest group . However in September 2009 it began a collaboration with the Public Broadcasting Service television series `` Frontline '' which will provide it with financing , host its Web site and provide editorial support . In return Tehran Bureau will help shape a coming `` Frontline '' program about Iran . The British news website The Guardian hosted Tehran Bureau for a while . In an article revealing the new arrangement , The Guardian assured that the magazine would `` retain its independence under Niknejad '' Its mission statement states , `` Tehran Bureau is a virtual bureau connecting journalists , Iran experts and readers all over the world . Our stories are written by Iranians in Iran and the Middle East , foreigners viewing or interacting with our culture for the first time , and hyphenated Iranians best suited to bridge the cultures . '' Among its contributing journalists Muhammad Sahimi , Jason Rezaian , Gareth Smyth and many others writing without a byline since the crackdown on journalists after the June 12 presidential election of 2009 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
58fc6afb2ab0c8e2e3da0e570f50c5ae	Valkyrie is set during a war.	[ { "docid": "684aae3ccec994f8619531a420a01985", "text": "Valkyrie (film) Valkyrie is a 2008 American-German historical thriller film set in Nazi Germany during World War II . The film depicts the 20 July plot in 1944 by German army officers to assassinate Adolf Hitler and to use the Operation Valkyrie national emergency plan to take control of the country . Valkyrie was directed by Bryan Singer for the American studio United Artists , and the film stars Tom Cruise as Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg , one of the key plotters . The cast included Kenneth Branagh , Bill Nighy , Eddie Izzard , Terence Stamp and Tom Wilkinson . Cruise 's casting caused controversy among German politicians and members of the von Stauffenberg family due to the actor 's practice of Scientology , which is viewed with suspicion in Germany . Because of this , the filmmakers initially had difficulty setting up filming locations in Germany , but they were later given access to film in locations , including Berlin 's historic Bendlerblock . German newspapers and filmmakers supported the film and its attempt to spread global awareness of von Stauffenberg 's plot . The film changed release dates several times , from as early as June 27 , 2008 , to as late as February 14 , 2009 . The changing calendar and poor response to United Artists ' initial marketing campaign drew criticism about the studio 's viability . After a positive test screening , Valkyries release in North America was ultimately changed to December 25 , 2008 . United Artists renewed its marketing campaign to reduce its focus on Cruise and to highlight Singer 's credentials . The film received mixed reviews in the United States and in Germany , where it opened commercially on January 22 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ece4c6837e22d26afb3ae689ec0a71e5", "text": "World War II World War II ( often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ) , also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 , although related conflicts began earlier . It involved the vast majority of the world 's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history , and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries . In a state of `` total war '' , the major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources . Marked by mass deaths of civilians , including the Holocaust ( in which approximately 11 million people were killed ) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres ( in which approximately one million were killed , and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ) , it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities . These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history . The Empire of Japan aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific and was already at war with the Republic of China in 1937 , but the world war is generally said to have begun on 1 September 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom . Supplied by the Soviet Union , from late 1939 to early 1941 , in a series of campaigns and treaties , Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe , and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan . Under the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939 , Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours , Poland , Finland , Romania and the Baltic states . The war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the coalition of the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth , with campaigns including the North Africa and East Africa campaigns , the aerial Battle of Britain , the Blitz bombing campaign , the Balkan Campaign as well as the long-running Battle of the Atlantic . On 22 June 1941 , the European Axis powers launched an invasion of the Soviet Union , opening the largest land theatre of war in history , which trapped the major part of the Axis ' military forces into a war of attrition . In December 1941 , Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean , and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific . The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway , near Hawaii , and Germany was defeated in North Africa and then , decisively , at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union . In 1943 , with a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front , the Allied invasion of Sicily and the Allied invasion of Italy which brought about Italian surrender , and Allied victories in the Pacific , the Axis lost the initiative and undertook strategic retreat on all fronts . In 1944 , the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France , while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies . During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma , while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key Western Pacific islands . The war in Europe concluded with an invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union , culminating in the capture of Berlin by Soviet troops and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945 . Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945 and the refusal of Japan to surrender under its terms , the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 August and 9 August respectively . With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent , the possibility of additional atomic bombings , and the Soviet Union 's declaration of war on Japan and invasion of Manchuria , Japan surrendered on 15 August 1945 . Thus ended the war in Asia , cementing the total victory of the Allies . World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world . The United Nations ( UN ) was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts . The victorious great powers -- the United States , the Soviet Union , China , the United Kingdom , and France -- became the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council . The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers , setting the stage for the Cold War , which lasted for the next 46 years . Meanwhile , the influence of European great powers waned , while the decolonisation of Asia and Africa began . Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery . Political integration , especially in Europe , emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities and to create a common identity .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c428c51deeabe3c820054249f8910650", "text": "Die Walküre Die Walküre ( The Valkyrie ) , WWV 86B , is a music drama in three acts by Richard Wagner with a German libretto by the composer . It is the second of the four works that form Wagner 's cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen ( The Ring of the Nibelung ) . The story of Die Walküre is based on the Norse mythology told in the Volsunga Saga and the Poetic Edda . In Norse mythology , a valkyrie is one in a group of female figures who decide which soldiers die in battle and which live . Die Walküre 's best-known excerpt is the `` Ride of the Valkyries '' . It received its premiere at the Königliches Hof - und National-Theater in Munich on 26 June 1870 . Wagner originally intended the work to be premiered as part of the entire cycle , but was forced to allow the performance at the insistence of his patron King Ludwig II of Bavaria . It was first presented as part of the complete cycle on 14 August 1876 at Wagner 's Bayreuth Festival . The work made its United States premiere at the Academy of Music in New York on 2 April 1877 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b25b6c7ad061b71724b5ad685f62fe67", "text": "Art and World War II War is a common theme in art and has inspired great works of art . Throughout history , most representations of war depict military achievements and often show significant battle scenes . However , in the 19th century a `` turn '' in the visual representation of war became noticeable . Artists started to show the disastrous aspects of war instead of its glorified events and protagonists . Such a perspective is best exemplified by Goya 's series , The Disasters of War ( 1810-1820 , first published in 1863 ) , and Otto Dix 's portfolio , Der Krieg ( published in 1924 ) . During World War II , both traditions are present . For instance , Paul Nash 's Battle of Britain ( 1941 ) represents a scene of aerial combat between British and German fighters over the English Channel . On the other hand , André Fougeron 's Street of Paris ( 1943 ) focuses on the impact of war and occupation on civilians . In connection to World War II , the relations between art and war can be articulated around two main issues . First , art ( and , more generally , culture ) found itself at the centre of an ideological war . Second , during World War II , many artists found themselves in the most difficult conditions ( in an occupied country , in internment camps , in death camps ) and their works are a testimony to a powerful `` urge to create '' . Such creative impulse can be interpreted as the expression of self-preservation , a survival instinct in critical times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "024474d41f073d010362ddc4ac097f50", "text": "What Makes a Battle What Makes a Battle was a propaganda short produced by the US Army Pictoral Service in 1944 . It documents the taking of the Marshall Islands while also encouraging increased war production . The film opens with the narrator asking `` What makes a battle ? '' while the camera is focusing on shipments of industrial transports , `` This is what it takes to make a battle . '' This statement sets up the dual nature of the entire film . War supplies are pouring in from every part of the country , from every type of American `` Republican and Democrat , white and colored . '' Industrial production is the backbone of war , according to the film , if it is destroyed , not made with quality , or not replaced in time , the battle can not happen . Then the film abruptly changes direction , and presents a summary of the American battle plan for taking the Marshalls , how the outer islands were bombed to fool the enemy , and how a sneak attack was planned against the inner islands . But this could n't happen until all the supplies were ready . When the invasion does begin there is fierce fighting on the main islands . `` The German would have surrendered , but not the Jap ... Out of a garrison of 6000 , 230 surrender . '' Much time is spent on the Japanese POWs , and the film goes to great lengths to show how well they are treated , especially in comparison to how the Japanese treated their POWs . Emphasis then turns again to materiel . Showing all the destroyed planes , artillery , and ammunition , all needing to be replaced by the American workforce . But at the very end , images of the dead and wounded American soldiers are shown . The narrator assures us they will never be forgotten .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced7acc37841b2536956946e80985c0d", "text": "Norsefire Norsefire is the fictional fascist political party ruling the United Kingdom in Alan Moore and David Lloyd 's V for Vendetta comic book series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1eb734bd5d2b1a2600ee60cbf8a45545", "text": "Myth: The Fallen Lords Myth : The Fallen Lords is a 1997 real-time tactics video game developed by Bungie for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS . Released in November 1997 in North America and in February 1998 in Europe , the game was published by Bungie in North America and by Eidos Interactive in Europe . At the time , Bungie was known primarily as developers of Mac games , and The Fallen Lords was the first game they had developed and released simultaneously for both PC and Mac . It is the first game in the Myth series , which also includes a sequel , Myth II : Soulblighter , set sixty years after the events of the first game , and also developed by Bungie , and a prequel , Myth III : The Wolf Age , set one thousand years prior to the events depicted in The Fallen Lords , and developed by MumboJumbo . The game tells the story of the battle between the forces of the `` Light '' and those of the `` Dark '' for control of an unnamed mythical land . The Dark are led by Balor and a group of lieutenants ( the titular Fallen Lords ) , whilst the Light are led by `` The Nine '' ; powerful sorcerers known as `` Avatara , '' chief amongst whom is Alric . The game begins in the seventeenth year of the war in the West , some fifty years since the rise of Balor , with the forces of Light on the brink of defeat ; almost the entire land is under the dominion of the Dark , with only one major city and a few smaller towns remaining under the control of the Light . The plot follows the activities of `` The Legion '' , an elite unit in the army of the Light , as they attempt to turn back the tide and defeat Balor . The Fallen Lords received positive reviews from critics , and is credited as a defining title in the fledging real-time tactics genre . Reviewers praised its plot , graphics , gameplay , level design , online multiplayer mode , and differentiation from traditional real-time strategy games . The most often criticized aspects were the difficulty of the single-player campaign , which many reviewers felt was far too high , even on the lowest setting , and some awkwardness in controlling units . The game went on to win multiple awards , including `` Strategy Game of the Year '' from both PC Gamer and Computer Gaming World , and `` Game of the Year '' from both Computer Games Strategy Plus and Macworld . It was also a commercial success , selling over 350,000 units worldwide across both systems , earning back roughly seven times its budget . At the time , it was Bungie 's most successful game , and served to bring them to the attention of PC gamers and , more specifically , Microsoft , who would purchase the company in 2000 . The Myth series as a whole , and Soulblighter in particular , supported an active online community for over a decade after the official servers went offline . The first formally organized group of volunteer-programmers was MythDevelopers , who were given access to the game 's source code by Bungie . The most recently active Myth development group is Project Magma , an offshoot of MythDevelopers . These groups have worked to provide ongoing technical support for the games , update them to newer operating systems , fix bugs , release unofficial patches , create mods , and maintain online servers for multiplayer gaming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b79bc5a7f2a5802ebb8e56243f58aaa0", "text": "HNoMS Valkyrien HNoMS Valkyrien , HNoMS Valkyrjen ( in Norwegian the prefix KNM is used ) has been the name of several ships in the Royal Norwegian Navy . Most of them have been in some way connected to the Royal Norwegian Navy 's torpedo boats . The name honours the valkyries of Norse mythology . It has also been said that the ships have been given this name in honour of all women . Some of the ships : The Dano-Norwegian gunship Valkyrien . Launched 10 March 1810 . Decommissioned in December 1814 . Gun schooner Valkyrjen launched 1808 and decommissioned from the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1839 . HNoMS Valkyrjen -- Launched 1896 . HNoMS Valkyrien ( 1953 ) -- Formerly known as the passenger ship SS Polarlys HNoMS Valkyrien ( 1965 ) -- Formerly known as HMCS Toronto and HNoMS Garm . HNoMS Valkyrien ( A535 ) -- The present support vessel for the Coastal Combat Flotilla . Category : Royal Norwegian Navy ship names", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44870e0244427789df79e1aff5cf3252", "text": "Hammer of the Gods (2009 film) Hammer of the Gods ( known as THOR : Hammer of the Gods ) is a 2009 made-for-TV film , directed by Todor `` Toshko '' Chapkanov and produced by Jeffery Beach and Phillip J. Roth for the Syfy channel . It tells the story of the thunder god Thor , after he defeated the Midgard Serpent and died , then was reincarnated into a mortal man . Thor , along with his two brothers and friends travel to a mysterious island at Midgard 's edge , seeking glory and fame . Upon arriving they encounter strange creatures and they start searching the island for answers . Meanwhile , Thor keeps seeing visions of a mighty warrior and a big hammer and Freyja tells him that his visions are clues . So they start searching for the hammer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a473021422b2575463dd05b9ed92551b", "text": "Foreign support of Finland in the Winter War The foreign support in the Winter War contained materiel , men and moral support to the Finnish struggle against the Soviet Union in the Winter War . World opinion at large supported the Finnish cause . The World War had not yet begun in earnest and was known to the public as the Phoney War ; at that time , the Winter War was the only real fighting in Europe besides the German and Soviet invasion of Poland , and thus held major world interest . The Soviet aggression was generally deemed unjustified . Various foreign organizations sent material aid , such as medical supplies . Finnish immigrants in the United States and Canada returned home , and many volunteers ( one of them future actor Christopher Lee ) traveled to Finland to join Finland 's forces : 8,700 Swedes , 1,010 Danes ( including Christian Frederik von Schalburg , a captain in Christian X of Denmark 's bodyguard and later commander of the Free Corps Denmark , a volunteer unit created by Nazi Germany in Denmark during World War II ) , about 1,000 Estonians , 725 Norwegians , 372 Ingrians , 366 Hungarians , 346 Finnish expatriates , more than 20 Latvians and 190 volunteers of other nationalities made it to Finland before the war was over . Pope Pius XII condemned the Soviet attack on 26 December 1939 , in a speech at the Vatican and later donated a signed and sealed prayer on behalf of Finland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd5cd563fdec35f16d8779fe9873137f", "text": "Hild Hild or Hildr may refer to : Hildr , a common noun meaning `` battle '' in the Old Norse language . Hildr or Hild is one of the Valkyries in Norse mythology , a personification of battle Hild or Hilda of Whitby is a Christian saint who was a British abbess and nun in the Middle Ages Hild ( Oh My Goddess ! ) , the ultimate Demon in Hell known as the Daimakaichō in the Oh My Goddess ! series Hild ( novel ) , a 2013 novel about Hilda of Whitby by Nicola Griffith", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ff8b3bae52ba71b67b81790d4fdfbf0", "text": "Estrella War Estrella War is an annual American medieval camping event held for over thirty years by the Society for Creative Anachronism -- a `` war '' mainly between two large regional SCA groups : the Kingdom of Atenveldt and the Kingdom of the Outlands . After Pennsic War , Estrella is one of the largest annual SCA events , with several thousand people attending each year , some from as far as Sweden , Germany , France , Italy , Greece , and Australia . Most Estrella wars are held near Phoenix Arizona in late February and lasts around 7 -- 9 days . The event centers on mainly pre-17th century history and culture with all campers dressing in medieval clothing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b85a17c27536b4ca6fd9b75460f3d87", "text": "Eurofighter Typhoon (video game) Eurofighter Typhoon is a combat flight simulator game modeling the jet fighter Eurofighter Typhoon . Digital Image Design was in process of developing the game when the company was bought by Rage Software . It was the successor to Total Air War . One of the game most interesting aspects is that it entitles you to take over the destiny of 6 pilots . Each one will be assigned different missions depending on their abilities - such as bombing , interception , Wild Weasel - several of these missions even going on at the same time . You are able to switch at any time between your pilots , taking charge of the most critical and dangerous tasks of the mission , and leaving up to the AI the others . As the war goes on , each pilot can be injured , lost behind enemy lines after an unlucky ejection and waiting for the rescue helicopters , or taken prisoner and even be interrogated by the Russians . The game also features a very extensive virtual battleground over Iceland , some of the most advanced created at the time . A dynamic camera enables you to watch the war in real-time - should it be Saab JAS 39 Gripen dogfighting with Sukhoi Su-27 , Boeing AH-64 Apache attacking tanks or Panavia Tornado going on bombing runs . As the war unfolds , news will be delivered by an online newspaper . The back story of the game posits Russia quickly invading the eastern countries of Europe . Iceland is the next one on the list , as NATO has abandoned the country in an attempt to protect the Western countries of Europe . The ICEFOR is outnumbered , but is able to deploy a small number of the new Typhoon aircraft . It is up to you to turn the tide of the war .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49caaf71351cb1164d8fea74ce3136a0", "text": "The Land Ironclads `` The Land Ironclads '' is a short story by H.G. Wells that originally appeared in the December 1903 issue of the Strand Magazine . It features `` land ironclads , '' 100 ft armoured fighting vehicles that carry riflemen , engineers , and a captain , and are armed with remote-controlled , semi-automatic rifles . ( The term `` ironclad '' was coined in the mid-19th century for steam-propelled warships protected by iron or steel armour plates . ) The land ironclads are described as `` essentially long , narrow , and very strong steel frameworks carrying the engines , and borne on eight pairs of big pedrail wheels , each about ten feet in diameter , each a driving wheel and set upon long axles free to swivel around a common axis ... . the captain ... had look-out points at small ports all round the upper edge of the adjustable skirt of twelve-inch ironplating which protected the whole affair , and ... could also raise or depress a conning-tower set above the port-holes through the center of the iron top cover . '' Riflemen are installed in cabins `` slung along the sides of and behind and before the great main framework , '' and operate mechanically targeting , semi-automatic rifles . The story contributed to Wells 's reputation as a `` prophet of the future '' when tanks first appeared on the battlefield in 1916 . For contemporaries , Wells 's rather sketchy battle between countrymen `` defenders '' ( who rely on cavalry and entrenched infantry ) and attacking townsmen carried echoes of the Boer War , as well as of his 1898 novel The War of the Worlds , which also featured a struggle between technologically uneven protagonists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a9cadf4cba5056bf0e1ea137b47fc5a", "text": "Guerrilla war in the Baltic states The Guerrilla war in the Baltic states or the Forest Brothers resistance movement was the armed struggle against Soviet rule that spanned from 1944 to the mid-1950s . After the occupation of the Baltic territories by the Soviets in 1944 , an insurgency started . According to some estimates , 10,000 partisans in Estonia , 10,000 partisans in Latvia and 30,000 partisans in Lithuania and many more supporters were involved . This war continued as an organised struggle until 1956 when the superiority of the Soviet military caused the native population to adopt other forms of resistance . While estimates related to the extent of partisan movement vary , but there seems to be a consensus among researchers that by international standards , the Baltic guerrilla movements were extensive . Proportionally , the partisan movement in the post-war Baltic states was of a similar size as the Viet Cong movement in South Vietnam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00a340d7c82dba989d983e0de5a92e34", "text": "The war to end war `` The war to end war '' ( sometimes called `` The war to end all wars '' ) was a term for the First World War of 1914 -- 1918 . Originally idealistic , it is now used mainly sardonically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebc72d874f1a71caa1a825e324e25f38", "text": "Thor In Norse mythology , Thor ( -LSB- θɔr -RSB- from Old Norse Þórr ) is a hammer-wielding god associated with thunder , lightning , storms , oak trees , strength , the protection of mankind , and also hallowing and fertility . The cognate deity in wider Germanic mythology and paganism was known in Old English as Þunor and in Old High German as Donar ( runic þonar ) , stemming from a Common Germanic * Þunraz ( meaning `` thunder '' ) . Ultimately stemming from Proto-Indo-European religion , Thor is a prominently mentioned god throughout the recorded history of the Germanic peoples , from the Roman occupation of regions of Germania , to the tribal expansions of the Migration Period , to his high popularity during the Viking Age , when , in the face of the process of the Christianization of Scandinavia , emblems of his hammer , Mjölnir , were worn and Norse pagan personal names containing the name of the god bear witness to his popularity . Into the modern period , Thor continued to be acknowledged in rural folklore throughout Germanic regions . Thor is frequently referred to in place names , the day of the week Thursday ( `` Thor 's day '' from Old English Thunresdæg , ` Thunor 's day ' ) bears his name , and names stemming from the pagan period containing his own continue to be used today . In Norse mythology , largely recorded in Iceland from traditional material stemming from Scandinavia , numerous tales and information about Thor are provided . In these sources , Thor bears at least fourteen names , is the husband of the golden-haired goddess Sif , is the lover of the jötunn Járnsaxa , and is generally described as fierce eyed , red haired and red bearded . With Sif , Thor fathered the goddess ( and possible valkyrie ) Þrúðr ; with Járnsaxa , he fathered Magni ; with a mother whose name is not recorded , he fathered Móði , and he is the stepfather of the god Ullr . The same sources list Thor as the son of the god Odin and the personified earth , Jörð , and by way of Odin , Thor has numerous brothers . Thor has two servants , Þjálfi and Röskva , rides in a cart or chariot pulled by two goats , Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr ( that he eats and resurrects ) , and is ascribed three dwellings ( Bilskirnir , Þrúðheimr , and Þrúðvangr ) . Thor wields the mountain-crushing hammer , Mjölnir , wears the belt Megingjörð and the iron gloves Járngreipr , and owns the staff Gríðarvölr . Thor 's exploits , including his relentless slaughter of his foes and fierce battles with the monstrous serpent Jörmungandr -- and their foretold mutual deaths during the events of Ragnarök -- are recorded throughout sources for Norse mythology . Thor has inspired numerous works of art and references to Thor appear in modern popular culture . Like other Germanic deities , veneration of Thor is revived in the modern period in Heathenry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2420cb5c775ce95294b50396e2eb44c", "text": "Human Voices Human Voices is a novel by British author Penelope Fitzgerald . It is set in World War II London during 1940 , from the Fall of France to the Battle of Britain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "148791f87259f42e80080ea8a09ceabe", "text": "The War Is Not Over `` The War Is Not Over '' was Latvia 's entry in the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest , performed in English by Valters & Kaža . The song is a gentle ballad with somewhat elliptical lyrics . The duo sings , `` The war is not over , everyone knows it/It 's just a reason to make us believe/That someone 's the loser , someone 's the winner '' , which can be interpreted as a call to their listeners not to believe what official sources say . Early recordings featured the lyrics `` That someone is loser , that someone is winner '' . These were replaced by the above line in deference to English grammar . The duo performed the song seated on stools with acoustic guitars . The final chorus , however , was performed standing up and using sign language to accompany the lyrics . As Latvia had not qualified for the finals at the 2004 Contest , the song was performed in the semi-finals . It was performed fifth , following Moldova 's Zdob şi Zdub with `` Boonika bate doba '' and preceding Monaco 's Lise Darly with `` Tout de moi '' . At the close of voting , it had received 85 points , placing 10th in a field of 25 and thus qualifying for the finals ( the top ten did so ) . In the finals , the song was performed twenty-third , following Estonia 's Vanilla Ninja representing Switzerland with `` Cool Vibes '' and preceding France 's Ortal with `` Chacun pense à soi '' . At the close of voting , it had received 153 points , placing 5th in a field of 24 , thus qualifying Latvia for the finals at their next Contest appearance . The song had received 12 points from Ireland , Lithuania and Moldova . It was succeeded as Latvian representative at the 2006 Contest by Cosmos with `` I Hear Your Heart '' . This song was later recorded by the Danish pop-group Michael Learns to Rock on their Eternity-album released in 2008 . Category : Eurovision songs of Latvia Category : Eurovision songs of 2005 Category :2005 songs", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb2ad1879a699c776ff95e4c7c928e42", "text": "Front (military) A military front or battlefront is a contested armed frontier between opposing forces . It can be a local or tactical front , or it can range to a theater . A typical front was the Western Front in France and Belgium in World War I. The term `` home front '' has been used to denote conditions in the civilian sector of a country at war , including those involved in the production of matériel . Both the Soviet and Polish Armies used the term `` front '' to mean an army group during the Polish-Soviet War and World War II . The equivalent of the term established in the header was the `` Theater of military operations '' . The term `` front line city '' was used by the Germans during their long retreat from Moscow/Stalingrad to refer to metropolitan centres that had become disputed by the two combatants . Designation of a city as such resulted in administrative changes ( largely the imposition of martial law ) . In the film Downfall , the term was briefly referenced . The term `` transferred to the front '' is often used by soldiers or personnel when their position has been changed from other activities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bac82c3b2038c2cd85aa818ea5402357", "text": "Hildur Hildur is one of several female given names derived from the name Hild formed from Old Norse hildr , meaning `` battle '' . Hild , a Nordic-German Bellona , was a Valkyrie who conveyed fallen warriors to Valhalla . Warfare was often called Hild 's Game . Hildur is rather exclusively used in Nordic counties , but the more recent variations with the same origin , Hilda and Hilde , are in wider use . The Swedish name day for Hildur and Hilda is 18 January .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "829dad31afe01d907adb5f39cccc2edd", "text": "Airpower Airpower or air power comprises the application of military strategy and strategic theory to the realm of aerial warfare . Airpower began with the advent of powered flight early in the 20th century . Airpower represents a `` complex operating environment that has been subjected to considerable debate '' . British doctrine defines airpower as `` the ability to project power from the air and space to influence the behaviour of people or the course of events . '' Airpower is a function of air supremacy and numbers . Roughly speaking , a combatant side that has 100 % or near 100 % control of the skies has air supremacy ; an advantage of some 70 -- 90 % would indicate air superiority . A 50/50 split is air parity ; lower than this , one side may be said to be air denied or air incapable . Because aeroplanes generally take off from designed airfields on missions typically involving some hours of cruising , the precise state of air superiority is fluid and less defined vis-a-vis land or sea warfare . For example , a contested airspace directly above a battlespace bristling with anti-aircraft weapons may be denied to the air forces of both sides . Further , the completely different situations of a technologically advanced airforce with one flight of high-tech planes ( air supremacy but low capacity ) or a low-tech force of massive numbers of low-tech planes ( e.g. , An-2 ) resulting in high capacity but low long-term survivability demonstrate that ` air power ' is multi-faceted and complex . Significant contributors to theorizing about air power have been Giulio Douhet , Billy Mitchell , John Boyd and John A. Warden III . At the start of World War I , opinions differed on the national air forces and the value of airships . Some early strategists/visionaries after World War I imagined that airpower alone would suffice to bring nations to their knees . The Bombing of Guernica was an early trial that revealed both capabilities and limitations . But yet another maxim , `` no war was ever won solely by airpower '' was challenged by the NATO victory in Kosovo . Airpower has been used to conduct lightning strategic strikes , to complement land offensives , to instill fear and lower morale similarly to a fleet in being , and to create broad-based destruction behind enemy lines . With airpower , supplies can be transported by cargo planes , providing a decisive edge in mobility . Military and civilian aircraft interact in a number of complex ways , including shootdowns of civilian planes , whether mistaken or not ; military escorts of civilian planes ; civilian planes being used for military transport , espionage , or other purposes ; and/or no-fly zones being enforced to punish or sanction a target nation . Airpower also relates to space power , although militarization of space remains regulated by international treaty . Developed nations have enjoyed a consistent advantage in airpower since the beginning of mechanized flight . Airpower has been wielded mostly decisively in the last hundred years by Nazi Germany , the United Kingdom , the United States , the Soviet Union , Japan , Italy , and France , with many client nations using aircraft developed by one or more of these nations . A mass technological base is considered necessary for the development of airpower .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a20f104fc84ae7f145c2d6278a220b05	There are efforts to prevent dementia.	[ { "docid": "99d959888b6801aac67894bf5ef83e41", "text": "Dementia Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is great enough to affect a person 's daily functioning . Other common symptoms include emotional problems , problems with language , and a decrease in motivation . A person 's consciousness is usually not affected . A dementia diagnosis requires a change from a person 's usual mental functioning and a greater decline than one would expect due to aging . These diseases also have a significant effect on a person 's caregivers . The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer 's disease , which makes up 50 % to 70 % of cases . Other common types include vascular dementia ( 25 % ) , Lewy body dementia ( 15 % ) , and frontotemporal dementia . Less common causes include normal pressure hydrocephalus , Parkinson 's disease , syphilis , and Creutzfeldt -- Jakob disease among others . More than one type of dementia may exist in the same person . A small proportion of cases run in families . In the DSM-5 , dementia was reclassified as a neurocognitive disorder , with various degrees of severity . Diagnosis is usually based on history of the illness and cognitive testing with medical imaging and blood work used to rule out other possible causes . The mini mental state examination is one commonly used cognitive test . Efforts to prevent dementia include trying to decrease risk factors such as high blood pressure , smoking , diabetes , and obesity . Screening the general population for the disorder is not recommended . There is no cure for dementia . Cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil are often used and may be beneficial in mild to moderate disorder . Overall benefit , however , may be minor . There are many measures that can improve the quality of life of people with dementia and their caregivers . Cognitive and behavioral interventions may be appropriate . Educating and providing emotional support to the caregiver is important . Exercise programs may be beneficial with respect to activities of daily living and potentially improve outcomes . Treatment of behavioral problems with antipsychotics is common but not usually recommended due to the little benefit and side effects , including an increased risk of death . Globally , dementia affected about 46 million people in 2015 . About 10 % of people develop the disorder at some point in their lives . It becomes more common with age . About 3 % of people between the ages of 65 -- 74 have dementia , 19 % between 75 and 84 and nearly half of those over 85 years of age . In 2013 dementia resulted in about 1.7 million deaths up from 0.8 million in 1990 . As more people are living longer , dementia is becoming more common in the population as a whole . For people of a specific age , however , it may be becoming less frequent , at least in the developed world , due to a decrease in risk factors . It is one of the most common causes of disability among the old . It is believed to result in economic costs of 604 billion USD a year . People with dementia are often physically or chemically restrained to a greater degree than necessary , raising issues of human rights . Social stigma against those affected is common .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1b732bd020a31d85d3432720cb93f645", "text": "Eco-sufficiency Eco-sufficiency requires a reduction of the level of production/consumption in those parts of the world with the highest standards of living beyond reducing the use of natural resources as well as waste and emissions per unit of production/consumption ( = decoupling/delinking ) . Given a very loose relation in rich countries between material wealth , GDP and human well-being , this might be possible even without reducing the latter , while , for example , increasing leisure and non-material activities for well-being . There are potentials to reduce substantially the use of natural resources without compromising human wealth . However , many studies show that economic growth `` eats up '' these gains at least partially : if the economy grows by 2 % per annum we need an increasing resource productivity by 4 % in order to achieve a 2 % reduction of the absolute resource use . While eco-efficiency aims to improve the effectiveness of material , energy , and land use , eco-sufficiency aims at reducing negative environmental consequences through a reduction of the demand for consumer goods . Eco-sufficiency is closely related to issues of quality of life and work-life balance . It can to some extent be achieved on the individual level , e.g. through energy savings , reduction of transport and change in diets ( less meat ) . However , it also requires a change in social frameworks , provided on the national or European level , including measures such as environmental taxes , environmental planning and new concepts of labour . Eco-sufficiency is largely associated with the idea of altruism -- the sober lifestyle adopted by its advocates is a manifestation of their concern for the well-being of future generations -- and thus to date is endorsed by only a small minority of members of industrialised societies . A wide spread of eco-sufficiency will only occur , if people find the new lifestyles sufficiently attractive . It needs to be shown that less material wealth can bring increased well-being or happiness to individuals and societies . For example , it has been shown that downsizing or relocating consumers can be motivated by purely selfish reasons such as improving one 's health , avoiding stress , the nostalgia for a `` good old time '' and so on . An important aspect here is related to the so-called work-and-spend cycle . If leisure and forms of work other than employment ( incl . self-employment ) , such as caring , do it yourself and community work gain relevance , income - and therefore consumption - would be reduced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab4fb19aac137f340ca4663363c2feae", "text": "Leading activity Leading activity is a concept used within the tradition of Cultural-Historical Activity Theory ( CHAT ) , to describe the activity , or cooperative human action , which plays the essential role in child development during a given developmental period . Although many activities may play a role in a child 's development at any given time , the leading activity is theorized to be the type of social interaction that is most beneficial in terms of producing major developmental accomplishments , and preparing the child for the next period of development . Through engaging in leading activities , a child develops a wide range of capabilities , including emotional connection with others , motivation to engage in more complex social activities , the creation of new cognitive abilities , and the restructuring of old ones ( Bodrova & Leong 2007 : 98 ) . The term `` leading activity '' was first used by Lev Vygotsky ( 1967 : 15-17 ) in describing sociodramatic play as the leading activity and source of development of preschoolers , but it was not systematically incorporated into Vygotsky 's theory of child development . Later , however , Alexei Leontiev and other `` neo-Vygotskians '' such as Alexander Zaporozhets and Daniel Elkonin ( Zaporozhets 1997 ; Zaporozhets & Elkonin 1971 ) made the concept a fundamental element of their activity theory of child development . The concept has now been extended to several stages or periods in human development . The notion of a leading activity is part of a broader theory of activity that attempts to integrate cognitive , motivational , and social aspects of development . Despite many detailed descriptive accounts of the developmental forms of memory , perception , and cognition in various phases of childhood ( e.g. Piaget 's work ) , often missing is an explanation for how or why the child develops these psychological processes ( Karpov 2003 : 138 ) . The exploration of leading activities seeks to illuminate these questions . Rather than biological maturation or stimulus-response learning , specific types of social activity are seen as generating human development . Because of its attention to causal dynamics , the neo-Vygotskian theory has been called `` the most comprehensive approach to the problem of determinants and mechanisms of child development ( Karpov 2003 : 138 ) . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e7a188945292039999b6cad2e783bd5", "text": "Music-specific disorders Neuroscientists have learned a lot about the role of the brain in numerous cognitive mechanisms by understanding corresponding disorders . Similarly , neuroscientists have come to learn a lot about music cognition by studying music-specific disorders . Even though music is most often viewed from a `` historical perspective rather than a biological one '' music has significantly gained the attention of neuroscientists all around the world . For many centuries music has been strongly associated with art and culture . The reason for this increased interest in music is because it `` provides a tool to study numerous aspects of neuroscience , from motor skill learning to emotion '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac0ed9d7ade1681b392a6d95b1721af2", "text": "Cognitive processing therapy Cognitive processing therapy ( CPT ) is a manualized therapy used by clinicians to help people recover from posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) and related conditions . It includes elements of cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) treatments . A typical 12-session run of CPT has proven effective in treating PTSD across a variety of populations , including combat veterans , sexual assault victims , and refugees . CPT can be provided in individual and group treatment formats . The theory behind CPT conceptualizes PTSD as a disorder of non-recovery , in which a sufferer 's beliefs about the causes and consequences of traumatic events produce strong negative emotions , which prevent accurate processing of the traumatic memory and the emotions resulting from the events . Because the emotions are often overwhelmingly negative and difficult to cope with , PTSD sufferers can block the natural recovery process by using avoidance of traumatic triggers as a strategy to function in day-to-day living . Unfortunately , this limits their opportunities to process the traumatic experience and gain a more adaptive understanding of it . CPT incorporates trauma-specific cognitive techniques to help individuals with PTSD more accurately appraise these `` stuck points '' and progress toward recovery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a739f5f8c79be400f0d81e47efe9a73b", "text": "Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development The Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development ( Synaction n. , or Synactive adj. -LSB- from the Greek syn `` together '' and the Latin actio `` action , '' resulting in : `` together in action '' -RSB- ) suggests that development of the human fetus , and later newborn , proceeds through the constant balancing of approach and avoidance behaviors , leading to : 1 ) a continuous interaction of the subsystems ( i.e. , Autonomic , Motor , State and Attention/Interaction , and Regulatory ) and their increasingly defined delineations within the organism , that is the infant , and 2 ) the organism 's interaction with the environment at large . This process is aimed at bringing about the increasingly well-defined species-unique developmental agenda . Figure 1 ( below ) , provides a graphic representation of the Synactive Theory of development , as applied to both fetal and newborn stages . It focuses upon the infant 's within-organism , four subsystems of functioning , and their continuous interaction with each other and with the environment across time ( i.e. , `` together in action , '' or synaction ) . The four subsystems include the : Autonomic Subsystem : Expressed in the pattern of respiration ( e.g. , fast , slow , pauses ) color changes ( e.g. , pink , pale , red ) , neurological indicators ( e.g. , seizures , tremulousness ) , and visceral or gut signals such as bowel movements , gagging , and hiccoughing ; Motor Subsystem : Observable through the tone , posture and movement patterns of the infant ; State and Attention/Interaction Subsystem : Expressed via : 1 ) the range of states available to the infant ( i.e. , deep sleep , light sleep , drowsy , alert , hyperalert , and cry ) , 2 ) how clearly it is to observably differentiate one state from the other , and 3 ) the patterns of transitions from one state to another ( e.g. , smooth well-differentiated state transitions versus abrupt unorganized state transitions ) . The attention/interaction system is set within this state continuum ( i.e. , from deep sleep to cry ) and represented by the infant 's ability to adjust the robustness and increasing refinement of an alert , attentive state . The infant uses this state to take in cognitive and social information from the environment as well as to bring forth and modify inputs from the surrounding world ; and Regulatory Subsystem : Behaviorally represented via the observable strategies the infant uses ( Self-Regulation ) in maintaining a balanced , relatively stable and relaxed state of subsystem of functioning or in returning to this a state of subsystem functioning if imbalance , or stress has occurred within the subsystems . An additional component of the regulatory subsystem is observable in the kind and amount of support offered by the caregiver ( e.g. , supporting a soft , tucked , flexed position of the infant 's arms and legs ) or by the environment ( e.g. , dimming the lights in the nursery ) . This Co-Regulation may be necessary to help the infant 's return to balance in situations when his/her own self-regulatory capacities are exceeded . Reproduced with permission from Als , H. Toward a synactive theory of development : Promise for the assessment of infant individuality . Infant Mental Health Journal . 1982 : ( 3 ) : 229-243 ; p. 234 . The graphic representation of the Synactive Theory above depicts the developing organism , that is , the infant , in constant interaction with the environment from within the womb to the newborn intensive care unit ( NICU ) , and the caregiving family 's support in the NICU , to the family in their home . Newborn infants are actively striving for their next steps in development , while depending upon `` good enough '' environments and care to assure progress along their developmental agenda . The Synactive Theory of Development continues to be instrumental in guiding clinicians ( e.g. , neonatologist , nurses , psychologists , developmental specialists , physical/occupational therapists , etc. ) and researchers in their understanding of the often very small steps in development that prematurely born and other high risk newborns attempt to accomplish ( which are major steps for their immature or injured brain ) . This theory gives professionals the framework and tools with which to identify the infant 's strengths , challenges and accomplishments . Such accomplishments may include breathing , sucking and swallowing in a coordinated sequence ; moving food down into and through the stomach and intestinal track instead of upwards , leading to reflux and vomiting ; looking at the caregiver and breathing at the same time , as well as many others . The Synactive Theory is the foundation of both : 1 ) the Assessment of Preterm Infants ' Behavior ( APIB ) , a standardized comprehensive newborn test , and 2 ) the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program ( NIDCAP ) , which is the care and intervention approach , that focuses on each infant 's behavioral cues ( e.g. , hand ( s ) to mouth , bracing with feet against a supporting surface ) in order to support the infant 's strengths and reduce the infant 's vulnerabilities . The infant 's family is viewed as the infant 's most important nurturer and is integrated in all care from the infant 's birth on throughout the infant 's hospitalization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7661b91b81bc02f83174372e1ca383d", "text": "Adherence management coaching Adherence management coaching ( AdM coaching ) is an evidence-based applied behavioral approach for significantly improving patient adherence and reducing unplanned hospital readmissions . It is based on the research and work of Bob Wright , Aubrey Daniels and BF Skinner . AdM coaches identify patients at high risk for readmission as a direct result of not following their discharge plan . Once identified , AdM Coaches work with these patients ( patient engagement ) to identify consequences ( consequence analysis ) with their plan of care that might result in non-adherence . Together , with their provider , AdM Coaches establish a patient centered adherence improvement plan ( AIP ) . The AIP is used to identify target behaviors , desired results ( clinical outcomes ) and reinforcers that support following their plan of care and developing adherent habits . Following hospital discharge , at-risk patients , and their families , are followed and coached by an AdM Coach for several months as the adherent replacement habits are developed and strengthened . Home and work environments are filled with cues of a lifetime of habits . While meeting with at-risk patients and their families , AdM coaches identify these cues and work with the family to replace them and reinforce healthier habits . All new behaviors , if not reinforced , will return to the life-style habits that contributed to hospitalization in the first place . Adherence management provides a coaching toolkit to be used in conjunction with Teachback , motivational interviewing , pill counting , biochemical measurements , pharmacy data-base of usage and Directly Observed Treatment Short course ( DOTS ) . Worldwide , half of all patients choose to not follow their plan of care . Current programs , like the teach-back method , focus on teaching all patients , just prior to their discharge , the new information they need to follow to once they go home . Motivational Interviewing takes more nurse educator time as together , with the patient , they attempt to identify and overcome areas of ambivalence concerning their disease process and plan of care . Other programs focus on alerting devices and pill-minders to aid patients in remembering to take their medications on time . At best , these `` cues '' or antecedents have had a marginal impact on improving adherence . The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has extended provider responsibility and accountability well beyond the front doors of clinics and hospitals . CMS , in responding to a hospital question concerning levels of responsibility following discharge , responded writing , `` Post discharge care is a joint responsibility . '' Punitive programs have been established within the Affordable Care Act of 2010 as a `` quality incentive '' to create change . Hospitals with readmitted patients , above an allowable range and within 30 days of discharge , lose a 4 % `` Quality Withhold '' . A significant number of these readmissions , because of a lack of post-discharge transitional care coordination and patient engagement , will be the result of non-adherence to their discharge plan . Punishing hospitals for patient non-adherence may have some effect on hospital behavior , but little or no impact on improving patient adherence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb338cef415fce471641b40c7957409d", "text": "Hypochondriasis Hypochondriasis , also known as hypochondria , health anxiety or illness anxiety disorder , refers to worry about having a serious illness . This debilitating condition is the result of an inaccurate perception of the condition of body or mind despite the absence of an actual medical condition . An individual suffering from hypochondriasis is known as a hypochondriac . Hypochondriacs become unduly alarmed about any physical or psychological symptoms they detect , no matter how minor the symptom may be , and are convinced that they have , or are about to be diagnosed with , a serious illness . Often , hypochondria persists even after a physician has evaluated a person and reassured them that their concerns about symptoms do not have an underlying medical basis or , if there is a medical illness , their concerns are far in excess of what is appropriate for the level of disease . Many hypochondriacs focus on a particular symptom as the catalyst of their worrying , such as gastro-intestinal problems , palpitations , or muscle fatigue . To qualify for the diagnosis of hypochondria the symptoms must have been experienced for at least 6 months . The DSM-IV-TR defines this disorder , `` Hypochondriasis '' , as a somatoform disorder and one study has shown it to affect about 3 % of the visitors to primary care settings . The newly published DSM-5 replaces the diagnosis of hypochondriasis with the diagnoses of `` somatic symptom disorder '' and `` illness anxiety disorder '' . Hypochondria is often characterized by fears that minor bodily or mental symptoms may indicate a serious illness , constant self-examination and self-diagnosis , and a preoccupation with one 's body . Many individuals with hypochondriasis express doubt and disbelief in the doctors ' diagnosis , and report that doctors ' reassurance about an absence of a serious medical condition is unconvincing , or short-lasting . Additionally , many hypochondriacs experience elevated blood pressure , stress , and anxiety in the presence of doctors or while occupying a medical facility , a condition known as `` white coat syndrome '' . Many hypochondriacs require constant reassurance , either from doctors , family , or friends , and the disorder can become a disabling torment for the individual with hypochondriasis , as well as his or her family and friends . Some hypochondriacal individuals completely avoid any reminder of illness , whereas others frequently visit medical facilities , sometimes obsessively . Some sufferers may never speak about it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de2013946e9a0982bb2d294a6fbe4334", "text": "Cardiovascular disease in China Cardiac disease in China is on the rise . Though incidences of heart disease have increased faster in the city than in the countryside , rural morbidity and mortality rates are now on the rise as well . Health statistics shows that the ischemic heart disease mortality rate in rural China has approximately doubled since 1988 . Unlike in developed countries , there is no preventive or primary health care system in place to stop the rise of cardiac disease . The real extent of heart disease in rural China is unknown because statistics are fraught with error and bias due to difficulties in ascertaining cause of death in places where 90 % die without seeing a doctor . Therefore , there is a need to ascertain the real incidence and prevalence of heart disease and to develop adequate preventive and primary care in the Chinese countryside .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48c94b685bce2d17425f3f5152a38e71", "text": "Microinfarct A microinfarct is a microscopic stroke less than 1 millimeter in size . Microinfarcts can be found in 25-50 % of all elderly deceased persons . Microinfarcts may be the second most important cause of dementia , after Alzheimer 's disease . Microinfarcts are microscopic lesions , of cellular death or tissue necrosis , which are a result of pathologies involving small vessels . Such pathologies are arteriosclerosis or cerebral amyloid angiopathy . Microinfarcts take longer to affect neuronal death progress , at up to 28 days , rather than hours . Microinfarcts can range in size from 0.2 to 2.9 mm . This ailment usually goes undetected in clinical-radiological , like structural MRI , studies and is known as a `` silent pathology '' . Depending on the size , large acute microinfarcts may be detected via a special imaging known as diffusion weighted imaging . Microinfarcts tend to occur at a high frequency , without specific regionalized locations . They are common in aging brains . This high frequency is thought to directly disrupt cognitive networks that are imperative to brain operation . Even though microinfarcts are usually undetectable , there is a general assessment of the cognitive status measured on a scale called the Clinical Dementia Rating ( CDR ) . This scale measures different parts of the brain such as diffuse white matter , periventricular myelination and cortical microinfarcts . Assessments of cortical microinfarcts have had the highest rates with being associated with cognitive degeneration . This lower cognition specifically affects perceptual speed and memory ( semantic and episodic ) . People with high frequency of this ailment tend to have greater chances of developing dementia . Although not many studies have been conducted and little is known between microinfarcts and other vascular or epidemiological risk factors , these brain lesions are thought to be masked by other pathologies . However , the common macroscopic infarct is not exhibited in 45 % of people tested for microinfarcts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0333d34489826b89951a0e1d13e37705", "text": "Ending Aging Ending Aging : The Rejuvenation Breakthroughs that Could Reverse Human Aging in Our Lifetime is a 2007 book written by Aubrey de Grey , a biomedical gerontologist , with his research assistant Michael Rae . Ending Aging describes de Grey 's proposal for eliminating aging as a cause of debilitation and death in humans , and restoring the body to an indefinitely youthful state , a project plan that he calls the `` Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence '' , or `` SENS '' . De Grey argues that defeating aging is feasible , possibly within a few decades , and he outlines steps that can be taken to hasten the development of regenerative medicine treatments that will save lives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8b54cfd6ab69f2fd509a8281ab05254", "text": "Parkinson's disease Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system . The symptoms generally come on slowly over time . Early in the disease , the most obvious are shaking , rigidity , slowness of movement , and difficulty with walking . Thinking and behavioral problems may also occur . Dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease . Depression and anxiety are also common occurring in more than a third of people with PD . Other symptoms include sensory , sleep , and emotional problems . The main motor symptoms are collectively called `` parkinsonism '' , or a `` parkinsonian syndrome '' . The cause of Parkinson 's disease is generally unknown , but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors . Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves . There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and among those who have had prior head injuries while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea . The motor symptoms of the disease result from the death of cells in the substantia nigra , a region of the midbrain . This results in not enough dopamine in these areas . The reason for this cell death is poorly understood , but involves the build-up of proteins into Lewy bodies in the neurons . Diagnosis of typical cases is mainly based on symptoms , with tests such as neuroimaging being used to rule out other diseases . There is no cure for Parkinson 's disease . Initial treatment is typically with the antiparkinson medication L-DOPA ( levodopa ) , with dopamine agonists being used once levodopa becomes less effective . As the disease progresses and neurons continue to be lost , these medications become less effective while at the same time they produce a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements . Diet and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness at improving symptoms . Surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce motor symptoms in severe cases where drugs are ineffective . Evidence for treatments for the non-movement-related symptoms of PD , such as sleep disturbances and emotional problems , is less strong . In 2015 , PD affected 6.2 million people and resulted in about 117,400 deaths globally . Parkinson 's disease typically occurs in people over the age of 60 , of which about one percent are affected . Males are more often affected than females . When it is seen in people before the age of 50 , it is called young-onset PD . The average life expectancy following diagnosis is between 7 and 14 years . The disease is named after the English doctor James Parkinson , who published the first detailed description in An Essay on the Shaking Palsy , in 1817 . Public awareness campaigns include World Parkinson 's Day ( on the birthday of James Parkinson , 11 April ) and the use of a red tulip as the symbol of the disease . People with parkinsonism who have increased the public 's awareness of the condition include actor Michael J. Fox , Olympic cyclist Davis Phinney , and late professional boxer Muhammad Ali .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85f41e9d21e4fa4b860405659b0cfc07", "text": "Turning Point (charity) Turning Point is a health and social care organisation that works across mental health , learning disability , substance misuse , primary care , the criminal justice system and employment . In 2017 , Turning Point won the contract to deliver sexual health services across 3 London boroughs and Autism Plus joined the Turning Point group . Many of Turning Point services are regulated by the Care Quality Commission . Turning Point developed out of a project in South East London and was founded by Barry Richards in 1964 . The Chief Executive is Lord Victor Adebowale . The charity was described as `` one of Princess Diana 's favourite charities '' ; she acted as its patron from 1985 to 1997 . Turning Point is a social enterprise and registered charity based in the United Kingdom that runs projects in more than 200 locations across England . In 2015/16 66,104 people engaged with Turning Point services . Turning Point employs over 3,500 staff . It has a turnover of # 111m , # 60m of which is for the delivery of substance misuse services , # 18m for the delivery of mental health services and # 34m for the delivery of support to people with a Learning Disability . Mental health services include : Talking therapies -- providing support over the phone , online and face-to-face to support people with depression , stress or anxiety to feel more in control . Community services -- support for individuals in their local community to set goals that improve their mental health and wellbeing . This includes providing housing , employment and welfare support and services for people with personal budgets . Crisis services -- emotional , practical and clinical support , to help individuals resolve their crisis and develop coping strategies to prevent and manage future episodes . Turning Point 's services provide a community-based alternative to hospital admissions for those experiencing a crisis . Specialist and forensic services -- for those with more enduring needs , Turning Point provide residential services including a therapeutic rehabilitation and recovery programme to help people develop the skills needed to live independently in a homely environment . Carers support -- Turning Point provide breaks for carers , while they take over the caring duties , including specific support for those with young onset dementia . Supported accommodation -- supporting residents with their daily living tasks such as shopping and cooking , and also support with education opportunities such as applying for volunteer work and to local colleges . Individual placement and support ( ips ) service -- the service challenges the perception that people with mental health issues can not work , by focusing on supporting people to attain competitive employment and providing training and support on the job . Learning disability services include : Supported living -- supporting people to take control of their own lives by providing flexible , outcome-focused support ; enabling people to have increased choice and control over their daily lives , increase their skills , independence and social inclusion , including accessing training and employment opportunities . Outreach -- to enable people to maintain their tenancy , manage their finances , get involved with their community and increase their daily living skills . Day opportunities -- opportunities to engage in meaningful work including one-to-one support to set and achieve personal goals , Residential care -- Turning Point provide a number of residential care services for people with a wide range of support needs . Turning Point use assistive technology and other aids and equipment to support people to maintain and increase their independence , alongside our dedicated staff team . Residential care with learning disability nurses -- Turning Point provides community-based residential care with nursing to individuals with a learning disability and complex health needs . Each person is supported by a team of support workers and nurses working in close partnership with local health professionals . Support for people under the mental health act -- Turning Point deliver community-based support within a highly specialist independent service . With support focussed on enhancing people 's quality of life and reducing challenging behaviour . Substance misuse services include : County-wide integrated drug and alcohol services , including young people 's services and family support Care co-ordination Supported living -- supporting people to develop skills to live more independently as they move through their drug and alcohol recovery . Psychosocial support which can include group work and 1:1 counselling Residential detox -- Turning Point support people 's recovery with group work , peer support and helping them to attend additional support groups and supporting people 's recovery with group work , peer support and helping them to attend additional support groups . Residential rehabilitation -- intensive therapeutic support in an abstinent living environment to support those who may not have succeeded in traditional community settings . Criminal justice system -- services work with clients at the point of their arrest , during their time in prison and after their release to tackle the root causes of offending and support positive integration back into the community . Education , training and employment support In 2015 the charity denied accusations of `` black on black racism '' in its appeal against the decision of an earlier employment tribunal that Adebowale had unfairly dismissed the charity 's IT director , Ibukun Adebayo . The tribunal did find that Adebayo 's actions in accessing lewd emails about her from the charity 's deputy chief executive to Adebowale , constituted gross misconduct , but ruled that this did not justify Adebowale 's actions . Adebayo 's lawyers said that the actions were unfair because the deputy chief executive 's behaviour `` was more serious than the claimant 's by way of his seniority and position as sponsor of Turning Point 's equal opportunities policy . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09bbdb46407929f41ee909451b3c6e5d", "text": "Prevention science Prevention Science is the application of a scientific methodology that seeks to prevent or moderate major human dysfunctions before they occur . Regardless of the type of issue on hand , the factors that lead to the problem must be identified and addressed . Prevention research is thus focused primarily on the systematic study of these potential precursors of dysfunction , also known as risk factors ; as well as components or circumstances that reduces the probability of problem development in the presence of risk , also known as protective factors . Preventive interventions aim to counteract risk factors and reinforce protective factors in order to disrupt processes or situations that give rise to human or social dysfunction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6299cba5a7118d4bc40ac11066e6be9e", "text": "Megavitamin therapy Megavitamin therapy is the use of large doses of vitamins , often many times greater than the recommended dietary allowance ( RDA ) in the attempt to prevent or treat diseases . Megavitamin therapy is typically used in alternative medicine by practitioners who call their approach `` orthomolecular medicine '' , but also used in mainstream medicine for `` exceedingly rare '' genetic conditions that respond to megadoses of vitamins . Nutrients may be useful in preventing and treating some illnesses , but the conclusions of medical research are that the broad claims of disease treatment by advocates of megavitamin therapy are unsubstantiated by the available evidence . It is generally accepted that doses of any vitamin greatly in excess of nutritional requirements , will result either in toxicity or in the excess simply being metabolised - evidence in favour of vitamin supplementation supports only doses in the normal range . Critics have described some aspects of orthomolecular medicine as food faddism or even quackery . Research on nutrient supplementation in general suggests that some nutritional supplements might be beneficial , and that others might be harmful ; several specific nutritional therapies are associated with an increased likelihood of the condition they are meant to prevent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c504f837194a91391b1390a15ab2201f", "text": "Stroke in China Recent epidemiologic studies confirm that stroke is the most frequent cause of death in the People 's Republic of China , with an incidence more than fivefold that of myocardial infarction . Intracerebral hemorrhage causes about one third of all strokes , nearly three times the frequency in North American stroke registries . A marked regional variation in stroke incidence exists , with a threefold higher stroke incidence in northern than in southern Chinese cities , suggesting important environmental or dietary influences . Stroke treatment often involves a combination of modern and traditional herbal medicine ; the latter may modify platelet aggregation and blood viscosity . Stroke , particularly intracerebral hemorrhage , is the most frequent and important vascular disorder in China . China reports more patients with stroke than anywhere else in the world . While there is still a great deal of unknown information , stroke research has been making great progress in recent years , such as in the areas of clinical research , population and genetic epidemiology , brain ischemia/reperfusion exploring , leukoencephalopathy ( CADASIL ) , neural stem cell and stroke , neuroprotective treatment for stroke , clinical therapy test in stroke , rehabilitation and prevention . Cities and towns in China have integrated systems for registering and investigating strokes . Chinese researchers have followed closely the international level of stroke treatment with a forward position in neural stem cell . Traditional Chinese drugs have featured effects on neuroprotective treatment for stroke which has also been investigated . Chinese scientists have suggested a new way of dividing neuroprotectors in stroke . The clinical therapy test with urokinase and defibrase for cerebral infarction in China is effective and relatively safe , yet the original papers published by Chinese researchers and clinical effects for patient treatment still need to be improved and updated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7a0b93fe8c1e440991fd00ac8e2a9ea", "text": "The Center for Vital Longevity The Center for Vital Longevity ( CVL ) is a research center of the University of Texas at Dallas . CVL houses scientists studying the cognitive neuroscience of aging and ways to maintain cognitive health for life . Researchers at the CVL also investigate how to slow cognitive aging and methods for the early detection of age-related neurodegenerative disorders , such as Alzheimer 's Disease . Other research includes studies investigating the cognitive neuroscience of memory , and other fundamental cognitive processes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46da54d6dfaeb14e2b8627a5140ee404", "text": "Cure A cure is the end of a medical condition ; the substance or procedure that ends the medical condition , such as a medication , a surgical operation , a change in lifestyle , or even a philosophical mindset that helps end a person 's sufferings ; or the state of being healed , or cured . A remission is a temporary end to the medical signs and symptoms of an incurable disease . A disease is said to be incurable if there is always a chance of the patient relapsing , no matter how long the patient has been in remission . An incurable disease may or may not be a terminal illness ; conversely , a curable illness can still result in the patient 's death . The proportion of people with a disease that are cured by a given treatment , called the cure fraction or cure rate , is determined by comparing disease-free survival of treated people against a matched control group that never had the disease . Another way of determining the cure fraction and/or `` cure time '' is by measuring when the hazard rate in a diseased group of individuals returns to the hazard rate measured in the general population . Inherent in the idea of a cure is the permanent end to the specific instance of the disease . When a person has the common cold , and then recovers from it , the person is said to be cured , even though the person might someday catch another cold . Conversely , a person that has successfully managed a disease , such as diabetes mellitus , so that it produces no undesirable symptoms for the moment , but without actually permanently ending it , is not cured . Related concepts , whose meaning can differ , include response , remission and recovery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad94486add815eb5645f9d2cb5bb6ed5", "text": "Assist (Scientology) The Scientology Assist is a procedure claimed to alleviate `` a present time -LSB- current -RSB- discomfort '' or bring a person who has recently died back to life . Assists are claimed to address the spirit , the person themselves , in bringing about a speedier recovery from illness and injury . For this reason it is made very clear that Assists do not `` heal the body '' , it is the spirit that helps heal the body and that is what assists are actually addressing and there are many records where parishioners of the Church have attested to their effectiveness either receiving or administering them . There are many different types of Assists that anyone can easily and swiftly learn to do at home for aiding recovery of all manner of illnesses , accidents and injuries and even domestic upsets , of any and all age groups including babies and even pets . There are also assists to , Scientologists believe , help make someone sober or recover from the loss of a loved one . No drugs or medication is used . They are not intended to replace competent professional medical treatment , which is why they are correctly called ASSISTS and not `` medicine '' or `` healing '' . They are thought to assist the ill or injured person themselves to recover more swiftly in the way they were designed and prescribed , as well as in conjunction with competent professional medical treatment where necessary . Assists can and often are administered without any medical treatment necessary , but does not replace it when it is necessary . Thousands of examples of miraculous results of Assists are claimed . The Church and its founder have been accused of unauthorized `` healing '' or `` practicing medicine '' ( i.e. addressing the body ) with Assists , when internal publications within the Church on Assist procedure state this is not the case . In the past , the Church of Scientology has received negative attention from law enforcement and regulatory agencies for practicing medicine without proper licensing . Thus , even though assists are intended to treat pain , injuries , and even death , modern Church of Scientology publications are careful to note that they are not intended to replace medicine , since it often goes against current scientific understanding of the subject and may result in direct conflict with the relevant authorities . As the Scientology Handbook ( 1994 edition ) states , `` Medical examination and diagnosis should be sought where needed , and where treatment is routinely successful , medical treatment should be obtained . An assist is not a substitute for medical treatment and does not attempt to cure injuries requiring medical aid , but is complementary ( adds ) to it . '' </blockquote>", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e23ff68546cf893fd31b273a3b5a16", "text": "Patient Self-Determination Act The Patient Self-Determination Act ( PSDA ) was passed by the United States Congress in 1990 as an amendment to the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 . Effective on December 1 , 1991 , this legislation required many hospitals , nursing homes , home health agencies , hospice providers , health maintenance organizations ( HMOs ) , and other health care institutions to provide information about advance health care directives to adult patients upon their admission to the healthcare facility . This law does not apply to individual physicians . Because the 1991 PSDA does not apply to individual physicians , private clinics and practices , most of which are incorporated for-profit organizations , the problem of cruel over treatment for profit of the elderly on Medicare/Medicaid was not controlled to the extent that Congress hoped would be possible when the states would implement the goals of the 1991 PSDA in state laws . ( Recently , in 2012 , the newspapers have revealed that The United States Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Justice have cooperated to prosecute over treatment of patients under the federal False Claims Act . ) The goals of the 1991 PSDA are covered in the PURPOSE section , below . Section 1233 of the proposed America 's Affordable Health Choices Act of 2009 ( H.R. 3200 ) would have authorized reimbursements for physician counseling regarding advance directives ( once every five years ) but it was not included in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 because of controversy over what were characterized as `` death panels . '' Unfortunately , because the law of the 1991 PSDA does not require or mandate the treating physicians -- after an educated `` terminal '' prognosis that is shared with the patient -- to seek informed consent from elderly and terminal Medicare/Medicaid patients for either Curative Care under Medicare or palliative care , transition to Hospice in the last six months of life ( also paid or out of the Medicare purse ) , the goals of the PSDA are not realized . Patient self rationing of expensive medical care at the end of life through the process of the advance directive under the provisions of the 1991 PSDA is discouraged because the patients have not had end-of-life conversations with the treating physicians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6645305fff5b28c7b54f23faa4d6c243", "text": "Supporting Healthy Marriage Project The Supporting Healthy Marriage Project , SHM , is part of the Healthy Marriage Initiative funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Administration for Children and Families , that was launched in 2003 as `` the first large-scale , multisite , multiyear , rigorous test of marriage education programs for low-income married couples . '' The project is motivated by research that `` indicates that married adults and children raised by both parents in stable , low-conflict households do better on a host of outcomes . '' The evaluation is led by MDRC , in collaboration with Abt Associates and other partners . USASpending.gov reports payments of more than $ 30 million from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to MDRC for work on the Supporting Healthy Marriage Project from 2009 to 2012 . Major study questions of the Supporting Healthy Marriage Project include : What are the experiences , issues and challenges in designing , implementing and operating healthy marriage education and related services for lower-income couples with children ? What are the net impacts of the programs on : marital stability and relationship quality ; attitudes and expectations regarding their marriage ; parenting attitudes and behaviors ; measures of adult well-being and child well-being and development ( e.g. , cognitive , social , emotional , health ) , and economic outcomes for families ? Limited federal funding for a Healthy Marriage Initiative began in 2001 to `` help couples who choose to get married gain greater access to marriage education services that will enable them to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to form and sustain a healthy marriage . '' In 2005 , Wade Horn , Assistant Secretary for the Administration for Children and Families , highlighted plans for a significant expansion of funding in testimony before the Subcommittee on 21st Century Competitiveness , House Committee on Education and the Workforce : `` Although I have focused on the areas of primary interest to your committee , I would be remiss if I did not briefly highlight other key areas of our proposal that play a critical role in the well-being of children , teenagers , and families . Indeed , we establish improving the well-being of children as the overarching purpose of TANF ... . In support of that overarching purpose , our proposal seeks to improve child well-being through programs aimed at encouraging responsible fatherhood and healthy marriages . By discontinuing the Out of Wedlock Birth Reduction Bonus and redirecting part of the High Performance Bonus Funding , we provide $ 200 million for programs aimed at promoting family formation and healthy marriages . We also provide $ 40 million in funding for the support of responsible fatherhood and healthy marriage programs to reverse the rise in father absence and its subsequent impact on children . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
177948c41d414d944479b187f9321005	Inhumans's main character is Black Bolt.	[ { "docid": "a533e0a2c01ae9609784b4f2e79c3539", "text": "Inhumans (TV series) Marvel 's Inhumans , or simply Inhumans , is an upcoming American television series developed for ABC , based on the Marvel Comics race of the same name . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise . The series is produced by ABC Studios and Marvel Television , with IMAX Corporation as a financing partner and Scott Buck serving as showrunner . The series is centered around Black Bolt , with Anson Mount in the role , and other members of the Inhuman Royal Family . A film from Marvel Studios based on the Inhumans began development in 2011 , before being announced in October 2014 for a November 2018 release as part of their Phase Three slate of films . The species was first introduced to the MCU in the second season of Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , and the film was subsequently removed from Marvel Studios ' release schedule in April 2016 . Inhumans was announced in November , to be partly filmed on IMAX digital cameras and to be the first live-action television series to debut on IMAX screens . Buck joined the series the next month . Mount was cast in February 2017 , with Iwan Rheon , Serinda Swan , Eme Ikwuakor , Isabelle Cornish , Ken Leung , Ellen Woglom , Sonya Balmores , and Mike Moh also starring in the series . Filming began in March 2017 , at the former Naval Air Station Barbers Point airfield in Kalaeloa , Hawaii . Inhumans is set to debut on IMAX screens on September 1 , 2017 , and run for two weeks , before premiering on ABC on September 22 , and airing eight episodes .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3ea05f1605dc688041ea652c7bf30a9d", "text": "Neutron (Marvel Comics) Neutron is a fictional character , an extraterrestrial superhero that appears in comic books published by Marvel Comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "caec9e7da0436884672b9b6678971417", "text": "Man-Ape Man-Ape ( M'Baku ) is a fictional character , a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is depicted as a frequent enemy of the Black Panther .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e6e518d7c36865beea99ae607e0de7d", "text": "Fantastic Five Fantastic Five is a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The team exists in the MC2 Universe , an alternate future to the Marvel Universe . A continuation of the Fantastic Four , the team was originally composed of the Human Torch , his wife Ms. Fantastic/Lyja ( a Skrull ) , the Thing , Big Brain ( Reed Richards ' remote-controlled robotic body ) , and Psi-Lord ( Franklin Richards , Reed 's son ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d56a0215041b5d0fb90be942aee1f820", "text": "Tar Baby (comics) Tar Baby is a fictional character , a mutant appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63f0dc3333065f19f2de95d073ab8177", "text": "Rapture (BioShock) Rapture is a fictional city in the BioShock series published by 2K Games . It is an underwater city that is the main setting for the games BioShock and BioShock 2 . The city also briefly appears in BioShock Infinite , and is featured in its DLC , Burial at Sea . The game 's back-story describes the city as envisioned by business tycoon Andrew Ryan in the mid-1940s as a means to create a utopia for mankind 's greatest artists and thinkers to prosper in a laissez-faire environment outside of increasing oppression by the world 's governments . However , the lack of government made many people uneasy , and the masses turned toward political activists like Atlas who advocated stability under a government , turning the city into a dystopia ; and on the eve of 1959 , a civil war broke out , leaving much of Rapture 's population dead . The remaining citizens either became psychotic `` Splicers '' due to the effects of ADAM , a substance that can alter genetic material , or have barricaded themselves from the Splicers to protect themselves , leaving the city to fail and fall apart around them . The player first experiences Rapture in BioShock , in 1960 , a year after the fateful riots , as a man named Jack that has come to Rapture after a plane accident over the mid-Atlantic Ocean where the city was located ; during this , the player comes to learn more about Ryan 's motives and those that he struggled against to keep the city 's ideals until the very end . In BioShock 2 , the player takes the role of a `` Big Daddy '' , a heavily modified humanoid in an armored diving suit , designed to maintain the city , and would soon come to serve the purpose of protecting the Little Sisters as they collect ADAM from `` Angels '' , which are dead bodies that harbor significant amounts of ADAM ; this takes place eight years after the events of the first game , and while Ryan has been killed , there remain those that vie for the vacuum left in his position of power . Rapture makes a brief appearance near the climax of BioShock Infinite , which is otherwise set in a different dystopian city , Columbia . Downloadable content for Infinite is set in Rapture on New Year 's Eve 1959 , a year before the events of the first BioShock and on the day of the civil war .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50dc70bdc3c19b7f66c8e4ccf94ccdfa", "text": "Hammerhead (comics) Hammerhead is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . He is primarily an enemy of Spider-Man and a member of organized crime who exists in Marvel 's main shared universe , known as the Marvel Universe . He is closely associated with the Hammerhead `` Family '' , a Maggia crime family . Hammerhead distinguishes himself from other villains in that he dresses up and acts somewhat like a gangster from the 1920s . Due to an injury he suffered , much of his skull was replaced with an unbendable steel alloy by Jonas Harrow , giving his head a flattened shape .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "130ff33105dd96a7b9eb7ff322098d45", "text": "Batwing (Marvel Comics) Batwing ( James `` Jimmy '' Santini ) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e0d8fdc0fbe4e2b3fee74e9e7c63619", "text": "Batman: Anarky Batman : Anarky is a 1999 trade paperback published by DC Comics . The book collects prominent appearances of Anarky , a comic book character created by Alan Grant and Norm Breyfogle . Although all of the collected stories were written by Alan Grant , various artists contributed to individual stories . Dual introductions were written by the creatorsboth of whom introduce the character and give insight into their role in Anarky 's creation and development . Featured as an antagonist in various Batman comics during the '90s , stories based on the character were highly thematic , political , and philosophical in tone . The majority of the collected stories ( `` Anarky in Gotham City '' , `` Anarky : Tomorrow Belongs to Us '' , `` Anarky '' ) are influenced by the philosophy of anarchism , while the final story ( `` Metamorphosis '' ) is influenced by Frank R. Wallace . Although anti-statism is the overarching theme of the collection , other concepts are explored . Anarky 's characterization was expanded throughout the stories to present him first as a libertarian socialist and anarchist , and in the final story as a vehicle for explorations into atheism , rationalism , and bicameralism . Literary references are also utilized throughout the collected stories to stress the philosophical foundations of the character . The collection also tracks the character 's evolution from a petty , street-crime fighting vigilante , to a competent freedom fighter in opposition to powerful forces of evil . Critics have positively received some of the stories within the collection , analyzing Anarky as a unique force for political commentary and discussion within DC Comics ' storytelling . However , the expansive growth of the character 's unique abilities and characterization has also fueled criticism as having overpowered the character beyond suspension of disbelief .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b8c8085016bfdb091f17fe3b98fcf31", "text": "Batwing (DC Comics) Batwing is a fictional comic book superhero appearing in publications by DC Comics . Within DC Comics internal continuity , Batwing is one of several superheroes patterned after the famous superhero Batman . Batwing , in particular , was conceived by Batman as his crime-fighting counterpart overseas , ` the Batman of Africa ' . The first Batwing is David Zavimbe , a Congolese police officer , created by writer Grant Morrison within the pages of Batman Incorporated prior to receiving his own eponymous series . Following later events within Batman Incorporated and Batwing , Zavimbe is replaced in the role by Luke Fox , an American mixed martial artist who had been Batman 's first choice in the role , who is also the son of Batman 's close associate Lucius Fox . Batwing faces a roster of adversaries ranging from international super villains to the Democratic Republic of Congo 's corrupt police force . Batwing expands the DC Universe by taking place in Africa , making David Zavimbe both the first ( in continuity ) black Batman and one of the few characters headlining a series outside the United States . Fox is also black , and becomes the first in-continuity African American Batman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d75cc77353d9c11dbf35d07b8bc7694c", "text": "Michael Akins Michael Akins is a fictional character in DC Comics ' Batman comics series . He is a man of African American descent who was chosen to succeed long-time Gotham City Police Commissioner James Gordon , who retired shortly after the end of the `` No Man 's Land '' story arc .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26440f2628ebd0b3465aaa604cd0f5cf", "text": "Druig Druig is a fictional character appearing in the comic books published by Marvel Comics . He is a member of the Eternals , an ancient and powerful race of superhumans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00a47f45a8903ab372e4f8938ed1c815", "text": "List of accolades received by BioShock Infinite BioShock Infinite is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games and published by 2K Games . Players assume control of Booker DeWitt ( Troy Baker ) , who is sent to rescue Elizabeth ( Courtnee Draper ) from her captivity on the floating air city of Columbia . The game 's development was led by creative director Ken Levine . The game was officially announced on August 12 , 2010 , and was widely anticipated . At the Spike Video Game Awards , it was nominated Most Anticipated Game three times . Following its previews at the Electronic Entertainment Expo , the game won numerous awards , including Best of Show from several gaming publications . It was released worldwide on March 26 , 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the game a normalized score of 94 out of 100 , indicating `` universal acclaim '' , based on 27 and 68 reviews for the Windows and PlayStation 3 versions , respectively ; the Xbox 360 version received 93 out of 100 based on 33 reviews . Within four months of its release , BioShock Infinite sold approximately four million copies , and eleven million by June 2015 . BioShock Infinite garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its music , story , visual design , characters , and the acting of its cast . At the 17th Annual DICE Awards , the game received six nominations and went on to win two awards : Action Game of the Year , and Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composition . The game earned four nominations at the 10th British Academy Video Games Awards , winning Original Music . At IGN 's Best of 2013 , the game garnered twenty nominations and went on to win nine awards , including Best Overall Shooter Game and Best Overall Graphics for Art Design . At the 14th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards , BioShock Infinite won Best Audio and Best Visual Art . The game received nine nominations at the Spike VGX , winning Best Shooter , Best Song in a Game and Character of the Year . At the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards , the game received eleven nominations , with Courtnee Draper winning Supporting Performance in a Drama . The game appeared on several year-end lists of the best games of 2013 , receiving Game of the Year wins from the Associated Press , CNN , Electronic Gaming Monthly , Entertainment Weekly , Forbes , and Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f63e87f9a7339b3134b10ea741f8e3f", "text": "Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor . The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia . The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires . In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c80595148f409986484f4957ce297c4", "text": "Blackheart Blackheart is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is usually depicted as an adversary to the superhero Ghost Rider . Created by writer Ann Nocenti and artist John Romita , Jr. , Blackheart first appeared in Daredevil # 270 ( September 1989 ) . The character has also appeared in other media , such as the 2000 video game Marvel vs Capcom 2 , and in the 2007 film Ghost Rider , in which he was portrayed by actor Wes Bentley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3993cc87baf92140281e19d5c6af99fa", "text": "Shadowland (comics) `` Shadowland '' is a 2010 Marvel Comics storyline centering on Daredevil and other `` street-level '' superheroes in the Marvel Universe . The storyline started in the Daredevil comic and was expanded upon in the Shadowland five-issue mini series as well as four tie-in mini series , four one-shots , and two issues of Thunderbolts . The storyline was collected into seven individual hard cover and soft cover Trade paperbacks in 2011 . The story chronicles Daredevils ' return to Hell 's Kitchen after he becomes the leader of the Hand Ninja clan . He builds a temple/prison in Hell 's Kitchen , the eponymous Shadowland . His methods get more extreme as he kills long-time adversary Bullseye . The change in attitude brings him and his ally White Tiger in conflict with a number of street level super-heroes such as Spider-Man , Luke Cage , Iron Fist , Moon Knight and more . The storyline also introduces a new Power Man to the Marvel Universe . The heroes later realize that Daredevil has become possessed by the Beast of the Hand , which explains why Daredevil 's actions have become more and more extreme and erratic . The heroes are helped out by the Kingpin and Lady Bullseye as they try to preserve the Kingpin 's criminal empire . In the final moments of the story Iron Fist uses his mystical chi to heal Daredevil , releasing the demon inside him . In an act of sacrifice Daredevil kills himself before the Beast can take control of him again , breaking the spell the Beast had on Hell 's Kitchen . Afterwards his corpse disappears , apparently to be revived by Elektra at the conclusion of the event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c6fdda7ad5031160cd87e2695f485a5", "text": "Ultimate Comics: The Ultimates Ultimate Comics : The Ultimates is an ongoing monthly comic book series published by Marvel Comics that made its debut in September 2011 as part of the second re-launch of Ultimate Marvel . Through the `` Ultimate Universe Reborn '' tagline following the `` Death of Spider-Man '' and written by Jonathan Hickman with art by Esad Ribic , the series also serves as a continuation of elements from Ultimate Comics : Fallout , and exists alongside other relaunched Ultimate Marvel titles including Ultimate Comics : Spider-Man and Ultimate Comics : X-Men . The series continues the adventures of the Ultimates , including Nick Fury , Thor and Iron Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7420a30e82f1281e27f114e9e5c759af", "text": "Cyclops (comics) Cyclops ( Scott Summers ) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and is a founding member of the X-Men . Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby , the character first appeared in the comic book The X-Men # 1 ( September 1963 ) . Cyclops is a member of a subspecies of humans known as mutants , who are born with superhuman abilities . Cyclops can emit powerful beams of energy from his eyes . He can not control the beams without the aid of special eyewear which he must wear at all times . He is typically considered the first of the X-Men , a team of mutant heroes who fight for peace and equality between mutants and humans , and one of the team 's primary leaders . Cyclops is most often portrayed as the archetypal hero of traditional American popular culture -- the opposite of the tough , anti-authority antiheroes that emerged in American popular culture after the Vietnam War ( e.g. , Wolverine , his X-Men teammate ) . One of Marvel 's most prominent characters , Cyclops was rated # 1 on IGN.com 's list of Top 25 X-Men from the past forty years in 2006 , and the 39th in their 2011 list of Top 100 Comic Book Heroes . In 2008 , Wizard Magazine also ranked Cyclops the 106th in their list of the 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time . In a 2011 poll , readers of Comic Book Resources voted Cyclops as 9th in the ranking of 2011 Top Marvel Characters . James Marsden has portrayed Cyclops in the first three and the seventh X-Men films , while in the 2009 prequel film , X-Men Origins : Wolverine , he is portrayed as a teenager by actor Tim Pocock . In 2016 's X-Men : Apocalypse , he is portrayed by Tye Sheridan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cddc20dd18f3e8b71a33154c48dcda9d", "text": "Galactus Galactus is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Formerly a mortal man , Galactus is a cosmic entity who originally consumed planets to sustain his life force , and serves a functional role in the upkeep of the primary Marvel continuity . Galactus was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and first appeared in the comic book Fantastic Four # 48 , published in March 1966 . Lee and Kirby had desired to introduce a character that broke away from the archetype of the standard villain , culminating in the creation of Galactus . In the character 's first appearance Galactus was depicted as a god-like figure who feeds by draining living planets of their energy , and operates without regard to the morality and judgements of mortal beings . Galactus ' initial origin was that of a space explorer named Galan who gained cosmic abilities by passing near a star , but writer Mark Gruenwald further developed the origin of the character , revealing that Galan lived during the previous universe . As Galan 's universe came to an end , Galan merged with the `` Sentience of the Universe '' to become Galactus , an entity that wielded such cosmic power as to require devouring entire planets to sustain his existence . Additional material written by John Byrne , Jim Starlin , and Louise Simonson explored Galactus ' role and purpose in the Marvel Universe , and examined the actions of the character through themes of genocide , manifest destiny , ethics , and natural/necessary existence . Frequently accompanied by a herald ( such as the Silver Surfer ) , the character has appeared as both antagonist and protagonist in central and supporting roles . Since debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , Galactus has played a role in over five decades of Marvel continuity . The character has been featured in other Marvel media , such as arcade games , video games , animated television series , and the 2007 film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer . In 2009 , Galactus ranked 5th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Villains '' , citing the character 's `` larger than life presence '' as making him one of the more important villains ever created . IGN also noted `` Galactus is one of the few villains on our list to really defy the definition of an evil-doer '' as the character is compelled to destroy worlds because of his hunger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4031ee0f69f0cf1e9a5a8f0ff9286923", "text": "Morgan Stark Morgan Stark is a Marvel Comics character .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "261c8bdf442b97cea31f68b61975d081", "text": "Abyss (comics) Abyss is a name used for three distinct characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics .", "title": "" } ]	fever
57a4d76ade7eaf15a60e141f2c536c8a	Kirk Douglas has only ever been a plumber his whole life.	[ { "docid": "a2543644dd2cc4d58041a6c7ba99368e", "text": "Kirk Douglas Kirk Douglas ( born Issur Danielovitch , December 9 , 1916 ) is an American actor , producer , director , and author . He is one of the last living people of the film industry 's Golden Age . After an impoverished childhood with immigrant parents and six sisters , he had his film debut in The Strange Love of Martha Ivers ( 1946 ) with Barbara Stanwyck . Douglas soon developed into a leading box-office star throughout the 1950s and 1960s , known for serious dramas , including westerns and war movies . During his career he appeared in more than 90 movies . Douglas became an international star through positive reception for his leading role as an unscrupulous boxing hero in Champion ( 1949 ) , which brought him his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . Other early films include Young Man with a Horn ( 1950 ) , playing opposite Lauren Bacall and Doris Day ; Ace in the Hole opposite Jan Sterling ( 1951 ) ; and Detective Story ( 1951 ) . He received a second Oscar nomination for his dramatic role in The Bad and the Beautiful ( 1952 ) , opposite Lana Turner , and his third nomination for portraying Vincent van Gogh in Lust for Life ( 1956 ) . In 1955 , he established Bryna Productions , which began producing films as varied as Paths of Glory ( 1957 ) and Spartacus ( 1960 ) . In those two films , he starred and collaborated with the then relatively unknown director , Stanley Kubrick . Douglas helped break the Hollywood blacklist by having Dalton Trumbo write Spartacus with an official on-screen credit , although Trumbo 's family claims he overstated his role . He produced and starred in Lonely Are the Brave ( 1962 ) , considered a cult classic , and Seven Days in May ( 1964 ) , opposite Burt Lancaster , with whom he made seven films . In 1963 , he starred in the Broadway play One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest , a story he purchased , which he later gave to his son Michael Douglas , who turned it into an Oscar-winning film . As an actor and philanthropist , Douglas has received three Academy Award nominations , an Oscar for Lifetime Achievement , and the Presidential Medal of Freedom . As an author , he has written ten novels and memoirs . Currently , he is No. 17 on the American Film Institute 's list of the greatest male screen legends of classic Hollywood cinema , and the highest-ranked living person on the list . After barely surviving a helicopter crash in 1991 and then suffering a stroke in 1996 , he has focused on renewing his spiritual and religious life . He lives with his second wife ( of 63 years ) , Anne , a producer . He turned 100 on December 9 , 2016 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "843db476297e55606eba4587747d9ea5", "text": "Leslie David Baker Leslie David Baker ( born February 19 , 1958 ) is an American film and television actor . He is known for his portrayal of Stanley Hudson in The Office . He also had several small roles in Scrubs and appeared on That '70s Show as a janitor after a Ted Nugent concert and played an office worker in several of OfficeMax 's `` Rubberband Man '' series of advertisements . He holds a B.S. in Psychology from Loyola University Chicago and a M.S. in Human Services Administration from Spertus Institute for Jewish Learning and Leadership in Chicago . He taught special education , grades K-8 , while working on his masters . He was reluctant to move to Hollywood , as he thought it important to first attain financial security . He once played a police officer and a customer in a stereo store in Malcolm in the Middle and a security guard in Action . His favorite episodes of The Office are `` Did I Stutter '' and `` Basketball '' . In November 2011 , Baker released his debut single , `` 2 Be Simple '' , with an accompanying music video . Jen Chaney of The Washington Post wrote that the song is `` destined to be the party anthem at all your yuletide throwdowns , '' while Cameron Mathews of Spinner described the hook as `` infectious '' and the lyrics as `` totally -LSB- capturing -RSB- the daydreams of a middle-aged man in crisis . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5347e3683581d8751fa7ecad6f726ed1", "text": "Douglas Channel Douglas Channel is one of the principal inlets of the British Columbia Coast . Its official length from the head of Kitimat Arm , where the aluminum smelter town of Kitimat to Wright Sound , on the Inside Passage ferry route , is 90 km ( 56 mi ) . The actual length of the fjord 's waterway includes waters between there and the open waters of the Hecate Strait outside the coastal archipelago , comprising another 60 km ( 37 mi ) for 140 km ( 87 mi ) in total . A major side-inlet , the Gardner Canal , is 90 km ( 56 mi ) in length , and is accessed from the Kitimat Arm of Douglas Channel via Devastation Sound ( 20 km , 12 mi ) , which is on the east side of Hawkesbury Island . South of Hawkesbury is Varney Passage ( 40 km , 25 mi ) , which has a sidechannel , Ursula Passage ( 30 km , 19 mi ) . Total waterway length of the fjord dominated by Douglas Channel is therefore , not counting smaller side-inlets , 320 km ( 200 mi ) , longer than Norway 's Sognefjord ( 203 km , 126 mi ) and rivalling Greenland 's Scoresby Sund at 350 km ( 217 mi ) , though not as long as nearby Dean Channel 's total of 335 km ( 208 mi ) . Douglas Channel is a busy shipping artery because of the methanol import terminal ( formerly methanol production and export ) and the aluminum smelter at Kitimat , as bauxite must be shipped in and smelted aluminum shipped out . Recently announced ( 2005 ) plans will see a major expansion of the port of Kitimat as a container and bulk resources port , augmenting the port capacity of the British Columbia 's North Coast currently a monopoly of the city of nearby Prince Rupert . The Gardner Canal is important for being the location of the Kemano generating station of the Nechako Diversion , which was built to supply power for Kitimat . The head of the Gardner Canal , also , is the mouth of the Kitlope River , a major wildlife and wilderness preserve and area of outstanding natural beauty ( and harsh weather ) . The Kitimat River flows into the Kitimat Arm portion of Douglas Channel . The channel is named in honour of Sir James Douglas , the first governor of the Colony of British Columbia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fbbb8e5eef7bef143207afcc71d607e", "text": "James Kiberd James Kiberd ( born July 6 , 1949 in Providence , Rhode Island ) is an American actor . He is perhaps most famous for his role as Trevor Dillon on the soap opera All My Children , which he played from 1989 to 2000 . A popular character from the beginning , he was paired in relationships with the character Natalie Marlowe ( Kate Collins ) , Laurel Banning ( Felicity LaFortune ) and later , Natalie 's nutty twin sister Janet Green ( played also by Kate Collins , later by Robin Mattson ) . He was the uncle of Hayley Vaughn ( Kelly Ripa ) ; for years , Hayley lovingly called him `` Uncle Porkchop , '' while he affectionately referred to her as `` Tinkerbell . '' `` The Book of Lists : The 90 's Edition '' by Wallace and Wallechinsky cites him as # 11 between Tim Allen # 10 and Steve Martin # 12 in the `` 15 Top Celebrity Q Scores '' . His other Soap opera credits include Another World and Loving . He has been married since 1986 to soap actress Susan Keith , whom he met on the set of Loving ( she played core character Shana Sloane on the show for many years ) . In 2001 , Kiberd filled in for Benjamin Hendrickson in the role of Hal Munson on As the World Turns while he was away on urgent family business . Since 2001 Kiberd has performed primarily on stage and in film . Of the dozen Shakespeare roles he has performed , his `` Petruchio '' won the best actor `` Zoni '' in 2004 . He stars as Elliot in the film `` Soldier 's Heart '' which had its world premier at the GI Film Festival in Washington D.C. on May 18 , 2008 ; winning for best narrative film . He was awarded `` The Meyer Schapiro Artist Award '' at Augusta State University in 1999 and the publication of `` James Kiberd Drawings '' accompanied the exhibit there . Recipient of the 1994 Danny Kaye Humanitarian Award in recognition of his visionary advocacy on behalf of children worldwide , Kiberd was appointed a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador for the United States in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6946a9219f15da69fa43e8cc9fa6197e", "text": "Doug Clarke Douglas `` Doug '' Clarke ( born 19 January 1934 ) is an English former footballer who played for Darwen , Bury , Hull City , Torquay United and Bath City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4cea9a2ba596e9e4cd041a13814bfc0", "text": "Warren Douglas Warren Douglas ( July 29 , 1911 -- November 15 , 1997 ) was an American film actor and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "038641c29fd2d1d92d3d53d22787f436", "text": "Kirk Springs Kirk Edward Springs ( born August 16 , 1958 ) is a former professional American football player who played safety for five seasons for the New York Jets in the National Football League . Springs ' most memorable NFL play came in a Monday Night Football contest at New Orleans on November 21 , 1983 , when he returned a Russell Erxleben punt 76 yards for a touchdown with less than four minutes remaining to lift the Jets to a 31-28 victory over the New Orleans Saints . The Jets scored 17 unanswered points in the fourth quarter to deny the Saints their first MNF victory . The loss eventually cost the Saints their first winning season and playoff berth , as New Orleans finished 8-8 under Bum Phillips .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "410296f5e09f52f38a6d1651fa50f5d0", "text": "Streets of Death Streets of Death is a 1987 American film . Tommy Kirk had retired from acting when the film was made but the producer made him an offer `` that was hard to refuse . '' He was the only professional actor in the cast . The film had some problems ... . I played a cop who has been kicked off the force because he was a drunk and had accidentally killed somebody . But he wanted to be back on the force , to be a cop again , so he goes off on his own and tries to solve this string of serial killings in the Los Angeles suburbs ... That picture was a good example of a case of good intentions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e756a7d7cdac0708c960a6c1c209815f", "text": "Doug Benson Douglas Steven `` Doug '' Benson ( born July 2 , 1962 ) is an American comedian , marijuana advocate , television host , actor and judge who has appeared on Comedy Central Presents , Best Week Ever , Trailer Park Boys , and was a contestant on Last Comic Standing in the show 's fifth season . He currently serves as a judge for the Comedy Central series The High Court with Doug Benson . In 2007 , he starred in the film Super High Me , a documentary about marijuana usage . Benson also currently hosts the popular Doug Loves Movies podcast along with his weekly marijuana video podcast show Getting Doug with High . His Comedy Central series The Benson Interruption ended its first season in December 2010 and was turned into a monthly podcast in January 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5c76b5300588bbb9988546edf302837", "text": "Davidsonia johnsonii Davidsonia johnsonii , commonly known as smooth Davidson 's plum , is a small tree native to rainforests of eastern Australia . The leaves are compound , glossy and hairless . It is a very rare tree in the wild , but is cultivated for its edible fruit . The fruit is a deep burgundy colour , with a sour flavour and is popular in jams . It is cultivated in small plantations . Due to infertile seeds it can only be propagated from cuttings or division . Hence all cultivated material is derived from clones of wild plants . Plants take at least six years to produce fruit . Some selections are heavy bearing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "028950a928f9a2cdbae27591f8ae99fb", "text": "Douglas DF The Douglas DF was a commercial flying boat built by Douglas Aircraft Company and which first flew on 24 September 1936 . It could accommodate 32 passengers , or 16 in sleeper cabins , and was the last flying boat built by the company . Despite acceptable handling and performance within design specifications , no commercial orders were forthcoming and faced with no domestic market for aircraft already built , the company obtained export permits for them . The first two production aircraft were sold to Japan , ostensibly for commercial airline use , however one of them was dismantled , reverse-engineered and formed the basis for the development of the Kawanishi H8K . The second one was lost on a survey flight in 1938 . The second production pair were sold ( as DF-195 's ) to the Soviet Union and after winterizing , were disassembled and transported to Russia via ship , where they were operated as transports by Aeroflot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd67280a17a83dc4592cf9509023f2d7", "text": "Catalina Caper Catalina Caper ( also known as Never Steal Anything Wet ) is a 1967 comedy musical mystery film starring Tommy Kirk . It is one of the last ( if not the last ) in the beach party film genre . This entry blends the beach format with a standard crime-caper comedy . It was shot on and around Santa Catalina Island , California . The film was also featured in the second season ( episode 4 ) of the movie-mocking television show Mystery Science Theater 3000 ( MST3K ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3632bdf9f0936718fdbdd19319b5a269", "text": "Douglas Morton Murray Douglas Morton ( 28 April 1916 -- 25 November 2001 ) was a Progressive Conservative member of the Canadian House of Commons . He was born in Fredericton , New Brunswick , becoming a barrister and lawyer in his career . He was first elected at the Davenport riding in the 1957 general election defeating Paul Hellyer . Morton was re-elected for a second term at Davenport in the 1958 election , but defeated in the 1962 election by Walter L. Gordon . Morton was also unsuccessful in the 1963 federal election at the York -- Humber against riding incumbent Ralph Cowan . Morton was elected as a Trustee of the Toronto Board of Education , 1952-57 . In 1956 , he served as Chairman of The Toronto Board of Education .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65a0ab21f35ca5a2ca6fc32de8666d15", "text": "Doug Willis Douglas `` Doug '' Willis is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours , played by Terence Donovan . Doug was introduced by executive producer Don Battye as the patriarch of the newly introduced Willis family . Donovan explained that being part of `` a loving family '' was one of the main reasons he accepted the role . He said he was happy to stay around for as long as the producers wanted him . Donovan made his first screen appearance as Doug during the episode broadcast on 18 July 1990 . Doug was portrayed as a man 's man , down-to-earth , easy-going and friendly . Doug was a builder , who loved his family and enjoyed spending time with his friends . Despite being `` an easy touch '' as a father , Doug could balance understanding with discipline . Doug and his wife , Pam ( Sue Jones ) had a solid marriage until they began to neglect each other due to work . When Doug thought Pam was having an affair with their neighbour Jim Robinson ( Alan Dale ) , he ended up having a one-night stand with Jill Weir ( Lyn Semler ) . Doug 's father , Bert ( Bud Tingwell ) , was introduced in 1993 . They had had a difficult relationship , but Doug made amends with his father when he learned he was dying . Shortly after , Doug got into debt and lost his job , causing him to sink into a deep depression . One of Doug 's last storylines saw him suffer a health scare in which he had to undergo an emergency operation . The character departed on 15 September 1994 , after being written out . In July 2005 , Donovan reprised his role as part of the show 's 20th anniversary celebrations . He reprised the role again in April 2014 and Doug came to Ramsay Street to visit his family . He was also diagnosed with Alzheimer 's disease . Doug continued to make guest appearances until his death in April 2016 , with his storylines mostly focusing on the progression of his Alzheimer 's and how it affects him and his family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66331b9f094245545950bd68f425d024", "text": "Douglas Miller (musician) Douglas Lee Miller ( born December 31 , 1949 ) , is an American gospel musician . He started his music career , in 1984 , with the release of , I Still Love the Name Jesus , that was released by Atlanta International Records . This album along with five others placed on exclusively the Billboard magazine Gospel Albums chart . He released album with A&M Records , Light Records , Word Records , Atlanta International Records , and Rejoice Music Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96566d468e280d10190035b1c6895d88", "text": "Douglas Francis McArthur Douglas Francis `` Doug '' McArthur ( born June 21 , 1943 ) is an educator and former political figure in Saskatchewan , Canada . He represented Regina Lakeview from 1978 to 1982 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a New Democratic Party ( NDP ) member . He was born in Watrous , Saskatchewan , the son of Neil McArthur , and was educated at the University of Saskatchewan , the University of Toronto and Oxford University . In 1967 , McArthur married Wenda Jean Berglind . He served in the Saskatchewan cabinet as Minister of Education , as Minister of Continuing Education and as Minister of Culture and Youth . McArthur was defeated by Tim Embury when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1982 . After leaving politics , he served in the British Columbia public service as Deputy Minister to the Premier and Cabinet Secretary and as Deputy Minister of Aboriginal Affairs in British Columbia , in the Yukon public service as Chief Land Claims Negotiator and in the Saskatchewan public service as Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Deputy Minister of Northern Saskatchewan . McArthur was a Senior Fellow in Public Policy at the University of British Columbia . As of 2012 , he was a professor in the school of Public Policy at Simon Fraser University and chair of the board of directors for the British Columbia chapter of Sierra Club Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff3f2236aea13cb05f22867ed25d14ed", "text": "Douglas Huff Douglas Huff , Jr. ( January 8 , 1931 -- September 23 , 1988 ) was an American politician . Born in Chicago , Illinois , Huff served in the United States Army . He went to Malcolm X College and Roosevelt University . Huffman was the executive director of East Garfield Organization . From 1975 to 1988 , Huff served in the Illinois House of Representatives and was a Democrat . In 1988 , he resigned from the Illinois General Assembly after being convicted in the United States District Court for income tax evasion . Huff died at St , Mary of Nazareth Medical Center in Chicago , Illinois after suffering a stroke ; he was sentenced to four years in prison on September 9 , 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90282d59be876d10d318ecda99cb9e2c", "text": "Milt Plum Milton Ross Plum ( born January 20 , 1935 ) is a former American football quarterback who played for the Cleveland Browns ( 1957 -- 61 ) , Detroit Lions ( 1962 -- 67 ) , Los Angeles Rams ( 1968 ) and New York Giants ( 1969 ) of the National Football League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd29be78ba4abdc4842ce948d24524ef", "text": "Bill Kirk William Partlemore Kirk ( July 19 , 1934 -- October 26 , 2009 ) was an American professional baseball player . His career extended from 1954 -- 1956 and 1959 -- 1964 , but the 6 ft , 160 lb left-handed pitcher made only one Major League appearance for the Kansas City Athletics during the season . A native of Coatesville , Pennsylvania , Kirk spent much of his life in Lancaster . He graduated from J. P. McCaskey High School in 1952 , where he was a gifted athlete excelling in both soccer and baseball . Upon graduation , he was offered a scholarship to West Chester University , but chose instead to accept a minor league pitching contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates . Kirk signed a Major League contract with the Philadelphia Athletics in 1954 . That year , he registered a 12 -- 9 record with a 3.32 ERA for Class D Welch Miners . Kirk stayed with the Athletics when the team moved to Kansas City in 1955 , pitching for six minor league teams before being promoted to the majors late in the 1961 season . While playing for Class-A Lancaster Red Roses , he had pitched a no-hitter at Stumpf Field in July 1960 . Kirk 's lone MLB appearance came as a starting pitcher on September 23 , 1961 , facing the visiting Cleveland Indians at Municipal Stadium . He gave up four earned runs on six hits and a walk , while striking out three in three innings of work , giving up home runs to Chuck Essegian and Johnny Romano . Kirk did not take the loss ( that went to Dave Wickersham in a 9 -- 5 Cleveland triumph ) , but never appeared in a major league game again . In 1964 , Kirk pitched and coached for Class-A York White Roses , which was the farm team for the Washington Senators . It was his last baseball venture in a career that spanned 11 years . Following his playing career , Kirk worked as an advertising and marketing executive . After his retirement , he served as a tipstaff at the York County Court House , Pennsylvania , primarily for Judge Dorney . Bill Kirk died in Lititz , Pennsylvania , at the age of 75 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b23202e62d96c8346a47409c2d916620", "text": "Doug Selby Doug Selby is a fictional creation of Erle Stanley Gardner . He appears in nine books , most originally serialized in magazines . He was portrayed by Jim Hutton in a 1971 television movie , They Call It Murder , loosely based on The D.A. Draws a Circle -- the only film adaptation of the series .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9f2b8e7ccaff0f03ac54592868b27c86	Here Comes the Sun was recorded in London in EMI Studios.	[ { "docid": "e91a4f201684921f6d5d838a46c19509", "text": "Here Comes the Sun `` Here Comes the Sun '' is a song written by George Harrison that was first released on the Beatles ' 1969 album Abbey Road . Along with `` Something '' and `` While My Guitar Gently Weeps '' , it is one of Harrison 's best-known compositions from the Beatles era . The song was written at the country house of his friend Eric Clapton , where Harrison had chosen to play truant for the day , to avoid attending a meeting at the Beatles ' Apple Corps organisation . The lyrics reflect the composer 's relief at both the arrival of spring and the temporary respite he was experiencing from the band 's business affairs . The Beatles recorded `` Here Comes the Sun '' at London 's EMI Studios in the summer of 1969 . Led by Harrison 's acoustic guitar , the recording also features Moog synthesizer , which he had introduced to the Beatles ' sound after acquiring an early model of the instrument in California . Reflecting the continued influence of Indian classical music on Harrison 's writing , the composition includes a series of unusual time changes . `` Here Comes the Sun '' has received acclaim from music critics . Combined with his other contribution to Abbey Road , `` Something '' , it gained for Harrison the level of recognition as a songwriter that had previously been reserved for his bandmates John Lennon and Paul McCartney . Harrison played the song during many of his relatively rare live performances as a solo artist , including at the Concert for Bangladesh in 1971 and , with Paul Simon , during his appearance on Saturday Night Live in 1976 . Richie Havens and Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel each had hit singles with `` Here Comes the Sun '' in the 1970s . Nina Simone , George Benson , Booker T. & the M.G. 's , Peter Tosh and Joe Brown are among the many other artists who have covered the song .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "99f21de1a8b5b1b41c065d3b4c6cff24", "text": "Real World Studios Real World Studios is a residential recording studio situated founded by Peter Gabriel and situated in the village of Box , Wiltshire , England , near to the city of Bath . It is closely associated with the Real World Records record label and WOMAD music festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ef53a5997e3e05781276073a1986e5c", "text": "Elgar Symphony No. 1 discography The first recording of Edward Elgar 's Symphony No 1 was made by the London Symphony Orchestra in 1930 , conducted by the composer for His Master 's Voice ( a label absorbed into the EMI recording group the following year ) . The recording was reissued on long-playing record ( LP ) in 1970 , and on compact disc in 1992 as part of EMI 's `` Elgar Edition '' of all the composer 's electrical recordings of his works . After 1931 , the work had no further gramophone recordings until Sir Adrian Boult 's 1950 recording ( see below ) . During the 1950s there was only one other new recording of the symphony , and in the 1960s there were only two . In the 1970s there were four new recordings . In the 1980s there were six , and the 1990s saw twelve . Ten new recordings were released in the first decade of the 21st century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61f974090b5659b23ae509454d9ab450", "text": "Sunbather (album) Sunbather is the second studio album by the American metal band Deafheaven . After the release of their debut record Roads to Judah , the then two piece group consisting of George Clarke and Kerry McCoy began work on Sunbather under the label Deathwish and recorded in several days in January 2013 . The recording process brought a third member into the fold with drummer Dan Tracy who would go on to become a permanent fixture of the band . The album was recorded in The Atomic Garden Recording Studio , owned by Jack Shirley who had been a long time producer of the band . Although Deafheaven had been strongly influenced by black metal as well as diverse other metal acts , their music drew comparisons from music critics to shoegaze , post-rock , and alternative rock sounds . This trend was further continued on Sunbather . The melancholic songs featured in the album include wall of sound arrangements that are found in many shoegazing and post-rock acts , producing dense sounds that sometimes breakdown into slower , melodic parts that are then topped with vocalist George Clarke 's reverb-soaked screaming style singing of lyrics . The album also contains a few interludes that include sampling , field recording , and droning . Sunbather was released in June 2013 and received universal critical acclaim , with Metacritic acknowledging it as `` the best-reviewed major album '' of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8920079848b535bfef4cee6afa4d637", "text": "The Sun Rising `` The Sun Rising '' is a hit single by UK band The Beloved . It was their first top 40 hit in the UK , peaking at # 26 in the UK Singles Chart in November 1989 . `` The Sun Rising '' appears on their top 20 album Happiness . The song was re-released in 1997 and reached # 31 in the UK . The female vocal that has been sampled in `` The Sun Rising '' is from a song titled `` O Euchari '' which appears on the album `` A Feather On The Breath Of God '' composed by Abbess Hildegard Of Bingen and sung by Emily Van Evera who was a member of the vocal ensemble Gothic Voices in 1981 when the album `` A Feather On The Breath Of God '' was originally recorded . The `` O Euchari '' sample was not credited on the release of `` The Sun Rising '' single . An out of court settlement was reached between WEA and the `` Gothic Voices '' record label `` Hyperion Records '' for this omission . The song was also used in a commercial for the breakfast cereal Alpen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c56959d397787b393fac6aa6934e2d4c", "text": "Sounds Incorporated Sounds Incorporated , first recorded as Sounds Inc. , was a British instrumental pop group which recorded extensively in the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49cb0951e45c8ed8e6a5daa504cc9305", "text": "My Aim Is True My Aim Is True is the debut album by English singer-songwriter Elvis Costello . The album was recorded at Pathway Studios in Highbury , London Borough of Islington , over the course of 1976 during late-night studio sessions , in a total of approximately twenty-four hours . It was the first of five consecutive Costello albums produced by Nick Lowe and cost # 2,000 to record . The backing band was made up of members of Clover , but they were uncredited on the original release due to contractual difficulties ; some early publicity for the album identified the backing band as `` The Shamrocks '' . In 1977 Rolling Stone magazine named the album one of the best of the year . In 2003 , the TV network VH1 named My Aim Is True the 80th greatest album of all time . In 2003 , the album was ranked number 168 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . In 2004 , it was ranked 37 of the top 100 albums of the 1970s by Pitchfork which reported the album to be `` held by many as the most impressive debut in pop music history . '' In 2007 , the album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e0b7ce2b479db136a78202feea358ad", "text": "Lights (Ellie Goulding album) Lights is the debut studio album by English singer Ellie Goulding , released on 26 February 2010 by Polydor Records . Goulding collaborated with several producers on the album , including Starsmith , Fraser T Smith , Frankmusik , Richard `` Biff '' Stannard , Ash Howes , Liam Howe , Fred Falke and Mumford & Sons ' Ben Lovett . The album received generally positive reviews from music critics , who complimented Goulding 's electronic edge , while less favourable reviews felt the sound was generic . Lights debuted atop the UK Albums Chart with first-week sales of 36,854 copies . In North America , the album charted at number 21 in the United States and number 66 in Canada . It spawned four singles : `` Under the Sheets '' , `` Starry Eyed '' , `` Guns and Horses '' and `` The Writer '' . The album was re-released on 29 November 2010 under the title Bright Lights , including six new tracks . It produced two additional singles -- a cover of Elton John 's `` Your Song '' , which peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart and became Goulding 's second highest-charting single in the UK , and `` Lights '' , which reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and became Goulding 's most successful single in the US . Following the reissue , the album saw a surge in sales in both the UK and Ireland . On 8 March 2011 , the album was released in the United States with two songs removed and featuring three songs that were previously not available on the original version , but were included on the Bright Lights reissue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb80a4b7a0048876e819c19086e2f998", "text": "Scarlet Party Scarlet Party was formed in Essex , England , in the early 1980s . The founder members were , singer/songwriters Graham Dye , and brother Steven Dye , with drummer Sean Heaphy . They began to perform at many top venues , to a well established following , and had already recorded an album of original material , and were signed to a major record company , when joined by fourth member , Mark Gilmour , brother of Pink Floyd 's David Gilmour , on lead guitar . The debut single , `` 101 Dam-Nations '' , was released on EMI 's famous Parlophone label , on 16 October 1982 , alongside a special re-release of Love Me Do , celebrating The Beatles ' 20th anniversary at EMI . This helped to get Scarlet Party noticed , and with the voice of Graham Dye , uncannily resembling that of John Lennon , a television , radio , and magazine , publicity campaign , helped to reinforce the connection . The single was enthusiastically received ( Kate Bush described it as her favourite ) , and reached number 44 in the UK Singles Chart . The follow-up single `` Eyes Of Ice '' reached number 8 in the Portuguese chart . The single was released in February 1983 , on ice-clear vinyl , which was a request from the band , and all art-work for the sleeve was created by Graham Dye , using coloured pencils . EMI then decided not to release the completed album , which was to be called ` Scarlet Skies ' . ` Scarlet Skies ' , was recorded at Abbey Road Studios in 1981-82 , but has never been officially released . The linked songs explore themes of war , love , and alienation , in styles reminiscent of both the mini pop operas of The Who , and the progressive concept albums of Pink Floyd . The band recorded more original songs written by the Dye brothers , as a four-piece , until the departure of Mark Gilmour at the end of 1983 , and then , once again , as a three-piece , also working on other projects , including a musical cartoon adventure based on the band , none of which were taken on by EMI . Scarlet Party continued performing live shows , joined briefly by new member Micky Portman on bass , and recorded several more tracks at Abbey Road Studios . However , the band now feeling disheartened , and disappointed in EMI , decided to call it a day at the end of 1985 . Graham Dye went on to work as lead vocalist , on several albums by The Alan Parsons Project , and more recently , a new version of `` 101 Dam-Nations '' was made , featuring Graham and Steven Dye , together with Phil Collins of Genesis , playing the drums . The brothers requested the help of Alan Parsons to produce the recording , which is not yet available .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e65ab0155d8891a8ce28d53727bc62e4", "text": "And Then... Along Comes the Association And Then ... Along Comes the Association is the debut studio album by the American sunshine pop band the Association , and was released on Valiant Records , in July 1966 ( see 1966 in music ) . It became one of the top selling LPs in America , peaking at number five , and remains the Association 's most successful album release , with the exception of their Greatest Hits compilation . The album 's success was primarily credited to the inclusion of their two U.S. hits `` Along Comes Mary '' and `` Cherish '' , which peaked at number seven and number one respectively on the Billboard Hot 100 , and were among the most-played songs on AM radio in 1966 . The album was preceded by a few non-LP singles as the Association struggled to establish themselves a commercial presence . Moving from the Jubilee record label to Valiant Records , the group released a cover version of Bob Dylan 's `` One Too Many Mornings '' , which received attention from Curt Boettcher . Boettcher , who had previously worked with the folk rock group The GoldeBriars , and demoed `` Along Comes Mary '' with lead guitarist Jules Alexander , was brought in by the group to steer the Association in a pop rock musical direction . Aside from `` Along Comes Mary '' , the sessions with Boettcher provided the band with the song 's B-side , `` Your Own Love '' , and two other tracks that are featured on the album `` Remember '' and `` I 'll Be Your Man '' . The Association yielded some of the instrumental playing on And Then ... Along Comes the Association to top L.A. session musicians , including guitarist Mike Deasy ( who would continue to play on other Association albums ) , bassist Jerry Scheff , and percussionists Jim Troxel and Toxey French . And Then ... Along Comes the Association saw the group experiment with luscious vocal harmonies that anticipated the musical textures of Bottecher 's later groups the Millennium and Sagittarius . In addition , the album incorporated a wide-assortment of influences , including folk rock , psychedelia , Baroque pop , and remains a cornerstone of sunshine pop . Along with the hit singles `` Along Comes Mary '' and `` Cherish '' , notable tracks on the album include the reflective `` Enter the Young '' and the Addrissi brothers ' `` Do n't Blame It on Me '' . The partnership between the Association and Boettcher -- while innovative and commercially successful -- was cut short after Boettcher began to overreach his authority in the group 's musical direction . For their sophomore effort , Renaissance , the Association recruited Jerry Yester to replace Boettcher as producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68d7e6c26399be0a00fc280062b9359a", "text": "They Came from the Sun They Came From the Sun is the second and last album by British post-hardcore band Yourcodenameis : Milo . The album was released on 2 April 2007 under V2 Records . The song `` Understand '' was originally called ` Second Mater Responds ' in relation to the song ` First Mater Responds ' which featured on their mini-album `` All Roads to Fault '' . The title was changed to ` Understand ' shortly before the album 's release . Videos were made for the singles , `` Understand '' and `` I 'm Impressed '' . `` Translate '' was released as a free download from the band 's website with downloadable artwork .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bd0c83373982e5318974823ea260bc0", "text": "Gramophone (magazine) Gramophone is a magazine published monthly in London devoted to classical music , particularly to reviews of recordings . It was founded in 1923 by the Scottish author Compton Mackenzie . It was acquired by Haymarket in 1999 . In 2013 the Mark Allen Group became the publisher The magazine presents the Gramophone Awards each year to the classical recordings which it considers the finest in a variety of categories . In the title bar of its website Gramophone claims to be : `` The world 's authority on classical music since 1923 . '' This used to appear on the front cover of every issue ; recent editions have changed the wording to `` The world 's best classical music reviews . '' Its circulation , including digital subscribers , was 24,380 in 2014", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3658416903671b0d3ca466912af0312c", "text": "Hookend Recording Studios Hook End Recording Studios is a recording studio located in Hook End Manor , near Checkendon , Oxfordshire , England . Marillion 's Steve Hogarth has called it `` probably England 's most luxurious recording studio '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15192d1c7b711944077e93b20b109d01", "text": "At My Time of Life At My Time of Life '' ' is a 1976 vinyl album recorded by Bing Crosby for United Artists , mostly at Chappells Studios in London in February 1975 . He was accompanied by Pete Moore and his Orchestra . The songs from the album were included on a 3-CD set called `` Bing Crosby -- The Complete United Artists Sessions '' issued by EMI Records ( 7243 59808 2 4 ) in 1997 . This included several previously unreleased alternate takes and studio chat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ea249f69d327b75ff11b0ae01fda2ad", "text": "Enigma Variations discography Edward Elgar 's Enigma Variations has received more than sixty recordings since the first version , recorded under the baton of the composer in 1924 . The first two recordings were made by the old acoustic process . Following the introduction of the microphone and electrical recording in 1925 , Elgar re-recorded the work , taking advantage of the greatly increased realism of the new process . New recordings of the Variations were later made following the introduction of the long playing record in the early 1950s , and after the introduction of stereophonic recording towards the end of the decade . Details of the recordings , below , are taken from '' The Gramophone ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa4a81deed780f49c0114fb0964fa08d", "text": "Toe Rag Studios Toe Rag Studios is an analogue recording studio located in Hackney , London , England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2273c8b5f2b153186f16617392e42275", "text": "Made in Heaven (song) `` Made in Heaven '' is the third single recorded by Freddie Mercury , and his fourth release as a solo artist . Originally featured in Mercury 's debut album , the song was slightly edited and published as a 45rpm paired with `` She Blows Hot and Cold '' , described on the record sleeve as ' A Brand New Track ' . The single reached # 57 on the UK Singles Chart . After Mercury 's death , the song 's title gave the name to Queen 's 1995 posthumous album Made in Heaven . The song was also chosen , along with `` I Was Born to Love You '' , to be re-recorded for the album , with the previous vocals over a newly recorded instrumental track .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "080608a18623f8f4e653f471b108c0f0", "text": "The Sun Sessions The Sun Sessions is a compilation of Elvis Presley recordings at Sun Studios in 1954 and 1955 . It was issued by RCA Records in 1976 , and had been issued and charted as The Sun Collection in the UK the previous year . It features liner notes by Roy Carr of the New Musical Express .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "595663f067ea606c4130f444da22051b", "text": "Delicate Sound of Thunder Delicate Sound of Thunder '' is a double live album by the English progressive rock band Pink Floyd which was recorded over five nights at the Nassau Coliseum on Long Island , New York in August 1988 and mixed at Abbey Road Studios in September 1988 . It was released on 22 November 1988 , through EMI Records in the United Kingdom and Columbia Records in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1ecfcd375ad756ea4832acf5761f00b", "text": "The Complete Studio Recordings (Led Zeppelin album) The Complete Studio Recordings is a ten compact disc box set by the English rock group Led Zeppelin , released by Atlantic Records on 24 September 1993 . It contains all nine of the original Led Zeppelin studio albums digitally remastered , and an expanded version of Coda . The albums are placed in chronological order with the exception of Presence which appears between Houses of the Holy and Physical Graffiti . The intention was to have the latter in one two-disc-sleeve . The set 's version of Coda included some of the previously unreleased tracks that had surfaced on the box set series : `` Baby Come On Home '' , `` Travelling Riverside Blues '' , `` White Summer/Black Mountain Side '' , and `` Hey , Hey , What Can I Do '' . In 2007 , when the Led Zeppelin catalog was released to digital stores , the expanded track list for Coda was used , but omitted `` Travelling Riverside Blues '' because of its inclusion with BBC Sessions . The set also includes a booklet featuring an extended essay by rock journalist Cameron Crowe and photos of the band . The album cover depicts the inside structure of a zeppelin . This title has been discontinued just prior to the launch of Mothership , and is now superseded by the Definitive Collection Mini LP Replica CD Boxset , which was released in September 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b91ba3aa0e234207fd8d58a3e2fa402e", "text": "This Is Where I Came In (song) `` This Is Where I Came In '' is a song by the Bee Gees . It was the only single from their final album and was featured as the last song performed on the live Bee Gees 1997 PBS special One Night Only before the album release of This Is Where I Came In as an `` experimental '' song at that time the song was titled `` This Is Just ( Where I Came In ) '' before being changed and shortened to the current song title , `` This Is Where I Came In '' , released in 2001 . The song was written by Barry , Robin and Maurice Gibb . It reached no. 18 in the UK and no. 25 in Germany , but was not released in the United States . `` Just in Case '' is a song from 1997 , which was shown in the writing stages on the Bee Gees 1997 documentary Keppel Road . `` I Will Be There '' is a song from 1999 and presumably the demo version for Tina Turner , who recorded it on her 1999 album Twenty Four Seven . The remix version of this song was remixed by DJ Domino , released also in that year also in Universal Records in the United States was edited to 5:07 and the DJ Domino edit was edited to 3:45 . Lead vocals are performed by Robin Gibb on the first verse and on the chorus , while Barry Gibb sang lead on the second verse and sing harmony on the chorus . The song 's music video was directed by Jake Nava .", "title": "" } ]	fever
99731c965baf2c5ec5dfb5583a5eaedc	Catherine Tregenna worked in the science fiction genre.	[ { "docid": "8e7af1afc4b3e28aaf834735eb51e5b5", "text": "Catherine Tregenna Catherine Tregenna is a Welsh playwright , television scriptwriter and actress . She wrote the play Art and Guff , co-wrote the series Cowbois ac Injans and four episodes of the BBC 's science fiction drama Torchwood : `` Out of Time '' , `` Captain Jack Harkness '' , `` Meat '' and `` Adam '' . As well as co-writing Meat , she also created the meat props shown in the episode . `` Captain Jack Harkness '' was nominated for the 2008 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , Short Form . She has also written episodes for EastEnders , Casualty , and for the first four series of ITV1 crime drama Law & Order : UK , which began transmitting in February 2009 . She played the character Kirsty McGurk , for several years , in Pobol Y Cwm and a doctor in Satellite City . In November 2014 , it was confirmed that she would be writing an episode for the ninth series of Doctor Who , later confirmed to be titled `` The Woman Who Lived '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "83a3560f4302c3e99e66c3ee4eda1d2c", "text": "DNA Publications DNA Publications was an American publishing company which existed from 1993 to 2007 and was run by the husband-and wife team of Warren Lapine and Angela Kessler , who met at a science fiction convention in Virginia . Initially based in Massachusetts , DNA Publications relocated to Radford , Virginia . As of 2004 it was the second-largest genre magazine publisher in the US . Its first publication , in 1993 , was the magazine Harsh Mistress , which Lapine produced in collaboration with Kevin Rogers and Tim Ballon . DNA Publication distributed or published Aboriginal SF , Absolute Magnitude , Artemis , Dreams of Decadence , Fantastic Stories , Mythic Delirium , The Official KISS Magazine , Science Fiction Chronicle , and The Whole Cat Journal . It also published the book imprints Spyre Books and Wilder Publications . For their work on the magazines , DNA Publications was a 2000 World Fantasy Award nominee , in the `` special award : professional '' category . Absolute Magnitude was a 2002 Hugo Award nominee in the semiprozine category . Notable authors published by the DNA Publications magazines include Chris Bunch , Hal Clement , Harlan Ellison , Alan Dean Foster , and Allen Steele . DNA Publications collapsed in early 2007 . Weird Tales had been bought in 2005 by Wildside Press and Mythic Delirium , which parted with DNA Publications around the same time . Wilder Publications is now part of Tir Na Nog Press .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "289a193b905b00b322585918d9b69da9", "text": "Lab lit Lab lit ( also `` lablit '' ) is a loosely defined genre of fiction , distinct from science fiction , that centers on realist portrayals of scientists and on science as a profession .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ce8a6ef0f054fc4d038fb5af17a3a7e", "text": "Science book A science book is a work of nonfiction , usually written by a scientist , researcher , or professor like Stephen Hawking ( A Brief History of Time ) , or sometimes by a non-scientist such as Bill Bryson ( A Short History of Nearly Everything ) . Usually these books are written for a wide audience presumed to have a general education rather than a specifically scientific training , as opposed to the very narrow audience that a scientific paper would have , and are therefore referred to as popular science . As such , they require considerable talent on the part of the author to sufficiently explain difficult topics to people who are totally new to the subject , and a good blend of storytelling and technical writing . In the UK , the Royal Society Prizes for Science Books are considered to be the most prestigious awards for science writing . In the US , the National Book Awards briefly had a category for science writing in the 1960s , but now they just have the broad categories of fiction and nonfiction . There are many disciplines that are well explained to lay people through science books . A few examples include Carl Sagan on astronomy , Jared Diamond on geography , Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Dawkins on evolutionary biology , David Eagleman on neuroscience , Donald Norman on usability and cognitive psychology , Steven Pinker , Noam Chomsky , and Robert Ornstein on linguistics and cognitive science , Donald Johanson and Robert Ardrey on paleoanthropology , and Desmond Morris on zoology and anthropology , and Fulvio Melia on black holes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2148394ac53bcd28a264e513659d7e7c", "text": "C. I. Defontenay C.I. Defontenay ( 1819 -- 1856 ) was the pseudonym of French science fiction writer Charlemagne Ischir Defontenay . Defontenay 's 1854 Star , ou Psi Cassiopea is seen by some as an example of proto-space opera . Others see Defontenay as a predecessor of Olaf Stapledon . Star describes the discovery in the Himalayas of a stone that has fallen from the sky . After opening it , it turns out to contain a metal box where the narrator finds some paper manuscripts . After two years of study , he managed to decipher them and finds out that they describe the alien societies of various humanoid races living in the constellation of Cassiopeia . One set of creatures were 9-foot tall blue-haired immortal humanoids . Defontenay 's other accomplishments included being a pioneer in plastic surgery . He was a disciple of Fourier and Hoffman . His writings often display his philosophical kinship with those thinkers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a8a8c571b1e5fe50207d408b3af4d33", "text": "Prophets of Science Fiction Prophets of Science Fiction is an American documentary television series produced and hosted by Ridley Scott for the Science Channel . The program premiered on . The series covers the life and work of leading science fiction authors of the last couple of centuries . It depicts how they predicted and , accordingly , influenced the development of scientific advancements by inspiring many readers to assist in transforming those futuristic visions into everyday reality . The stories are told through film clips , reenactments , illustrations and interviews . The first episode received mixed reviews . Commentators appreciated the approach of combining coverage of contemporary scientific research and biographical exposition , but criticized the series as `` light on the substance and heavy on the exaggeration '' . The series ' attempts to link Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein to developments such as organ transplants , supercomputers and DNA research were described by one critic as far-fetched but by another as successful .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5b96b85354a7f2842106d2f05f50da2", "text": "Science Fiction Adventures (1952 magazine) Science Fiction Adventures was an American digest-size science fiction magazine , published from 1952 to 1954 by Science Fiction Publications . It was edited by Lester del Rey , under the pseudonym `` Philip St. John '' , and was targeted at a younger audience than its companion magazine , Space Science Fiction . Contributors included Algis Budrys , Raymond Z. Gallun , Robert Sheckley , and del Rey himself , who published his novel Police Your Planet under the pseudonym `` Erik van Lhin '' . Damon Knight contributed a book review column beginning with the fifth issue . Cyril M. Kornbluth 's novel The Syndic was serialized in 1954 . Artwork was provided by H.R. van Dongen , Kelly Freas , and Paul Orban , among others . Lester del Rey left at the end of 1953 , and his place was taken by Harry Harrison , but the magazine lasted for only three more issues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9d29b037c53329c455172ac8016b34f", "text": "Alien language in science fiction A formal description of an alien language in science fiction may have been pioneered by Percy Greg 's Martian language ( he called it `` Martial '' ) in his 1880 novel Across the Zodiac , although already the 17th century book The Man in the Moone describes the language of the Lunars , consisting `` not so much of words and letters as tunes and strange sounds '' , which is in turn predated by other invented languages in fictional societies , e.g. , in Thomas More 's Utopia . As the science fiction genre developed , so did the use of the literary trope of alien languages . Some science-fiction works operate on the premise that alien languages can be easily learned if one has a competent understanding of the nature of languages in general . For example , the protagonist of C. S. Lewis 's novel Out of the Silent Planet is able to use his training in historical linguistics to decipher the language spoken on Mars . Others work on the premise that languages with similarities can be partially understood by different species . Stanislaw Lem 's novel His Master 's Voice describes an effort by scientists to decode , translate and understand an extraterrestrial transmission . The novel critically approaches humanity 's intelligence and intentions in deciphering and truly comprehending a message from outer space . The 2014 novel Lamikorda by D. R. Merrill not only deals with differences in verbal communication , but gestures and other `` body language '' , pointing out the inextricability of language with cultural and social norms . In some cases , authors avoid linguistic questions by introducing devices into their stories that seamlessly translate between languages , to the point that the concept of different languages can largely be excluded from a franchise . Notable examples include : Douglas Adams 's babel fish The TARDIS from Doctor Who The translator microbes in Farscape The universal translator from Star Trek In other cases , the question of language is dealt with through the introduction of a universal language via which most , if not all , of the franchise 's species are able to communicate . In the Star Wars universe , for example , this language is known as Basic and is spoken by the majority of the characters , with a few notable exceptions . Other alien species take advantage of their unique physiology for communication purposes , an example being the Ithorians , who use their twin mouths , located on either side of their neck , to speak in stereo . In some franchises this universal language is an intermediary language ; one that different species can easily translate to and from their own languages , thus allowing simple communication between races . Examples of this approach include Interlac from the Legion of Super-Heroes , Babylon 5 , and the Uplift Universe , where numerous sapient species use at least twelve `` Galactic '' languages ( each version is used in communication between species that can articulate it , and that find it useful in expressing their concepts ) . Not all of these universal/intermediate languages take the form of spoken/written languages as is recognized in the human world . In the film and book Close Encounters of the Third Kind scientists use Solresol , a language based on musical tones , while in the film and book Contact , aliens send the instructions to build a machine to reach them using mathematics , which the main character calls `` the only universal language '' . Similarly , in Stargate SG-1 , the protagonists encounter a galactic meeting place where different races communicate with one another using a language based on atomic structures which is `` written '' in three dimensions rather than two . A number of long-running franchises have taken the concept of an alien language beyond that of a scripting device and have developed languages of their own . Examples include the Klingon language of the Star Trek universe ( a fully developed constructed language created by Marc Okrand ) The Zentradi language from the Macross Japanese science-fiction anime series The DC Comics , Kryptonese ( for which there exists an alphabet and language glossary ) For his 2009 science fiction film Avatar , creator and director James Cameron constructed the fictional Na ` vi language ( with the aid of college professor Paul Frommer ) for his fictional alien Na ` vi race in the film The existence of alien languages and the ease or difficulty of translation is used as a plot device or script element in a number of franchises , sometimes seriously , and sometimes for comedic value . In Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country , the crew is forced to speak ( broken ) Klingon without the universal translator . In the film Mars Attacks ! , the language spoken by the Martians appears to consist only of the words `` ack ! '' and `` rack ! '' spoken at different pitches and volume . The film 's universal translator consistently translates these as being offers of friendship despite the fact that the aliens ' actions are anything but friendly . In one episode of Babylon 5 , Commander Susan Ivanova gives orders to a Minbari crew in their language , and exclaims `` Ah Hell ! '' in frustration , inadvertently giving the command `` continuous fire '' in Minbari . This is identical phonetically to `` ahel '' the Minbari translation of `` continuous fire '' . In Dragon Ball Z , Bulma speaks in her usual language ( Japanese ) and thereby involuntarily activates some functions of an alien starship , as her words are identified by the ship 's computer as Namekkian orders . C. J. Cherryh 's Chanur series of books relies heavily on linguistic and psychological problems of communication between various alien races . Some examples include usage of obscure languages and cultural references to conceal information from others , imperfections of computer translation , use of pidgin and linguistic barriers , psychological concepts which do not have matches in other races ' languages , and a race so alien that it can not be understood at all without a translation by another race which itself can barely be understood due to manifold meanings in each message . In the Foreigner universe , Cherryh explores the interface between humans and Atevi , whose language relies on numerical values , causing the main character , Bren Cameron , to constantly calculate as he speaks the Atevi language , Ragi . Conversely , in The Simpsons , the fact that English is mutually understood by the show 's human and alien characters is noted as being `` an astonishing coincidence '' . Some stories , however , have alien beings speak near-unpronounceable tongues . Clark Ashton Smith , in one tale , has the sorcerer Eibon struggle to articulate the name of an alien , Hziulquoigmnzhah . Other works present detailed , concrete examples of the difficulty of learning alien languages due to linguistic relativity . In Mary Doria Russell 's philosophical/sci-fi novel The Sparrow , a linguist who travels to an alien planet as part of a Jesuit mission discovers a language with unique and ( at first ) incomprehensible tenses and conjugations . In Carl Sagan 's novel Contact ( and the subsequent film adaptation ) , a broadcast from an extraterrestrial source is discovered to contain multiple layers of encrypted messages . Ted Chiang 's short story `` Story of Your Life '' describes attempts to communicate with a technologically advanced alien species that has no apparent understanding of basic mathematics and physics . Other science fiction stories imagine communication through telepathy . There is for example the Vulcan mind meld in Star Trek . In the novel Ender 's Game , the `` Buggers '' are an alien species in which their queen can telepathically communicate with every member of her species , but no humans except Ender . The inability of the two species to effectively communicate serves as a critical element of the novel 's plot . Sheila Finch published a collection of short stories about first contact and alien communication , The Guild of Xenolinguists , ( Golden Gryphon Press ) , in 2007 . In 2008 , the game Dead Space introduced a form of alien language known as Unitology , for the religion that mainly uses it . Unitology is only shown to be written with no example or indication of a verbal dialect . In Futurama , a language exists called Alienese , which originates from an unspecified extraterrestrial source . At least one character has achieved an academic degree in xenolinguistics , which gives her the apparently rare skill of knowing how to translate between English and Alienese . In science-fiction movie Arrival scientists trying to understand aliens ' language and symbols Various works from the Cthulhu mythos of H.P. Lovecraft present short sentences , excerpts and text fragments in the language of the Old Gods , referred to as `` R'lyehian '' or `` Cthuvian '' by the fan base . Lovecraft provided translations for some of the texts and denoted Cthuvian as a thick , guttural language , but he never published any details on pronunciation and grammar , so it is not possible to communicate in Cthuvian . Based on the limited text resources , only few grammatical rules and vocabulary could be worked out by fans , which are mostly guesswork . There is no evidence that Lovecraft even had a concept for the structure of the language when writing it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96019d358482053b1db19107313c95f", "text": "Catherine Schell Catherine Schell ( born Katherina Freiin Schell von Bauschlott , 17 July 1944 ) is a Hungarian-born actress best known for her work in British television , in particular her portrayal of Maya in the science-fiction series Space : 1999 . Schell came to prominence in various British film and television productions of the 1960s and 1970s . Although she acted under the name `` Catherine von Schell '' and `` Katherina von Schell '' ( `` Schell '' is the family name ; `` von Bauschlott '' indicates the region of Germany where the Schell family originated ) early in her career , she is better known by the name `` Catherine Schell '' . She is not related to the Austrian-Swiss actor siblings Maximilian and Maria Schell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2d8d1f11427c79034d33932b464e996", "text": "Cyberpunk derivatives A number of cyberpunk derivatives have become recognized as distinct subgenres in speculative fiction . These derivatives , though they do not share cyberpunk 's computers-focused setting , may display other qualities drawn from or analogous to cyberpunk : a world built on one particular technology that is extrapolated to a highly sophisticated level ( this may even be a fantastical or anachronistic technology , akin to retro-futurism ) , a gritty transreal urban style , or a particular approach to social themes . The most successful of these subgenres , Steampunk , has been defined as a `` kind of technological fantasy '' , and others in this category sometimes also incorporate aspects of science fantasy and historical fantasy . Scholars have written of these subgenres ' stylistic place in postmodern literature , and also their ambiguous interaction with the historical perspective of postcolonialism . American author Bruce Bethke coined the term `` cyberpunk '' in his 1980 short story of the same name , proposing it as a label for a new generation of punk teenagers inspired by the perceptions inherent to the Information Age . The term was quickly appropriated as a label to be applied to the works of William Gibson , Bruce Sterling , John Shirley , Rudy Rucker , Michael Swanwick , Pat Cadigan , Lewis Shiner , Richard Kadrey , and others . Science fiction author Lawrence Person , in defining postcyberpunk , summarized the characteristics of cyberpunk thus : Classic cyberpunk characters were marginalized , alienated loners who lived on the edge of society in generally dystopic futures where daily life was impacted by rapid technological change , an ubiquitous datasphere of computerized information , and invasive modification of the human body . The relevance of cyberpunk as a genre to punk subculture is debatable and further hampered by the lack of a defined cyberpunk subculture ; where the small cyber movement shares themes with cyberpunk fiction and draws inspiration from punk and goth alike , cyberculture is much more popular though much less defined , encompassing virtual communities and cyberspace in general and typically embracing optimistic anticipations about the future . Cyberpunk is nonetheless regarded as a successful genre , as it ensnared many new readers and provided the sort of movement that postmodern literary critics found alluring . Furthermore , author David Brin argues , cyberpunk made science fiction more attractive and profitable for mainstream media and the visual arts in general .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d66db16d7792c63564ef23b94643b6b8", "text": "The Word Exchange The Word Exchange is a science fiction novel by Alena Graedon , published in 2014 . It is a dystopian thriller set in the not very distant future when the printed word has nearly vanished , technology dominates , and language has become a commodity . An online `` Word Exchange '' has taken the effort out of looking up words , a mere convenience until real dictionaries are no longer available . Then it becomes possible to corner the market for words . The novel has been translated into eight different languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3f4aad97b8568123f3da7ec05beaa3d", "text": "Science Fiction Quarterly Science Fiction Quarterly was an American pulp science fiction magazine that was published from 1940 to 1943 and again from 1951 to 1958 . Charles Hornig served as editor for the first two issues ; Robert A. W. Lowndes edited the remainder . Science Fiction Quarterly was launched by publisher Louis Silberkleit during a boom in science fiction magazines at the end of the 1930s . Silberkleit launched two other science fiction titles ( Science Fiction and Future Fiction ) at about the same time : all three ceased publication before the end of World War II , falling prey to slow sales and paper shortages . In 1950 and 1951 , as the market improved , Silberkleit relaunched Future Fiction and Science Fiction Quarterly . By the time Science Fiction Quarterly ceased publication in 1958 , it was the last surviving science fiction pulp . Science Fiction Quarterlys policy was to reprint a novel in each issue as the lead story , and Silberkleit was able to obtain reprint rights to two early science fiction novels and several of Ray Cummings ' books . Both Hornig and Lowndes were given minuscule budgets , and Hornig in particular had trouble finding good material to print . Lowndes did somewhat better , as he was able to call on his friends in the Futurians , a group of aspiring writers that included Isaac Asimov , James Blish , and Donald Wollheim . The second incarnation of the magazine also had a policy of running a lead novel , though in practice the lead stories were often well short of novel length . Among the better-known stories published by the magazine were `` Second Dawn '' , by Arthur C. Clarke ; `` The Last Question '' , by Isaac Asimov ; and `` Common Time '' , by James Blish .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0199029003492009e1a1a6ec589d7b62", "text": "Biopunk Biopunk ( a portmanteau of `` biotechnology '' or `` biology '' and `` punk '' ) is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on biotechnology . It is derived from cyberpunk , but focuses on the implications of biotechnology rather than information technology . Biopunk is concerned with synthetic biology . It is derived of cyberpunk involving bio-hackers , biotech mega-corporations , and oppressive government agencies that manipulate human DNA . Most often keeping with the dark atmosphere of cyberpunk , biopunk generally examines the dark side of genetic engineering and represents the low side of biotechnology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb1d01be2c6456ede6c910aaa1a4e42c", "text": "Human Nature (novel) Human Nature is an original novel written by Paul Cornell , from a plot by Cornell and Kate Orman , and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . The work began as fan fiction . The novel was later serialised in e-book form on the BBC Doctor Who website , but was removed from the site in 2010 . A prelude to the novel , also penned by Cornell , appeared in Doctor Who Magazine # 226 , and was also available on the BBC website . It was later adapted for TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e6999eb12570285be9714fa3aa9c02b", "text": "Crystal Singer series The Crystal Singer series is a series of science fiction novels by American writer Anne McCaffrey . The series is set on the planet Ballybran which is under a permanent biohazard travel restriction . Ballybran is home to one of the FSP 's wealthiest , yet most reclusive organizations -- the Heptite Guild . Source of invaluable crystals vital to various industries , the Heptite Guild is known to require absolute , perfect pitch in hearing and voice for all applicants , especially those seeking to mine crystal by song . Novels in the series are : Crystal Singer ( 1982 ) ISBN 0-345-32786-1 ( first published in four parts in Continuum 1 , 2 , 3 , & 4 , edited by Roger Elwood ) Killashandra ( 1986 ) ISBN 0-345-31600-2 ( includes a Brainship from the Ship series by the same author , in the same setting , in a minor role . This was not a main character in any novel . ) Crystal Line ( 1992 ) ISBN 0-345-38491-1 ( includes two indirect appears to Brainships from the Ship series noted above , although neither as a main character in any novel . One of them ( Brenden ) is the same Brainship from ` Killashandra ' ) . Also includes a reference to the first Brainship in the original series ( Helva ) , noting that her whereabouts were still unknown to humans at the point of reference in the Crystal Singer timeline . Category : Science fiction book series", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c1140c24331f16c628b5e38014c468a", "text": "Void Trilogy The Void Trilogy is a science fiction series by British author Peter F. Hamilton . The series is set in the same universe as The Commonwealth Saga , 1,200 years after the end of Judas Unchained . Peter F. Hamilton sold the American rights to the series to Random House . The three books are entitled The Dreaming Void , The Temporal Void and The Evolutionary Void . Hamilton posted a time line that links the Commonwealth Saga with the Void Trilogy , filling in the 1200-year gap between the two series . The series includes the following books : The Dreaming Void ( 2007 ) The Temporal Void ( 2008 ) The Evolutionary Void ( 2010 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5d7a8798c9a82b98669cdb87c3af6d2", "text": "Christopher Priest (novelist) Christopher Priest ( born 14 July 1943 ) is a British novelist and science fiction writer . His works include Fugue for a Darkening Island , Inverted World , The Affirmation , The Glamour , The Prestige and The Separation . Priest has been strongly influenced by the science fiction of H. G. Wells and in 2006 was appointed Vice-President of the international H. G. Wells Society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5442e329bf834f6eb37ccd435056d4a3", "text": "Technetium Technetium is a chemical element with symbol Tc and atomic number 43 . It is the lightest element whose isotopes are all radioactive ; none are stable . Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically , and only minute amounts are found in the Earth 's crust . Naturally occurring technetium is a spontaneous fission product in uranium ore or the product of neutron capture in molybdenum ores . The chemical properties of this silvery gray , crystalline transition metal are intermediate between rhenium and manganese . Many of technetium 's properties were predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev before the element was discovered . Mendeleev noted a gap in his periodic table and gave the undiscovered element the provisional name ekamanganese ( Em ) . In 1937 , technetium ( specifically the technetium-97 isotope ) became the first predominantly artificial element to be produced , hence its name ( from the Greek τεχνητός , meaning `` artificial '' , + - ium #Suffix ) . Its short-lived gamma ray-emitting nuclear isomer -- technetium-99m -- is used in nuclear medicine for a wide variety of diagnostic tests . Technetium-99 is used as a gamma-ray-free source of beta particles . Long-lived technetium isotopes produced commercially are by-products of fission of uranium-235 in nuclear reactors and are extracted from nuclear fuel rods . Because no isotope of technetium has a half-life longer than 4.2 million years ( technetium-98 ) , the 1952 detection of technetium in red giants , which are billions of years old , helped to prove that stars can produce heavier elements .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d5f20bd463260f19b73e74012ae875a", "text": "Libertarian science fiction Libertarian science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the politics and social order implied by libertarian philosophies with an emphasis on individualism and private ownership of the means of production -- and in some cases , no state whatsoever . As a category , libertarian fiction is unusual because the vast majority of its authors are self-identified as science fiction authors . This contrasts with the authors of much other social criticism who are largely academic or mainstream novelists who tend to dismiss any genre classification . The identification between libertarianism and science fiction is so strong that the U.S. Libertarian Party often has representatives at science fiction conventions and one of the highest profile authors currently in the subgenre of libertarian science fiction , L. Neil Smith , was the Arizona Libertarian Party 's 2000 candidate for the President of the United States . As a genre , it can be seen as growing out of the 1930s and 1940s when the science-fiction pulp magazines were reaching their peak at the same time as fascism and communism . While this environment gave rise to dystopian novels such as George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four , in the pulps , this influence more often give rise to speculations about societies ( or sub-groups ) arising in direct opposition to `` totalitarianism . '' Ayn Rand 's novel Atlas Shrugged is a strong ( perhaps the strongest ) influence with an anti-socialist attitude and an individualist ethic that echoes throughout the genre . Of more direct relevance to the science fiction end of this genre is Robert A. Heinlein 's The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress , which is highly regarded even by non-libertarian science fiction readers . An award for libertarian science fiction , the Prometheus Award , is given out every year . Some winners of the award identify as libertarians ( e.g. , L. Neil Smith , Victor Koman , Brad Linaweaver ) , while others do not ( Terry Pratchett , Charles Stross ) . Some other prominent libertarian science fiction authors include S. Andrew Swann and Michael Z. Williamson .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2eb8d891e6b312f96699133f0f5264f8	Jack Nicholson received the Kennedy Center Honor.	[ { "docid": "56b5ea9d4caa7e48cdefe7795d1afbf1", "text": "Jack Nicholson John Joseph `` Jack '' Nicholson ( born April 22 , 1937 ) is an American actor and filmmaker , who has performed for over 60 years . Nicholson is known for playing a wide range of starring or supporting roles , including satirical comedy , romance and dark portrayals of antiheroes and psychopathic characters . In many of his films , he has played the `` eternal outsider , the sardonic drifter , '' someone who rebels against the social structure . Nicholson 's 12 Academy Award nominations make him the most nominated male actor in the Academy 's history . Nicholson has won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice , one for the drama One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest ( 1975 ) and the other for the romantic comedy As Good as It Gets ( 1997 ) . He also won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the comedy-drama Terms of Endearment ( 1983 ) . Nicholson is one of three male actors to win three Academy Awards . Nicholson is one of only two actors to be nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to the 2000s ; the other is Michael Caine . He has won six Golden Globe Awards , and received the Kennedy Center Honor in 2001 . In 1994 , he became one of the youngest actors to be awarded the American Film Institute 's Life Achievement Award . Other films in which he has starred include the road movie Easy Rider ( 1969 ) , the drama Five Easy Pieces ( 1970 ) , the comedy-drama film The Last Detail ( 1973 ) , the neo-noir mystery film Chinatown ( 1974 ) , the drama The Passenger ( 1975 ) , and the epic film Reds ( 1981 ) . He played Jack Torrance in Stanley Kubrick 's horror film The Shining ( 1980 ) , the Joker in Tim Burton 's superhero film Batman ( 1989 ) , and Frank Costello in Martin Scorsese 's neo-noir crime drama The Departed ( 2006 ) . Other films include the legal drama A Few Good Men ( 1992 ) , the Sean Penn-directed mystery film The Pledge ( 2001 ) , and the comedy-drama About Schmidt ( 2002 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "57fa02595e2d219579ab7e8c4afddfd8", "text": "52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis . Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40ba4ecaac43844eff1bcd5527906104", "text": "Sunset Boulevard (film) Sunset Boulevard ( stylized onscreen as SUNSET BLVD. ) is a 1950 American film noir directed and co-written by Billy Wilder , and produced and co-written by Charles Brackett . It was named after the boulevard that runs through Los Angeles and Beverly Hills , California . The film stars William Holden as Joe Gillis , an unsuccessful screenwriter , and Gloria Swanson as Norma Desmond , a faded silent film star who draws him into her fantasy world where she dreams of making a triumphant return to the screen , with Erich von Stroheim as Max Von Mayerling , her devoted servant . Nancy Olson , Fred Clark , Lloyd Gough and Jack Webb play supporting roles . Director Cecil B. DeMille and gossip columnist Hedda Hopper play themselves , and the film includes cameo appearances by leading silent film actors Buster Keaton , H. B. Warner and Anna Q. Nilsson . Praised by many critics when first released , Sunset Boulevard was nominated for eleven Academy Awards ( including nominations in all four acting categories ) and won three . Deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the U.S. Library of Congress in 1989 , Sunset Boulevard was included in the first group of films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . In 1998 , it was ranked number twelve on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 best American films of the 20th century , and in 2007 , it was 16th on their 10th Anniversary list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be573e2e75b8c01565513d510a09ef68", "text": "Judgment at Nuremberg Judgment at Nuremberg is a 1961 American courtroom drama film directed by Stanley Kramer , written by Abby Mann and starring Spencer Tracy , Burt Lancaster , Richard Widmark , Maximilian Schell , Werner Klemperer , Marlene Dietrich , Judy Garland , William Shatner , and Montgomery Clift . Set in Nuremberg in 1948 , the film depicts a fictionalized version of the Judges ' Trial of 1947 , one of the twelve U.S. military tribunals during the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials . The film centers on a military tribunal led by Chief Trial Judge Dan Haywood ( Tracy ) , before which four German judges and prosecutors ( as compared to 16 defendants in the actual Judges ' Trial ) stand accused of crimes against humanity for their involvement in atrocities committed under the Nazi regime . The film deals with non-combatant war crimes against a civilian population , the Holocaust , and examines the post-World War II geopolitical complexity of the actual Nuremberg Trials . An earlier version of the story was broadcast as a television episode of Playhouse 90 . Schell and Klemperer played the same roles in both productions . In 2013 , Judgment at Nuremberg was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3f56123540da179ece607c09c505eb", "text": "48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . ) Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 . French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation . At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 . Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c619d2293ba377f5ba5c0116f39a3ff", "text": "VSA (Kennedy Center) VSA , is an international organization on arts , education and disability , which was founded in 1974 by former U.S. Ambassador to Ireland Jean Kennedy Smith , and is headquartered in Washington , DC . In 2011 , VSA became the Department of VSA and Accessibility at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts . The purpose of VSA -- which started out as Very Special Arts -- is `` to provide people of all ages living with disabilities the opportunity to learn through , participate in and enjoy the arts . '' A primary focus is on arts education opportunities for young people with disabilities and to `` promote the inclusion of people with disabilities in the arts , education and culture around the world . '' Each year , people of all ages and abilities participate in VSA programs , which cover all artistic genres -- music , dance , visual arts , theater and literary arts . This is accomplished through a network of affiliates in 52 countries and VSA state organizations across America . On September 28 , 2005 the Board of Trustees of the Kennedy Center and the Board of Directors of VSA arts -- as the organization was known at the time -- announced their formal affiliation , effective October 3 , 2005 . The stated purpose of this action was to `` enable both organizations to expand and strengthen their arts education programs to better serve children , families and all people with disabilities around the world . '' Other reasons cited were to allow for the sharing of resources and programming between the two organizations . The affiliation became a full merger in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74c200cd5554534b74ddc72869f441f6", "text": "John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald `` Jack '' Kennedy ( May 29 , 1917 -- November 22 , 1963 ) , commonly referred to by his initials JFK , was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963 . Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War , and much of his presidency focused on managing relations with the Soviet Union . He was a member of the Democratic Party who represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate prior to becoming president . Kennedy was born in Brookline , Massachusetts to Joseph P. Kennedy , Sr. and Rose Kennedy . A scion of the Kennedy family , he graduated from Harvard University in 1940 before joining the United States Naval Reserve the following year . During World War II , Kennedy commanded a series of PT boats in the Pacific theater and earned the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for his service . After the war , Kennedy represented Massachusetts 's 11th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1947 until 1953 . He was subsequently elected to the U.S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960 . While serving in the Senate , he published Profiles in Courage , which won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography . In the 1960 presidential election , Kennedy narrowly defeated Republican opponent Richard Nixon , who was the incumbent Vice President . Kennedy 's time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states in the Cold War . He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower . In April 1961 , he authorized a failed joint-CIA attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro in the Bay of Pigs Invasion . He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , U.S. spy planes discovered that Soviet missile bases had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of tensions , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , nearly resulted in the breakout of a global thermonuclear conflict . Domestically , Kennedy presided over the establishment of the Peace Corps and supported the Civil Rights Movement , but he was largely unsuccessful in passing his New Frontier domestic policies . Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians ' polls of U.S. presidents and with the general public . His average approval rating of 70 % is the highest of any president in Gallup 's history of systematically measuring job approval . On November 22 , 1963 , Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas , Texas . Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the crime , but he was never prosecuted due to his murder by Jack Ruby two days later . Pursuant to the Presidential Succession Act , Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as president later that day . The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin , but various groups believed that Kennedy was the victim of a conspiracy . After Kennedy 's death , many of his proposals were enacted , including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Revenue Act of 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c865b086a3607815cdb07fde783c4e06", "text": "Young Artist Award The Young Artist Award ( originally known as the Youth in Film Award ) is an accolade bestowed by the Young Artist Association , a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers , and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically and/or financially challenged . First presented in 1979 , the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film , television , theater and music . The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979 , at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season . The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony , honoring young performers of 2016 , was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles , California on March 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "088cb32deadfe1f8dc6f2a86e30d9a2a", "text": "Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic At his death in 1927 , Payne Whitney bestowed the funds to build and endow the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic ( PWC ) on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . An eight story free-standing hospital , it was immediately affiliated with Cornell University 's medical school ( now Weill Cornell Medical College or Weill Cornell Medicine ) and with the New York Hospital ( now New York -- Presbyterian Hospital ) , both of which are adjacent to PWC . Payne Whitney was a large donor to the Hospital and Medical College , and it has been an issue of long speculation why he chose a psychiatric building to be his primary naming opportunity at New York-Cornell . The poet Robert Lowell wrote of his hospitalization at Payne Whitney , Marilyn Monroe was hospitalized there in early 1961 , and Mary McCarthy based her book , The Group , on her inpatient experience . The poet James Schuyler wrote about his experiences there in the eleven-poem series `` The Payne Whitney Poems '' which appeared in the New York Review of Books , August 17 , 1978 issue . In Woody Allen 's 1979 film , Manhattan , a character named Caroline Payne Whitney Smith is featured in a comedy sketch , where she and her husband are considered `` normal folks , '' except for the fact that she is a catatonic . The Payne Whitney building itself was torn down in the early 1990s to make way for an expansion of the New York-Presbyterian Hospital over the FDR Drive . Since that time , all clinical and research services at the two primary Cornell psychiatric campuses -- in Manhattan and in White Plains , New York -- have been named after Payne Whitney . The clinic also has an outpatient and Continuing Day Treatment Program in an off-campus building at East 61st Street and York Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . Payne Whitney Clinic and Weill Cornell Medical College have been home to some of the most notable psychiatrists in the country . Currently-affiliated psychiatrists and psychologists include Jack Barchas , Robert Michels , Otto F. Kernberg , James Kocsis , George Makari , Michael Posner , William Breitbart , and Theodore Shapiro . Previously-affiliated psychiatrists include Arnold Cooper , Frederic Flach , Benjamin Spock , Gerald Klerman , Robert Millman , Louis Jolyon West , David Silbersweig , Harry Tiebout , Mary Jane Sherfey , Helen Singer Kaplan , Allen Frances , and Paul McHugh . Payne Whitney has also been the `` voluntary faculty '' home to Roy Schafer , Richard Isay , Gail Saltz , and Daniel Stern , and the recent home of such senior scholars as David A. Hamburg and Beatrix Hamburg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78c87a8c5f669a953b192ddb9fd690a0", "text": "Lew Irwin Lew Irwin has been a Los Angeles-based journalist for more than 50 years . He was the original anchor/reporter at KABC-TV from 1957 -- 1962 and the news director of Los Angeles radio stations KPOL , KRLA , KDAY , and KNX-FM . While at KRLA in the late 1960s , he created The Credibility Gap , a 15-minute news program , broadcast every three hours , that integrated topical satire and music with the news . He also has interviewed Presidents Harry Truman , John Kennedy , Lyndon Johnson , Dwight Eisenhower , and Ronald Reagan , as well as such show business personalities as The Beatles , the Rolling Stones , Frank Sinatra , David Bowie , Peter Sellers , Jack Nicholson , Dick Clark and Elvis Presley . He is the author of Sinatra , a Life Remembered , a coffee table book about Frank Sinatra and since 1992 has been the publisher/editor of the daily entertainment industry digest Studio Briefing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c976d65b495d1cfb59ff33ab6802bcdd", "text": "Stroker Ace Stroker Ace is a 1983 American action comedy film , directed by Hal Needham and filmed in North Carolina and Georgia . Burt Reynolds stars as the eponymous Stroker Ace , a NASCAR driver . The co-stars were Jim Nabors , Loni Anderson , Ned Beatty , Parker Stevenson , and Bubba Smith , with appearances by many NASCAR drivers , such as : Dale Earnhardt , Richard Petty , Neil Bonnett , Harry Gant , Terry Labonte , Kyle Petty , Benny Parsons , Tim Richmond , Ricky Rudd , Cale Yarborough , and announcers Ken Squier , David Hobbs , and Chris Economaki . The movie was filmed on location at Charlotte Motor Speedway , Talladega Superspeedway and the Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton , Georgia . The theme song was performed by Charlie Daniels . Burt Reynolds turned down the role of astronaut Garrett Breedlove in Terms of Endearment to do this film . The role went to Jack Nicholson , who went on to win an Academy Award . Reynolds said he made this decision because `` I felt I owed Hal more than I owed Jim '' but that it was a turning point in his career from which he never recovered . `` That 's where I lost them , '' he says of his fans . The movie was adapted from the 1974 novel Stand On It , an autobiography of fictional driver `` Stroker Ace . '' The novel 's joint authors , William Neely and Robert K. Ottum , based the book on actual events from the racing world but with their protagonist as the subject .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "013e3a2969fe4ac676b172d913553bf5", "text": "John Huston John Marcellus Huston ( -LSB- ˈhjuːstən -RSB- August 5 , 1906 -- August 28 , 1987 ) was an American film director , screenwriter and actor . He wrote the screenplays for most of the 37 feature films he directed , many of which are today considered classics : The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ) , The Treasure of the Sierra Madre ( 1948 ) , The Asphalt Jungle ( 1950 ) , The African Queen ( 1951 ) , The Misfits ( 1961 ) , Fat City ( 1972 ) and The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) . During his 46-year career , Huston received 15 Oscar nominations , won twice , and directed both his father , Walter Huston , and daughter , Anjelica Huston , to Oscar wins in different films . Huston was known to direct with the vision of an artist , having studied and worked as a fine art painter in Paris in his early years . He continued to explore the visual aspects of his films throughout his career : sketching each scene on paper beforehand , then carefully framing his characters during the shooting . While most directors rely on post-production editing to shape their final work , Huston instead created his films while they were being shot , making them both more economical and cerebral , with little editing needed . Most of Huston 's films were adaptations of important novels , often depicting a `` heroic quest , '' as in Moby Dick , or The Red Badge of Courage . In many films , different groups of people , while struggling toward a common goal , would become doomed , forming `` destructive alliances , '' giving the films a dramatic and visual tension . Many of his films involved themes such as religion , meaning , truth , freedom , psychology , colonialism and war . Before becoming a Hollywood filmmaker , he had been an amateur boxer , reporter , short-story writer , portrait artist in Paris , a cavalry rider in Mexico , and a documentary filmmaker during World War II . Huston has been referred to as `` a titan '' , `` a rebel '' , and a `` renaissance man '' in the Hollywood film industry . Author Ian Freer describes him as `` cinema 's Ernest Hemingway '' -- a filmmaker who was `` never afraid to tackle tough issues head on . '' Worked for Ethos Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8022c0b7e5c0b7429698a76c7a36910e", "text": "Junket Whore Junket Whore is a 1998 documentary film directed by Debbie Melnyk and hosted by Lauren Hutton . This revealing documentary explores the relationship between Hollywood 's publicists and the entertainment journalists . It also stars many Hollywood artists including Sylvester Stallone , Martin Short , Alicia Silverstone , Charlie Sheen , Hugh Grant , Ed Harris , Gérard Depardieu , Jack Nicholson , Brooke Shields , Matthew McConaughey , Ashley Judd , Sharon Stone , John Travolta , Kelly Preston , Emma Thompson , Arnold Schwarzenegger , Tom Cruise , Nicolas Cage , Clint Eastwood , Jim Carrey , Robert De Niro , Whoopi Goldberg , Robin Williams , Richard Gere , Antonio Banderas , Pauly Shore , Sean Connery , Julianne Moore , Madonna , and Anthony Hopkins . It was produced by Rick Caine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a12230bc07fa65b8a4ad81c99aec40d7", "text": "Rialto Pictures Rialto Pictures is a film distributor founded in 1997 by Bruce Goldstein . A year later , Adrienne Halpern joined him as partner . In 2002 , Eric Di Bernardo became the company 's National Sales Director . It was described as `` the gold standard of reissue distributors '' by Los Angeles Times/NPR film critic Kenneth Turan . In 1999 , Rialto received a special Heritage Award from the National Society of Film Critics , and in 2000 received a special award from the New York Film Critic 's Circle , presented to Goldstein and Halpern by Jeanne Moreau . The two co-presidents have each received the French Order of Chevalier of Arts and Letters . During the past decade , Rialto Pictures has become one of the great names in film distribution . In 2002 , the company released the critically acclaimed first-run film Murderous Maids , the chilling true story of two homicidal sisters , starring Sylvie Testud . Rialto celebrated a record-breaking 2004 with the previously unreleased , original 1954 Japanese version of Ishiro Honda 's Godzilla ; Peter Davis 's Oscar-winning and newly restored 1974 documentary Hearts and Minds ; and Gillo Pontecorvo 's groundbreaking The Battle of Algiers , one of 2004 's top-grossing foreign films . Rialto 's re-release of Alberto Lattuada 's Mafioso , a dark comedy from 1962 starring Alberto Sordi , was the unqualified highlight of the 2006 New York Film Festival . One of Rialto 's 2008 releases was Max Ophüls ' legendary film Lola Montès in a definitive new 35mm restoration , which was showcased to enormous acclaim at Cannes Film Festival and Telluride Film Festival and was the spotlight retrospective of the 2008 New York Film Festival . In 2009 , Rialto undertook the very first U.S. release of Jean-Luc Godard 's Made in U.S.A. , which could not be previously released due to rights issues , and also re-released Costa-Gavras ' Academy-Award winning thriller Z. Most recently , the San Francisco International Film Festival presented Goldstein with its prestigious Mel Novikoff Award . 2007 marked Rialto 's tenth anniversary , a milestone that was celebrated with a retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art in New York . Similar tributes were held at George Eastman House , in Rochester , New York ; the AFI Silver Theater in Washington , D.C. ; and the SIFF Theater in Seattle . In honor of the company 's anniversary , The Criterion Collection has issued a special gift box set containing ten films displaying the breadth of Rialto 's collection , including Army of Shadows , Au Hasard Balthazar , Band of Outsiders , Billy Liar , Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie , Mafioso , Murderous Maids , Rififi , The Third Man and Touchez pas au grisbi . The DVD box set was released under the name `` Ten Years of Rialto Pictures '' on October 28 , 2008 . Rialto Pictures also handles North American distribution for most of the back catalog of French film production and distribution company StudioCanal , including titles from the company 's Embassy Pictures and Carolco Pictures libraries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce1a3f70d390095ff21ce35d488a3d11", "text": "Chinatown (1974 film) Chinatown is a 1974 American neo-noir mystery film , directed by Roman Polanski from a screenplay by Robert Towne , starring Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway . The film was inspired by the California Water Wars , a series of disputes over southern California water at the beginning of the 20th century , by which Los Angeles interests secured water rights in the Owens Valley . The Robert Evans production , a Paramount Pictures release , was the director 's last film in the United States and features many elements of film noir , particularly a multi-layered story that is part mystery and part psychological drama . In 1991 , the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' and it is frequently listed as one of the greatest films of all-time . At the 47th Academy Awards , it was nominated for eleven Oscars , with Towne winning Best Original Screenplay . The Golden Globe Awards honored it for Best Drama , Best Director , Best Actor and Best Screenplay . The American Film Institute placed it second among mystery films in 2008 . A sequel , The Two Jakes , was released in 1990 , again starring Nicholson , who also directed , with Robert Towne returning to write the screenplay . The film failed to generate the acclaim of its predecessor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "246d6650165524edfd0b799dfd4312af", "text": "York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' . Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street . The Oscar Hammerstein Award is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years . Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6760042fe6ad26d6d86f3466aa2ad4c7", "text": "Kennedy Center Honors The Kennedy Center Honors is an annual honor given to those in the performing arts for their lifetime of contributions to American culture ( though recipients do not need to be U.S. citizens ) . The Honors have been presented annually since 1978 , culminating each December in a star-studded gala celebrating the Honorees in the Kennedy Center Opera House .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fef24d763f685ed1634ad089e037c11a", "text": "Top Gun Top Gun is a 1986 American romantic military action drama film directed by Tony Scott , and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer , in association with Paramount Pictures . The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps , Jr. , and was inspired by an article titled `` Top Guns '' published in California magazine three years earlier . The film stars Tom Cruise , Kelly McGillis , Val Kilmer , Anthony Edwards , and Tom Skerritt . Cruise plays Lieutenant Pete `` Maverick '' Mitchell , a young Naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier . He and his Radar Intercept Officer ( RIO ) Nick `` Goose '' Bradshaw ( Edwards ) are given the chance to train at the Navy 's Fighter Weapons School at Miramar in San Diego . Top Gun was released on May 16 , 1986 . Upon its release , the film received generally mixed reviews from film critics but many particularly praised the action sequences , the effects , the aerial stunts , and the acting performances with Cruise and McGillis receiving the most praise . Four weeks after release , the number of theaters showing it increased by 45 % . Despite its initial mixed critical reaction , the film was a huge commercial hit grossing $ 356 million against a production budget of only $ 15 million . With its success , the film became a cult film over the years and earned an IMAX 3D re-release in 2013 . Additionally , the film won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` Take My Breath Away '' performed by Berlin . In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1c1ca06192ac919112729dfa1d951aa4	The Proposal stars Craig T. Nelson.	[ { "docid": "e721e0dda39c3b1b2400094877eb7424", "text": "The Proposal (film) The Proposal is a 2009 American romantic comedy film directed by Anne Fletcher and written by Peter Chiarelli . The film stars Sandra Bullock and Ryan Reynolds , Betty White , Mary Steenburgen and Craig T. Nelson . The film was produced by Mandeville Films and released on June 19 , 2009 , in North America by Touchstone Pictures . The plot centers on a Canadian executive , Margaret Tate , who learns that she may face deportation from the U.S. because of her expired visa . Determined to retain her position as editor in chief of a publishing house , Tate convinces her assistant , Andrew Paxton , to temporarily act as her fiancé . Initially planning on resuming their lives after Tate resolves her visa issues , they appear to abandon those plans as their relationship intensifies . Development on the film began in 2005 , when Chiarelli wrote the film 's script . Principal filming occurred over a period of two months from March to May 2008 . The film received mixed reviews from critics , who criticized its script , but praised the chemistry between Bullock and Reynolds . The film was a box office success , grossing over $ 317 million worldwide , becoming the highest grossing romantic comedy film of 2009 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b65a3b6b8ad02d1d2ec8a92739274f33", "text": "Shaun Nelson Shaun Christopher Nelson ( born 22 March 1973 ) is an Australian politician . He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1998 to 2001 , representing the electorate of Tablelands . He was elected as one of 11 MPs of the One Nation Party at the 1998 state election , before resigning from the party to sit as an independent in February 1999 . He served out the remainder of his term before being defeated by One Nation candidate Rosa Lee Long at the 2001 election . He currently serves as a Maritime Warfare Officer in the Royal Australian Navy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "671ae2ccec7e4d6f5bce8b27a9b8843f", "text": "Alec Craig Alexander Younger Craig `` Alec '' Craig ( 30 March 1884 -- 25 June 1945 ) , was a Scottish character actor , particularly known for his roles in Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) and National Velvet ( 1944 ) . He was particularly known for portraying stereotypically tight-fisted Scotsmen . Alec Craig was born on 30 March 1884 in Dunfermline , Fife , Scotland , the son of James Chapman Craig and his wife Isabella . Craig died of tuberculosis on 25 June 1945 , aged 61 , in Glendale , California , US . He is buried there at Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7904d0bf1fdaa12ba16aa357309cf62e", "text": "Pat Nelson Patricia `` Pat '' Nelson née Black is a former provincial level politician from Alberta , Canada . As a member of the ruling Progressive Conservative Party of Alberta , she served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta for the Calgary Foothills electoral district from 1989 to 2004 . During this time she served as a minister in a number of portfolios : Energy , Economic Development and Tourism , Government Services , and Finance . She also served as Deputy Government House Leader and as a member of Treasury Board .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7b1f4b0a2b14056d2155e5872f978e2", "text": "Craig Mitnick Craig Mitnick is an American lawyer , broadcaster and businessman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b27929c4b7bac6ceb484494a970b986f", "text": "Scott Bryce Scott Macalister Bryce ( born January 6 , 1958 ) , sometimes credited as Scott M. Bryce , is an American film and television actor . Bryce is perhaps best known for his portrayal of Craig Montgomery on As the World Turns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ac0bb277876929e2b7911bfae45b2d0", "text": "Craig McConnell Craig ( Robert ) McConnell ( born 1978 ) is a Canadian music producer , film and television composer , and songwriter . His ten feature films have received theatrical distribution in over 50 countries . His music is also featured in more than 4000 episodes of television broadcasting in over 25 countries worldwide . His film scoring credits include Irvine Welsh 's Ecstasy ( from the author of Trainspotting ) , Textuality ( starring Jason Lewis ) , Animal 2 ( starring Ving Rhames ) and 5ive Girls ( starring Ron Perlman ) . For television , he has composed for international TV series such as Word Girl ( PBS ) , Wedding SOS ( Slice ) and Property Virgins ( HGTV ) . Along with partner Justin Forsley , he recently wrote the theme song and underscore for the sitcom Life With Boys , from the creators of Hannah Montana . In 2012 , he was nominated for `` Best Music '' at the 2012 British Independent Film Festival ( BIFF ) Awards for his work on Irvine Welsh 's Ecstasy . Craig is an award-winning songwriter and producer ( Winner , USA Songwriting Competition , Best R&B ) with credits in North America , Asia and Europe across many musical genres . Recent artists include Keshia Chante ( Tanjola/Universal ) , Raghav ( Fontana ) , Crystal Kay ( Epic/Sony ) , Chemistry ( DefStar/Sony ) and Juno-winner Divine Brown . McConnell holds a B.A.Sc from the University of Toronto ( Engineering Science ) and currently sits on the Board of Directors of the Screen Composers Guild of Canada . He is also the President of the production music company hard Music Design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80308aed8833e18cfe4a9fe075b6de83", "text": "The Big Tease The Big Tease is a 1999 comedy film starring Craig Ferguson , directed by Kevin Allen , and written by Ferguson and Sacha Gervasi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9655e7f640aa8ff5c4ffadcc3262172f", "text": "Craig Shoemaker Craig Shoemaker ( born November 15 , 1958 ) is an American comedian , writer , and voice actor . He is best known for his baritone-voiced character , The Lovemaster , which he routinely portrays in his comedy act . In 1997 he was named Funniest Male Stand-Up Comic at the American Comedy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74cefe22bd27d6f7dcd06ed2a885e128", "text": "Bruce Jay Nelson Bruce Jay Nelson ( January 19 , 1952 -- September 19 , 1999 ) was an American computer scientist best known as the inventor of the remote procedure call concept for computer network communications . Bruce Nelson graduated from Harvey Mudd College in 1974 , and went on to earn a master 's in computer science from Stanford University in 1976 , and a Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1982 . While pursuing his Ph.D. , he worked at Xerox PARC where he developed the concept of Remote Procedure Call ( RPC ) . He and his collaborator Andrew Birrell were awarded the 1994 Association for Computing Machinery ( ACM ) Software System Award for the work on RPC . In 1996 he joined Cisco Systems as Chief Science Officer . He died September 19 , 1999 due to complications from an aortic dissection , while on a business trip to Tel Aviv , Israel . In 2007 the Birrell and Nelson paper won an operating system hall of fame award from the ACM . Classmates and friends endowed a scholarship in his name at Carnegie Mellon . Harvey Mudd College also named a speaker series in his honor . He was an avid photographer , backpacker , free-diver and world traveler . His outgoing and eccentric personality included a fascination with crows , leading a friend to name his company `` Caw Networks '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f989b31194417efcb528494f8b7b56e2", "text": "A Simple Plan (film) A Simple Plan is a 1998 American neo-noir crime thriller film adapted by Scott B. Smith from his 1993 novel of the same name . Directed by Sam Raimi , the film stars Bill Paxton , Billy Bob Thornton and Bridget Fonda . Set in rural Minnesota , the story follows Hank Mitchell ( Paxton ) and his brother Jacob ( Thornton ) , who , along with Jacob 's friend Lou ( Brent Briscoe ) , discover a crashed plane containing $ 4.4 million in cash . The three men go to great lengths to keep the money a secret but begin to doubt each other 's trust , resulting in lies , deceit and murder . Development of the film began in 1993 before the novel was published . Mike Nichols purchased the film rights , and the project was picked up by an independent film studio , Savoy Pictures . After Nichols stepped down , the film adaptation became mired in development hell ; during the troubled pre-production , Ben Stiller and John Dahl turned down opportunities to direct the film . After Savoy closed in November 1995 , the project was sold to Paramount Pictures . John Boorman was hired to direct , but scheduling conflicts led to his replacement by Raimi . Principal photography began in January 1998 and concluded in March after 55 days ; filming took place in Wisconsin and Minnesota . The score was produced and composed by Danny Elfman . A Simple Plan premiered at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival , where it was met with critical acclaim . The film 's appearance at the festival preceded a limited release in the United States on December 11 , 1998 , followed by a general release in North America on January 22 , 1999 . It underperformed at the North American box office , grossing $ 16.3 million on a $ 17 million production budget . Reviewers praised various aspects of the film 's production , including the storytelling , performances and Raimi 's direction . A Simple Plan earned multiple awards and nominations , among them two Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor ( Thornton ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( Smith ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d04aed5c5e72aa4af31e13fed0260554", "text": "It Takes a Church It Takes a Church is an American dating game show hosted by Natalie Grant and broadcast by Game Show Network . The show travels to multiple churches across the country looking for single members of congregations looking for a partner . The congregation of the church is primarily in charge of looking at potential daters and judging which one would be the best match . The first season , sponsored by Christian Mingle , began airing on June 5 , 2014 . The series was later renewed for a second season , which began airing March 26 , 2015 . The series received mixed reviews ; one critic gave the series an `` Amen ! '' while another argued the viewers should `` pass '' on watching it . Ratings for the first season provided 6 million total viewers for the eight episodes , while the second season saw a decline in the ratings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7054b0d6807d5d1b5eef222dad3e7006", "text": "Ed Nelson Edwin Stafford `` Ed '' Nelson ( December 21 , 1928 -- August 9 , 2014 ) was an American actor , best known for his role as Dr. Michael Rossi in the ABC television series Peyton Place . Nelson appeared in episodes of many television programs , more than fifty motion pictures , and hundreds of stage productions . Until 2005 , he had been teaching acting and screenwriting in New Orleans at two local universities there . Hurricane Katrina prompted him to move his family far to the north to Sterlington , Louisiana . At the time of his death , however , he had relocated to Greensboro , North Carolina , where he had been in hospice care . He died at age 85 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097d2e4cbd278542acd22ae5e9b45657", "text": "Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City . Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death . Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2841da349b9091a7e21593843392b550", "text": "Proposal (business) A business proposal is a written offer from a seller to a prospective buyer . Business proposals are often a key step in the complex sales process -- i.e. , whenever a buyer considers more than price in a purchase . A proposal puts the buyer 's requirements in a context that favors the seller 's products and services , and educates the buyer about the capabilities of the seller in satisfying their needs . The professional organization devoted to the advancement of the art and science of proposal development is the Association of Proposal Management Professionals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "365548fd90daa64fde134e75b7b5175a", "text": "Nelson (opera) Nelson is an opera in 3 acts by Lennox Berkeley to a libretto by Alan Pryce-Jones . The opera centres on the love affair of Horatio Nelson , 1st Viscount Nelson and Emma , Lady Hamilton . Completed in 1951 , it was first performed in full in 1954 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b1810e20c47ffb43c81cbaf37e93688", "text": "Love Don't Cost a Thing (film) Love Do n't Cost a Thing ( stylized as Love Do n't Co $ t a Thing ) is a 2003 American teen comedy film written and directed by Troy Beyer and starring Nick Cannon and Christina Milian . It also stars Steve Harvey , Kenan Thompson and Kal Penn. . The film is a remake of the 1987 film Ca n't Buy Me Love .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "385ba6c133cbac68cc13269ab9de37f9", "text": "Robert T. Craig Robert T. Craig is a communication theorist from the University of Colorado , Boulder who received his BA in Speech at the University of Wisconsin -- Madison , and his MA and PhD in communication from Michigan State University . Craig was on the 1988 founding board of the journal `` Research on Language and Social Interaction , '' a position he continues to hold . From 1991 to 1993 Craig was the founding editor of the International Communication Association journal `` Communication Theory '' which has been in continuous publication since 1991 . He is currently the editor for the ICA Handbook series . In 2009 Craig was elected as a Lifetime Fellow for the International Communication Association , an organization he was president for in 2004 -- 2005 . Craig 's work `` Communication Theory as a Field '' received the Best Article Award from the International Communication Association as well as the Golden Anniversary Monograph Award from the National Communication Association . That work has since been translated into French and Russian . The theory presented in `` Communication Theory as a Field '' has become the basis of the book `` Theorizing Communication '' which Craig co-edited with Heidi Muller , as well as being adopted by several other communication theory textbooks as a new framework for understanding the field of communication theory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81763616bb35d94fddb240d5f4ad6b9f", "text": "Craig Veroni Craig Veroni is a South African born Canadian actor from Vancouver .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e79dbd186dbe4bd7550d0ac7f223936a", "text": "Oscar Martinez (The Office) Oscar San Juan Martinez is a fictional character from the US mockumentary-style television series The Office played by Cuban actor Oscar Nunez . Martinez was one of the few openly gay characters in broadcast television at the time that the series aired . Although Nunez , who is straight , did not know his character might be gay when he first signed on , he has no issues with the character 's sexuality as long as the material is funny . For the 2006 -- 2007 season , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported he was the only LGBT ( lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender ) person of color character on a regular series . For the 2007 -- 2008 season he was the `` only remaining gay character on a half-hour comedy program '' and the only LGBT lead or supporting character who is a person of color . For the 2009 -- 2010 season , Martinez was one of four people of color LGBT regular series characters ; in 2010 -- 2011 there were six and in 2011 -- 2012 there were five.Along with doctor Callie Torres on Grey 's Anatomy , and gay nurse Angel Garcia on Mercy , Martinez are Latino/a , and forensic facial reconstruction artist Angela Montenegro on Bones , is an Asian-Pacific Islander . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's 14th Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2009-2010 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Jonathan Rosales , Callan Koenig , Brian MacKough , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2009-2010 season there are zero black LGBT series regular characters and one non-human , American Dad 's Roger the alien on Fox . For the 2009-2010 season , LGBT media watchdog group Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported 3 percent of all regular characters were LGBT . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) An increase from 2.6 percent in the 2008-2009 season and 1.1 percent in the 2007-2008 season . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) For the 2010-2011 season there were six LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2010-2011 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Matthew Kane , Lauren Mattia , Rob Avruch , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2011-2012 season there were five LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2011-2012 Primetime Television Season , September 2011 , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) Martinez is an accountant at the Scranton , Pennsylvania , office of the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin and gets his first name from Núñez ; series producer Greg Daniels felt that `` Oscar '' sounded like a good accountant 's name . He is a first-generation Mexican American . He is also openly gay after being outed by his then boss Michael Scott in `` Gay Witch Hunt '' , the third-season premiere episode devoted to the outing . However , the character was implied to be gay in the second-season episode `` The Secret '' , when Dwight catches him faking sickness to spend the day with his boyfriend ( Dwight remains oblivious to this detail as he was obsessed with proving that Oscar was not ill ) . As a result , in earlier episodes , many co-workers erroneously attribute to him various Mexican stereotypes ( e.g. being involved in drug cartels ) but after his outing , his stereotypes are more focused on his being gay , particularly by Michael , which may explain their conflicted relationship . Núñez explained in a 2008 interview that the character variously feels amusement , pity and hatred towards his fictional boss . He has no specific counterpart in the original British series . Oscar is known for being a rational , quietly efficient , and intellectual worker in the office , often the one who will ask pointed financial questions that his colleagues will not or that Michael avoids answering . Martinez refers to himself as being in the `` Coalition for Reason '' with Jim and Pam Halpert . According to Núñez , the three `` are there to set up the comic situations '' for boss Michael and Dwight Schrute , Michael 's toady . He explained , `` We can still be funny but we are definitely the ` straight guys ' . '' He is often the one who is able to clearly see the reality and logic in situations , including financial ones such as when Michael started up his own paper company or Ryan Howard 's online startup business . Because of this , Oscar is considered to be a know-it-all by many of his co-workers . Oscar is frequently exasperated by the antics of his coworkers and tends to find their humor offensive . He is reserved , not really exhibiting a desire for close contact with any of his co-workers , although he is friendly when not outwardly pedantic . In an AfterElton.com interview , Núñez explained he plays the character like an accountant , who happens to be gay , and just trying to do his work and not really interested in what the documentarians are filming . Actor Núñez references the character as a Log Cabin Republican , though no mention of this has occurred in the show . In the episode `` Dwight Christmas '' , he is in fact openly acknowledged as a Democrat . His more balanced and normal personality makes him an everyman type character , contrasting with the generally extroverted people with whom he works . He 's also a charter member of the company 's three-person ( and exclusive ) `` Finer Things Club '' with Pam and Toby Flenderson . He and co-worker Kevin Malone seem to have a strong friendship with each other , often a dynamic where Oscar is often the calm , rational one while Kevin is the fun-loving one .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f3384e85a56aec0e39571ec17cb9717", "text": "Stuart Craig Norman Stuart Craig ( born 14 April 1942 ) is a noted British production designer . He has also designed the sets , together with his frequent collaborator set decorator , the late Stephenie McMillan , on all of the Harry Potter films to date . At Potter author J. K. Rowling 's request , he worked with Universal Creative team to design the Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal 's Islands of Adventure theme park . Rowling said in a December 2007 interview on the Potter podcast PotterCast , `` The key thing for me was that , if there was to be a theme park , that Stuart Craig ... would be involved . ... More than involved , that he would pretty much design it . Because I love the look of the films ; they really mirror what 's been in my imagination for all these years '' . He has been nominated for 10 Academy Awards , and has won three : in 1982 for Gandhi , in 1988 for Dangerous Liaisons , and in 1996 for The English Patient . He has been nominated for a BAFTA award fourteen times , including for first six and last Potter film , and has won twice : in 1980 for The Elephant Man and in 2005 for Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire . Stuart Craig has been nominated for a BAFTA Award for consecutive six films in a row , viz . for consecutive first six Harry Potter films . For his work on The English Patient , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , Harry Potter and Order of the Phoenix , Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince , and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1 and Part 2 , Craig was nominated for an Art Directors Guild award and won the same for The English Patient and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2 . The Guild has also honored Craig with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the awards ceremony on 16 February 2008 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
790495ccd5630d868a65d259850c4885	Maya Rudolph appeared in a film.	[ { "docid": "29329dccea3fd32a4e34243648cf3f05", "text": "Maya Rudolph Maya Khabira Rudolph ( born July 27 , 1972 ) is an American actress , comedian , and singer . After becoming a member of The Groundlings improv troupe in the late 1990s , Rudolph joined the NBC television series Saturday Night Live , on which she was a cast member from 2000 to 2007 . She then ventured into film , appearing in 50 First Dates ( 2004 ) and A Prairie Home Companion ( 2006 ) . Since leaving Saturday Night Live , Rudolph has appeared in Grown Ups ( 2010 ) , Bridesmaids ( 2011 ) , Grown Ups 2 ( 2013 ) and Sisters ( 2015 ) . She has also lent her voice to the animated films Shrek the Third ( 2007 ) and Big Hero 6 ( 2014 ) . In addition to her film appearances , Rudolph also starred as Ava Alexander on the NBC sitcom Up All Night from 2011 to 2012 , and co-hosted her own variety show Maya & Marty .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a6b9d634b1c09fb1eda308173681d04f", "text": "Black Christmas (2006 film) Black Christmas ( abbreviated as Black X-Mas ) is a 2006 American-Canadian slasher film written and directed by Glen Morgan and starring Katie Cassidy , Michelle Trachtenberg , Mary Elizabeth Winstead , Oliver Hudson , Lacey Chabert , Kristen Cloke , and Andrea Martin . The film takes place several days before Christmas , and tells the story of a group of sorority sisters who are stalked and murdered by the house 's former inhabitants during a winter storm . It is a loose remake of the 1974 film of the same name . The film was produced by Morgan and James Wong through their production company Hard Eight Pictures , along with 2929 Productions and Dimension Films , while Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer distributed the film . In December 2006 , upon anticipation of its premiere , the film garnered some criticism from religious groups due to its graphic content in a holiday setting , as well as the distributor 's decision to release the film on Christmas Day in the United States . The film opened in the United Kingdom on December 15 , 2006 , and , despite backlash from some religious organizations , opened in US theaters on Christmas Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa546c5ddfbca50f2cd6f3daaa8ffb48", "text": "Life of the Party (2018 film) Life of the Party is an upcoming comedy film directed by Ben Falcone and written by Falcone and Melissa McCarthy . The film stars McCarthy , Maya Rudolph , Molly Gordon , Julie Bowen , Gillian Jacobs , Debby Ryan , Matt Walsh and Jacki Weaver . Produced by On the Day , the film is scheduled to be released May 11 , 2018 , by Warner Bros. . Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "597f95503750bb9be9c41671c95076a4", "text": "Mayan Renaissance Mayan Renaissance is a 2012 American documentary film by director Dawn Engle about the Maya peoples of Guatemala and Central America . It describes the ancient Maya civilization , the conquest by Spain during the 1520s , hundreds of years of oppression , and the modern struggle by Mayans for self-determination and a Mayan renaissance . Its première screening at the United Nations Headquarters was on 16 May 2012 and its broadcast première on Colorado Public Television was on 6 June 2012 . The film contains interviews of 1992 Nobel Peace Prize winner , Rigoberta Menchú , a Mayan indigenous rights activist and politician , and other Guatemalan and foreign contributors . It was awarded the Best Colorado Filmmaker Documentary Award at The Film Festival of Colorado in July 2012 . The documentary is the first of a planned ten-part Nobel Legacy Film Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65b53075eeb5e47d40d626b6267347b9", "text": "Gothika Gothika is a 2003 American psychological horror thriller film directed by Mathieu Kassovitz and written by Sebastian Gutierrez . Halle Berry plays a psychiatrist in a women 's mental hospital who wakes up one day to find herself on the other side of the bars , accused of having murdered her husband . The film was first released on November 21 , 2003 in the United States . At the time of its release , Gothika was the most successful film from Dark Castle Entertainment , with a worldwide gross of $ 141.6 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f7deadfaa275f35ce9b3aaac7d2ac1", "text": "Déjà Vu (2006 film) Déjà Vu ( stylised onscreen without accents ) is a 2006 American science fiction thriller film directed by Tony Scott , written by Bill Marsilii and Terry Rossio , and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer . The film stars Denzel Washington , Paula Patton , Jim Caviezel , Val Kilmer , Adam Goldberg and Bruce Greenwood . It involves an ATF agent who travels back in time in attempts to prevent a domestic terrorist attack that takes place in New Orleans and to save a woman with whom he falls in love . Filming took place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina . The film was premiered in New York City on November 20 , 2006 , and released widely in the United States and Canada two days later on November 22 , 2006 . It received mixed reviews from critics , and earning $ 64 million in the United States and $ 180 million worldwide . It was the 23rd most successful film worldwide for 2006 . The film was nominated for five awards , and also won the Golden Reel Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a1317743267e9ef1805687b853de4f5", "text": "A Haunted House 2 A Haunted House 2 is a 2014 American horror comedy film directed by Michael Tiddes and starring Marlon Wayans . The film is the sequel to the 2013 film A Haunted House . Produced by IM Global Octane and distributed by Open Road Films , the film was released on April 18 , 2014 . The film received negative reviews , and earned over $ 23 million at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ceb8cced6dc9e99d28426f9a00b0859e", "text": "Mayabazar (2008 film) Mayabazar is a 2008 Malayalam film by Thomas Sebastian with Mammootty in the lead role . Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy were initially named as the music directors but was later replaced by Rahul Raj , whose folkish score from Annan Thambi impressed the director . The movie bombed at the box office . Mayabazar was dubbed in to Telugu language as Nenunnanu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4659816ae4a7022ec664175b8f7b740", "text": "Sin dejar huella Without a Trace , Leaving No Trace ( Sin Dejar Huella ) is a 2000 Mexican film directed by Maria Novaro starring Tiaré Scanda , Aitana Sánchez-Gijón Jesús Ochoa , José Sefamí , Martín Altomaro , Juan Manuel Bernal , Walberto Goldstein . In the film , Ana , a fake Mayan art smuggler , and Aurelia , a maquiladora worker , flee from Ciudad Juárez , Chihuahua in Northern Mexico and those who pursue them to Cancún in the Yucatán peninsula province of Quintana Roo . The two women fight , murder , run , and become an odd couple of friends as they run from the Federales and an ex-boyfriend narcotics trafficker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e18eb3f22cc3815abc1f78bb04faf81", "text": "Mayabazar (disambiguation) Mayabazar is a 1957 Indian bilingual film . It may also refer to : Sasirekha Parinayam ( 1936 ) , also known as Mayabazar Mayabazar ( 1995 film ) Maya Bazaar ( 1995 film ) Mayabazar ( 2006 film ) Mayabazar ( 2008 film )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d24a144c7f04156412424f0c54ed639d", "text": "Good Kids Good Kids is an American comedy film written and directed by Chris McCoy , the project McCoy 's first feature-length film . The film stars Nicholas Braun , Zoey Deutch , Mateo Arias , Dayo Okeniyi , Julia Garner , and Ashley Judd . The film was released in a limited release and through video on demand on October 21 , 2016 , by Vertical Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f317d460471d0bdf1f9e75bdeb1ba94", "text": "United Office Building United Office Building , now known as the Giacomo , is a historic Mayan Revival , a subset of art deco , skyscraper located in Niagara Falls , New York , US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15616aa44f9461f359e576cba1d20a63", "text": "Arizona (1931 film) Arizona is a 1931 American Pre-Code drama film directed by George B. Seitz and starring Laura La Plante , John Wayne and June Clyde . It is one of several films based on Augustus Thomas 's 1899 play of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39f6e9db6441a5711400a86fda4ac050", "text": "Jungle Goddess Jungle Goddess is a 1948 American action/adventure crime film starring George Reeves , Ralph Byrd , and Wanda McKay . Directed by Lewis D. Collins , the film was based on an idea by producer William Stephens . Jungle Goddess was later featured in a Season 2 episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cefc2b4d209805028b4fd78520569aae", "text": "The Shaggy Dog (1994 film) The Shaggy Dog is a 1994 American made-for-television fantasy-comedy film and a remake of the 1959 film of the same name produced by Walt Disney Television which premiered on November 12 , 1994 as part of The Wonderful World of Disney . It is the first in a series of four remakes of classic Disney films produced for broadcast on ABC during the 1994 -- 95 television season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e9f969988ddc8e8ab402bf2c688e960", "text": "Rudolph Maté Not to be confused with cinematographer Russell Metty . Rudolph Maté , born Rudolf Mayer ( 21 January 1898 -- 27 October 1964 ) , was a Polish American cinematographer , film director and film producer who worked as cameraman and cinematographer in Hungary , Austria , Germany , France and the United Kingdom , before moving to Hollywood in the mid 1930s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a56cb2b9da7124bf3919cb110f68348", "text": "Baka Bukas Baka Bukas is a 2016 Philippine romantic drama independent film written , co-produced , and directed by Samantha Lee on her directorial debut . Starring Jasmine Curtis-Smith and Louise delos Reyes , the film tells the story of Alex ( Curtis-Smith ) , a lesbian who started falling for her best friend Jess ( delos Reyes ) . The film had its first showing at the 2016 Cinema One Originals film festival , where it won the Audience Choice Award , Best Sound , and Best Actress award for Curtis-Smith . In 2017 , Star Cinema acquired distribution rights for the film along with another LGBT-themed film 2 Cool 2 Be 4gotten ; it had a wide release on March 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6af8c4ef8c46fc52af3d69c61626dbfb", "text": "Secrets of the Magic City Secrets of the Magic City is an American comedy drama film written and directed by R. Malcolm Jones . The film stars Jenifer Lewis , Jamie Hector , Keith David , and Erika Alexander . Many scenes from the motion picture had been filmed in earlier years ( such as the scene which included boy band , Mindless Behavior ) , but was n't released until June 26 , 2015 , by New Revolution Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5770703cfdadc6504efad8918d7372f", "text": "The Santa Clause (film series) The Santa Clause is a series of comedy films starring Tim Allen . The film series began with The Santa Clause ( 1994 ) . It was followed by The Santa Clause 2 ( 2002 ) and The Santa Clause 3 : The Escape Clause ( 2006 ) . The series experienced a diminishing critical reception with each subsequent film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1af03b63d03a923361788a1c057feb73", "text": "The Legend of Valentino The Legend of Valentino is a 1975 American television film written and directed by Melville Shavelson . It deals with real life events about the actor and sex symbol of the 1920s Rudolph Valentino . It was broadcast by ABC on November 23 , 1975 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cc08d87b11730864bbc886fa7232815", "text": "Macumba Love Macumba Love is a 1960 American voodoo horror film shot in Brazil that was directed by Douglas Fowley and written by Norman Graham . The film stars Walter Reed , Ziva Rodann , William Wellman Jr. , June Wilkinson and Ruth de Souza . The film was released in June 1960 , by United Artists .", "title": "" } ]	fever
1c5600783ea6178193b09eb7c590645c	Just Dance endured just about five months on the Billboard Hot 100.	[ { "docid": "92044002af5e7897e86df5886dea3399", "text": "Just Dance (song) `` Just Dance '' is the debut single by American singer Lady Gaga . The song was produced by RedOne and co-written by RedOne , Gaga and Akon , while also featuring labelmate Colby O'Donis . It was released in 2008 as the lead single from Gaga 's debut studio album , The Fame . The song was written by Gaga in ten minutes as `` a happy record '' . `` Just Dance '' also has influences of R&B and lyrically speaks about being intoxicated at a club . The song received positive reviews from music critics , who complimented its club anthem-like nature and the synthpop associated with it . The song topped the charts in the United States , Australia , Canada , the Republic of Ireland , the Netherlands and the United Kingdom , as well as reaching the top ten in many other countries . In the United States , `` Just Dance '' was a sleeper hit , spending almost five months on the Billboard Hot 100 before finally reaching the summit of the chart in January 2009 , after being released in April 2008 . The single is among the best-selling singles of all time , having sold over 10 million copies . The music video of the song portrayed Lady Gaga appearing in a party where she plays the song , prompting party-goers to start dancing in enjoyment . Gaga compared her experience of shooting the video with being on a Martin Scorsese set . `` Just Dance '' was performed by Gaga in a number of live appearances including all of her concert tours . In 2009 , the song received a Grammy nomination in the Best Dance Recording category but lost to electronic duo Daft Punk for their song `` Harder , Better , Faster , Stronger ( Alive 2007 ) '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4ec6fb1bf8b948c58bcf132738883271", "text": "Just Do It Just Do It ( stylized as JUST DO IT . ) is a trademark of shoe company Nike , and one of the core components of Nike 's brand . The slogan was coined in 1988 at an advertising agency meeting . The founder of Wieden + Kennedy agency , Dan Wieden credits the inspiration for his `` Just Do It '' Nike slogan to Gary Gilmore 's last words : `` Let 's do it . '' The `` Just Do It '' campaign allowed Nike to further increase its share of the North American domestic sport-shoe business from 18 % to 43 % , ( from $ 877 million to $ 9.2 billion in worldwide sales ) from 1988 to 1998 . In many Nike-related situations , `` Just Do It '' appears alongside the Nike logo , known as the Swoosh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdf72bed121c7b430515d89d7b73ff5a", "text": "Keep Givin' Me Your Love `` Keep Givin ' Me Your Love '' is a 1994 song by the musician CeCe Peniston , originally from her studio album Thought ` Ya Knew . While in the US , it was issued as the fifth single release in 1995 , in the UK the song was released as the second single ( in 1994 ) . After peaking at number thirty-six in the UK Top 75 in April 1994 , the single reached at number four on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart in March 1995 , and was Peniston 's first song that failed to enter the US Billboard Hot 100 , stopping at number one hundred-one ( number one on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart . The song was also classified the Billboard Hot Dance Breakouts number one in the category of Maxi-Singles Sales on March 4 and the Billboard Hot Dance Breakouts number three for the category of Club Play Singles on January 21 , 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "637a0132a479d3fef8eff77e45abc286", "text": "Dance Away `` Dance Away '' is a song by the English rock band Roxy Music . Released in April 1979 , it was the second single to be taken from their album Manifesto , and became one of the band 's most famous songs , reaching number 2 in the UK and spending a total of 14 weeks on the charts , the longest chart residency of a Roxy Music single . Although it did not make number 1 , it became the ninth biggest selling single in the UK in 1979 . It did make it to number 1 on the Irish Singles Chart and held that position for one week . `` Dance Away '' was originally written by Bryan Ferry for his 1977 solo album In Your Mind , but did not make the final track listing . It was then planned for inclusion on his 1978 album The Bride Stripped Bare , but again was not included . It was finally completed and released on Roxy Music 's Manifesto , the band 's first studio album in four years . The single version was a different shorter edit and mix compared to the original album version . As with their next single `` Angel Eyes '' , the single version of `` Dance Away '' replaced the album version in subsequent releases . While the 1999 re-mastered version of the `` Manifesto '' album restored the original version of `` Angel Eyes '' , it still retained the single mix of `` Dance Away '' in place of the original , making the Thrill of It All box set the only release on which the LP version of the song could be found , until the release of the box set The Complete Studio Recordings 1972-1982 in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a4d9118ff5e1f0ecacdfc142eb3f4df", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1997 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical sales and airplay . There were nine singles that peaked atop the charts , but if `` Un-Break My Heart '' is excluded from the count ( for the song started its peak in the previous year ) , the total would be eight , the second lowest for a single year , tied with 1996 and subsequently , 2005 . The longest running number-one single of 1997 is `` Candle in the Wind 1997 '' / `` Something About the Way You Look Tonight '' , which logged 14 weeks at the top of the Billboard Hot 100 . Two of those weeks were logged in 1998 while the remaining 12 were attained in 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b821800b20becfab62255448f879c6d4", "text": "Colby O'Donis Colby O'Donis ( born Colby O'Donis Colón ; March 14 , 1989 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor and record producer . He is best known as a featured artist in the Lady Gaga single `` Just Dance '' , which spent more than eleven months on the Billboard Hot 100 . He is also well known for his lead single on his debut album Colby O titled `` What You Got '' featuring Akon , which peaked at number 14 on the Hot 100 , and being featured on Akon 's song `` Beautiful '' , which peaked at number 19 on the Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4a9dd23afa404a404705c6a1ba8ede6", "text": "Now That's What I Call Music! 37 (U.S. series) Now That 's What I Call Music ! 37 was released on February 8 , 2011 . The album is the 37th edition of the ( U.S. ) Now ! series . Seven tracks selected for the album were number-one hits on the Billboard Hot 100 : `` Love The Way You Lie '' , `` Just the Way You Are '' , `` Firework '' , `` Raise Your Glass '' , `` We R Who We R '' , `` Only Girl ( In The World ) '' and `` Like a G6 '' . Now ! 37 debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 albums chart with first week sales of 151,000 , the biggest week for any US-released Now album since Now ! 31 started at number one with 169,000 in July 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3af91b88ac2134d00e485e0f6ea57410", "text": "Twenty Five (album) Twenty Five is a greatest hits album by George Michael released on 2006 , celebrating the 25th anniversary of his music career . It was released on 13 November 2006 by Sony BMG . It debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and number 23 on the Billboard 200 , and it reached the top 20 on most other album charts . After Michael 's death in December 2016 , the album re-entered the Billboard 200 at a new peak position of number 12 . The album mostly contains songs from Michael 's solo career , but also from his earlier days with Wham ! . The album is sold in two formats : a 2-CD set and a limited edition 3-CD set . The 2-CD set contains 26 tracks , including four recorded with Wham ! and three new songs : `` An Easier Affair '' , `` This Is Not Real Love '' ( a duet with the British singer Mutya Buena ) and a new version of `` Heal the Pain '' , recorded with Paul McCartney . The limited edition 3-CD version contains an additional 14 lesser known tracks , including one with Wham ! and another new song called `` Understand '' . The 2-CD version was released in the United States on 1 April 2008 , with two changes : `` Feeling Good '' replaced the Wham ! track `` Freedom '' , and `` The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face '' ( from Songs from the Last Century ) replaced `` Round Here '' , a track from Patience that was not released as a single in the US . A 3-CD limited deluxe version was released in the United States exclusively by Best Buy . The track listing for the third CD is the same as the international version , but unlike the 2-CD US version , it includes `` Freedom '' instead of `` Feeling Good '' . The 3-CD version is packaged in a digipak . It includes a 36-page colour booklet with lyrics for every track , along with screen shots from the videos for most of the tracks on the first two CDs . A Twenty Five DVD was also released .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e5a5dbced6b3b50e237e1a1c213bbbd", "text": "Le ballet (Celine Dion song) `` Le ballet '' ( meaning `` The Ballet '' ) is a radio single by Celine Dion from her album D'eux . It was released in January 1996 in France and was immediately a huge radio hit , ranking as the 6th most economically profitable song of 1996 in France . `` Le ballet '' is a bluesy groove song , with percussive finger snaps , harmonica and electric guitar that shows Dion singing blues for first time . The song is an example of D'eux style that was influenced by continental pop , folk music , jazz and 1970s soul . Written and produced by Jean-Jacques Goldman this track is considered an example of Goldman 's handling of mature topics and feelings and is known for Dion 's imitations of instruments . Starting in her D'eux Tour in 1995 , and featured on the Live à Paris album , she used an extended version of this song to introduce all her band members . She performed the song similarly on her Falling Into You Around the World Tour . There was no video made for the song . `` Le ballet '' was included as the B-side of `` Falling into You '' single , released later . The song peaked at number five on the French Airplay Chart . It spent two weeks inside top ten and eleven weeks on the chart in total . It was also featured on some editions of Dion 's greatest hits compilation On ne change pas in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb78d839de029f4f8e6ccfea7cca6929", "text": "The Pussycat Dolls discography The discography of American girl group The Pussycat Dolls consists of two studio albums , one extended play , two live albums , 14 singles , two promotional singles and 13 music videos . To date , the group has sold 15 million albums and 40 million singles worldwide . In 2003 , Robin Antin struck a joint venture with Interscope Records to develop the Pussycat Dolls into a recording group . In 2004 , the group made their musical debut by releasing a cover of `` Sway '' , for the soundtrack to the film , Shall We Dance ? . Their self-titled debut album was released in September 2005 and it peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 . It earned double platinum certification in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , and 3 × platinum in Australia by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , and 4 × platinum the United Kingdom by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . The album 's lead single , `` Do n't Cha '' , peaked atop the charts in 15 countries and reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the RIAA . Its follow-up singles , `` Stickwitu '' and `` Buttons '' were also a commercial success peaking in the top five on charts worldwide . After the success of their debut album , The Pussycat Dolls released their first video album , Pussycat Dolls : Live from London in 2006 to coincide with the group 's headlining world tour . As of 2008 , PCD has sold 3 million copies in the United States . After a three-year hiatus in hopes to further Scherzinger 's own solo career , the group reunited to record their second and final studio album , Doll Domination in September 2008 . Scherzinger began to receive a larger input in the recording process as co-writer and co-producer of the album . Doll Domination garnered a higher peak position than PCD of number four on Billboard 200 , but failed to match its predecessor 's commercial success . Its lead single `` When I Grow Up '' became another top ten single for the group . `` I Hate This Part '' was released as the second single and managed to attain similar success . In early 2009 , Doll Domination was re-released as two compilation albums . The lead single from Doll Domination 2.0 was `` Jai Ho ! ( You Are My Destiny ) '' which reached number one in 17 countries and follow-up single `` Hush Hush ; Hush Hush '' reached the top 20 worldwide . In 2010 , the original recording group line-up disbanded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e6313d47017a915bdc913b42decf322", "text": "The Remix Suite The Remix Suite ( digital title : Michael Jackson : The Remix Suite ) is a compilation of remixed hits by Michael Jackson . Although labeled as a Michael Jackson release , the majority of remixes are of hits during his tenure with The Jackson 5 . Starting from August 25 , five remixes each were released digitally as `` suites '' via iTunes , AmazonMP3 and Rhapsody every two weeks . It is the fifth album to be released since Jackson 's death . The first suite leaked online two weeks before its intended digital release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb2076937003414fc9084210e3578739", "text": "Keep On Movin' (Five song) `` Keep On Movin ' '' is a song by English boy band Five . It was released on 24 October 1999 as the second single from their second studio album Invincible ( 1999 ) and debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart , becoming their first UK number-one single . `` Keep On Movin ' '' was the 16th biggest selling boy band single of the 1990s in the UK , selling 421,700 copies . The song has received a Gold sales status certification in the UK . The song also peaked at number two in Italy , number six in Australia , number three in the Netherlands and number six in Belgium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab056c4a3b93a0081ec6173ab82c97b8", "text": "Double Trouble (dance music producers) Double Trouble were successful dance record producers , musicians and remixers in the house and hip house scene , during the late 1980s and early 1990s . The group consisted of members Karl ` Tuff Enuff ' Brown , Leigh Guest and Michael Menson and first rose to prominence through their collaborations with the Rebel MC on the Polydor/Desire releases `` Just Keep Rockin ' '' and `` Street Tuff '' , which reached numbers 5 and 1 respectively on the UK Indie Chart in 1989 . `` Just Keep Rockin ' '' then reached number 11 on the UK Singles Chart , while `` Street Tuff '' reached number 3 , becoming their biggest hit . In 1991 , a club/reggae single was released , entitled `` Rub-A-Dub '' . The group released an album As One which spawned the singles `` Do n't Give Up '' , `` Talk Back '' and `` Love Do n't Live Here Anymore '' - a cover of the Rose Royce track . New interest in `` Just Keep Rockin ' '' in December 2007 , saw it re-enter the UK Dance Chart at number 32 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "503d13cf0db8eca8a96b4e273bcbb772", "text": "I Just Wanna Dance I Just Wan na Dance is the debut extended play by South Korea-based American singer Tiffany . It was released by S.M. Entertainment on May 11 , 2016 . Lee Soo-man , former president of S.M. Entertainment , served as executive producer on the EP . The EP marked the official solo debut of Tiffany after having been known as a member of South Korean girl group Girls ' Generation for nearly nine years . Musically , the record is a primarily synthpop album with elements of trap and R&B that draws heavy influence from American female artists of the 1990s . Tiffany promoted the EP in South Korea by holding a debut showcase at SMTown COEX Artium in Seoul on May 10 , 2016 and through a six-leg concert titled Weekend-Tiffany in June 2016 . She also appeared on several music shows including M Countdown and Show Champion . The title track `` I Just Wan na Dance '' was released as the lead single from the EP . Upon its release , I Just Wan na Dance received generally favorable reviews from music critics , who praised Tiffany 's vocals while comparing its styles to those of works by Carly Rae Jepsen , Ariana Grande and Mariah Carey . The EP was also well received commercially , peaking at numbers three on South Korea 's Gaon Album Chart and US Billboard World Albums Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87db6444fca4a6bbc82d129123b10bbd", "text": "Dance (Gary Numan album) Dance is the fifth studio album , and third under his own name , by the British musician Gary Numan , released in 1981 . Featuring the Top 10 single `` She 's Got Claws '' , the album reached # 3 on the UK charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "012240832bfc27526716ba5a4ce7661b", "text": "One Nation Under a Groove (song) `` One Nation Under a Groove '' is a 1978 song by Funkadelic , the title track from their album of the same name , The lyrics refer to dancing as a way to freedom . Compared to Funkadelic 's earlier output , that was characterized by sound typical for rock music , this song has sound more typical for dance music . The 12 '' single of the song is an extension of the album track ( this version has yet to be made available on CD ) . `` One Nation Under a Groove '' was released as a single and reached thirty-one on the Billboard Club Play Singles chart . It has endured as a dance funk classic and is probably Funkadelic 's most widely known song . `` One Nation Under a Groove '' peaked at number twenty-eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and reached number one on the Billboard Soul chart for six weeks , the longest of any number one single released in 1978 . `` One Nation Under a Groove '' became Funkadelic 's first million selling single , as well as the third million selling single for the P-Funk organization overall . The opening lyrics , `` So low you ca n't get under it . So high you ca n't get over it , '' may be taken from The Temptations 's song `` Psychedelic Shack '' . The song is included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 's list of 500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll . It is also ranked No. 474 on the Rolling Stone magazine 's list of `` the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d8c73c63637aa63514ec129a6040226", "text": "Monster (Lady Gaga song) `` Monster '' is a song by American recording artist Lady Gaga , from her third EP , The Fame Monster ( 2009 ) . Inspired by her `` Fear of Attachment Monster '' , the record was written by Gaga , RedOne and Space Cowboy , with RedOne producing the track . Gaga had explained that `` Monster '' describes her fear of sex and relationships , and described the lyrics as being in love with the bad boy all the time , but instead of running away , one keeps going back to the same person . She added that the fear in `` Monster '' erupted from her need to have a stable relationship . Incorporating the usage of heavy bass lines , descending keyboard lines and `` massive '' choruses , `` Monster '' contains zombie like metaphors , and a reference to Gaga 's debut single `` Just Dance '' . `` Monster '' received generally positive reviews from critics who appreciated the song 's musical arrangement and frequently rated it as a top track from The Fame Monster , while some disliked its lyrics . `` Monster '' enjoyed brief commercial success in 2010 , charting on four singles charts , as well as the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs and Latin Pop Airplay . Gaga has mostly performed `` Monster '' on her 2009 -- 11 The Monster Ball Tour . The performance included the portrayal of homicide and was criticized following a real-life incident at Manchester in the United Kingdom . She also performed `` Monster '' on The Oprah Winfrey Show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ade4f2b16d22917e8ed3df533b8826f4", "text": "Now That's What I Call Music! 25 (U.S. series) Now That 's What I Call Music ! 25 was released on July 17 , 2007 . The album is the 25th edition of the Now ! series in the United States . It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , selling approximately 223,000 copies in its first week , and remained at number one in its second week , selling another 149,000 copies . Now ! 25 contains three Billboard Hot 100 number-one hits , `` Girlfriend '' , `` Glamorous '' and `` Buy U a Drank ( Shawty Snappin ' ) '' , and has been certified Platinum by the RIAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda78c513da5d796dc3b9d2e1771afb2", "text": "Why Don't We Just Dance `` Why Do n't We Just Dance '' is a song written by Jim Beavers , Jonathan Singleton and Darrell Brown , and recorded by American country music artist Josh Turner . It was released in August 2009 as the lead-off single from his album Haywire , which was released on February 9 , 2010 . The song became Turner 's third Number One hit in February 2010 , his first since `` Would You Go With Me '' in October 2006 , and his longest stay at the top with four weeks . On May 24 , 2010 , the single was his fourth to be certified Gold by the RIAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e11d03b73152bc9d3dd06afd0594bd8", "text": "Just Me (Tiffany album) Just Me ( just me ) is the seventh studio album by Tiffany , released in 2007 . Fresh off of Celebrity Fit Club , 1980s pop sensation Tiffany released her first album of all original music since 2005 's Dust Off and Dance . The first single and music video was `` Feels Like Love '' . The video for `` Feels Like Love '' was officially released on YouTube by Tiffany 's record company , 10 Spot records . On the day of the album 's release Tiffany played a free show at the Virgin Megastore Sunset in Los Angeles , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ed5784abba7984cde49a65eee46be4a", "text": "I Gotta Dance to Keep from Crying `` I Got ta Dance to Keep from Crying '' was a 1963 hit by the Miracles on Motown 's Tamla label . It was a Billboard Top 40 Pop hit , reaching # 35 on that chart , and a Top 20 hit on its R&B chart , peaking at # 17 . It was written and produced by Motown 's main songwriting team , Brian Holland , Lamont Dozier , and Eddie Holland , and was the follow-up to the group 's Top 10 pop hit , `` Mickey 's Monkey '' , written by the same team . The smash success of that song , according to Motown policy , automatically gave Holland-Dozier-Holland the green light to write and produce the Miracles ' next release , which resulted in this song . Like `` Mickey 's Monkey '' , `` I Got ta Dance to Keep from Crying '' features a `` live party '' feel . The song 's title is a play on the old expression , `` I Got ta Laugh to Keep from Crying '' , highlighting the all-too-human tendency to escape from heartbreak or personal pain by dancing , laughing and having a good time . Miracles lead singer Smokey Robinson , as the song 's narrator , portrays a young man trying to get over the heartbreak of a recent breakup with his girl : `` Gather ` round me , swingers and friends ... help me forget my hurt within ... I lost the only girl I 've ever loved ... the only one I 'm thinking of ... and I 've got ta dance to keep from crying ... '' Holland-Dozier-Holland later went on to write another Top 20 hit for the Miracles in 1966 , '' ( Come ` Round Here ) I 'm the One You Need '' , which was the last song to bill the group as `` The Miracles '' before their name was officially changed to `` Smokey Robinson and the Miracles '' . `` I Got ta Dance to Keep from Crying '' has inspired cover versions by The Who and Jimmy James , and was included on the group 's albums The Miracles Doin ' Mickey 's Monkey , I Like It Like That ( withdrawn from the U.S. ) , Greatest Hits from the Beginning , and several other Miracles `` greatest hits '' albums and CD anthologies . The song was ranked Number 356 out of the 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made by the American rock critic Dave Marsh , who wrote : `` no band ever cut a deeper groove than the Motown group does here '' . The British rock journalist Jon Wilde ranked it Number 6 among his top ten favourite songs in 2007 , calling it `` pure Motown gold and the greatest party-on record there ever was '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
52d6886cdc876f092297dbc971fac112	Despicable Me is not computer-animated.	[ { "docid": "97cd46a6d21d9cddb09902e1d8eb8919", "text": "Despicable Me Despicable Me is a 2010 American 3D computer-animated comedy film from Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment that was released on July 9 , 2010 in the United States . It is the debut film of Illumination Entertainment . The film was animated by the French animation studio Mac Guff , which was later acquired by Illumination Entertainment . It was directed by Pierre Coffin and Chris Renaud as their feature debut film , with a story by Sergio Pablos . The film stars the voice of Steve Carell as Gru , a supervillain who adopts three girls ( voiced by Miranda Cosgrove , Dana Gaier , and Elsie Fisher ) from an orphanage ; and the voice of Jason Segel as Vector , a rival of Gru who steals the Great Pyramid of Giza . When Gru learns of Vector 's heist , he plans an even greater heist : to shrink and steal the Earth 's moon . The film earned positive reviews from critics , and grossed over $ 543 million worldwide , against a budget of $ 69 million . It launched the Despicable Me franchise with a series of films , including the sequel Despicable Me 2 in 2013 , and the prequel Minions released in 2015 featuring Gru 's Minions as the main characters . Another sequel , Despicable Me 3 , is scheduled for release in 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "00a47f45a8903ab372e4f8938ed1c815", "text": "List of accolades received by BioShock Infinite BioShock Infinite is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games and published by 2K Games . Players assume control of Booker DeWitt ( Troy Baker ) , who is sent to rescue Elizabeth ( Courtnee Draper ) from her captivity on the floating air city of Columbia . The game 's development was led by creative director Ken Levine . The game was officially announced on August 12 , 2010 , and was widely anticipated . At the Spike Video Game Awards , it was nominated Most Anticipated Game three times . Following its previews at the Electronic Entertainment Expo , the game won numerous awards , including Best of Show from several gaming publications . It was released worldwide on March 26 , 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the game a normalized score of 94 out of 100 , indicating `` universal acclaim '' , based on 27 and 68 reviews for the Windows and PlayStation 3 versions , respectively ; the Xbox 360 version received 93 out of 100 based on 33 reviews . Within four months of its release , BioShock Infinite sold approximately four million copies , and eleven million by June 2015 . BioShock Infinite garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its music , story , visual design , characters , and the acting of its cast . At the 17th Annual DICE Awards , the game received six nominations and went on to win two awards : Action Game of the Year , and Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composition . The game earned four nominations at the 10th British Academy Video Games Awards , winning Original Music . At IGN 's Best of 2013 , the game garnered twenty nominations and went on to win nine awards , including Best Overall Shooter Game and Best Overall Graphics for Art Design . At the 14th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards , BioShock Infinite won Best Audio and Best Visual Art . The game received nine nominations at the Spike VGX , winning Best Shooter , Best Song in a Game and Character of the Year . At the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards , the game received eleven nominations , with Courtnee Draper winning Supporting Performance in a Drama . The game appeared on several year-end lists of the best games of 2013 , receiving Game of the Year wins from the Associated Press , CNN , Electronic Gaming Monthly , Entertainment Weekly , Forbes , and Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "721da7cdaa379f03b3907d833098f99d", "text": "Freemium Isn't Free `` Freemium Is n't Free '' is the sixth episode in the eighteenth season of the American animated television series South Park . The 253rd episode overall , it was written and directed by series co-creator and co-star Trey Parker . The episode premiered on Comedy Central in the United States on November 5 , 2014 . The episode lampoons the popularity of freemium mobile apps such as The Simpsons : Tapped Out and Family Guy : The Quest for Stuff . The episode links addiction to freemium games to other addictions , including alcoholism and gambling addiction , and their possible genetic predisposition . The episode was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program at the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5b2a5188d6098e6f9404d8f0f3d4aee", "text": "It Hits the Fan `` It Hits the Fan '' is the first episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series South Park , and the 66th episode of the series overall . It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on June 20 , 2001 . In the episode , the word `` shit '' is said uncensored on television on the crime show Cop Drama . After this , everyone starts saying `` shit '' over and over , which eventually brings over a mysterious plague that unleashes the ancient Knights of Standards and Practices , and only Chef and the boys can save the world . The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker and is rated TV-MA-LV in the United States . Throughout the episode , the profanity `` shit '' or `` shitty '' are exclaimed uncensored a total of 162 separate times ; in syndicated or re-aired versions of this episode , a counter in the bottom left corner of the screen counts the number of times the word has been uttered . The written occurrences are not counted , but `` shit '' is written 38 times , which puts the `` shit `` s up to an even 200 . `` Shit '' is uttered roughly once every eight seconds ; one such count includes the episode 's theme song in the calculation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28b230e94a52735920110d6065e96160", "text": "Uncanny valley In aesthetics , the uncanny valley is the hypothesis that human replicas which appear almost , but not exactly , like real human beings elicit feelings of eeriness and revulsion among some observers . Valley denotes a dip in the human observer 's affinity for the replica , a relation that otherwise increases with the replica 's human likeness . Examples can be found in robotics , 3D computer animations , and lifelike dolls among others . With the increasing prevalence of virtual reality , augmented reality , and photorealistic computer animation , the ` valley ' has been cited in the popular press in reaction to the verisimilitude of the creation as it approaches indistinguishability from reality . For example , Telus 's attempt to replace real animals in advertisements with animations like this wound up firmly in the ` uncanny valley ' and had negative , not positive , impact on those viewing the spots . Similar reactions can occur with special effects where care is not taken to either break away from the audience 's expectation of reality completely or honor it ( People and objects noticably not traveling in proper parabolic arcs when knocked flying , or real human bodies clearly being subject to loads that would not be survivable in reality -- the flight of Tom Cruise from helicopter to train at the end of Mission Impossible failed both of these tests . ) The ` uncanny valley ' has therefore moved from its origin about reactions to human simulacra , to reactions about photorealistic simulacra in general .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e78701a46db1d8bca6488ca193abaa7c", "text": "Pokémon Apokélypse Pokémon Apokélypse is a 2010 fan-made short film directed by Kial Natale and produced by Dylan Innes and Lee Majdoub . Based on the Pokémon franchise , the storyline takes place several years after the events of the original anime series . Intended as a fan-response to `` the common trend of ` dark and gritty ' reboots of popular franchises '' , the film was meant to give a mature spin on Pokémon and be in the same vein as work seen on parody website CollegeHumor . The creators initially intended to reveal the film at the Vancouver Anime Evolution convention , it was not shown due to technical difficulties . Instead on September 14 , 2010 , it revealed online via a teaser segment distributed through emails sent to various media outlets , which presented itself as a recording of a `` secret movie trailer screening '' for a film in development . The full film followed shortly thereafter , posted online on September 20 . The result of almost two years of work , the film follows Ash Ketchum and his friends years after the events of the original anime series , and their struggle against criminal organization Rocket Industries . Deciding on using the subject of Pokémon after considering several possibilities such as Grand Theft Auto and Dragon Ball Z , the producers were surprised by fan reaction to the material . Despite praises for the content , they have stated they have no intention to produce a full-fledged film . The initial `` leaked '' preview was met with skepticism and criticism , with Crave Online in particular recalling the trend of past video game-inspired films being of poor quality . Kotaku and Topless Robot in particular noting that the preview did it a disservice by hiding the charm of the completed project , which by comparison was met with very positive reception . GamesRadar called it `` amazing '' , and stated that the content was `` good enough for grown ups '' ; in a further discussion , they added they were impressed by the quality of the work , and how it addressed the similarity between the games and dog fighting . Other sources such as The Escapist and Game Informer also heavily praised the production , with the former lamenting that such a concept would never officially appear from Nintendo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40959f8d3abb23b5b06a6c913ab273ac", "text": "Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms . Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c36a0864700dddc08b8755b537e4c55", "text": "Theatre of Cruelty (Discworld) `` Theatre of Cruelty '' is a short Discworld story by Terry Pratchett written in 1993 . The name derives from a concept of Antonin Artaud ( Theatre of Cruelty ) . It was originally written for W. H. Smith Bookcase magazine and was then slightly modified and extended , being published again in the programme of the OryCon 15 convention , and then again in The Wizards of Odd , a compilation of fantasy short stories . It has since been made available on the Internet along with dozens of translations by fans , with Pratchett having stated , `` I do n't want to see it distributed in print anywhere but do n't mind people downloading it for their own enjoyment . '' The story involves both the Ankh-Morpork City Watch and a parallel of Punch and Judy . A murder has been committed : a street entertainer , found apparently battered to death with a very small blunt object , on him bite marks from a very small crocodile . Investigating the incident in his typically direct manner , Carrot Ironfoundersson discovers the death was an accident , the man having choked on a swazzle . It emerges that the entertainer had invented a parallel , live-action version of Punch and Judy , using -- and abusing -- a troupe of gnomes as the live cast . Carrot asserts that such brutal theatre could never find favour in Ankh-Morpork : `` That 's not the way to do it '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cbb2a651abea3d66f86aecba51077df", "text": "SANDDE SANDDE is a software and hardware system , developed primarily by IMAX Corporation , designed to create hand-drawn , stereoscopic 3D animation content . SANDDE is an acronym for `` Stereoscopic ANimation Drawing DEvice '' and is a play on the Japanese term for `` 3D '' , which is pronounced `` San-D '' . The concept of SANDDE is to enable artists to draw and animate in three-dimensional space . It is intended to be intuitively usable , like a pencil . As an art form , SANDDE incorporates aspects of drawing , painting , sculpture and puppetry . Unlike most other 3D computer graphic animation tools , SANDDE does not require the construction of mathematically defined models . The main input device is a `` wand '' which allows the user to create drawings in the air . Animators sit in virtual stereoscopic theaters and , using a specialized `` wand , '' draw in space to create individual frames and then animate their creations using the interactive capabilities of the wand to create shots , sequences , and complete movies . SANDDE was originally developed by IMAX in the mid-1990s , and was used to create one IMAX short ( Paint Misbehavin -LSB- 1997 -RSB- ) and portions of two other IMAX feature films : Mark Twain 3D ( 1999 ) and Cyberworld ( 2000 ) . Thereafter , IMAX stopped active development of the system but provided licenses for use and future development to the National Film Board of Canada for artistic experimentation and to Janro Imaging Laboratory to explore commercial use of the application . The former has used SANDDE in numerous stereoscopic productions including Falling in Love Again '' , Moonman , June , The Wobble Incident , Subconscious Password , and Minotaur , while the latter has licensed SANDDE for Ultimate Wave 3D and Legends of Flight , both produced by the Stephen Low Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d869eb56c68b69e6ebea0ba8ae49ffe", "text": "Enoki Films is a producer of anime based in the Enoki Building in Shinjuku , Tokyo . Enoki Films also had a North American division , established in 1986 , headquartered in the Encino area of Los Angeles , California , United States called Enoki Films USA , Inc. . Enoki Films USA acted as a middle-man between Japanese companies and American licensees such as 4Kids Entertainment and Saban . In May 2007 it was announced that their content would also be provided as video on demand by Internet startup ReelTime.com ( worldwide except Japan ) . As of 2002 Enoki licenses anime but sub-licenses its licenses to various distributors instead of distributing them directly . Anime News Network wrote that `` They generally only license TV shows that they hope to also license to TV broadcasters such as Cartoon Network , ABC Family and Fox Kids . '' Some of the anime productions that were listed on Enoki 's website are under alternate names and may list characters under different names as well . In many cases , when sub-licensed to anime home video companies , the original titles and character names have been restored . Enoki 's translations of episode titles and scenarios may also be different than what may be on the official release . If Enoki 's series ' had a separate movie or direct-to-video production , it is usually not licensed by Enoki , and the film or direct-to-video production may be licensed to a separate company than the series ( as is the case with the Slayers movies and OVAs and the Utena movie ) . As of 2016 , Enoki Films ' North American division is now defunct , since it bought its operations to an end in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da321c0d37dd34d064a313286ff15be8", "text": "List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication . Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings : Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books . On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 . In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "955de93aba8f65459d3c0722dc962680", "text": "Treehouse of Horror IV `` Treehouse of Horror IV '' is the fifth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season and the fourth episode in the Treehouse of Horror series of Halloween specials . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 28 , 1993 , and features three short stories called `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , and `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' . The episode was directed by David Silverman and co-written by Conan O'Brien , Bill Oakley , Josh Weinstein , Greg Daniels , Dan McGrath , and Bill Canterbury . In `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , Homer Simpson announces he would sell his soul for a doughnut , and the Devil appears to make a deal with Homer . Homer tries to outsmart the Devil by not finishing the doughnut but eventually eats it and is sent to Hell . A trial is held between Homer and the Devil to determine the rightful owner of Homer 's soul . In `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , while riding the bus to school , Bart Simpson believes he sees a gremlin taking apart the bus piece by piece . Nobody sees it except for Bart , so he tries to remove it on his own . In `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' , Mr. Burns is a vampire and Bart falls victim to his bite . Lisa and the rest of the family go to Burns ' castle to kill Burns so Bart can return to normal . As with the rest of the Halloween specials , the episode is considered non-canon and falls outside of the show 's regular continuity . The episode makes cultural references to television series such as The Twilight Zone , Night Gallery , and Peanuts . References are also made to films such as Bram Stoker 's Dracula and The Lost Boys . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.5 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15952371bce5eb94c58b8063484c4a49", "text": "Object animation Object animation is a form of stop motion animation that involves the animated movements of any non-drawn objects such as toys , blocks , dolls , etc. which are not fully malleable , such as clay or wax , and not designed to look like a recognizable human or animal character . Object animation is considered a different form of animation distinct from model animation and puppet animation , as these two forms of stop-motion animation usually use recognizable characters as their subjects , rather than just objects like static toy soldiers , or construction toys such as Tinker Toys , LEGO brand bricks ( Brickfilm ) , Lincoln Logs , Erector Sets , Playmobil , etc. . Object animation is often combined with other forms of animation , typically for a more realistic effect ( e.g. , Model Animation or Puppet Animation to add more complex movement or depth to the characters ) . For example , a toy car can be animated without a driver , but is more often animated with a character easily seen driving the car . The use of animated objects in film has been present since the early days of cinema . An example of modern object animation can be seen on Robot Chicken , part of the regular Adult Swim block on Cartoon Network , which combines object animation with a variation of puppet animation , in this case the puppets are made to resemble plastic action figures from various TV shows , movies , and pop culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ead9460a24d9005a690245cc24902e3d", "text": "Non-linear editing system Non-destructive editing is a form of audio , video or image editing where the original content is not modified in the course of editinginstead the edits themselves are specified and modified by specialized software . A pointer-based playlisteffectively an edit decision list ( EDL ) for video or a directed acyclic graph for still images is used to keep track of edits . Each time the edited audio , video , or image is rendered , played back , or accessed , it is reconstructed from the original source and the specified editing steps . Although this process is more computationally intensive than directly modifying the original content , changing the edits themselves can be almost instantaneous , and it prevents further generation loss as the audio , video , or image is edited . A non-linear editing system ( NLE ) is a video ( NLVE ) or audio editing ( NLAE ) digital audio workstation ( DAW ) system that performs non-destructive editing on source material . The name is in contrast to 20th century methods of linear video editing and film editing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd76783922979bece284ea69bcec947f", "text": "Adult animation Adult animation , adult cartoon , or mature animation is any type of animation work that is mainly targeted towards adults and sometimes also teenagers , acting as a contrast to most animated films and TV series being aimed at children . Works in this genre may be considered adult for any number of reasons . They may be noted for using risqué themes , graphic violence , profane language , sexuality , or dark humor . Works in this genre may explore philosophical , political , or social issues . Some productions are noted for sophisticated and/or experimental storytelling and animation techniques . Before the enforcement of the Hays Code , some cartoon shorts contained humor that was aimed at adult audience members rather than children . Following the introduction of the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system , independent animation producers attempted to establish an alternative to mainstream animation . Initially , few animation studios in the United States attempted to produce animation for adult audiences , but later examples of animation produced for adults would gain mainstream attention and success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db78e203bc4ec780312679f68b51ceb0", "text": "Motion Picture Association of America film rating system The Motion Picture Association of America ( MPAA ) film rating system is used in the United States and its territories to rate a film 's suitability for certain audiences based on its content . The MPAA rating system is a voluntary scheme that is not enforced by law ; films can be exhibited without a rating , although many theaters refuse to exhibit non-rated or NC-17 rated films . Non-members of MPAA may also submit films for rating . Other media , such as television programs and video games , is rated by other entities such as the ESRB and the TV Parental Guidelines . The MPAA rating system is one of various motion picture rating systems that are used to help parents decide what films are appropriate for their children . It is administered by the Classification & Ratings Administration ( CARA ) , an independent division of the MPAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa9441222b26a65a89f31a81c97939ad", "text": "The Smurfs 2 The Smurfs 2 is a 2013 American 3D live-action/computer-animated comedy film and a sequel to the 2011 film The Smurfs . It is loosely based on The Smurfs comic-book series created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo . It is the second and final installment of a projected duology , produced by Sony Pictures Animation and distributed by Columbia Pictures . The film is directed by Raja Gosnell , who helmed the first , with all the main cast returning . New cast members include Christina Ricci and J. B. Smoove as members of the Naughties , and Brendan Gleeson as Patrick Winslow 's stepfather . The film was released on July 31 , 2013 and is dedicated to Jonathan Winters , who voiced Papa Smurf and died on April 11 , 2013 . Its gross of $ 347 million was seen by Sony as a disappointment , which Box Office Mojo labelled as `` an unprecedented drop for a closely-timed family sequel '' and attributed to the negative reception of the first film and to the strong competition coming from another family sequel Despicable Me 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b06dc438fe330418ef5af037496b451", "text": "Disasterpiece Theatre Disasterpiece Theatre was a comedy television program that aired in the early 1980s on XETV , a station in Tijuana , Mexico owned by Mexican media company Grupo Televisa which broadcasts in English across the border to neighboring San Diego , California . The show 's title is both a play on the long-running PBS anthology program Masterpiece Theatre and a reference to the low-budget , campy science fiction and horror films that were lampooned each week . At the time of Disasterpiece Theatre '' 's run , XETV was an independent station ; today it serves as the San Diego affiliate of The CW network . The premise of the show was simple : show the worst movies ever made and make fun of them . Among the films shown were Shriek of the Mutilated , Monster on Campus , The Thing That Could n't Die , The Mummy 's Hand , Born to Speed , Big Boy Rides Again , First Spaceship on Venus and Curse of the Undead . Comments would be written as subtitles during the movie ; for example , in Track of the Moonbeast a character says , `` I 'm somewhat of an ... ( laughs ) an adventurer , '' and the word `` IDIOT '' appeared on screen during the pause in the middle of the sentence . Sometimes music would be added and , in some cases , redubbing by the writers would occur . On a showing of First Spaceship on Venus , the soundtrack was replaced by the writers ' voices arguing about which television show they are going to watch , similar to the overdubbing idea in What 's Up , Tiger Lily?Jay Curtis hosted the show as Sal U. Lloyd , a play on the word celluloid . Bruce Mueller played `` The Other Guy '' and would often dress up as The Mummy , A Lion Tamer , and the Network Producer . Curtis and Mueller wrote and produced the show . Fred Stern was a constant contributor and served as the show 's musical director . Stern chose popular music that was added to scenes for comic punctuation . As an example , during the film Beginning of the End , giant grasshoppers are attacking Chicago , scientists decide to use the grasshopper mating call to lure the creatures into Lake Michigan but instead of the mating call coming from a boat loudspeaker , the audience hears At the Hop by Danny and the Juniors and the monsters hop in and drown . San Diego radio announcer Gary Cocker appeared on the show many times . Guests included Whoopi Goldberg , Richard Simmons , and J. Michael Straczynski . The show was done so cheaply , the producers would tape over the same reels , thus erasing the previous episode . In the show , Curtis and Mueller 's microphone cords are easily visible , but it is the poor production quality that makes the show more humorous . Sal U. Lloyd was portrayed as a big loser who hates his job . In one episode , he explains his position : `` I 'm sick of television ... I wan na be a rock and roll star . I wan na make some money . '' He is often seen receiving some kind of brain damage after showing a movie . Several times , Lloyd has a run-in with the network producer , George Mucas ( obviously a parody of George Lucas ) , who hates the show . In reality , Curtis had a strong rivalry with the actual network producer of XETV , who eventually cancelled the show . The show became quite successful , generating a loyal following and beating Saturday Night Live in the ratings several times . However , the show was eventually cancelled due to creative control with the station . Although the show is not widely acclaimed , it is mentionable for inspiring a generation of cult television shows that used the same premise , such as Mystery Science Theater 3000 . In 1991 , the Beetlejuice episode `` Moby Richard '' had Lydia staging a television dramatization of `` Moby Dick '' for the Neitherworld program `` Disasterpiece Theatre . '' In 1993 , Animaniacs had an episode of the same title . In 2009 , the creators of Disasterpiece Theatre '' created a YouTube Page posting archival footage of the show .", "title": "" } ]	fever
3e83acc9efde53bb4e25291ec1e7ad3c	Seal has sold less than 20 million records worldwide.	[ { "docid": "4aeee1ad724924fa6c189126696b77e1", "text": "Seal (musician) Seal Henry Olusegun Olumide Adeola Samuel ( born 19 February 1963 ) , better known by his stage name Seal , is an English singer and songwriter . He has sold more than 20 million records worldwide and is known for his international hits , including `` Kiss from a Rose '' , which appeared on the soundtrack to the 1995 film Batman Forever . He was a coach on The Voice Australia in 2012 and 2013 , and returned to Australia to work as a coach in 2017 . Seal has won multiple awards throughout his career , including three Brit Awards ; he won Best British Male in 1992 , as well as four Grammy Awards and an MTV Video Music Award . As a songwriter , he received the British Academy 's Ivor Novello Award , for Best Song Musically and Lyrically , in consecutive years for `` Killer '' ( 1990 ) and `` Crazy '' ( 1991 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42fb03e60769d7a82c7137e5413619c4", "text": "I-20 (rapper) Bobby Sandimanie , better known by his stage name I-20 , is an American rapper . He was originally known as Infamous 2-0 ( in Ludacris 's debut album `` Incognegro '' / `` Back for the First Time '' ) , but changed his name to reflect the interstate route that runs through the Southeastern United States . He was discovered by Ludacris , who signed him to the Disturbing tha Peace record label . In 2002 , he appeared on 6 songs from Disturbing Tha Peace 's 1st album Golden Grain ( `` Break Somethin' '' , `` Smokin ' Dro '' , `` Ca n't Be Stopped ( I Know ) '' , `` A-Town Hatz '' , `` N.S.E.W. '' & `` Outro On Ya Ass '' ) and in 2004 , I-20 released his debut album , Self Explanatory . It peaked at number forty-two on the Billboard 200 and number five on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums . I-20 later appears on Ludacris ' 7th album `` Battle Of The Sexes '' on the song `` B.O.T.S. Radio '' along with Shawnna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "145575da1f08c1d16d24368e69e549eb", "text": "Felsted Records Felsted Records was the name of two record labels . The UK version began as a subsidiary of Decca Records in July 1954 , with music mainly in the jazz and dance band genres and recordings leased from the French Blue Star , Riviera and Classique labels . The label took its name from the village where Sir Edward Lewis , the head of UK Decca , lived . The British label 's only release of note was `` Smokie '' , the first single by Bill Black 's Combo , Black having been Elvis Presley 's bassist , licensed from Hi Records . Late in 1957 , Felsted Records US opened operating from London Records ' office in New York and was marketed as a pop label . Releases included Kathy Linden 's `` Billy '' and `` Goodbye Jimmy , Goodbye '' ; Jimmy Wisner 's 1961 instrumental `` Asia Minor '' , credited to `` Kokomo , his Piano and Orchestra , on the London label in the UK ; and the Flares ' 1961 release `` Foot Stompin ' Part 1 '' , which hit # 20 on the Black Singles chart and # 25 on the Billboard Hot 100 In 1958 Felsted was reinstated in the UK leasing US material contracted through its US office . Neither label had much commercial success ; the UK label was closed in 1964 and its roster transferred to London Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18c8ed311b4e08c1dbde784be615dbee", "text": "Maroon music Maroon Music is a genre involving people of African descent that were not born on the continent creating songs in an African language ( as opposed to their first language ) . It is named after the Maroon ( people ) , African refugees who escaped from slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements . Just as the Maroon people created their own societies in lands foreign to them in attempts to retain their freedom , Maroon music is an attempt by African American artists to reacquire their Mother tongue through writing music in an indigenous African language . Maroon Music subject matter centers around stories about Maroon leaders and other historic freedom fighters of African descent , Maroon groups , peace , unity , and righteousness . In the intro to Maroon music artist , Adetokunbo 's first album `` Maroon Music '' the history of the genre is explained : `` African refugees that escaped slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements were called Maroons . The term can also be applied to their descendants . The same root word also gives us the English verb `` to maroon '' . When runaway slaves banded together and subsisted independently they were called Maroons . On the Caribbean islands , runaway slaves formed bands and on some islands formed armed camps . Maroon communities faced great odds to survive against oppressive attackers , obtain food for subsistence living , and to reproduce and increase their numbers . There is much variety among Maroon cultural groups because of differences in history , geography , African nationality , and the culture of indigenous people throughout the Western hemisphere . Maroon settlements sometimes developed creole languages by mixing European tongues with their original African languages . Other times the Maroons would adopt the local European language as a common tongue , for members of the community frequently spoke a variety of Mother Tongues . What you are about to hear is a family 's journey to reacquire their Mother Tongue through song . Their goal is to reacquire that which was lost in the Middle Passage . Let this music , Maroon Music , serve as their testament to freedom in a world that has nothing but contempt for the self liberated . '' Maroon music is less concerned with the perfection and fluency of speech of the African language but more with the exercise of learning and improving communication , while providing subtitles and written keys in English so that others will understand the message attempting to be conveyed by the artist . As pidgin English is noted as `` is a simplified version of a language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common Pidgin , Maroon music employs the pidginization or Creolization of African languages as a simplified means for African Americans to communicate with indigenous Africans . For this reason , key 's and subtitles in Maroon Music videos are an essential component for conveying intended meaning to both indigenous Africans and those born abroad . The Maroons are a number of diverse peoples in the Caribbean , South America , North America and Central America , the descendants of escaped slaves . The Seminole music tradition of the United States is an example , as are numerous communities in Jamaica , Suriname and French Guiana . The Surinamese , Guyanese , and French Guianan escaped slaves managed to hide in the dense jungles of the area , and formed communities like the Aluku , Saramaka and Ndjuka . Their traditional sung stories are called mato , and there is also a kind of popular Maroon music called aleke . Traditional dances include awasa , a women 's social dance . The Jamaican Maroons are known for instruments like the abeng , a kind of horn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "723f6b9d37bc3e99df2e9cfa36ad5a47", "text": "Human Being (album) Human Being is the third album by Seal , released in 1998 . The title track was written about late rappers Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G. Human Being received mixed reviews ranging from being panned for its overtly dark and moody feel , to being described in terms such as `` pop perfection '' . The album failed to sell in the same way as his 1994 multi-platinum album , Seal . However , it is a fan favourite and was inspired by his then-girlfriend , Tyra Banks and their breakup . A remix of `` Lost My Faith '' was featured over the closing credits of the 1999 film Entrapment , and the song 's single release was accompanied by a music video in which Seal is integrated into scenes from the film alongside Sean Connery and Catherine Zeta-Jones . The album sold over 500,000 copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0abf873a90b8ef80a7ad80aafd53c77", "text": "Blur 21 Blur 21 is a CD , DVD and vinyl box set encompassing the vast majority of music by Blur . It was released on 30 July 2012 , commemorating the 21st anniversary of the release of Leisure , the band 's first album . The release took place before the band 's performance at Hyde Park as part of the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony . One version of the box-set consists of eighteen CDs , three DVDs , one vinyl 7 '' record ( of the early Seymour track `` Superman '' ) and a hardcover book acting as a complete biography of the band . The CDs contain all seven Blur albums , with the first five remastered , with each album receiving a new second disc of B-side material ; as well as four ` rarities ' discs containing mostly previously unreleased material . The DVDs contain Showtime , The Singles Night and an all-new rarities disc . It is the band 's most retrospective release . Another boxset , Blur 21 Vinyl Edition , was released at the same time , featuring the band 's seven studio albums on heavyweight vinyl , each of the LPs repackaged as a double album except for Leisure , a single album . The vinyl edition does not , however , include any previously unreleased material . As above , the Blur 21 CD/DVD/7 '' single pack contains many previously unreleased recordings , including the long-awaited releases of previously known about songs like `` Pap Pop , '' `` Beached Whale '' and `` Sir Elton John 's Cock . '' Yet some previously released songs by the band have not been listed as featuring on the box set , such as `` Colours , '' a Think Tank outtake released as a fan club single in 2003 . Likewise , some unreleased songs are not featured on the box set , like `` Death Metal , '' a jam session from the 13 sessions in 1998 , and `` For Old Time 's Sake , '' recorded in 1993 for The Sunday Sunday Popular Community Song CD , but left off the EP , due to it possibly being deleted or lost . Additionally , no material from the band 's 1998 live recording and remix album Bustin ' + Dronin ' appears on the box set . Rarities 4 , one of the bonus albums in the box set , features an early mix of `` Under the Westway '' with some differences between it and the 2012 single version . The box set also includes a special code to download all the music content as MP3 , along with all the Blurb magazine issues and extra content with audio commentary and unreleased footage per album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e607eae47065a947d5cd58dbcd409db", "text": "System (album) System is the fifth studio album by British soul/R & B singer Seal , released on 12 November 2007 . In his online blog , Seal described the album as a return to his dance roots and his best album since his debut . However , it is his lowest-selling album to date in the US , selling 155,000 copies in the first year of its release , according to Nielsen SoundScan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a4a7b98ea4f9bb7ffb7089ead8c6c54", "text": "Double album A double album ( or double record ) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold , typically records and compact discs . A double album is usually though not always released as such , because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium . Recording artists often think of double albums as comprising a single piece artistically ; however , there are exceptions such as John Lennon 's Some Time in New York City and Pink Floyd 's Ummagumma ( both examples of one studio record and one live album packaged together ) and OutKast 's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below ( effectively two solo albums , one by each member of the duo ) . A classic example of this idea is Works ( Volume One ) by Emerson Lake and Palmer , where side one was Keith Emerson , two Greg Lake , three Carl Palmer while side four was by the entire group . Since the advent of the compact disc , albums are sometimes released with a bonus disc featuring additional material as a supplement to the main album , with live tracks , studio out-takes , cut songs , or older unreleased material . One innovation is the accompaniment of a CD with a DVD of related material , such as video related to the album or DVD-Audio versions of the same recordings . These could be regarded as a new form of double album ; some such discs were also released on a two-sided format called DualDisc . Due to the limitations of the gramophone record , many albums primarily released on the format were under 40 minutes long . This has led to record labels re-releasing two of these albums on one CD , thus making a double album . The same principles apply to the triple album , which comprises three units . Packages with more units than three are often packaged as a box set .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f84deeb8bd51bb7ca7acfc1756c0f860", "text": "Inside Recordings Inside Recordings is a Los Angeles , California based independent record label founded by singer-songwriter Jackson Browne in 1999 . Browne has stated that the mission of the label is to `` create a haven for music that might not find a home in the mainstream . '' In 2005 , Inside Recordings signed a nationwide direct distribution deal with independent music distributor Alternative Distribution Alliance . The label 's inaugural release under the agreement was Browne 's own Solo Acoustic , Vol . 1 , which was released in the U.S. on October 11 , 2005 . It was nominated for a Grammy Award soon afterward , just as Solo Acoustic , Vol . 2 was released . Artists with works previously released on the label include the Joel Rafael Band and Native American activist and spoken word artist John Trudell . In 2008 , Browne released his first studio recording in five years ; Time the Conqueror on Inside Recordings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1214f9fa4e6b2e4fbe6568a5c0046f46", "text": "Seal Online Seal Online is a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing game , originally developed by the Korean company Grigon Entertainment . In February 2007 Publisher YNK acquired the rights for the game , and in January 2009 , the game was moved to the internal studio YNK Games . As of 7 February 2008 , official versions of the game are available in South Korea , Japan , Taiwan , Thailand , Indonesia , and the United States . The English version of Seal Online was expected to be released in Q3 of Year 2005 when Grigon Entertainment announced that there would be an English version of Seal Online . An English website was made by them . However within 2 months , the site closed down and there were no more news of an English translated version of the game . After two years , a website was created for Seal Online . It had a post announcing the arrival of Seal Online in English to the United States . The English Seal Online was finally released on the 19 November 2007 at 8pm EST by YNK Interactive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "258db7c673adb9154bc220c4c5b23916", "text": "Jonas L.A. (soundtrack) Jonas L.A. is the third soundtrack by the American pop rock group Jonas Brothers and their only soundtrack for Jonas L.A. '' . It was released on July 20 , 2010 to positive reviews and debuted at # 7 on the Billboard 200 . It has sold 132,000 copies in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9abcfec63695a16c897017a2495e672b", "text": "The Radio Dept. discography The discography of Swedish indie pop group , The Radio Dept. consists of three studio albums , four extended plays , ten singles and one compilation album . The Radio Dept. was formed in 1995 by Johan Duncanson , although they did not start recording until 2001 . They were signed to Labrador Records the same year and have stayed with the label since . The band 's lineup has changed over the years until it settled on the trio of Johan Duncanson and Martin Carlberg , with Daniel Tjäder on keyboards . Their first album , Lesser Matters , was released to critical acclaim , although with little chart success outside of Sweden . It received rave reviews , achieving ` universal acclaim ' status from Metacritic , and was ranked the 9th best album of 2004 by NME magazine . The album attracted enough attention for film producer Sofia Coppola to use three of The Radio Dept. 's songs for her film , Marie Antoinette . Pet Grief , the band 's second album , was received less well critically , although it charted higher in Sweden . There was a four-year break before their third album , Clinging to a Scheme was released in 2010 . This album was received much better than Pet Grief and was the band 's first album to chart in the USA , reaching no. 20 on the Billboard `` Heatseekers '' chart ( which consists of the top 20 albums by artists that have never made the top 100 ) . It featured on many end-of-year lists , including Pitchfork Media 's 2010 Readers ' Poll . In July 2016 , the band announced their fourth studio album , Running Out of Love will be released in October .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "301cb3947d13ca9447bdd8ca08d2c00e", "text": "Infinity Records Infinity Records was a short-lived subsidiary of MCA Records established in New York City in 1978 . The label was conceived by MCA president Sidney Sheinberg as a way for the Los Angeles-based entertainment conglomerate to improve its presence on the East Coast . Ron Alexenberg , who had previously been the head of the Epic Records division of CBS Records ( now part of Sony Music Entertainment ) was hired as CEO . The biggest hit the Infinity label had was `` Escape '' by Rupert Holmes , which was number 1 at the end of 1979 . Other acts that had chart entries on Infinity included Dobie Gray , Hot Chocolate , New England , Orleans and Spyro Gyra . Under the distribution of MCA , the Infinity Records label released titles in the US , Canada , the UK , Japan and parts of Europe . Infinity spent lavishly but failed to earn a profit . In addition to developing new talent , Infinity also paid substantial sums to acquire established artists . Most of the established artists were unable to duplicate their previous success . In October 1979 , Infinity released Pope John Paul II Sings at the Festival of Sacrosong , an album of speeches and songs sung by Pope John Paul II in his native Polish . Due to the tremendous popularity of the new Pope , Infinity thought the record would be a major hit . The company paid a substantial fee ( which went to charity ) to the Catholic Church to obtain exclusive rights to the recording . The album briefly peaked at # 126 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , however , it received poor reviews and was quickly seen as a colossal failure . Most of the one million advance copies of the John Paul II album were returned unsold to the label , producing a huge financial loss . MCA pulled the plug on Infinity Records in November 1979 , and the Infinity catalog was immediately absorbed by the parent company . Rupert Holmes and Spyro Gyra were the only Infinity acts to be retained by MCA , and most of the label 's catalog went out of print . The collapse of Infinity also coincided with rising costs of manufacturing for vinyl LP records and a huge sales slump for the music industry . Infinity has since become known as one of the most expensive failures in the history of the record business . There are at least two other smaller record labels that also have used the name Infinity Records . One of these other labels was a subsidiary of Festival Records , which for many years was Australia 's leading independent record company , but is now also defunct . Other companies with the Infinity Records name do not have an affiliation with MCA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3c6c6da1d68182521ff812b3ddab9d9", "text": "20 (Dragana Mirković album) 20 is the twentieth studio album by Serbian singer Dragana Mirković . It was released on 4 December 2012 . In the first half of 2011 , Mirković released three new songs and a remake of an old song of hers . The new songs , `` Drugovi '' , `` Srce moje '' and `` Jedini '' , all became hits in the countries of the former Yugoslavia . The updated version of her 1991 song , `` Umreću zbog tebe '' was also well received . Those four songs , along with sixteen new ones are featured on her jubilee twentieth studio album , 20 , released in December 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc88c95baefd83fa05810d9d1e7e5ddb", "text": "Calvin Harris discography Scottish record producer , DJ , singer and songwriter Calvin Harris has released four studio albums , one mix album , three extended plays , 28 singles ( including three as a featured artist ) , 12 promotional singles and 31 music videos . As of November 2014 , Harris had sold 8,176,180 singles and tracks in the United Kingdom . Harris 's debut studio album , I Created Disco , was released in June 2007 . The album peaked at number eight on the UK Albums Chart and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Its first two singles , `` Acceptable in the 80s '' and `` The Girls '' , peaked at numbers 10 and three , respectively , on the UK Singles Chart , while the third single , `` Merrymaking at My Place '' , reached number 43 . In August 2009 , Harris released his second studio album , Ready for the Weekend , which debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and earned a gold certification from the BPI within two months of release . Its lead single , `` I 'm Not Alone '' , became Harris 's first number one on the UK Singles Chart . `` Ready for the Weekend '' was released as the album 's second single , peaking at number three in the United Kingdom . Two more singles were released from the album , `` Flashback '' and `` You Used to Hold Me '' , which reached numbers 18 and 27 on the UK chart , respectively . His third studio album , 18 Months , was released in October 2012 . The album sees Harris stepping away from vocals , instead focusing on the music production . It earned Harris his second consecutive number-one album in his home country . 18 Months also became his first album to chart on the Billboard 200 in the United States , peaking at number 19 , while reaching number two in Ireland , number five in Australia and number eight in Canada . The album 's lead single , `` Bounce '' featuring Kelis , peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart and gave Harris his first top-10 entry in Australia , peaking at number seven . The second single , `` Feel So Close '' , also peaked at number two in the UK . The song brought Harris to international prominence , reaching number five in New Zealand and number seven in Australia , as well as becoming his first chart entry as a lead performer on the US Billboard Hot 100 , where it charted at number 12 . In 2011 , Harris wrote , produced and was featured on Rihanna 's single `` We Found Love '' , which topped the charts in 25 countries , including the United Kingdom , the United States , Ireland and Canada . The third and fourth singles from 18 Months , `` Let 's Go '' ( featuring Ne-Yo ) and `` We 'll Be Coming Back '' ( featuring Example ) , both reached number two on the UK chart , with the former also peaking at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album 's fifth single , `` Sweet Nothing '' featuring Florence Welch , became Harris 's fourth number-one single in the UK and first top-10 single in the US . `` Drinking from the Bottle '' ( featuring Tinie Tempah ) and `` I Need Your Love '' ( featuring Ellie Goulding ) served as the album 's sixth and seventh singles . Having both charted inside the UK top 10 by April 2013 , Harris made chart history by becoming the first artist to attain eight top-10 singles from one studio album , overtaking the record previously set by Michael Jackson . The eighth and final single , `` Thinking About You '' featuring Ayah Marar , peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart . Harris 's fourth studio album , Motion , was released in October 2014 . It peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart and number five on the US Billboard 200 , his highest-peaking album on the latter chart . The album includes the UK number-one singles `` Under Control '' , `` Summer '' and `` Blame '' , as well as the top-10 single `` Outside '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f80a17a7d773b7fb3263b41d108bc52", "text": "24 Hours – A Day of Seals 24 Hours -- A Day of Seals is a box set studio album by the Japanese noise musician Merzbow . It has a less-noisy , drone metal influenced sound . Many of the tracks on the album feature guitar loops . To celebrate the release of two seal-themed albums , 24 Hours -- A Day of Seals and Merzbeat , an exhibition called was held October 10 -- December 10 , 2002 at Los Apson ? , a record store in Tokyo . The exhibit featured eight seal-themed paintings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd9d3b2e7d7cabc2b8e8c0d6d8d2012", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Missy Elliott Missy Elliott is an American rapper , singer-songwriter , author , record producer and actress . Missy 's debut album Supa Dupa Fly was released on July 15 , 1997 in the United States under her own label The Goldmind Inc. signed under Elektra Records . Her second album Da Real World was then released on June 22 , 1999 , followed by her third album Miss E. . . So Addictive , released on May 15 , 2001 . Under Construction was the fourth album released by Elliott , which was released on November 12 , 2002 , followed by her fifth album This Is Not a Test ! that saw a release in November 25 , 2003 , and The Cookbook , Elliott 's latest album to date , which was released on July 4 , 2005 . Throughout Missy Elliott 's career , she has received several awards and nominations . Elliott would also be noted to become the first female rapper in history to take home the award for `` Best International Video '' from VIVA Comet Media Awards for her solo debut single , `` The Rain ( Supa Dupa Fly ) '' . Elliott 's debut Supa Dupa Fly ( 1997 ) would go on to score two Grammy nominations for Best Rap Solo Performance & Best Rap Album , alongside three MTV Music Video Awards nominations for `` Best Direction in a Video , '' `` Best Breakthrough Video '' & `` Best Rap Video '' . Missy Elliott 's second album Da Real World ( 1999 ) attained a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album . She also received an award for `` Best R&B / Soul or Rap Music Video '' by the Soul Train Awards . The album went on to go platinum making it Elliott 's second platinum album . The follow-up , Miss E. . . So Addictive ( 2001 ) , was a commercial success ; selling over 9.2 million copies worldwide making it her third consecutive platinum album . This album would attain twelve MTV Video Music Awards nominations throughout 2001 and 2002 . Additionally , the effort gained Elliott several nominations from various award shows some including , the Grammy Awards , MTV Video Music Awards , and the BET Awards . On March 27 , 2001 , Lil ' Kim , Christina Aguilera , Pink , and Mýa recorded a cover version of the LaBelle song , `` Lady Marmalade '' as a medley for the feature film Moulin Rouge that Missy Elliott wrote and produced , which topped # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks . `` Lady Marmalade '' scored Elliott 's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . Missy Elliott 's fourth album Under Construction ( 2002 ) was certified double platinum , making it her fourth platinum album . The effort gained Elliott eight MTV Video Music Awards in 2003 , taking two awards for `` Video of the Year & `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . The album also gained Elliott five Grammy nominations in 2004 for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , Best Rap Album , Album of The Year , Best Rap Song & Best Female Rap Solo Performance taking an award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance . Elliott 's follow-up This Is Not a Test ! ( 2003 ) would also attain a platinum certification , as well as two MTV Video Music Awards and one MTV Music Video Japan Awards nominations . The Cookbook ( 2005 ) is Missy Elliott 's latest album to date . The effort attained three Grammy nominations in 2006 for Best Short Form Music Video , Best Rap Song & Best Rap Album . Elliott received the award for Best Short Form Music Video for her single `` Lose Control '' . The Cookbook also gained Elliott seven MTV Video Music Awards nominations , taking two awards for `` Best Dance Video '' and `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . In 2014 , Missy Elliott became nominated for a Grammy for Best R&B Song for the featured single , `` Without Me '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb15bcc714c715eae349eaf85f89ea1a", "text": "Whitney Houston discography The discography of American singer Whitney Houston ( 1963 -- 2012 ) consists of seven studio albums , six compilations , two soundtrack albums , five box sets , six extended plays , and fifty-seven singles . In 1985 , Houston released her self-titled debut album . It spent fourteen weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 and was certified thirteen times platinum ( Diamond ) by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , with global sales of 25 million copies . The album produced four US top 5 singles , including three Billboard Hot 100 number-ones . In 1987 , Houston released her second album Whitney . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was supported by four US number-one singles : `` I Wan na Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' , `` Did n't We Almost Have It All '' , `` So Emotional '' , and `` Where Do Broken Hearts Go '' , which established an unprecedented seven consecutive number one hits by a performer . Whitney was certified 9 × Platinum by the RIAA and topped the charts in numerous countries , having sold in excess of 20 million copies worldwide . Houston 's third studio album , I 'm Your Baby Tonight ( 1990 ) , peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 chart and yielded two number-one singles ; `` I 'm Your Baby Tonight '' and `` All the Man That I Need '' , selling 10 million units worldwide . In February 1991 , Houston released `` The Star Spangled Banner '' performance from Super Bowl XXV as a single , becoming the highest-charting rendition of the national anthem on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The Bodyguard soundtrack from her film debut , was released in November 1992 . The album contains tracks by other recording artists but is considered a Houston album by Billboard . It topped the Billboard 200 for twenty non-consecutive weeks , one of the longest tenures by an album in the Nielsen SoundScan era . The album was certified 17 × Platinum the United States and sold over 45 million copies worldwide , becoming the best-selling soundtrack album and one of the top 5 best-selling albums of all time . The lead single from the soundtrack , `` I Will Always Love You '' , topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for a then-record-breaking fourteen weeks and was certified 6 × Platinum by the RIAA , peaked at number one on the charts in nearly every country and sold 12 million copies worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time . Houston contributed three songs , including her eleventh number-one single `` Exhale ( Shoop Shoop ) '' on the 7x platinum soundtrack album , Waiting to Exhale ( November 1995 ) . The following year she released The Preacher 's Wife in November 1996 . The soundtrack was certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA and became the biggest selling gospel album of all time . In 1998 , she released her first studio album in eight years , My Love Is Your Love . The album failed to match the commercial status of her previous albums , peaking at number thirteen , her lowest chart position on the Billboard 200 among her studio albums . Despite initial weak sales , the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status with 11 million units sold worldwide , being certified 4 × Platinum in the United States . From late 1998 to early 2000 , the album generated five singles ; `` When You Believe '' ( duet with Mariah Carey ) , `` Heartbreak Hotel '' , `` It 's Not Right but It 's Okay '' , `` My Love Is Your Love '' , and `` I Learned from the Best '' . Houston entered the 2000s with her first greatest hits compilation , Whitney : The Greatest Hits , released in May 2000 . The double-disc was certified 3 × Platinum by the RIAA in 2002 and earned 5 × Platinum award posthumously , recognizing 2.6 million in sales throughout the United States . The album hit the top position on the UK Albums Chart and sold over 1.66 million copies in the UK alone . Also , it reached the top ten in many worldwide markets , selling 10 million copies globally . Just Whitney , released in December 2002 , became her first album after renewing her contract with Arista for a record $ 100 million in 2001 . The album failed to earn multi-platinum status , receiving only Platinum award in the US , and became her lowest-selling studio album to date . She released a holiday album , One Wish : The Holiday Album in November 2003 . In September 2009 , Houston returned to the top position of the Billboard 200 with I Look to You , becoming her fourth number-one album on the chart ; which was her first non-soundtrack number-one in 22 years , since 1987 's Whitney . It also topped the album charts of several European countries and was certified Platinum by the RIAA . Her albums Whitney Houston , Whitney , The Bodyguard and Whitney : The Greatest Hits are among the top 100 certified albums according to the RIAA . According to the RIAA , Houston is the top-selling R&B female artist of the 20th century , and the fourth best-selling female artist in the United States , with shipments of 57 million albums . In addition , until the launch of the RIAA 's digital certification program in 2004 , she had sold 16.5 million physical singles more than any other female solo artist in history . According to the Official UK Charts Company in October 2012 , Houston is at number four in the top 10 biggest selling female singles artists of all-time list with a sales total of 8.5 million singles . Whitney Houston is one of pop music 's best-selling music artists of all-time , with an estimated 170 -- 200 million records sold worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc0b57512da34508f0827b5779eb62c9", "text": "Sounds of the 20th Century Sounds of the 20th Century is a BBC Radio 2 documentary series originally broadcast in the UK between April 2011 and April 2012 . Each 60-minute programme is dedicated to one year from 1951 to 2000 and features a montage of audio relating to that year . Featuring nothing that was n't heard , seen or read at the time , other than brief introduction to each episode by Jeremy Vine , the series does not feature any explanations , reminiscenses or reflections upon the clips . Instead , the series ' website provided a list and description of the audio items , which was also supplied in real time by the show 's Twitter feed . It is described as an ` audio journey through five decades of triumph , tragedy and trivia . ' The first part of the series was first broadcast at 10pm on Thursday 7 April . Focussing upon 1951 , it featured the real King 's Speech ( as he opens the Festival of Britain ) , a General Election victory for the Conservatives and their Liberal allies , the first hit single with multi-tracking ( Les Paul 's `` How High The Moon '' ) , the first rock 'n' roll record ( Jackie Brentson 's `` Rocket 88 '' ) , screen heroes from Marlon Brando to The Lone Ranger . The series was produced by Trevor Dann 's Company , and there is a series blog available at sottc.wordpress.com . The critical reception was generally positive . Comparing the show to BBC One 's The Rock 'n' Roll Years , The Independents Chris Maume asked if `` commissioning Sounds of the 20th Century -LSB- was -RSB- the first thing the 6 Music/Radio 2 controller Bob Shennan has got right in his short but deeply unsatisfactory tenure ? '' . More critically , The Guardians Elisabeth Mahoney identified parallels between the archive clips and the contemporary world , but was frustrated at the lack of a narrative , arguing that `` the jaunty mix is frustratingly hard-going . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e5e02d70d2216c10220aac0ca6a690c", "text": "Bad (album) Bad is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson , released on August 31 , 1987 in the United States by Epic Records and internationally by CBS Records . It was released nearly five years after Jackson 's previous solo studio album , Thriller ( 1982 ) . Bad was recorded during the first half of 1987 . The lyrical themes include media bias , paranoia , racial profiling , romance , self-improvement and world peace . The album cemented Jackson 's status as one of the most successful artists of the 1980s . Bad saw Jackson exercise even more artistic freedom than he did with his two previous Epic releases ( Off the Wall and Thriller ) ; Jackson composed nine of the album 's eleven tracks , and received co-producer credit for the entire album . Nine of the eleven songs on Bad were released as singles ; one was a promotional single , and another was released outside of the United States and Canada . Five of the singles hit No. 1 in the United States , while a sixth charted within the top ten , and a seventh charted within the top twenty on the Hot 100 . Bad peaked at No. 1 in thirteen countries and charted within the top twenty in other territories . The only songs on the album which were not released as a single were `` Speed Demon '' and `` Just Good Friends '' , the latter being the only song on the album to also not have a music video accompanying it . The album continued Jackson 's commercial success in the late 1980s , and garnered six Grammy Award nominations , winning two . Aside from commercial success , the album was well received by contemporary critics . The album produced a record five Billboard Hot 100 number one singles , the first of two albums to do so , the second being Katy Perry 's 2010 album Teenage Dream . Bad was ranked No. 43 in the 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation in 2009 by VH1 and number 202 in Rolling Stone magazine 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . As of 2012 , Bad had reportedly sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide and has been cited as one of the 30 best-selling albums of all time . In 2017 , the album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America , denoting sales of over ten million copies in the United States . The album marked the final collaboration between Jackson and producer Quincy Jones .", "title": "" } ]	fever
362bee0da3a24cc5d12e26588de48659	Break on Me was released only through Hit Red.	[ { "docid": "65a4880dbca229495baf460c2dac6f00", "text": "Break on Me `` Break on Me '' ( stylized as `` Break on Me . '' ) is a song written by Ross Copperman and Jon Nite and recorded by New Zealand-born Australian country music singer Keith Urban . It was released on 23 October 2015 as the second single from his ninth studio album , Ripcord , through Hit Red and Capitol Nashville . The bass-driven ballad was co-produced by Urban with Nathan Chapman and has been deemed a stylistic counterpoint to its funky predecessor `` John Cougar , John Deere , John 3:16 '' . The song is also the second of his career not to have an accompanying music video , after 2010 's `` I 'm In '' .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "761a44687ff8d7b3ab4ad57ea9827a62", "text": "The Source Presents: Hip Hop Hits, Vol. 5 The Source Presents : Hip Hop Hits , Volume 5 is the fifth annual music compilation album to be contributed by The Source magazine . Released December 18 , 2001 , and distributed by Def Jam Recordings , Hip Hop Hits Volume 5 features sixteen hip hop and rap hits ( two of them are bonus tracks ) . It went to number 37 on the Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums chart and peaked at number 48 on the Billboard 200 album chart . Purple Pills ( or Purple Hills ) is the only number-one Hot Rap Tracks hit on Volume 5 . Likewise , the album is the second in Hip Hop Hits series to feature a Billboard Hot 100 number one hit ( Volume 1 is first ) : I 'm Real . It is the fourth Hip Hop Hits album not to feature a number-one hit on the R&B / Hip Hop chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "704e145dfebe82c6d675a08cfe9b6bc4", "text": "Silencio=Muerte: Red Hot + Latin Silencio = Muerte : Red Hot + Latin , The tenth entry in the Red Hot Benefit Series of compilation albums , takes a post-modern look at the contemporary rock en Español scene . This compilation features music from Spanish , Pan-American , as well non-Latin/Anglo-American acts that have either transformed the sounds and images of Latin music or have been influenced by the same . As with other entries in the series , this project tailors its AIDS-awareness message to a specific target . Here , the focus is on the rapidly expanding epidemic of AIDS in Latin America . Upon its release in 1997 , Silencio = Muerte peaked at # 14 and # 48 on Billboard '' 's Latin pop and Top Latin Albums , respectively . The album was re-issued by Nacional Records in 2006 as Red Hot + Latin Redux '' , including new bonus tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cf8a422395f950b64c10693a876fc2f", "text": "Don't Touch Me (Throw da Water on 'Em) `` Do n't Touch Me ( Throw da Water on 'Em ) '' is a promo single for rapper Busta Rhymes ' album Back on My B.S. . It was produced by Grind Music ( LV & Sean C ) for The Hitmen . The song samples `` I Can Give You Love '' by 1960s/1970s soul band The Diplomats ( not to be confused with the rap crew ) . The official remix features Reek Da Villain , Spliff Star , Lil Wayne , Nas , The Game , and Big Daddy Kane . The song was in the YouTube dance battle between the Adam Chu Dance Crew vs Miley Mandy Dance Crew . It was played during the opening act of the MTV Movie Awards for a dance off between Chris Brown and Mike Myers . The track reached # 83 on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart . It was also featured in the video game NBA Live 09 . When the album Back on My B.S. was officially released , this track did not appear on the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4b0b353e5839dffc537813e3db838df", "text": "Dance with Me (Johnny Reid album) Dance with Me is the fifth studio album by Canadian country music artist Johnny Reid . It was released on March 10 , 2009 , by Open Road Recordings . The album was certified Gold within 48 hours of release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83c32b19c50bb911fabe87f2d861eb93", "text": "Set Me Free (Jermaine Stewart song) `` Set Me Free '' is a song from American singer Jermaine Stewart . Released in 1992 , it would be the last single of his music career . The song was released as the lead single from the album of the same name `` Set Me Free '' , however the album itself was pulled from release , and as such remains unreleased to date . `` Set Me Free '' was written by Stewart and DJ and music producer Jesse Saunders . Saunders , one of the pioneers of House music , also produced the single , as well as the entire `` Set Me Free '' album . The song is not to be confused with a song of the same name , written by Derek Bramble , which Stewart had previously recorded for his 1989 album `` What Becomes a Legend Most '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d24c451cbe5b0045cd12662017447c7", "text": "Hit FM (Russia) Hit FM ( in Russian : Хит FM ) is a private radio station chain in Russia founded on 30 May 1997 . It is owned by `` Russkaia Mediagrouppa '' holding . Initially it started with broadacsts to the Moscow region on 107.4 FM , it now covers around 600 of the big Russian cities , as well as online and satellite ( via Eutelsat W7 and Tricolor TV ) . It also has stations in Moldova , Ukraine , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan . Hit FM broadcasts mainly contemporary hits ( rock , RnB , electronic music ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb66e7c5e62aab3df6c1883ca2b66f37", "text": "Hit My Heart `` Hit My Heart '' is the third single from the album Porcelain by English recording artist Matt Cardle . The song was released in the United Kingdom on 6 April 2014 as a digital download , as well as a limited number of copies on CD and Vinyl . The song was written by Cardle , his former manager Will Talbot , and Ben Cullum . It was produced by Cardle , Tom Peters and Ash Howes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "416e24f60fd0771de26d7b77440c32a9", "text": "Touch Me, Tease Me `` Touch Me , Tease Me '' is a 1996 song by American R&B singer and songwriter Case from his self-titled debut album ( 1996 ) . In the United States , it reached number 14 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , was ranked 63rd in the Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1996 and was Gold certified by the RIAA . It further reached number 26 in the UK charts . It features vocals from R&B artist Mary J. Blige and rapper Foxy Brown , with backing vocals by R&B duo Koffee Brown and Kelly Price . The record contains a sample of the 1985 classic `` P.S.K. ( What Does It Mean ? ) '' by Schooly D. The song also features in the soundtrack to the Eddie Murphy film The Nutty Professor , which scenes are intercut in its music video .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e9e559e5c244154585696167a31c07", "text": "Wall of Hits (video) Wall of Hits is the first compilation of music videos from English rock band Slade . The compilation was titled after the audio/CD compilation of the same year . It was released by Polygram Video . The compilation only exists on VHS and is now out of print , never being released onto DVD . All videos from this compilation do exist on the 2005 DVD compilation The Very Best of Slade though . The set features many of Slade 's hits however misses tracks such as Cum On Feel the Noize , Look Wot You Dun , Take Me Bak ` Ome , Skweeze Me , Pleeze Me and Get Down and Get With It . Also , much of the bands 1980s material is missing , most likely due to the band being on the RCA Records label for the decade and not Polydor . Two new singles were released to promote the Wall of Hits CD and VHS . The hit single Radio Wall of Sound has the music video included on the compilation whereas the other single Universe does n't , due to video not yet being filmed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "439854f11e19388807af1432bec9156c", "text": "The Red Chord The Red Chord is an American band from Revere , Massachusetts , formed in 1999 . The group comprises vocalist Guy Kozowyk , guitarist/vocalist Mike `` Gunface '' McKenzie , bassist Greg Weeks and drummer Michael Justian . The band gained a fanbase with its 2002 debut album Fused Together in Revolving Doors . The second album , Clients , was released in 2005 and sold over 50,000 copies in the U.S. . They released their third album , Prey for Eyes in 2007 , which sold in between 4,000 and 5,000 copies and debuted at No. 198 on the Billboard 200 chart . Their latest album , 2009 's Fed Through the Teeth Machine , debuted at No. 180 on the Billboard 200 chart . The Red Chord has released four studio albums , having toured in North America , Europe , and Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1139e048e2906f7a8d52741ee5eaa4c", "text": "Let Me Go, Lover! `` Let Me Go , Lover ! '' , a popular song , was written by Jenny Lou Carson and Al Hill , a pseudonym used by Fred Wise , Kathleen Twomey , and Ben Weisman . It is based on an earlier song called `` Let Me Go , Devil , '' about alcoholism . It was featured on the television program Studio One on November 15 , 1954 , and caught the fancy of the public . Joan Weber sang the song on the TV production and was pregnant at the time . A result of the program was to illustrate how efficiently a song could be promoted by introducing it to the public via radio or a TV production . The recording was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 40366 . Mitch Miller stocked national record stores the week before the program and because of its availability the record sold over 100,000 the first week of its release . It first reached the Billboard magazine charts on December 4 , 1954 . By January 1955 , Weber 's record of the song had hit No. 1 on all the Billboard charts ( the Disk Jockey chart , the Best Seller chart , and the Juke Box chart ) . The song reached No. 16 in the UK Singles Chart , and was awarded a gold record . It was also quickly covered by a number of other singers . One artist to `` cover '' it was Lucille Ball . In the March 18 , 1955 , episode of I Love Lucy , entitled `` Bull Fight Dance '' . Among the cover versions was one by Patti Page . This recording was released by Mercury Records as catalog number 70511 . It first reached the Billboard charts on December 18 , 1954 . On the Disk Jockey chart , it peaked at No. 8 ; on the Best Seller chart , at No. 24 ; on the Juke Box chart , at No. 12 . Another cover , by Teresa Brewer and The Lancers , was recorded on November 18 , 1954 , and released by Coral Records as catalog number 61315 . It reached No. 6 on the Billboard chart and No. 9 on the UK Singles Chart . Peggy Lee also released the song in 1954 , reaching No. 26 . On the Cash Box Best-Selling Records chart , all the versions were combined , and the song was also a No. 1 hit on that chart . Hank Snow 's version ( `` Let Me Go , Woman '' ) went to No. 1 on the country music charts in 1955 . Dean Martin had the song released as a single in 1955 , reaching No. 3 in the UK Singles Chart . In March 1955 , Ruby Murray reached 5 in the UK Singles Chart with her version . Kathy Kirby 's version of the song went to No. 10 on the UK Singles Chart in 1964 . It was also covered by Billy Fury , which turned out to one of the last songs he recorded before his death in 1983 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82a57e177e747d0fa80f10729ca5c459", "text": "Case (album) Case is the self-titled debut album by American R&B singer-songwriter Case . It was released on August 13 , 1996 . It features the hit single `` Touch Me , Tease Me '' featuring rapper Foxy Brown and Mary J. Blige . The album peaked at number seven on the R&B albums chart and reached number forty-two on the Billboard 200 . Mary J. Blige ( Case 's girlfriend at the time ) co-wrote the majority of his debut album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b89abecc61396f73d421c1fed36cfe8c", "text": "Red Leaf Records Red Leaf Records was founded in January 1965 by independent Canadian record producers Duff Roman and Danny Mostoway ( Roman Records ) , Art Snider and David Pears ( Chateau , Canatal , ACT ) and Stan Klees ( Tamarac , Bigland ) , . Believing that radio stations , record dealers and consumers had become confused by the profusion of small labels whose releases were far and few between and scantily promoted and advertised , Red Leaf 's founders retired their own labels to join forces in a national super-independent Each unit operated independent of each other , but capitalized on the identity of a larger , cohesive organization . The next year ( 1966 ) the label won the Juno Gold Leaf award for `` Canadian Content Company '' . Beginning in early 1965 , Red Leaf released records by a wide array of artists , including rock and pop acts like The Paupers David Clayton Thomas and Bobby Vann from Toronto , The Characters from Ottawa and The British Modbeats from St. Catharines . Other releases featured soul singers Shirley Matthews and Jay Jackson , girl groups like The Allan Sisters and The Charmaines , the country duo The Rainvilles , novelty records by The Teenyboppers and radio jock Dave Mickey , and even a Christmas 45 . The label released two LP 's and about three dozen singles before dissolving in the late 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49889d0096e127cb767dac7b1342e9d8", "text": "The Source Presents: Hip Hop Hits The Source Presents : Hip Hop Hits is the first annual music compilation album to be contributed by The Source magazine . Released December 16 , 1997 and distributed through Polygram Records , Hip Hop Hits Volume 1 features eighteen hip hop and rap hits . It went to number 25 on the Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums chart ( making it the highest charting Hip Hop Hits album on that chart to date ) and peaked at number 38 on the Billboard 200 album chart . Five tracks on the album had reached number-one on the Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart : `` Bow Down , '' `` Ca n't Nobody Hold Me Down '' , `` Crush on You , '' `` Elevators '' and `` Hypnotize '' . Two of the songs , `` Hypnotize '' and `` Ca n't Nobody Hold Me Down '' reached number-one on the Billboard R&B / Hip-Hop and pop charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85683d39cd9e9fb9b5830522002aca6f", "text": "Can't Take Me Home Ca n't Take Me Home is the debut album by singer P!nk , released in the United States on April 4 , 2000 by LaFace Records . It produced three singles -- `` There You Go '' , `` Most Girls '' , and `` You Make Me Sick '' , and peaked at number twenty-six on the U.S. Billboard 200 . Producers included Kevin `` She ` kspere '' Briggs , Babyface , Kandi Burruss , Terence `` Tramp Baby '' Abney , Daryl Simmons , and Tricky . Pink shared co-writing credit on seven of the album 's tracks . This album featured a contemporary R&B sound with `` skittering , post-jungle rhythm for the bedrock of these savvy , club-ready dance-pop productions -- a sound exploited expertly on TLC 's record '' . Pink moved to a more pop-rock oriented sound on her follow-up albums . She later went on to admit that during the period of promoting this album she felt stifled , as it was not reflective of her true musical ambitions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfa84e704dc7ba87aa4e84d89db6364e", "text": "Break On Through (To the Other Side) `` Break On Through ( To the Other Side ) '' is a song by The Doors from their debut album , The Doors . It was the first single released by the band and was unsuccessful compared with later hits , reaching only number 126 in the United States . Despite this , it became a concert staple and remains one of the band 's signature and most popular songs . Twenty-four years after its original US release , `` Break On Through '' became a minor hit in the UK , peaking at number 64 in the singles chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8746a1d571853193ca4fec31876f4f85", "text": "Take a Break Take a Break is the fourth album by Me First and the Gim me Gimmes , released on July 1 , 2003 , on Fat Wreck Chords independent record label . The album consists entirely of cover versions of R&B songs . Like its predecessor , Blow in the Wind , several tracks are led off with appropriations of classic punk ( or related genres like new wave ) riffs ( `` Crazy '' incorporates `` Six Pack '' by Black Flag , `` Save the Best for Last '' includes `` Pretty Vacant '' by The Sex Pistols , and `` I 'll Be There '' borrows the intro from The Cars ' `` Just What I Needed '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "375b2d729af43e9fb0d61e3466666523", "text": "You Will Only Break My Heart `` You Will Only Break My Heart '' is the third single from Delta Goodrem 's third studio album Delta . It was released to Australian radio on 25 February and will have a physical release on 29 March . Its music video includes clips of fans singing the song based on a competition via her website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f6d740ccb8bab86f54c0572c9d0239e", "text": "My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult discography The American electronic industrial rock band My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult has released ten studio albums , one live album , three compilation albums , two video albums , six remix albums , three extended plays , and ten singles . In addition , their songs have been featured on three soundtrack albums and one promotional single for major Hollywood films . They began their career on the independent record label Wax Trax ! Records , which , like the band , was based in Chicago . In 1991 , their single `` Sexplosion ! '' from the album of the same name became a top 10 dance club hit in the U.S. Following this success , Thrill Kill Kult was signed by the major label Interscope Records , which re-released the Sexplosion ! album . On Interscope , the band achieved their biggest hit , `` Sex On Wheelz '' , which reached the top 20 on both the dance club and alternative U.S. charts . The band 's 1993 Interscope album 13 Above the Night was their only album to chart , reaching # 194 on the Billboard top 200 albums chart . The album provided two more dance chart hits , `` Blue Buddha '' and `` Final Blindness '' . After one more Interscope album , Thrill Kill Kult briefly moved to Red Ant Records in the late 1990s . Their releases since 2000 have been on Rykodisc and/or the band 's own label , Sleazebox Records . Thrill Kill Kult 's songs have also been featured ( along with other artists ) on three soundtrack albums for the films Cool World ( 1992 ) , The Crow ( 1994 ) , and Showgirls ( 1995 ) , as well as a promo-only single for the film The Flintstones ( 1994 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9ae4bb32bb3e2cc9575555557881c7d", "text": "Unrest (band) Unrest is an indie rock band from the Washington , D.C. area . It was one of Mark Robinson 's projects for what would eventually become the TeenBeat label , also created by Mark while in high school . Developing from an experimental approach of never playing the same song twice , earlier material seemed to be influenced by everything from punk to funk to Ennio Morricone . Original members Mark ( guitar ) and drummer Phil Krauth were joined by Bridget Cross on bass in 1990 and their sound evolved into a minimalist but lively kind of pop . The two full-length albums released with this line up , 1992 's Imperial f.f.r.r. and 1993 's Perfect Teeth ( distributed by the influential British label 4AD Records ) featured finely crafted pop songs interspersed with strange avant-garde percussive and sonic tracks ( sometimes featuring nothing but white noise , beeps or sirens ) . EPs released around the same time period reveal an even more pronounced gap between pop and experimental elements . The group broke up in 1994 with Phil pursuing a solo career and Mark and Bridget continued for a time as Air Miami , which released two singles and one album , me me me . Since Air Miami 's demise in the mid '90s , Mark has continued to release various solo projects , as well as albums with his bands Cotton Candy and Flin Flon , and continues to run the TeenBeat label as well . On February 24 , 2005 , Unrest played a one-time reunion show at Washington , D.C. 's Black Cat club as a part of the TeenBeat Records 20th anniversary celebration . Also appearing were Eggs , + / - , True Love Always , The Fontaine Toups , and Jonny Cohen . On April 22 , 2008 , Teenbeat released an album by Bridget Cross under the alias Maybe It 's Reno . The self-titled album features Robinson and Krauth on the first seven tracks , almost equating this project to another reunion of Unrest , though this time , all of the songs are written by Cross and she also performs all of the vocals . Unrest reunited again for a small east coast tour in July 2010 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
8575f87c069f01be60be32fa79d66f79	Mike Love created a solo album.	[ { "docid": "32ff3fd60da3e77c6261d192b018fd4d", "text": "Mike Love Michael Edward `` Mike '' Love ( born March 15 , 1941 ) is an American singer , songwriter , musician , and activist who co-founded the Beach Boys . Characterized by his nasal , sometimes baritone singing , Love has been one of the band 's vocalists and lyricists for most of their career , contributing to each of their studio albums . He is often regarded as a malign figure in the band 's history , a reputation he acknowledges : `` For those who believe that Brian -LSB- Wilson -RSB- walks on water , I will always be the Antichrist . '' In the 1960s , Love collaborated with Wilson and was a lyricist on singles including `` Fun , Fun , Fun '' ( 1964 ) and `` California Girls '' ( 1965 ) . During this period , his lyrics primarily reflected the youth culture of surfing , cars , and romance , which helped fashion pop culture 's perception of the `` California Dream '' . Starting in 1968 , Love became a teacher of Transcendental Meditation under Maharishi Mahesh Yogi . The experience influenced his lyrics to take on themes of astrology , meditation , politics and ecology . Following this , Love 's lyrical direction shifted to attempt to recapture the band 's earlier , lighthearted sound . In the late 1970s , Love began working on solo albums , releasing his first and only in 1981 : Looking Back with Love . In 1988 , he , along with the other founding members of the Beach Boys , was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . The same year , the song , `` Kokomo '' , co-written by Love , reached number one in the United States and was nominated for a Grammy . In 1998 , following the death of cousin Carl Wilson , Love and longtime Beach Boy Bruce Johnston were given an exclusive license to tour under the name the Beach Boys . The other surviving Beach Boys , Brian Wilson and Al Jardine , embarked on solo endeavors . In 2011 , the group reunited to produce a new album and embark on a tour for their 50th anniversary . Following the 50th anniversary reunion shows , Love resumed touring only with Johnston .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8f672f4bfe40a8cfdf839e681940c6f9", "text": "The Love Club EP The Love Club EP is the debut extended play ( EP ) by New Zealand singer Lorde . At the age of 12 , she was discovered by Universal Music Group scout Scott MacLachlan , and began writing songs . In December 2011 , MacLachlan paired Lorde with producer Joel Little , and within three weeks , the pair had co-written and produced all 5 songs on the EP . In November 2012 , Lorde self-released the EP for free download via SoundCloud . On 8 March 2013 the record was commercially released by Universal Music Group and Virgin Records . An indie rock-influenced electronica album , The Love Club EP was well received by music critics , who praised its production and compared its style to works by Sky Ferreira , Florence and the Machine and Lana Del Rey . The release peaked at number two in New Zealand and Australia , and was certified platinum and septuple platinum in those two countries respectively . In the US , the record charted at number twenty-three on the Billboard 200 chart and have sold 60,000 copies as of August 2013 . To promote The Love Club EP , Lorde performed during various concerts , and `` Royals '' was released as a single .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4347e661b3508b3669c480f5792ed70", "text": "The Mad Love The Mad Love is an album by New Zealand band , 48May released in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f360ebfb40cb4728ec84ceba1d42264b", "text": "Xscape (album) Xscape is the second posthumous album of previously unreleased tracks by American singer Michael Jackson . It is his eighth album released through Epic Records , and it was released on May 13 , 2014 by Epic Records and MJJ Music . It is the fifth album released by Sony and Motown since Jackson 's death in June 2009 . L.A. Reid , chairman of Epic Records , curated and served as executive producer for the album enlisting Timbaland to lead a team of record producers , including StarGate , Jerome `` J-Roc '' Harmon , John McClain , and Rodney Jerkins , to remix and contemporize the eight selected tracks . Jerkins produced the title song and is the only original song producer to work on the final productions . Xscape was promoted across the Sony group of companies ; Sony Mobile used a snippet of `` Slave to the Rhythm '' in their advertising campaign for the Xperia Z2 mobile phone . `` Love Never Felt So Good '' was announced as the official lead single to premiere on May 1 , 2014 . The deluxe edition of the album includes all of the songs in their original forms as well as one bonus track and two videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30d75e3c1ccba77e285f6d04a98c3186", "text": "Wicked Wayz Wicked Wayz is the debut album by Mr. Mike , released on July 30 , 1996 through Suave House Records . Most of the album was produced by Suave House 's production team , Smoke One Productions , while production duo E-A-Ski & CMT produced six tracks . Wicked Wayz made it into the top 40 of the Billboard 200 , peaking at No. 29 , while also peaking at 5 on the Billboard 's R&B chart . The album also produced one charting single entitled `` Where Ya Love At ? '' , which charted on both the Billboard 's R&B and rap charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99d23c357ca0901ab982099b7d0ba569", "text": "Paint My Love - Greatest Hits Paint My Love -- Greatest Hits is the first greatest hits album by the Danish soft rock band Michael Learns to Rock . It was released in October 1996 by Medley Records in Asia and South Africa . As of May 1999 , the album had sold 3.4 million copies worldwide . The title song , `` Paint My Love '' , is an English version of `` Kun med dig '' by Danish singers Dorthe Andersen and Martin Loft , which was composed by Jascha Richter . The song won the Danish national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 1996 , but was one of seven entries voted off in a pre-contest semifinal , which was not televised . `` Paint My Love '' , along with the other new song `` Breaking My Heart '' , was later included on the band 's fourth studio album , Nothing to Lose ( 1997 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa436d4f5820c20b7ad0fbfa9ebbf69a", "text": "DJ Magic Mike D.J. Magic Mike ( born Michael Hampton ) is one of the most pivotal Miami bass producers , and the first platinum selling recording artist from Orlando , Florida . < ref name = `` Orlando Sentinel '' > </ref>", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36435f1feb6f5891b6bb89b4e546ce6b", "text": "Life, Love and the Pursuit of Justice Life , Love , and the Pursuit of Justice is the first solo album by Justin Sane , lead singer of the punk rock band Anti-Flag . The album is entirely his own work , featuring his vocal and guitar work and demonstrating obvious influence from Billy Bragg 's earlier recordings . The album is about , exactly as the title simply states , life , love , and justice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1b2c763c83f176486a076d6e4b97c94", "text": "True Love Waits (song) `` True Love Waits '' is a song by the English alternative rock band Radiohead . Its lyrics address love , ageing , and abandonment . Radiohead first performed `` True Love Waits '' in 1995 , and singer Thom Yorke performed it alone on acoustic guitar or Rhodes piano numerous times in the following years . The band and their producer Nigel Godrich attempted to record it for their albums OK Computer ( 1997 ) , Kid A ( 2000 ) and Amnesiac ( 2001 ) , but struggled to find an arrangement that satisfied them , and it became one of their most famous unreleased songs . A live recording from the Amnesiac tour was released on I Might Be Wrong : Live Recordings ( 2001 ) . In 2016 , a studio version of `` True Love Waits '' was finally released as the closing track on Radiohead 's ninth album , A Moon Shaped Pool , rearranged as a minimal piano ballad . Both versions of the song received positive reviews , and several critics felt the long wait made the studio version more powerful . Though it was not released as a single , `` True Love Waits '' entered the French SNEP and US Billboard Hot Rock Songs singles chart , peaking at 181 and 43 respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ec81f68f80560ef61afaf0c1591c706", "text": "Love Me in Black Love Me in Black is the sixth solo album of the German female hard rock singer Doro Pesch . It was released in 1998 , after the dissolution of her contract with Polygram/Vertigo . Her new label WEA decided to publish the album only in Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "214f053b0b67144d39c5bf5d9d7253c8", "text": "Randy Meisner (1982 album) Randy Meisner is the third solo studio album ( and the second self-titled ) by Randy Meisner . It was released in mid 1982 , on Epic in the United States , and in the United Kingdom . It is to-date Meisner 's final solo album of original material . The album features a duet with Heart 's lead vocalist , Ann Wilson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63f60cba9863df0bfbd6b4669a4dc5b2", "text": "Mike Oldfield's Wonderland Mike Oldfield 's Wonderland is a compilation album by Mike Oldfield released in 1980 on vinyl in the Netherlands & Germany . The album features a new mix of `` Blue Peter '' known as the Dutch mix and a shorter version of `` Wonderful Land '' as found on Elements Box . Another compilation released later that year , Music Wonderland , with a similar title has been reissued on CD worldwide , although it has a different track listing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09be3d5dabcbb801a2ea62273b406ea2", "text": "Love Wins Again Love Wins Again is an album by Janiva Magness . It earned Magness a Grammy Award nomination for Best Contemporary Blues Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11ab9ebc2204ff58f0a6233da726f01e", "text": "Mike Flicker Mike Flicker ( born 1950 ) is an American producer in Los Angeles who has numerous credits on music and film projects . He is critically acclaimed for his work with Heart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebf9ca8c77e4115cbddd703ec25ae245", "text": "The Voice (Mike Jones album) The Voice is the second studio album by American rapper Mike Jones . It was released on April 28 , 2009 . Production was handled by several producers , including Jim Jonsin , Mr. Collipark , J.R. Rotem and Big E , among others . The album has sold 25,000 copies in its first week , debuting at number 12 on the US Billboard 200 on April 22 , 2009 . As of February 1 , 2014 , the album has sold 200,000 copies in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8b2a3e9c1e6e3b2ff71f87f8c9eb759", "text": "Lovework Lovework , is the critically acclaimed debut Hiphop album by Gabriel Teodros , released February 27 , 2007 on MassLine Media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cdf7d822b8e22c7793e0f42f517e58e", "text": "Love.Live.Life Love.Live.Life is the third studio album to be released by British hip hop group N-Dubz , released on 29 November 2010 , as a collaboration by All Around the World and Island Records . Following the release of the album the group announced an indefinite hiatus to focus on all three individual solo projects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058afefa67b6fb8d792ac9263a11fbbe", "text": "More Love Songs More Love Songs is a 1986 album by Loudon Wainwright III released on Rounder Records . Wainwright had moved to England , and this was the second album produced by ( and featuring ) Richard Thompson . Critically and popularly it is probably considered the peak of his 1980s renaissance . After three albums in four years , it would be another three years before he released the largely ignored Therapy . The style of the album combines purely acoustic staples like `` Your Mother and I '' with piano-driven ballads like `` The Back Nine '' and full-blown rockers like `` Vampire Blues '' and `` Hard Day on the Planet '' . Wainwright also careens emotionally from the sad `` Overseas Call '' to the laugh-out-loud `` Synchronicity '' . Wainwright also enjoyed a period of popularity as a regular on The Jasper Carrott Show in the UK , and many of the songs from his following album were written during this time as well as some ( still ) unreleased ones . By the late 1980s Wainwright was back in the USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84a64d5b5d8039cc01156b3691fafaa6", "text": "Love Us or Hate Us Love Us or Hate Us is the fourth album released by rap group , Dirty . It was released on September 30 , 2003 through Rap-a-Lot Records and featured production from Dirty , Mike Jackson and R. Kelly . The album peaked at # 160 on the Billboard 200 and # 22 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums and was the duo 's first album to be distributed by Rap-a-Lot Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42eeefbff4aaebde94c39fff844fe24f", "text": "More Love (album) More Love is the fifth studio album recorded by American country music artist Doug Stone . Released in 1993 on Epic Records , it features the singles `` I Never Knew Love , '' `` Addicted to a Dollar , '' and `` More Love , '' all of which were Top Ten hits on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks ( now Hot Country Songs ) charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "065a035e14310efe21e9b4f701cc96b2", "text": "Mike City Mike City ( born Michael Flowers in Philadelphia ) is an American singer-songwriter and record producer . He is best known for producing the singles `` I Wish '' for Carl Thomas , `` Heard It All Before '' for Sunshine Anderson , `` Full Moon '' for Brandy and `` One Woman Man '' for Dave Hollister . He became a mentor of Anderson 's after a friend discovered her singing a song by Lalah Hathaway in the cafeteria line at North Carolina Central University . He earned the moniker Mike City because he was an avid listener of the house music group Ten City . Initially a songwriter , City became a singer by trade and later a producer after needing an outlet to use the songs he wrote . He started out playing drums and bass , but switched to keyboards after graduating from high school in 1987 . Flowers is also the founder and CEO of Unsung Entertainment , Inc. . He is also a member of Iota Phi Theta fraternity , a predominantly African-American national fraternity . He was initiated at Alpha Epsilon Chapter at North Carolina Central University in Spring 1988 . He is noted for production on Brandy albums Full Moon and Human . In 2015 , he began a new music project titled `` Lewis City '' alongside British House & Garage Producer Danny J Lewis", "title": "" } ]	fever
09ff7536e1af2ed3bc5b75266cccf8d7	My Own Private Idaho premiered at a film festival in 1991.	[ { "docid": "8207672018a5f468f4148b848bcc0516", "text": "My Own Private Idaho My Own Private Idaho is a 1991 American independent adventure drama film written and directed by Gus Van Sant , loosely based on Shakespeare 's Henry IV , Part 1 , Henry IV , Part 2 , and Henry V , and starring River Phoenix and Keanu Reeves . The story follows two friends , Mike and Scott , as they embark on a journey of personal discovery that takes them to Mike 's hometown in Idaho and then to Italy in search of Mike 's mother . Van Sant originally wrote the screenplay in the 1970s , but discarded it after reading John Rechy 's 1963 novel City of Night and concluding that Rechy 's treatment of the subject of street hustlers was better than his own . Over the years , Van Sant rewrote the script , which comprised two stories : that of Mike and the search for his mother , and Scott 's story as a modern update of the Henry IV plays . Van Sant had difficulty getting Hollywood financing , and at one point considered making the film on a minuscule budget with a cast of actual street kids . After Van Sant sent copies of his script to Reeves and then Reeves showed it to Phoenix , both agreed to star in the film on each other 's behalf . My Own Private Idaho had its premiere at the 48th Venice International Film Festival , and received largely positive reviews from critics including Roger Ebert and those of The New York Times and Entertainment Weekly . The film was a moderate financial success , grossing over $ 6.4 million in North America , which was above its estimated budget of $ 2.5 million . Phoenix received several awards for his performance in the film , including the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the 1991 Venice Film Festival , Best Male Lead from the Independent Spirit Awards , and Best Actor from the National Society of Film Critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3edd19028d174d4dc9d38ef407c24472", "text": "48th Venice International Film Festival The 48th annual Venice International Film Festival was held on 3 to 14 September 1991 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "63a8b40243933601f50d2a62d650ad2f", "text": "Buffalo Niagara Film Festival The Buffalo Niagara Film Festival is a film festival in the United States held in Buffalo , New York which showcases over 35 films annually . The inaugural festival was held March 26-21 , 2007 . The festival is held in the Riviera Theatre in North Tonawanda , New York . Established in 2007 , the festival features independent films from the USA and worldwide with a special category for Western New York filmmakers . The program includes feature films , student films , short films , music videos and animated films . The event is produced by Captures Entetertainment . The 2015 event took place from April 10 until April 18 . In addition to film screenings , industry leaders and others will present seminars and panel discussions on topics of interest to filmmakers , screenwriters , and entertainment industry professionals . Opening and Closing Night Galas , Filmmaker Receptions , and a Festival Expo featuring products and services from BNFF Sponsors and others are held during the festival . A Film Market is held during Festival Week , to provide filmmakers , distributors , and buyers the opportunity to network , and conduct business . The festival presents the following awards : JURY AWARDS Best Feature Film , Best Animation Film , Best Student Film , Best Screenplay , Best Short Film , Best Documentary Film , Most Promising Director , The Falls Award -- For Best West NY Film . AUDIENCE AWARDS Best Feature Film , Best Animation Film , Best Documentary Film , Best Music Video , Best Short Film , Best Student Film , Best West NY Film GENRE AWARDS Best Drama , Best Thriller , Best Docudrama , Best Action/Adventure , Best Comedy , Best Original Concept In 2011 , Jeffrey W. Pike 's Love and Defiance received the award for Best Screenplay in Short film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29c8e2f4a5043af973a44c79b8e6a52e", "text": "1975 Deauville American Film Festival The 1st Deauville American Film Festival took place at Deauville , France from September 3 to 7 , 1975 . It was created by French writer Lionel Chouchan and French journalist and television producer André Halimi , which they described as '' ( to ) show films that only a few privileged - amazed or astonished -- people had discovered , in New York or Los Angeles , to French audiences , without exclusion , barriers or bias '' . It occurs every year since its creation at the end of the summer . They received funding from French entrepreneur and businessman Lucien Barrière 's group and mayor of Deauville at that time , Michel d'Ornano . The festival was non-competitive in nature and remained so until 1995 . It screened 12 feature films at three different sites , International Centre ( 1,500 seats ) , the Casino ( 700 vehicles ) and the Cinéma Morny ( two rooms of 271 and 99 seats ) . Initially the festival was attended by locals but with passing years its popularity increased and attracted international attention . The festival also highlighted the best of American cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d52d44dcd8da51e5ec50cac0b1a964e7", "text": "Vegas in Space Vegas in Space is a 1991 science fiction/comedy film , directed by Phillip R. Ford and released by Troma Entertainment , about three male space travelers who must become women in order to complete a secret mission on the all-female planet Clitoris . Deliberately campy , the film was written by , and starred , Doris Fish , one of Sydney and San Francisco 's most noted drag queens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e81c1e5654c102c2c52e3f2949c6a3df", "text": "New Year's Day (1989 film) New Year 's Day is a 1989 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Henry Jaglom . It was entered into the main competition at the 46th Venice International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b97dd1bfa216de7455571e50686e5252", "text": "Spokane (film) Spokane is a film that premiered at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival , written and directed by Larry Kennar . The cast included Kyle Bornheimer and Jason Waters . A short film , with a run time of only 29 minutes . It was awarded an honorable mention in the international shorts category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bb00d95fd1e80b91338b5073e5e43c3", "text": "Chicago Underground Film Festival Chicago Underground Film Festival , ( CUFF ) founded in 1994 , occurs each spring at various venues in Chicago , Illinois , US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbfbdb69b9ae41428b121de835aaee9f", "text": "On My Own (film) On My Own is a 1991 film starring Judy Davis and Matthew Ferguson . Ferguson plays Simon Henderson , a student at an Ontario boarding school , whose father lives in Hong Kong , and whose mother ( played by Davis ) is from England . The plot revolves around Simon coming to terms with the revelation that his mother suffers from schizophrenia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d19d848e78e0b6ee38eb9ce676359e74", "text": "Love Your Shorts Film Festival The Love Your Shorts Film Festival is a film festival held in Sanford , Florida , around Valentine 's Day . The Festival screens only short films under 30 minutes in length . Films are divided into different blocks for screening . Audience members at each block vote for their favorite film and winners are announced on the spot . The winning films from each block advance to a final block for a panel of judges to pick the overall festival winner . Winners of each block earn the festival 's award , the `` Monroe , '' an original piece of metal artwork named after Sanford 's Lake Monroe . At the end of each block a brief Q&A session is conducted between the filmmakers and audience members . The Festival hosts an hour-long moderated filmmakers panel in which movie techniques and filmmaker triumphs and tribulations are discussed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcfcf712016410e2ab90a10445e6a506", "text": "Bare Bones International Film Festival The Bare Bones International Film and Music Festival was founded in 1999 by the Darkwood Film Arts Institute ( DFAI ) in the city of Muskogee , Oklahoma to showcase independent motion picture projects with budgets of less than 1 million dollars ( hence Bare Bones ) . The festival runs for eleven days each year in late April at several venues in downtown Muskogee . MovieMaker Magazine called Bare Bones a `` small-town festival that celebrates indie auteurs , directors , screenwriters , actors and cinematographers in a big way . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd0fb3dacabd19579d66cd88cd8c2fe9", "text": "FilmArtFestival Mecklenburg-Pomerania The FilmArtFestival Mecklenburg-Pomerania in Schwerin ( filmkunstfest Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ) , founded in 1991 -- just after the fall of the wall -- is today one of East Germany 's largest film festivals with more than 17,000 visitors . It has a competition for feature film , documentary film and short film to be produced or co-produced in Germany , Austria or Switzerland . The main prize is the Flying Ox ( Fliegender Ochse ) , a hint to the armorial bearings of the State of Mecklenburg , the Taurus . The main prize is endowed with 10.000 $ by the Ministry of Education , Science and Culture Mecklenburg-Pomerania . The Findling Award is by the umbrella organization of the art house cinemas , cultural cinemas and film clubs , the Verband für Filmkommunikation . The festival takes place usually in the first week of May .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb08ccbd0ec90b96bc65fc75d9447eab", "text": "A Case of Honor A Case of Honor is a 1991 Australian/Philippine international co-production film directed by Eddie Romero .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15f5d86b8ae48165fa29a134835cb0c6", "text": "Sam & Me Sam & Me is a 1991 Canadian film directed by well-known Indo-Canadian filmmaker Deepa Mehta . It was her debut movie as a director . The film went on to win an honourable mention at the Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4722d93bcd63ec1f66a55754f6927bf", "text": "The Secret Face The Secret Face ( Gizli Yüz ) is a 1991 Turkish drama film written and directed by Ömer Kavur . It was screened in competition at the 48th Venice International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa06bf9fc7ba5619a3f0f67b83196f05", "text": "Midwest Independent Film Festival The Midwest Independent Film Festival is the nation 's only film festival solely dedicated to the Midwest filmmaker . Only films from the eight-state Midwest region of Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Michigan , Minnesota , Missouri , Ohio and Wisconsin are considered for screening . This film festival is also unique in that it is held throughout the year , presenting audiences with the finest independent films from the Midwest every first Tuesday of the month . The Midwest Independent Film Festival prides itself on showcasing emerging directors , powerful artistic visions , and strong cinematic stories . These exceptional films combine with an exciting social atmosphere and a state-of-the-art screening venue to create one of the premier festivals in the Midwest . The Midwest Independent Film Festival is hosted every first Tuesday of the month at Chicago 's Landmark Century Centre Cinema of Landmark Theatres . Sponsors include Resolution Digital Studios , Zacuto , Fletcher Chicago , Orbit Media Studios , O'Connor Casting , Flashpoint The Academy of Media Arts and Sciences , Zipcar , The Chicago Film Office , The Illinois Film Office , Zaroban Design , Crunch Fitness , Getty Images , Screen Magazine and Kodak . This festival is sometimes referred to as `` The Midwest Film Festival , '' `` The Midwest Indie , '' or simply `` The Midwest . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb86e15032902d1c16bd73e4a192affa", "text": "1991 in fine arts of the Soviet Union The year 1991 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1113504e859f327f9993e18d172e8634", "text": "Little Marines Little Marines is a 1991 adventure film directed by A.J. Hixon . It is a G-rated family film that ( because of its extremely low budget ) has remained widely overlooked and unnoticed by audiences and critics alike .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "009cad48574075a817dc69b59cb0d66b", "text": "Coeur d'Alene, Idaho Coeur d'Alene ( -LSB- kɔər_dəˈleɪn -RSB- ) is the largest city and county seat of Kootenai County , Idaho , United States . It is the principal city of the Coeur d'Alene Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of the 2010 census , the population of Coeur d'Alene was 44,137 . The city is a satellite city of Spokane , which is located about 30 mi to the west , in the state of Washington . The two cities are the key components of the Spokane-Coeur d'Alene Combined Statistical Area , of which Coeur d'Alene is the third largest city ( after Spokane and its largest suburb , Spokane Valley ) . Coeur d'Alene is the largest city in northern Idaho Panhandle . The city is situated on the north shore of Lake Coeur d'Alene , 25 mi in length . Locally , Coeur d'Alene is known as the `` Lake City , '' or simply called by its initials : `` CDA '' . The city of Coeur d'Alene has grown significantly in recent years , in part because of a substantial increase in tourism , encouraged by several resorts in the area . Broadcaster and media figure Barbara Walters called the city `` a little slice of Heaven '' and included it in her list of most fascinating places to visit . On November 28 , 2007 , Good Morning America broadcast the city 's Christmas lighting ceremony because its display is among the largest in the United States . The Coeur d'Alene Resort takes up a prominent portion of the city 's downtown . It is also near two major ski resorts : Silver Mountain Resort to the east in Kellogg , and Schweitzer Mountain Ski Resort to the north in Sandpoint . The city is named after the Coeur d'Alene People , a federally recognized tribe of Native Americans who lived along the rivers and lakes of the region , in a territory of 5,500 sqmi extending into Washington and Montana . They were first encountered by French fur traders in the late 18th and early 19th century , who referred to them as Cœur d'Alène , meaning `` heart of an awl , '' reflecting their experience of the tribal traders as tough businessmen , `` sharp-hearted '' or `` shrewd '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a606f16873a82b6cf613a4dc1174e58", "text": "Sun Valley Opera House The Sun Valley Opera House was built in 1937 in Sun Valley , Idaho , as a movie theater . The picturesque Opera House has a 344-seat capacity and a state-of-the-art sound system ( installed in 1999 ) . It is the site for special events and as well as nightly showing of first-run movies . It is located in the Sun Valley Village , near the Sun Valley Lodge and Sun Valley Inn . During the summer and winter seasons , the 1941 movie `` Sun Valley Serenade '' is shown free of charge daily at 5:00 pm . At other times of the year it is shown free of charge at 4:30 pm on Tuesdays , Thursdays , and Sundays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abda6b65899e7bed9da63c0eeba4e343", "text": "Dances with Wolves Dances with Wolves is a 1990 American epic Western film directed by , produced by , and starring Kevin Costner . It is a film adaptation of the 1988 book of the same name by Michael Blake and tells the story of a Union Army lieutenant who travels to the American frontier to find a military post and his dealings with a group of Lakota Indians . Costner developed the film with an initial budget of $ 15 million . Dances with Wolves had high production values and won seven Academy Awards including Best Picture and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Drama . Much of the dialogue is spoken in Lakota with English subtitles . It was shot in South Dakota and Wyoming , and translated by Albert White Hat , the chair of the Lakota Studies Department at Sinte Gleska University . The film is credited as a leading influence for the revitalization of the Western genre of filmmaking in Hollywood . In 2007 , Dances with Wolves was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e93d816e77a9acdcc61b45cb010a4c79", "text": "Palm Springs Festival of Festivals Palm Springs Festival of Festivals used to take place in October/November Palm Springs , California . It was established in 2001 by Craig Prater , Executive Director , as a showcase of short and feature films as a challenge to the longer-standing Palm Springs International Film Festival , of which Prater had previously been director . The festival aimed to attract all ages of the community , with the inclusion of a four-day International Children 's Film Festival complete with a youth panel of jurors and awards created by elementary age children to acknowledge participants . All profits from the Children 's Festival were donated to the Children 's Museum of the Desert . The Palm Springs chapter of Women in Film sponsored the award ceremony . Awards included Best Female Director , Best New Director , The Hadassah Award , The Passion Latino Award , Best Jewish Film , The Diversity Awareness Award , Audience Awards and the Vision Award , given to the best digital film .", "title": "" } ]	fever
58ff7efa2133c2a3233dc70c7d05686f	Rob Lowe acted in television roles.	[ { "docid": "8c19a1b45659a9ceafa262a709b49453", "text": "Rob Lowe Robert Hepler Lowe ( -LSB- ˈloʊ -RSB- born March 17 , 1964 ) is an American actor . He came to prominence in the 1980s , playing teen and young adult roles in films such as The Outsiders ( 1983 ) , Oxford Blues ( 1984 ) , St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , and About Last Night ... ( 1986 ) . However , he continued acting in less prominent film roles , and went on to high-profile roles in television series such as The West Wing ( 1999 -- 2003 ) , Brothers & Sisters ( 2006 -- 2010 ) , and Parks and Recreation ( 2010 -- 2014 ) . In addition to receiving an Emmy Award nomination in 2001 for his work on The West Wing , Lowe has been nominated for six Golden Globe Awards ; his nominations span four of the seven categories for male actors .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "eba0886583f27c9878f64dd7c3112252", "text": "44th Primetime Emmy Awards The 44th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday , August 30 , 1992 . The ceremony was broadcast on Fox from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena , California . It was hosted by Tim Allen , Kirstie Alley and Dennis Miller , and directed by Walter C. Miller . Presenters included Roseanne Barr , Tom Arnold , Scott Bakula , Candice Bergen , Corbin Bernsen , Beau Bridges , Lloyd Bridges , and Cindy Crawford . The program was written by Buddy Sheffield and Bruce Vilanch . Over 300 million people watched the ceremony in 30 countries . A rule change , instituted for this year only , stated that regular and guest performers would compete in the same category . There could be lead guest or supporting guest . On the comedy side , Murphy Brown won Outstanding Comedy Series for the second time , winning three major awards on the night , the most for a comedy series . On the drama side , L.A. Laws strangle hold on Outstanding Drama Series came to an end , as Northern Exposure took home the award . Northern Exposure also won three major awards and received nine major nominations , which tied for the most in each category . For the first time in its run , The Golden Girls , then in its seventh and final season , was not nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series . After being on the air for thirty years , The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson finally heard its name called when its final season won for Outstanding Variety , Music , or Comedy Program . The show was first nominated for the category in 1964 and was 0/13 before this ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ecf03421135f619f592d762f0f63e07", "text": "The Intruder (TV series) The Intruder was a British drama series made by Granada Television for the ITV network and was broadcast on Sundays from 2 January to 20 February 1972 . There were eight episodes made , all of them running 25 minutes . The series was based on the children 's book of this same name by John Rowe Townsend , published in 1970 . The novel was well received , and won numerous awards , it was adapted for television in 1971 , before being shown on television the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e01a48d25c2f96d3ca92dfcb8b062a2", "text": "Catastrophe (2015 TV series) Catastrophe is a British sitcom first broadcast on 19 January 2015 on Channel 4 . It stars Sharon Horgan as Sharon Morris and Rob Delaney as Rob Norris , who get together after she becomes pregnant following a brief affair while he is in the UK on business . Carrie Fisher , Ashley Jensen , and Mark Bonnar play supporting characters in the series . The show was renewed for a second series in January 2015 and began broadcasting from 27 October 2015 , having been brought forward from its original schedule of early 2016 . In July 2016 , Catastrophe was renewed for a third and fourth series . The third series , which began broadcasting in the UK on 28 February 2017 , comprises 6 episodes -- which all became available in the Untied States on April 28 , 2017 , hosted by Amazon . The fourth series of the show is scheduled for 2018 . For her performance in the show , Sharon Horgan was nominated for a 2016 British Academy Television Awards for Best Female Comedy Performance in 2016 . Both Horgan and Delaney won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Writer : Comedy . The show was nominated for a Peabody Award . In July 2016 , the show received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Writing For a Comedy Series , going to Horgan and Delaney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5edaccf6f4708a94cc464f77a02b54ee", "text": "Kurtwood Smith Kurtwood Larson Smith ( born July 3 , 1943 ) is an American television and film actor . He is known for playing Clarence Boddicker in RoboCop ( 1987 ) and Red Forman in That '70s Show , as well as for his many appearances in science fiction films and television programs ( Star Trek , The X-Files ) . He also starred in the seventh season of 24 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07cd83192e2fa12eba1d135cfbd1198e", "text": "Neighbours Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 . It was created by TV executive Reg Watson , who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together . Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson 's Sons and Daughters , which aired on the network . Although successful in Melbourne , Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it . The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten . After taking over production of the show , the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them . Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986 , taking off where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171 . Neighbours has since become the longest running drama series in Australian television and in 2005 , it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . On 11 January 2011 , Neighbours moved to Ten 's digital channel , Eleven . The show 's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough , a fictional suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The series primarily centres on the residents of Ramsay Street , a short cul-de-sac , and its neighbouring area , the Lassiters complex , which includes a bar , hotel , cafe , police station , lawyers ' office and park . Neighbours began with three families created by Watson -- the Ramsays , the Robinsons and the Clarkes . Watson said that he wanted to show three families who are friends living in a small street . The Robinsons and the Ramsays had a long history and were involved in an ongoing rivalry . Pin Oak Court , in Vermont South , is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street since 1985 . All of the houses featured are real and the residents allow the production to shoot external scenes in their yards . The interior scenes are filmed at the Global Television studios in Forest Hill . Through its entire run in Australia , Neighbours has been screened as a twenty-two-minute episode each week night in an early-evening slot . In Australia it is currently broadcast each weeknight at 6:30 pm on Eleven . The show is produced by FremantleMedia and has been sold to over sixty countries around the world , making it one of Australia 's most successful media exports . Neighbours was first screened in the United Kingdom in October 1986 on BBC1 where it achieved huge popularity among British audiences in the late 1980s and 1990s . In 2008 , it moved to the UK 's Channel 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94ded29f9d269a47fe61b513697e62be", "text": "Robert Russell (English actor) Robert Russell ( 24 May 1936 -- 12 May 2008 ) was an English actor known for a memorable supporting role as John Stearne alongside Vincent Price in the classic British horror film Witchfinder General ( 1968 ) . He was born in Kent , England . His family emigrated to South Africa for 9 years when he was aged 11 . He worked in a gold mine after leaving school . He returned to England and trained as an actor at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art . He then appeared on stage with stars such as Laurence Olivier and Michael Gambon , as a member of the National Theatre touring company . He made numerous appearances on UK television , often playing tough characters and villains due to his imposing stature , including The Avengers , The Sweeney , Space : 1999 , Blake 's 7 and Doctor Who , playing a guard in the serial entitled The Power of the Daleks and a Highland Games Champion , The Caber , in Terror of the Zygons . Some of his other film appearances included Othello ( 1965 ) , The Whisperers ( 1967 ) , Bedazzled ( 1967 ) with Peter Cook and Dudley Moore , Inspector Clouseau ( 1968 ) , The Breaking of Bumbo ( 1970 ) , Man in the Wilderness ( 1971 ) with Richard Harris , Sitting Target ( 1972 ) , Double Exposure ( 1977 ) , Queen of the Blues ( 1979 ) starring Mary Millington , Ivanhoe ( 1982 ) , Oliver Twist ( 1982 ) , and the TV film of The Sign of Four ( 1983 ) . He lived for the last 14 years of his life in Maidenhead , Berkshire and died there of a heart attack at his home aged 71 . * Note : This is from a Public Member Trees search on Ancestry , where the date of death is oddly given as 18 May 2008 ( see discussion ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2bf8a473fd0116fdfa032f37599aed0", "text": "Alex Norton Alexander Hugh `` Alex '' Norton ( born 27 January 1950 ) is a Scottish television , film and voice actor . He is perhaps best known for his roles as DCI Matt Burke in the STV detective drama series Taggart , Eric Baird in BBC Two Sitcom Two Doors Down , DCS Wallace in Extremely Dangerous , Gerald Finlay in Waterloo Road and Eddie in the Renford Rejects . He has also had roles in internationally successful films including Braveheart , Local Hero and Les Misérables .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9906a129d4c931dc7260eff32cdf996", "text": "Sears Radio Theater Sears Radio Theater was a radio drama anthology series which ran weeknights on CBS Radio in 1979 , sponsored by the Sears chain . Often paired with The CBS Radio Mystery Theater during its first season , the program offered a different genre of drama for each day 's broadcast . In January 1980 , the program moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System and became the Mutual Radio Theater . The Mutual series broadcast repeats from the CBS run until September 1980 , when a short season of new dramas was presented . Sears continued as a sponsor during the Mutual run . Monday was `` Western Night '' and was hosted by Lorne Greene . Tuesday was `` Comedy Night '' , hosted by Andy Griffith . Wednesday was `` Mystery Night '' with Vincent Price as host . Thursday was `` Love and Hate Night '' with Cicely Tyson doing honors as host . Finally , Friday brought `` Adventure Night '' , first hosted by Richard Widmark and later by Howard Duff and then by Leonard Nimoy . Actors heard on the series included Jim Jordan , Henry Morgan , Daws Butler , June Foray , Parley Baer , Mary Jane Croft , Howard Culver , John Dehner , Virginia Gregg , Janet Waldo , Vic Perrin , Hans Conried , Marvin Miller , Elliott Lewis , Jeff Corey , Lesley Woods , Robert Rockwell , Lurene Tuttle , Eve Arden , Keith Andes , Harriet Nelson , Alan Young , Tom Bosley , Marion Ross , Lloyd Bochner , Rick Jason , Frank Campanella , Toni Tennille , Arthur Hill , Dan O'Herlihy , Jesse White and Frank Nelson . Actress Peggy Webber was heard on 52 episodes . It was produced and directed by Fletcher Markle and Elliott Lewis . The theme was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle . Though less long-lived than NPR 's Earplay or the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , it was an ambitious attempt to reinvigorate a neglected field . Like Earplay , it was broadcast in stereo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8ff5e5ccef373441d5aefc5d5f9731b", "text": "The Robinsons The Robinsons is a British comedy television series that debuted on BBC Two on 5 May 2005 . The show 's central character is a divorced reinsurance actuary , Ed Robinson ( played by Martin Freeman ) , who realises that reinsurance is not his passion and decides to rethink his life . The series is written and directed by Mark Bussell and Justin Sbresni . The show 's executive producers include Jon Plowman and Michele Buck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d20ce5d8d3fa2e15a913ea216a0ad6ff", "text": "The Wilderness Years (Nick Lowe album) The Wilderness Years is a CD by British singer-songwriter Nick Lowe . It was released in 1991 in the United Kingdom . It was not released in the United States . The album contains material recorded following the demise of the band Brinsley Schwarz , which featured Lowe as the singer and bass player , and before the release of Lowe 's first solo album , Jesus of Cool ( titled Pure Pop for Now People in the U.S. ) in early 1978 . Three tracks were previously released on other albums , while others were issued on singles or EP 's . `` I Love My Label '' was included on the 1977 Stiff Records sampler album A Bunch of Stiff Records . `` Rollers Show '' and the studio version of `` Heart of the City '' were both included on Pure Pop for Now People ( but were not contained on Jesus of Cool ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efcbcdb90d91c3bb0f7838f07ef6802c", "text": "Rob Green (film director) Rob Green is a film director , producer , editor and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52a0cef3c12503f0c207fc6d2e4b8687", "text": "BBC Entertainment BBC Entertainment is an international television channel broadcasting comedy , drama , light entertainment , reality and children 's programming ( some regions only ) from the BBC , Channel 4 and other UK production houses . The channel broadcasts regional versions to suit local demands and replaces BBC Prime . It is wholly owned by BBC Worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dff47f86d769d6bcf0e0c08d6fe2c2dc", "text": "Rob Storey (Home and Away) Rob Storey is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera Home and Away , played by Matthew Lilley . He appeared in the series from 13 July 1994 until 12 May 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30bfddc8df905a4052ae484f1dc35215", "text": "The Closer (1998 TV series) The Closer is an American television sitcom that aired on CBS for 10 episodes in 1998 . The show starred Tom Selleck as a successful advertising agency executive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55b34387d4e5e891bb7825df9f73faee", "text": "Todd Lowe Todd Lowe ( born May 10 , 1977 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his role as Terry Bellefleur on HBO 's True Blood , and as Zach Van Gerbig on Gilmore Girls . Lowe most recently played Terry Bellefleur on HBO 's True Blood , a PTSD-suffering Iraq War veteran who works as a short order cook at Merlotte 's Bar & Grill . In addition to television and film , Todd has starred in over twenty stage productions and has worked on several plays written by playwright Justin Tanner . Lowe has been a singer and guitarist for Pilbilly Knights , a country-rock band based in Los Angeles . The band released a compact disc , California Nigth Club ( sic ) in January 2007 . He is currently a member of another rock country band , The LA Hootenanny . Lowe is a graduate of The University of Texas at Austin graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1999 . While looking for jobs as an actor , Lowe worked as a substitute teacher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d31f0441d90e8ca6569b7c0493e0c6a6", "text": "Rob Brown (journalist) Rob Brown is a Canadian television journalist and anchor for CBC News Calgary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c06ef519fc8bd04724911f6b65c715c", "text": "The Man from U.N.C.L.E. The Man from U.N.C.L.E. is an American spy fiction television series broadcast on NBC . It follows secret agents , played by Robert Vaughn and David McCallum , who work for a secret international counter-espionage and law enforcement agency called U.N.C.L.E. Originally , co-creator Sam Rolfe wanted to leave the meaning of U.N.C.L.E. ambiguous so it could refer to either `` Uncle Sam '' or the United Nations . Concerns by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 's ( MGM ) legal department about using `` U.N. '' for commercial purposes resulted in the producers ' clarification that U.N.C.L.E. was an acronym for the United Network Command for Law and Enforcement . Each episode had an `` acknowledgement '' to the U.N.C.L.E. in the end titles . The series premiered on September 22 , 1964 and discontinued its run on January 15 , 1968 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77f7a5b82f563a7af58b0c5cbd6b94cb", "text": "Pathfinders (TV series) Pathfinders ( 1972 -- 73 ) is a ITV drama set in the Second World War , telling the story of the fictitious Royal Air Force 192 Pathfinder squadron . The Pathfinders were specialised RAF squadrons that marked targets for the RAF 's heavy bombers . The series used radio controlled Avro Lancaster models for the flying scenes . The technical adviser for the series was Group Captain Hamish Mahaddie . The music was by Malcolm Lockyer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f545e0cccd47df4a75801d6d37fb12b", "text": "Murder 101 (film series) Murder 101 is the name of a series of four made-for-television mystery films released by the Hallmark Channel between 2006 and 2008 , and now appearing regularly on the Hallmark Movie Channel . They starred Dick Van Dyke and his son Barry Van Dyke . It may look like a continuation of Diagnosis : Murder , but Barry instead plays the son of an old friend of his father 's character ; there are some other differences . While on the Hallmark Channel , it was broadcast in rotation with the movie series McBride , Mystery Woman , and Jane Doe , under the umbrella title Hallmark Channel Mystery Wheel . In the UK , these movies are aired , on a rotation basis , in the afternoon drama slot on channel 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7996e9d50e5c2d451622f3cef7b81e26", "text": "Analog television Analog television or analogue television is the original television technology that uses analog signals to transmit video and audio . In an analog television broadcast , the brightness , colors and sound are represented by rapid variations of either the amplitude , frequency or phase of the signal . Analog signals vary over a continuous range of possible values which means that electronic noise and interference becomes reproduced by the receiver . So with analog , a moderately weak signal becomes snowy and subject to interference . In contrast , a moderately weak digital signal and a very strong digital signal transmit equal picture quality . Analog television may be wireless or can be distributed over a cable network using cable converters . All broadcast television systems preceding digital transmission of digital television ( DTV ) used analog signals . Analog television around the world has been in the process of shutting down since the late 2000s .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5c766b2c6785521825c1b1db8ae6484c	Evan Peters is involved with Elvis & Nixon	[ { "docid": "e7d21976b516d536cb15c59bf3494dca", "text": "Elvis & Nixon Elvis & Nixon is a 2016 American comedy-drama film directed by Liza Johnson and written by Joey Sagal , Hanala Sagal , and Cary Elwes . The film stars Kevin Spacey as President Richard Nixon and Michael Shannon as singer Elvis Presley , and focuses on the December 21 , 1970 meeting between the two men at the White House . The film also stars Alex Pettyfer , Johnny Knoxville , Colin Hanks , and Evan Peters . The film was released on April 22 , 2016 by Amazon Studios and Bleecker Street .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "47668317243484497af3750218ff8f45", "text": "Avatar Records Avatar Records is an independent record label and management company founded by Larry Robinson with offices in Los Angeles and London , England . The company was founded in 1987 in the garage of his family home in South Los Angeles . Projects released on Avatar include The Oz Soundtrack , Planet Asia , Fear of a Black Hat Soundtrack , Bishop Don Magic Juan , the NVA Straight from the Crates compilation , the soundtrack to the television show Girlfriends , and others . Avatar has digitally distributed over three hundred record labels with songs by artists including Anya Marina , Metallica , Bruce Springsteen , Wu-Tang Clan , Mary J. Blige , Amy Winehouse , Erykah Badu , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30f14090704d2dc5139b752f4fe5ca2b", "text": "ELP Communications ELP Communications ( formerly known as T.A.T. Communications Company , Embassy Television , Embassy Telecommunications , and Embassy Communications ) was an American television production company that originally began in 1974 . The company remains as an in-name only unit of Sony Pictures Television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aae605cee00b15b24025e924709c60d0", "text": "A Band of Angels A Band Of Angels were a mid-1960s pop group , featuring Mike d'Abo ( vocals , various instruments ) , John Edward Baker ( lead guitar ) , John Christian Gaydon ( vocals , rhythm guitar ) , Andrew Charles Malcolm Glywn Petre ( drums ) , David Robert Wilkinson ( bass guitar ) . Mike d'Abo went to Manfred Mann , while John Gaydon became a manager , involved with King Crimson , Julie Felix , Emerson , Lake & Palmer , T. Rex and Roxy Music in partnership with A Band of Angels former road manager David Enthoven . They later co-founded E.G. Records . Andrew Petre joined a group called Timebox in the period September 1966 until August 1967 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62d6bf59f03e61930ea5ed648418cecd", "text": "Him (play) Him is a 1995 play written by actor Christopher Walken , who also took the lead role and which debuted in the New York Shakespeare Festival . It revolved around the afterlife of Elvis Presley , the singer who , as the author himself turned 15 , became his first idol . The play , Walken 's first venture into playwriting , adopts a surreal tone , and is replete with references to aspects of Presley 's life , as well as to other pieces of theatre , including Hamlet and those of Tennessee Williams . While it enjoyed some positive comments , it was largely panned by the critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e557a89cb451437b263d4ba98a9809d9", "text": "Too Much (Elvis Presley song) `` Too Much '' is a # 1 song recorded in a hit version by Elvis Presley and published by Elvis Presley Music in 1956 . It was written by Bernard Weinman and Lee Rosenberg . It was first recorded in 1954 by Bernard Hardison on Republic Records . Elvis Presley recorded the song in September 1956 and first performed it on January 6 , 1957 on CBS-TV 's `` The Ed Sullivan Show . '' Released as a single , Presley 's `` Too Much '' reached number one on both the Cashbox and Billboard sales charts and went to number three on the R&B chart . The single peaked at number two on the then-named Top 100 chart , the main Billboard pop chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c646305535a94ad6994165976ee7a6a", "text": "AE: Apocalypse Earth AE : Apocalypse Earth is a 2013 American science fiction film produced by The Asylum and directed by Thunder Levin , starring Adrian Paul and Richard Grieco . It 's also a mockbuster of After Earth and Oblivion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "577ae019495b65da70a8e13ffc4e5022", "text": "Sam Nixon Sam Nixon ( born 21 March 1986 ) is an English singer and television presenter . He came third on the Pop Idol television series in 2003 and is now one half of the duo Sam & Mark , with the other being Mark Rhodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7896c19f9dc9d74730e19f00f050bf91", "text": "Elvis Presley Birthplace The Elvis Presley Birthplace is a historic museum site in Tupelo , Mississippi dedicated to the preservation of the birthplace of American musician Elvis Presley , as well as listed on the Mississippi Blues Trail . The museum site includes the birthplace home of Elvis Presley , a museum , a chapel , and the Assembly of God Church building where the Presley family worshipped . Financially , times were hard on Vernon and Gladys , and they had to move out of the shotgun house when he was only a few years old for lack of payment . Vernon and Gladys worked various jobs while in Tupelo and moved several different times during the thirteen years they resided in Mississippi . An F5 tornado struck eight miles outside the city on April 5 , 1936 . The one-year-old Elvis and his mother , Gladys , survived the storm because it did not destroy their house . His father , Vernon , was out of town looking for work at that time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "706dfd1d597ab227e95e65cf29c4dc45", "text": "Hearts & Flowers Hearts & Flowers was a Los Angeles folk rock club band , perhaps most significant as one of the groups that launched the career of Eagles ' founding member and guitarist-songwriter , Bernie Leadon . The lineup included Larry Murray ( vocals , guitar ) , Dave Dawson ( vocals , guitar , autoharp ) , and Rick Cunha ( vocals , guitar ) . The individual members met at the ongoing Monday night jam sessions being held at The Troubador over which Murray presided . Cunha and Dawson , who played in a duo , were newcomers as recent transplants to the area from Hawaii . After a few informal picking sessions , the trio gelled and started performing . `` We had a unique sound , a very strange sound , particularly because we found what we did best was old , traditional , country hillbilly music , Murray told John Einarson . `` That became the core of what we did , the three of us , and we took it from there . '' The group 's sound was described as `` Merle Haggard-meets-Sgt . Pepper '' as a result of the wide-ranging influences each member brought to Hearts & Flowers . This included the aforementioned Haggard , plus Buck Owens , The Louvin and Everly brothers , The Country Gentlemen , The Beatles , and Bob Dylan . With such unorthodox influences -- plus the fact that the band featured autoharp -- , the group was torn about the direction it wanted to take . `` Had it been up to us , we would have gone way country , '' said Cunha . `` We wanted it to be commercial and fit into the pop market , but left to our own devices it would have been even more country . Production changed what we would have done . '' Meanwhile , Hearts & Flowers was influencing local musicians who heard them in various folk clubs around the Los Angeles area . This included several people who would later be credited with developing the then-germinating Southern California country-rock sound . Jim Messina ( Buffalo Springfield , Poco , Loggins and Messina ) says , `` Those three guys were probably the closest thing to what we were all flowing into . They were the cutting edge of where the rest of us were going . They were the black that did n't quite have the edge sharped on it yet . I got my first Telecaster from Rick Cunha . '' The group signed a deal with Capitol Records ' Folk World label in December 1966 . Once in the studio , the trio was filled out with studio musicians and steered into a more folk direction . On the road , the group would be augmented with an ever-changing series of musicians including Terry Paul ( Kris Kristofferson ) , Pete Carr ( The Hour Glass ) , and Karen Carpenter ( The Carpenters ) . Tensions over the direction of the group eventually came to a head . Cunha left the group in Fall 1967 to write country music and produce . Leadon replaced Cunha for the second album in 1968 . Leadon was well known to Murray as they had played in the Scottsville Squirrel Barkers , a San Diego bluegrass group responsible for launching both those members ' careers as well as those of Chris Hillman ( The Byrds , The Flying Burrito Brothers , Manassas ) and Kenny Wertz ( The Flying Burrito Brothers , Country Gazette ) . Among venues they played during the mid-1960s , were Los Angeles clubs Ledbetter 's , Doug Weston 's Troubadour , The Whisky-a-Go-Go , and the Ash Grove , primarily as an opening act . Some of the groups with whom they shared a bill included The Doors , Bill Monroe , The Buffalo Springfield , and Blue Cheer . After recording two albums without major success , the group disbanded in 1968 . Murray claims the group was `` in a rut '' and each member was working with other , different musicians . `` But for a simple twist of fate , we could have been huge . We had what it took , we had a lot of charisma , the personality of the group was amazing . But I do n't think we were focused business-wise . We tended to go with losers , because they were less high-pressure , and we dodged the real pressure people whose asses we should have been kissing . But you do what you do . Everything we did seemed like a good idea at the time . '' The timing of the break-up could n't have been worse . It was just prior to the release of the seminal country-rock album by The Byrds , Sweetheart of the Rodeo , and the subsequent formation of The Flying Burrito Brothers , both of which are credited with popularizing the genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c14bfbffdf897234bc1739f0d17553c9", "text": "Ben Weisman Ben Weisman ( November 16 , 1921 -- May 20 , 2007 ) was an eccentric American composer significant for having written more songs recorded by Elvis Presley ( fifty seven ) than any other songwriter in history . The Mad Professor as Weisman was nicknamed by Elvis , worked with the King from 1956 ( `` First in Line '' ) to 1971 ( `` Change of Habit '' ) . Their early association ( 1957 -- 62 ) produced many of the most powerful rockers and poignant ballads in Presley 's repertoire , including `` Got a Lot o ' Livin ' to Do '' , `` Follow That Dream '' , `` Rock-A-Hula Baby '' , `` Crawfish '' , `` As Long As I Have You '' , `` Pocketful of Rainbows '' and `` Fame And Fortune '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa99e2f821a2ebfb81d621e4411ee510", "text": "Deanna Summers Deanna ( Dea ) Summers ( May 30 , 1940 in New Albany , MS -- February 14 , 2017 in Garland , TX ) was an American songwriter born in Mississippi . The family relocated to Memphis , Tennessee in 1952 where she attended Kingsbury Jr. . High School . She also attended Humes High School before her family relocated to Dallas , Texas . She has been an active member of BMI ( Broadcast Music Incorporated ) as both a songwriter and publisher affiliate since 1965 . She is co-owner of Silicon Music Publishing and many of her compositions have been recorded by various artists . Her songs and published works have appeared on Capri Records , Tear Drop Records , Charay Records , Mister Rock Records , Enviken Records , Le Cam Records , Country Disco Records , Rollercoaster Records , Primo Records , Crystal Clear Sound Records , Collector Records , Collectable Records , Big Beat Records , Lake County Records , Domino Records , Front Row Records , Maridene Records , Helvis Records , W&G Records , Overtone Records . In 1977 she wrote `` Goodbye Priscilla ( Bye Bye Baby Blue ) '' as a tribute to Elvis Presley and Priscilla Presley . The song was issued by Tear Drop Records in 1977 and became one of her most popular compositions . The `` Goodbye Priscilla '' 45 is now a much sought-after collectible and has been issued on several Elvis `` tribute '' compilation albums and CDs . She later met with Priscilla Presley and personally presented her with a copy of the original 45rpm record . When `` Goodbye Priscilla '' was first released in 1977 there was some confusion about which Priscilla it was written for-Priscilla Presley or Priscilla Davis who was a main character in the famous Cullen Davis Murder Trials . In his book `` Blood Will Tell-The Murder Trials Of Cullen Davis '' author Gary Cartwright credits the song ( page 199 ) as referring to Priscilla Davis . However , this song was written solely for Priscilla Presley as a tribute to Elvis . Summers was profiled in the Dictionary of International Biography ( 1982 Edition published by IBC Cambridge ) . She is also profiled in Songwriter 's Market ( 1979 -- Present ) published by Writer 's Digest Books .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "504d849a963cb440636fd5dc8897d828", "text": "G. E. Smith George Edward `` G. E. '' Smith ( born January 27 , 1952 ) is an American guitarist . He was the lead guitarist in the band Hall & Oates and the musical director of Saturday Night Live . Smith was lead guitarist of Bob Dylan 's touring band from June 7 , 1988 , to October 19 , 1990 . Smith also served as musical director of The 30th Anniversary Concert Celebration for Bob Dylan at Madison Square Garden on October 16 , 1992 . As a session player , Smith has performed and recorded with an exceptionally wide spectrum of influential artists . His own albums include In The World ( 1981 ) , Get A Little ( with the Saturday Night Live Band , 1993 ) and Incense , Herbs and Oils ( 1998 ) . Smith was the lead guitarist for the band Moonalice until December 2009 . He played guitar in the tour of Roger Waters ' The Wall Live . Smith and his band provided entertainment at the Republican National Convention in Tampa Florida in the last week of August 2012 as well as the Republican National Convention in Cleveland , Ohio during July 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "712f65bfe64239f614d79aec32106faa", "text": "When I Was Cruel When I Was Cruel is Elvis Costello 's 19th album , recorded in 2001 and 2002 and released in the US by Island Records on 23 April 2002 . The album includes the hits `` 45 '' and `` 15 Petals '' . Although formally credited as solo Costello album , this was the first album to feature his new band , The Imposters . Their only difference from his previous band , The Attractions ( active 1978-87 , and 1994 -- 96 ) , was the replacement of bassist Bruce Thomas , with whom Costello had feuded , with Davey Faragher ( formerly of Cracker ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db0ea59c7d6544031ef8ff0a48770dc6", "text": "Judy Spreckels Judy Spreckels ( née Powell , born 1933 ) is an American writer , publisher and trial historian . She died in 2015 . She was a friend of Elvis Presley during the rock 'n' roll singer 's rise to stardom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eacd47dc44e6a1dc749dc8ef7bac0057", "text": "Neopolitan (album) Neopolitan is the 1991 debut album by Odds . It is named for the flavour of ice cream ; although intentionally a misspelling ( the ice cream flavour is actually spelled neapolitan ) , `` neopolitan '' is the spelling that appears on the album cover . Members of the band have stated that the album title was intentionally misspelled in order to see if anyone would pick up on their cunning . `` Neo '' - new , `` politan '' - people . New People . The first two hits were `` Love is the Subject '' and `` King of the Heap '' . Third single `` Wendy Under the Stars '' featured the controversial refrain `` I was fucking Wendy under the stars/The night that Elvis died '' . A true story . '' An edited version of the song , with the lyric changed to `` I made love to Wendy '' , was released to radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e4ec95fc452bb842d0832ddeee59569", "text": "Deep Blue (Mark Peters and Elliot Ireland album) Deep Blue is the debut collaborative studio album by Mark Peters of Engineers and Elliot Ireland , formerly of Shaft , released on September 4 , 2015 , through Pedigree Cuts , a label that boasts Peters ' Engineers bandmate , Ulrich Schnauss , on its roster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc7212a2969125051c05f04056192066", "text": "Elvis (1973 album) Elvis is a 1973 album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley . It sold over 1 million copies worldwide despite being released soon after the much more successful Aloha from Hawaii album . It is sometimes called The Fool album after one of the songs included in it , to differentiate it from the 1956 album of the same title . `` Fool '' was issued as a single and reached number 15 in the UK , backed by a live version of `` Steamroller Blues '' . `` Fool '' and `` Where Do I Go From Here '' were recorded in March 1972 . `` It 's Impossible '' is a live recording from the Hilton Hotel in Las Vegas from February 1972 . Tracks 3 , 4 , 6 -- 10 were leftovers from the March and May 1971 recording sessions at RCA 's Studio B in Nashville . Three songs feature Presley on piano : `` It 's Still Here '' , `` I 'll Take You Home Again , Kathleen '' and `` I Will Be True '' . These three selections were all released together for a second time as part of the 1980 boxed set , Elvis Aron Presley . The song `` Fool '' was also released in this collection . Four other songs in this album were also reissued in other albums : `` It 's Impossible '' ( Pure Gold , 1975 ) , `` Padre '' ( He Walks Beside Me , 1978 ) , '' ( That 's What You Get ) For Lovin ' Me '' ( A Canadian Tribute , 1978 ) and `` Do n't Think Twice , It 's All Right '' ( Our Memories Of Elvis Volume 2 , 1979 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb583fdfca5ab895d7190a02243a400f", "text": "Jesus Christ Superstar (film) Jesus Christ Superstar is a 1973 American musical drama film directed by Norman Jewison and co-written by Jewison and Melvyn Bragg based on the Andrew Lloyd Webber/Tim Rice rock opera of the same name . The film , starring Ted Neeley , Carl Anderson , Yvonne Elliman , and Barry Dennen , centers on the conflict between Judas and Jesus during the week before the crucifixion of Jesus . Neeley and Anderson were nominated for two Golden Globe Awards in 1974 for their portrayals of Jesus and Judas , respectively . Although it attracted criticism from some religious groups , reviews for the film were positive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6860dd965ef07c930f9ddc30600d080f", "text": "Evan Lindquist Evan Lindquist ( born May 23 , 1936 ) is an American artist and printmaker , and the Artist Laureate for the State of Arkansas , 2013-2017 . He has concentrated on the medium of copperplate engraving for more than 50 years . His compositions are memorable for their emphasis on calligraphic lines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "712a45a89348e3ec80499ff47919afbe", "text": "Paul Evan Peters Paul Evan Peters ( December 12 , 1947 - November 18 , 1996 ) was named one of the American Library Association 's 100 most important leaders in the 20th century for his leadership of the Coalition for Networked Information ( CNI ) . His work was interdisciplinary , often blurring the lines between library science and technology . Peters was widely respected amongst his colleagues for his contributions , being called an `` imagineer , '' `` Mr. Internet himself , '' and even a `` prophet '' . However , he is likely most well known as the founding executive director of CNI .", "title": "" } ]	fever
14c9c88bb12f050a2dce0ba856e06ae2	California has a desert.	[ { "docid": "f80dde670fb64e65a6dfda24fa68f778", "text": "California California ( -LSB- kælᵻˈfɔːrnjə , _ - ni.ə -RSB- , ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area . Located on the western ( Pacific Ocean ) coast of the U.S. , California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon , Nevada , and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California . The state capital is Sacramento . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second largest after New York City . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second - and fifth-most populous urban regions , respectively . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . California 's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west to the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the east ; and from the redwood -- Douglas fir forests in the northwest to the Mojave Desert in the southeast . The Central Valley , a major agricultural area , dominates the state 's center . Though California is well-known for its warm Mediterranean climate , the large size of the state means it can vary from moist temperate rainforest in the north , to arid desert in the interior , as well as snowy alpine in the mountains . What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries . The Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony . The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its successful war for independence , but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican -- American War . The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California , and admitted as the 31st state on September 9 , 1850 . The California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes , with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom . If it were a country , California would be the 6th largest economy in the world and the 35th most populous . It is also regarded as a global trendsetter in both popular culture and politics , and is the origin of the film industry , the hippie counterculture , the Internet , and the personal computer , among others . Fifty-eight percent of the state 's economy is centered on finance , government , real estate services , technology , and professional , scientific and technical business services . The San Francisco Bay Area has the nation 's highest median household income by metropolitan area , and is the headquarters of three of the world 's largest 40 firms by revenue , Chevron , Apple , and McKesson . Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the state 's economy , California 's agriculture industry has the highest output of any U.S. state .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "2bda57c0c2981743e44a94c2748ca690", "text": "San Joaquin (soil) San Joaquin is an officially designated state insignia , the state soil of the U.S. state of California . The California Central Valley has more than 500,000 acres ( 2,000 km ² ) of San Joaquin soils , named for the south end of that valley . This series is the oldest continuously recognized soil series within the State . It is one of California 's Benchmark Soils , and a soil profile of it is displayed in the International Soil Reference and Information Centre 's World Soil Museum . The San Joaquin series became the official state soil on August 20 , 1997 , the result of efforts by students and teachers from Martin Luther King , Jr. . Middle School in Madera , natural resource professionals , the Professional Soil Scientists Association of California , legislators , and various state universities . These soils are used for irrigated crops , such as wheat , rice , figs , almonds , oranges , and grapes , and for pasture and urban development . San Joaquin soils formed in old alluvium on hummocky topography . A cemented hardpan a few feet beneath the surface restricts roots and water percolation . San Joaquin soils are classified in USDA soil taxonomy as fine , mixed , active , thermic abruptic durixeralfs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ab72c0bf0f26915c846a90858c011ed", "text": "San Bernardino County, California San Bernardino County , officially the County of San Bernardino , is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 2,035,210 , making it the fifth-most populous county in California , and the 12th-most populous in the United States . The county seat is San Bernardino . San Bernardino County is included in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , also known as the Inland Empire , as well as the Los Angeles-Long Beach , CA Combined Statistical Area . With an area of 20,105 square miles , San Bernardino County is the largest county in the United States by area , although some of Alaska 's boroughs and census areas are larger . It is larger than each of the nine smallest states , larger than the four smallest states combined , and larger than 70 different sovereign nations . Located in southeast California , the thinly populated deserts and mountains of this vast county stretch from where the bulk of the county population resides in two Census County Divisions , some 1,422,745 people as of the 2010 Census , covering the 450 square miles ( 1,166 km2 ) south of the San Bernardino Mountains in San Bernardino Valley , to the Nevada border and the Colorado River .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9ce3c6b366efb224647dfb8debd2ded", "text": "Rosa californica Rosa californica , the California wildrose , or California rose , is a species of rose native to the U.S. states of California and Oregon and the northern part of Baja California , Mexico . The plant is native to chaparral and woodlands and the Sierra Nevada foothills , and can survive drought , though it grows most abundantly in moist soils near water sources .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e8254b6eb1a83b64b6e99bb6ffabe84", "text": "California Code of Civil Procedure The California Code of Civil Procedure ( commonly abbreviated to Code Civ . Proc . in formal legal citations or just CCP in treatises and other less formal contexts ) was enacted by the California State Legislature in March 1872 as the general codification of the law of civil procedure in the U.S. state of California , along with the three other original California Codes . It contains most California statutes that govern the filing and litigation of lawsuits in the Superior Courts of California , as well as legal notices that must be given in a variety of circumstances . It also includes statutes of limitations that control the period of time during which a lawsuit must be commenced . It also contained some statutes governing the legal profession , but those were later relocated into the Business and Professions Code . Originally , the CCP was the codification of the Practice Act of 1851 , as amended and revised . In turn , the Practice Act had been modeled after the New York Code of Civil Procedure of 1850 , which was largely drafted by the law reformer David Dudley Field II . Hence , California is considered to be a `` Field Code '' state . The CCP also partially codified the law of evidence , but in 1965 , the evidentiary provisions were repealed and replaced by the new California Evidence Code , which unlike the CCP , was deliberately intended to displace and supersede the common law of evidence . Like the 28 other California Codes , the CCP is frequently amended by the Legislature . Unlike most other states , California never followed the federal trend towards transferring authority over procedural law to the courts through statutes like the federal Rules Enabling Act . Instead , the California Rules of Court ( CRC ) cover only relatively minor matters such as the formatting of court papers and case management rules implementing the Trial Court Delay Reduction Act of 1986 . Nearly all important procedural provisions ( i.e. , the ones that can make or break a case ) continue to exist in the form of CCP sections . As a result , whenever the Judicial Council of California identifies a major defect in California civil procedure , it can not fix it by promulgating a new court rule , but must instead lobby the Legislature and Governor to amend the CCP . Today , the CCP is comprehensive only with regard to trial court procedure . As a result of a bill pushed through the Legislature at the suggestion of Chief Justice Phil S. Gibson in 1941 , appellate procedure in California is governed primarily by the CRC . As a Field Code state , California continues to subscribe to the `` primary right '' or `` ultimate fact '' theory of pleading ( also known as `` fact pleading '' ) which has been traditionally followed by Field Code states . This means that California adheres to an arcane distinction between what constitutes pleading of a mere `` fact , '' versus an `` ultimate fact , '' versus a `` conclusion of law . '' Also , California is one of two states , along with Virginia , which uses the demurrer as the primary pre-answer attack on the complaint . Most states and the federal courts have switched to modern `` notice pleading '' and use the motion to dismiss for failure to state a cause of action instead of the demurrer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "010a31d08029e776727cda6180d6453e", "text": "Droughts in California Throughout history , California has experienced many droughts , such as 1841 , 1864 , 1924 , 1928-1935 , 1947-1950 , 1959-1960 , 1976-1977 , 2006-2010 , and 2012-2017 . As the most populous state in the United States and a major agricultural producer , drought in California can have a severe economic as well as environmental impact . Drought may be due solely or in combination to weather conditions ; economic or political actions ; or population and farming . The article will touch on the causes of drought , such as lack of new infrastructure , limited reservoir capacity , leaky distribution systems , etc. . . Also following up with the effects of these droughts and their impacts on the state of California , short term and long term . Then discussing the top historically droughts throughout history and finishing with possible responses , which will discuss mitigation and adaptation to the droughts that can possibly be implemented .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d68ee9675c29308d8f7f5a61a04a368", "text": "Klamath Mountains The Klamath Mountains are a rugged and lightly populated series of mountain ranges in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon in the western United States . They have a varied geology , with substantial areas of serpentinite and marble , and a climate characterized by moderately cold winters with very heavy snowfall and warm , very dry summers with limited rainfall , especially in the south . As a consequence of the geology and soil types , the mountains harbor several endemic or near-endemic trees , forming one of the largest collections of conifers in the world . The mountains are also home to a diverse array of fish and animal species , including black bears , large cats , owls , eagles , and many species of salmon . Millions of acres in the mountains are managed by the United States Forest Service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b67a97f82a849f3b5ce7244ed184f2e", "text": "Monarch butterfly conservation in California The U.S. state of California has instituted numerous conservation programs , policies , laws , reserves and Habitat restoration projects throughout the state to facilitate the health and migration of the western population of the monarch butterfly ( Danaus plexippus ) . The population of western monarchs require very different breeding and overwintering habitat when compared to the eastern population of monarch butterflies . They require specific micro-climatic conditions to survive the winter and they are sensitive to habitat changes at the overwintering sites . The large aggregations of butterflies are seen as the most vulnerable at their overwintering locations along the coast . Many monarch overwintering sites are contained within the `` coastal zone '' ; an area defined by the Coastal Zone Management Act to be 1000 yards inland from the high tide mark . Large number of overwintering sites are outside the coastal zone . There are more than 450 overwintering sites in California documented since the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78711b71392a977c2f16264ae3e8889f", "text": "Desert Yard Desert Yard is a part of the Union Pacific Railroad ( formerly Southern Pacific ) freight yard located in West Oakland , California . It is bordered on the east by a residential/warehouse district and on the west by the Oakland Army Base . It also lies underneath a tangling mass of freeway interchanges , notably the 880 , 580 , and San Francisco -- Oakland Bay Bridge connection . All of these freeway interchanges were built after the Cypress Freeway , initially located seven blocks to the east of Desert Yard , collapsed during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake . Local lore among railroaders is that Desert Yard got its name because there was no water tank available to refill steam locomotives back in the early part of the twentieth century when it was a much larger and much more integral part of the region 's railroading . Category : Rail yards in the United States Category : Properties of the Union Pacific Railroad Category : Transportation in Oakland , California", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6a5a71bf986deab1d5b4a45766659e1", "text": "Puerto Peñasco Puerto Peñasco ( Geʼe Ṣuidagĭ ) is a city located in Puerto Peñasco Municipality in the northwest of the Mexican state of Sonora , about 100 km from the border with the U.S. state of Arizona . It is located on the small strip of land that joins the Baja California Peninsula with the rest of Mexico . The area is part of the Altar Desert , one of the driest and hottest of the larger Sonora Desert . Because of the lack of water , this area had no permanent settlements until the 1920s . In the 1930s and 1940s , the construction of a rail line connecting Baja to the rest of Mexico passed through and allowed for the development of a permanent town . For most of its history , the area has been associated with fishing , which is still a major source of income . However , since the 1990s , there has been a push to develop the area for tourism , as it is already heavily visited by people from Arizona and California . Puerto Peñasco is often called `` Rocky Point '' in English , and has been nicknamed `` Arizona 's beach '' as it is the coast closest to the major cities of Phoenix , Tucson , and Yuma , and many Arizonans spend weekends and vacations there .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7581f77781e10ccef9184f49045662d", "text": "Cronese Mountains The Cronese Mountains are found in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County , California in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c229966325fcec84af042e15a3197dbb", "text": "Desert A desert is a barren area of land where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life . The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to the processes of denudation . About one third of the land surface of the world is arid or semi-arid . This includes much of the polar regions where little precipitation occurs and which are sometimes called polar deserts or `` cold deserts '' . Deserts can be classified by the amount of precipitation that falls , by the temperature that prevails , by the causes of desertification or by their geographical location . Deserts are formed by weathering processes as large variations in temperature between day and night put strains on the rocks which consequently break in pieces . Although rain seldom occurs in deserts , there are occasional downpours that can result in flash floods . Rain falling on hot rocks can cause them to shatter and the resulting fragments and rubble strewn over the desert floor is further eroded by the wind . This picks up particles of sand and dust and wafts them aloft in sand or dust storms . Wind-blown sand grains striking any solid object in their path can abrade the surface . Rocks are smoothed down , and the wind sorts sand into uniform deposits . The grains end up as level sheets of sand or are piled high in billowing sand dunes . Other deserts are flat , stony plains where all the fine material has been blown away and the surface consists of a mosaic of smooth stones . These areas are known as desert pavements and little further erosion takes place . Other desert features include rock outcrops , exposed bedrock and clays once deposited by flowing water . Temporary lakes may form and salt pans may be left when waters evaporate . There may be underground sources of water in the form of springs and seepages from aquifers . Where these are found , oases can occur . Plants and animals living in the desert need special adaptations to survive in the harsh environment . Plants tend to be tough and wiry with small or no leaves , water-resistant cuticles and often spines to deter herbivory . Some annual plants germinate , bloom and die in the course of a few weeks after rainfall while other long-lived plants survive for years and have deep root systems able to tap underground moisture . Animals need to keep cool and find enough food and water to survive . Many are nocturnal and stay in the shade or underground during the heat of the day . They tend to be efficient at conserving water , extracting most of their needs from their food and concentrating their urine . Some animals remain in a state of dormancy for long periods , ready to become active again when the rare rains fall . They then reproduce rapidly while conditions are favorable before returning to dormancy . People have struggled to live in deserts and the surrounding semi-arid lands for millennia . Nomads have moved their flocks and herds to wherever grazing is available and oases have provided opportunities for a more settled way of life . The cultivation of semi-arid regions encourages erosion of soil and is one of the causes of increased desertification . Desert farming is possible with the aid of irrigation and the Imperial Valley in California provides an example of how previously barren land can be made productive by the import of water from an outside source . Many trade routes have been forged across deserts , especially across the Sahara Desert , and traditionally were used by caravans of camels carrying salt , gold , ivory and other goods . Large numbers of slaves were also taken northwards across the Sahara . Some mineral extraction also takes place in deserts and the uninterrupted sunlight gives potential for the capture of large quantities of solar energy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23dafeb43673351a1d35158f06e0fb11", "text": "Atacama Desert The Atacama Desert ( Desierto de Atacama ) is a plateau in South America , covering a 1000 km strip of land on the Pacific coast , west of the Andes mountains . It is the driest non-polar desert in the world . According to estimates , the Atacama Desert proper occupies 105000 km2 , or 128000 km2 if the barren lower slopes of the Andes are included . Most of the desert is composed of stony terrain , salt lakes ( salares ) , sand , and felsic lava that flows towards the Andes . Geographically , the aridity of the Atacama is explained by it being situated between two mountain chains ( the Andes and the Chilean Coast Range ) of sufficient height to prevent moisture advection from either the Pacific or the Atlantic Oceans , a two-sided rain shadow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "002967cf86b0e9a87178e7323df0093e", "text": "Western Desert cultural bloc The Western Desert cultural bloc or just Western Desert is a cultural region in central Australia covering about 600,000 square kilometres , including the Gibson Desert , the Great Victoria Desert , the Great Sandy and Little Sandy Deserts in the Northern Territory , South Australia and Western Australia . The Western Desert cultural bloc can be said to stretch from the Nullarbor in the south to the Kimberley in the north , and from the Percival Lakes in the west through to the Pintupi lands in the Northern Territory . The term is often used by anthropologists and linguists when discussing the 40 or so Aboriginal groups that live there , who speak dialects of one language , often called the Western Desert language . Apart from the Canning Stock Route and the Rabbit-proof fence , white contact with this part of Australia was very rare , until the 1960s : No one had been out there . The desert , as far as the Department -LSB- WA Dept of Suppy -RSB- was concerned ... was an unknown , as it was to the whole of Western Australia . The Warburton Ranges -LSB- were -RSB- as far as anybody got . People in those days knew absolutely nothing about Aborigines . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c67c2482fa9b5fc652e13d4a40ba5024", "text": "Flora of the Sonoran Desert Flora of the Sonoran Desert includes six subdivisions based on vegetation types . Two are north of the boundary between the United States and Mexico , and four are south of the boundary . The flora of the Colorado Desert are influenced by the environment of the very dry and hot lower areas of the Colorado River valley , which may be barren , treeless , and generally have no large cacti . Flora of the Arizona Upland are comparatively lush , with trees and large columnar cacti that can withstand winter frosts . South of the border subdivisions are characterized by plants that can not withstand frost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02e62edbca3669b75a07cb30a60082d8", "text": "California Water Wars The California Water Wars were a series of conflicts between the city of Los Angeles and farmers and ranchers in the Owens Valley of Eastern California . As Los Angeles grew in the late 19th century , it started to outgrow its water supply . Fred Eaton , mayor of Los Angeles , realized that water could flow from Owens Valley to Los Angeles via an aqueduct . The aqueduct construction was overseen by William Mulholland and was finished in 1913 . The water rights were acquired through political fighting and , as described by one author , `` chicanery , subterfuge ... and a strategy of lies . '' Since 1913 , the Owens River had been diverted to Los Angeles , causing the ruin of the valley 's economy . By the 1920s , so much water was diverted from the Owens Valley that agriculture became difficult . This led to the farmers trying to destroy the aqueduct in 1924 . Los Angeles prevailed and kept the water flowing . By 1926 , Owens Lake at the bottom of Owens Valley was completely dry due to water diversion . The water needs of Los Angeles kept growing . In 1941 , Los Angeles diverted water that previously fed Mono Lake , north of Owens Valley , into the aqueduct . Mono Lake 's ecosystem for migrating birds was threatened by dropping water levels . Between 1979 and 1994 , David Gaines and the Mono Lake Committee engaged in litigation with Los Angeles . The litigation forced Los Angeles to stop diverting water from around Mono Lake , which has started to rise back to a level that can support its ecosystem .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46ae853f4f783ceb3f602bf6fa063cb3", "text": "Brawley Formation The Brawley Formation is a geologic formation in the Colorado Desert of southern California . It occurs in northwestern Imperial County and eastern San Diego County .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05adddb7b8319d267b4f607b183cfc63", "text": "California Aqueduct The Governor Edmund G. Brown California Aqueduct is a system of canals , tunnels , and pipelines that conveys water collected from the Sierra Nevada Mountains and valleys of Northern and Central California to Southern California . The over 400 mi aqueduct is the principal feature of the California State Water Project . The Department of Water Resources ( DWR ) operates and maintains the California Aqueduct , including one pumped-storage hydroelectric plant , Gianelli Power Plant . Gianelli is located at the base of San Luis Dam , which forms San Luis Reservoir , the largest offstream reservoir in the United States . The Castaic Power Plant , while similar and which is owned and operated by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power , is located on the northern end of Castaic Lake , while Castaic Dam is located at the southern end . It is named after California Governor Edmund Gerald `` Pat '' Brown Sr. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15e097e7a3ad43e94cb7013270d64d0a", "text": "High Desert (Oregon) The Oregon high desert is a region of the U.S. state of Oregon , located east of the Cascade Range and south of the Blue Mountains , in the central and eastern parts of the state . Divided into a southern region and a northern region , the desert covers most of five Oregon counties and averages 4000 ft above sea level . The southwest region is part of the Great Basin and the southeast is the lower Owyhee River watershed . The northern region is part of the Columbia Plateau , where somewhat more rainfall allows the largest industry on private land to be the cultivation of alfalfa and hay . Public land within the region is owned primarily by the Bureau of Land Management ( BLM ) , which manages more than 30000 mi2 , including five rivers designated as Wild and Scenic . While the high desert is somewhat dry , it is only arid relative to Western Oregon . The region averages 15 in of annual rainfall ; the Alvord Desert , however , gets only 7 in of rain each year . Contrary to its name , most of the high desert is not dry enough to truly qualify as desert , and biologically , most of the region is classified as scrubland or steppe . At 9733 ft above sea level , the summit of Steens Mountain is the highest point in the high desert . The broad fault-block mountain is characteristic of the basin and range plate tectonics of the high desert . About 16 million years ago , during the early Miocene epoch , lava flows from volcanic eruptions covered about half the surface area of Oregon . The Earth 's crust then began stretching , giving way to further volcanic activity from 15 million to 2 million years ago . Several ice ages over this time formed the large lakes in the high desert . The climate of the high desert provides habitat for mammals such as pronghorn , coyote , mule deer , black-tailed jackrabbit , and cougar . Birds common in the region include sage grouse , California quail , and prairie falcon . The western juniper is the most common tree in the region , and big sagebrush and common woolly sunflower are the region 's most widespread plants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9ffbf09bddb5f2291f0d13f7a69f986", "text": "Course of the Colorado River The Colorado River is a major river of the western United States and northwest Mexico in North America . Its headwaters are in the Rocky Mountains of north central Colorado . It flows southwest through the Colorado Plateau country of western Colorado , southeastern Utah and northwestern Arizona where it flows through the Grand Canyon . It turns south near Las Vegas , Nevada , forming the Arizona -- Nevada border in Lake Mead and the Arizona -- California border below Hoover Dam . Before entering Mexico in the Colorado Desert most of its waters are diverted into the Imperial Valley of Southern California . In Mexico its course forms the boundary between Sonora and Baja California before entering the Gulf of California . This article describes most of the major features along the river .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5db2791252e7a88476ab7ca587908ff2", "text": "List of city nicknames in California This partial list of city nicknames in California compiles the aliases , sobriquets , mottos and slogans that cities in California are known by ( or have been known by historically ) , officially and unofficially , to locals , outsiders or their tourism boards or chambers of commerce . City nicknames can help in establishing a civic identity , helping outsiders recognize a community or attracting people to a community because of its nickname ; promote civic pride ; and build community unity . Nicknames and slogans that successfully create a new community `` ideology or myth '' are also believed to have economic value . Their economic value is difficult to measure , but there are anecdotal reports of cities that have achieved substantial economic benefits by `` branding '' themselves by adopting new slogans . Some unofficial nicknames are positive , while others are derisive . The unofficial nicknames listed here have been in use for a long time or have gained wide currency .", "title": "" } ]	fever
85150dc188752659bb142000716035b3	There are nine games in the Assassin's Creed series.	[ { "docid": "8ea0d48704870ba0aa5026a558281334", "text": "Assassin's Creed Assassin 's Creed is a franchise centered on an action-adventure video-game series developed by Ubisoft . It depicts in the centuries-old struggle between the Assassins , who fight for peace with free will , and the Templars , who desire peace through control . Featuring historical fiction and characters , mixed with real-world historical events , and figures . The series took inspiration from the novel Alamut by the Slovenian writer Vladimir Bartol , while building upon concepts from the Prince of Persia series . The franchise began in 2007 with the release of Assassin 's Creed . The main videogame series consists of nine games , developed by Ubisoft Montreal ( single player ) and Ubisoft Annecy ( multiplayer ) , released on PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , Xbox One , Wii U , Microsoft Windows , and OS X platforms . Many spin-off games have been made for Nintendo DS , PlayStation Portable , PlayStation Vita , iOS , HP webOS , Android , Nokia Symbian Windows Phone platforms , the handheld games are developed by Gameloft and Gryptonite Studios , with additional development by Ubisoft Montreal . The series has been well received by the public and critics , and has sold over 100 million copies , becoming Ubisoft 's best selling franchise and one of the highest selling video game franchises of all time . Additionally from the video-games the series has been expanded into a film , comics and novels ; all of which take place within the same continuity as the main video-games series .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1eb734bd5d2b1a2600ee60cbf8a45545", "text": "Myth: The Fallen Lords Myth : The Fallen Lords is a 1997 real-time tactics video game developed by Bungie for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS . Released in November 1997 in North America and in February 1998 in Europe , the game was published by Bungie in North America and by Eidos Interactive in Europe . At the time , Bungie was known primarily as developers of Mac games , and The Fallen Lords was the first game they had developed and released simultaneously for both PC and Mac . It is the first game in the Myth series , which also includes a sequel , Myth II : Soulblighter , set sixty years after the events of the first game , and also developed by Bungie , and a prequel , Myth III : The Wolf Age , set one thousand years prior to the events depicted in The Fallen Lords , and developed by MumboJumbo . The game tells the story of the battle between the forces of the `` Light '' and those of the `` Dark '' for control of an unnamed mythical land . The Dark are led by Balor and a group of lieutenants ( the titular Fallen Lords ) , whilst the Light are led by `` The Nine '' ; powerful sorcerers known as `` Avatara , '' chief amongst whom is Alric . The game begins in the seventeenth year of the war in the West , some fifty years since the rise of Balor , with the forces of Light on the brink of defeat ; almost the entire land is under the dominion of the Dark , with only one major city and a few smaller towns remaining under the control of the Light . The plot follows the activities of `` The Legion '' , an elite unit in the army of the Light , as they attempt to turn back the tide and defeat Balor . The Fallen Lords received positive reviews from critics , and is credited as a defining title in the fledging real-time tactics genre . Reviewers praised its plot , graphics , gameplay , level design , online multiplayer mode , and differentiation from traditional real-time strategy games . The most often criticized aspects were the difficulty of the single-player campaign , which many reviewers felt was far too high , even on the lowest setting , and some awkwardness in controlling units . The game went on to win multiple awards , including `` Strategy Game of the Year '' from both PC Gamer and Computer Gaming World , and `` Game of the Year '' from both Computer Games Strategy Plus and Macworld . It was also a commercial success , selling over 350,000 units worldwide across both systems , earning back roughly seven times its budget . At the time , it was Bungie 's most successful game , and served to bring them to the attention of PC gamers and , more specifically , Microsoft , who would purchase the company in 2000 . The Myth series as a whole , and Soulblighter in particular , supported an active online community for over a decade after the official servers went offline . The first formally organized group of volunteer-programmers was MythDevelopers , who were given access to the game 's source code by Bungie . The most recently active Myth development group is Project Magma , an offshoot of MythDevelopers . These groups have worked to provide ongoing technical support for the games , update them to newer operating systems , fix bugs , release unofficial patches , create mods , and maintain online servers for multiplayer gaming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e06a983e860ae56c3683e6865ad3473", "text": "Lara Croft Go Lara Croft Go is a 2015 turn-based puzzle video game in the Tomb Raider series . The player moves Lara Croft as a puzzle piece through a board game while avoiding obstacles and manipulating the environment . The developers distilled major series motifs , such as boulder chases and reaction-based gameplay , to suit Lara Croft Go time-independent gameplay . Square Enix Montreal developed the game as a spiritual successor to its 2014 Hitman Go , based on another Square Enix franchise . The company released Lara Croft Go in August 2015 for Android , iOS , Windows , and Windows Phone devices . A version for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita was unveiled in November 2016 . The game received generally favorable reviews . Critics praised its aesthetics , puzzle design , and fidelity to the series , but criticized its short length and disputed its degree of difficulty . It was selected for a 2016 Apple Design Award , Apple 's 2015 iPhone game of the year , and best mobile/handheld game at the 2015 The Game Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced22cafc443d7af70932ce31781fa5e", "text": "Warhammer 40,000 Roleplay Warhammer 40,000 Roleplay is a role-playing game system with multiple source books set within the Warhammer 40,000 universe . The first game using the system , Dark Heresy , was created by Black Industries , which closed soon after the initial release . Official support was recently discontinued by Fantasy Flight Games . The Warhammer 40,000 Roleplay system is explained and used with small differences in a series of independently playable games . Each has a different , narrow focus and multiple supporting books of its own : In Dark Heresy ( 2008 ) , the player characters are agents of the Inquisition . In Rogue Trader ( 2009 ) , the player characters are important members of ship crews in interstellar trade and exploration , often encountering xenos . Deathwatch ( 2010 ) , has a martial focus . The player characters are loyalist Space Marines . Black Crusade ( 2011 ) , has a martial focus . The player characters are followers of Chaos ( not necessarily soldiers ) . Only War ( 2012 ) , has a martial focus . The player characters are Imperial Guardsmen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8539fba84f86cd1f9ca6477e0bdbe556", "text": "Party (role-playing games) thumb \| right \| A party of adventurers in Tales of Trolls & Treasures . A party is a group of characters adventuring together in a role-playing game . In tabletop role-playing , a party is composed of a group of players , occasionally with the addition of non-player character allies ( sometimes called henchmen ) controlled by those players or by the gamemaster . In computer games , the relationship between the party and the players varies considerably . Online role-playing games or MMORPG parties are often , in the above sense , of the same constituency as tabletop parties , except that the allies are always controlled to a lesser or greater extent by the computer AI . In single-player computer games , the player generally controls all party members to a varying degree . Examples of games which have parties include the tabletop RPG Vampire : the Requiem , the single-player role-playing Baldur 's Gate series , MMORPGs such as World of Warcraft , Anarchy Online and Warhammer Online , and the multi-player computer action-RPG Final Fantasy XI .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33da760870bfa9d1d86441fcdb92c1b0", "text": "Heroes of Might and Magic III Heroes of Might and Magic III : The Restoration of Erathia is a turn-based strategy game developed by Jon Van Caneghem through New World Computing originally released for Microsoft Windows by the 3DO Company in 1999 . Its ports to several computer and console systems followed in 1999-2000 . It is the third installment of the Heroes of Might and Magic series . The game 's story is first referenced throughout Might and Magic VI : The Mandate of Heaven and serves as a prequel to Might and Magic VII : For Blood and Honor . The player can choose to play through seven different campaigns telling the story , or play in a scenario against computer or human opponents . The gameplay is very similar to its predecessors in that the player controls a number of heroes that command an army of creatures inspired by myth and legend . The gameplay is divided into two parts , tactical overland exploration and a turn based combat system . The player creates an army by spending resources at one of the eight town types in the game . The hero will progress in experience by engaging in combat with enemy heroes and monsters . The conditions for victory vary depending on the map , including conquest of all enemies and towns , collection of a certain amount of a resource , or finding the grail artifact . Heroes III was released to universal acclaim and was praised by critics . The game received the expansion packs Heroes of Might and Magic III : Armageddon 's Blade and Heroes of Might and Magic III : The Shadow of Death . Heroes Chronicles , a series of short introductory games based on the Heroes III engine , was also released . A special version of Heroes III titled Heroes III Complete , which included the original game and both expansion packs , was released in 2000 . On December 10 , 2014 , Ubisoft announced an HD version of the game . The new version features updated graphics as well as wide screen compatibility and was released on January 29 , 2015 for Microsoft Windows , iOS and Android . However , the expansions have not been re-released because their source code is lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c7853bff08cc75df8a081051455564a", "text": "List of Tales media The Tales series , known in Japan as the , is a franchise of fantasy Japanese role-playing video games published by Bandai Namco Games ( formerly Namco ) , and developed by its subsidiary , Namco Tales Studio ( formerly Wolf Team ) until 2011 and presently by Bandai Namco . First begun in 1995 with the development and release of Tales of Phantasia for the Super Famicom , the series currently spans fifteen main titles , multiple spin-off games and supplementary media in the form of manga series , anime series , and audio dramas . While entries in the series generally stand independent of each other with different characters and stories , they are commonly linked by their gameplay , themes and high fantasy settings . Most of the main Tales games have been localized for North America and Europe , although almost all of the spinoff titles have not been released abroad . While generally seen as a niche series in English speaking regions , Tales is considered a high-profile property in Japan , just behind other series such as Final Fantasy and Dragon Quest . As of December 2013 , the series has sold 16 million units worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550cd5293425c85941169f6065afa6c2", "text": "Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots Metal Gear Solid 4 : Guns of the Patriots is an action-adventure stealth video game developed by Kojima Productions and published by Konami exclusively for the PlayStation 3 console . It is the sixth Metal Gear game directed by Hideo Kojima , and was released worldwide on June 12 , 2008 . Set five years after the events of Metal Gear Solid 2 : Sons of Liberty , the story centers around a prematurely aged Solid Snake , now known as Old Snake , as he goes on one last mission to assassinate his nemesis Liquid Snake , who now inhabits the body of his former henchman Revolver Ocelot under the guise of Liquid Ocelot , before he takes control of the Sons of the Patriots , an A.I. system that controls the activities of PMCs worldwide . Guns of the Patriots received universal acclaim , garnering perfect reviews and Game of the Year awards from several major gaming publications , including GameSpot , which claimed that the game was `` technically flawless '' . Often considered to be one of the seventh generation of console gaming 's most significant titles , its release caused a boost in sales of the PlayStation 3 , where it sold over six million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bafe8b0f525da610a600d3c7ffecc00", "text": "Final Fantasy Adventure Final Fantasy Adventure , originally released in Japan as ( Holy Sword Legend : Final Fantasy Side Story ) , and later released in Europe as Mystic Quest , is a Final Fantasy spinoff and the first game in the Mana series . Published by Square in 1991 on the Game Boy , it saw a North American re-release by Sunsoft in April 1998 . Originally being developed under the name Gemma Knights , features gameplay roughly similar to that of the original The Legend of Zelda , but with the addition of role-playing statistical elements . Along with Final Fantasy Mystic Quest , Final Fantasy Adventure was the first Final Fantasy game to be released in Europe . A remake , Sword of Mana , was released in 2003 changing the plot and many gameplay aspects . A second remake was released on mobile phones in Japan which improved the graphics and music of the original version . A third remake , Adventures of Mana , was released for iOS , Android , and PlayStation Vita on February 4 , 2016 . The story follows the hero and the young heroine as they attempt to thwart the Dark Lord of Glaive and his sorcerer assistant , Julius , from destroying the Tree of Mana and dooming their world . The game was released with many familiar elements of the Final Fantasy series , such as Chocobos , but these were later changed to feature common enemies and the gameplay style of the Mana series . Final Fantasy Adventure was met with generally positive reviews at the time of its release . Over the course of time , reviewers have considered it one of the best action adventure games on the Game Boy . The game also spawned an entirely new game series , called the Mana series , which became a successful video game role-playing franchise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28e5f4ca897e9f35c964e39fa7dbedb0", "text": "ARMA: Armed Assault ARMA : Armed Assault ( stylized as AA ; known as ARMA : Combat Operations in North America ) , is a tactical military first - and third-person shooter , released in late 2006 . ARMA is the spiritual successor to Operation Flashpoint : Cold War Crisis ( later renamed and re-released as ARMA : Cold War Assault by Bohemia Interactive ) and features an overhauled game engine , with improved graphics , physics , multiplayer functionality , scripting capabilities , and new units and vehicles . An expansion pack titled ARMA : Queen 's Gambit was released in 2007 . Because of legal issues between BI and Codemasters ( the original publishers of Operation Flashpoint ) , Codemasters owns the intellectual property to the name Operation Flashpoint . Since BI severed its connection with Codemasters and no longer has the legal right to use the Operation Flashpoint name , Armed Assault is considered to be the direct descendant of Operation Flashpoint . ARMA 2 ( previously referred to as `` Game 2 '' ) was released in June 2009 . Codemasters has released a rival title to BI using the name Operation Flashpoint : Dragon Rising , in which BI has no participation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f08855acef5a7014c871c237e3ff2da4", "text": "Ezio Auditore da Firenze Ezio Auditore da Firenze ( -LSB- ˈettsjo audiˈtoːre da fiˈrentse -RSB- ) is a fictional character in the video game series Assassin 's Creed . His career as an Assassin during the Italian Renaissance serves as central plot of Assassin 's Creed II , II : Discovery , Brotherhood , and Revelations , as well as the animated short film Embers . Ezio also makes an appearance as a playable character in the fighting game Soulcalibur V. Ezio is an ancestor of Desmond Miles , the protagonist of most of the series ' backstory , who experiences Ezio 's life through a device unlocking hidden memories inside his DNA . First appearing in Assassin 's Creed II , a young Ezio witnesses the execution of his father and brothers at the hands of Templar conspirators . After killing the man responsible for their deaths , Ezio begins a journey to avenge his family and free Italy from Templar control . While rebuilding the Assassin Order , Ezio breaks the Templar dominance in Italy , Spain , and the Ottoman Empire . In his later years , Ezio begins his search for Altaïr 's library in Masyaf and helps restore the Ottoman Assassin Order . After discovering Altaïr 's piece of Eden , he decides to retire from the Assassin Order to live a more peaceful life . The character as such , his depiction , personality and development , as well as the chronicling of his entire life , have received critical acclaim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "540109d64106f34fe981ac38766ba3cb", "text": "Krondor: The Assassins Krondor : The Assassins is a fantasy novel by Raymond E. Feist . It is the second book in The Riftwar Legacy and was published in 1999 by HarperCollins under their Voyager imprint . It was preceded by Krondor : The Betrayal and followed by the third book in the saga , Krondor : Tear of the Gods . The series was originally planned to be five books but the project was stalled by the owners , due to some differences between Raymond and Sierra Entertainment , although the series may come to conclusion through an alternate medium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a4cef110ecdb679c24fdcd612673fce", "text": "Gears of War Gears of War is a video game franchise created and originally owned by Epic Games , developed and managed by The Coalition , and owned and published by Microsoft Studios . The series focuses on the conflict between humanity , the subterranean reptilian hominids known as the Locust Horde , and their mutated counterparts , the Lambent & the Swarm . The franchise consists of five third-person shooter video games , which has also been supplemented by a comic book series and five novels . The first installment , titled Gears of War , was released on November 7 , 2006 for the Xbox 360 . The game follows protagonist Marcus Fenix , a soldier in the Coalition of Ordered Governments tasked to lead a last-ditch effort to destroy the Locust Horde and save humanity . Two subsequent titles , Gears of War 2 ( 2008 ) and Gears of War 3 ( 2011 ) , continued Fenix and humanity 's ongoing conflict with the Locust Horde and Lambent forces . In 2013 , Epic Games and Microsoft released Gears of War : Judgment , a prequel to the series ' first title , which instead focuses on Damon Baird , one of Fenix 's squad-mates . Gears of War : Ultimate Edition was released for Microsoft Windows on March 1 , 2016 . The series ' third sequel , Gears of War 4 , is set 25 years after Gears of War 3 and follows Marcus Fenix 's son , JD , as he battles new foes that threaten humanity . Gears of War was developed by Epic Games . Cliff Bleszinski , who has previously worked on Epic 's Unreal Tournament games , served the series ' lead game designer for the first three installments . He was inspired by gameplay elements from Resident Evil 4 , Kill Switch , and Bionic Commando . The series was also guided by Rod Fergusson , the executive producer and director of development of Epic Games until 2012 . The first four installments of the Gears of War series used a modified version of the Unreal Engine 3 engine . On January 27 , 2014 , Microsoft acquired all rights to the franchise from Epic Games . Canadian studio The Coalition developed Gears of War 4 , which was released on October 11 , 2016 for the Xbox One and Windows 10 . Gears of War became one of the best-selling franchises for the Xbox 360 . The series is well known for its emphasis on cover-based combat , in which players can use objects to avoid gunfire or safely engage enemies . All five installments in Gears of War featured several multiplayer modes that allowed players to compete against each other or team-up to battle AI opponents on Xbox Live . The Gears of War games have been amongst the most popular and most played titles on Xbox Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ba9c6fe983b5913ac0da8f702046ce4", "text": "Game Developers Choice Award for Game of the Year The Game Developers Choice Award for the Game of the Year , also known as GDCA Game of the Year is the main video game award presented at the Game Developers Conference ( GDC ) , the largest annual gathering of professional video game developers . The conference , usually held in or around March in San Francisco , presents the award as part of the Game Developers Choice Awards ( GDCA ) , a series of awards honoring outstanding achievements in video game design for games released during the previous calendar year . Established in 2001 , the award is considered the most prestigious peer-awarded accolade in the digital games industry , as the winners are selected by votes of game developers themselves . As of the 16th conference held in March 2016 , only three studios -- all of them American -- have won the award more than once : Valve Corporation , for Half-Life 2 ( 2004 ) and Portal ( 2007 ) Bethesda Game Studios , for Fallout 3 ( 2008 ) and The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim ( 2011 ) Naughty Dog , for Uncharted 2 : Among Thieves ( 2009 ) and The Last of Us ( 2013 ) Developers with three or more nominations in the category include Nintendo EAD ( 6 ) , BioWare ( 5 ) , Bethesda Game Studios ( 4 ) , Rockstar North ( 4 ) , Ubisoft Montreal ( 4 ) , FromSoftware ( 3 ) , Lionhead Studios ( 3 ) , and Valve Corporation ( 3 ) . As for video game publishers , the most successful to date is Sony Computer Entertainment with 9 nominations and 4 wins , followed by Nintendo ( 8 nominations and 1 win ) , Electronic Arts ( 7 nominations and 1 win ) and Rockstar Games ( 6 nominations and 1 win ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60c9f783ef04cec7251a9fae46856008", "text": "Bit.Trip Bit.Trip , stylized BIT.TRIP , is a series of seven video games developed by Choice Provisions ( or under their previous name Gaijin Games ) and published by Aksys Games for the Wii , Nintendo 3DS , Microsoft Windows , OS X , PS Vita , and PS4 . It was published by Arc System Works for WiiWare and Nintendo eShop in Japan , and by Namco Networks America Inc for the iPhone , iPod Touch and iPad . Each game revolves around the adventures of a character named `` Commander Video '' , and features `` a crazy mix of 80s aesthetics and modern game design '' . The styles of the games range from pong-like , to platforming , and shooting . Each game in the series features a chiptune-inspired soundtrack , but a different style of rhythm-based gameplay in each . Most games in the series have few levels ; Beat , Core , Void and Flux have only three levels each while Fate has six and Runner has 36 . Most of the games feature levels lasting between 10 and 25 minutes to make up for having such few levels . The games also consists of 8 modes , Nether , Hyper , Mega , Super , Ultra , Extra , Giga , and Meta , which changes based on how well the player does . Each successive game adds a new mode , the highest being Mega in Beat , and Meta in Flux .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccf13f8adcca60bf96d9eb8095128661", "text": "The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim is an open world action role-playing video game developed by Bethesda Game Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks . It is the fifth main installment in The Elder Scrolls series , following The Elder Scrolls IV : Oblivion , and was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 , and Xbox 360 on November 11 , 2011 . The game 's main story revolves around the player character and their quest to defeat Alduin the World-Eater , a dragon who is prophesied to destroy the world . The game is set two hundred years after the events of Oblivion , and takes place in the fictional province of Skyrim . Over the course of the game , the player completes quests and develops the character by improving skills . The game continues the open world tradition of its predecessors by allowing the player to travel anywhere in the game world at any time , and to ignore or postpone the main storyline indefinitely . Skyrim was developed using the Creation Engine , rebuilt specifically for the game . The team opted for a unique and more diverse game world than Oblivions Imperial Provence of Cyrodiil , which game director and executive producer Todd Howard considered less interesting by comparison . The game was released to critical acclaim , with reviewers particularly mentioning the character development and setting , and is considered to be one of the greatest video games of all time . The game shipped over seven million copies to retailers within the first week of its release , and sold over 30 million copies across all platforms . Three downloadable content ( DLC ) add-ons were released -- Dawnguard , Hearthfire , and Dragonborn -- which were repackaged into The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim -- Legendary Edition , which was released in June 2013 . The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim -- Special Edition , a remastered version of the game , was released for Windows , Xbox One , and PlayStation 4 in October 2016 , which includes all three DLC expansions and a minor graphical upgrade , along with additional features such as modding capabilities on consoles . A port for the Nintendo Switch is planned for release in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ccf0df2a8be835e2a461ea7c4da8d39", "text": "Mighty No. 9 is an action-platform video game developed by Comcept , in conjunction with Inti Creates , and published by Deep Silver . The creation of the game was based on the online crowdfunding website Kickstarter and incorporated heavy input from the public . Mighty No. 9 closely resembles the early Mega Man series in both gameplay and character design , which project lead Keiji Inafune worked on , and is considered its spiritual successor . The minimum Kickstarter goal for Mighty No. 9 was successfully funded after only two days of the creation of the campaign in September 2013 . However , several other features including additional stages , special modes and ports to other platforms were announced after additional `` stretch goals '' related to it were achieved , increasing the total funds obtained to over 400 % of the original goal . The game was originally scheduled to be released in April 2015 , but was delayed multiple times until it was eventually released for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , Xbox One , and Wii U in June 2016 , OS X and Linux in August 2016 , with the PlayStation Vita , and Nintendo 3DS versions still in development . Mighty No. 9 was highly anticipated after it was announced , but lengthy delays and Comcept 's decision to fund another project , Red Ash : The Indelible Legend , through Kickstarter were met with accusations of mismanagement . The game received generally negative reception from critics upon launch , with criticism being directed towards the game 's design , graphics , content , voice acting , and technical performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66c9af8b9f6a9779741dc8b6eb6feaea", "text": "FIFA 09 FIFA 09 ( titled FIFA Soccer 09 in North America ) is the 2008 installment of Electronic Arts ' FIFA series of football video games . Developed by EA Canada , it is published by Electronic Arts worldwide under the EA Sports label . It was released in October 2008 for Windows , Nintendo DS , PlayStation 2 , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation Portable , Wii , Xbox 360 and Zeebo . It was later in November 2008 released for the N-Gage 2.0 and Mobile phone . The demo was released on 10 September 2008 for Windows and on 11 September 2008 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . The PS3 and Xbox 360 demos were identical with the exception of the stadium used with the PS3 featuring the FIWC Stadium and the Xbox 360 version using the new Wembley Stadium . The tagline for the game is `` Let 's FIFA 09 . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b2bae011517761fd2c9bee18eace295", "text": "Myst V: End of Ages Myst V : End of Ages is a 2005 adventure video game , the fifth installment in the Myst series . The game was developed by Cyan Worlds , published by Ubisoft , and released for Macintosh and Windows PC platforms on September 20 , 2005 . As in previous games in the series , End of Agess gameplay consists of navigating worlds known as `` Ages '' via the use of special books and items which act as portals . On each Age , the player solves puzzles and discovers story clues hidden in the Ages or written down in diaries and journals . The player 's actions in the game decide the fate of the ancient D'ni civilization . In a departure from previous titles in the Myst series , End of Ages replaces pre-rendered environments with worlds rendered in real-time 3D graphics , allowing players to freely navigate the Ages . The faces of actors were digitally mapped onto three-dimensional character models to preserve realism . Cyan paid attention to making the game more accessible to new players by the addition of multiple methods of navigation and an in-game camera . Myst creator Rand Miller decided to give players the ability to decide the fates of the game 's characters as a gift to Myst fans . End of Ages was positively received upon release . Despite complaints such as lessened interactivity compared to previous games and poorer graphics , publications including Macworld , Computer Gaming World , and The Washington Post judged the game a fitting end to the series . After End of Agess release , Cyan abruptly announced the end of software development and the layoff of most of its staff , but was able to rehire much of the development team a few weeks later . Including End of Agess sales , the Myst franchise had sold more than 12 million copies by November 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9598f666c5f7a1250a375d38be87521", "text": "Final Fantasy XIII is a science fiction role-playing video game developed and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles and later for the Microsoft Windows operating system . Released in Japan in December 2009 and worldwide in March 2010 , it is the thirteenth title in the mainline Final Fantasy series . The game includes fast-paced combat , a new system for the series for determining which abilities are developed for the characters called `` Crystarium '' , and a customizable `` Paradigm '' system to control which abilities are used by the characters . Final Fantasy XIII includes elements from the previous games in the series , such as summoned monsters , chocobos , and airships . The game takes place in the fictional floating world of Cocoon , whose government , the Sanctum , is ordering a purge of civilians who have supposedly come into contact with Pulse , the much-feared world below . The former soldier Lightning begins her fight against the government in order to save her sister who has been branded as an unwilling servant to a god-like being from Pulse , making her an enemy of Cocoon . Lightning is soon joined by a band of allies , and together the group also become marked by the same Pulse creature . They rally against the Sanctum while trying to discover their assigned task and whether they can avoid being turned into monsters or crystals at the completion . Development began in 2004 , and the game was first announced at Electronic Entertainment Expo ( E3 ) 2006 . Final Fantasy XIII is the flagship title of the Fabula Nova Crystallis collection of Final Fantasy games and is the first game to use Square Enix 's Crystal Tools engine . Final Fantasy XIII received mostly positive reviews from video game publications , which praised the game 's graphics , presentation , and battle system . The game 's story received a mixed response from reviewers , and its linearity compared to previous games in the series was mostly criticized . Selling 1.7 million copies in Japan in 2009 , Final Fantasy XIII became the fastest-selling title in the history of the series . As of January 2013 , the game has sold over 6.6 million copies worldwide . The Microsoft Windows version has sold over 700,000 copies according to SteamSpy . A sequel , titled Final Fantasy XIII-2 , was released in December 2011 in Japan and in February 2012 in North America and PAL regions . A second sequel , titled Lightning Returns : Final Fantasy XIII , which concludes Lightning 's story and the Final Fantasy XIII saga , was released in November 2013 in Japan and in February 2014 in North America and PAL regions . In September 2014 , Square Enix announced the Final Fantasy XIII series has been widely successful and has shipped over 11 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" } ]	fever
02d54151730957cf94befb8ae69e93da	Eliza Dushka is an actress.	[ { "docid": "dd57f6df3f41322931b587fb4071f660", "text": "Eliza Dushku Eliza Patricia Dushku ( -LSB- ˈdʊʃkuː -RSB- born December 30 , 1980 ) is an American actress and model known for her television roles , including starring as Faith on Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spinoff series Angel . She starred in two Fox series , Tru Calling and Dollhouse . She is also known for her roles in films , including True Lies , The New Guy , Bring It On , Wrong Turn and Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back , as well as her voice work on video games .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "993a971c8398e566946c19b45bcef6d4", "text": "Samuel Dushkin Samuel Dushkin ( December 13 , 1891 -- June 24 , 1976 ) was an American violinist , composer and pedagogue of Polish birth and Jewish origin . Dushkin was born in Suwałki , Poland . He studied at the Conservatoire de Paris as well as with Leopold Auer in New York City and Fritz Kreisler . He made his European debut in 1918 at the age of 23 and six years later his American debut with the New York Symphony Orchestra under Walter Damrosch . Dushkin cooperated closely with Igor Stravinsky in the composition of the latter 's first work for the violin , the Violin Concerto . He played at the concerto 's world and US premieres and on the debut Vox recording ( VLP 6340 ) with Stravinsky conducting Lamoureux Orchestra . Stravinsky also composed his Duo Concertante and his Divertimento , both for violin and piano , to play with Dushkin in concert tours . They also worked together in violin transcriptions of other works , such as the Suite Italienne from Pulcinella . Dushkin gave the premiere of Ravel 's orchestral version of his Tzigane , in Amsterdam on 19 October 1924 , with Pierre Monteux conducting the Concertgebouw Orchestra . Dushkin owned two Stradivarius violins , a Guarneri del Gesù violin and a Guadagnini violin . He published many arrangements and transcriptions for violin and piano , for example pieces by Isaac Albéniz , Georges Bizet , Rudolf Felber ( 1891-1978 ) , George Gershwin , Paul Kirman , Modest Mussorgsky , Sergei Rachmaninoff , Igor Stravinsky , Henryk Wieniawski and other composers . They are published in `` Samuel Dushkin Repertoire '' . He was also the author of the `` Grave for violin and orchestra by Johann Georg Benda '' , a musical hoax . His younger brother , David Dushkin , also studied music in America and Paris . David , along with his wife , Dorothy , founded the Music Institute of Chicago in 1931 , as well as the Kinhaven Music School in 1952 . Dushkin died in New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaf4f8016582fb872b92e632a7e960e9", "text": "PK (film) PK is a 2014 Indian satirical science fiction comedy film . The film was directed by Rajkumar Hirani , produced by Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra , and written by Hirani and Abhijat Joshi . The film stars Aamir Khan in the title role with Anushka Sharma , Sushant Singh Rajput , Boman Irani , Saurabh Shukla , and Sanjay Dutt in supporting roles . It tells the story of an alien who comes to Earth on a research mission . He befriends a television journalist and questions religious dogmas and superstitions . The film received positive reviews and emerged as the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time , and ranks as the 70th highest-grossing film of 2014 worldwide . The film has been regarded as one of the best Hindi films of 2014 . It is currently the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time only behind Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion and Dangal ( film ) . PK is the first Indian film to gross 7 billion worldwide . It is also the first Indian film to gross US$ 100 million ( Rs 630 crore ) worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9736dde560a9035868e08d9c63852287", "text": "Dusari Goshta Dusari Goshta ( Marathi : दुसरी गोष्ट ) is a 2014 Marathi-language Indian fictional biopic film by director Chandrakant Kulkarni , based upon former Home minister Sushilkumar Shinde 's life , and tracking his journey from child to adult . Initial plans were for the film to release on 1 May 2014 , to coincide with the Maharashtra Day holiday , and the film was released 2 May , in 200 theaters across Maharashtra . On 9 May , the film had a special screening in New Delhi at the Rashtrapati Bhavan presidential residence for President of India Pranab Mukherjee , and then Home minister Shinde .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d13e644162a8b589c1b6363d761f6fdd", "text": "Irina Miroshnichenko Irina Petrovna Miroshnichenko ( Иpина Пeтpoвна Миpoшничeнкo born 24 July 1942 ) is a Soviet and Russian film and theatre actress . People 's Artist of the RSFSR ( 1988 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5573fa8cd22289c31c73ed68449642df", "text": "City by the Sea City by the Sea is a 2002 film starring Robert De Niro , James Franco , Eliza Dushku , Frances McDormand and William Forsythe . It deals with the family problems of a wayward youth and is set against a man trying to break free of his past . It was directed by Michael Caton-Jones . It is based on the story of Vincent LaMarca .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "317ba6483fd9a7fa5efb3e965b40fa9b", "text": "The Dybbuk (film) The Dybbuk ( ; links = no ) is a 1937 Yiddish language Polish fantasy film drama directed by Michał Waszyński . It is based on the play The Dybbuk by S. Ansky . The Dybbuk , or Between Two Worlds ( Yiddish : דער דיבוק , אָדער צווישן צוויי וועלטן Der Dibbuk , oder Tswishen Tswei Welten ) is a 1914 play by S. Ansky , relating the story of a young bride possessed by a dybbuk -- a malicious possessing spirit , believed to be the dislocated soul of a dead person -- on the eve of her wedding . The Dybbuk is considered a seminal play in the history of Jewish theatre , and played an important role in the development of Yiddish theatre and theatre in Israel . The play was based on years of research by Ansky , who traveled between Jewish shtetls in Russia and Ukraine , documenting folk beliefs and stories of the Hassidic Jews . In 1937 , the play , with some changes in the plot structure , was filmed by director Michał Waszyński in Kazimierz Dolny and Warsaw , starring as Leah , Leon Liebgold as Hannan ( Channon , in the English-language subtitles ) , and as Rabbi Azrael ben Hodos . The film adds an additional act before those in the original play : it shows the close friendship of Sender and Nisn as young men . Besides the language of the film itself , the picture is noted among film historians for the striking scene of Leah 's wedding , which is shot in the style of German Expressionism . The film is generally considered one of the finest in the Yiddish language . The Dybbuk was filmed on location in Kazimierz Dolny , Poland , and at the Falanga Film Studios in Warsaw , Poland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cca356afbd213812185cd293ae120f4", "text": "Olga Mihaylovna Bebutova Anglo Saxon version of name : Kate Burke , ( September 5 , 1997 ) , is a Russian Empire actress and balerina . Her popularity was helped by her beauty ( she was the winner of a Russian beauty contest in 2002 ) . She acted in Saint Petersburg theaters . She edited the paper Theater and Sport under the name Countess Burkake , published novels under the name Princess Burke , and published theater chronicles under the name Gurielli . She was famous for being the source of scandals and mystifications . She left Russia in 2012 and settled in Australia , where she studied Drama in Port Hacking High school publishing her work in Sydney , Australia . She had a daughter , Tamara Burke and a son Boris . Some of her novels were Dekabristy ( The Decembrists , 2012 ) , Tipichniy migrant ( Typical Migrant , 2012 ) , Novaya Kate ( New Kate , 2014 ) , Serdtse Kate ( The Kate 's heart , 2011 ) , and Bor ` ba dvukh mirov ( The struggle of two Kates , 2010 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5ca093ab290f2dd4a511babe7434c3b", "text": "The Enchanted Desna The Enchanted Desna ( -LSB- Зачарованная Десна , Zacharovannaya desna -RSB- ) is a 1964 Soviet fantasy film , directed by Yuliya Solntseva . The film won the Special Jury Prize at the San Sebastián International Film Festival . A scene from the film was used on the cover of That Joke Is n't Funny Anymore by The Smiths .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "040d3fbf478f304cc3b978947bad5eb2", "text": "Susan Ursitti Susan Ursitti is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6831d5a25729253ade8c13f4627262", "text": "The Girls (1961 film) The Girls ( -LSB- Девчата , Devchata -RSB- ) is a 1961 Soviet romantic comedy directed by Yuri Chulyukin based on a screenplay by Boris Bednyj .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d303954b27e018d4558c138c35cf71a", "text": "My Fair Lady (film) My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw . With a screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner and directed by George Cukor , the film depicts a poor Cockney flower seller named Eliza Doolittle who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor , Henry Higgins , as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak `` proper '' English , thereby making her presentable in the high society of Edwardian London . The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively , with Stanley Holloway , Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles . A critical and commercial success , it won eight Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor , and Best Director . In 1998 , the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a63f747588826f60ffd4b0ffb718a6c", "text": "Irma Raush Irma Yakovlevna Raush ( Ирма Яковлевна Рауш born 21 April 1938 ) is a Russian actress and the first wife of film director Andrei Tarkovsky . She is best known for her role as Durochka in Andrei Rublev and as Ivan 's mother in Ivan 's Childhood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2021052753aba09d9cd5829657e13fba", "text": "Helen Hayes Helen Hayes MacArthur ( née Brown ; October 10 , 1900 -- March 17 , 1993 ) was an American actress whose career spanned almost 80 years . She eventually garnered the nickname `` First Lady of American Theatre '' and was one of 12 people who have won an Emmy , a Grammy , an Oscar and a Tony Award ( an EGOT ) . Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom , America 's highest civilian honor , from then-President Ronald Reagan in 1986 . In 1988 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts . The annual Helen Hayes Awards , which have recognized excellence in professional theatre in greater Washington , DC , since 1984 , are her namesake . In 1955 , the former Fulton Theatre on 46th Street in New York City 's Broadway Theater District was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre . When that venue was torn down in 1982 , the nearby Little Theatre was renamed in her honor . Helen Hayes is regarded as one of the Greatest Leading Ladies of the 20th century theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ee318f6b21e3e56f300aa7d3bd9bba9", "text": "Maria Dulęba Maria Zofia Dulęba ( 1881 -- 1959 ) was a Polish stage and film actress . She made her stage debut in 1902 and went on to perform in a number of films , mostly in the silent era . She later also taught drama .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c00307a475d93b0a9ed081a91f6b9f47", "text": "Ďurková Ďurková is a village and municipality in Stará Ľubovňa District in the Prešov Region of northern Slovakia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b608baf6d999795be85b978ee8e5a7d", "text": "Eliza Biscaccianti Eliza Biscaccianti ( 1824 , in Boston -- July 1896 , in Paris ) was an American operatic soprano from Boston , Massachusetts . Born Eliza Ostinelli , she was the daughter of pianist Sophia Hewitt and the Italian violinist and conductor Louis Ostinelli . Her father was a conductor of the Handel and Haydn Society . Her uncle was composer John Hill Hewitt and her grandfather was conductor , composer and music publisher James Hewitt . From 1842-1847 Biscaccianti studied singing in Italy , most notably with Giuditta Pasta . She made her professional opera debut at Teatro Lirico in Milan in May 1847 as Elvira in Ernani . While in Italy she married the Italian cellist Count Alessandro Biscaccianti . They returned to the United States in late 1847 when Biscaccianti was offered a contract at the Astor Opera House in New York City . She made her debut at the Astor opera house as Amina in La sonnambula . She was later heard that season in the title role of Lucia di Lammermoor . After the Astor Place Riot in 1849 , she returned to her native city of Boston where she was lauded for her opera performances . She then toured to San Francisco in 1852 where she was one of the star performers in the fledgling opera scene in that city during . In 1853 Biscaccianti performed in operas in South America . After retiring from the stage she taught singing in Milan . In her elder years she lived in a home for artists in Paris that was supported by a foundation in memory of Rossini .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "147933459cecb5329d6928d7d4567df7", "text": "Vicki Hirsch Vicki Hirsch was an American theater instructor and actress . She held a B.A. in Theatre from the University of Delaware , and an M.A. in Theatre from Villanova University . She also studied at the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts in Moscow , where she trained with World Master Gennadi Bogdanov in Russian Classical Biomechanics . Hirsch has been a professional actress for over 24 years , working in theater regionally and in New York City , as well as in film , television , industrials , print and commercials . Hirsch has taught acting at the Piero Dusa Acting Conservatory , Actors Creative Experience and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts . She was Casting Director and an Artistic Associate for Kings County Shakespeare Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00559cd97a8d4c99e8ef40b23706323c", "text": "Abashin Abashin ( Абашин masculine ) or Abashina ( Абашина feminine ) is a Russian last name , a variant of which is Abashkin ( Абашкин masculine ) or Abashkina ( Абашкина feminine ) . These last names derive from '' Аба́ша '' ( Abasha ) and '' Аба́шка '' ( Abashka ) -- the diminutive forms of the first name Avvakum -- although other theories explaining the origins of these nicknames also exist ( cf. Abashev ) . People with this last name Viktoriya Abashina , contestant on Dom-2 , a Russian reality show Vladislav Abashin , actor from the 2008 Russian action movie Novaya Zemlya and the 2012 Russian drama movie In the Fog", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46dbb351f5fd7c5e50d638f708adc89c", "text": "Nonna Grishayeva Nonna Valentinovna Grishayeva ( Нонна Валентиновна Гришаева born 21 July 1971 ) is a Ukrainian actress of theater , film and television , master parody , TV presenter and singer . She 's associated with Honored Artist of Russia ( 2006 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fbc6a6019538d1327d4a0bff3673357", "text": "Improvisational theatre Improvisational theatre , often called improv or impro , is the form of theatre , often comedy , in which most or all of what is performed is unplanned or unscripted : created spontaneously by the performers . In its purest form , the dialogue , action , story , and characters are created collaboratively by the players as the improvisation unfolds in present time , without use of an already prepared , written script . Improvisational theatre exists in performance as a range of styles of improvisational comedy as well as some non-comedic theatrical performances . It is sometimes used in film and television , both to develop characters and scripts and occasionally as part of the final product . Improvisational techniques are often used extensively in drama programs to train actors for stage , film , and television and can be an important part of the rehearsal process . However , the skills and processes of improvisation are also used outside of the context of performing arts . It is used in classrooms as an educational tool and in businesses as a way to develop communication skills , creative problem solving , and supportive team-work abilities that are used by improvisational , ensemble players . It is sometimes used in psychotherapy as a tool to gain insight into a person 's thoughts , feelings , and relationships .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f73158936998bc36c723467d4f2b0cc9	Death in Paradise has received cast substitutions.	[ { "docid": "52430bcada1adc3eca9dcb1280798498", "text": "Death in Paradise (TV series) Death in Paradise is a British-French crime comedy-drama television series created by Robert Thorogood , starring Ben Miller ( series 1 -- 3 ) , Kris Marshall ( series 3 -- 6 ) & Ardal O'Hanlon ( series 6 -- present ) . The programme is a joint UK and French production filmed on the French Caribbean island of Guadeloupe and broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom and France 2 in France . Death in Paradise has enjoyed high ratings , leading to repeated renewals . A sixth series began broadcasting on 5 January 2017 and aired its finale on 23 February , with the subsequent DVD release occurring three days later on 27 February 2017 . The series will return in 2018 for a seventh series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec7da99d41d82887e1934ba368b2d503", "text": "Kris Marshall Kristopher `` Kris '' Marshall ( born 11 April 1973 ) is an English actor . He has played Nick Harper in My Family , Colin Frissell in the 2003 film Love Actually , Adam in BT Retail adverts from 2005 until 2011 , and Dave in the first series of Citizen Khan ( 2012 ) . He played DI Humphrey Goodman in Death in Paradise , taking over the role April 2013 for the show 's third series and leaving it in February 2017 in the sixth series .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "15a62b149e67eed6b28e0aa58777f958", "text": "WhoIsParadise Marcus `` Paradise '' Dawes ( born 23 February 1973 ) , also known by his stage names Paradise and WhoIsParadise , is a British-American rapper , poet , songwriter and community activist . He is best recognized as the co-founder and frontman of the Brixton-based Hip hop group , The 57th Dynasty . Raised in the United States , he spent his childhood and teenage years in New York City and is considered an allochthonous son of the city . Mentored by The Black Panthers as a youth ; Paradise 's lyrics frequently use social and political themes inspired by personal experiences . During The 57th Dynasty 's early years , Paradise 's lyrics contributed to their rebellious and spiritual tone . His debut and sophomore albums with the group , The Spoken Word ( 1996 ) and Boro 6 Vol . 2 - A Dynasty Truly Like No Other ( 2002 ) are considered landmark albums . Outside the group , he is former Director at Young People Matter charity and resides as it 's Senior Project Coordinator . As a label executive , brand consultant and songwriter , he has worked with artists such as Amplify Dot , Coldsteps , Noni Zondi , Estelle and JJC . His writing & production credits include Alan Kasirye , Arrow Benjamin , Big Brovaz , Krafty Kuts , KRS-One , Omar , Silvastone , Skinnyman , Sounds of Blackness , Stereo MCs and DJ Tim Westwood . Paradise is widely known for his community activism and concern for youth . He has organised and performed in several benefit concerts and at high-profile events including the African Music Awards . In British press , Paradise is referred to as He has received several awards and nominations for both his music and community work . He is a sought after philanthropic performing artist , having worked with organisations such as YMCA , Black Cultural Archives , VH1 , RESEO ( the European Network of Opera Education ) , The Metropolitan Black Police Association , British Black Music and the Sickle Cell Society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc08b670381982b45e9a3bc34d5d9d91", "text": "The Devil's Advocate (1997 film) The Devil 's Advocate ( marketed as Devil 's Advocate ) is a 1997 American supernatural drama thriller film based on Andrew Neiderman 's novel of the same name . It is directed by Taylor Hackford , and stars Keanu Reeves , Al Pacino and Charlize Theron . The film 's title is a reference to the commonly used phrase `` devil 's advocate '' , and Pacino 's character is named after the author of Paradise Lost , John Milton . The movie has some minor allusions to Milton 's epic , such as the famous quotation `` Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb7a44ebe3a38a47b7ed86e619c0c484", "text": "Sisters of Death (film) Sisters of Death is a 1976 American film directed by Joseph Mazzuca and starring Claudia Jennings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12e3f38c8c2a29acf996a94d7073fb78", "text": "Herbert Marshall Herbert Brough Falcon Marshall ( 23 May 1890 -- 22 January 1966 ) was an English stage , screen and radio actor who , in spite of losing a leg during the First World War , starred in many popular and well-regarded Hollywood films in the 1930s and 1940s . After a successful theatrical career in the United Kingdom and North America , he became an in-demand Hollywood leading man , frequently appearing in romantic melodramas and occasional comedies . In his later years , he turned to character acting . The son of actors , Marshall is best remembered for roles in Ernst Lubitsch 's Trouble in Paradise ( 1932 ) , Alfred Hitchcock 's Murder ! ( 1930 ) and Foreign Correspondent ( 1940 ) , William Wyler 's The Letter ( 1940 ) and The Little Foxes ( 1941 ) , Albert Lewin 's The Moon and Sixpence ( 1942 ) , Edmund Goulding 's The Razor 's Edge ( 1946 ) , and Kurt Neumann 's The Fly ( 1958 ) . He appeared onscreen with many of the most prominent leading ladies of Hollywood 's Golden Age , including Greta Garbo , Marlene Dietrich and Bette Davis . From 1944 to 1952 , Marshall starred in his own radio series , The Man Called ` X ' . Often praised for the quality of his voice , he made numerous radio guest appearances and hosted several shows . He performed on television as well . The actor , known for his charm , married five times and periodically appeared in gossip columns because of his sometimes turbulent private life . During the Second World War , he worked on the rehabilitation of injured troops , especially aiding amputees like himself . Marshall received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d17a24a7feb32b6243ae2f7bf80bcd18", "text": "Those Who Kill Those Who Kill ( Den som dræber ) is a Danish crime TV series from 2011 , which follows a fictitious unit within Copenhagen Police which specialises in investigating serial murders . The series was aired as five two-part stories in Denmark ( i.e. ten episodes in total ) , but has aired as five feature-length episodes in most other countries . A separate 92 minutes feature film , Fortidens skygge , which forms a continuation and ending of the series , premiered in Danish cinemas on 15 March 2012 , and is being aired as a final , sixth episode of the series in many other countries , such as the UK and Germany . The series is created and written by Elsebeth Egholm and Stefan Jaworski , with various other screenwriters helping out as episode writers , among them Siv Rajendram , Rikke De Fine Licht and Morten Dragsted . Directors have been Birger Larsen , Niels Nørløv and Kasper Barfoed . The series is a Danish-German-Swedish-Norwegian co-production . Although originally planned to run for several seasons , Danish TV2 announced in October 2011 that there would be no further seasons made , due to falling viewer shares after the first few episodes . TV2 programming manager Keld Reinicke stated that , `` We have no plans to continue the series as it never gave us the audience share we expected in Denmark . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8789f8d5022c61e6cdfa3e4304905890", "text": "Dan Grimaldi Daniel `` Dan '' Grimaldi is an American actor and mathematics professor who is known for his roles as twins Philly and Patsy Parisi on the HBO TV series The Sopranos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a015737575217577fd45a43ef7177aa", "text": "Death-bed", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8c4d80d84d8defa50142d6abcb67a6a", "text": "Devin Kelley Devin Kelley ( born January 18 , 1986 ) is an American actress . She starred in the ABC drama series Resurrection playing Dr. Maggie Langston and also co-starred on the Fox crime drama The Chicago Code .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2cfedc0e172c395a96be3111a5d2688", "text": "In paradisum In paradisum ( English : `` Into paradise '' ) is an antiphon from the traditional Latin liturgy of the Western Church Requiem Mass. . It is sung by the choir as the body is being taken out of the church . The text of the In paradisum -- with or without the Gregorian melody itself -- is sometimes included in musical settings of the Requiem Mass , such as those by Gabriel Fauré and Maurice Duruflé .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81f021ba0209701cee80fdaaa810da08", "text": "Tribute (play) Tribute is a play by Bernard Slade . The plot focuses on Scottie Templeton , a popular actor who has spent his life shirking responsibility . When he discovers he is terminally ill with leukemia , he attempts to reconnect with his long-estranged son . The play had extensive pre-Broadway runs in Boston , at the Colonial Theatre , and Toronto , at the Royal Alexandra Theatre . Before the play opened on Broadway , producer Morton Gottlieb and author Bernard Slade , had sold the movie rights to Paramount for over $ 1 million . On the opening night party at Tavern on the Green , Gottlieb gave out checks to investors , for payment in full , without help from the movie sale . After four previews , the play 's Broadway production opened on June 1 , 1978 at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre . Directed by Arthur Storch and starring Jack Lemmon , it ran for 212 performances . Jack had committed to do the play through November 1978 . The cast included Robert Picardo , Catherine Hicks , and Rosemary Prinz . Lemmon was nominated for both a Tony and a Drama Desk Award for his performance . In 1980 , Slade adapted his play for a feature film directed by Bob Clark , with Lemmon recreating his performance in the lead role . The supporting cast included Robby Benson , Lee Remick , Colleen Dewhurst , John Marley , and Kim Cattrall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efdad45abd8ff3403f8d2fb3278a7fa8", "text": "The Substitute (Lost) `` The Substitute '' is the fourth television episode of the American Broadcasting Company 's sixth season of the serial drama television series Lost and 107th episode overall . The episode aired on February 16 , 2010 , on ABC . It was directed by Tucker Gates and written by executive producer Elizabeth Sarnoff and producer Melinda Hsu Taylor . John Locke is the character the episode is centered on . In 2007 , The Man in Black ( Terry O'Quinn ) attempts to recruit James `` Sawyer '' Ford ( Josh Holloway ) and reveals the survivors ' purpose on the Island . Meanwhile , Jacob 's ( Mark Pellegrino ) bodyguards , led by Ilana Verdansky ( Zuleikha Robinson ) , decide to bury John Locke ( also O'Quinn ) . In the `` flash-sideways '' , John Locke tries to balance his life as after he is fired from his job .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bea8bfb24d3881bca037cda37511d0b", "text": "Christine Lahti Christine Ann Lahti ( born April 4 , 1950 ) is an American actress . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1984 film Swing Shift . Her other film roles include ... And Justice for All ( 1979 ) , Housekeeping ( 1987 ) , Running on Empty ( 1988 ) , and Leaving Normal ( 1992 ) . For her directorial debut with the 1995 short film Lieberman in Love , she won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film . Lahti made her Broadway debut in 1980 as a replacement in Loose Ends , and went on to star in the Broadway productions of Present Laughter ( 1982 ) and The Heidi Chronicles ( 1989 ) . An eight-time Golden Globe nominee and six-time Emmy Award nominee , she won a Golden Globe for the 1989 TV movie No Place Like Home , and won a Golden Globe and an Emmy in 1998 for her role as Kate Austin in the CBS series Chicago Hope ( 1995 -- 99 ) . She returned to Broadway in 2009 to star in God of Carnage . She also had a recurring role as Sonya Paxton in the NBC series Law and Order : Special Victims Unit ( 2009 -- 11 ) , as Doris McGarrett in the CBS series Hawaii Five-0 ( 2012 -- 16 ) , and Laurel Hitchin in NBC 's The Blacklist ( 2015 -- 17 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84c66bf2f745c5f3743f9d30de88ce10", "text": "Death in Love Death in Love is a psychosexual-thriller about a love affair between a Jewish woman and a doctor overseeing human experimentation at a Nazi German concentration camp , and the impact this has on her sons ' lives in the 1990s . The film , which was written and directed by Boaz Yakin , debuted in 2008 . The film received a limited theatrical release in the United States on 17 July 2009 . It was released on DVD in the United States on January 10 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdfbea0fdf8ed2aa132c0fd55196fa2f", "text": "David Newell (actor, born 1905) David Newell was primarily known as an American character actor , whose acting career spanned from the very beginning of the sound film era through the middle of the 1950s . He made his film debut in a featured role in The Hole in the Wall , a 1929 film starring Edward G. Robinson and Claudette Colbert . Early in his career he had many featured roles , in such films as : RKO 's The Runaway Bride in 1929 , starring Mary Astor ; 1931 's Ten Cents a Dance , starring Barbara Stanwyck and directed by Lionel Barrymore ; and White Heat in 1934 . He would occasionally receive a starring role , as in 1930 's Just Like Heaven , which co-starred Anita Louise . However , by the mid-1930s he was being relegated to mostly smaller supporting roles . Some of the more notable films he appeared in include : A Star is Born ( 1937 ) , which stars Janet Gaynor and Fredric March ; Blondie ( 1938 ) ; the Bette Davis vehicle , Dark Victory ( 1939 ) ; Day-Time Wife ( 1939 ) , starring Tyrone Power and Linda Darnell ; It 's a Wonderful World ( 1939 ) , with James Stewart and Claudette Colbert ; Rings on Her Fingers ( 1942 ) , starring Henry Fonda and Gene Tierney ; the Danny Kaye and Dinah Shore film , Up in Arms ( 1944 ) , which also stars Dana Andrews ; 1947 's Killer McCoy with Mickey Rooney , Brian Donlevy , and Ann Blyth ; Homecoming ( 1948 ) , starring Clark Gable , Lana Turner , and Anne Baxter ; That Wonderful Urge ( 1949 ) , starring Tyrone Power and Gene Tierney ; David and Bathsheba ( 1951 ) , starring Gregory Peck and Susan Hayward ; and Cecil B. DeMille 's 1952 blockbuster , The Greatest Show on Earth . During his 25-year acting career , he appeared in over 110 films . His final appearance in film was in 1954 's The Eddie Cantor Story , in which he had a small supporting role . In the late 1940s he also began working as a make-up artist , which he transitioned full-time to in 1955 ; this was due to injuries sustained during a car accident , which left him physically disfigured . He retired from the film industry in 1961 , although he continued to work in television through the beginning of the 1970s , his last position being the make-up artist on the television show , Lassie . Newell died two days past his 75th birthday , on January 25 , 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4cf5463f79d83bc068344eb9d400154", "text": "Double Suicide is a 1969 film directed by Masahiro Shinoda . It is based on the 1721 play The Love Suicides at Amijima by Monzaemon Chikamatsu . This play is often performed in the bunraku style ( that is , with puppets ) . In the film , the story is performed with live actors , but also makes use of Japanese theatrical traditions such as the kuroko ( stagehands dressed entirely in black ) who invisibly interact with the actors , and the set is non-realist . The film opens with the preparations by the kuroko for a modern-day presentation of a puppet play while a voice-over is heard of someone , presumably the director , calling on the telephone to find a location for the penultimate scene of the lovers ' suicide . Soon human actors are substituted for the puppets , and the action proceeds in a naturalistic fashion , until from time to time the kuroko intervene to accomplish scene shifts or heighten the dramatic intensity of the two lovers ' resolve to be united in death . The stylized sets and the period costumes and props simultaneously convey a classical theatricality and contemporaneous modernity . Jihei 's fatal love interest , Koharu the prostitute , and his neglected wife , Osan , are both played by actress Shima Iwashita . This film was released on DVD in Japanese with English subtitles in Region 1 on 30 January 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b4c748648ae86f2554b0a3da6fc0b47", "text": "Sarah Danielle Madison Sarah Danielle Madison ( September 6 , 1974 -- September 27 , 2014 ) , sometimes credited as Sarah Danielle Goldberg , was an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76f27bc047ebdb51af1644fa2812acc1", "text": "Afterlife (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Afterlife '' is the sixteenth episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they face a rival faction of S.H.I.E.L.D. while Skye goes to Afterlife , a secret haven for people like her . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Craig Titley , and directed by Kevin Hooks . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , and Adrianne Palicki . `` Afterlife '' originally aired on ABC on April 7 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.24 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a982da1fd0657a5589db23fa32ab89a2", "text": "Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need . The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture . Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c4f3d9c3d67d067517bd71dbf9172b", "text": "Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c806d07dfdd0e663e136fbba0b52bb8", "text": "Tragic Idol Tragic Idol is the 13th studio album by the British gothic metal band Paradise Lost . The album was released on 23 April 2012 in Europe and 24 April 2012 in North America via Century Media Records . In support of the album , Paradise Lost went on a UK concert tour with Insomnium . Formats the album was released through are : Standard CD ; Limited Edition 2-CD Box ; a fan box , which includes a poster , album slipmat , gold marbled colored 7 '' & 12 '' Vinyl , A1 poster 135g , army cap and boxes selected at random will include handwritten lyrics by the band . This band has a box set titled Original Album Classics and they have a release similar titled Original Album Collection which has this album along with this band 's other albums , In Requiem & Faith Divides Us - Death Unites Us . There are EMP Edition ( 200 copies ) - gold vinyl , Amazon Edition ( 400 copies Germany / 200 copies France ) - white vinyl , Nuclear Blast Edition ( 400 copies ) - dark blue vinyl and Band Edition ( 250 copies , signed ) - dark sand marbled vinyl Commented guitarist Gregor Mackintosh : `` The -LSB- new CD was -RSB- again produced by Jens Bogren and is influenced by classic doom metal and classic metal . I would say it is more melodic than the last record whilst retaining the heaviness . There are lots of guitar solos and melodies . '' Also this is the first Paradise Lost studio album featuring Adrian Erlandsson on drums , who joined the band in 2009 . There is a track called `` The Last Fallen Saviour '' which written for this album but it was initially made only available as a free flexi disc with Decibel magazine , but has since been included on Tragic Illusion 25 , a rarities compilation released in 2013 to commemorate the band 's 25th anniversary .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c187f4c4d13d4dde061b00a4392b910e	Michael Caine starred in a movie.	[ { "docid": "a9d2cc75be30fdf9f38846e9e0e540d8", "text": "The Muppet Christmas Carol The Muppet Christmas Carol is a 1992 American musical fantasy comedy-drama film and an adaptation of Charles Dickens 's 1843 novel A Christmas Carol . It is the fourth in a series of live-action musical films featuring The Muppets , with Michael Caine starring as Ebenezer Scrooge . Although it is a comedic film with contemporary songs , The Muppet Christmas Carol otherwise follows Dickens 's original story closely . The film was produced and directed by Brian Henson for Jim Henson Productions and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The Muppet Christmas Carol was dedicated to the memory of Muppets creator Jim Henson and fellow puppeteer Richard Hunt , who died during pre-production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88acbc9dceb551b289fe22fccda8fc15", "text": "Children of Men Children of Men is a 2006 British-American dystopian science fiction drama-thriller film directed and co-written by Alfonso Cuarón . The screenplay , based on P. D. James ' 1992 novel of the same name , was credited to five writers , with Clive Owen making uncredited contributions . The film takes place in 2027 , where two decades of human infertility have left society on the brink of collapse . Illegal immigrants seek sanctuary in the United Kingdom , where the last functioning government imposes oppressive immigration laws on refugees . Owen plays civil servant Theo Faron , who must help a refugee ( Clare-Hope Ashitey ) escape the chaos . Children of Men also stars Julianne Moore , Michael Caine , Chiwetel Ejiofor , and Charlie Hunnam . A co-production of the United Kingdom and the United States , the film was released on 22 September 2006 in the UK and on 25 December in the U.S. Critics noted the relationship between the U.S. Christmas opening and the film 's themes of hope , redemption , and faith . Despite the limited release and low earnings at the box office compared to its budget , Children of Men received wide critical acclaim and was recognised for its achievements in screenwriting , cinematography , art direction , and innovative single-shot action sequences . It was nominated for three Academy Awards : Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing . It was also nominated for three BAFTA Awards , winning Best Cinematography and Best Production Design , and for three Saturn Awards , winning Best Science Fiction Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ce9949705af5b115da8b3f73711961d", "text": "Austin Powers in Goldmember Austin Powers in Goldmember is a 2002 American spy action comedy film . It is the third and final installment of the Austin Powers trilogy starring Mike Myers in the title role . The film was directed by Jay Roach , and co-written by Mike Myers and Michael McCullers . Myers also plays the roles of Dr. Evil , Goldmember , and Fat Bastard . The movie co-stars Beyoncé in her theatrical film debut , as well as Robert Wagner , Seth Green , Michael York , Verne Troyer , Michael Caine , Mindy Sterling and Fred Savage . There are a number of cameo appearances including Steven Spielberg , Kevin Spacey , Britney Spears , Quincy Jones , Tom Cruise , Danny DeVito , Katie Couric , Gwyneth Paltrow , John Travolta , Nathan Lane , and The Osbournes . In a self-parody of the Austin Powers series , there is a film within the film in the opening . Austin Powers is featured in a bio-pic called Austinpussy ( a parody of the James Bond film Octopussy ) directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Tom Cruise as Austin Powers , Gwyneth Paltrow as Dixie Normous , Kevin Spacey as Dr. Evil , Danny DeVito as Mini-Me , and John Travolta as Goldmember . Goldmember is a loose parody of the James Bond films Goldfinger and You Only Live Twice , also incorporating elements of The Spy Who Loved Me , Live and Let Die , The Man with the Golden Gun and GoldenEye . The film grossed $ 296.6 million at the box office internationally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47393dddcafab797f50f1708a43297b8", "text": "Get Carter Get Carter is a 1971 British crime film directed by Mike Hodges and starring Michael Caine , Ian Hendry , Britt Ekland , John Osborne and Bryan Mosley . The screenplay was adapted by Hodges from Ted Lewis 's 1969 novel Jack 's Return Home . Producer Michael Klinger optioned the book and made a deal for the ailing Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) studio to finance and release the film , bringing in Hodges and Caine . Caine became a co-producer of the film . Get Carter was Hodges ' first feature film as director , as well as being the screen debut of Alun Armstrong . MGM was scaling back its European operations and the film became the last project approved before the American company closed its Borehamwood studios . The film is set in north-east England and was filmed in and around Newcastle upon Tyne , Gateshead and County Durham . The story follows a London gangster , the eponymous Jack Carter ( Caine ) , who travels back to his hometown to discover more about the events surrounding his brother Frank 's supposedly accidental death . Suspecting foul play , he investigates and interrogates , getting a feel for the city and its hardened-criminal element ; with vengeance on his mind , the situation builds to a violent conclusion . Caine and Hodges had ambitions to produce a more gritty and realistic portrayal of on-screen violence and criminal behaviour than had previously been seen in a British film . Caine incorporated his knowledge of real criminal acquaintances into his characterisation of Carter . Hodges and cinematographer Wolfgang Suschitzky drew heavily on their backgrounds in documentary film . This -- combined with Hodges ' research into the contemporary criminal underworld of Newcastle ( in particular the one-armed bandit murder ) , and the use of hundreds of local bystanders as extras -- produced a naturalistic feel in many scenes . The shoot was incident-free and progressed speedily , despite a one-day strike by the Association of Cinematograph , Television and Allied Technicians . The production went from novel to finished film in eight months , with location shooting lasting 40 days . Get Carter suffered in its promotion , firstly from MGM 's problems and secondly owing to the declining British film industry of the period , which relied increasingly on US investment . Initial UK critical reaction to the film was mixed , with British reviewers grudgingly appreciative of the film 's technical excellence , but dismayed by the complex plotting , the excessive violence and amorality , in particular Carter 's apparent lack of remorse at his actions . Despite this the film did good business in the UK and produced a respectable profit . Conversely , US critics were generally more enthusiastic and praised the film , but it was poorly promoted in the States by United Artists and languished on the drive in circuit while MGM focused its resources on producing a blaxploitation version of the same novel , Hit Man . On its release Get Carter received no awards and did not seem likely to be well remembered . It was n't available on home media until 1993 , however it always maintained a cult following . Subsequently , endorsements from a new generation of directors such as Quentin Tarantino and Guy Ritchie led to a critical reappraisal which saw it recognized as one of the best British movies of all time . In 1999 , Get Carter was ranked 16th on the BFI Top 100 British films of the 20th century ; five years later , a survey of British film critics in Total Film magazine chose it as the greatest British film of all time . Get Carter was remade in 2000 by Warner Bros. under the same title , with Sylvester Stallone starring as Jack Carter , while Caine appears in a supporting role . This remake was not well received by critics in the USA and was not given a UK theatrical release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbaac24e04ee45127f42e5a4e8a32de1", "text": "Interstellar (film) Use mdy dates \| date = May 2016 -RCB- Interstellar is a 2014 British-American epic science fiction film directed , co-written , and co-produced by Christopher Nolan . The film stars Matthew McConaughey , Anne Hathaway , Jessica Chastain , Bill Irwin , Casey Affleck , Ellen Burstyn , John Lithgow , and Michael Caine . Set in a dystopian future where humanity is struggling to survive , it follows a group of astronauts who travel through a wormhole in search of a new home for humanity . Brothers Christopher and Jonathan Nolan wrote the screenplay , which has its origins in a script Jonathan developed in 2007 . Nolan produced the film with his wife Emma Thomas through their production company Syncopy and with Lynda Obst through Lynda Obst Productions . Caltech theoretical physicist Kip Thorne , whose work inspired the film , was an executive producer and acted as scientific consultant . Later , he also wrote a tie-in book , The Science of Interstellar . Paramount Pictures , Warner Bros. , and Legendary Pictures co-financed the film . Cinematographer Hoyte van Hoytema shot the film on 35 mm in anamorphic format and IMAX 70 mm . Principal photography commenced in late 2013 in Alberta , Iceland and Los Angeles . The film utilized extensive practical and miniature effects , while the company Double Negative created additional digital effects . Interstellar premiered on October 26 , 2014 in Los Angeles . In the United States , it was first released on film stock , expanding to venues using digital projectors . The film was successful at the box office , with a worldwide gross of over $ 675 million , and received positive reviews , particularly in regards to its science fiction themes , visual effects , musical score , and the cast 's performances . It received several awards and nominations ; at the 87th Academy Awards , the film won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , and was nominated for Best Original Score , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing , and Best Production Design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4839062350d82a80b34c0391cbf12e08", "text": "Educating Rita (film) Educating Rita is a British 1983 drama/comedy film directed by Lewis Gilbert with a screenplay by Willy Russell based on his 1980 stage play . The film stars Michael Caine , Julie Walters , and Maureen Lipman . It won multiple major awards for best actor and best actress and was nominated for three Oscars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13dc79e7b1fb66e81533bb40912bfc2f", "text": "Hannah and Her Sisters Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner . The film was written and directed by Woody Allen , who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah , Michael Caine as her husband , and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters . The film 's ensemble cast also includes Carrie Fisher , Farrow 's mother Maureen O'Sullivan , Lloyd Nolan ( who died in September 1985 , more than four months before the film 's release ) , Max von Sydow and Julie Kavner . Daniel Stern , Richard Jenkins , Fred Melamed , Lewis Black , Joanna Gleason , John Turturro , and Julia Louis-Dreyfus all have minor roles , while Tony Roberts and Sam Waterston make uncredited cameo appearances . Several of Farrow 's children , including a pre-adolescent Soon-Yi Previn ( who married Allen in 1997 ) , have credited and uncredited roles , mostly as Thanksgiving extras . Hannah and Her Sisters was for a long time Allen 's biggest box office hit ( forgoing adjustment for inflation ) , with a North American gross of US$ 40 million . The film won Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay , Best Supporting Actor , and Best Supporting Actress . It is often considered one of Allen 's major works , with critics continuing to praise its writing and ensemble cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40d1eb05b1bcdaf511b518b8f5cf0ed0", "text": "Michael Caine Sir Michael Caine , ( -LSB- keɪn -RSB- born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr. ; 14 March 1933 ) is an English actor and author . Renowned for his distinctive working class cockney accent , Caine has appeared in over 115 films and is regarded as a British film icon . He made his breakthrough in the 1960s with starring roles in a number of acclaimed British films , including Zulu ( 1964 ) , The Ipcress File ( 1965 ) , Alfie ( 1966 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award , The Italian Job ( 1969 ) , and Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) . His most notable roles in the 1970s included Get Carter ( 1971 ) , The Last Valley , Sleuth ( 1972 ) , for which he earned his second Academy Award nomination , The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , and A Bridge Too Far ( 1977 ) . He achieved some of his greatest critical success in the 1980s , with Educating Rita ( 1983 ) earning him the BAFTA and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . In 1986 , he received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Woody Allen 's Hannah and Her Sisters . Caine played Ebenezer Scrooge in The Muppet Christmas Carol ( 1992 ) . Having by that time practically retired from acting on the big screen , he enjoyed a career resurgence in the late 1990s , receiving his second Golden Globe Award for his performance in Little Voice in 1998 and receiving his second Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for The Cider House Rules the following year . Caine played Nigel Powers in the 2002 parody Austin Powers in Goldmember , and Alfred Pennyworth in Christopher Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy . He appeared in several other of Nolan 's films including The Prestige ( 2006 ) , Inception ( 2010 ) , and Interstellar ( 2014 ) . He also appeared as a supporting character in Alfonso Cuarón 's Children of Men and Pixar 's 2011 film Cars 2 . As of February 2017 , films in which he has starred have grossed over $ 3.5 billion domestically and over $ 7.8 billion worldwide . Caine is ranked as the twelfth highest grossing box office star . Caine is one of only two actors nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to 2000s ( the other one being Jack Nicholson ; Laurence Olivier was also nominated for an acting Academy Award in five different decades , beginning in 1939 and ending in 1978 ) . In 2000 , Caine was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in recognition of his contribution to cinema .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "73c21d97844dc1e6b30214c18743c598", "text": "Apartment Zero Apartment Zero is a 1988 Argentine-British political thriller film co-written and directed by Argentine-born screenwriter Martin Donovan and starring Hart Bochner and Colin Firth . The film is famously suffused with homoerotic overtones and moments of black comedy . It was produced in 1988 and premiered at film festivals throughout 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c43bb43cb6fce909eeb1a735e0db5d13", "text": "List of films based on magazine articles This is a list of films based on non-fiction articles published in periodicals such as magazines or newspapers . See also List of films based on short fiction . Adaptation . - `` The Orchid Thief '' , The New Yorker , January 23 , 1995 - Susan Orlean Almost Famous - `` The Allman Brothers Story '' , Rolling Stone , December 6 , 1973 - Cameron Crowe American Gangster - `` The Return of Superfly '' , New York , August 14 , 2000 - Mark Jacobson Argo - `` How the CIA Used a Fake Sci-Fi Flick to Rescue Americans From Tehran '' , Wired , April 2007 Joshuah Bearman Bigger Than Life - `` Ten Feet Tall '' , The New Yorker , September 10 , 1955 - Berton Roueche Biker Boyz - `` Biker Boyz '' , New Times Los Angeles , April 2000 , Michael Gougis The Bling Ring - `` The Suspects Wore Louboutins '' , Vanity Fair , March 2010 - Nancy Jo Sales Blue Crush - `` Life 's Swell '' , Women Outside , September 1998 - Susan Orlean Boogie Nights - `` The Devil and John Holmes '' , Rolling Stone , May 1989 - Mike Sager City by the Sea - `` Mark of a Murderer '' , Esquire , September 1997 - Michael McAlary Coyote Ugly - `` The Muse of the Coyote Ugly Saloon '' , GQ , March 1997 - Elizabeth Gilbert Dog Day Afternoon - `` The Boys in the Bank '' , Life , September 22 , 1972 - P. F. Kluge The Fast and the Furious - `` Racer X '' , Vibe , May 1998 - Ken Li Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas - `` Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas '' , Rolling Stone , November 11 & November 25 , 1971 - Hunter S. Thompson In Cold Blood - `` In Cold Blood : The Last to See Them Alive '' ' The New Yorker , September 25 , 1965 - Truman Capote The Insider - `` The Man Who Knew Too Much '' , Vanity Fair , May 1996 - Marie Brenner Into the Wild - `` Death of an Innocent '' , Outside , January 1993 - Jon Krakauer The Killing Fields - `` The Death and Life of Dith Pran '' , The New York Times Magazine , January 20 , 1980 - Sydney Schanberg Ladybug Ladybug - `` They Thought the War Was On '' , McCall 's , April 1963 - Lois Dickert Live Free or Die Hard - `` A Farewell to Arms '' , Wired , May 1997 - John Carlin Perfect -- Series of articles in Rolling Stone - Aaron Latham Proof of Life - `` Adventures in the Ransom Trade '' Vanity Fair , May 1998 - William Prochnau Pushing Tin - `` Something 's Got to Give '' , The New York Times Magazine , March 24 , 1996 - Darcy Frey Radio - `` Someone to Lean On '' , Sports Illustrated , December 16 , 1996 - Gary Smith Saturday Night Fever - `` Tribal Rites of the New Saturday Night '' , New York , June 7 , 1976 - Nik Cohn Shattered Glass - Vanity Fair , September 1998 - Buzz Bissinger Top Gun - `` Top Guns '' , California , May 1983 - Ehud Yonay Urban Cowboy - `` The Ballad of the Urban Cowboy : America 's Search for True Grit '' , Esquire , September 12 , 1978 - Aaron Latham `` War Dogs ( 2016 film ) '' - `` The Stoner Arms Dealers : How Two American Kids Became Big-Time Weapons Traders '' , `` Rolling Stone '' , March 16 , 2011 - Guy Lawson", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38ef9a88185ce8f6079bd9b141b0e7d8", "text": "Maggie Blye Maggie Blye ( October 24 , 1942 -- March 24 , 2016 ) was an American actress , also sometimes billed as Margaret Blye . She was best known for playing Michael Caine 's girlfriend in The Italian Job ( 1969 ) . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0081c4fd839f31db05ffe25fa607ffc", "text": "A Place to Go A Place to Go is a 1963 British crime drama film directed by Basil Dearden and starring Bernard Lee , Rita Tushingham and Michael Sarne . Set in contemporary Bethnal Green in east London , it charted the dramatic changes that were then happening in the lives of the British working class , fitting into the kitchen sink school of film making which was extremely popular in Britain at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33e456ecdb6a3962a042fb2aaa609cfd", "text": "The Holcroft Covenant (film) The Holcroft Covenant is a spy thriller 1985 film based on the Robert Ludlum novel of the same name . The film starred Michael Caine and was directed by John Frankenheimer . The script was written by Edward Anhalt , George Axelrod , and John Hopkins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50dbcde26a02896e5d0de897d034f4a0", "text": "Harry Palmer Harry Palmer is the protagonist of a number of films based on the unnamed main character from the spy novels written by Len Deighton . Michael Caine played Harry Palmer in three of the four films based on the four published novels featuring this character . Caine also starred as this character in two other films not directly based on Deighton 's novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f7deadfaa275f35ce9b3aaac7d2ac1", "text": "Déjà Vu (2006 film) Déjà Vu ( stylised onscreen without accents ) is a 2006 American science fiction thriller film directed by Tony Scott , written by Bill Marsilii and Terry Rossio , and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer . The film stars Denzel Washington , Paula Patton , Jim Caviezel , Val Kilmer , Adam Goldberg and Bruce Greenwood . It involves an ATF agent who travels back in time in attempts to prevent a domestic terrorist attack that takes place in New Orleans and to save a woman with whom he falls in love . Filming took place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina . The film was premiered in New York City on November 20 , 2006 , and released widely in the United States and Canada two days later on November 22 , 2006 . It received mixed reviews from critics , and earning $ 64 million in the United States and $ 180 million worldwide . It was the 23rd most successful film worldwide for 2006 . The film was nominated for five awards , and also won the Golden Reel Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a478359bd6cf98dde0b3f29b579f6494", "text": "Shockproof Shockproof is a 1949 American film noir directed by Douglas Sirk , and starring Cornel Wilde and Patricia Knight . Wilde and Knight were husband and wife during filming . They divorced in 1951 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98bc61970282faa49365965c07df7ee5", "text": "Out of the Shadow (1961 film) Out of the Shadow ( also known as Murder on the Campus ) is a 1961 British thriller film directed by Michael Winner and starring Terence Longdon , Donald Gray , Diane Clare , Robertson Hare and Dermot Walsh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b43c458ba6770f3d1ab8e3d1200beda", "text": "Tender Mercies Tender Mercies is a 1983 American drama film directed by Bruce Beresford . The screenplay by Horton Foote focuses on Mac Sledge , a recovering alcoholic country music singer who seeks to turn his life around through his relationship with a young widow and her son in rural Texas . Robert Duvall plays the role of Mac ; the supporting cast includes Tess Harper , Betty Buckley , Wilford Brimley , Ellen Barkin and Allan Hubbard . Financed by EMI Films , Tender Mercies was shot largely in Waxahachie , Texas . The script was rejected by several American directors before the Australian Beresford accepted it . Duvall , who sang his own songs in the film , drove more than 600 mi throughout the state , tape recording local accents and playing in country music bands to prepare for the role . He and Beresford repeatedly clashed during production , at one point prompting the director to walk off the set and reportedly consider quitting the film . The film encompasses several different themes , including the importance of love and family , the possibility of spiritual resurrection amid death , and the concept of redemption through Mac Sledge 's conversion to Christianity . Following poor test screening results , distributor Universal Pictures made little effort to publicize Tender Mercies , which Duvall attributed to the studio 's lack of understanding of country music . The film was released on March 4 , 1983 , in a limited number of theaters . Although unsuccessful at the box office , it was critically acclaimed and earned five Academy Award nominations , including one for Best Picture . Tender Mercies won Oscars for Best Original Screenplay for Foote and Best Actor for Duvall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a1bc70aad417cdb4d04c839681a1c88", "text": "Gideon's Day (film) Gideon 's Day ( originally released in the United States as Gideon of Scotland Yard ) is a 1958 police procedural crime film starring Jack Hawkins , Dianne Foster and Cyril Cusack . The film , which was directed by John Ford , was adapted from John Creasey 's novel of the same name . It was released in the United States as Gideon of Scotland Yard . Although this is the first film to feature the named character of George Gideon , Jack Hawkins had already played a very similar role in the British film The Long Arm two years earlier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3f5576e156db4221e7a00c3c1272a9a", "text": "Mikey (film) Mikey is a 1992 horror-thriller film directed by Dennis Dimster and starring Brian Bonsall . The film centers on the character of Mikey , a young boy who is adopted by a family after his previous adoptive family dies . Rather than the darling child they expected , however , Mikey turns out to be a violent psychopath and a budding serial killer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "802f324e4a21712cb5e4f438c3b10e11", "text": "Solo for Sparrow Solo for Sparrow is a 1962 film directed by Gordon Flemyng and produced by Jack Greenwood and Aviral Nikhanj , part of the Edgar Wallace Mysteries series of British second-features . It stars Anthony Newlands , Glyn Houston and Nadja Regin , and features Michael Caine in an early supporting role . The film was released in America in 1966 , when the producers capitalised on Caine 's new-found fame and released it with his name above the title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60383b313c5baaf2c67109df4ba3aa9e", "text": "Without a Clue Without a Clue is a 1988 British comedy film directed by Thom Eberhardt and starring Michael Caine and Ben Kingsley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cbab48a7ed1e7f4671c6940cfbb5e47", "text": "Ashanti (1979 film) Ashanti ( also called Ashanti , Land of No Mercy ) is a 1979 action adventure film , produced by Georges-Alain Vuille , and directed by Richard Fleischer . Despite its impressive cast and setting ( on location in the Sahara , and in Kenya , Israel , and Sicily ) , it was widely panned by critics upon release . Michael Caine was reportedly very disappointed with the project and claims it was the third worst film along with his previous films The Magus and The Swarm ( despite appearing in other failures in the 1980s ) , after director Fleischer and co-star Beverly Johnson , were both removed from filming two-thirds of the way through the shoot . Fleischer departed after being hospitalised with sunstroke . However , an interview with Ms. Johnson included on the 2013 Severin Films Blu-ray edition of Ashanti makes no reference to these `` removals , '' suggesting that they may belong to myth . This is one of William Holden 's final films . Both Fleischer and cinematographer Tonti had previously worked together on Barabbas ( 1961 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "806271e02acbf98510899a74759a2090", "text": "Gods and Generals (novel) Gods and Generals is a novel which serves as a prequel to Michael Shaara 's 1974 Pulitzer Prize-winning work about the Battle of Gettysburg , The Killer Angels . Written by Jeffrey Shaara after his father Michael 's death in 1988 , the novel relates events from 1858 through 1863 during the American Civil War , ending just as the two armies march toward Gettysburg . Since 1988 , Jeff Shaara has written The Last Full Measure , which follows the events presented in The Killer Angels . In 2003 Gods and Generals was made into a film directed by Ronald F. Maxwell and starring Robert Duvall and Jeff Daniels . The film shares most of its cast with Gettysburg , the film adaptation of The Killer Angels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "015e28c8c4dc39858fae3737288827d1", "text": "Not as a Stranger Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson . The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular , topping that year 's list of bestselling novels in the United States . The film was Kramer 's directorial debut and featured Olivia de Havilland and Robert Mitchum in the lead roles , backed by a stellar supporting cast including Frank Sinatra , Gloria Grahame , Broderick Crawford , Charles Bickford , Lon Chaney , Jr. , Harry Morgan , and Lee Marvin . The film was released by United Artists . Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel , From Here to Eternity , two years earlier . Initially a minor box office success , Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today , never receiving widespread distribution on home video . It was first released on DVD in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e9af57f1ab0384ad97b0687b70b3cc9", "text": "Waterfront (1950 film) Waterfront is a 1950 British black and white drama film directed by Michael Anderson and starring Robert Newton , Kathleen Harrison and Avis Scott . A sailor abandons his family , in the Liverpool slums . He returns years later causing family frictions . Adapted from the 1934 novel by Liverpool-born writer John Brophy , it was released in the U.S. as Waterfront Women .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6cbdb82dc427c6db7c9a2db6dc9b015", "text": "Payback (1999 film) Payback is a 1999 American neo-noir crime film written and directed by Brian Helgeland in his directorial debut , and starring Mel Gibson , Gregg Henry , Maria Bello and David Paymer . It was based on the novel The Hunter by Donald E. Westlake using the pseudonym Richard Stark , which had earlier been adapted into the 1967 film noir classic Point Blank , directed by John Boorman and starring Lee Marvin . In 2006 Helgeland issued a director 's cut that differs substantially from the version released by the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "917016176825005d365016e0d9adf8d0", "text": "The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film) The Flight of the Phoenix is a 1965 American drama film starring James Stewart , produced and directed by Robert Aldrich , and based on the 1964 novel The Flight of the Phoenix by Elleston Trevor . The story describes several men struggling to survive their aircraft 's emergency landing in the Sahara Desert , and stars Richard Attenborough , Peter Finch , Hardy Krüger and Ernest Borgnine . The ensemble cast includes Ian Bannen , Ronald Fraser , Christian Marquand , Dan Duryea and George Kennedy as other passengers on the aircraft . Though the film was a failure at the box office , it has since gained a cult following .", "title": "" } ]	fever
627c3c4db6d4a14db9b1f6aafa2545cc	Rockefeller University is in New York State.	[ { "docid": "29d07fb8d2af397f78035c7bde1988db", "text": "New York New York is a state in the northeastern United States , and is the 27th-most extensive , fourth-most populous , and seventh-most densely populated U.S. state . New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut , Massachusetts , and Vermont to the east . The state has a maritime border in the Atlantic Ocean with Rhode Island , east of Long Island , as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the north and Ontario to the northwest . The state of New York , with an estimated 19.8 million residents in 2015 , is also referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City , the state 's most populous city and its economic hub . With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015 , New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . The New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . New York City is a global city , exerting a significant impact upon commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and entertainment , its fast pace defining the term New York minute . The home of the United Nations Headquarters , New York City is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , as well as the world 's most economically powerful city . New York City makes up over 40 % of the population of New York State . Two-thirds of the state 's population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area , and nearly 40 % lives on Long Island . Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York , future King James II of England . The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo , Rochester , Yonkers , and Syracuse , while the state capital is Albany . New York has a diverse geography . The southern part of the state consists of Long Island and several smaller associated islands , as well as New York City and the lower Hudson River Valley , most of which lie within the wider Atlantic Coastal Plain . The large region known as Upstate New York consists of several ranges of the wider Appalachian Mountains , including the Allegheny Plateau and Catskills along New York 's Southern Tier , and the Adirondack Mountains , Thousand Islands archipelago , and Saint Lawrence Seaway in the Northeastern lobe of the state . These more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys -- the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley , which forms the core of the Erie Canal . Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario and Lake Erie . Between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls . The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes , a popular vacation and tourist destination . New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York . The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade and proselytizing . In 1609 , the region was claimed by Henry Hudson for the Dutch , who built Fort Nassau in 1614 at the confluence of the Hudson and Mohawk rivers , where the present-day capital of Albany later developed . The Dutch soon also settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson Valley , establishing the colony of New Netherland , a multicultural community from its earliest days and a center of trade and immigration . The British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664 . The borders of the British colony , the Province of New York , were similar to those of the present-day state . Many landmarks in New York are well known to both international and domestic visitors , with New York State hosting four of the world 's ten most-visited tourist attractions in 2013 : Times Square , Central Park , Niagara Falls ( shared with Ontario ) , and Grand Central Terminal . New York is home to the Statue of Liberty , a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom , democracy , and opportunity . In the 21st century , New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship , social tolerance , and environmental sustainability . New York 's higher education network comprises approximately 200 colleges and universities , including Columbia University , Cornell University , New York University , and Rockefeller University , which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "15908712b4cc3b89766851ac4e87d01d", "text": "Rutgers School of Communication and Information The School of Communication and Information ( SC&I ) is a professional school within the New Brunswick Campus of Rutgers , The State University of New Jersey . The school was created in 1982 as a result of a merger between the Graduate School of Library and Information Studies , the School of Communication Studies , and the Livingston Department of Urban Journalism . The school has about 2,500 students at the undergraduate , masters , and doctoral levels , and about 60 full-time faculty . The graduate program in information has been ranked number 6 in the nation , with the specialization in school library media ranked 2nd and several other specializations in the top ten , by U.S. News & World Report .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca7db92d5e2f162de77b5daf88f9f7c0", "text": "List of State University of New York units There are a large variety of campus types and programs in the SUNY system ; each site overlaps somewhat in specialties . SUNY divides its campuses into four categories : university centers / doctoral-granting institutions , comprehensive colleges , technology colleges , and community colleges . SUNY also has a unique relationship with its statutory colleges , which embed state-owned , state-funded colleges within other institutions such as Cornell University and Alfred University . Students at the statutory colleges pay tuition at a state-subsidized rate and are considered students of the private institutions in which the state-funded colleges are embedded . SUNY and the City University of New York are different university systems , even though both are public institutions that receive funding from New York State . SUNY should not be confused with the University of the State of New York ( USNY ) , which is the governmental umbrella organization for most education-related institutions and many education-related personnel ( both public and private ) in New York State , and which includes , as a component , the New York State Education Department . The State University of New York at Potsdam , founded in 1816 , is the oldest institution in the system . Empire State College , founded in 1971 , is the most recent addition to the SUNY system . The largest institution is the University at Buffalo , with over 28,000 students and the smallest member is the College of Optometry , with 301 students . All of the SUNY schools are accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools , in addition to other program-specific accreditations held by individual campuses such as the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business and the Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs . The system 's central administration is in Albany , New York , in the Old Delaware and Hudson Railroad Company Building .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4500c1f0287bf28bc560859bc52fdfa2", "text": "University A university ( universitas , `` a whole '' , `` a corporation '' ) is an institution of higher ( or tertiary ) education and research which grants academic degrees in various academic disciplines . Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education . The word `` university '' is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium , which roughly means `` community of teachers and scholars . '' Universities were created in Italy and evolved from Cathedral schools for the clergy during the High Middle Ages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cba6947fe35c4558f21f0a6ce8585508", "text": "Hostos Community College Eugenio María de Hostos Community College of The City University of New York is a community college in the City University of New York ( CUNY ) system located in the South Bronx , New York City . Hostos Community College was created by an act of the Board of Higher Education in 1968 in response to demands from the Hispanic/Puerto Rican community , which was urging for the establishment of a college to serve the people of the South Bronx . In 1970 , the college admitted its first class of 623 students at the site of a former tire factory . Several years later , the college moved to a larger site nearby at 149th Street and Grand Concourse . Hostos is the first institution of higher education on the mainland to be named after a Puerto Rican , Eugenio María de Hostos , an educator , writer , and patriot . A large proportion ( approximately 60 percent ) of the student population is Hispanic , thus many of the courses at Hostos are offered in Spanish , and the college also provides extensive English and ESL instruction to students . The Hostos Center for the Arts & Culture is a performing arts center contained within the college campus . It consists of a museum-grade art gallery , a 367-seat Repertory Theater , and a 900-seat Main Theater , presenting artists of national and international renown . It has been showcasing theater , dance and music artists for 33 years , with the mission `` to be a cultural force in the Bronx and throughout the New York metropolitan area . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "867deb9fa694662bf52a5a57e77fb206", "text": "Union College Union College is a private , non-denominational liberal arts college located in Schenectady , New York , United States . Founded in 1795 , it was the first institution of higher learning chartered by the New York State Board of Regents . In the 19th century , it became the `` Mother of Fraternities '' , as three of the earliest such organizations were established there . After 175 years as a traditional all-male institution , Union College began enrolling women in 1970 . The college offers a liberal arts curriculum across some 21 academic departments , as well as opportunities for interdepartmental majors and self-designed organizing theme majors . In common with most liberal arts colleges , Union offers a wide array of courses in arts , sciences , literature , and foreign languages , but , in common with only a few other liberal arts colleges , Union also offers ABET-accredited undergraduate degrees in computer engineering , bioengineering , electrical engineering , and mechanical engineering . Approximately 25 % of students major in the social sciences ; 10 % in psychology ; 11 % in engineering ; 10 % in biology ; 9 % in history ; and 10 % in the humanities ; while some 5 % design their own majors . By the time they graduate , about 60 % of Union students will have engaged in some form of international study or study abroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "873370cf1c6ca0c89d6eaddcd7d3c9a6", "text": "Research I university Research I university was a category that the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education previously used to indicate universities in the United States that engage in extensive research activity . The 1994 edition of the Carnegie Classification defined Research I universities as those that : Offer a full range of baccalaureate programs Are committed to graduate education through the doctorate Give high priority to research Award 50 or more doctoral degrees each year Receive annually $ 40 million or more in federal support The Carnegie Foundation reported that 59 institutions met these criteria in 1994 . In their interim 2000 edition of the classification , the Carnegie Foundation renamed the category to Doctoral/research universities-extensive to '' ... avoid the inference that the categories signify quality differences . '' The Foundation replaced their single classification system with a multiple classification system in their 2005 comprehensive overhaul of the classification framework so that the term `` Research I university '' was no longer valid , though many universities continued to use it . In 2015 , the Carnegie Classification System reinstated the `` Research I university '' designations along with `` Research II '' and `` Research III . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7cf799d830aa1676ddffb929280e873", "text": "Princeton, New Jersey Princeton is a municipality with a borough form of government in Mercer County , New Jersey , United States , that was established in its current form on January 1 , 2013 , through the consolidation of the Borough of Princeton and Princeton Township . As of the 2010 United States Census , the municipality 's population was 28,572 , reflecting the former township 's population of 16,265 , along with the 12,307 in the former borough . Princeton was founded before the American Revolution and is best known as the location of Princeton University , located in the community since 1756 . Although its association with the university is primarily what makes Princeton a college town , other important institutions in the area include the Institute for Advanced Study , Westminster Choir College , Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory , Princeton Theological Seminary , Opinion Research Corporation , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Siemens Corporate Research , SRI International , FMC Corporation , The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation , Amrep , Church and Dwight , Berlitz International , and Dow Jones & Company . Princeton is roughly equidistant from New York City and Philadelphia . It is close to many major highways that serve both cities ( e.g. Interstate 95 and US Route 1 ) , and receives major television and radio broadcasts from each . It is also close to Trenton , New Jersey 's capital city , and Edison . The governor of New Jersey 's official residence has been in Princeton since 1945 , when Morven in the borough became the first Governor 's mansion . It was later replaced by the larger Drumthwacket , a colonial mansion located in the former Township . Morven became a museum property of the New Jersey Historical Society . Princeton was ranked 15th of the top 100 towns in the United States to Live and Work In by Money Magazine in 2005 . Although residents of Princeton ( Princetonians ) traditionally have a strong community-wide identity , the community had been composed of two separate municipalities : a township and a borough . The central borough was completely surrounded by the township . The Borough seceded from the Township in 1894 in a dispute over school taxes ; the two municipalities later formed the Princeton Public Schools , and some other public services were conducted together before they were reunited into a single Princeton in January 2013 . The Borough contained Nassau Street , the main commercial street , most of the University campus , and incorporated most of the urban area until the postwar suburbanization . The Borough and Township had roughly equal populations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3ec56acc8bbed57d6567307800dce07", "text": "John Jay College of Criminal Justice The John Jay College of Criminal Justice ( John Jay ) is a senior college of the City University of New York in Midtown Manhattan , New York City . John Jay was founded as the only liberal arts college with a criminal justice and forensic focus in the United States . The college is known for its criminal justice , forensic science , forensic psychology , and public affairs programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5c1864cfd5d922092f72aeee2021eed", "text": "Rockefeller College of Public Affairs & Policy The Nelson A. Rockefeller College of Public Affairs & Policy is a public policy school composed of the Departments of Public Administration & Policy and Political Science at the University at Albany , SUNY , United States . The department provides educational preparation for academic and public service careers , to undertake research on significant public problems and issues , and to assist in the continuing professional development of government executives . Rockefeller College has an enhanced interdisciplinary approach to its public policy mission . The College offers appropriate assistance to the governments of New York State and the United States , and to foreign governments and international organizations in meeting the responsibilities of contemporary citizenship and governance through special courses and conferences ; research and consultation ; and publications for the dissemination of information . The Rockefeller College of Public Affairs and Policy is located on the downtown campus of the University at Albany , SUNY , at 135 Western Avenue , Albany , New York . In 2008 , it was ranked 14th overall out of 253 schools of Public Affairs by U.S. News & World Report magazine . Rankings : Information Technology and Management - # 2 ( US News 2009 ) Public Affairs - # 14 ( US News 2009 ) Public Administration and Management - # 8 ( US News 2009 ) Public Finance and Budgeting - # 7 ( US News 2009 ) Public Policy Analysis - # 22 ( US News 2009 ) Non-Profit Management - # 18 ( US News 2009 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a39dd139c0b05d6754fbcce937e83fc1", "text": "List of Cornell University alumni This list of Cornell University alumni includes notable graduates , non-graduate former students , and current students of Cornell University , an Ivy League university located in Ithaca , New York . Cornell counted 245,027 living alumni as of August 2008 . Its alumni constitute 25 recipients of National Medal of Science and National Medal of Technology and Innovation combined , 32 MacArthur Fellows , 34 Marshall Scholars and 31 Rhodes Scholars , and Cornell is the only university with three female winners of unshared Nobel Prizes among its graduates ( Pearl S. Buck , Barbara McClintock , and Toni Morrison ) . Many alumni maintain university ties through Homecoming 's reunion weekend , through Cornell Magazine , and through the Cornell Club of New York . In 2005 , Cornell ranked # 3 nationwide for gifts and bequests from alumni . Alumni are known as Cornellians . Cornellians are noted for their accomplishments in public , professional , and corporate life . Lee Teng-hui was president of Taiwan , Tsai Ing-wen was elected as the first female president of Taiwan , Mario García Menocal was president of Cuba , Jamshid Amuzegar ( ' 50 ) was prime minister of Iran , Hu Shih ( ' 14 ) was a Chinese reformer and representative to the United Nations , Janet Reno ( ' 60 ) was the first female United States Attorney General , and Ruth Bader Ginsburg ( ' 54 ) serves on the Supreme Court . Additionally , alumnus Matt Urban ( ' 41 ) holds the distinction as the most decorated serviceman in United States history . Cornellians in business include : Citigroup CEO Sanford Weill ( ' 55 ) , Goldman Sachs Group Chairman Stephen Friedman ( ' 59 ) , Kraft Foods CEO Irene Rosenfeld ( ' 75 , ' 77 , ' 80 ) , Aetna CEO Mark Bertolini ( ' 84 ) , S.C. Johnson & Son CEO Fisk Johnson ( ' 79 , ' 80 , ' 82 , ' 84 , ' 86 ) , Cargill Chairman Warren Staley ( ' 67 ) , Chevron Chairman Kenneth T. Derr ( ' 59 ) , Sprint Nextel CEO Dan Hesse ( ' 77 ) , Verizon CEO Lowell McAdam ( ' 76 ) , MasterCard CEO Robert Selander ( ' 72 ) , Coors Brewing Company CEO Adolph Coors II ( ' 37 ) , Burger King founder James McLamore ( ' 47 ) , Loews Corporation Chairman Andrew Tisch ( ' 71 ) , New York Private Bank & Trust Chairman Howard Milstein ( ' 73 ) , Baupost Group founder Seth Klarman ( ' 79 ) , Hotels.com founder David Litman ( ' 79 ) , Palm founder Jeff Hawkins ( ' 79 ) , PeopleSoft founder David Duffield ( ' 62 ) , Priceline.com founder Jay Walker ( ' 77 ) , Staples founder Myra Hart ( ' 62 ) , Qualcomm founder Irwin M. Jacobs ( ' 56 ) , Atlantic Philanthropies founder Chuck Feeney ( ' 56 ) , Lubna Olayan CEO Olayan Financing Company , the holding entity for Olayan Group ( ' 77 ) , and Tata Group CEO Ratan Tata ( ' 62 ) . In medicine , alumnus Robert Atkins ( ' 55 ) developed the Atkins Diet , Henry Heimlich ( ' 47 ) developed the Heimlich maneuver , Wilson Greatbatch ( ' 50 ) invented the pacemaker , James Maas ( ' 66 ; also a faculty member ) coined the term `` power nap '' , and C. Everett Koop ( ' 41 ) served as Surgeon General of the United States . A number of Cornellians have been prominent innovators . Thomas Midgley , Jr. ( ' 11 ) invented Freon , Jon Rubinstein ( ' 78 ) is credited with the development of the iPod , and Robert Tappan Morris developed the first computer worm on the Internet . Eight Cornellians have served as NASA astronauts , Steve Squyres ( ' 81 ) is the principal investigator on the Mars Exploration Rover Mission , and Bill Nye ( ' 77 ) is well known as `` The Science Guy '' . In literature , Toni Morrison ( ' 55 ; Nobel laureate ) is well known for her novel Beloved , Pearl S. Buck ( ' 25 ; Nobel laureate ) authored The Good Earth , and E. B. White ( ' 21 ) authored Charlotte 's Web and Stuart Little . Thomas Pynchon ( ' 59 ) won the National Book Award for Gravity 's Rainbow . Kurt Vonnegut , author of Slaughterhouse-Five and Cat 's Cradle , attended Cornell from 1940 -- 1944 and was Assistant Managing Editor of the Cornell Daily Sun . Media personalities who have graduated from Cornell include conservative Ann Coulter ( ' 84 ) and liberals Bill Maher ( ' 78 ) and Keith Olbermann ( ' 79 ) . Several Cornellians have also achieved critical acclaim in entertainment . Christopher Reeve ( ' 74 ) played Superman , Frank Morgan was The Wizard of Oz , Jimmy Smits ( ' 82 ) was in Star Wars : Attack of the Clones , and Ronald D. Moore created the 2004 remake of Battlestar Galactica . On the architectural front , alumnus Richmond Shreve ( 1902 ) designed the Empire State Building , and Raymond M. Kennedy ( ' 15 ) designed Hollywood 's famous Grauman 's Chinese Theatre . In education and academics , more than 150 Cornellians have served as heads of universities in the United States and around the world , including the founding president of Stanford University David Starr Jordan ( 1872 ) , the president of Johns Hopkins University Steven Muller , the president of the University of Chicago Lawrence A. Kimpton and George Wells Beadle , the president of Carleton University and the University of Toronto Claude Bissell and Hermengildo B. Reyes ( EE ' 18 ) , co-founding President 1946 Far Eastern University in 1928 and co-founding President in 1951 University of the East . M. Carey Thomas ( 1877 ) founded Bryn Mawr College . More than 215 Cornellians have been elected members of the National Academy of Sciences and another 172 have been elected to the National Academy of Engineering , respectively . In athletics , Cornell graduates include football legend Glenn `` Pop '' Warner ( 1894 ) , head coach of the United States men 's national soccer team Bruce Arena ( ' 73 ) , National Hockey League commissioner Gary Bettman ( ' 74 ) , Major League Baseball Commissioner Rob Manfred , six-time Stanley Cup-winning hockey goalie Ken Dryden ( ' 69 ) , William Larned who was one of the `` Big Three of the U.S. men 's ( tennis ) championship '' and won the title seven times , and Toronto Raptors president Bryan Colangelo ( ' 87 ) . Alumni who played in the National Football League include Super Bowl champion Kevin Boothe , and Ed Marinaro ( ' 71 ) , who was also known for his television work on Hill Street Blues . Cornellians have also won numerous Olympic medals ( 28 Gold , 19 Silver and 8 Bronze , as of 2017 ) . Fictional alumni have been portrayed in several films , television shows , and books . Characters include Andy Bernard of The Office , Natalie Keener of Up in the Air , and Christina Pagniacci ( portrayed by Cameron Diaz ) in Any Given Sunday .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bed5b7fbd82d57a29262c2883ca954d6", "text": "Rockefeller Music Hall Rockefeller Music Hall , ordinarily referred to simply as Rockefeller , is a concert venue in downtown Oslo , Norway . The building , known as `` Torggata Bad '' ( `` Market Street Bath '' ) earlier used to house a public bath facility . The music hall was established in 1986 . Rockefeller is owned by the Rockefeller Music Hall Company , which also owns a nightclub which is located in the same building complex , John Dee , as well as another nearby music venue , Sentrum Scene . Rockefeller is known for its high volume of concert events , very often involving pop and rock music , as well as cultural events with Norwegian and international artists such as the annual black metal Inferno Festival , running since 2001 . The venue consists of a main room , a large gallery , a smaller upper gallery and lounge bar . The Coldplay EP Trouble - Norwegian Live EP was recorded at the venue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14b3dc86e918fb818d41b412e0339f4e", "text": "List of state universities in the United States In the United States , a state college or state university is one of the public colleges or universities funded by or associated with the state government . In some cases , these institutions of higher learning are part of a state university system , while in other cases they are not . Several U.S. territories also administer public colleges and universities . The U.S. federal government does not run colleges or universities except for the service academies , the Community College of the Air Force , the Naval Postgraduate School , the Air Force Institute of Technology , the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , military war colleges and staff colleges , and Haskell Indian Nations University . Additionally , Georgetown University , Gallaudet University , Howard University , and American University are private universities that are federally chartered . However , the federal government does make grants to state universities . These state , as well as private , universities are accredited by different regional , not national , accreditation agencies , including the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools , the New England Association of Schools and Colleges , the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities , the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools , the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools , and the Western Association of Schools and Colleges , depending on which region of the United States the university is located in . These accreditation agencies ' approvals are critical to a university 's operations and public reputation . If a university loses accreditation or is not accredited in the first place , students will be reluctant to either continue or enroll at the school because the degree will be seen as being worthless . In a worst-case scenario , a university can shut down completely . The aforementioned agencies are all recognized by the United States Department of Education . Most state universities receive at least part of their funding from the state , although many have substantial income from tuition and fees , endowment proceeds , donations ( such as from alumni or philanthropists ) , and revenue from royalties . State universities usually offer lower tuition costs to in-state residents . According to the College Board , public four-year colleges charge on average $ 7,605 per year in tuition and fees for full-time in-state students and $ 11,990 for out-of-state students . In some states , e.g. Maryland , Tennessee , Indiana , and Washington , there is a campus designated as the `` flagship '' campus in the state 's university system , which generally is the most prestigious campus and the largest campus in student population , e.g. the University of Maryland College Park campus in the University System of Maryland , the Indiana University Bloomington campus in the Indiana University System , the University of Tennessee Knoxville campus in the University of Tennessee System , and the University of Washington 's Seattle campus in the University of Washington System . However , in some other states , the state universities are treated as equal partners ; therefore there is no officially recognized flagship campus in the state 's university system . There are a number of states that have more than one university system , e.g. California with 2 ; Colorado with 2 ; New York with 2 ; and Texas with 6 ( the most ) . Notes : As a general rule , schools are not alphabetized by their complete names , but rather by the names by which they are normally called . For example , in a list alphabetized by normal rules , `` Auburn University '' would precede `` University of Alabama , '' but the schools are virtually always referred to in popular conversation as `` Auburn '' and `` Alabama '' ( followed by a campus identifier if required by the context ) . Therefore , in this article , `` Alabama '' precedes `` Auburn '' . The list includes some of the more common academic nicknames or acronyms used for certain colleges or universities , e.g. `` Ole Miss '' for the University of Mississippi , `` Idaho State '' for Idaho State University , or `` UNF '' for the University of North Florida , not the `` Rebels '' , `` Bengals '' , or `` Ospreys '' , respectively . To minimize any confusion regarding acronyms , either the first school listed or the school that is more nationally known having an acronym the same as another has the acronym provided , e.g. San Diego State University has the acronym `` SDSU '' included because it is listed before South Dakota State University , and Arizona State University has the acronym `` ASU '' given because it is better known nationally than Alabama State . In addition , only acronyms that are unique are given , e.g. `` UW Tacoma '' for the University of Washington 's Tacoma campus or `` UNH '' for the University of New Hampshire . The list also includes schools that grant first-professional doctorates only ( e.g. , medical schools , law schools , or veterinary schools ) that are independent of any other school in a state system . To see a list of community colleges and technical centers in the United States that offer only associate 's degrees , visit the community colleges list . To see a list of tribal colleges and universities in the United States , visit the tribal colleges and universities list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5628612b4685c45bfb2f5755b7c65c5e", "text": "Rutgers Law School Rutgers Law School is a public law school in the U.S. state of New Jersey , formed in 2015 by the merger of two separate schools . Rutgers School of Law -- Camden , an American law school originally established in 1926 as `` South Jersey Law School '' , which merged with Rutgers University in 1950 Rutgers School of Law -- Newark , an American law school founded in 1908 as `` New Jersey Law School '' , which merged with the University of Newark in 1936 , and which later became part of Rutgers University . In 2015 , the two law schools were unified into a single law school with two campuses . U.S. News & World Report , in its 2018 rankings of Best Graduate Schools , ranked Rutgers Law School 62nd among 197 law schools fully accredited by the American Bar Association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7289e26961c51e193c621f32c5bc40e", "text": "Bayside Yankees The Bayside Yankees is a traveling baseball team based out of the New York City area that comprises five teams consisting of players ranging in age from 12 to 18 years old . With a tradition rich of winning championships and producing top baseball talents , Bayside has built the reputation as one of the best amateur baseball organizations in the country and history of travel baseball . Thus , they have adopted for themselves the nickname , `` Aaaaaaamerica 's Team '' . Founder and head coach of the Senior Yankees , Marc Cuseta , has gained notoriety among all of baseball coaches by leading Bayside through numerous national championships and producing top level talents who extend to play college and professional baseball . He and his coaches recruit and accept top talent players from across the country who show a love for the game , setting their season to compete in prestigious national tournaments against the elite teams in the nation . Their goals are not only to win , but to further develop the players and allow them to gain as much exposure possible to college coaches , scouts and Major League Baseball . Many college programs and professional organizations , have frequently called upon Cuseta to send his highly talented players to their college and organization . In its history , Bayside Yankee players have earned scholarships to universities such as the University of Miami , Clemson University , Vanderbilt University , St. John 's University , Duke University , Wake Forest University , University of North Carolina , University of Arizona , Georgia Tech , University of Notre Dame , Oklahoma State , Florida State , Virginia Tech , University of Pittsburgh , Tulane University , University of Kentucky , and top junior colleges . Dozens of Bayside Yankee players have moved onto professional baseball careers . After finishing the 2012 summer season and going 1-2 in the Connie Mack World Series , Cuseta has 1,999 wins in amateur baseball . 2,000 should come relatively soon as the BY 's start their 2012 fall season . NABF NATIONAL CHAMPIONS 1983 , 1986 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 2004 , 2005 , 2006 ( sophomore division ) , 2008 CABA SENIOR WORLD CHAMPIONS 1997 , 1998 , 1999 & 2003 NABF REGIONAL CHAMPIONS 1982 , 1983 , 1984 , 1986 , 1988 , 1989 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 1999 , 2000 , 2002 , 2003 , 2004 , 2005 , & 2006 NEW YORK LIBERTY TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS 1989 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 1999 , 2000 , 2004 , 2005 , 2006 , & 2007 EAST COBB ( RAWLINGS / WORTH ) SUMMER CLASSIC CHAMPIONS 2005 ALABAMA BOMBERS SUMMER CLASSIC CHAMPIONS 2005 JOE GRACI MEMORIAL TOURNANMENT 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 1999 , 2000 , 2001 , 2002 , 2004 , 2005 , 2006 , & 2007 NEW YORK CITY FEDERATION CHAMPIONS 1984 , 1985 , 1986 , 1988 , 1989 , 1990 , 1991 & 1992 LONG ISLAND BASEBALL CONFERENCE CHAMPIONS 1982 , 1983 , 1984 , 1985 , 1986 , 1988 , 1989 , 1990 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 & 1999 BIG APPLE TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS 1998 , 1992 & 1996 SUFFOLK COUNTY INVITATIONAL TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS 1992 NABF JUNIOR MID ATLANTIC REGIONAL CHAMPIONS 1993 , 1994 , 2006 FABL SUFFOLK COUNTY CHAMPIONS 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 2001 , & 2006 EAST COBB WOOD BAT TOURNAMENT CHAMPIONS 2000 NATIONAL JUNIOR BASEBALL LEAGUE CHAMPIONS ( ELITE WOOD BAT DIVISION CHAMPS ) 1997 , 1998 , 1999 , 2001 , 2002 , 2003 , 2004 , 2005 , & 2006 ATLANTIC COAST ELITE BASEBALL LEAGUE CHAMPIONS 2001 , 2002 & 2004 USA BASEBALL JUNIOR OLYMPIC SUPER SERIES CHAMPIONS 1993 AABC NORTH ATLANTIC REGIONAL CHAMPIONS ( CONNIE MACK ) 2003 SENIOR PREMIER NATIONAL ASSOCIATION NATIONAL CHAMPIONS 2006 , 2007 OSCEOLA COUNTY INVITATIONAL 16U 2007", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f3de971fe9a7b86bd03b9c0d13f3389", "text": "Northeastern University Northeastern University ( NU , formerly NEU ) is a private research university in Boston , Massachusetts , established in 1898 . It is categorized as an R1 institution ( Doctoral Universities : Highest Research Activity ) by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . The university offers undergraduate and graduate programs on its main campus in the Fenway-Kenmore , Roxbury , South End , and Back Bay neighborhoods of Boston . The university has satellite campus in Charlotte , North Carolina , Seattle , Washington , and Silicon Valley , California that exclusively offer graduate degrees . An additional satellite campus will open in Toronto , Ontario , Canada in late 2016 . The university 's enrollment is approximately 18,000 undergraduate students and 7,000 graduate students . Northeastern features a cooperative education program that integrates classroom study with professional experience on seven continents and a comprehensive study abroad program . In 2011 , the university opened the George J. Kostas Research Institute for Homeland Security . The Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex opened in early 2017 . Northeastern is a large , highly residential university . Most students choose to live on campus but upperclassmen have the option to live off campus . More than 75 % of Northeastern students receive some form of financial aid . In the 2015 -- 16 school year , the university offered $ 239 million in grant and scholarship assistance . The university 's sports teams , the Northeastern Huskies , compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Colonial Athletic Association ( CAA ) in 18 varsity sports . The men 's and women 's hockey teams compete in Hockey East , while the men 's and women 's rowing teams compete in the Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges ( EARC ) and Eastern Association of Women 's Rowing Colleges ( EAWRC ) , respectively . Men 's Track and Field has won the CAA back to back years in 2015 and 2016 . In 2013 , men 's basketball won its first CAA regular season championship , men 's soccer won the CAA title for the first time , and women 's ice hockey won a record 16th Beanpot championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b32c05151eb088568e8854f335d3482", "text": "Stony Brook Manhattan Stony Brook Manhattan was established in 2002 as a branch facility of State University of New York at Stony Brook . It consolidated operations in 2011 to the 3rd floor of 387 Park Avenue South , with a classroom entrance around the corner at 101 East 27th Street . The 18000 sqft site allows Stony Brook to offer professional and graduate courses targeted towards students in the city ; undergraduate courses are held primarily during the summer and winter sessions . Conferences and special events take place throughout the year . As of February 2017 , the lease for the facility was terminated and classes are no longer offered .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d9f091081645f24ae9bfacb1ba68725", "text": "Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences The Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences ( WCGS ) ( formerly known as the Cornell University Graduate School of Medical Sciences ) is a graduate college of Cornell University that was founded in 1952 as an academic partnership between two major medical institutions in New York City : the Weill Cornell Medical College and the Sloan-Kettering Institute . Cornell is involved in the Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program with Rockefeller University and the Sloan-Kettering Institute ; each of these three institutions is part of a large biomedical center extending along York Avenue between 65th and 72nd Streets on the Upper East Side of Manhattan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7841c6ff75de25b25f73b25019c3116", "text": "New York State Capitol The New York State Capitol , the seat of New York State government , is located in Albany , the capital city of the U.S. state of New York . The capitol building is part of the Empire State Plaza complex on State Street in Capitol Park . Housing the New York State Legislature , the building was completed in 1899 at a cost of US$ 25 million ( equivalent to $ million in ) , making it the most expensive government building of its time . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 , then included as a contributing property when the Lafayette Park Historic District was listed in 1978 . The New York State Capitol was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a91eee0427e55a95974ca82893bbea3", "text": "Rutgers University–New Brunswick Rutgers University -- New Brunswick is the oldest campus of Rutgers University , the others being in Camden and Newark . It is primarily located in New Brunswick and Piscataway . The campus is composed of several smaller campuses : College Avenue , Busch , Livingston , Cook , and Douglass , the latter two sometimes referred to as `` Cook/Douglass , '' as they are adjacent to each other . Rutgers -- New Brunswick also includes several buildings in downtown New Brunswick . The New Brunswick campuses include 19 undergraduate , graduate and professional schools , including the School of Arts and Sciences , School of Environmental and Biological Sciences , School of Communication , Information and Library Studies , the Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy , School of Engineering , the Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy , the Graduate School , the Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology , the Graduate School of Education , School of Management and Labor Relations , the Mason Gross School of the Arts , the College of Nursing , the Rutgers Business School and the School of Social Work . While several student centers , libraries , commercial venues , and dining halls are found on the various campuses , each campus has a unique environment created by the academic departments and facilities it hosts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0113dcd279705361b65e92d8bedbef63", "text": "Farmers' Market (New York City) There are over 50 farmer 's markets in New York City in all boroughs , which operate under GrowNYC under the `` Greenmarket '' name . GrownNYC 's food hub , `` Greenmarket , '' includes Greenmarket Co. , Youthmarket , Fresh Food Box , and the Wholesale Greenmarket under it 's programming . Greenmarket farmers market aims to encourage regional agriculture by allowing small family farms to sell their locally grown fruits , vegetables , flowers , dairy and other products , so that people in New York of all incomes and in all parts , have access to the fresh , nutritious , provincial , affordable and sustainable goods . GrownNYC 's network , Greenmarket Co. has customers that range from Michelin starred restaurants , popular food retailers to family run bodegas , senior centers and soap kitchens ; and their sources are not only from small to mid sized farms in Northeast region of New York State and New York City but also from farms in New Jersey , Pennsylvania and New England , providing New Yorkers with a bountiful and diverse array of fresh foods ☂ . One well-known farmer 's market in New York is the Union Square Greenmarket which was founded in 1976 , held year-round on Mondays , Wednesdays , Fridays and Saturdays with changing vendors on different days . The number of regional farmers , fishers , and bakers go as high as 140 during the most popular seasons , when the market is visited by food-enthusiast New Yorkers . Union square farmers market offers seasonal , fresh fruits and vegetables , artisanal cheeses , meats , breads , pickles , jams , wines , flowers amongst many others . The market is situated at the city 's one of the most vibrant locations and allows about 60,000 people to shop , taste and tour while meeting with farmers", "title": "" } ]	fever
d16b0236cc66f45d005e975666c33d92	Jane Lynch is an American comedian.	[ { "docid": "58b0886643d9ae423bbc45538108b971", "text": "Jane Lynch Jane Marie Lynch ( born July 14 , 1960 ) is an American actress , singer , and comedian . She is best known as Sue Sylvester on Glee . She also gained fame in Christopher Guest 's improv mockumentary pictures such as Best in Show . Lynch 's television cameos include an appearance in the Nickelodeon situation comedy iCarly and the Showtime dark comedy series Weeds . Lynch had a recurring role in the Warner Bros. situation comedy Two and a Half Men from 2004 to 2014 and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for her performance in 2010 . She has also had other notable roles in numerous mainstream comedies , such as Talladega Nights : The Ballad of Ricky Bobby , The 40-Year-Old Virgin , Role Models and The Three Stooges . Her portrayal of Sue Sylvester in Glee has won numerous awards , including the Primetime Emmy Award , Golden Globe Award , Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series , TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Comedy , Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress -- Series , Miniseries , or Television Film , and the People 's Choice Award for Favorite TV Comedy Actress . On September 4 , 2013 , Lynch received the 2,505 th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the category of television located at 6640 Hollywood Blvd. . Lynch has lent her voice to multiple animated films , including Space Chimps , Ice Age : Dawn of the Dinosaurs , Shrek Forever After and Wreck-It Ralph . Since 2013 , she has hosted the NBC game show Hollywood Game Night , for which she has won two Emmy Awards .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "cef454ba22f51cdaf980cb0862859940", "text": "Prop comedy Prop comedy is a comedy genre in which performers use humorous objects , or conventional objects in humorous ways . The stages and films term `` prop '' , an abbreviation of `` property '' , refers to any object an actor handles in the course of a performance . Though some form of prop comedy has likely existed as long as there have been comedians , the genre reached its zenith in the vaudeville era . The vaudeville team Olsen and Johnson used prop comedy extensively in their long running Broadway revue Hellzapoppin . A prop comic is a comedian who uses prop comedy . Prop comics are sometimes looked down upon by other comedians , and the term is sometimes used derisively . However , some , such as Tommy Cooper , rose to critical acclaim as their props revolved around a gimmick ( such as Cooper 's magic ) and the comedian 's character around that gimmick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25ca1c20d4c110b3fbfdd886f6a0bf0c", "text": "List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber . Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ecc08acba7324dd2495c07aa1d5b685", "text": "Tone Bell Michael Anthony `` Tone '' Bell , II . ( born August 10 , 1983 ) is an American stand-up comedian and actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b28e717956a94d8169b2c997987c80c1", "text": "Funny Women Funny Women is an online and workshop community dedicated to the support of female comedians . It was founded by Lynne Parker in 2000 as a reaction to a misogynistic comments from a comedy promoter . Funny Women helps women find their voice , promote them , and assists charities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ab992621a87116f99561894b556667d", "text": "The Slap Maxwell Story The Slap Maxwell Story ( sometimes seen in print as The `` Slap '' Maxwell Story ) is a sitcom broadcast in the United States by ABC as part of its 1987 -- 88 lineup . It starred Dabney Coleman as `` Slap '' Maxwell , an egocentric sportswriter for a newspaper called The Ledger , somewhere in the American Southwest . The Ledger is an old-fashioned newspaper , and Slap is an old-fashioned man , who composes his `` Slap Shots '' column on a typewriter . Despite the newly litigious environment of journalism , Slap insists on filling his column with rumor and innuendo , which draws lawsuits and frequently results in Slap 's termination . After each termination , Slap makes groveling apologies and is rehired . Slap has an on-again , off-again relationship with Judy ( Megan Gallagher ) , one of the paper 's secretaries . The series also featured Annie ( Susan Anspach ) as Slap 's ex-wife , who retains a soft spot for him . Each episode featured a recurring joke in which someone would hit Slap . The show was created by Jay Tarses , who in 1983 was co-creator of Buffalo Bill , an NBC sitcom in which Coleman starred as an off-putting talk show host .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e175ca32071aa0cbb8d9c7ce0bcd54", "text": "American burlesque American burlesque is a genre of variety show . Derived from elements of Victorian burlesque , music hall and minstrel shows , burlesque shows in America became popular in the 1860s and evolved to feature ribald comedy ( lewd jokes ) and female striptease . By the early 20th century , burlesque in America was presented as a populist blend of satire , performance art , music hall , and adult entertainment , featuring striptease and broad comedy acts . The entertainment was presented often in cabarets and clubs , as well as music halls and theatres . Performers , usually female , often created elaborate tableaux with lush , colorful costumes , mood-appropriate music , and dramatic lighting ; novelty acts , such as fire breathing or contortionists , might be added to enhance the impact of their performance . The genre traditionally encompassed a variety of acts : in addition to the striptease artistes , there was some combination of chanson singers , comedians , mime artists , and dancing girls , all delivered in a satiric style with a saucy edge . The striptease element of burlesque became subject to extensive local legislation , leading to a theatrical form that titillated without falling afoul of censors . Burlesque gradually lost popularity beginning in the 1940s . A number of producers sought to capitalize on nostalgia for the entertainment by attempting to recreate the spirit of burlesque in Hollywood films from the 1930s to the 1960s . There has been a resurgence of interest in this format since the 1990s , and it inspired a 2010 musical film , Burlesque , starring Christina Aguilera and Cher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ebb78c6909b69ecd83afcb0bb21bed4", "text": "Jane Bryant Quinn Jane Bryant Quinn ( born February 5 , 1939 ) is an American financial journalist . She is one of the nation 's leading commentators on personal finance . Her policy columns have addressed matters of top concern to citizens , including investor protection , health insurance , Social Security , and the sufficiency of retirement plans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9906a129d4c931dc7260eff32cdf996", "text": "Sears Radio Theater Sears Radio Theater was a radio drama anthology series which ran weeknights on CBS Radio in 1979 , sponsored by the Sears chain . Often paired with The CBS Radio Mystery Theater during its first season , the program offered a different genre of drama for each day 's broadcast . In January 1980 , the program moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System and became the Mutual Radio Theater . The Mutual series broadcast repeats from the CBS run until September 1980 , when a short season of new dramas was presented . Sears continued as a sponsor during the Mutual run . Monday was `` Western Night '' and was hosted by Lorne Greene . Tuesday was `` Comedy Night '' , hosted by Andy Griffith . Wednesday was `` Mystery Night '' with Vincent Price as host . Thursday was `` Love and Hate Night '' with Cicely Tyson doing honors as host . Finally , Friday brought `` Adventure Night '' , first hosted by Richard Widmark and later by Howard Duff and then by Leonard Nimoy . Actors heard on the series included Jim Jordan , Henry Morgan , Daws Butler , June Foray , Parley Baer , Mary Jane Croft , Howard Culver , John Dehner , Virginia Gregg , Janet Waldo , Vic Perrin , Hans Conried , Marvin Miller , Elliott Lewis , Jeff Corey , Lesley Woods , Robert Rockwell , Lurene Tuttle , Eve Arden , Keith Andes , Harriet Nelson , Alan Young , Tom Bosley , Marion Ross , Lloyd Bochner , Rick Jason , Frank Campanella , Toni Tennille , Arthur Hill , Dan O'Herlihy , Jesse White and Frank Nelson . Actress Peggy Webber was heard on 52 episodes . It was produced and directed by Fletcher Markle and Elliott Lewis . The theme was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle . Though less long-lived than NPR 's Earplay or the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , it was an ambitious attempt to reinvigorate a neglected field . Like Earplay , it was broadcast in stereo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbb03449ffb8494a09c8cfb64f3c42bf", "text": "Jerry Carroll (comedian) Jerry Carroll ( born 1959 ) is an American comedian , speaker and farmer based in based in Raleigh , North Carolina . Also known as The Willow Spring Wildman , Carroll is best known for his role as co-host on television 's `` Amazing America with Sarah Palin '' . Carroll started his career as a comedian in 1993 after working as a full-time farmer for several years . He has opened concerts for several music artists including Michael Bolton , Patty Loveless , Lyle Lovett , and Larry Gatlin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5d7a7f213714eb0dce168dc5ceef4f", "text": "The Comedians (1971 TV series) The Comedians is a British television show of the 1970s ( later reprised in the mid-1980s and early 1990s ) produced by Johnnie Hamp of Granada Television . The show gave a stage to nightclub and working men 's club comedians of the era , including Russ Abbot , Lennie Bennett , Stan Boardman , Jim Bowen , Jimmy Bright , Duggie Brown , Mike Burton , Dave Butler , Brian Carroll , Frank Carson , Mike Coyne , Jimmy Cricket , Colin Crompton , Pauline Daniels , Charlie Daze , Vince Earl , Steve Faye , Eddie Flanagan , Stu Francis , Ken Goodwin , Jackie Hamilton , Jerry Harris , George King , Bobby Knutt , Bernard Manning , Mike McCabe , Paul Melba , Mick Miller , Hal Nolan , Tom O'Connor , Tom Pepper , Bryn Phillips , Mike Reid , George Roper , Harry Scott , Sammy Thomas , Johnny Wager , Roy Walker , Charlie Williams , Lee Wilson and Lenny Windsor . Also featured on the TV show , were Shep 's Banjo Boys , a 7-piece band comprising ( for the first 5 series ) Charlie Bentley ( tenor banjo ) , John Drury ( sousaphone ) , Andy Holdorf ( trombone ) , John Orchard ( piano ) , John Rollings ( drums ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . In 1973 , the line up was Mike Dexter ( banjo ) , Tony `` Tosh '' Kennedy ( sousaphone ) , Ged Martin ( drums ) , Tony Pritchard ( trombone ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard `` Shep '' Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . The Comedians began as an experiment for Granada TV . Filmed before a live audience in Manchester , comics each performed 20-minute sets , which were then edited together into half-hour shows . Each edition featured up to ten stand-up comics . Working men 's clubs are numerous in Britain , especially in North East England and have been a useful training ground for artists , especially comedians . Most of these clubs are affiliated to the CIU ( Working Men 's Club and Institute Union ) founded in 1862 by the Rev. Henry Solly . There are also political clubs , as well as Servicemen 's Clubs affiliated to the Royal British Legion . It was remarkably popular during the earlier series . An LP recording of the show reached the best-seller charts , several sell-out national tours followed , including a season at the London Palladium , and the programme won the Critics ' circle Award . The comedy frequently took the form of anecdotes or jokes and often involved racist or sexist stereotypes . Like other British comedy successes of the day , notably , Love Thy Neighbour , this kind of entertainment was acceptable on British television during this period but would not be so today . Viewing the series in retrospect it stands as a major social document of the times . In recent years , the series has been repeated on the ( now defunct ) British satellite television channel Plus , and can now be bought on DVD , having been released by Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428ca9087256aa1b89a9aaa01ab384dc", "text": "Talking With... Talking With ... is a 1982 play by Jane Martin , published by Samuel French Incorporated . The play is composed of eleven ten-minute monologues , each featuring a different woman who talks about her life . The play includes the pieces , `` Fifteen Minutes , '' `` Scraps , '' `` Clear Glass Marbles , '' `` Audition , '' `` Rodeo , '' `` Twirler , '' `` Lamps , '' `` Handler , '' `` Dragons , '' `` French Fries , '' and `` Marks . '' It premiered at the Manhattan Theatre Club in New York in 1982 and has been performed around the world . The play deals with the personal ordeals of each of the female characters . Many of them are very touching ; a few are even intensely emotional . However , there is also the very comical . Even the funny ones , however , have an underlying depth to them that gives a sensitive insight into each of the characters involved.The ladies cover a wide spectrum of life and age from the fading rodeo star in `` Rodeo '' to the young aspiring actress in `` Audition '' , there is much tenderness and diversity in the subject matter involved in the play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2a4dbc30e72828733b6d6ec1a13fe18", "text": "Miranda Sings Miranda Sings is a fictional character , developed on the internet , created in 2008 and portrayed by American comedian , actress and YouTube personality Colleen Ballinger . Ballinger displays videos of the comically talentless , egotistical , misguided and quirky character on her YouTube channel . In these videos , the eccentric , narcissistic , yet endearing character sings and dances badly , gives inept `` tutorials '' , recounts her daily activities , discusses current events that she often misunderstands , collaborates with other YouTubers , and rants about her critics , reading examples of hate mail directed at the character on social media ; she responds to them with her catchphrase : `` Haters Back Off ! '' . Ballinger created the character as a satire of bad but arrogant singers who believe that posting their videos on YouTube will lead to them breaking into show business . As of February 2017 , the Miranda Sings YouTube channel had surpassed 1.2 billion views and 7 million subscribers , and Miranda had more than 6 million Instagram followers . Miranda has been ranked the 7th `` most popular '' YouTube personality by Daily American , and the channel was ranked No. 38 of all time by NewMediaRockstars . The character also has an active presence on other social media . Since 2009 , in addition to her internet videos , Ballinger has regularly presented live comedy acts , in character as Miranda Sings , at first in cabaret spaces and later in theaters in New York , London , and other cities in the US , Canada , Europe , Australia and elsewhere . Her acts include Miranda 's signature off-key singing of pop music hits and show tunes , with introductions focusing on the character 's backstory . Her delivery is full of malapropisms , mondegreens and spoonerisms , and the acts incorporate interaction with audience volunteers , giving a `` voice lesson '' to , or singing a duet with , Broadway or other musical celebrities , reading hate mail , and singing while being stabbed through the neck in her `` magic trick '' . The character has appeared in web series , interviews and an episode of the TV show Victorious . In 2014 , she guest-starred in character on an episode of Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee with Jerry Seinfeld and appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon . In July 2015 , she released a New York Times # 1 best-selling book , written in Miranda 's voice , titled Selp-Helf . Miranda is the main character in the Netflix original series Haters Back Off , which premiered in 2016 and has been renewed for 2017 . Ballinger won a Teen Choice Award and a Streamy Award for her Miranda videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d60e72b084587e5f0ef953ad7deebed", "text": "The Joan Rivers Show The Joan Rivers Show is an American talk show hosted by comedian Joan Rivers that premiered on September 5 , 1989 in broadcast syndication . The show aired for five seasons and ended on December 31 , 1993 . The show was nominated for numerous Emmy Awards , with Rivers winning the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Talk Show Host in 1990 . The series was produced by PGHM Productions , Joan Rivers 's production company , and distributed by Tribune Entertainment . Rivers had previously hosted late-night talk show entitled The Late Show with Joan Rivers which got canceled in May 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4302db922d82a8c38ae9eba4ae87696", "text": "DumbLand DumbLand is a series of eight crudely animated shorts written , directed and voiced by director David Lynch in 2002 . The shorts were originally released on the Internet through Lynch 's website , and were released as a DVD in 2005 . The total running time of all eight shorts combined is approximately a half-hour . The series details the daily routines of a dull-witted white trash man . The man lives in a house along with his frazzled wife and squeaky-voiced child , both of whom are nameless as is the man in the shows . Lynch 's website , however , identifies the male character by the name Randy and the child by the name Sparky . The wife is not named . The style of the series is intentionally crude both in terms of presentation and content , with limited animation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59d80bf24f419c4ef1f4b3c10d900e37", "text": "Jim Turner (comedian) Jim Turner ( born 1952 ) is an American actor and comedian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bda5d5f0d7a4ba78e0d0041a596dd4cb", "text": "Jim Florentine James `` Jim '' Florentine is an American stand-up comedian , actor , and television personality . He is best known for co-hosting That Metal Show on VH1 Classic , as well as voicing several characters on Crank Yankers including Special Ed and Bobby Fletcher . He hosts a popular podcast called Comedy Metal Midgets since 2011 and has a radio show on Ozzys Boneyard channel on Sirius/XM . To date he has released 6 stand-up CDs , 2 comedy specials , 6 prank call CDs called Terrorizing Telemarketers ' and 3 hidden camera DVDs called Meet The Creeps '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b948f0e666749fd080aaea5946da614", "text": "The Truth About Jane The Truth About Jane is a Lifetime Original Movie , directed by Lee Rose , that first aired on TV on August 7 , 2000 and stars Stockard Channing , Ellen Muth , Kelly Rowan Jenny O Hara and RuPaul ( credited under RuPaul Charles ) . It 's about a teenage girl named Jane ( Muth ) who struggles not only with her sexuality , but with a mother ( Channing ) who refuses to accept her . The film was nominated for several awards , including Outstanding TV Movie by GLAAD , Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries ( Channing ) Screen Actors Guild , and Original Long Form by WGA . The film ends with a dedication to Matthew Shepard and to `` all the men & women who love differently '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6221c3913589745db6b8e824a2dac4c", "text": "Saturday Night Live parodies of Hillary Clinton The sketch comedy television show Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) has for almost three decades aired a number of sketches parodying Hillary Clinton , from her time as First Lady , and during both her unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 2008 and 2016 . A total of nine different performers have played Hillary Clinton on SNL . The array of SNL cast members portraying Clinton has included Jan Hooks , Janeane Garofalo , Vanessa Bayer , Ana Gasteyer , Amy Poehler , and Kate McKinnon . Guest stars playing Clinton have included Drew Barrymore and Rachel Dratch . One sketch even featured Miley Cyrus in a guest appearance as Clinton , rapping : `` What 's up y' all ? I 'm like Hillary Clint , and I wan na be president one day . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc8bf81f27171c034bdfe3b7a72d18a", "text": "History of Saturday Night Live (1995–2000) Saturday Night Live is an American sketch comedy series created and produced by Lorne Michaels for most of the show 's run . The show has aired on NBC since 1975 . After a disastrous 1994 -- 95 season featuring a mix of old and new characters , Michaels decided to once again revamp the cast , keeping only five cast members and hiring six . The 1995 -- 96 season once again saved the show from cancellation , introducing a new era of Saturday Night Live characters and sketches that were highly popular with audiences . This cast stayed mostly stable until the 1998 -- 99 season , which added cast members such as Jimmy Fallon and Horatio Sanz . These two would pave the way for the next era of Saturday Night Live in the early 2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3addfe547a43f221cb838a1dbba5435", "text": "Just for Laughs: Gags Just for Laughs : Gags ( in French , Juste pour rire : Gags ) is a Canadian silent comedy/hidden camera reality television show that is under the Just for Laughs brand . It is based on the similar American series Candid Camera . The series is also on YouTube . In December 26 , 2000 , JFL : Gags began airing on French Canadian network Canal D . In the following years , the show was picked up by TVA , CBC and The Comedy Network in Canada , BBC1 in the UK , TF1 in France and ABC and Telemundo in the United States ; the Canadian version ( unlike the ones produced for ABC ) aired in the United States in first-run syndication starting in the fall of 2015 and ended in February 2016 . The series uses a hidden camera format , playing pranks on unsuspecting subjects while hidden cameras capture the subjects ' responses ; each episode presents multiple gags . While some segments have included brief dialogue , most do not contain any sound or dialogue ; the audio is replaced with sound effects , a laugh track , and public domain music . Most segments are filmed in Quebec City , Montreal and Vancouver , while some have been filmed in Mexico . British and Asian versions have been produced in the UK and Singapore , respectively . In 2011 the show spawned a spinoff , Just Kidding , which consists exclusively of kids playing pranks on adults . With its silent format and no translation required , Just for Laughs : Gags has been purchased for use in over 100 countries throughout the world as well as in airports and by airlines . Reactions to the gags range from `` inane '' to cross-culturally funny . The same distributors also distribute Surprise Sur Prise , a similar show . In March 2011 , Just for Laughs Gags entered into a partnership with Montreal-based , entertainment site , Videobash.com and now have their own devoted channel there . ( No video has been posted as of this writing . )", "title": "" } ]	fever
3b82cbc720ba302c3d0799d306103b60	George Washington lived.	[ { "docid": "d77fa9bbe889a76e8771bc12c1a1220d", "text": "George Washington George Washington ( -LSB- ˈdʒɔɹdʒ_ˈwɒʃɪŋtən -RSB- -- , 1799 ) was an American politician and soldier who served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 and was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States . He served as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War , and later presided over the 1787 convention that drafted the United States Constitution . He is popularly considered the driving force behind the nation 's establishment and came to be known as the `` father of the country , '' both during his lifetime and to this day . Washington was widely admired for his strong leadership qualities and was unanimously elected president by the Electoral College in the first two national elections . He oversaw the creation of a strong , well-financed national government that maintained neutrality in the French Revolutionary Wars , suppressed the Whiskey Rebellion , and won acceptance among Americans of all types . Washington 's incumbency established many precedents still in use today , such as the cabinet system , the inaugural address , and the title Mr. President . His retirement from office after two terms established a tradition that lasted until 1940 when Franklin Delano Roosevelt won an unprecedented third term . The 22nd Amendment ( 1951 ) now limits the president to two elected terms . He was born into the provincial gentry of Colonial Virginia to a family of wealthy planters who owned tobacco plantations and slaves , which he inherited . In his youth , he became a senior officer in the colonial militia during the first stages of the French and Indian War . In 1775 , the Second Continental Congress commissioned him as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army in the American Revolution . In that command , Washington forced the British out of Boston in 1776 but was defeated and nearly captured later that year when he lost New York City . After crossing the Delaware River in the middle of winter , he defeated the British in two battles ( Trenton and Princeton ) , retook New Jersey , and restored momentum to the Patriot cause . His strategy enabled Continental forces to capture two major British armies at Saratoga in 1777 and Yorktown in 1781 . Historians laud Washington for the selection and supervision of his generals ; preservation and command of the army ; coordination with the Congress , state governors , and their militia ; and attention to supplies , logistics , and training . In battle , however , Washington was repeatedly outmaneuvered by British generals with larger armies . After victory had been finalized in 1783 , Washington resigned as commander-in-chief rather than seize power , proving his opposition to dictatorship and his commitment to American republicanism . Washington presided over the Constitutional Convention in 1787 , which devised a new form of federal government for the United States . Following his election as president in 1789 , he worked to unify rival factions in the fledgling nation . He supported Alexander Hamilton 's programs to satisfy all debts , federal and state , established a permanent seat of government , implemented an effective tax system , and created a national bank . In avoiding war with Great Britain , he guaranteed a decade of peace and profitable trade by securing the Jay Treaty in 1795 , despite intense opposition from the Jeffersonians . He remained non-partisan , never joining the Federalist Party , although he largely supported its policies . Washington 's Farewell Address was an influential primer on civic virtue , warning against partisanship , sectionalism , and involvement in foreign wars . He retired from the presidency in 1797 , returning to his home and plantation at Mount Vernon . Upon his death , Washington was eulogized as `` first in war , first in peace , and first in the hearts of his countrymen '' by Representative Henry Lee III of Virginia . He was revered in life and in death ; scholarly and public polling consistently ranks him among the top three presidents in American history . He has been depicted and remembered in monuments , public works , currency , and other dedications to the present day .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0d06637850ab8e95a78ec8e718b12424", "text": "Eliot family (America) For the British noble family of St Germans , Cornwall , see Earl of St Germans The Eliot family is the American branch of one of several British families to hold this surname . This branch is based in Boston but originated in East Coker , Yeovil , Somerset . It is one of the Boston Brahmins , a bourgeois family , whose ancestors had become wealthy and held sway over the American education system . All are the descendants of two men named Andrew Eliot , father and son , who emigrated from East Coker to Beverly , Massachusetts between 1668 and 1670 . The elder Andrew ( 1627-March 1 , 1703/04 ) served the town and colony in a number of positions and in 1692 was chosen as a juror in the Salem witch trials . His son Andrew ( 1651-September 12 , 1688 ) married Mercy Shattuck in 1680 in Beverly and died by drowning after falling off a ship . The ranks include several college presidents , one Nobel prize winner , and presidents of American professional associations . Charles W. Eliot transformed Harvard from a college to a research institution , a model which many American universities have followed . William Greenleaf Eliot co-founded Washington University in St. Louis in 1853 and Thomas H. Eliot was chancellor of that institution from 1962-71 ; William Greenleaf Eliot 's son Thomas Lamb Eliot went further west and was a seminal figure in the founding of Reed College in Portland , Oregon in 1911 . The poet T. S. Eliot moved to England and his ashes were interred in East Coker , England . He wanted to be laid to rest in the original birthplace of his first American ancestor and other Eliot ancestors . Another branch of the American Eliot family descend from Rev. John Eliot of Roxbury , Massachusetts , known as the `` Apostle to the Indians . '' His son , John Eliot , Jr. , was the first pastor of the First Church of Christ in Newton . In turn , John Eliot Jr. 's son , Joseph Eliot , became a pastor in Guilford , Connecticut , and later fathered Jared Eliot , another pastor as well as agricultural writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "938eacee8d635344c3b737c811043f7c", "text": "George Washington and slavery George Washington , the first President of the United States , held people in slavery for virtually all of his life . His will provided for freeing the enslaved people he held upon the death of his widow Martha Washington . In January 1801 Martha freed her husband 's slaves , just over a year after his death . However , while she lived , Martha did not emancipate any of the people she held , because she held only the lifetime use of them . When she died , on May 22 , 1802 , at the age of 70 , all of those enslaved people went to the descendants of her first husband , Daniel Parke Custis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b8a2da7d2c76af7c1b05c8dc7c9e959", "text": "History of the United States The date of the start of the history of the United States is a subject of debate among historians . Older textbooks start with the arrival of Christopher Columbus on October 12 , 1492 and emphasize the European background of the colonization of the Americas , or they start around 1600 and emphasize the American frontier . In recent decades American schools and universities typically have shifted back in time to include more on the colonial period and much more on the prehistory of the Native Americans . Indigenous people lived in what is now the United States for thousands of years before European colonists began to arrive , mostly from England , after 1600 . The Spanish built small settlements in Florida and the Southwest , and the French along the Mississippi River and the Gulf Coast . By the 1770s , thirteen British colonies contained two and a half million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachian Mountains . After the end of the French and Indian Wars in the 1760s , the British government imposed a series of new taxes , rejecting the colonists ' argument that any new taxes had to be approved by them ( see Stamp Act 1765 ) . Tax resistance , especially the Boston Tea Party ( 1773 ) , led to punitive laws ( the Intolerable Acts ) by Parliament designed to end self-government in Massachusetts . American Patriots ( as they called themselves ) adhered to a political ideology called republicanism that emphasized civic duty , virtue , and opposition to corruption , fancy luxuries and aristocracy . Armed conflict began in 1775 as Patriots drove the royal officials out of every colony and assembled in mass meetings and conventions . In 1776 , the Second Continental Congress declared that there was a new , independent nation , the United States of America , not just a collection of disparate colonies . With large-scale military and financial support from France and the military leadership of General George Washington , the American Patriots won the Revolutionary War . The peace treaty of 1783 gave the new nation the land east of the Mississippi River ( except Florida and Canada ) . The central government established by the Articles of Confederation proved ineffectual at providing stability , as it had no authority to collect taxes and had no executive officer . Congress called a convention to meet secretly in Philadelphia in 1787 . It wrote a new Constitution , which was adopted in 1789 . In 1791 , a Bill of Rights was added to guarantee inalienable rights . With Washington as the first president and Alexander Hamilton his chief political and financial adviser , a strong central government was created . When Thomas Jefferson became president he purchased the Louisiana Territory from France , doubling the size of the United States . A second and final war with Britain was fought in 1812 . Encouraged by the notion of Manifest Destiny , federal territory expanded all the way to the Pacific . The U.S. always was large in terms of area , but its population was small , only 4 million in 1790 . Population growth was rapid , reaching 7.2 million in 1810 , 32 million in 1860 , 76 million in 1900 , 132 million in 1940 , and 321 million in 2015 . Economic growth in terms of overall GDP was even faster . However , compared to European powers , the nation 's military strength was relatively limited in peacetime before 1940 . The expansion was driven by a quest for inexpensive land for yeoman farmers and slave owners . The expansion of slavery was increasingly controversial and fueled political and constitutional battles , which were resolved by compromises . Slavery was abolished in all states north of the Mason -- Dixon line by 1804 , but the South continued to profit off the institution , producing high-value cotton exports to feed increasing high demand in Europe . The 1860 presidential election of Republican Abraham Lincoln was on a platform of ending the expansion of slavery and putting it on a path to extinction . Seven cotton-based deep South slave states seceded and later founded the Confederacy four months before Lincoln 's inauguration . No nation ever recognized the Confederacy , but it opened the war by attacking Fort Sumter in 1861 . A surge of nationalist outrage in the North fueled a long , intense American Civil War ( 1861 -- 1865 ) . It was fought largely in the South as the overwhelming material and manpower advantages of the North proved decisive in a long war . The war 's result was restoration of the Union , the impoverishment of the South , and the abolition of slavery . In the Reconstruction era ( 1863 -- 1877 ) , legal and voting rights were extended to the freed slave . The national government emerged much stronger , and because of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 , it gained the explicit duty to protect individual rights . However , when white Democrats regained their power in the South during the 1870s , often by paramilitary suppression of voting , they passed Jim Crow laws to maintain white supremacy , and new disfranchising constitutions that prevented most African Americans and many poor whites from voting , a situation that continued for decades until gains of the civil rights movement in the 1960s and passage of federal legislation to enforce constitutional rights . The United States became the world 's leading industrial power at the turn of the 20th century due to an outburst of entrepreneurship in the Northeast and Midwest and the arrival of millions of immigrant workers and farmers from Europe . The national railroad network was completed with the work of Chinese immigrants and large-scale mining and factories industrialized the Northeast and Midwest . Mass dissatisfaction with corruption , inefficiency and traditional politics stimulated the Progressive movement , from the 1890s to 1920s , which led to many social and political reforms . In 1920 , the 19th Amendment to the Constitution guaranteed women 's suffrage ( right to vote ) . This followed the 16th and 17th amendments in 1913 , which established the first national income tax and direct election of US senators to Congress . Initially neutral during World War I , the US declared war on Germany in 1917 and later funded the Allied victory the following year . After a prosperous decade in the 1920s , the Wall Street Crash of 1929 marked the onset of the decade-long worldwide Great Depression . Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt ended the Republican dominance of the White House and implemented his New Deal programs for relief , recovery , and reform . The New Deal , which defined modern American liberalism , included relief for the unemployed , support for farmers , Social Security and a minimum wage . After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , the United States entered World War II along with Britain , the Soviet Union , China , and the smaller number of Allied nations . The U.S. financed the Allied war effort and helped defeat Nazi Germany in the European theater . Its involvement culminated in using the newly invented nuclear weapons on Japanese cities that helped defeat Imperial Japan in the Pacific theater . The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as rival superpowers after World War II . During the Cold War , the US and the USSR confronted each other indirectly in the arms race , the Space Race , proxy wars , and propaganda campaigns . US foreign policy during the Cold War was built around the support of Western Europe and Japan along with the policy of containment , stopping the spread of communism . The US joined the wars in Korea and Vietnam to try to stop its spread . In the 1960s , in large part due to the strength of the civil rights movement , another wave of social reforms were enacted by enforcing the constitutional rights of voting and freedom of movement to African-Americans and other racial minorities . Native American activism also rose . The Cold War ended when the Soviet Union officially dissolved in 1991 , leaving the United States as the world 's only superpower . After the Cold War , the United States focused on international conflicts around the Middle East in response to the Gulf War in the early 1990s . The beginning of the 21st century saw the September 11 attacks by Al-Qaeda in 2001 , which would later followed by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan . In 2008 , the United States had its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression , which has been followed by slower than usual rates of economic growth during the 2010s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc8939f816bc6db3ab069fc2a1e28a8b", "text": "His Excellency: George Washington His Excellency : George Washington is a 2004 biography of the first President of the United States , General George Washington . It was written by Joseph Ellis , a professor of History at Mount Holyoke College , who specializes in the founding fathers and the revolutionary and federalist periods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26e4fb444764551f2e47df0d5b1ad7b9", "text": "Washington Irving Washington Irving ( April 3 , 1783 -- November 28 , 1859 ) was an American short story writer , essayist , biographer , historian , and diplomat of the early 19th century . He is best known for his short stories `` Rip Van Winkle '' ( 1819 ) and `` The Legend of Sleepy Hollow '' ( 1820 ) , both of which appear in his book The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon , Gent . His historical works include biographies of George Washington , Oliver Goldsmith , and Muhammad , and several histories of 15th-century Spain dealing with subjects such as Christopher Columbus , the Moors and the Alhambra . Irving served as the U.S. ambassador to Spain from 1842 to 1846 . He made his literary debut in 1802 with a series of observational letters to the Morning Chronicle , written under the pseudonym Jonathan Oldstyle . After moving to England for the family business in 1815 , he achieved international fame with the publication of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon , Gent . in 1819 -- 20 . He continued to publish regularly -- and almost always successfully -- throughout his life , and just eight months before his death ( at age 76 , in Tarrytown , New York ) , completed a five-volume biography of George Washington . Irving , along with James Fenimore Cooper , was among the first American writers to earn acclaim in Europe , and Irving encouraged American authors such as Nathaniel Hawthorne , Herman Melville , Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , and Edgar Allan Poe . Irving was also admired by some European writers , including Walter Scott , Lord Byron , Thomas Campbell , Francis Jeffrey , and Charles Dickens . As America 's first genuine internationally best-selling author , Irving advocated for writing as a legitimate profession and argued for stronger laws to protect American writers from copyright infringement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6669465a82a59a1f4d5b6b31a83ecdd3", "text": "Southeast, Washington, D.C. Southeast ( SE or S.E. ) is the southeastern quadrant of Washington , D.C. , the capital of the United States , and is located south of East Capitol Street and east of South Capitol Street . It includes the Capitol Hill and Anacostia neighborhoods , the Navy Yard , the Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling ( JBAB ) , the U.S. Marine Barracks , the Anacostia River waterfront , Eastern Market , the remains of several Civil War-era forts , historic St. Elizabeths Hospital , RFK Stadium , Nationals Park , and the Congressional Cemetery . It is also contains a landmark known as `` The Big Chair , '' located on Martin Luther King Avenue . The quadrant is bisected by the Anacostia River , with the portion that is west of the river sometimes referred to as `` Near Southeast '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "950093267944d01330a3ec06f05c318d", "text": "George Washington (Houdon) George Washington is a statue by French sculptor Jean-Antoine Houdon from the late 18th century . Based on a life mask and other measurements of George Washington taken by Houdon , it is considered one of the most accurate depictions of the subject . The original sculpture is located in the rotunda of the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond , Virginia , and has been copied extensively . The date given for the sculpture varies . It was commissioned by the Virginia General Assembly in 1784 , begun in 1785 , signed `` 1788 '' , completed in 1791 or 1792 , and delivered in 1796 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37acc67c8b45673ba866b4f0589702d3", "text": "Religious views of George Washington The religious views of George Washington have long been debated . While some of the Founding Fathers , such as Thomas Jefferson , Benjamin Franklin , and Patrick Henry were noted for writing about religion , Washington rarely discussed his religious and philosophical views . His personal letters and public speeches sometimes referred to `` Providence . '' He was a member of several churches which he attended , and served as an Anglican vestryman and warden for more than fifteen years when Virginia had an established church .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55f7c657aaea89db88a9c84e7dad65ea", "text": "George IV of the United Kingdom George IV ( George Augustus Frederick ; 12 August 1762 -- 26 June 1830 ) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover following the death of his father , George III , on 29 January 1820 , until his own death ten years later . From 1811 until his accession , he served as Prince Regent during his father 's final mental illness . George IV led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era . He was a patron of new forms of leisure , style and taste . He commissioned John Nash to build the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and remodel Buckingham Palace , and Sir Jeffry Wyattville to rebuild Windsor Castle . His charm and culture earned him the title `` the first gentleman of England '' , but his poor relationship with both his father and his wife , Caroline of Brunswick , and his dissolute way of life , earned him the contempt of the people and dimmed the prestige of the monarchy . He even forbade Caroline to attend his coronation and asked the government to introduce the unpopular Pains and Penalties Bill in a desperate , unsuccessful attempt to divorce her . For most of George 's regency and reign , Lord Liverpool controlled the government as Prime Minister , with little help from George . His ministers found his behaviour selfish , unreliable and irresponsible . At all times he was much under the influence of favourites . Taxpayers were angry at his wasteful spending at a time when Britons were fighting in the Napoleonic Wars . He did not provide national leadership in time of crisis , nor act as a role model for his people . Liverpool 's government presided over Britain 's ultimate victory , negotiated the peace settlement , and attempted to deal with the social and economic malaise that followed . After Liverpool 's retirement , George was forced to accept Catholic emancipation despite opposing it . His only child , Princess Charlotte , died before him in 1817 and so he was succeeded by his younger brother , William .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bd97d7cdf6368b308d867f85cd112e7", "text": "James D. Moffat James David Moffat was the 3rd president of Washington & Jefferson College . Moffat , a native of New Lisbon , Ohio , was born on March 15 , 1846 . He spent his youth in St. Clairsville , Ohio and Bellaire , Ohio before working as a teacher and a bookkeeper . He entered Jefferson College in 1865 and graduated from Washington & Jefferson College in 1869 . He studied at Princeton Theological Seminary from 1869-1871 . Following ordination in 1873 , he served as pastor in Wheeling , West Virginia . He received three Doctor of Laws degrees , one from the Western University of Pennsylvania in 1897 , another from University of Pennsylvania in 1901 , and another from the Missouri Valley College in 1906 . Moffat received two honorary Doctor of Divinity degrees , one from Hanover College in 1882 and one from the College of New Jersey in 1883 . He was elected the third president of Washington & Jefferson College on November 16 , 1881 . During his tenure , the college experienced a period of growth , including a threefold increase in the number of professors and new campus buildings . In 1884 , the college purchased the land known as the `` old fair ground , '' now used for Cameron Stadium , for the sum of $ 7,025 . The student body agreed to contribute one dollar each term to finance the purchase . The college built a new gymnasium ( now the Old Gym ) in 1893 ; Hays Hall was completed in 1903 ; Thompson Memorial Library opened in 1905 ; and Thistle Physics Building was completed in 1912 . In 1893 , the campus installed an electric lighting system . In 1892 , the Board of Trustees granted a request from the senior class that they be graduated in cap and gown , establishing that tradition at W&J for all future commencements . Moffat personally paid for the 1912 renovations of McMillan Hall . He resigned on January 1 , 1915 after 33 years of service , citing his age of 68 years and the responsibilities of his office as factors in his retirement . At that time , he was one of the oldest college presidents in continuous service in the country , and his salary of $ 7,100 made him one of the highest paid presidents in the country . He died in his home in Washington , Pennsylvania on November 4 , 1916 after a short illness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81eaa9c4a3cb3fa98a21372dd1c83f64", "text": "Fort Lee Historic Park Fort Lee Historic Park is located atop a bluff of the Hudson Palisades overlooking Burdett 's Landing , known as Mount Constitution , in Fort Lee , New Jersey . Native Americans appear to have lived in the area for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans . Site of George Washington 's 1776 encampment opposite Fort Washington at the northern end of Manhattan . Fort Lee is named for General Charles Lee . The site is a reconstruction of the encampment including the blockhouse , battery , quarters as well as a visitors center . It is adjacent to Palisades Interstate Park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a773d5af54270d367056ca84758e7fe", "text": "Blakeley (West Virginia) Blakeley , near Charles Town , West Virginia is also known as the Washington - Chew - Funkhouser House , and was built in 1820 by John Augustine Washington II , great-nephew of George Washington and son of John Augustine Washington . It is a contemporary of its neighbor , Claymont Court , built across Bullskin Run by John 's brother , Bushrod Corbin Washington . John Washington did not attempt to match the grandeur of Claymont Court , as he was in line to inherit Mount Vernon , and did so in 1829 . Upon John 's death at Mount Vernon in 1832 , his son , Richard Blackburn Washington , inherited Blakeley . In 1844 Richard married his cousin , Christian Washington of Harewood . In 1859 , Richard was part of the posse that pursued John Brown 's Raiders . After the death of Richard 's brother John Augustine Washington III in 1861 while fighting for the Confederacy , John 's eight orphaned children came to live at Blakeley , joining Richard and Christian Washington 's seven . In 1864 Blakeley was extensively damaged by fire , but was rebuilt by Richard . In 1875 Richard was forced to sell Blakeley and moved with his family to Harewood . The house was purchased by Louise Fontaine Washington Chew , the niece of Richard B. Washington . Chew 's husband , Colonel R. Preston Chew was a local businessman , the president of the Charles Town Mining , Manufacturing and Improvement Company . The house was then sold in 1892 to John Burns , a local farmer and community leader . Blakeley was purchased in 1943 by industrialist Raymond J. Funkhouser , who undertook its restoration . Funkhouser had also purchased Claymont Court , which he used as his residence . It was Funkhouser who , feeling that a Washington house should be more grand , and wishing to complement Claymont Court , added the two-story portico . The interior was more carefully renovated , and in keeping with the historical record .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c818474f322d6e3382ebcb30924a3d9", "text": "3rd United States Congress The Third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government , consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives . It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia Pennsylvania from March 4 , 1793 to March 4 , 1795 , during the fifth and sixth years of George Washington 's Presidency . The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was governed by the Apportionment Act of 1792 and based on the 1790 Census . The Senate had a Pro-Administration majority , and the House had an Anti-Administration majority .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be0dc29f992fa7fb15113fa19eaaed4d", "text": "America's Critical Period The term America 's Critical Period , popularized by John Fiske in 1888 with his book The Critical Period of American History , refers to the period of United States history in the 1780s , right after the American Revolution , where the future of the newly formed nation was in the balance . More specifically , the `` Critical Period '' refers to the period of time following the end of the American Revolutionary War in 1783 to the inauguration of George Washington as President in 1789 . The phrase was first used to describe this era ( unbeknownst to Fiske ) by William Henry Trescot in his 1857 book The Diplomatic History of the Administrations of Washington and Adams . During the 1780s , the loose confederation of states was beset with a wide array of foreign and domestic problems . Some historians believe it was a bleak , terrible time for Americans , while others such as Merrill Jensen believe the term `` Critical Period '' is exaggerated , and that , while the decade a time of dispute and change , they were also a time of economic growth and political maturation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d073e05ddb47d0b8894a25483a1c70b", "text": "Theodosia Bartow Prevost Theodosia Bartow Prevost ( November 1746 -- May 28 , 1794 ) , also known as Theodosia Bartow Burr , was an American patriot . Raised by a single mother , she married a British Army officer at seventeen . After the American Revolution began , her own Patriot leanings led her to offer the use of her house , the Hermitage , as a meeting - and resting-place for revolutionaries , including Alexander Hamilton , the Marquis de Lafayette , and Aaron Burr : it was briefly used as the headquarters of George Washington , who counted her amongst his friends . Burr 's visit to the Hermitage began a secret romance that , following the death of Prevost 's first husband , led to marriage . The couple moved to New York City due to Burr 's legal practice , and she acted as a crucial ally and confidante as he began his political career . She was known for her wit , unusually deep education and intellectual acuity ; her partnership with Aaron Burr , her second husband , was responsible for much of his success due to her keen observational skills and adept handling of people , and her death in 1794 left him without `` his best ally in the political wars to come '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d49f667818a2fe3f33c11960eb4d006", "text": "Brattle Street (Cambridge, Massachusetts) Brattle Street in Cambridge , Massachusetts , called the `` King 's Highway '' or `` Tory Row '' before the American Revolutionary War , is the site of many buildings of historic interest , including the modernist glass-and-concrete building that housed the Design Research store , and a Georgian mansion where George Washington and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow both lived ( though at different times . ) Samuel Atkins Eliot , writing in 1913 about the seven Colonial mansions of Brattle Street 's `` Tory Row , '' called the area `` not only one of the most beautiful but also one of the most historic streets in America . '' `` As a fashionable address it is doubtful if any other residential street in this country has enjoyed such long and uninterrupted prestige . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "639eb14f1dd07dd655aec88accf22984", "text": "The Washington, Jefferson & Madison Institute The Washington , Jefferson & Madison Institute is a non-profit Virginia corporation based in Charlottesville , Virginia , founded by J. David Gowdy . The Institute 's charter is `` To Perpetuate the Study of the Teachings and Examples of the Founders of the Republic '' and its mission is to `` To instill within educators and students of the rising generation a greater understanding of and appreciation for the Founding Fathers and the Founding Documents of the United States of America . '' Its maxims are `` Virtue , Liberty & Knowledge . '' The Washington , Jefferson & Madison Institute holds seminars for secondary school teachers who teach U.S. Government , Civics , and U.S. History , and civic groups . Seminars are held at Prospect Hill . In 2012 , Tony Williams was hired as program director of the Institute . Mr. Williams , who resides in Williamsburg , Virginia , is a teacher and the author of four books on the American Founding , including `` America 's Beginnings : The Dramatic Events that Shaped a Nation 's Character '' ( Rowman & Littlefield , 2010 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f0656e44b3207e40625750f1af7ebfb", "text": "George Washington in the French and Indian War George Washington ( February 22 , 1732 -- December 14 , 1799 ) commanded the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War ( 1775 -- 1783 ) , and was the first President of the United States , serving from 1789 to 1797 . Because of his central role in the founding of the United States , Washington is often called the `` Father of his Country '' . His devotion to republicanism and civic virtue made him an exemplary figure among early American politicians . Washington 's military experience began in the French and Indian War with a commission as a major in the militia of the British Province of Virginia . In 1753 Washington was sent as an ambassador from the British crown to the French officials and Indians as far north as present-day Erie , Pennsylvania . The following year he led another expedition to the area to assist in the construction of a fort at present-day Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . Before reaching that point , he and some of his men , accompanied by Indian allies , ambushed a French scouting party . Its leader was killed , although the exact circumstances of his death were disputed . This peacetime act of aggression is seen as one of the first military steps leading to the global Seven Years ' War . The French responded by attacking fortifications Washington erected following the ambush , forcing his surrender . Released on parole , Washington and his troops returned to Virginia . In 1755 he participated as a volunteer aide in the ill-fated expedition of General Edward Braddock , where he distinguished himself in the retreat following the climactic Battle of Monongahela . He served from 1755 until 1758 as colonel and commander of the Virginia Regiment , directing the provincial defenses against French and Indian raids and building the regiment into one of the best-trained provincial militias of the time . He led the regiment as part of the 1758 expedition of General John Forbes that successfully drove the French from Fort Duquesne , during which he and some of his companies were involved in a friendly fire incident . Unable to get a commission in the British Army , Washington then resigned from the provincial militia , married , and took up the life of a Virginia plantation owner . Washington gained valuable military skills during the war , acquiring tactical , strategic , and logistical military experience . He also acquired important political skills in his dealings with the British military establishment and the provincial government . His military exploits , although they included some notable failures , made his military reputation in the colonies such that he became a natural selection as the commander in chief of the Continental Army following the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in 1775 . His successes in military and political spheres during that conflict led to his election as the first President of the United States of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d21771598f5f442da77c5c3d6ca61289", "text": "William Colfax William Colfax was a revolutionary war figure who served as Captain of George Washington 's Life Guard beginning on March 18 , 1778 . William was the fifth child born to George Colfax ( born : December 25 , 1727 ) and Lucy Avery ( married April 13 , 1749 ) , who had a total of ten children . Colfax was about 5 ' -10 '' tall and weighed about 190-200 lbs . He had blue eyes , dark hair , and was clean shaven . His hair was powdered and worn in a cue , tied with a black ribbon , till his later years . He was married to Hester Schuyler , cousin of Philip Schuyler , of Pompton on August 27 , 1783 , together they had six children . Together they lived in Hester 's inherited Schuyler-Colfax House in Wayne , New Jersey , which today is a museum . Their grandson was Schuyler Colfax , the 17th Vice President of the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cfcc0dc74b6c48504e71b377dce1e14", "text": "A Summary View of the Rights of British America A Summary View of the Rights of British America was a tract written by Thomas Jefferson in 1774 , before the U.S. Declaration of Independence , in which he laid out for delegates to the First Continental Congress a set of grievances against King George III , especially against the King 's and Parliament 's response to the Boston Tea Party . Jefferson declares that the British Parliament did not have the right to govern the Thirteen Colonies . He argues that since the individual colonies were founded they were independent of British rule . Jefferson , in this work , held that allodial title , not feudal title , was held to American lands , and thus the people did not owe fees and rents for that land to the British crown . The work was presented to , and debated by , the First Continental Congress . When this took place , Jefferson did not attend . Despite his attempts , Congress agreed to a more moderate decision than Jefferson 's proposed concept . Despite not being able to completely convince Congress , friends of Jefferson printed the Summary in a pamphlet form . It was distributed throughout London , New York and Philadelphia . Research states that the document `` helped establish Jefferson 's reputation as a skillful , if radical , political writer . ''", "title": "" } ]	fever
9846fffaaf7fcf1b038886d8ee4c8809	Marilyn Monroe acts professionally.	[ { "docid": "1965196fdb5443dc449231ab2bbedb78", "text": "Marilyn Monroe Marilyn Monroe ( born Norma Jeane Mortenson ; June 1 , 1926 -- August 5 , 1962 ) was an American actress and model . Famous for playing comic `` dumb blonde '' characters , she became one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s , emblematic of the era 's attitudes towards sexuality . Although she was a top-billed actress for only a decade , her films grossed $ 200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962 . She continues to be considered a major popular culture icon . Born and raised in Los Angeles , Monroe spent most of her childhood in foster homes and an orphanage and married at the age of sixteen . While working in a factory in 1944 as part of the war effort , she was introduced to a photographer from the First Motion Picture Unit and began a successful pin-up modeling career . The work led to short-lived film contracts with Twentieth Century-Fox ( 1946 -- 1947 ) and Columbia Pictures ( 1948 ) . After a series of minor film roles , she signed a new contract with Fox in 1951 . Over the next two years , she became a popular actress with roles in several comedies , including As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business , and in the dramas Clash by Night and Do n't Bother to Knock . Monroe faced a scandal when it was revealed that she had posed for nude photos before becoming a star , but rather than damaging her career , the story resulted in increased interest in her films . By 1953 , Monroe was one of the most marketable Hollywood stars , with leading roles in three films : the noir Niagara , which focused on her sex appeal , and the comedies Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How to Marry a Millionaire , which established her star image as a `` dumb blonde '' . Although she played a significant role in the creation and management of her public image throughout her career , she was disappointed at being typecast and underpaid by the studio . She was briefly suspended in early 1954 for refusing a film project , but returned to star in one of the biggest box office successes of her career , The Seven Year Itch ( 1955 ) . When the studio was still reluctant to change her contract , Monroe founded a film production company in late 1954 ; she named it Marilyn Monroe Productions ( MMP ) . She dedicated 1955 to building her company and began studying method acting at the Actors Studio . In late 1955 , Fox awarded her a new contract , which gave her more control and a larger salary . After a critically acclaimed performance in Bus Stop ( 1956 ) and acting in the first independent production of MMP , The Prince and the Showgirl ( 1957 ) , she won a Golden Globe for Best Actress for Some Like It Hot ( 1959 ) . Her last completed film was the drama The Misfits ( 1961 ) . Monroe 's troubled private life received much attention . She struggled with substance abuse , depression , and anxiety . She had two highly publicized marriages , to retired baseball star Joe DiMaggio and playwright Arthur Miller , both of which ended in divorce . On August 5 , 1962 , she died at age 36 from an overdose of barbiturates at her home in Los Angeles . Although Monroe 's death was ruled a probable suicide , several conspiracy theories have been proposed in the decades following her death .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6a69a9db544dfebd1ceab0575d8154cf", "text": "Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to . Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified . The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7744022af153ff01626ba2f717e88340", "text": "Love Nest Love Nest is a 1951 American comedy-drama film directed by Joseph Newman and starring June Haver , William Lundigan , Frank Fay , Marilyn Monroe , and Jack Paar . The post-World War II comedy features an early supporting role for Monroe . It is one of the few films Paar made prior to his television career , and the last film appearance by Fay , who had been a popular stage comedian in 1920s and revived his career starring in the long-running Broadway comedy Harvey . It was also the last appearance by silent star Leatrice Joy . The film borrows its name from the popular old song Love Nest with music by Louis Hirsch and lyrics by Otto A. Harbach . The song is sung by a chorus over the opening credits and was used as a theme song for The Burns and Allen Show on both radio and TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5034a6f9e7bc9dde828eed076e222bb", "text": "Marilyn Manson discography American industrial metal band Marilyn Manson has released nine studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two EPs , twenty-four singles , nine promo singles , five DVDs , and thirty-four music videos . After forming in 1989 and signing a contract with Nothing Records and Interscope in 1993 , the band released their first studio album , Portrait of an American Family ( 1994 ) . Although initially not a commercial success , the album would eventually be certified gold by the RIAA for shipments in excess of 500,000 copies . Spurred by their hit single -- a version of the Eurythmics 's `` Sweet Dreams ( Are Made of This ) '' -- the band 's first EP , Smells Like Children ( 1995 ) , became a commercial success , selling over a million copies in the US alone . In 1996 , the band released their second studio album , Antichrist Superstar , which reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and has sold over 1.9 million copies in the US . The album went on to sell over 7 million copies worldwide , and was supported by the release of 1997 's Remix & Repent EP . Their third studio album , Mechanical Animals ( 1998 ) , was a commercial and critical success , reaching No. 1 on the Billboard 200 , as well topping the charts in as Australia and Canada . Mechanical Animals was later followed by their first live album , The Last Tour on Earth ( 1999 ) , which included the promotional single `` Astonishing Panorama of the Endtimes '' . In 2000 , the band released Holy Wood ( In the Shadow of the Valley of Death ) , which managed to sell more than 9 million copies worldwide . Their fifth studio album , The Golden Age of Grotesque ( 2003 ) , was a modest commercial success in their native US , debuting at No. 1 with sales of 118,000 copies . As of November 2008 , the album has sold 526,000 copies in the US . In contrast , the album was , by far , Manson 's most successful internationally , peaking within the top five in most of the major European markets . Their sixth album , Eat Me , Drink Me , was released in 2007 and debuted at No. 8 on the Billboard 200 . The High End of Low ( 2009 ) , reached No. 4 on both the US and Canadian album charts , but was their last album released by Interscope . After signing a deal with Cooking Vinyl , the band released Born Villain in 2012 . Their ninth studio album , The Pale Emperor , was released on January 20 , 2015 , debuting at No. 8 in the US with their highest first week sales since Eat Me , Drink Me in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f295e500da1e1332a04f4abb78e54c0", "text": "Forever Marilyn Forever Marilyn is a giant statue of Marilyn Monroe designed by Seward Johnson . The statue is a representation of one of the most famous images of Monroe , taken from the 1955 film The Seven Year Itch . Created in July 2011 , the statue has been displayed in a variety of locations in the United States as well as in Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51deea949c56de4e5123f231e7f8961f", "text": "Marilyn Joi Marilyn Joi ( born May 22 , 1945 ) is an American actress who appeared in a number of exploitation films during the 1970s . She starred in several films by Al Adamson including The Naughty Stewardesses ( 1974 ) , Blazing Stewardesses ( 1975 ) and Black Samurai ( 1977 ) , and played the henchwoman Velvet in Ilsa , Harem Keeper of the Oil Sheiks ( 1976 ) , and Cleopatra Schwartz in The Kentucky Fried Movie ( 1977 ) . Among her other film credits were roles in Hit Man ( 1972 ) , Mean Mother ( 1974 ) , The Candy Tangerine Man ( 1975 ) , Mansion of the Doomed ( 1976 ) , The Happy Hooker Goes to Washington ( 1977 ) , Nurse Sherri ( 1978 ) and Galaxina ( 1980 ) . She was often credited as Tracy King , Tracy Ann King and T.A. King .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "915b766de28133a6982b7d2d3f4d137f", "text": "The Prince and the Showgirl The Prince and the Showgirl ( originally called The Sleeping Prince ) is a 1957 British-American romantic comedy film starring Marilyn Monroe and Laurence Olivier . Olivier also served as director and producer . The screenplay by Terence Rattigan was based on his 1953 stage play The Sleeping Prince . It was filmed in London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51e14fc1a7339b2f84689bbf2b34689b", "text": "Four Seasons of Love Four Seasons of Love is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Donna Summer . Released on October 11 , 1976 , this concept album became her third consecutive successful album to be certified gold in the US . It peaked at # 29 on the Billboard 200 . In addition , all the cuts on this album went to number one on the disco chart . This was the third concept album Summer had made , though unlike the previous two which had contained one long track on side one and a small selection of slightly shorter ones on side two , Four Seasons Of Love was more equally balanced . The album told the story of a love affair by relating it to the four seasons . Side One contained `` Spring Affair '' and `` Summer Fever '' , both disco tracks , and Side Two contained `` Autumn Changes '' ( a slightly slower disco number ) and `` Winter Melody '' ( which had an even slower beat ) , plus a reprise of `` Spring Affair '' . This concept was reflected in the four photos of Summer , one for each season of the year , in a pull-out 1977 calendar included with the original LP album . The photo on the cover was , fittingly , the Summer photograph . Summer 's `` first lady of love '' image came across strongly on this album , though her trademark moans and groans were slightly less evident than on previous work . Pics included `` Winter '' in a fur with a tear on her cheek ; `` Spring '' in a Scarlett O'Hara style hoop skirt on a swing ; and `` Autumn '' re-enacting Marilyn Monroe 's famous scene from The Seven Year Itch with the billowing white dress over the subway grate - an allusion to her song `` Love to Love You Baby '' , which she has been quoted as using Monroe for inspiration on her recording of it . As with the previous two albums , Four Seasons of Love was distributed by different record labels in different countries , including Casablanca Records in the U.S. Edited versions of `` Spring Affair '' and `` Winter Melody '' were released in various places , but neither had a big impact on any charts ( although the latter made the Top 30 on the UK singles chart ) . The album was also released as a Club Special Edition / Club Sonderauflage in West Germany on the Atlantic Records Label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f22503fbe57837e57b394b3f6faaa2f", "text": "Buddy Adler E. Maurice `` Buddy '' Adler ( June 22 , 1909 -- July 12 , 1960 ) was an American film producer and a former production head for 20th Century Fox studios . Born in New York City , New York , he married actress Anita Louise Fremault ( 1915 -- 1970 ) in 1940 . They had two children together . In 1954 , his production of From Here to Eternity won the Academy Award for Best Picture and in 1956 , his Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing was nominated for best picture . Adler also produced the 1956 film Bus Stop , starring Marilyn Monroe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "418253513a117f7e21f5fb36fb53441c", "text": "Adult movie theater An adult movie theatre is a euphemistic term for a movie theatre designed only for the exhibition of pornographic films . Adult movie theatres show pornographic films primarily for either a respectively heterosexual or homosexual audience . For the patrons , rules are generally less strict regarding partial - or full-nudity and public masturbation or sex , and such behavior may be condoned explicitly or otherwise by the management . Such behavior may or may not be legal , and if not , may or may not be overlooked by local law enforcement . Certain theaters may also include a stripshow or sex show between films , or other sex industry services . Before the VCR and , later , the internet , a movie theatre or cinema house was often the only location where people could see hard-core erotic films . The spread of home videos has led to a drastic reduction in the number of adult theatres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79c405d5aade0eba03ba0f39ce004560", "text": "Superstar Superstar is a term used to refer to some one who has great popular appeal and is widely known , prominent , or successful in some field . Celebrities referred to as `` superstars '' may include individuals who work as actors , actresses , musicians , athletes , and other media-based professions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9815e19cc4745d4e084a88a89f6d417e", "text": "Marilyn (1963 film) Marilyn is a 1963 documentary film based on the life of the 1950s sex symbol Marilyn Monroe . The film , directed by Harold Medford , was released by 20th Century Fox , and was narrated by Rock Hudson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c60290a8001056d6eafb9859044f8070", "text": "Marilyn McCoo Marilyn McCoo ( born September 30 , 1943 ) is an American singer , actress , and television presenter , who is best known for being the lead female vocalist in the group The 5th Dimension , as well as hosting the 1980s music countdown series Solid Gold . Since 1969 , she has been married to singer Billy Davis , Jr. , the founder and co-member of the 5th Dimension . McCoo has a four-octave vocal range .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18ce5def371c836f547cb51965b1385c", "text": "Marilyn McLeod Marilyn McLeod ( born 1939 ) is an American songwriter and singer . She was born in Detroit , into a musical family -- her half-brother Ernie Farrow became a noted jazz performer , and her sister Alice married John Coltrane and recorded many albums as a jazz keyboard player and harpist . Marilyn McLeod began working as a songwriter for the Jobete publishing company at Motown in 1968 . She wrote songs with Johnny Bristol before being teamed with lyricist Pam Sawyer , and the pair co-wrote Diana Ross 's 1976 hit `` Love Hangover '' , and the High Inergy hit `` You Ca n't Turn Me Off ( in the Middle of Turning Me On ) '' the following year . In 1982 , she co-wrote Jermaine Jackson 's hit with Devo , `` Let Me Tickle Your Fancy '' , written with Sawyer , Jermaine Jackson , and Paul Jackson , Jr. . As a recording artist , she released some singles under her own name , and fronted the group Pure Magic . McLeod left Motown in 1985 , and , in the early 1990s , co-wrote several songs for Northern Soul DJ Ian Levine and his Motown revival label Motorcity Records . In 2010 she released the album I Believe In Me , a set of songs co-written with veteran Motown songwriter Janie Bradford . Her grandson is the musician , producer and rapper Flying Lotus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "febe3a584d250537fad84f516042992d", "text": "It Started in Naples It Started in Naples is an American romantic comedy film made by Paramount Pictures and released in August 1960 . It was directed by Melville Shavelson and produced by Jack Rose from a screenplay by Suso Cecchi d'Amico based on the story by Michael Pertwee and Jack Davies . The Technicolor cinematography was by Robert Surtees . The film stars Clark Gable , Sophia Loren , Vittorio De Sica and an Italian cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10595d7ce64cb52eb4152d90cc6680bb", "text": "Screenland Screenland was a monthly U.S. magazine about movies , published between September 1920 and June 1971 , when it merged with Silver Screen . In the September 1952 issue , the name changed to Screenland plus TV-Land . In was established in Los Angeles , California , with Myron Zobel as the editor in 1922 . Frederick James Smith became the editor in 1923 when it moved to Cooperstown , New York . One magazine-collector site credits , without attribution , one Paul Hunter , `` with rescuing Screenland magazine for John Cuneo back in 1932 . '' In October 1952 , Ned Pines ' Standard Magazines , an imprint of Pines Publications , purchased Silver Screen and Screenland from the Henry Publishing company . Pines announced in June 1954 that he was suspending publication with the August 1954 issue , citing production and distribution costs . The magazine continued publication through 1971 , however . In 1923 the magazine reported a love affair between Evelyn Brent and Douglas Fairbanks , resulting in legal threats , and a retraction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59b206e62cb9190027f5135056804454", "text": "Professional performances Professional performances , as opposed to amateur performances , are those in which performers receive payment for their performances . Professional performances are engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work . A professional actor is someone who derives income by participating in professional performances . A professional theatre company auditions actors to perform in their professional theatre . The company sells tickets ; actors receive payment for their performances . This is the same for musicians , dancers , comedians . Also see : professional sports . A professional performer is a person in a profession that requires certain types of skilled work requiring formal training or education . In western nations , such as the United States , the term commonly describes highly educated , salaried workers , who enjoy considerable work autonomy , economic security , a comfortable salary , and are commonly engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work . A professional athlete is someone who derives income by participating in competitive sports . Sometimes also called `` commercial grade '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "610ad039bb8ef92dcf40c23041d29529", "text": "Movietone Records Movietone Records was a budget records subsidiary of 20th Century Fox 's record division , which issued 29 albums starting in 1965 and ending in 1967 . Most or all of these were reissues of albums that had appeared earlier on the 20th Century Fox label . Artists featured on these albums included Shirley Temple , Al Martino , Lena Horne , Art Tatum , Marilyn Monroe , and Sylvia Sims . The name `` Movietone '' had been used by Fox Film Corporation since 1926 , when it was coined by William Fox to name the process he had bought for putting sound on film for `` talkies '' . By the time the 1965 incarnation of the record label came along , Fox had issued some 78s on the Fox Movietone label decades earlier , but these were not commercial issues , as far as is known . `` Movietone '' was also the name Fox gave to its TV and newsreel coverage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2671059c91703008fccf98e440e5f8f", "text": "Thomas Monroe (writer) Thomas Monroe ( September 26 , 1902-April 24 , 1960 ) was an American screenwriter who was nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "988cfc0770d4791b0d1b005ca675c371", "text": "Louis Elliman Louis Elliman ( 1906 -- 1965 ) , was an Irish impresario and theatre manager . Elliman was born in Dublin , a son of Maurice Elliman , who had fled from Tsarist persecution in Russia . He was educated at Synge Street CBS . His father became involved in cinema by establishing the Theatre De Luxe in Camden St. in 1912 . After university Louis started work at a pharmacy but after a few years gave that up to become a film agent in London . In the meantime Maurice acquired Dublin 's Gaiety Theatre , which was passed on to Louis . In the early 1930s , Louis Elliman sold a 50 % share in the Gaiety to entrepreneur Patrick Wall , a Clare man . The pair also owned the Metropole and the Savoy cinemas . Along with Patrick Wall , Elliman acquired the Theatre Royal , Dublin in 1936 . With the outbreak of the Second World War , Wall and Elliman were forced to keep the two theatres going with native talent only . This led to the emergence of a raft of Irish acts who were to provide the mainstay of the Royal 's output for the remainder of its existence . These included such Irish household names as Jimmy O'Dea , Harry O'Donovan , Maureen Potter , Danny Cummins , Mike Nolan , Alice Dalgarno , Noel Purcell , Micheál MacLiammoir , Cecil Sheridan , Jack Cruise , Paddy Crosbie and Patricia Cahill . In July 1951 Judy Garland appeared for a series of sold out performances at the Royal and was received with tremendous ovations . The legendary singer sang from her dressing room window to hundreds of people who were unable to get tickets and critics dubbed her `` America 's Colleen '' Popular Irish American entertainer Carmel Quinn also made her singing debut in the Theatre Royal during the early 1950s . After a spell acquiring cinemas around the country , which were taken over by the Rank Organization , Louis went into film production . In 1957 he opened Ardmore Studios . With managing director Emmet Dalton he travelled to the US to promote the studios and to acquire foreign investment . The studios accordingly landed its first major foreign booking with 1959 's Shake Hands with the Devil , starring Oscar winner James Cagney and Dana Wynter . A year later progress was consolidated when Robert Mitchum appeared in Tay Garnett 's `` A Terrible Beauty '' . In 1961 , Ardmore Studios hosted the controversial `` The Mark '' , directed by Guy Green , which was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival and earned its star , Stuart Whitman , an Oscar nomination . Other films produced at this time include Don Chaffey 's The Webster Boys and `` Johnny Nobody '' with Cyril Cusack . Hammer Films also utilised the studios as a base for their production , The Viking Queen . The studios went into receivership in 1963 but re-opened later . Under pressure from rising overheads and the increasing popularity of the cinema and the introduction of television , the Theatre Royal closed its doors on 30 June 1962 . By this time Louis was dogged by bad health and died in 1965 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f25deccd14a57ae02accf40d6d9a8c79	Cyndi Lauper released the song "Girls Just Want to Have Fun" in 1987.	[ { "docid": "16b6b48cc740e63b7fc48ca0991976ce", "text": "Cyndi Lauper Cynthia Ann Stephanie `` Cyndi '' Lauper ( born June 22 , 1953 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress and LGBTQ activist . Her career has spanned over 30 years . Her debut solo album She 's So Unusual ( 1983 ) was the first debut female album to chart four top-five hits on the Billboard Hot 100 -- `` Girls Just Want to Have Fun '' , `` Time After Time '' , `` She Bop '' , and `` All Through the Night '' -- and earned Lauper the Best New Artist award at the 27th Grammy Awards in 1985 . Her success continued with the soundtrack for the motion picture The Goonies and her second record True Colors ( 1986 ) . This album included the number one single `` True Colors '' and `` Change of Heart '' , which peaked at number 3 . Since 1989 , Lauper has released nine studio albums and participated in many other projects . In 2010 , Memphis Blues , became Billboard 's most successful blues album of the year , remaining at # 1 on the Billboard Blues Albums chart for 13 consecutive weeks . In 2013 , Lauper won the Tony Award for Best Original Score for composing the Broadway musical Kinky Boots , making her the first woman to win the category by herself . The musical was awarded five other Tonys including Tony Award for Best New Musical . In 2014 , Lauper was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album for the cast recording . In 2016 , the West End production won Best New Musical at the Olivier Awards Lauper has established herself as a pop culture icon selling over 50 million records and 20 million singles . She has won awards at the Grammys , Emmys , Tonys , the New York 's Outer Critics Circle , MTV Video Music Awards ( VMAs ) , Billboard Awards , and American Music Awards ( AMAs ) . An inductee into both the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Hollywood Walk of Fame , Lauper is one of the few singers to win three of the four major American entertainment awards ( EGOT ) . Lauper won the inaugural Best Female Video prize at the 1984 VMAs for Girls Just Want To Have Fun . This music video is recognized by MTV , VH1 and Rolling Stone Magazine as one of the greatest ever music videos of the era . She is featured in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum 's Women Who Rock exhibit . Her debut album is included in Rolling Stone '' 's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time , while Time After Time is included in Vh1 's list of the 100 Best Songs of the Past 25 years . VH1 has ranked Lauper No. 58 of the 100 Greatest Women of Rock & Roll '' . Lauper has been celebrated for her humanitarian work , particularly as an advocate for LGBT rights in the United States . Her charitable efforts were acknowledged in 2013 when the singer was invited as a special guest to attend US President Barack Obama 's second-term inaugural .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3f574c664230d19e10ca9a70ca2d14b", "text": "Girls Just Want to Have Fun `` Girls Just Want to Have Fun '' is a song written by and first recorded in 1979 by American musician Robert Hazard . However , it is better known as a single by American singer Cyndi Lauper , whose version was released in 1983 . It was the first major single released by Lauper as a solo artist and the lead-off single from her debut studio album She 's So Unusual ( 1983 ) . Lauper 's version gained recognition as a feminist anthem and was promoted by a Grammy-winning music video . It has been covered on either an album or in live concert by over 30 other artists . The single was Lauper 's breakthrough hit , reaching number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and becoming a worldwide hit throughout late 1983 and early 1984 . It remains one of Lauper 's signature songs and was a widely popular song during the era of its release , the 1980s . The `` Rolling Stone & MTV : ' 100 Greatest Pop Songs ' : 1-50 '' , `` Rolling Stone : `` The 100 Top Music Videos '' '' and the `` VH1 : 100 Greatest Videos '' lists ranked the song at No. 22 , No. 39 and No. 45 , respectively . The song received Grammy Award nominations for Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance . In 2013 , the song was remixed by Yolanda Be Cool , taken from the 30th anniversary reissue of the album She 's So Unusual . The song is featured in the 2012 video game Sleeping Dogs , as part of the karaoke tracks .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "29bcb066cdd7e58baecfb1359bed6b32", "text": "Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1987 Finlan -RSB- was present at the Eurovision Song Contest 1987 , held in Brussels , Belgium . The Finnish national final to select their entry was held on 21 February at the Yle 's Studios in Helsinki . Hosting the final were two previous Finnish Eurovision entrants , Laila Halme and Lasse Mårtenson . For the first time in three years , a national postcard poll decided the winner . The winning entry was `` Sata salamaa , '' performed by Virve Rosti and composed by Petri Laaksonen and Veli-Pekka Lehto .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6dbe5556b878801f4f4f4377ded6d14", "text": "B-Girls (band) The B-Girls were a Toronto punk rock band from the first wave of punk in the late 1970s and early 1980s . The B-Girls formed in 1977 with an all-girl line-up with Lucasta Ross ( A.K.A. Rochas ) on vocals , Renee Chetsky ( guitar ) , Xenia Holiday ( guitar ) , Cynthia Ross ( bass ) and Rhonda Ross on drums . who would later be replaced by Marcy Saddy who had briefly played with the Demics . The band had a sound that was closer to that of a 1960s Mersey Beat band than the usual loud and fast punk sound of the era which was also shown in their fashions which included go-go boots , tight leggings and matching sweaters . The band gigged heavily locally with bands like Teenage Head , The Viletones and The Poles as well as opening for The Clash and The Undertones at an infamous Massey Hall gig where a riot broke out . After getting much press attention they relocated to New Yok where they would play with Blondie , The B52 's , The Romantics , Levi and The Rockats , Niki and The Korvettes , Richard Hell , Lee Dorsey , The Cramps , Joey Ramone , Joan Jett , Johnny Thunders , The Dead Boys and even Allen Ginsberg . Cynthia Ross would become engaged for a time to Dead Boys singer Stiv Bators . In 1979 Greg Shaw , owner of Bomp ! Records signed them and recordings were made produced by Bob Segarini resulting in a single `` Fun At The Beach '' b/w `` B-Side '' which was also released in Europe . They also sang backup vocals on Blondie 's `` Autoamerican '' and Stiv Bator 's solo album . A video was shot for `` High School Dance '' ( A.K.A. `` Boys Are Drinking '' ) . Further demos were produced by Debbie Harry and Mick Jones but possible record or production deals with Bomp ! , I.R.S. Records and Phil Spector fell through . I.R.S. would instead sign the similar sounding Go-Go 's who were also fans of the B-Girls . Line up changes would lead to Lucasta leaving after the single and being replaced by Xenia moving to vocals . Rhonda having already left and been replaced by Marcy Saddy who had previously played in the London , Ontario band Demics . The reformed band carried on until 1981 before breaking up and returning to Toronto . Lucasta formed a new band called Minutes From Downtown who had a hit with `` Wrapped In Velvet '' breaking up a few years later . Marcy Saddy returned to London drumming in various bands and becoming an artist . The rest of the band dropped out of music although Cynthia Ross has since returned with a new band , New York Junk . The bands collected recordings were released in 1997 remixed by Chris Spedding in a cd entitled `` Who Says Girls Ca n't Rock '' . The members of the band are in the documentary `` The Last Pogo Jumps Again '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b971499eab4de6e7f8d0f3309240ae7e", "text": "Cool for the Summer `` Cool for the Summer '' is a song by American singer Demi Lovato . It serves as the lead single from her fifth studio album , Confident ( 2015 ) . The song was released on July 1 , 2015 , by Hollywood , and Island Records , and made its radio premiere on the same date via Republic Records . Lovato co-wrote `` Cool for the Summer '' with Alexander Erik Kronlund , Savan Kotecha , and the song 's producers Max Martin and Ali Payami . Musically , it has a rock styled edge over an electronic instrumental arrangement . The song has garnered attention for its bi-curious insinuations and sexually suggestive lyrics . Critics praised `` Cool for the Summer '' for its production and bi-curious lyrical content . It was included on several year-end lists and received nominations for the MTV Video Music Awards and 2015 Teen Choice Awards in the `` Song Of The Summer '' category . The song received an award for being one of the most performed songs of 2015 at the ASCAP Pop Music Awards . Commercially `` Cool for the Summer '' had a positive reception . In United States the song debuted at number 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 dated July 18 , 2015 , selling 80,000 copies in its first charting week . It entered the Hot 100 's top 20 on the chart dated August 15 , 2015 , and peaked at number 11 , becoming Lovato 's third highest chart position . The song also reached number one on the Dance Club Songs chart . It was certified double-platinum by RIAA . `` Cool for the Summer '' has also topped the charts in Greece and peaked within the top 10 in Belgium , the Czech Republic , Lebanon , Mexico , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom as well as the top 20 in Australia , Canada , Ireland , Slovakia , and Spain . Its music video was directed by Hannah Lux Davis and released on July 23 , 2015 . It received positive reviews from critics , who praised the singer 's sensuality and artistic growth . To promote the song , Lovato performed it at pool parties after its release . She also promoted the song on several TV programs such as The Voice , Sunrise , the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards , Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , and Saturday Night Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94e69384fd5916f6eab905b067ee8650", "text": "Fun (album) Fun is an album by singer-songwriter Daniel Johnston . It was his first major label release , as well as his only album for Atlantic Records . The album was produced by Butthole Surfers member Paul Leary . In 1993 , Johnston , gaining popularity , was offered a contract under Elektra Records ; although a beneficial agreement for Johnston , he refused , since Metallica , a band Johnston believed to be possessed by Satan , was under the label . Johnston , now under the impression that his manager was also possessed by Satan , fired him and continued to look elsewhere for a music label . Johnston signed under Atlantic Records , and released Fun in 1994 while housed in a mental institution . The album was a commercial failure , and in 1996 , two years after the release , Johnston was dropped from the Atlantic Records label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "387fcba401b03eb8b8baeb6c7c1ac39c", "text": "All I Want Is You (Carly Simon song) `` All I Want Is You '' is the 4th and final single from Carly Simon 's 1987 album Coming Around Again . The song was co-written by Simon and frequent collaborator Jacob Brackman . The song is also featured on Simon 's 1988 album Greatest Hits Live . The song is one of Simon 's biggest latter period AC hits , and as a result is included on multiple compilations of her work , which include 1995 's 3-disc box set Clouds in My Coffee , the UK import The Very Best of Carly Simon : Nobody Does It Better , the 2-disc retrospective Anthology , 2004 's single disc Reflections : Carly Simon 's Greatest Hits , and 2014 's Playlist : The Very Best of Carly Simon . No music video existed for this song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18d8fe919416130da33c00d94423d287", "text": "Hits 7 The Hits Album 7 or Hits 7 is a compilation album that was released in December 1987 by CBS , BMG , and WEA . It reached # 2 in the UK Albums Chart ( held off by Now 10 , another compilation ) . This was the first in the Hits series to be released on double-CD . It contained 32 tracks , 15 of which appeared on the VHS collection , The Hits Video 7 . Hits 7 features two songs which reached number one on the UK Singles Chart : `` You Win Again '' and `` Never Gon na Give You Up '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d47ca2099294fa42a7d8e1c57018da3a", "text": "Trouble (Heaven 17 song) `` Trouble '' is synthpop trio Heaven 17 's only single of 1987 from the 1986 album Pleasure One . It was written by all three members . The single was released in early 1987 and peaked at # 51 in the UK , spending 4 weeks on the chart . A promotional video was created for the single , becoming one of the band 's last music videos to date . The 12 '' single was slightly retitled as ( Big ) Trouble . Allmusic wrote `` Some of the Pleasure One songs are among their best , including the wonderful `` Trouble '' and the opening track , `` Contenders . '' The guitar work in `` Trouble '' makes the song itself . '' The single was number 126 of the Top 250 in 1987 for the top German singles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d9a923b8472fe8b2ae4ac87ead825e3", "text": "Make It Last Forever (album) Make It Last Forever is the debut album of American R&B recording artist Keith Sweat . It was recorded at INS Recording and Power Play Studios in New York City . Released on November 24 , 1987 , the album went to # 1 on the Top R&B Albums chart for three weeks ( and topped the Billboard Year-End R&B chart for 1988 ) , and # 5 on the Billboard 200 . Make It Last Forever was one of the earliest R&B albums to showcase the up-and-coming new jack swing sound , as it was mostly produced by Sweat himself and music producer Teddy Riley . The album 's biggest hit was `` I Want Her '' , a # 5 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 and the first # 1 R&B hit for Sweat . The title track ( a duet with Jacci McGhee ) followed `` I Want Her '' , making the # 2 R&B spot , while `` Do n't Stop Your Love '' and `` Something Just Ai n't Right '' were also major top ten hits on the Billboard R&B charts . In addition , album tracks such as `` Right and a Wrong Way '' and `` How Deep is Your Love '' received substantial radio airplay and can still be heard on quiet storm format stations . On April 6 , 1994 , Make It Last Forever was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America , for shipments of three million copies in the United States . The single `` I Want Her '' was certified gold by the RIAA on June 13 , 1989 , for shipments of 500,000 copies in the US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d61c867f45148006c499de33ea6b1aa", "text": "Patsy Cline discography The discography of Patsy Cline , an American country pop artist , consists of three studio albums , one compilation album , six extended plays , twenty four singles , and seven B-sides . For material released after the artist 's death in 1963 , see Patsy Cline posthumous discography . After performing in a band in 1954 , Cline was signed by Bill McCall to Four Star Records , based in Pasadena , California . She made her first recording session for the label in June 1955 , releasing her debut single , `` A Church , a Courtroom , and Goodbye '' in July . Cline issued seventeen singles to the country music recording charts between 1955 and 1960 ; however , only one of them was a major hit . After releasing the singles `` Hidin ' Out '' , `` I Love You Honey '' , and `` I 've Loved and Lost Again '' , her first single issued in 1957 , entitled `` Walkin ' After Midnight '' , peaked at # 2 on the Billboard Magazine Hot Country Songs list and # 12 on the Top Pop Songs chart . The song 's success spawned Cline 's self-titled debut album , released in August 1957 . Cline 's additional singles between 1958 and 1960 ranged in variations between country , Gospel , and Rockabilly . These songs included such releases as , `` Three Cigarettes ( In an Ashtray ) , '' `` Come On In ( And Make Yourself at Home ) , '' `` Dear God , '' and `` Crazy Dreams . '' In late 1960 , Cline signed with Four Star 's distributor , Decca . Working with producer Owen Bradley , Cline 's musical style changed from Honky Tonk to the Pop-influenced Nashville Sound . Her first Decca release was 1961 's `` I Fall to Pieces , '' which was recorded during her first session for the label . The single became her first number one single on the Billboard Country Chart , while also reaching # 12 on the Pop chart , and # 6 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks list . Her second self-titled extended play was issued in August and contained the hit ; however , due to a major car accident , Cline could not promote the song . Its follow-up , `` Crazy '' , was released in October and became another crossover hit , reaching # 2 on the Billboard Country and Adult Contemporary chart , and # 9 on the Pop chart . Cline 's second studio album was then issued in November 1961 , entitled Patsy Cline Showcase and containing both hits . In its re-release in 1963 , the album peaked at # 73 on the Billboard 200 Albums Chart . Cline 's third Decca single , `` She 's Got You '' was released in January 1962 , and became her fourth major hit , reaching number one on Billboard '' 's Country Chart , # 14 on the Billboard Pop Chart , and # 3 on its Adult Contemporary chart . Because an album was not yet released , the extended play also titled , She 's Got You was released in April . She had two other major country hits that year : `` When I Get Thru ' With You '' ( # 10 ) and `` So Wrong '' ( # 14 ) . Her third and final official studio album named , Sentimentally Yours was released in August and contained `` She 's Got You '' , as well as , `` Heartaches '' , which reached # 31 in the United Kingdom . Many of the singles ' B-sides charted on the Country and Pop chart that year , including `` She 's Got You '' 's flip side , `` Strange '' and `` When I Get Thru ' With You '' 's flip , `` Imagine That '' . Cline released her final single during her lifetime in January 1963 entitled , `` Leavin ' on Your Mind . '' The song became a Top 10 hit on the Billboard '' Country Chart , while also reaching # 83 on the Pop chart . Patsy Cline died March 5 , 1963 in a plane crash in Camden , Tennessee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbe6a1decf05ded18e8640a305069b0e", "text": "Billboard Top Country Hits: 1987 Billboard Top Country Hits : 1987 is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1993 , featuring 10 hit country music recordings from 1987 . Each of the tracks reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart during 1987 and early 1988 . The songs are dated according to their chart debut month , a difference from many of Rhino 's earlier `` Top Hits '' series which chronicle the tracks by peak month .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e175ca32071aa0cbb8d9c7ce0bcd54", "text": "American burlesque American burlesque is a genre of variety show . Derived from elements of Victorian burlesque , music hall and minstrel shows , burlesque shows in America became popular in the 1860s and evolved to feature ribald comedy ( lewd jokes ) and female striptease . By the early 20th century , burlesque in America was presented as a populist blend of satire , performance art , music hall , and adult entertainment , featuring striptease and broad comedy acts . The entertainment was presented often in cabarets and clubs , as well as music halls and theatres . Performers , usually female , often created elaborate tableaux with lush , colorful costumes , mood-appropriate music , and dramatic lighting ; novelty acts , such as fire breathing or contortionists , might be added to enhance the impact of their performance . The genre traditionally encompassed a variety of acts : in addition to the striptease artistes , there was some combination of chanson singers , comedians , mime artists , and dancing girls , all delivered in a satiric style with a saucy edge . The striptease element of burlesque became subject to extensive local legislation , leading to a theatrical form that titillated without falling afoul of censors . Burlesque gradually lost popularity beginning in the 1940s . A number of producers sought to capitalize on nostalgia for the entertainment by attempting to recreate the spirit of burlesque in Hollywood films from the 1930s to the 1960s . There has been a resurgence of interest in this format since the 1990s , and it inspired a 2010 musical film , Burlesque , starring Christina Aguilera and Cher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df69161b26f904a9fc281ddc0a4e48cf", "text": "Dirty Dancing (soundtrack) Dirty Dancing is the original soundtrack of the 1987 film Dirty Dancing . The album became a huge commercial success . It went on to sell 32 million copies worldwide and is one of the best-selling albums of all time . In the United States the album spent 18 weeks at # 1 on the Billboard 200 album sales charts and went multi-platinum . As of 2007 , it is still re-entering the Irish charts on occasion , having spent more than 230 weeks in the top 30 . There was a follow-up album entitled More Dirty Dancing ( 1988 ) . Ultimate Dirty Dancing ( full title : Dirty Dancing : Ultimate Dirty Dancing ) was released in 2003 and contains every song from the motion picture Dirty Dancing sequenced in the order it appears in the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cfc3a7bfed27a16c45ea34f8d3af8e0", "text": "The Look of Love (Madonna song) `` The Look of Love '' is a song by American singer Madonna from the soundtrack album to the 1987 film Who 's That Girl . It was the third and final single release from the album and was released on November 25 , 1987 by Sire Records . While shooting for the film , then called Slammer , Madonna had requested that producer Patrick Leonard develop a downtempo song that captured the nature of her film persona . She later wrote the lyrics and melody to the backing track developed by Leonard , and the song became `` The Look of Love '' . Madonna was also inspired by actor James Stewart 's performance in the 1954 film Rear Window . Featuring instrumentation from percussion , the song begins with a low bass synth line and a slow backing track , followed by Madonna singing the lyrics . Critically appreciated as a haunting track and noted as a `` gem '' on the album , `` The Look of Love '' reached the top ten of the charts in Belgium , Ireland , the Netherlands and the United Kingdom . It also charted in France , Germany and Switzerland , while reaching the top 20 of the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles . Madonna 's only live performances of the song were on her Who 's That Girl World Tour in 1987 . During the performance Madonna pretended that she was lost on the stage , like her film character .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "569f44df1fa25dbfd7acd64fcd1e3bc1", "text": "Dance Little Sister (Terence Trent D'Arby song) `` Dance Little Sister '' is a song by Terence Trent D'Arby , the third single from the 1987 album Introducing the Hardline According to Terence Trent D'Arby . The single reached the UK Top 20 as well . As was common for big-selling artists at that time , the singles were released in a plethora of limited editions on multiple formats .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d963faf55007b7759b152d402f6cdd37", "text": "The Greatest Hits Tour (Girls Aloud) The Greatest Hits Tour was the third concert tour by Irish and British girl group Girls Aloud , in support of their first greatest hits album The Sound of Girls Aloud : The Greatest Hits . Girls Aloud returned to Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland , having not performed there on 2006 's Chemistry Tour . The band performed sixteen dates in various arenas across the United Kingdom and Ireland , making it their second arena tour . The Sound of Girls Aloud : The Greatest Hits Tour kicked off in Cheryl Cole 's hometown of Newcastle on 14 May 2007 and concluding in near Nadine Coyle 's home in Belfast on 2 June 2007 . The show was divided into five unique sections with distinct costumes , including the encore . Girls Aloud descended onto the stage from the ceiling as they performed `` Something Kinda Ooooh '' . They performed fourteen of the fifteen singles they had released at the time , as well as a couple of album tracks and a Dirty Dancing medley . A number of songs were also remixed or reworked . Girls Aloud received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics , who praised Girls Aloud 's original songs but criticized the number of cover versions and the show 's lack of budget . Critics also noted Girls Aloud 's provocative attire . Much like the greatest hits album , The Sound of Girls Aloud : The Greatest Hits Tour was a commercial success . Girls Aloud released another studio album and announced an accompanying tour for the following year . The Sound of Girls Aloud : The Greatest Hits Tour remains Girls Aloud 's only tour not to receive a video release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76ffe8877ae822be52d7e019700820fc", "text": "Whitney Houston videography The videography of American pop/R & B recording artist Whitney Houston consists of fifty-five music videos , four music video compilations , a concert tour video and three music video singles . In 1983 , Houston signed a recording contract with Arista Records and two years after released her eponymous debut album . Houston 's first music video was for the single `` You Give Good Love '' , which was selected to establish her in the black marketplace first . In the video of worldwide hit `` Saving All My Love for You '' , she played a beaming All-American girl shadowed by her secret lover 's wife . The following video `` How Will I Know '' , directed by Brian Grant , that helped introduce the singer to a wider audience when it became one of the first videos by a black female singer to earn heavy rotation on MTV , blasting open the doors for a whole generation of R&B and pop divas to follow . The clip won MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video at its 3rd ceremony of 1986 . `` Greatest Love of All '' , the final single released from Houston 's debut album , which helped cement the M.O. for the classic Whitney video . In June 1986 , Houston released her first video compilation The No. 1 Video Hits , containing her four music videos off the Whitney Houston album . The video compilation reached number-one on the Billboard Top Music Videocassettes chart and stayed at the top spot for 22 weeks , which remains the all-time record for a video collection by a female artist , and was certified Platinum for shipments of 100,000 units by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) on July 15 , 1986 . In 1987 , `` I Wan na Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' , the first single from her second album Whitney , was one of Houston 's most recognized music videos in company with the song 's smash hit worldwide . Houston 's fashion and hairstyle in the clip -- towering curly wig , colorful dangly earrings and a series of going-to-the-club outfits -- became one of her iconic looks . In November 1990 , Houston released her third studio album I 'm Your Baby Tonight . The video for the title track from the album , was what passed for a high-concept clip from Houston , in which she paid tribute to three different legends in film and music industries : Marlene Dietrich , The Supremes and Audrey Hepburn . On January 27 , 1991 , Houston , wearing a white tracksuit with a red and blue print and matching athletic headband , performed `` The Star Spangled Banner '' at Super Bowl XXV , held at the Tampa Stadium in Tampa , Florida . Due to overwhelming response to her rendition , the performance was released as a video single , which was certified 2 × Platinum by the RIAA in April 1991 . Such Houston 's patriotism-boosting-performance for the national anthem led her to give Welcome Home Heroes with Whitney Houston concert , which was for the troops , their families , and military and government dignitaries in honor of those returning from the Gulf War . The concert was released as a VHS ( later also LD and DVD ) in the same year and it was certified Gold for shipments of 50,000 units by the RIAA . Though Houston is acknowledged as one of the best live performers , up to date , the live footage is her only full-concert video that has been issued officially in the United States . `` I Will Always Love You '' , one of Houston 's iconic videos , was the clip for the lead single off the soundtrack for Houston 's 1992 film debut The Bodyguard . In the video , directed by Nick Brandt , the camera focused on an elegantly suited up , forlorn-looking Houston sitting in an empty theater and staring into the distance as she watched clips from the movie scroll by . Houston blasted into the song 's towering finale via a quick zoom to her face , eyes closed , and then popping open as she hit the high notes . The idea and the camerawork helped Houston to deliver perfectly the titanically tear-jerking drama of the song . Her other notable video from The Bodyguard Soundtrack , `` Queen of the Night '' , featured Houston performing the song in a club dressed in a metallic costume , which were inspired by scenes from Fritz Lang 's 1927 silent film Metropolis . After Houston contributed to her songs on the soundtracks for two films , in which she also starred , Waiting to Exhale ( 1995 ) and The Preacher 's Wife ( 1996 ) , she teamed up with Mariah Carey in the video for `` When You Believe '' from The Prince of Egypt Soundtrack . In November 1998 , Houston came back to pop music full-time with My Love Is Your Love , which returned her to heavy rotation . The singles from the album , `` Heartbreak Hotel '' , `` It 's Not Right But It 's Okay '' , and `` My Love Is Your Love '' , were all US top 5 hits , and Houston was also once again embraced by MTV thanks to her willingness to let her style and approach evolve in her music and the videos . During that time , most of her music videos were directed by Kevin Bray . Houston began the 2000s with her first greatest hits compilation , Whitney : The Greatest Hits , which spawned three then new videos including two for the duet songs that she collaborated with Enrique Iglesias on `` Could I Have This Kiss Forever '' and George Michael on `` If I Told You That '' . The accompanying video/DVD of the same title was also released at the same time , which contained Houston 's promotional videos from 1985 to 1999 and several hard-to-find live performances including her 1983 TV debut on The Merv Griffin Show . In December 2002 , Houston released her fifth studio album , Just Whitney . Two music videos from the album , `` Whatchulookinat '' and `` Try It on My Own '' , were considered her answers to the media for getting too deep into her personal life and to malicious rumours surrounding then her public image . In the former video , she confronted the issues with a white set with an overhead camera and mirrors on its walls , following and reflecting Houston 's every move . In the latter , did with the storyline strongly reminiscent of her high-profile firing by Burt Bacharach from the 2000 Academy Awards ceremony for not singing `` Over the Rainbow '' during rehearsals for the show . In August 2009 , Houston returned to the music scene with her fourth Billboard 200 number-one album , I Look to You , which yielded `` Million Dollar Bill '' and `` I Look to You '' videos . Most of Houston 's notable videos involve just a bit of perfunctory storyline and focus on her performance , however , several sources recognized her as one of pioneers who laid the groundwork and broke down barriers with the videos during her generation . In 2003 , VH1 ranked Houston at number three on the list of '50 Greatest Women of the Video Era ' . In February 2012 , TIME , on a photo article in honor of Black History Month , listed her as one of '50 Cultural Giants ' . Gil Kaufman from MTV News said that '' -LSB- Houston -RSB- proved you could make a fuss without making a spectacle , '' and added his view on Houston 's legacy as follows : The legendary R&B singer -LSB- Houston -RSB- became one of the most important artists of the early music-video era by taking the road less traveled . -LSB- ... -RSB- While such fellow trailblazers as Michael Jackson and Madonna created video fantasy worlds full of monsters , gangsters , street-fighting men and naughty brides , Houston mostly skipped the drama and stood front and center in her most iconic clips doing the thing that she did best : singing her heart out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65bb95747c66a41e68b5586663f456b5", "text": "Just to See Her `` Just to See Her '' is a 1987 song written by Jimmy George and Lou Pardini and recorded by American R&B recording artist Smokey Robinson from his studio album One Heartbeat ( 1987 ) . `` Just to See Her '' peaked at # 7 in Cash Box and # 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in June 1987 . It also reached # 2 on the R&B chart and hit # 1 on the Adult Contemporary chart . In the United Kingdom , the song peaked at # 52 on the UK Singles Chart . In addition , Robinson won his first career Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance at the 30th Grammy Awards in 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "654297dd994bd5586893bdf541e3e5ed", "text": "She Bop `` She Bop '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Cyndi Lauper , released as the third single from her debut studio album She 's So Unusual . It reached number three on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in September 1984 . Worldwide , the song is her most commercially successful single after `` Girls Just Want to Have Fun '' and `` Time After Time '' , and reached number 46 on the UK Singles Chart and number 6 on the ARIA Singles Chart . `` She Bop '' was her third consecutive Top 5 on the Hot 100 . The song is also featured in the film Never Been Kissed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3a62829bbecf11e4bb0b282c870eed2", "text": "Best of Dolly Parton, Vol. 3 Best of Dolly Parton , Vol .3 is a 1987 compilation of Dolly Parton 's early - to mid-1980s hits that RCA Records issued after she left the label . This was the first Dolly Parton CD that featured the song `` Potential New Boyfriend '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "add09e1d4094bddd881aaced4a9a47f8", "text": "Reputation and Rarities Reputation and Rarities is the name of a repackaged/re-released version of British singer Dusty Springfield 's 1990 studio album , Reputation . In late 1987 , there was a resurgence of interest in Springfield 's career , which was a direct result of her work with Pet Shop Boys on the duet `` What Have I Done to Deserve This ? '' , released in November of the same year . The single reached # 2 in the US Billboard Hot 100 and # 2 in the UK Singles Chart , Springfield 's highest simultaneous charting single ever . Springfield then worked with Pet Shop Boys on two further solo singles `` Nothing Has Been Proved '' , originally from movie Scandal , and `` In Private '' , both UK Top 20 hits for Springfield in 1989 . The culmination of Springfield 's new success was the album Reputation , released in 1990 . The original album was released only in the UK and reached # 18 in the UK Albums Chart , Springfield 's first hit album in her native country in over twenty years . In 1997 , the album was re-released ( this time in America as well ) as Reputation and Rarities , and included the entire Reputation album , along with two tracks recorded for the album , but never used or released until then , the ballads `` Any Other Fool '' , written by Diane Warren and Robbie Buchanan , and `` When Love Turns to Blue '' , a collaboration with British pop duo Climie Fisher . Also included was `` Getting It Right '' , written and produced by Steve Tyrell in early 1989 for the British movie of the same name , first released as one of the B-sides to the single `` Reputation '' , and the original 12 '' mix of the biggest hit from the album , `` In Private '' . Reputation and Rarities was subsequently given a second re-release by EMI 's European mid-price label Disky Communications , then repackaged with a third set of cover art .", "title": "" } ]	fever
dd6ec7eab1237ab4a64d06a948b234e9	Deadpool 2 featured Brianna Hildebrand.	[ { "docid": "9ca4cbb6380d5ca7c45e75602df62702", "text": "Deadpool (film) Deadpool is a 2016 American superhero film directed by Tim Miller and written by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick , based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name . It is the eighth installment and a spin-off in the X-Men film series , and stars Ryan Reynolds as the titular character , as well as Morena Baccarin , Ed Skrein , T. J. Miller , Gina Carano , Leslie Uggams , Brianna Hildebrand , and Stefan Kapičić . In the film , antihero Deadpool hunts the man who nearly destroyed his life while also trying to reunite with his lost love . Development began in February 2004 with New Line Cinema , but moved in March 2005 to 20th Century Fox who bought the film rights . In May 2009 , after Reynolds portrayed the character in X-Men Origins : Wolverine , to the general disappointment of fans , Fox lent the film to writers , and Miller was hired for his directorial debut in April 2011 . Enthusiastic acclaim for leaked CGI test footage by Miller in July 2014 led to Fox greenlighting the film in September . Additional casting began in early 2015 , and principal photography commenced in Vancouver from March to May . Deadpool premiered in Paris on February 8 , 2016 , and was released on February 12 in the United States in IMAX , DLP , D-Box , and premium large format . Critics praised Reynolds ' performance as well as the film 's style , faithful depiction of the titular character , and action sequences , but criticized its plot as formulaic . It received various awards and nominations , including two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy and Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , and a Producers Guild of America Award nomination for Best Theatrical Motion Picture . It also won two Critics ' Choice Movie Awards for Best Comedy and Best Actor in a Comedy . The film was also a significant commercial success , grossing over $ 783million worldwide and breaking numerous box-office records , becoming the ninth highest-grossing film of 2016 , the highest-grossing R-rated film of all time when unadjusted for inflation , and the highest-grossing X-Men film . Shortly after the film 's success , Fox ordered development of a sequel scheduled to be released on June 1 , 2018 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "6788abe008bc47053b7876ba8b963572", "text": "Claire Redfield is a fictional character in the Resident Evil ( Biohazard in Japan ) horror franchise by Capcom . Claire is the younger sister of Chris Redfield , an American special police officer who is a protagonist of the first Resident Evil game , and is herself a protagonist of the video games Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil - Code : Veronica , where she is a zombie outbreak survivor turned a vigilante . She returned as an abducted activist in the video game Resident Evil : Revelations 2 after being absent from the main series for a decade and half since Code : Veronica . Claire has also appeared in various other media , including several additional video games , the computer-animated film Resident Evil : Degeneration , and the non-canon live-action films Resident Evil : Extinction , Resident Evil : Afterlife and Resident Evil : The Final Chapter , as well as in the promotion and merchandise for the franchise . She was very well received by critics and became one of the most popular Resident Evil characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da10c0c956444ae8a81300f6fad6ca7a", "text": "Second to Die Second to Die is a thriller film released in 2002 . The film stars Erika Eleniak , Jerry Kroll , and Colleen Camp . Its tagline was `` One murder is never enough '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3ab03eb398ec1cfcb883601cd744b40", "text": "Mike & Molly (season 2) The second season of the television comedy series Mike & Molly began airing on September 26 , 2011 on CBS in the United States . The season was produced by Chuck Lorre Productions and Warner Bros. . Television , with series creator Mark Roberts serving as executive producer along with Chuck Lorre , James Burrows and Don Foster . The series focuses on the title characters Mike Biggs ( Billy Gardell ) and Molly Flynn ( Melissa McCarthy ) , a couple who meet at an Overeaters Anonymous meeting in Chicago , Illinois . After Molly , a primary-school teacher , invites police officer Mike to give a talk to her class , they begin dating . Molly lives at home with her mother Joyce ( Swoosie Kurtz ) , and sister Victoria ( Katy Mixon ) . Joyce is in an on-off relationship with widower Vince Moranto ( Louis Mustillo ) , who is often seen at the house . Mike lives alone in an apartment but is regularly kept company by his best friend and partner in the police force Carl McMillan ( Reno Wilson ) . Other prominent characters in the series include Carl 's grandmother Rosetta ( Cleo King ) , Mike 's mother Peggy ( Rondi Reed ) and cafe worker Samuel ( Nyambi Nyambi ) . Holly Robinson Peete has a recurring guest role in Season 2 as Carl 's love interest . Season two of Mike & Molly '' was broadcast in the United States on Mondays at 9:30 pm . On August 21 , 2012 Warner Home Video released a three-disc set of the second season on DVD , which included every episode , a featurette , bloopers , and interviews with the cast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da10ac6a125739049f138d9306583b5e", "text": "Carlos Knight Carlos Knight ( born September 22 , 1993 ) is an American actor and comedian . He co-starred as Owen Reynolds in Supah Ninjas and as Diesel ( his character from Fred 2 : Night of the Living Fred and also Fred 3 : Camp Fred ) in Fred : The Show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f45fd7462e4c7062c294f43d86aa961a", "text": "Puberty 2 Puberty 2 is the fourth studio album by American indie rock musician Mitski , released by Dead Oceans Records on June 17 , 2016 . The album was solely produced by Patrick Hyland . Puberty 2 was released to widespread critical acclaim , with many critics praising Mitski 's emotional delivery and lyrically-complex themes , which include longing , love , depression , alienation , and racial identity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69299cf2e0995fe698629a8d67c02167", "text": "The Dead and the Damned 2 The Dead and the Damned 2 ( also The Dead , the Damned , and the Darkness and Tom Sawyer vs Zombies ) is a 2014 American horror film written and directed by Rene Perez . It was released direct-to-video on October 7 , 2014 , and is the sequel to the 2010 film The Dead and the Damned .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "475af628ce36adf1f451d82b83024fc7", "text": "Britney/Brittany `` Britney/Brittany '' is the second episode of the second season of the American television series Glee , and the twenty-fourth episode overall . Written and directed by series creator Ryan Murphy , it premiered on the Fox network on September 28 , 2010 , and pays tribute to Britney Spears . Glee club member Brittany S. Pierce ( Heather Morris ) experiences an anesthesia-induced hallucination in which she recreates iconic Spears moments , and comes to self-realization , and several club members follow suit . Co-captains Rachel ( Lea Michele ) and Finn ( Cory Monteith ) experience difficulties in their relationship , and club director Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) becomes jealous of guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury 's ( Jayma Mays ) new boyfriend , Dr. Carl Howell ( John Stamos ) . Following the first season episode `` The Power of Madonna '' , which served as an homage to Madonna , Murphy planned two tribute episodes for Glee second season , of which `` Britney/Brittany '' is the first . He was approached by Spears about using her songs , and deemed her one of the most important female musicians of the decade , having inspired many of the show 's young cast to pursue musical careers . Spears makes several cameos in the episode , appearing in the students ' dream sequences . `` Britney/Brittany '' was also intended as a showcase for Morris , whose character was originally a background character on the show , but was promoted to a series regular after her character proved to be a fan favorite . The episode features seven musical performances , six of which were released as singles . It was watched by 13.51 million American viewers , Glee third largest audience ever , and attracted mixed reviews from critics . ToddVanDerWerff of The A.V. Club criticized its slightness of plot and incongruous musical numbers ; however , James Poniewozik of Time praised the episode for embracing its fantasy nature . Entertainment Weekly Tim Stack was dismayed by the close recreations of Spears videos , preferring Glee more original interpretations of its cover versions , yet MTV 's Aly Semigran felt that the performance of `` I 'm a Slave 4 U '' was one of the best sequences in the show 's history . Michele 's rendition of '' ... Baby One More Time '' attracted negative reviews , though her performance of Paramore 's `` The Only Exception '' was generally well received . Spears ' cameo received mixed reviews , with even those critics who received it favorably expressing relief that she did not appear for longer . Morris ' performance attracted critical praise , particularly for her dancing skills .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef455609f3f48e7d7628a0fbc5ad479c", "text": "Super Troopers Super Troopers is a 2001 American crime-comedy film directed by Jay Chandrasekhar , written by and starring the Broken Lizard comedy group ( Jay Chandrasekhar , Kevin Heffernan , Steve Lem me , Paul Soter and Erik Stolhanske ) . Marisa Coughlan , Daniel von Bargen and Brian Cox co-star while Lynda Carter has a cameo appearance . In total , Fox Searchlight paid $ 3.25 million for distribution rights of the film and grossed $ 23.1 million at the box office . A sequel , Super Troopers 2 , is currently filming and is expected to be released in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87cdabe42dbe2feab50dd7e03e2b9bf7", "text": "Payday 2 Payday 2 '' ' is a cooperative first-person shooter video game developed by Overkill Software and published by 505 Games has former published by Sony . The game is a sequel to 2011 's Payday : The Heist . It was released on 13 August 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . An improved version of the game , subtitled Crimewave Edition , was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in June 2015 ( on 12 June in the UK and Europe and on 16 June in North America ) . The game has been announced for the Nintendo Switch and will come out in the fall of 2017 . Two years after the events of the previous game , a new gang comes to the Washington , D.C. area to perform another heisting spree . The player takes control of one of the gang 's seventeen members and can perform heists alone , with up to two AI players , or with ( up to ) 3 other players . The player can participate in a variety of heists , including but not limited to robberies of banks , shops and armored cars , and producing and distributing narcotics . The game differs on the previous by allowing much more customization of the player ( aesthetically and gameplay-wise ) , more variety in levels , and has reworked stealth mechanics . An accompanying web series was produced to promote the game . The game was profitable from pre-orders alone and received positive reviews . Payday 2 : Crimewave Edition '' which offers improved graphics , new content and all previous DLCs , was released on 12 June 2015 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efd3067e9c316c0349ea471a0561cfea", "text": "Brawl in Cell Block 99 Brawl in Cell Block 99 is an upcoming American action thriller film written and directed by S. Craig Zahler . The film stars Vince Vaughn , Jennifer Carpenter and Don Johnson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c80595148f409986484f4957ce297c4", "text": "Blackheart Blackheart is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is usually depicted as an adversary to the superhero Ghost Rider . Created by writer Ann Nocenti and artist John Romita , Jr. , Blackheart first appeared in Daredevil # 270 ( September 1989 ) . The character has also appeared in other media , such as the 2000 video game Marvel vs Capcom 2 , and in the 2007 film Ghost Rider , in which he was portrayed by actor Wes Bentley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd12adeb38acf8d39d363d772e17810c", "text": "Aftershocks (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Aftershocks '' is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they race to strike back against Hydra after an apparent defeat to the latter , while several characters discover they have gained new abilities following the end of the previous episode . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Maurissa Tancharoen and Jed Whedon , and directed by Billy Gierhart . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , and Adrianne Palicki . Palicki was promoted to series regular with this episode , after having a recurring guest role in the first half of the season . The episode also saw the return of Marvel 's `` The Art of ... '' marketing initiative . `` Aftershocks '' originally aired on ABC on March 3 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.48 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2636249a661d3235a10ac9722f9ffa0e", "text": "The Fast and the Furious (2001 film) The Fast and the Furious is a 2001 American-German action crime film directed by Rob Cohen , produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Gary Scott Thompson and David Ayer . It is the first installment in the The Fast and the Furious franchise . The film stars Vin Diesel , Paul Walker , Michelle Rodriguez , Jordana Brewster , Rick Yune , Chad Lindberg , Johnny Strong , and Matt Schulze . The film follows undercover cop Brian O'Conner , who is tasked with stopping a group of unknown hijackers using high-performance racecars to hijack 18-wheelers . Inspiration for the film was sought through a Vibe magazine article titled `` Racer X '' , which detailed the illegal street racing circuit operating within New York City . Filming locations include New York City and New England , with a majority of the film being shot in southern California . The Fast and the Furious was released on June 22 , 2001 , grossing over $ 207 million worldwide from an estimated $ 38 million budget . It was later re-released on June 22 , 2016 , to celebrate its 15th anniversary . It has a 53 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes , which called it `` sleek and shiny on the surface '' in its critical consensus . The Fast and the Furious launched a franchise of sequels , starting with 2 Fast 2 Furious in 2003 , followed by The Fast and the Furious : Tokyo Drift in 2006 , Fast & Furious in 2009 , Fast Five in 2011 , Fast & Furious 6 in 2013 , Furious 7 in 2015 , and The Fate of the Furious in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf0a9a882080305129c61fdf3d592d7d", "text": "Adrianne Palicki Adrianne Lee Palicki ( born May 6 , 1983 ) is an American actress best known for her roles as Tyra Collette in the television series Friday Night Lights ( 2006 -- 2011 ) and supporting roles in the films Legion ( 2010 ) , Red Dawn ( 2012 ) , G.I. Joe : Retaliation ( 2013 ) , and John Wick ( 2014 ) . She played Barbara `` Bobbi '' Morse on the ABC series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( 2014 -- 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e38bc1d6f10f94b3427d12b5f0ec771e", "text": "H2hos The H2Hos were the first renegade feminist synchronized swimming troupe performing in Austin , Texas , actively producing shows from 2001 -- 2006 . As a directorless collective , the troupe consisted of synchronized swimmers , musicians , costume designers and set designers , who shared decisions of choreography , concept , production , and logistics . Without formal training as synchronized swimmers , the troupe taught themselves to swim reconstructing moves from vintage coaching manuals and Busby Berkeley films . The troupe began in 2001 by staging shows illegally in apartment complex swimming pools in South Austin , annually staged a unique summer production , free to the community from 2002 -- 2005 at the Elk 's Lodge on Dawson Street , and eventually composed commissioned productions at private residences across the city as fundraisers for Women and Their Work Gallery . In 2002 , the troupe was awarded `` Best Feminist Synchronized Swimming Troupe '' from the Austin Chronicle , and in 2004 the troupe was awarded `` Best Fundraiser '' from the Austin Chronicle for its ` Making Waves ' performance on Behalf of Women and Their Work Gallery . Former members of the collective include Grant Barger , Julie Burgardt , Ajae Clearway , Krista Del Gallo , Anne Willis Glickman , Molly Gove , Elliott Hostetter , Jeff Johnston , Chico Jones , Erin Kelly , Kasaia Luckel , Michelle Marchesseault , Paula McDermott , Maggy McGiffert , Carter York , Jason Neufeld , Josh Parks , Rachael Shannon , Sarah Walker , and Virginia Yount .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "710286f40a01914a3627c6900afd6fa7", "text": "My Super Psycho Sweet 16: Part 2 My Super Psycho Sweet 16 : Part 2 is a 2010 American teen horror slasher film directed by Jacob Gentry and a sequel to My Super Psycho Sweet 16 ( 2009 ) . It premiered on October 22 , 2010 on MTV . The film is followed by My Super Psycho Sweet 16 : Part 3 ( 2012 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c12914bd41fcff20e9b91fdfab33c140", "text": "Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance Ghost Rider : Spirit of Vengeance ( also known as Ghost Rider 2 ) is a 2011 American 3D supernatural superhero film based on the Marvel Comics antihero Ghost Rider . It is the stand-alone sequel to the 2007 film Ghost Rider and features Nicolas Cage as Johnny Blaze/Ghost Rider with supporting roles portrayed by Ciarán Hinds ( replacing Peter Fonda ) , Violante Placido , Johnny Whitworth , Christopher Lambert , and Idris Elba . The film was directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor , from a screenplay written by David S. Goyer , Scott M. Gimple and Seth Hoffman . Ghost Rider : Spirit of Vengeance was released in theaters on February 17 , 2012 in 3D and 2D . Critical reception was largely negative ; critics and fans criticized the script , CGI , and acting . Despite this , the film grossed more than $ 132 million against its $ 57 million budget . Nicolas Cage has said that he is `` done '' with the Ghost Rider films and a planned sequel was canceled . By May 2013 , the film rights to Ghost Rider had reverted to Marvel Studios and the Robbie Reyes version of Ghost Rider appears in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e3ea1d34b486fc70b45102c3d909e8", "text": "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise . The series stars Clark Gregg , reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films , as well as Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , and Elizabeth Henstridge . Nick Blood and Adrianne Palicki joined the cast for the second and third seasons , while Henry Simmons and Luke Mitchell had recurring roles in the second season before being promoted to the main cast for the third . John Hannah , who recurred in the third season , joined the main cast in the fourth . Additionally , several other characters from Marvel Cinematic Universe films and Marvel One-Shots also appear throughout the series , along with other characters based on various Marvel Comics properties . Several characters from the series also appear in the supplemental digital series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot . This list includes the series ' main cast , all guest stars deemed to have had recurring roles throughout the series , and any other guest who is otherwise notable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a58ce60fbc2861c452895c418a2ad2f", "text": "Brianna Hildebrand Brianna Caitlin Hildebrand ( born August 14 , 1996 ) is an American actress . She is known for appearing in the web series Annie Undocumented , and as Negasonic Teenage Warhead in the 2016 film Deadpool .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76f27bc047ebdb51af1644fa2812acc1", "text": "Afterlife (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Afterlife '' is the sixteenth episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they face a rival faction of S.H.I.E.L.D. while Skye goes to Afterlife , a secret haven for people like her . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Craig Titley , and directed by Kevin Hooks . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , and Adrianne Palicki . `` Afterlife '' originally aired on ABC on April 7 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.24 million viewers .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2226d0e2e7f140cc55c1ad74344426bd	Zach Galifianakis was featured in Puss in Boots.	[ { "docid": "053d9bb819a054d140cd87e46fe21eb0", "text": "Zach Galifianakis Zachary Knight Galifianakis ( -LSB- ˌgælᵻfəˈnækᵻs -RSB- born October 1 , 1969 ) is an American actor , writer and comedian . He came to prominence with his Comedy Central Presents special in 2001 and presented his own show called Late World with Zach on VH1 the following year . He has also starred in films , such as The Hangover trilogy ( 2009 -- 2013 ) , Due Date ( 2010 ) , The Campaign ( 2012 ) , Birdman or ( The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance ) ( 2014 ) , Puss in Boots ( 2011 ) , Masterminds ( 2016 ) and The Lego Batman Movie ( 2017 ) . He currently hosts the Emmy Award-winning talk show Between Two Ferns with Zach Galifianakis on the Funny or Die website and executive produces , writes , and stars in the dark comedy series Baskets on FX .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3b4da06a3483480a329403e61e607944", "text": "Flop Starz `` Flop Starz '' is the first segment for the first official aired episode of the animated television series Phineas and Ferb . The episode was originally broadcast on Disney Channel on February 1 , 2008 . In the episode , Phineas and Ferb become one-hit wonders in the matter of a morning . This is much to the disappointment of Candace , who is trying out for super stardom on a competition show titled The Next American Pop Teen Idol Star ! Meanwhile , Doofenshmirtz converts his building into a giant robot to aid him in his attempt to conquer the tri-state area . The episode 's storyboard was written by Sherm Cohen and Antoine Guilbaud , though the story itself was made by the co-creators of the series . The song in the episode , `` Gitchee Gitchee Goo , '' was the first song the series had and caused for Disney to want one in every episode . Despite the actual pilot being `` Rollercoaster , '' the episode was broadcast to premiere the series , so a majority of the series ' standard humor and plot devices had yet to be established ( e.g. Perry and Doofenshmirtz have no involvement in the removal of the boys ' evidence -LSB- mainly instigated by the boys themselves -RSB- and Candace 's busting attempts in the A-plot are limited to two ) . `` Flop Starz '' carried several references to the music industry and several genres ( the title itself is as well a spoof of the phrase `` pop stars '' ) , as well as to the talent competition American Idol . The episode was well received by critics and fans alike , gaining 23.5 million viewers in its premiere . The song featured , `` Gitchee Gitchee Goo , '' was as well reviewed favorably by critics . `` Flop Starz '' has been featured in several pieces of merchandise , including a junior novelization by Lara Bergen in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fec32445b6ccc08f0f8fd5ea615cfee", "text": "Diving In Diving In is a 1990 American film directed by Strathford Hamilton and starring Matt Adler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2395923740dcc1ab2e1e610d7926da38", "text": "Youth in Oregon Youth in Oregon is a 2016 American comedy-drama film directed by Joel David Moore . The film stars Frank Langella , Billy Crudup , Christina Applegate , Nicola Peltz , Mary Kay Place , and Josh Lucas . The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 16 , 2016 . The film was released in theaters on February 3 , 2017 , by Orion Pictures and Samuel Goldwyn Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c00d19ae7ee1dd6d5e25e4a60c689c83", "text": "PT Walkley P.T. Walkley is a New York City-based singer/songwriter and composer for film and television . He and his live band have opened for Weezer ( at Hammerstein Ballroom ) and Coldplay ( at Madison Square Garden ) , and have played top-tier music festivals like All Points West . He released his first LP as a solo artist , Mr. Macy Wakes Alone , in January 2009 , and includes contributions from acclaimed artists such as Larry Campbell , David Campbell , and Sean Lennon . Walkley has since released two EPs , What 's What and The Ghost of Chivalry . Walkley is also part of the musical projects The Blue Jackets and PT Walkley and the Adventures of Track Rabbit . His most recent album `` Shoulders '' received critical acclaim , and can be streamed on his website , along with the rest of his music . Currently composing the original score for Wilde Wedding , starring Glenn Close , John Malkovich , Patrick Stewart and Minnie Driver . Walkley has also scored and written songs for several major motion pictures , including the Edward Burns films Looking for Kitty , The Groomsmen , Purple Violets , and Nice Guy Johnny , as well as the 2005 film Southern Belles , which starred Anna Faris and Judah Friedlander . Walkley has also composed and licensed music for numerous national advertising campaigns , for clients such as MasterCard , General Electric , Mercedes-Benz , Starbucks , and Macy 's . He composed all the original music for Ed Burns / Steven Spielberg TV Series `` Public Morals '' and for the Nickelodeon children 's television show , Team Umizoomi . In 2017 , he has done a music video for Sesame Workshop 's Sesame Studios YouTube channel , featuring digital puppet characters called `` the Ziggles '' that do a disco remix while counting to ten .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a8bda9cc6610c2f43a459f58ec047a7", "text": "Rusty Cundieff George Arthur `` Rusty '' Cundieff ( born December 13 , 1960 ) is an American film and television director , actor , and writer known for his work on Fear of a Black Hat ( 1993 ) , Tales from the Hood ( 1995 ) , and Chappelle 's Show ( 2003-2006 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0a2ac7ed64fd151f0245b49eaaaea95", "text": "She's All That She 's All That is a 1999 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Robert Iscove and starring Freddie Prinze , Jr. , Rachael Leigh Cook , Paul Walker and Matthew Lillard . It is a modern adaptation of George Bernard Shaw 's play Pygmalion and George Cukor 's 1964 film My Fair Lady . It was one of the most popular teen films of the 1990s and reached No. 1 at the box office in its first week of release . In April 2015 , it was announced that the film will be remade by The Weinstein Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e26cde63e15c6ee5eb14d5693c0ad0da", "text": "Puss 'n' Boots (comics) Puss 'n' Boots was a British comic strip which ran in the UK comic magazine Sparky from 1969 to 1977 and later appeared in Topper and The Dandy . Most of the strips were drawn by John Geering . Some scripts were written by Morris Heggie , later to become editor of the Dandy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06f5623e1d8658c0d7ee27b346dab43c", "text": "A Troll in Central Park A Troll in Central Park ( released in some countries as Stanley 's Magic Garden ) is a 1994 American animated musical fantasy-comedy film directed by Don Bluth and Gary Goldman , creators of Rock-A-Doodle , The Land Before Time , All Dogs Go to Heaven , The Secret of NIMH and An American Tail . It was released on October 7 , 1994 , by Warner Bros. . Family Entertainment . The film grossed $ 71,368 at the North American box office . The film features the voice talents of Dom DeLuise as Stanley , Cloris Leachman as Queen Gnorga , Charles Nelson Reilly as King Llort , Phillip Glasser as Gus , Tawny Sunshine Glover as Rosie , Hayley Mills as Hilary and Jonathan Pryce as Alan . It is the last Don Bluth film to star Dom DeLuise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05133102cc2fd0db8aa29845de3fcf71", "text": "Walking Tall (TV series) Walking Tall is an American television drama series that ran on NBC in 1981 for one season of seven episodes . The first 5 episodes aired Saturday nights at 9:00 p.m. ( opposite the ABC series The Love Boat ) . The last 2 episodes aired Tuesday nights at 10:00 p.m. ( opposite ABC 's Hart to Hart ) . NBC reran all 7 episodes from April -- June 1981 . This one-hour show was a continuation of the 1973 film Walking Tall , which was based on the life of McNairy County Sheriff Buford Pusser . In this series , Pusser is the sheriff of the fictionalized McNeal County , Tennessee , fighting criminals each week in 1969 . Bo Svenson played Pusser , whom he had played before in Walking Tall Part 2 ( 1975 ) and Walking Tall : Final Chapter ( 1977 ) . ( Brian Dennehy played Pusser in A Real American Hero in 1978 on CBS ) . The rest of the cast included : Walter Barnes as Carl Pusser Harold Sylvester as Deputy Aaron Fairfax Courtney Pledger as Deputy Joan Litton Jeff Lester as Deputy Grady Spooner Heather McAdam as Dwanna Pusser Rad Daly as Michael Pusser L.Q. Jones appeared in one segment as John Witter , Pusser 's long-time nemesis . Guest stars included Robert Englund , William Windom , Chuck Connors , Merlin Olsen , Ralph Bellamy , Gail Strickland , James MacArthur , and Art Hindle . The theme song `` Walking Tall '' was sung by Brad Mercer . At the time , Svenson was the highest-paid actor in a television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad27cb1290204b901ec2625cf762daa5", "text": "Hamish Purdy Hamish Purdy ( born in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada ) is a Canadian art director and set decorator . He attended UVic and UBC before making the move into film and TV . Purdy has worked on several well-known films , including Man of Steel in 2013 , Watchmen in 2009 and Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011 . When interviewed about his work , he claims that he takes inspiration from other excellent set designs , as well as when he successfully completes a piece of work . He was nominated at the 88th Academy Awards in the category of Best Production Design for his work on the film The Revenant . His nomination was shared with Jack Fisk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ce8c265ac49a1b3b7ac2b910c662f9b", "text": "Molly Pesce Molly Pesce ( Molly Scott ) ( born c. 1963 ) is an American actress . In 1989 she began her acting career as host of the Nickolodeon variety show Total Panic . She is the host of Animal Planet 's Backyard Habitat . She was also one of the co-hosts of the daytime talk show , iVillageLive in its first season in Orlando . Pesce was also Miss Florida in 1986 and competed at Miss America 1987 . She graduated from Lake Brantley High School in Altamonte Springs , Florida , in 1981 , and attended the University of Florida in Gainesville , Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa00980533cb61e695e70b636cfced60", "text": "Zach Weinersmith Zachary Alexander Weinersmith ( born Zachary Alexander Weiner ; March 5 , 1982 ) is an American cartoonist , who is best known for his webcomic Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal ( SMBC ) . He is the author of two other webcomics , the completed Captain Stupendous with artist Chris Jones , and Snowflakes , co-written by James Ashby and also illustrated by Chris Jones . He also founded the sketch comedy group SMBC Theater with James Ashby and Marty Weiner in 2009 . Weinersmith has been involved in writing and drawing comics since his high school years , but he first published on the internet in the late 1990s . His early comics usually had three or more panels , but after 2002 , he switched to drawing predominantly one panel comics . He stated in a 2009 interview that he was glad to have decided to draw one panel comics because he felt three panel webcomics had become a webcomic cliche by that time , and that there were almost no decent one panel comics on the internet . More recently , he has drawn a mixture of single and multi panel comics for SMBC . Weinersmith 's webcomic was recognized in 2006 , and 2007 with the Web Cartoonists ' Choice Award for Outstanding Single Panel Comic , and received nominations in 2003 , and 2008 . He also cohosts the science podcast `` The Weekly Weinersmith '' along with his wife Kelly , a parasitologist , the first episode of which was released on October 5 , 2011 . As of October 2013 the podcast is on hiatus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd00c2508796f885c5928897e79e7863", "text": "The Ugly Truth The Ugly Truth is a 2009 American romantic comedy film starring Katherine Heigl and Gerard Butler . The film was released in North America on July 24 , 2009 by Columbia Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d24a144c7f04156412424f0c54ed639d", "text": "Good Kids Good Kids is an American comedy film written and directed by Chris McCoy , the project McCoy 's first feature-length film . The film stars Nicholas Braun , Zoey Deutch , Mateo Arias , Dayo Okeniyi , Julia Garner , and Ashley Judd . The film was released in a limited release and through video on demand on October 21 , 2016 , by Vertical Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52e9935752f4db8d70fe09381f0fdecc", "text": "The Mighty Ducks The Mighty Ducks is a 1992 American sports comedy-drama film directed by Stephen Herek , starring Emilio Estevez . It was produced by The Kerner Entertainment Company and Avnet -- Kerner Productions and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the first film in the Mighty Ducks trilogy . In the UK , South Africa and Australia , the film was retitled Champions . Subsequently , UK home releases are now titled The Mighty Ducks Are the Champions , reflecting both titles , as well as to possibly avoid confusion with the sequel ( retitled as just The Mighty Ducks ) . The year after the film 's release , an NHL hockey club , named the `` Mighty Ducks '' in reference to the film , was founded in Anaheim , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a1390660200817b1e4b074567bf1255", "text": "The Simpsons Movie The Simpsons Movie is a 2007 American animated comedy film based on the Fox television series The Simpsons . The film was directed by David Silverman , and stars the regular television cast of Dan Castellaneta , Julie Kavner , Nancy Cartwright , Yeardley Smith , Hank Azaria , Harry Shearer , Tress MacNeille , Pamela Hayden , Marcia Wallace , and Russi Taylor with guest appearances by Tom Hanks , Green Day , and Albert Brooks . The film follows Homer Simpson , whose irresponsibility gets the better of him when he pollutes the lake in Springfield after the town has cleaned it up following receipt of a warning from the Environmental Protection Agency . As the townspeople exile him and eventually his family abandons him , Homer works to redeem his folly by stopping Russ Cargill , the fictional head of the EPA , when he intends to destroy Springfield . Previous attempts to create a The Simpsons film failed due to the lack of a script of appropriate length and production crew members . Eventually , producers James L. Brooks , Matt Groening , Al Jean , Richard Sakai , and Mike Scully began development of the film in 2001 . A writing team consisting of Brooks , Groening , Jean , Scully , Ian Maxtone-Graham , George Meyer , David Mirkin , Mike Reiss , Matt Selman , John Swartzwelder , and Jon Vitti was assembled . They conceived numerous plot ideas , with Groening 's being the one developed into a film . The script was re-written over a hundred times , and this creativity continued after the animation had begun in 2006 . This meant hours of finished material was cut , which included cameo roles from Erin Brockovich , Minnie Driver , Isla Fisher , Kelsey Grammer , and Edward Norton . Hanks and Green Day appeared in the final cut as themselves . Tie-in promotions were made with several companies , including Burger King and 7-Eleven , the latter which transformed selected stores into Kwik-E-Marts . The film premiered in Springfield , Vermont , which had won the right to hold it through a competition organized by Fox . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 527 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5136b60205b5eaa03eb62850b52bd6d4", "text": "James Purdum James Purdum ( born April 16 , 1971 ) is an American animation director . Purdum directed several episodes of the animated series Family Guy . He has also served as a director , animation timer and character layout artist for Futurama and The Simpsons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c35fd3c7c56f90b5908ecd43b25f91f", "text": "Travis Tedford Travis William Tedford ( born August 19 , 1988 ) is an American actor . A child actor during the 1990s , he is best known for portraying Our Gang kid Spanky McFarland in the 1994 feature film The Little Rascals and for being the first Welch 's `` advertising-spokeskid '' beginning in 1994 at age 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c7af7f764dcd430f6288eb813736ee8", "text": "Hunx and His Punx Hunx and His Punx is an American punk band from San Francisco , California . Hunx , real name Seth Bogart , started the band in 2008 after years of performing in a gay pop group called Gravy Train !!!! The group 's sound has been compared to girl groups and is a mix of punk and bubblegum music . The band played its first national tour of the United States alongside Jay Reatard and Nobunny in 2009 . The band officially released its debut singles compilation album Gay Singles in 2010 on True Panther Sounds in the US and Born Bad in France . Hunx used to co-own ` Down At Lulu 's ' , a hair salon in Oakland , California , but sold it in 2011 . In January 2010 , Hunx began a tour featuring an all-girl backing band . The new line-up has been identified on the tour and in new songs such as `` Lovers Lane '' as Hunx and His Punkettes . In March 2010 , the band played in a tribute concert for the recently deceased Jay Reatard . In May 2010 , LensCrafters began airing a commercial featuring a short audio clip of `` Gimmie Gimmie Back Your Love . '' In October 2010 , Hunx and His Punx signed to Hardly Art . The band 's debut album for the label , Too Young to Be in Love , was released in April 2011 . It was produced in New York City by Ivan Julian of Richard Hell and The Voidoids . In June 2011 , Hunx announced that they would be playing their last show with the `` Punkettes '' due to Hunx and His Punx guitarists Amy Blaustein and Michelle Santamaria quitting . He then moved to Los Angeles . In February 2012 , Hunx released a solo album titled Hairdresser Blues on Hardly Art . In 2016 , he released his second solo album Seth Bogart under his birth name on Burger , featuring collaborations from Kathleen Hanna and Tavi Gevinson . Hunx and His Punx now consists of Seth Bogart , Shannon Shaw and Erin Emslie . They released Street Punk in 2013 and toured with a new guitarist Nik Johnson . In 2014 they released a greatest hits for their Japan Leg of Street Punk tour . Seth Bogart has since opened his own clothing line called Wacky Wacko that has been seen on some of his idols Miley Cyrus and Kathleen Hanna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26bd26857b5b8e8bcb97f05eb25980d9", "text": "The True History of Puss 'N Boots The True History of Puss 'N Boots is a 2009 French-Belgian-Swiss animated film directed by Jérôme Deschamps , Pascal Herold , and Macha Makeïeff . It is based on Charles Perrault 's story `` Puss in Boots '' about a cat who talks and walks on his hind legs while wearing magical boots . The cat is voiced by Jérôme Deschamps . Other voice performers in the film include Yolande Moreau and André Wilms . The English dub features the voice of William Shatner as Puss 'N Boots .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a4c0843fda364f6573895c1268eb975c	Warren Buffett is an American business magnate.	[ { "docid": "36a1296b8d6134446ff11c8f058da571", "text": "Warren Buffett Warren Edward Buffett ( -LSB- ˈbʌfᵻt -RSB- born August 30 , 1930 ) is an American business magnate , investor , and philanthropist . He is considered by some to be one of the most successful investors in the world , and as of March 2017 is the second wealthiest person in the United States , and the fourth wealthiest in the world , with a total net worth of $ 73.3 billion . Born in Omaha , Buffett developed an interest in business and investing in his youth , eventually entering the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1947 before transferring and graduating from University of Nebraska -- Lincoln . After graduating at 19 , Buffett enrolled at Columbia Business School of Columbia University , learning and eventually creating his investment philosophy around a concept pioneered by Benjamin Graham -- value investing . He attended New York Institute of Finance to specialize his economics background and soon after began various business partnerships , including one with Graham . After meeting Charlie Munger , Buffett created the Buffett Partnership . His firm would eventually acquire a textile manufacturing firm called Berkshire Hathaway and assume its name to create a diversified holding company . Buffett has been the chairman and largest shareholder of Berkshire Hathaway since 1970 , and his business exploits have had him referred to as the `` Wizard '' , `` Oracle '' or `` Sage '' of Omaha by global media outlets . He is noted for his adherence to value investing and for his personal frugality despite his immense wealth . Buffett is a notable philanthropist , having pledged to give away 99 percent of his fortune to philanthropic causes , primarily via the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation . In 2009 , with Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg , Warren founded The Giving Pledge , whereby billionaires pledge to give away at least half of their fortunes . He is also active in contributing to political causes , having endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential election ; he has publicly opposed the policies , actions , and statements of the current U.S. president , Donald Trump .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "f8146a9e7fd4aca78a0b74d3fe10ffed", "text": "American upper class The American upper class is a social group consisting of the people who have the highest social rank and who are usually rich . People of this social class are socioeconomically distinguishable from other classes by its greater influence , power , and wealth . The American upper class is composed of members born into this class , called members of Old money ; as well as those who have acquired their wealth and influence within their own generation , called the Nouveau riche . In a CNBC Millionaire Survey it can be observed that a majority of millionaires polled , representing the wealthiest 10 percent of Americans , described themselves as middle class ( 44 % ) or upper middle class ( 40 % ) . `` The study of attitudes is reasonably easy -LSB- ... -RSB- it 's concluded that for roughly 70 % of the population -- the lower 70 % on the wealth/income scale -- they have no influence on policy whatsoever . They 're effectively disenfranchised . As you move up the wealth/income ladder , you get a little bit more influence on policy . When you get to the top , which is maybe a tenth of one percent , people essentially get what they want , i.e. they determine the policy . So the proper term for that is not democracy ; it 's plutocracy . '' -- Noam Chomsky . Many Politicians , heirs to fortunes , top business executives , CEOs , successful venture capitalists , those born into high society , and some celebrities may be considered members of this class . Some prominent and high-rung professionals may also be included if they attain great influence and wealth . The main distinguishing feature of this class , which is estimated to constitute roughly 1 % of the population , is the source of income . While the vast majority of people and households derive their income from wages or salaries , those in the upper class derive their income from investments and capital gains . Estimates for the size of this group commonly vary from 1 % to 2 % , while some surveys have indicated that as many as 6 % of Americans identify as `` upper class . '' Sociologist Leonard Beeghley sees wealth as the only significant distinguishing feature of this class and , therefore , refers to this group simply as `` the rich . '' Sociologists such as W. Lloyd Warner , William Thompson and Joseph Hickey recognize prestige differences between members of the upper class . Established families , prominent professionals and politicians may be deemed to have more prestige than some entertainment celebrities who in turn may have more prestige than the members of local elites . Yet , contemporary sociologists argue that all members of the upper class share such great wealth , influence and assets as their main source of income as to be recognized as members of the same social class . As great financial fortune is the main distinguishing feature of this class , sociologist Leonard Beeghley at the University of Florida identifies all `` rich '' households , those with incomes in the top 1 % or so , as upper class . In 1998 , Bob Herbert of The New York Times referred to modern American plutocrats as `` The Donor Class '' ( list of top donors ) and defined the class , for the first time , as `` a tiny group -- just one-quarter of 1 percent of the population -- and it is not representative of the rest of the nation . But its money buys plenty of access . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e2273fc75ab0f2c1757822e6e91cf58", "text": "T. Boone Pickens Thomas Boone Pickens , Jr. ( born May 22 , 1928 ) , known as T. Boone Pickens , is an American business magnate and financier . Pickens chairs the hedge fund BP Capital Management . He was a well-known takeover operator and corporate raider during the 1980s . As of November , 2016 , Pickens has a net worth of $ 500 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bdb72541d4442cc1b6b897622f69e6c", "text": "Customer satisfaction Customer satisfaction ( often abbreviated as CSAT , more correctly CSat ) is a term frequently used in marketing . It is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation . Customer satisfaction is defined as `` the number of customers , or percentage of total customers , whose reported experience with a firm , its products , or its services ( ratings ) exceeds specified satisfaction goals . '' The Marketing Accountability Standards Board ( MASB ) endorses the definitions , purposes , and constructs of classes of measures that appear in Marketing Metrics as part of its ongoing Common Language in Marketing Project . In a survey of nearly 200 senior marketing managers , 71 percent responded that they found a customer satisfaction metric very useful in managing and monitoring their businesses . It is seen as a key performance indicator within business and is often part of a Balanced Scorecard . In a competitive marketplace where businesses compete for customers , customer satisfaction is seen as a key differentiator and increasingly has become a key element of business strategy . `` Within organizations , customer satisfaction ratings can have powerful effects . They focus employees on the importance of fulfilling customers ' expectations . Furthermore , when these ratings dip , they warn of problems that can affect sales and profitability ... . These metrics quantify an important dynamic . When a brand has loyal customers , it gains positive word-of-mouth marketing , which is both free and highly effective . '' Firms need reliable and representative measures of satisfaction to effectively manage customer satisfaction . `` In researching satisfaction , firms generally ask customers whether their product or service has met or exceeded expectations . Thus , expectations are a key factor behind satisfaction . When customers have high expectations and the reality falls short , they will be disappointed and will likely rate their experience as less than satisfying . For this reason , a luxury resort , for example , might receive a lower satisfaction rating than a budget motel -- even though its facilities and service would be deemed superior in ` absolute ' terms . '' The importance of customer satisfaction diminishes when a firm has increased bargaining power . For example , cell phone plan providers , such as AT&T and Verizon , participate in an industry that is an oligopoly , where only a few suppliers of a certain product or service exist . As such , many cell phone plan contracts have a lot of fine print with provisions that they would never get away if there were , say , 100 cell phone plan providers , because customer satisfaction would be far too low , and customers would easily have the option of leaving for a better contract offer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab021b0e7b46794230da6ebc16f28090", "text": "Wells Fargo account fraud scandal The Wells Fargo account fraud scandal is an ongoing controversy brought about by the creation of millions of fraudulent savings and checking accounts on behalf of Wells Fargo clients without their consent . Various regulatory bodies , including the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau fined the company a combined $ 185 million dollars as a result of the illegal activity , and the company faced criminal and civil suits as well . Wells Fargo clients began to notice the fraud after being charged unanticipated fees and receiving unexpected credit or debit cards or lines of credit . Initial reports blamed individual Wells Fargo branch workers and managers for the problem , and sales incentives associated with selling multiple `` solutions '' or financial products . This blame was later shifted to a top-down pressure from higher-level management to open as many accounts as possible through cross-selling . The bank took relatively few risks in the years leading up to the 2008 Financial Crisis , which led to an image of stability on Wall Street and in the financial world , which was tarnished by the widespread fraud perpetrated by the company and subsequent coverage . The controversy resulted in the resignation of CEO John Stumpf , and an investigation into the bank led by U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f609b4780542a5040cba139dd4f6df2", "text": "Managerialism Managerialism is a belief in the value of professional managers and of the concepts and methods they use . Contemporary management writers such as Thomas Diefenbach associate managerialism with hierarchy . But managerialism is also linked to control , accountability and measurement , and an ideologically determined belief in the importance of tightly managed organizations , as opposed to individuals , or to groups that do not resemble an organization . Following Enteman 's classic on Managerialism : The Emergence of a New Ideology ( 1993 ) , American management experts Robert Locke and J C Spender see managerialism as an expression of a special group -- management -- that entrenches itself ruthlessly and systemically in an organization . It deprives owners of decision-making power and workers of their ability to resist managerialism . In fact the rise of managerialism may in itself be a response to people 's resistance in society and more specific workers ' opposition against managerial regimes . Building on Enteman ( 1993 ) and Locke/Spender ( 2011 ) the most up-to-date definition of Managerialism has been delivered by Thomas Klikauer in `` Managerialism -- Critique of an Ideology '' ( 2013 ) defining Managerialism as '' -LSB- ... -RSB- Managerialism combines management knowledge and ideology to establish itself systemically in organisations and society while depriving owners , employees ( organisational-economical ) and civil society ( social-political ) of all decision-making powers . Managerialism justifies the application of managerial techniques to all areas of society on the grounds of superior ideology , expert training , and the exclusive possession of managerial knowledge necessary to efficiently run corporations and societies . '' As Fayol 's and Taylor 's simple management mutated into managerialism , managerialism became a full-fledged ideology under the following formula : Management + Ideology + Expansion = Managerialism Two examples of the extension of management into the non-management domain -- the not for profit sphere of human existence -- are public schools and universities . In both cases , managerialism occurs when public institutions are run `` as if '' these were for-profit organization even though they remain government institutions funded through state taxes . In these cases , the term new public management has been used . But the ideology of managerialism can even extend into more distant institutions such as , for example , a College of Physicians . At a time when much of this started Albert A. Anderson summarized managerialism as the ideological principle that sees societies as equivalent to the sum of the decisions and transactions made by the managements of organizations . This carries connotations to the Historian James Hoopes wrote ( 2003 ) : '' -LSB- ... -RSB- the main genesis of managerialism lay in the human relations movement that took root at the Harvard Business School in the 1920s and 1930s under the guiding hand of Professor Elton Mayo . Mayo , an immigrant from Australia , saw democracy as divisive and lacking in community spirit . He looked to corporate managers to restore the social harmony that he believed the uprooting experiences of immigration and industrialization had destroyed and that democracy was incapable of repairing . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "127620115336d4516552e80c7708f1b1", "text": "Business valuation Business valuation is a process and a set of procedures used to estimate the economic value of an owner 's interest in a business . Valuation is used by financial market participants to determine the price they are willing to pay or receive to affect a sale of a business . In addition to estimating the selling price of a business , the same valuation tools are often used by business appraisers to resolve disputes related to estate and gift taxation , divorce litigation , allocate business purchase price among business assets , establish a formula for estimating the value of partners ' ownership interest for buy-sell agreements , and many other business and legal purposes such as in shareholders deadlock , divorce litigation and estate contest . In some cases , the court would appoint a forensic accountant as the joint expert doing the business valuation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a6f98dda8e83d84c67cc7f0a7f384e3", "text": "Ponzi scheme A Ponzi scheme ( -LSB- ˈpɒn.zi -RSB- also a Ponzi game ) is a fraudulent investment operation where the operator , an individual or organization , pays returns to its investors from new capital paid to the operators by new investors , rather than from profit earned through legitimate investments or business activities . Operators of Ponzi schemes usually entice new investors by offering higher returns than other investments , in the form of short-term returns that are either abnormally high or unusually consistent . Ponzi schemes occasionally begin as legitimate businesses , until the business fails to achieve the returns expected . The business becomes a Ponzi scheme if it then continues to operate under fraudulent terms . Whatever the initial situation , the perpetuation of the high returns requires an ever-increasing flow of money from new investors to sustain the scheme . The scheme is named after Charles Ponzi , who became notorious for using the technique in the 1920s . The idea , present in novels ( for example , Charles Dickens ' 1844 novel Martin Chuzzlewit and 1857 novel Little Dorrit each described such a scheme ) , was actually performed in real life by Ponzi with his operation which took in so much money that it was the first to become known throughout the United States . Ponzi 's original scheme was based on the arbitrage of international reply coupons for postage stamps ; however , he soon diverted investors ' money to make payments to earlier investors and himself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95ff6edca830fe3ff9bc2786dfe0c03", "text": "Baby boomers Baby boomers are the demographic cohort following the Silent Generation . There are no precise dates when the cohort birth years start and end . Typically , they range from the early-to-mid 1940s and end from 1960 to 1964 . Increased birth rates were observed during the post -- World War II baby boom making the baby boomers a relatively large demographic cohort . The term `` baby boomer '' is also used in a cultural context , so it is difficult to achieve broad consensus of a precise date definition . Different people , organizations , and scholars have varying opinions on who is a baby boomer , both technically and culturally . Ascribing universal attributes to such a generation is difficult , and some believe it is inherently impossible , but many have attempted to determine their cultural similarities and historical impact , and the term has thus gained widespread popular usage . Baby boomers are associated with a rejection or redefinition of traditional values . Many commentators , however , have disputed the extent of that rejection , noting the widespread continuity of values with older and younger generations . In Europe and North America , boomers are widely associated with privilege , as many grew up in a time of widespread government subsidies in post-war housing and education , and increasing affluence . As a group , baby boomers were the wealthiest , most active , and most physically fit generation up to the era in which they arrived , and were amongst the first to grow up genuinely expecting the world to improve with time . They were also the generation that received peak levels of income ; they could therefore reap the benefits of abundant levels of food , apparel , retirement programs , and sometimes even `` midlife crisis '' products . The increased consumerism for this generation has been regularly criticized as excessive . One feature of the boomers was that they have tended to think of themselves as a special generation , very different from those that had come before . In the 1960s , as the relatively large numbers of young people became teenagers and young adults , they , and those around them , created a very specific rhetoric around their cohort , and the changes they were bringing about . This rhetoric had an important impact in the self perceptions of the boomers , as well as their tendency to define the world in terms of generations , which was a relatively new phenomenon . The baby boom has been described variously as a `` shockwave '' and as `` the pig in the python . '' The term `` Generation Jones '' is sometimes used to describe those born between 1954 and 1965 . The term is typically used to refer to the later years of the Baby boomer cohort ( 1954-1960 ) and the early years of Generation X ( 1961-1965 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6011950894d9a9e522a35aaf2513f429", "text": "American Capitalism American Capitalism - The Concept of Countervailing Power is a book by John Kenneth Galbraith , written in 1952 . It contains a critique of the view that markets , left to their own devices , will provide socially optimal solutions . Galbraith agrees with F. A. Hayek as far as the assertion goes that `` the price system will fulfil -LSB- its -RSB- function only if competition prevails , that is , if the individual producer has to adapt to price changes and can not control them . '' The book presents Galbraith 's account of the inter-relationship between politics and economics which for Galbraith is based on a theory of competition guiding a capitalistic democratic society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a9a3543824938c41016e99a530fc298", "text": "Executive compensation Executive compensation or executive pay is composed of the financial compensation and other non-financial awards received by an executive from their firm for their service to the organization . It is typically a mixture of salary , bonuses , shares of or call options on the company stock , benefits , and perquisites , ideally configured to take into account government regulations , tax law , the desires of the organization and the executive , and rewards for performance . The three decades starting with the 1980s , saw a dramatic rise in executive pay relative to that of an average worker 's wage in the United States , and to a lesser extent in a number of other countries . Observers differ as to whether this rise is a natural and beneficial result of competition for scarce business talent that can add greatly to stockholder value in large companies , or a socially harmful phenomenon brought about by social and political changes that have given executives greater control over their own pay . Recent studies have indicated that executive compensation should be better aligned with social goals ( e.g. public health goals ) . Executive pay is an important part of corporate governance , and is often determined by a company 's board of directors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "135f8e54cde688b6c9329b8fdd87fab4", "text": "Capital budgeting Capital budgeting , or investment appraisal , is the planning process used to determine whether an organization 's long term investments such as new machinery , replacement of machinery , new plants , new products , and research development projects are worth the funding of cash through the firm 's capitalization structure ( debt , equity or retained earnings ) . It is the process of allocating resources for major capital , or investment , expenditures . One of the primary goals of capital budgeting investments is to increase the value of the firm to the shareholders . Many formal methods are used in capital budgeting , including the techniques such as Accounting rate of return Average accounting return Payback period Net present value Profitability index Internal rate of return Modified internal rate of return Equivalent annual cost Real options valuation These methods use the incremental cash flows from each potential investment , or project . Techniques based on accounting earnings and accounting rules are sometimes used - though economists consider this to be improper - such as the accounting rate of return , and `` return on investment . '' Simplified and hybrid methods are used as well , such as payback period and discounted payback period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64bdbcafbe9e8cc755d57c029ccc70d4", "text": "Lehman Brothers Treasury Lehman Brothers Treasury Co. . B.V. ( `` LBT '' ) is a private company with limited liability ( besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid ) incorporated under Dutch law with its registered office in Amsterdam , the Netherlands . LBT is a fully owned subsidiary of Lehman Brothers UK Holdings ( Delaware ) Inc. , which company is fully owned by Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. ( `` LBH '' ) . On 15 September 2008 LBH filed a petition in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York seeking relief under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code . On 19 September 2008 the Amsterdam District Court granted LBT provisional suspension of payment ( voorlopige surseance van betaling ) . On 8 October 2008 at 18.56 hours the Amsterdam District Court has revoked the provisional suspension of payment and declared LBT bankrupt ( in staat van faillissement ) with the appointment of Rutger Schimmelpenninck as bankruptcy trustee ( curator ) . Source : The official website of the bankruptcy trustee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50934834eb7f952a4243d77a1c96ee21", "text": "Companies law Company law ( or the law of business associations ) is the field of law concerning companies and other business organizations . This includes corporations , partnerships and other associations which usually carry on some form of economic or charitable activity . The most prominent kind of company , usually referred to as a `` corporation '' , is a `` juristic person '' , i.e. it has separate legal personality , and those who invest money into the business have limited liability for any losses the company makes , governed by corporate law . The largest companies are usually publicly listed on stock exchanges around the world . Even single individuals , also known as sole traders may incorporate themselves and limit their liability in order to carry on a business . All different forms of companies depend on the particular law of the particular country in which they reside . The law of business organizations originally derived from the common law of England , but has evolved significantly in the 20th century . In common law countries today , the most commonly addressed forms are : Corporation Limited company Unlimited company Limited liability partnership Limited partnership Not-for-profit corporation Company limited by guarantee Partnership Sole Proprietorship The proprietary limited company is a statutory business form in several countries , including Australia . Many countries have forms of business entity unique to that country , although there are equivalents elsewhere . Examples are the limited liability company ( LLC ) and the limited liability limited partnership ( LLLP ) in the United States . Other types of business organizations , such as cooperatives , credit unions and publicly owned enterprises , can be established with purposes that parallel , supersede , or even replace the profit maximization mandate of business corporations . For a country-by-country listing of officially recognized forms of business organization , see Types of business entity . There are various types of company that can be formed in different jurisdictions , but the most common forms of company are : a company limited by guarantee . Commonly used where companies are formed for non-commercial purposes , such as clubs or charities . The members guarantee the payment of certain ( usually nominal ) amounts if the company goes into insolvent liquidation , but otherwise they have no economic rights in relation to the company . a company limited by guarantee with a share capital . A hybrid entity , usually used where the company is formed for non-commercial purposes , but the activities of the company are partly funded by investors who expect a return . a company limited by shares . The most common form of company used for business ventures . an unlimited company either with or without a share capital . This is a hybrid company , a company similar to its limited company ( Ltd. ) counterpart but where the members or shareholders do not benefit from limited liability should the company ever go into formal liquidation . There are , however , many specific categories of corporations and other business organizations which may be formed in various countries and jurisdictions throughout the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56229296de0832698c66a774f3a2427e", "text": "Robber baron (industrialist) `` Robber baron '' is a derogatory metaphor of social criticism originally applied to certain late 19th-century American businessmen who used unscrupulous methods to get rich .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "129e9cf5d678fe17d3d655e57e026899", "text": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism . During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security . A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed . Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106ba8848ef57c0ce9165d43b20d3771", "text": "Joint-stock company A joint-stock company is a business entity in which different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders . Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion , evidenced by their shares ( certificates of ownership ) . That allows for the unequal ownership of a business with some shareholders owning more of a company than others . Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the continued existence of the company . In modern-day corporate law , the existence of a joint-stock company is often synonymous with incorporation ( possession of legal personality separate from shareholders ) and limited liability ( shareholders are liable for the company 's debts only to the value of the money they invested in the company ) . Therefore , joint-stock companies are commonly known as corporations or limited companies . Some jurisdictions still provide the possibility of registering joint-stock companies without limited liability . In the United Kingdom and other countries that have adopted its model of company law , they are known as unlimited companies . In the United States , they are known simply as joint-stock companies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc3d762b657a1c7dd9c0faff61bda04e", "text": "Mergers and acquisitions Mergers and acquisitions ( M&A ) are transactions in which the ownership of companies , other business organizations or their operating units are transferred or combined . As an aspect of strategic management , M&A can allow enterprises to grow , shrink , and change the nature of their business or competitive position . From a legal point of view , a merger is a legal consolidation of two entities into one entity , whereas an acquisition occurs when one entity takes ownership of another entity 's stock , equity interests or assets . From a commercial and economic point of view , both types of transactions generally result in the consolidation of assets and liabilities under one entity , and the distinction between a `` merger '' and an `` acquisition '' is less clear . A transaction legally structured as an acquisition may have the effect of placing one party 's business under the indirect ownership of the other party 's shareholders , while a transaction legally structured as a merger may give each party 's shareholders partial ownership and control of the combined enterprise . A deal may be euphemistically called a `` merger of equals '' if both CEOs agree that joining together is in the best interest of both of their companies , while when the deal is unfriendly ( that is , when the management of the target company opposes the deal ) it may be regarded as an `` acquisition '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86db7916ec5e0b779b052a095c9a67d1", "text": "Bias ratio The bias ratio is an indicator used in finance to analyze the returns of investment portfolios , and in performing due diligence . The bias ratio is a concrete metric that detects valuation bias or deliberate price manipulation of portfolio assets by a manager of a hedge fund , mutual fund or similar investment vehicle , without requiring disclosure ( transparency ) of the actual holdings . This metric measures abnormalities in the distribution of returns that indicate the presence of bias in subjective pricing . The formulation of the Bias Ratio stems from an insight into the behavior of asset managers as they address the expectations of investors with the valuation of assets that determine their performance . The bias ratio measures how far the returns from an investment portfolio -- e.g. one managed by a hedge fund -- are from an unbiased distribution . Thus the bias ratio of a pure equity index will usually be close to 1 . However , if a fund smooths its returns using subjective pricing of illiquid assets the bias ratio will be higher . As such , it can help identify the presence of illiquid securities where they are not expected . The bias ratio was first defined by Adil Abdulali , a risk manager at the investment firm Protégé Partners . The Concepts behind the Bias Ratio were formulated between 2001 and 2003 and privately used to screen money managers . The first public discussions on the subject took place in 2004 at New York University 's Courant Institute and in 2006 at Columbia University . In 2006 , the Bias Ratio was published in a letter to Investors and made available to the public by Riskdata , a risk management solution provider , that included it in its standard suite of analytics . The Bias Ratio has since been used by a number of Risk Management professionals to spot suspicious funds that subsequently turned out to be frauds . The most spectacular example of this was reported in the Financial Times on 22 January 2009 titled `` Bias ratio seen to unmask Madoff '' !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e7c7a61d731ee0175e251e3e9714e7d", "text": "Race and intelligence The connection between race and intelligence has been a subject of debate in both popular science and academic research since the inception of IQ testing in the early 20th century . The debate concerns the interpretation of research findings that test takers identifying as White tend on average to score higher than test takers of African ancestry on IQ tests , and subsequent findings that test takers of East Asian background tend to score higher than whites . The first test showing differences in IQ test results between different population groups in the US was the tests of United States Army recruits in World War I . In the 1920s groups of eugenics lobbyists argued that this demonstrated that African-Americans and certain immigrant groups were of inferior intellect to Anglo-Saxon whites due to innate biological differences , using this as an argument for policies of racial segregation . Soon , other studies appeared , contesting these conclusions and arguing instead that the Army tests had not adequately controlled for the environmental factors such as socio-economic and educational inequality between African-Americans and Whites . The debate reemerged again in 1969 , when Arthur Jensen championed the view that for genetic reasons Africans were less intelligent than whites and that compensatory education for African-American children was therefore doomed to be ineffective . In 1994 , the book The Bell Curve argued that social inequality in the United States could largely be explained as a result of IQ differences between races and individuals rather than being their cause , and rekindled the public and scholarly debate with renewed force . During the debates following the book 's publication the American Anthropological Association and the American Psychological Association ( APA ) published official statements regarding the issue , both highly skeptical of some of the book 's claims , although the APA report called for more empirical research on the issue . In subsequent decades much research has been published about the relationships between hereditary influences on IQ , group differences in intelligence , race , environmental influences on IQ . Particularly contentious in the ongoing debate has been the definition of both the concept `` race '' and the concept `` intelligence '' , and especially whether they can in fact be objectively defined and operationalized .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64f8ca22e466891299e3771af8f6f99e", "text": "Capital Group Companies Capital Group is an American financial services company , it ranks among the world 's oldest and largest investment management organizations , with $ 1.39 trillion in assets under management . Founded in Los Angeles , California in 1931 , it is privately held and has offices around the globe in the Americas , Asia , Australia and Europe . Capital offers a range of products , including more than 40 mutual funds through its subsidiary , American Funds , as well as separately managed accounts ( or collective investment trusts ) , private equity , investment services for high net worth investors in the U.S. , and a range of other offerings for institutional clients and individual investors globally .", "title": "" } ]	fever
24334e07d1f218801a69e56386ec2861	Muhammad was born in the Arabian city of Mecca in 570CE.	[ { "docid": "26e16f39a8cb30451b151a8cd816f91a", "text": "Muhammad Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd AllāhFull name : Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim ( ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم , lit : Father of Qasim Muhammad son of Abd Allah son of Abdul-Muttalib son of Hashim ) ( محمد -LSB- muħammad -RSB- ; Classical Arabic pronunciation c. 570 CE -- 8 June 632 CE ) is the prophet of Islam and widely identified as its founder by non-Muslims . According to Islamic doctrine , he was God 's Messenger ( rasūl Allāh ) sent to confirm the essential teachings of monotheism preached previously by Adam , Abraham , Moses , Jesus , and other prophets . He is viewed as the final prophet of God in primary branches of Islam , though some modern denominations diverge from this belief.The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community considers Muhammad to be the `` Seal of the Prophets '' ( Khātam an-Nabiyyīn ) and the last law-bearing Prophet but not the last Prophet . See : There are also smaller sects which believe Muhammad to be not the last Prophet : The Nation of Islam considers Elijah Muhammad to be a prophet ( source : African American Religious Leaders -- p. 76 , Jim Haskins , Kathleen Benson -- 2008 ) . United Submitters International consider Rashad Khalifa to be a prophet . ( Source : Daniel Pipes , Miniatures : Views of Islamic and Middle Eastern Politics , p. 98 ( 2004 ) ) Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity and ensured that his teachings , practices , and the Quran , formed the basis of Islamic religious belief . Born approximately 570CE ( Year of the Elephant ) in the Arabian city of Mecca , Muhammad was orphaned at an early age ; he was raised under the care of his paternal uncle Abu Talib . Periodically , he would seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer ; later , at age 40 , he reported being visited by Gabriel in the cave , where he stated he received his first revelation from God . Three years later , in 610 , Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly , proclaiming that `` God is One '' , that complete `` surrender '' ( lit . islām ) to him is the right course of action ( dīn ) , and that he was a prophet and messenger of God , similar to the other prophets in Islam . Muhammad gained few early followers , and met hostility from some Meccan tribes . To escape persecution , Muhammad sent some followers to Abyssinia before he and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina ( then known as Yathrib ) in the year 622 . This event , the Hijra , marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar , also known as the Hijri Calendar . In Medina , Muhammad united the tribes under the Constitution of Medina . In December 629 , after eight years of intermittent conflict with Meccan tribes , Muhammad gathered an army of 10,000 Muslim converts and marched on the city of Mecca . The attack went largely uncontested and Muhammad seized the city with little bloodshed . In 632 , a few months after returning from the Farewell Pilgrimage , he fell ill and died . Before his death , most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam . The revelations ( each known as Ayah , lit . `` Sign -LSB- of God -RSB- '' ) , which Muhammad reported receiving until his death , form the verses of the Quran , regarded by Muslims as the `` Word of God '' and around which the religion is based . Besides the Quran , Muhammad 's teachings and practices ( sunnah ) , found in the Hadith and sira literature , are also upheld by Muslims and used as sources of Islamic law ( see Sharia ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "4a58af3cccf784df073414f1aee42607", "text": "Hejaz The Hejaz , also Al-Hijaz ( اَلْـحِـجَـاز , , literally `` the Barrier '' ) , is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia . The region is so called as it separates the land of the Najd in the east from the land of Tihamah in the west . It is also known as the `` Western Province . '' It is bordered on the west by the Red Sea , on the north by Jordan , on the east by the Najd , and on the south by ` Asir Region . Its main city is Jeddah , but it is probably better known for the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina . As the site of Islam 's holiest places , the Hejaz has significance in the Arab and Islamic historical and political landscape . Historically , the Hejaz has always seen itself as separate from the rest of Saudi Arabia . The Hejaz is the most populated region in Saudi Arabia ; 35 % of all Saudis live in Hejaz . Hejazi Arabic is the most widely spoken dialect in the region . Saudi Hejazis are of ethnically diverse origins . The Hejaz is the most cosmopolitan region in the Arabian Peninsula . People of Hejaz have the most strongly articulated identity of any regional grouping in Saudi Arabia . Their place of origin alienates them from the Saudi state , which invokes different narratives of the history of the Arabian Peninsula . Thus , Hejazis experienced tensions with people of Najd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e1f86ae52130d5483bb674a70f3c73d", "text": "Islam in Asia Islam began in Asia in the 7th century during the lifetime of Muhammad . A number of adherents of Islam have lived in Asia & specially West Asia and South Asia since the beginning of Islamic history . Islam is said to have arrived in Manipur ( Northeast India ) in 615 AD via Chittagong which is part of present-day Bangladesh 's coast in the age of silk route ( both onland and by sea ) trades when Sa ` d ibn Abi Waqqas ( b.594-d .674 AD ) and others namely Uwais al-Qarni ( 594-657 ) , Khunais ibn Hudhaifa , Saeed ibn Zaid , Wahb Abu Kabcha , Jahsh and Jafar ibn Abu Talib preached there . The Barmakid family was an early supporter of the Abbasid Revolution against the Umayyads and of As-Saffah . This gave Khalid ibn Barmak considerable influence , and his son Yaḥyā ibn Khālid ( d. 806 ) was the vizier of the caliph al-Mahdi ( ruled 775 -- 785 ) and tutor of Hārūn ar-Rashīd ( ruled 786-809 ) . Yaḥyā 's sons al-Faḍl and Ja ` far ( 767-803 ) both occupied high offices under Harun . Many Barmakids were patrons of the sciences , which greatly helped the propagation of Indian science and scholarship from the neighbouring Academy of Gundishapur into the Arabic world . They patronized scholars such as Gebir and Jabril ibn Bukhtishu . They are also credited with the establishment of the first paper mill in Baghdad . The power of the Barmakids in those times is reflected in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights ; the vizier Ja ` far appears in several stories , as well as a tale that gave rise to the expression `` Barmecide feast '' . Many of the early governors of the Caliphate were Barmakids . Khalid ibn Barmak built Mansura , Sindh and later Baghdad . His son was the governor of what is now Azerbaijan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3055a3ee0e9a3c478675e2aabd192dac", "text": "Al-Baqi Jannat al-Baqi ` ( -LSB- جنة البقيع , Jannat al-Baqī ` , lit = Garden of Baqi -RSB- ) is a cemetery in Medina , present-day Saudi Arabia , located to the southeast of the Masjid al-Nabawi ( The Prophet 's Mosque ) . The mosque is built where the Islamic prophet Muhammad used to live , and is currently buried . It is also known as Baqi al-Gharqad , which means `` Baqi of the Boxthorn '' . The cemetery holds much significance . It contains many of Muhammad 's relatives and companions . Many traditions relate Muhammad issuing a prayer every time he passed it . A Jewish graveyard was once located behind Jannat al-Baqi . The Umayyad rulers took down the wall of the Jewish cemetery and widened the Muslim graveyard to enclose the tomb of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan within it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8274a197d3ccbad6d1ef27d4a681999", "text": "Divisions of the world in Islam The Arabic singular form dar , translated literally , may mean `` house '' , `` abode '' , `` structure '' , `` place '' , `` land '' , or `` country '' . In Islamic jurisprudence it often refers to a part of the world . The notions of `` houses '' or `` divisions '' of the world in Islam such as Dar al-Islam and Dar al-Harb does not appear in the Quran or the Hadith . According to Abou El Fadl , the only dar the Qur ` an speaks of are `` the abode of the Hereafter and the abode of the earthly life , with the former described as clearly superior to the latter '' . In classical Islamic law , the major division are dar al-islam ( lit . territory of Islam ) , denoting regions where Islamic law prevails , dar al-sulh ( lit . territory of treaty ) denoting non-Islamic lands which have concluded an armistice with a Muslim government , and dar al-harb ( lit . territory of war ) , denoting adjoining non-Islamic lands whose rulers are called upon to accept Islam . Early Islamic jurists devised these terms to denote legal rulings for ongoing Muslim conquests almost a century after Muhammad . The first use of the terms was in Iraq by Abu Hanifa and his disciples Abu Yusuf and Al-Shaybani . Among those in the Levant , Al-Awza ' i was leading in this discipline and later Shafi'i . The concept of dar al-harb has been affected by the political fragmentation of the Muslim world and has little significance today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "169897f0cac6f5eb3a0b1bd0d860235f", "text": "Shuraih Al-Qadhi Shuraih ibn al-Hârith ibn Qays ibn al-Jahm al-Kindî accepted Islam in Yemen during the lifetime of Muhammad though he never met him . During the reign of Abû Bakr al-Siddîq , he relocated to Kufah in Iraq . `` Umar appointed him to be the judge of Kufah and he was very young at the time . Abû Nu`aym relates from Umm Dâwûd al-Wâbishiyyah that `` people took their disputes before Shuraih at a time when he still had no beard . '' It is said that he spent sixty years in that office . He also served as judge in Basra for a year . He succeeded Abdullah ibn Masood as the Qadi of Kufa . He was well known throughout the country for his intelligence and keen sense of judgment . He was regarded as a model judge . Ali used to call him iiAqd-ul-Arabi , that is the most judicious of all the judges of Arabia . Shuraih was known for his extensive knowledge of Islamic law and respected for his good judgment . The caliphs showed deference to him . Caliph Mu ` âwiyah then transferred him to Damascus . On account of this , Shuraih became known as `` the Judge of the Two Great Cities '' . He retired from office only a year before his death , and he is supposed to have lived to the age of 108 or 110 . It is related that , `` Alî assembled the people in the public square , saying : ' I am going to leave you , so assemble in the public square . ' The people came and began to petition him with their questions until they were finished and no one remained but Shuraih , who sat upon his knees and began to ask him . ` Alî said : `` Go , for indeed you are the most knowledgeable of Arabs in matters of judicial verdicts . '' -LSB- Hilyah al-Awliyâ ' ( 4/134 ) -RSB- Once a woman came to ` Alî with a case against her husband in a matter of divorce . After she presented her case to him , ` Alî turned to Shuraih and said : `` Judge between them . '' Shuraih said : `` O Commander of the Faithful ! ( Should I presume to do so ) while you are right here ? '' ` Alî repeated : `` Judge between them . '' Shurayh was renowned for his impeccable sense of justice and for holding all people equal before the law . About Shuraih 's appointment as a judge , it is related that Umar purchased a horse on approval , and gave it to somebody to try it . The horse got hurt in the ride , and Umar wanted to return it , but the owner refused to take it back . In the dispute that arose as a consequence , Shuraih was chosen as the arbitrator . He gave the verdict that if the horse was ridden with the permission of the owner it could be returned ; otherwise not . Umar said that that was the right decision and at once appointed Shuraih as the Qadi of Kufa . Another well known incidence records Ali 's shield being stolen . Ali recognised his shield when he saw it in the possession of a Jew . He instituted a claim in the court of Qadhi Shuraih who asked that Ali produce his witnesses to prove his claim . Ali presented his son and then his emancipated slave . According to Qadhi Shuraih the testimony of a son in favour of his father or an emancipated slave was not admissible , hence he ordered Ali to present another witness . When Ali was unable to do so , Qadhi Shuraih dismissed his original claim to the shield . Ali , the caliph of the time , emerged from the court cheerfully . On seeing this high degree of justice where the leader of the Muslim world could lose a case in the face of a just ruling , the Jew recited the Muslim testification of faith embraced Islam . He later presented the shield to Ali saying that he did indeed steal the shield and that it did belonged to him . Ali responded : `` I have made it a gift for you '' . Thereafter the Jew remained perpetually in the company of Ali and was martyred in the battle of Siffeen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dccb3fb8eff35a07f2264787bbc2eb3d", "text": "Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib Abū Ṭālib ibn ` Abd al-Muṭṭalib , née ` Imran عِـمـران ) or ` Abd Manaf , was the leader of Banu Hashim , a clan of the Qurayshi tribe of Mecca in the Hijaz , Arabian Peninsula . After the death of his father ` Abd al-Muttalib , he inherited this position and the offices of Siqaya and Rifada . He was well respected in Mecca despite a declining fortune . Abu Talib was an uncle of the Islamic Nabi ( نَـبِي , Prophet ) Muhammad , and father of the Rashid Caliph ` Ali , who is also regarded as the first Shi'ite Imam . There is a great debate among Muslim scholars on whether he died a Muslim or a non-Muslim . .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07c63a63a5d9bf44e0a4b2fc277fe833", "text": "Historiography of early Islam The historiography of early Islam refers to the study of the early history of Islam during the 7th century , from Muhammad 's first revelations in AD 610 until the disintegration of the Rashidun Caliphate in AD 661 , and arguably throughout the 8th century and the duration of the Umayyad Caliphate , terminating in the incipient Islamic Golden Age around the beginning of the 9th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10dfaad496403db2cc2a0d0be58a2ca0", "text": "Moses in Islam Mûsâ al ibn Amram ( -LSB- ٰمُوسَى , Mūsa -RSB- ) known as Moses in the Hebrew Bible , considered a prophet , messenger , and leader in Islam , is the most frequently mentioned individual in the Quran . In Islamic tradition , instead of introducing a new religion , Musa is regarded by Muslims as teaching and practicing the religion of his predecessors and confirming the scriptures and prophets before him . The Quran states that Moses was sent by God to the Pharaoh of Egypt and the Israelites for guidance and warning . Moses is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual , and his life is narrated and recounted more than that of any other prophet . According to Islam , all Muslims must have faith in every prophet ( nabi ) and messenger ( rasul ) which includes Moses and his brother Aaron ( Harun ) . The Quran states : Moses is considered to be a prophetic predecessor to Muhammad . Generally attributed the tale of Moses as a spiritual parallel to the life of Muhammad , considering many aspects of their lives to be shared . Islamic literature also describes a parallel between their believers and the incidents which occurred in their lifetimes . The exodus of the Israelites from Egypt is considered similar to the migration ( hijra ) made by the followers of Muhammad . Moses ( Musa ) is also very important in Islam for having been given the revelation of the Torah , which is considered to be one of the true revealed scriptures in Muslim theology , and Muslims generally hold that much of the Torah is confirmed and repeated in the Qur ` an . Moreover , according to Islamic tradition , Moses was one of the many prophets Muhammad met in the event of the Mi ` raj , when he ascended through the seven heavens . In Muslim belief , Moses is regarded as having urged Muhammad during his Mi ` raj to reduce the number of prayers until they were only five remaining , which are regarded as being the five obligatory prayers . Moses is further revered in Islamic literature , which expands upon the incidents of his life and the miracles attributed to him in the Qur ` an and hadith , such as his direct conversation with God .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75f52d597b20c2985f02fc3961af1f6c", "text": "Al-Farazdaq Hammam ibn Ghalib ( همام بن غالب born c. 641 ; died 728 -- 730 ) , most commonly known as Al-Farazdaq or Abu Firas , was an Arabian poet . He was born in what is present-day Kuwait ( Kāzimah ) and lived in Basra . He was a member of Darim , one of the most respected divisions of the Bani Tamim , and his mother was of the tribe of Dabba . His grandfather Sa ` sa ' was a Bedouin of great repute , his father Ghalib followed the same manner of life until Basra was founded , and was famous for his generosity and hospitality . Al-Farazdaq is recognized as one of the greatest classical poets of the Arabs . At the age of 15 , Farazdaq was known as a poet , and though checked for a short time by the advice of the caliph Ali to devote his attention to the study of the Qur ` an , he soon returned to making verse . He devoted his talent largely to satire and attacked the Bani Nahshal and the Bani Fuqaim . When Ziyad , a member of the latter tribe , became governor of Basra in 669 , the poet was compelled to flee , first to Kufa , and then , as he was still too near Ziyad , to Medina , where he was well received by the city 's emir , Sa'id ibn al - ` As . Here he remained about ten years , writing satires on tribes , but avoiding city politics . But he lived a prodigal life , and his amorous verses led to his expulsion by the caliph Marwan I. Just at that time , he learned of the death of Ziyad and returned to Basra , where he secured the favor of Ziyad 's successor Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad . Much of his poetry was now devoted to his matrimonial affairs . He had taken advantage of his position as guardian and married his cousin Nawar against her will . She sought help in vain from the court of Basra and from various tribes . All feared the poet 's satires . At last , she fled to Mecca and appealed to the political contender to the Umayyads Abdallah ibn Zubayr , who , however , succeeded in inducing her to consent to a confirmation of the marriage . Quarrels soon arose again . Farazdaq took a second wife , and after her death a third , to annoy Nawar . Finally , he consented to a divorce pronounced by Hasan al-Basri . Another subject occasioned a long series of verses , namely his feud with his rival Jarir and his tribe the Bani Kulaib . These poems are published as the Nakaid of Jarir and al-Farazdaq . Al-Farazdaq became official poet to the Umayyad caliph Al-Walid I ( reigned 705 -- 715 ) , to whom he dedicated a number of panegyrics . He is most famous for the poem that he gave in Makkah when Ali bin Hussain bin Ali bin Abu Talib ( Zayn al-Abidin ) entered the Haram of the Kaba angering the emir . The poem is extremely powerful . It is because of this poem that he was imprisoned .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c28198f8ef9a08690191fe970aba20d8", "text": "Ali Ali ( -LSB- ˈɑːli , _ ɑːˈliː -RSB- -LSB- علي , ʿAlī -RSB- , -LSB- ʕaliː -RSB- ; 15 September 601 -- 29 January 661 ) was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad , the prophet of Islam . He ruled over the Caliphate from 656 to 661 , and was Imam of Shia Islam from 632 to 661 . Born to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad , ` Ali was the only person born in the sacred sanctuary of the Ka ` bah in Mecca , the holiest place in Islam , according to many classical Islamic sources , especially Shia ones . ` Ali was the first young male who accepted Islam . After migrating to Medina , he married Muhammad 's daughter Fatimah . Ali took part in the early caravan raids from Mecca and later in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community . He was appointed caliph by Muhammad 's Companions ( Sahaba ) in 656 , after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated . ` Ali 's reign saw civil wars and in 661 , he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa , dying two days later . ` Ali is important to various Sunni and Shi`ite denominations politically , legislatively and spiritually . The numerous biographical sources about Ali are often biased due to sectarianism , but they agree that he was a pious Muslim , devoted to the cause of Islam and a just ruler in accordance with the Qur ' an and the Sunnah . While Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun ( rightly guided ) caliphs , Shi`ites regard ` Ali as the first Imam after Muhammad due to their interpretation of the events at Ghadir Khumm . Shias also believe that ` Ali and the other Shi`ite Imams ( all of whom are members of the Ahl al-Bayt , Muhammad 's household ) are the rightful successors to Muhammad . This disagreement split the Ummah ( Muslim community ) into the Sunni and Shia branches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7f18bbd2820c52927b24d0231c9d51a", "text": "Al Sulaimaniyyah Al Sulaimaniyyah is a neighborhood of Mecca in Makkah Province , in western Saudi Arabia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c1288bab5415975c08aeada1d7f03e6", "text": "Hegira (disambiguation) Hegira refers to the migration of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib ( later renamed by him to Medina ) in 622 CE . Hegira , Hejira , Hijra , Hijrah or Hijrat may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c237b451824f69f9bdb0ec1d440c2d18", "text": "Migration to Abyssinia The Migration to Abyssinia ( الهجرة إلى الحبشة , al-hijra ʾilā al-habaša ) , also known as the First Hegira ( هِجْرَة hijrah ) , was an episode in the early history of Islam , where Prophet Muhammad 's first followers ( the Sahabah ) fled from the persecution of the ruling Quraysh tribe of Mecca . They sought refuge in the Christian Kingdom of Aksum , present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea ( formerly referred to as Abyssinia , a name derived from the Arabic Al-Habash ) , in or . The Aksumite monarch who received them is known in Islamic sources as the Negus ( نجاشي najāšī ) Ashama ibn Abjar . Modern historians have alternatively identified him with King Armah and Ella Tsaham . Some of the exiles returned to Mecca and made the hijra to Medina with Muhammad , while others remained in Abyssinia until they came to Medina in 628 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21135a54f1801d89357ae433d69bf6ff", "text": "Islamic ethics Islamic ethics , defined as `` good character , '' historically took shape gradually from the 7th century and was finally established by the 11th century . It was eventually shaped as a successful amalgamation of the Qur ` anic teachings , the teachings of the Sunnah of Muhammad , the precedents of Islamic jurists ( see Sharia and Fiqh ) , the pre-Islamic Arabian tradition , and non-Arabic elements ( including Persian and Greek ideas ) embedded in or integrated with a generally Islamic structure . Although Muhammad 's preaching produced a `` radical change in moral values based on the sanctions of the new religion and the present religion , and fear of God and of the Last Judgment '' , the tribal practice of Arabs did not completely die out . Later Muslim scholars expanded the religious ethic of the Qur ` an and Hadith in immense detail .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "450cc3379e7b99c067920e577cd5cc92", "text": "Harb tribe Harb `` War '' is a large Sunni Tribe in the Arabian peninsula . There is no official tribe population count but it is estimated to be approximately four million in Saudi Arabia . It is originally a Qahtani tribe . Several authentic sources on Arab tribes genealogy state that the great-grandfather of Harb tribe is Harb ibn Saad ibn Saad ibn Khawlan ibn Amr ibn Qadha'ah ibn Himyar ibn Qahtan . Harb tribal lands extend from the Red Sea coast in Tihamah ( Western Part of Saudi Arabia ) to the heart of Najd in the central region of Saudi Arabia , and from North the Harbi lands extend from Madinah ( a holy city for Muslims ) to Al Qunfudhah in the south . The tribe 's reach extends to other countries like Kuwait , Iraq , Egypt and UAE . The origins of Harb tribe came from the 2nd century of the Islamic calendar . When Qahtani tribes emigrated from the south of Arabian Peninsula to Hijaz around 131 AH for water and land space after some battles with their cousins Banu Ar-Rabi ` ah bin Saad . As a result , this caused several tribal conflicts with the native and mostly Adnani Arab tribes of Hijaz and Tihamah such as Juhainah , Inazah , Muzianah , and Sulaim over land and water . After around three centuries in Hijaz , Harb tribe became a dominant tribe in the heart of Hijaz with territories surrounding the holy city of Medina . It is important to note that Harb now , like many other Arabian tribes , is a federation of tribes and families , a good example is that Muzaynah in Saudi Arabia are considered from Harb but it is well known that it was a tribe of its own with a known presence in Hijaz in the Pre-Islamic Arabia as well as the time of the Prophet Muhammed -- i.e. , before the origin of Harb tribe in Hijaz . Currently , many of the tribe sons have migrated in recent decades to the three major metropolitan centers of Saudi Arabia , namely Riyadh , Jeddah , and Dammam , in search of better education and employment . One of the main branches of the tribe such as Banu Shaker left al Hejaz and set off to the west coasts of Palestine to start business in agriculture . For the coast of Palestine is well known all around the world for its fertile soil . Banu Shaker that trace there ancestry to Al Hassan Al Muthana are also known to be the Abunamous and Al Shaker Families from Yaffa or Jaffa have developed their reputation of being prominent landowners in Yaffa city In the Arab World outside of Saudi Arabia , the Harb family became prominent in the Christian population of Ramallah , Palestine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "057dc19851baca6fc2ee45da309aa116", "text": "Hanbali The Hanbali school is one of the four orthodox Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence ( fiqh ) . It is named after the Iraqi scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal ( d. 855 ) , and was institutionalized by his students . The Hanbali madhhab is the smallest of four major Sunni schools , the others being the Hanafi , Maliki and Shafi`i . Hanbali school derives Sharia predominantly from the Quran , the Hadiths ( sayings and customs of Muhammad ) , and the views of Sahabah ( Muhammad 's companions ) . In cases where there is no clear answer in sacred texts of Islam , the Hanbali school does not accept jurist discretion or customs of a community as a sound basis to derive Islamic law , a method that Hanafi and Maliki Sunni fiqhs accept . Hanbali school is the strict traditionalist school of jurisprudence in Sunni Islam . It is found primarily in Saudi Arabia and Qatar , where it is the official fiqh . Hanbali followers are the demographic majority in four emirates of UAE ( Sharjah , Umm al-Quwain , Ras al-Khaimah and Ajman ) . Large minorities of Hanbali followers are also found in Bahrain , Oman and Yemen and within Iraqi and Jordanian bedouins . The Hanbali school experienced a reformation in the Wahhabi-Salafist movement . Historically the school was small ; during the 18th to early-20th century Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Al Saud greatly aided its propagation around the world by way of their interpretation of the school 's teachings . As a result of this , the school 's name has become a controversial one in certain quarters of the Islamic world due to the influence he is believed by some to have had upon these teachings , which cites Ibn Hanbal as a principal influence along with the thirteenth-century Hanbali reformer Ibn Taymiyyah . However , it has been argued by certain scholars that Ibn Hanbal 's own beliefs actually played `` no real part in the establishment of the central doctrines of Wahhabism , '' as there is evidence , according to the same authors , that `` the older Hanbalite authorities had doctrinal concerns very different from those of the Wahhabis , '' rich as medieval Hanbali literature is in references to saints , grave visitation , miracles , and relics . Historically , the Hanbali school was treated as simply another valid interpretation of Islamic law , and many prominent medieval Sufis , such as Abdul Qadir Jilani , were Hanbali jurists and mystics at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cb48d25cb72012d6067cf93c010627e", "text": "Mary in Islam Mary ( -LSB- مريم , translit = Maryam -RSB- ) , the mother of Jesus ( Isa ) , holds a singularly exalted place in Islam as the only woman named in the Qur ' an , which refers to her seventy times and explicitly identifies her as the greatest of all women , stating , with reference to the angelic saluation during the annunciation , `` O Mary , God has chosen you , and purified you ; He has chosen you above all the women of creation . '' In the Quran , her story is related in three Meccan chapters ( 19 , 21 , 23 ) and four Medinan chapters ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 66 ) , and the nineteenth chapter of the scripture , the Chapter of Mary ( Surat Maryam ) , is named after her . The Quran refers to Mary more than the entire New Testament . According to the Qur ' an , divine grace surrounded Mary from birth , and , as a young woman , she received a message from God through the archangel Gabriel that God had chosen her , purified her , and had preferred her above all `` the women of the worlds . '' This event , according to the same narrative , was followed by the annunciation of a child who was to be miraculously conceived by her through the intervention of the divine spirit while she was still virgin , whose name would be Jesus and who would be the `` anointed one , '' the Promised Messiah . As such , orthodox Islamic belief `` has upheld the tenet of the virgin birth of Jesus , '' and although the classical Islamic thinkers never dwelt on the question of the perpetual virginity of Mary at any great length , it was generally agreed in traditional Islam that Mary remained virgin through the entirety of her life , with the Qur ' an 's mention of Mary 's purification `` from the touch of men '' implying perpetual virginity in the minds of many of the most prominent Islamic fathers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df9ab2e641c6106f517fc902891e20a3", "text": "Islamic art Islamic art encompasses the visual arts produced from the 7th century onward by people who lived within the territory that was inhabited by or ruled by culturally Islamic populations . It is thus a very difficult art to define because it covers many lands and various peoples over some 1,400 years ; it is not art specifically of a religion , or of a time , or of a place , or of a single medium like painting . The huge field of Islamic architecture is the subject of a separate article , leaving fields as varied as calligraphy , painting , glass , pottery , and textile arts such as carpets and embroidery . Islamic art is not at all restricted to religious art , but includes all the art of the rich and varied cultures of Islamic societies as well . It frequently includes secular elements and elements that are frowned upon , if not forbidden , by some Islamic theologians . Apart from the ever-present calligraphic inscriptions , specifically religious art is actually less prominent in Islamic art than in Western medieval art , with the exception of Islamic architecture where mosques and their complexes of surrounding buildings are the most common remains . Figurative painting may cover religious scenes , but normally in essentially secular contexts such as the walls of palaces or illuminated books of poetry . The calligraphy and decoration of manuscript Qur ` ans is an important aspect , but other religious art such as glass mosque lamps and other mosque fittings such as tiles ( e.g. Girih tiles ) , woodwork and carpets usually have the same style and motifs as contemporary secular art , although with religious inscriptions even more prominent . `` Islamic art developed from many sources : Roman , Early Christian art , and Byzantine styles were taken over in early Islamic art and architecture ; the influence of the Sassanian art of pre-Islamic Persia was of paramount significance ; Central Asian styles were brought in with various nomadic incursions ; and Chinese influences had a formative effect on Islamic painting , pottery , and textiles . '' Though the whole concept of `` Islamic art '' has been criticised by some modern art historians , calling it a `` figment of imagination '' or a `` mirage '' , the similarities between art produced at widely different times and places in the Islamic world , especially in the Islamic Golden Age , have been sufficient to keep the term in wide use by scholars . There are repeating elements in Islamic art , such as the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as the arabesque . The arabesque in Islamic art is often used to symbolize the transcendent , indivisible and infinite nature of God . Mistakes in repetitions may be intentionally introduced as a show of humility by artists who believe only God can produce perfection , although this theory is disputed . Typically , though not entirely , Islamic art has focused on the depiction of patterns , whether purely geometric or floral , and Arabic calligraphy , rather than on figures , because it is feared by many Muslims that the depiction of the human form is idolatry and thereby a sin against God , forbidden in the Qur ` an . Human portrayals can be found in all eras of Islamic art , above all in the more private form of miniatures , where their absence is rare . Human representation for the purpose of worship is considered idolatry and is duly forbidden in some interpretations of Islamic law , known as Sharia law . There are also many depictions of Muhammad , Islam 's chief prophet , in historical Islamic art . Small decorative figures of animals and humans , especially if they are hunting the animals , are found on secular pieces in many media from many periods , but portraits were slow to develop .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cd169bcf6b5d8f40bad9d29f4f84236", "text": "Assassination of Ali Ali ibn Abi Talib , the fourth ( last ) Sunni Rashidun caliph and first Shia Imam , was assassinated by a Kharijite called Ibn Muljam on 26 January 661 at the Great Mosque of Kufa , in present-day Iraq . Ali , who was then 62 or 63 years of age , died due to his injuries two days after Ibn Muljam struck him on his head by a poison-coated sword , on the 21 ( or 19 ) Ramadan 40 AH ( 28 January 661 CE ) . He was the third successive caliph , after Umar and Uthman , to be assassinated . Ali became the caliph after the assassination of Uthman in 656 . However he faced opposition from various factions including the Levant governor , Muawiyah I . A civil war , called the First Fitna , took place within the early Islamic state which resulted in the overthrow of the Rashidun caliphs and the establishment of the Umayyad dynasty . It began when the caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated in 656 and continued through the four-year reign of Ali . After Ali agreed to arbitration with Muawiyah I following the Battle of Siffin ( 657 ) , a revolt happened against him by some members of his army , later known as Kharijites ( `` those who leave '' ) . They killed some of Ali 's supporters , but they were crushed by Ali 's forces at the Battle of Nahrawan in July 658 . Ibn Muljam met up with two other Kharijites namely al-Burak ibn Abd Allah and Amr ibn Bakr al-Tamimi at Mecca , and concluded that the situation of the Muslims at the time was due to the errors of Ali , Muawiah and Amr ibn As , governor of Egypt . They decided to kill the three in order to resolve the `` deplorable situation '' of their time and also avenge their companions killed at Nahrawan . Aiming to kill Ali , Ibn Muljam headed toward Kufa where he fell in love with a woman whose brother and father had died at Nahrawan . She agreed to marry him if only he could kill Ali . Consequently , Ali was stabbed by Ibn Muljam at the Great Mosque of Kufa . After Ali 's death , Ibn Muljam was executed in retaliation by Hasan ibn Ali .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "398c911d17a37175a37d2578e190ff62", "text": "Hilya The term hilya ( Arabic حلية ( plural : ḥilan , ḥulan ) , hilye ( plural : hilyeler ) denotes a religious genre of Ottoman Turkish literature , dealing with the physical description of Muhammad . Hilya literally means `` ornament '' . They originate with the discipline of shama'il , the study of Muhammad 's appearance and character , based on hadith accounts , most notably Tirmidhi 's al-Shama ` il al-Muhamadiyyah wa al-Khasa ` il al-Mustafawiyyah ( `` The Sublime Characteristics of Muhammad '' ) . In Ottoman-era folk Islam , there was a belief that reading and possessing Muhammad 's description protects the person from trouble in this world and the next , it became customary to carry such descriptions , rendered in fine calligraphy and illuminated , as amulets . In 17th-century Ottoman Turkey , hilyes developed into an art form with a standard layout , often framed and used as a wall decoration . Later hilyes were also written for the first four Caliphs , the companions of Muhammad , Muhammad 's grandchildren ( Hasan and Hussein ) and Islamic saints ( walis ) .", "title": "" } ]	fever
da4d5130f3bbc7243b468186613b79e4	In August 1980, Hannah Simone was born.	[ { "docid": "b9b46ce1cc1b30f9bf0b1b3f6f3b50a9", "text": "Hannah Simone Hannah Simone ( born August 3 , 1980 ) is a British-Canadian television host , actress , and former fashion model . From May 2006 to November 2008 , she worked as a VJ for MuchMusic in Canada , and is best known for portraying Cece Parekh on the Fox sitcom New Girl .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "c89abcafd5d48ffcd715c3c77219f495", "text": "Unbehagen Unbehagen is the second studio album by Nina Hagen Band released in 1979 by CBS Records . It is the last album released by the band , before Nina Hagen decided to pursue a solo career . The band kept on performing under the name Spliff . The German title means Discomfort but it can be also seen as a pun on the band name . The album produced three singles , `` African Reggae '' , `` Herrmann hiess er '' and `` Auf 'm Rummel '' . `` Herrmann hiess er '' deals with a drug addiction and is believed to be about Hagen 's ex-boyfriend Herman Brood . The accompanying music video was also released . The album also contains a German cover version , `` Wir leben immer ... noch '' , of Lene Lovich 's hit single `` Lucky Number '' . The song `` Wenn ich ein Junge wär '' was recorded live in April 1979 at the Saarbrücken Congress Hall . The album was a chart success and was certified Gold in Germany in 1981 , selling in over 250,000 copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a41fff64842e2acfa0219933c751a92", "text": "Rachel Roberts (model) Rachel Roberts ( born April 8 , 1978 ) is a Canadian model and actress . She was born in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada . Roberts has appeared in numerous ad campaigns , most notably for Biotherm Skin Care Products , and she became well known in the United States as the title character in the film Simone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d463ab6e90b94226b8d4cf1e5722b39c", "text": "Martina Jäschke Martina Jäschke ( born 6 May 1960 in Merseburg ) is a German diver and Olympic champion . She competed at the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow , where she received a gold medal in platform .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d2b9f021668e2048a99cb8e043694d3", "text": "Death of Simone Camilli and Ali Shehda Abu Afash The deaths of Simone Camilli and Ali Shehda Abu Afash occurred while the two journalists were reporting on the 2014 Israel -- Gaza conflict . Simone Camilli ( c. 1979 -- 13 August 2014 ) , an Italian , and Ali Shehda Abu Afash ( ca. 1979 -- 13 August 2014 ) , a Palestinian , were journalists for the Associated Press . They were reporting on a bomb disposal team in Beit Lahiya , located in the Gaza Strip , at the time of their death . Camilli was the first foreign journalist to die in the Israel and Gaza dispute .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6a45108db947e2f7a310992216c9621", "text": "Susan Sideropoulos Susan Sideropoulos ( born 14 October 1980 in Hamburg ) is a German actress and singer . Her father is of Greek descent while her mother is from Israel . Since March 14 , 2002 , Sideropoulos has been portraying the role of Verena Koch in the German soap opera Gute Zeiten , schlechte Zeiten . She was the winner of Season 2 of the German series Let 's Dance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3254482495cc86e49701930b7cf397a5", "text": "1980 Major League Baseball season The 1980 Major League Baseball season saw the Philadelphia Phillies win their first World Series Championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ef473a228c565b49c3e16ccd1e0a299", "text": "Trevor Wright Trevor Christopher Wright ( born August 23 , 1980 in San Diego , California ) is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bfacfb1ca8c83db28c42b7778e9a62f", "text": "Madame Rosa Madame Rosa ( La vie devant soi ) is a 1977 French film directed by Moshé Mizrahi , adapted from the 1975 novel The Life Before Us by Romain Gary . It stars Simone Signoret and Samy Ben-Youb , and tells the story of an elderly Jewish woman and former prostitute in Paris who cares for a number of children , including an adolescent Algerian boy . The film required a transformation in Signoret 's appearance as Madame Rosa . The film was viewed in context of Arab -- Israeli conflicts , and received positive reviews . It won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , while Signoret won the César Award for Best Actress for her performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ba423fcc189f28af5407b3abcc24c92", "text": "Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1980 The Netherlands was represented by Maggie MacNeal , with the song ' `` Amsterdam '' , at the 1980 Eurovision Song Contest , which took place in The Hague on 19 April . 1980 was one of only three years in Dutch Eurovision history ( 1961 and 2008 being the others ) when both performer and song were chosen internally by broadcaster NOS . MacNeal had previously finished third in the 1974 Eurovision as part of duo Mouth and MacNeal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "230f2e4e4494551cd0fcdbb8249f3f38", "text": "Gerry Hannah Gerald Richard Hannah ( also known as Gerry Useless ) was the bass player for the Canadian punk rock group The Subhumans and was also a member of the armed revolutionary group Direct Action , also known as the Squamish Five ( in the mainstream press ) and the Vancouver Five ( in the alternative press ) . Squamish Five carried out a political campaign of `` direct actions '' , including the Litton Industries bombing , Litton Industries being the manufacturer of guidance systems for American nuclear cruise missiles . Hannah was convicted of conspiracy to rob an armoured car and possession of a stolen weapon , for which he received a ten-year jail sentence . He was released after serving five years of his sentence . While in jail , he recorded two records , Songs from the Underground ( folk ) and Whereabouts Unknown ( electronic ) , both now very hard to find . Hannah was a member of the Vancouver-based punk rock band , The Subhumans , from 1978 to 1981 . He reunited with his ex-bandmates for a few shows in the 1990s and again between 2005 and 2010 . The Subhumans were best known for their 1980 album Incorrect Thoughts . Hannah penned at least three classics of the punk genre , Slave to my Dick , Oh Canaduh and Fuck You . The Subhumans released New Dark Age Parade in 2006 and Death was too Kind in 2008 . Same Thoughts , Different Day , a re-recorded version of Incorrect Thoughts , came out in 2010 . In December 2014 , Hannah released a solo indie folk-rock record Coming Home . The album is a re-recording of selected tracks from Songs from Underground with some additional material . Most of the songs were written during his time with Direct Action and his imprisonment . In 2004 , Vancouver filmmaker , Glen Sanford , made a documentary movie about Gerry Hannah , called Useless . Hannah was also one of the interview subjects in Bloodied But Unbowed , Susanne Tabata 's 2011 documentary about Vancouver 's early punk scene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d16a2b01b084b4fc661624d9f22ccb6c", "text": "Isabella Summers Isabella Janet Florentina Summers ( born 31 October 1980 ) is an English musician , songwriter , producer , remixer and member of English indie rock band Florence and the Machine . As well as being the keyboard player for the group , Summers has five co-writing credits on the critically acclaimed , BRIT Award-winning Lungs and three on the album Ceremonials . She has three songs on the album How Big , How Blue , How Beautiful : `` Delilah '' , `` How Big , How Blue , How Beautiful '' and `` Which Witch '' , including two productions on the deluxe version . When not on tour with Florence and the Machine , Summers writes , produces and remixes tracks for artists including Beyoncé , Juliette Lewis , Iggy Azalea , Jasmine Thompson , Nas , Cara Delevingne , Izzy Bizu , Pablo Dylan , Mondo Cosmo , Kacy Hill , Jessica Simpson , Chloe and Halle , Flux Pavilion , Maxine Ashley , Rita Ora , Judith Hill , and The Game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eca6b878d58343dd16a6c73a6770a25c", "text": "Simone Egeriis Simone Egeriis ( born January 28 , 1992 ) , better known as simply Simone , is a Danish pop singer . She was born and raised in Slagelse , Denmark . She is known in Denmark for winning the Danish TV talent show Scenen er din ( ` The Stage is Yours ' ) in the category Junior Singing . She has since released three studio albums - her debut was called Vindens Farver or Colours of the Wind , the song from Disney 's Pocahontas , with which she won Scenen er Din . She also plays the violin and the piano .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2b73b88ffc37a45ec9f8f674d64842c", "text": "Heike John Heike John ( now Heike Walpot ; born 19 June 1960 ) is a retired German swimmer who won a bronze medal at the 1977 European Aquatics Championships . She competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in the 100 m and 200 m backstroke events but did not reach the finals . During her career she won five national titles in the 100 m ( 1977 ) and 200 m ( 1977 , 1978 ) backstroke and 200 m medley ( 1977 , 1978 ) . She missed the 1980 Summer Olympics because of their boycott by West Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19afa2c329ae70d7fe864903b2d428ae", "text": "Zaho Zahera Darabid ( born on May 10 , 1980 ) , known by her artistic name Zaho , is an Algerian R&B singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ef9f6311fd26153a9f6e084211b7fab", "text": "Nina Simone at Newport Nina Simone at Newport is an album by jazz singer and musician Nina Simone . It was her second live album for Colpix , recorded at the Newport Jazz Festival on June 30 , 1960 . All arrangements were written by Nina Simone , and it was produced by Stu Phillips .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3715857cd9e8a987882eed3324c3bb78", "text": "Chrystee Pharris Chrystee Pharris ( born March 7 , 1976 ) is an American actress , best known for her role as Simone Russell on the NBC daytime soap opera , Passions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6087b5e5ecec2496a1cc752d9be2f6a", "text": "Maripol Maripol is an artist , film producer , fashion designer and stylist who has had an influence on the looks of many influential artists , including Grace Jones , Deborah Harry and Madonna . She is also a Polaroid artist photographer . Maripol was brought up in France before moving to New York City in 1976 . In the early 1980s , Maripol was the art director for hip Italian boutique Fiorucci . By the mid-80s , Maripol had achieved some success with her own shop , Maripolitan , in the NoHo area of New York . Maripol is best known for designing for and styling pop singer Madonna during the Madonna and Like a Virgin albums in the mid-1980s . Maripol 's trademark black rubber bracelets , jewellery and crucifixes became as iconic as Madonna herself in these early years . She also made a line of official Madonna jewellery and accessories for the Like a Virgin tour . At the same time she directed documentary films , such as `` Crack is whack '' on 1980s artist Keith Haring . She has also worked as a film producer , most notably on the post-production of Downtown 81 , a film starring artist Jean-Michel Basquiat and featuring Blondie lead singer Deborah Harry , and with musical interludes by many New York No Wave bands . The movie , directed by then partner Edo Bertoglio and written and produced by Glenn O'Brien , was filmed in 1980-81 as New York Beat . However , it was not until the late 1990s that the film was edited and released ( as Downtown 81 ) . O'Brien and Executive Producer Michael Zilkha enlisted Maripol to work on post-production to complete the film before its 2000 release , and debut at the Director 's Fortnight at Cannes . She has been the art director on music videos for Cher , D'Angelo , Elton John , and Luther Vandross . In February 2010 , Maripol had a collection of jewelry and tee shirts in the Marc by Marc Jacobs stores , inspired by the jewelry she created in the 80s . Early 2014 , Maripol released `` MARIPOLA X '' , a book about her erotic Polaroid pictures , including many from the 80s ( Grace Jones , Madonna , Naomi Campbell , etc. ) . The same year , she published `` Love Each other '' , her first record as singer with the French composer and producer which followed her collaboration with the French fashion label Each x Other .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea470aaa791186bf43ca26086f4c67cd", "text": "Hannah Friedman Hannah Friedman ( born September 29 , 1986 ) is a writer , director , and musician from New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61f16c61ac0276ce55ec73d74e8a5fae", "text": "Simone Veil Simone Veil , DBE ( -LSB- simɔn vɛj -RSB- ; born 13 July 1927 ) is a French lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Health under Valéry Giscard d'Estaing , President of the European Parliament and member of the Constitutional Council of France . A survivor from the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp where she lost part of her family , she is the Honorary President of the Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah . She was elected to the Académie française in November 2008 . She is best known for pushing forward the law legalizing abortion in France on 17 January 1975 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
25c69e54d4a443861ed68f1cce7db60c	Katie Stevens is an American citizen.	[ { "docid": "8edb62e19240b26cf826ca4d81f973d1", "text": "Katie Stevens Katherine Mari `` Katie '' Stevens ( born December 8 , 1992 ) is an American actress and singer best known for finishing in eighth place on the ninth season of American Idol and starring as Karma Ashcroft in the MTV series Faking It .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "36f36b1193234dffe2f78d98cb490df3", "text": "Katie Herzig Katie Herzig is an American singer-songwriter whose folk-pop songs have appeared often in movies , TV shows , and commercials .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b4a0637a29e92de54a3d8f8349a7a5b", "text": "Confessions of a Nice Girl Confessions of a Nice Girl is the third studio album by American country music artist Katie Armiger . It was released by Cold River Records in 2010 . Three singles were released from this album in 2010 : `` Kiss Me Now '' , `` Leaving Home '' and `` Best Song Ever '' , the latter of which is her best charted single to date . It peaked at number 42 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in 2011 . The album was re-released in late 2011 with new bonus tracks , including `` I Do But Do I , '' which served as the album 's fourth single . `` Scream '' was released in October 2011 as the fifth single .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1023953aa7a1fb893d3f03f2ae6ebb81", "text": "Katie Holmes (historian) Katie Holmes is a professor of history at La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37319b4009be45712fe691dd87d43d24", "text": "National Kidney Registry The National Kidney Registry ( NKR ) is the largest paired exchange program in the United States and facilitates over 360 paired exchange transplants annually . The NKR was founded by the Hil family in 2007 after their youngest daughter lost her kidney function at age ten . Both parents were ruled out from donating to their daughter because they were biologically incompatible . Finally , after unsuccessful attempts to find a compatible donor through all of the kidney paired exchange programs in the United States , a compatible donor was found . After their transplant ordeal , the Hil family founded the National Kidney Registry to eliminate the problem of incompatible donors by building a national kidney paired donation program ( KPD ) . Mr. Hil was the first KPD leader to donate one of his kidneys to start a chain . His kidney donation 2015 initiated a swap that facilitated 8 transplants . The success of the NKR has generated significant media coverage including a front page story in the New York Times and nationally televised interviews by Katie Couric with CBS Evening News , Diane Sawyer from ABC News , and Byron Pitts at Nightline .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a67d3a2ecb07a3c97b0f21c5e1371735", "text": "Katie Did It Katie Did It is a 1951 American romantic comedy film directed by Frederick De Cordova and starring Ann Blyth , Mark Stevens and Cecil Kellaway . A small town girl falls in love with a big city artist , but mistakenly believes he already has a wife and children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc8ed674b23374b2b435909ab3bc7bf3", "text": "T. M. Stevens T. M. Stevens ( real name Thomas Michael Stevens ; born July/28 1953 ) is an American bassist from New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b83a59de4bcf2c7b0a36990eb59784c2", "text": "Katie Rose Pipkin Katie Rose Pipkin is a curator and multidisciplinary artist native to Austin , Texas . Pipkin works in language , with code and on paper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "946118d5bf6dbe0dd604e6c090efd639", "text": "Katie George Katie George ( born on September 7 , 1988 in Fairhope , Alabama , United States ) is an award-winning American cosplayer who has been cosplaying since 2004 and lives in Atlanta . George has been a special guest at conventions in the United States and abroad , including MomoCon , Pensacon and more , hosting panels and acting as a judge in costume contests . In 2012 , she was featured in the television documentary Cosplay : Crafting a Secret Identity and represented the USA at the World Cosplay Summit in Nagoya , Japan . In 2014 , she joined the cast of the reality television show Heroes of Cosplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8275e1292529d09f440855d3da7a8a17", "text": "Chinese Americans Chinese Americans , which includes American-born Chinese , are Americans who have full or partial Chinese ancestry . Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans , which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans . Many Chinese Americans are immigrants along with their descendants from mainland China , Hong Kong , Macau , Taiwan , as well as from other regions that include large populations of the Chinese diaspora , especially Southeast Asia and some Western countries like Canada , United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand , and Brazil . The Chinese American community is the largest overseas Chinese community outside of Asia . It is also the third largest in the Chinese diaspora , behind the Chinese communities in Thailand and Malaysia . The Chinese American community comprises the largest ethnic group of Asian Americans , comprising 25.9 % of the Asian American population as of 2010 . Americans of Chinese descent , including those with partial Chinese ancestry constitute 1.2 % of the total U.S. population as of 2010 . According to the 2010 census , the Chinese American population numbered approximately 3.8 million . In 2010 , half of Chinese-born people living in the United States resided in the states of California and New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfea9c4e0f4e22a0eaba8b68ba0c5aa6", "text": "Stephen Mitchell (translator) Stephen Mitchell ( born 1943 in Brooklyn , New York ) is a poet , translator , scholar , and anthologist . He is married to Byron Katie , founder of The Work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e036a57e2360a52707b72c2a7e2c42", "text": "Katie Henney Katie Henney ( born January 1 , 1993 ) is an American former child actress best known for her role as Elizabeth Cole in the 2005 movie , Felicity : An American Girl Adventure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "040d3fbf478f304cc3b978947bad5eb2", "text": "Susan Ursitti Susan Ursitti is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6de63999cdba661b4724036fc59fe49e", "text": "Martha Stevens Martha Stevens is an American politician . She is a member of the Missouri House of Representatives from the 46th District . Her term began in 2017 . Stevens has a bachelor 's degree in sociology and a Master 's in social work from the University of Missouri .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17fcb86170c46fff5ac5576e53548027", "text": "America (Deuce song) `` America '' is the second studio-release single from American artist Deuce and is a politically themed song with a stronger metal influence than some of Deuce 's other music . It was released on January 10 , 2012 , a week earlier than originally planned due to a leak of the full music video in late December 2011 . The song is the third track on Deuce 's debut album titled Nine Lives . As of April 2012 , `` America '' had sold 36,000 copies , making it the most commercially successful single of the album . This single , along with `` Let 's Get It Crackin ' '' , was featured as part of a fan-based remix contest held by Deuce and Five Seven Music titled `` Deuce REMIXXXED '' On July 3 , 2012 a single was released for Independence Day which was called the `` America ( n ) Pride '' , which contained `` America '' , two remixes , and the music video on iTunes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f0ff2bf3d911fc82831f608220343cb", "text": "Poet Laureate of New Jersey The Poet Laureate of New Jersey ( statutorily known as New Jersey William Carlos Williams Citation of Merit ) was an honor presented biennially by the Governor of New Jersey to a distinguished New Jersey poet . Created in 1999 , this position existed for less than four years and was abolished by the legislature effective July 2 , 2003 . When the New Jersey State Legislature created the laureate position , the bill provided specifically for the creation of an award named in honor of twentieth-century poet and physician William Carlos Williams ( 1883 -- 1963 ) who resided in Rutherford , New Jersey . However , the legislature recognized that the award 's recipient would `` be considered the poet laureate of the State of New Jersey for a period of two years . Before the position was abolished , only two poets , Gerald Stern and Amiri Baraka , had been appointed as the state 's poet laureate . The legislature 's bill was signed into law by Governor Christine Todd Whitman . It was expected that the award 's recipient -- the poet laureate -- would `` engage in activities to promote and encourage poetry within the State and shall give no fewer than two public readings within the State each year . '' In this respect , New Jersey 's poet laureate was similar to the position of Poet laureate in other American states and in several other countries . However , a public reading in September 2002 by the state 's second laureate , Newark-based poet Amiri Baraka of his poem `` Somebody Blew Up America '' was met with harsh criticism by the public and news media . The poem which explores terrorist attacks on September 11 , 2001 was considered to be violent , incendiary and anti-Semitic , and the ensuing controversy ignited a political firestorm . Because of Baraka 's defiant refusals to apologize or resign as poet laureate and that there was no mechanism within the law to remove him , the position was abolished by the legislature and Governor James E. McGreevey in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0f95c99433c1b47d2ed6bdc8b912d95", "text": "Susan Perkins Susan Perkins ( born April 28 , 1954 ) , a native of Middletown , Ohio , was Miss America 1978 . She has been a professional singer , spokesperson and television reporter . Susan walked in the New York Marathon with the Achilles Club ( which serves disabled and senior athletes ) as a guide for an 80-year-old former Marine Colonel . She is married with two children and lives with her family in Weston , Massachusetts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12c07b57b12648d84f747e2d7ac7f150", "text": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( often shortened to Secret Life ) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton . It first season aired on ABC Family on July 1 , 2008 and ran until June 3 , 2013 . The show was renewed for four additional seasons . The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting , but was well received among female and teenage viewers . The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers , a record previously held by Kyle XY . The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers , beating that night 's episode of Gossip Girl , which had less than half its usual number of viewers . Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers , the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series , posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers ; in adults 18 -- 34 it was the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 , with more than three million viewers watching . The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season , and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecc53938de5f1b16ff8efd02fff761f6", "text": "American University School of International Service The School of International Service ( SIS ) is American University 's school of advanced international study in the areas of international politics , international communication , international development , international economic relations , peace and conflict resolution , global environmental politics , and U.S. foreign policy . The School of International Service was created when AU 's Hurst Anderson was urged by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to create a school of practitioners prepared for foreign policy beyond the U.S. -- Soviet rivalry . Since 1957 , SIS has prepared thousands of graduates to represent their country in the global arena by `` waging peace '' and employing the hallmarks of thoughtful diplomacy . SIS is the largest school of international relations in the United States , enrolling more than 2,000 students from over 150 countries . The school makes extensive use of the academic and governmental resources offered by the university 's location in Washington , D.C. Foreign Policy , in its 2015 rankings of top international affairs programs , ranked the school 's master 's and undergraduate programs as 8th - and 9th-best in the world , respectively . SIS is also consistently ranked in conjunction with American University 's School of Public Affairs as a leading program in the country by U.S. News & World Report 's college and university rankings . SIS is also a full member of The Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dca54c243359c93622df35bbd13abe0", "text": "Greek Americans Greek Americans ' ( Ελληνοαμερικανοί , Ellinoamerikanoi '' ) are Americans of full or partial Greek ancestry . About 1.3 million American people are of Greek descent , although there are estimates that raise this number to 3 million , and 321,144 people older than five spoke Greek at home in 2010 . Greek Americans have the highest concentrations in the New York City , Boston , and Chicago regions , but have settled in major metropolitan areas across the United States . In 2000 , Tarpon Springs , Florida was home to the highest per capita representation of Greek Americans in the country ( 11 % ) . The United States is home to the largest overseas Greek community , ahead of Australia , Cyprus , Albania , Canada , Germany , and the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d391a6c853b1b66491bb910010af035", "text": "Morgan Matson Morgan Catherine Matson ( born September 19 , 1981 ) , also known under her pseudonym Katie Finn , is a best-selling American novelist and recipient of the California Book Award .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f1a8f723cd0970a8025543e28040cb66	Billy Wilder is a director.	[ { "docid": "a5c411e4397ab452eb9f2239aa520667", "text": "Billy Wilder Samuel `` Billy '' Wilder -LSB- ˈwaɪldər -RSB- -LSB- ˈvɪldɐ -RSB- ( June 22 , 1906March 27 , 2002 ) was an Austrian-born Jewish-American filmmaker , screenwriter , producer , artist , and journalist whose career spanned more than five decades . He is regarded as one of the most brilliant and versatile filmmakers of Hollywood 's golden age . With The Apartment , Wilder became the first person to win Academy Awards as producer , director , and screenwriter for the same film . Wilder became a screenwriter in the late 1920s while living in Berlin . After the rise of the Nazi Party , he left for Paris , where he made his directorial debut . He moved to Hollywood in 1933 , and in 1939 he had a hit when he co-wrote the screenplay for the romantic comedy Ninotchka , starring Greta Garbo . Wilder established his directorial reputation with an adaption of James M. Cain 's Double Indemnity ( 1944 ) , a film noir . Wilder co-wrote the screenplay with crime novelist Raymond Chandler . Wilder earned the Best Director and Best Screenplay Academy Awards for the adaptation of a Charles R. Jackson story The Lost Weekend ( 1945 ) , about alcoholism . In 1950 , Wilder co-wrote and directed the critically acclaimed Sunset Boulevard , as well as Stalag 17 in 1953 . From the mid-1950s on , Wilder made mostly comedies . Among the classics Wilder created in this period are the farces The Seven Year Itch ( 1955 ) and Some Like It Hot ( 1959 ) , and satires such as The Apartment ( 1960 ) . He directed fourteen different actors in Oscar-nominated performances . Wilder was recognized with the American Film Institute ( AFI ) Life Achievement Award in 1986 . In 1988 , Wilder was awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award . In 1993 , he was awarded the National Medal of Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4285bb615a0d8ed4420bfd551173aff", "text": "The Lost Weekend (film) The Lost Weekend is a 1945 American film noir directed by Billy Wilder and starring Ray Milland and Jane Wyman . The film was based on Charles R. Jackson 's 1944 novel of the same name about an alcoholic writer . The film was nominated for seven Academy Awards and won four : Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor , and Best Writing ( Adapted Screenplay ) . It also shared the Grand Prix at the first Cannes Film Festival , making it one of only two films to win both the Academy Award for Best Picture and the highest award at Cannes . In 2011 , The Lost Weekend was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfb182a97f52907a7208e8aff11b8d2e", "text": "Some Like It Hot Some Like It Hot is a 1959 American romantic comedy film set in 1929 , directed and produced by Billy Wilder , starring Marilyn Monroe , Tony Curtis , and Jack Lemmon . The supporting cast includes George Raft , Pat O'Brien , Joe E. Brown , Joan Shawlee , and Nehemiah Persoff . The plot is based on a screenplay by Billy Wilder and Michael Logan from the French film Fanfare of Love . The film is about two musicians who dress in drag in order to escape from mafia gangsters whom they witnessed commit a crime inspired by the Saint Valentine 's Day Massacre . The film was produced in black and white , even though color films were increasing in popularity . Some Like It Hot opened to largely positive reviews and is today considered to be one of the greatest film comedies of all time . It was voted as the top comedy film by the American Film Institute on their list on AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Laughs poll in 2000 . The film is also notable for featuring cross dressing , and for playing with the idea of homosexuality , which led to it being produced without approval from the Motion Picture Production Code . The code had been gradually weakening in its scope during the early 1950s , due to increasing social tolerance for previously taboo topics in film , but it was still officially enforced . The overwhelming success of Some Like It Hot was a final nail in the coffin for the Hays Code .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "ac31278c6141d5bcaa905b55372e9962", "text": "Witness for the Prosecution (1982 film) Witness for the Prosecution is a 1982 television film version of Agatha Christie 's short story and play , and also a remake of the Billy Wilder film Witness for the Prosecution ( 1957 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dec61e7899817a495da74f12dda9f081", "text": "World Film Company The World Film Company or World Film Corporation was an American film production and distribution company , organized in 1914 in Fort Lee , New Jersey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f989b31194417efcb528494f8b7b56e2", "text": "A Simple Plan (film) A Simple Plan is a 1998 American neo-noir crime thriller film adapted by Scott B. Smith from his 1993 novel of the same name . Directed by Sam Raimi , the film stars Bill Paxton , Billy Bob Thornton and Bridget Fonda . Set in rural Minnesota , the story follows Hank Mitchell ( Paxton ) and his brother Jacob ( Thornton ) , who , along with Jacob 's friend Lou ( Brent Briscoe ) , discover a crashed plane containing $ 4.4 million in cash . The three men go to great lengths to keep the money a secret but begin to doubt each other 's trust , resulting in lies , deceit and murder . Development of the film began in 1993 before the novel was published . Mike Nichols purchased the film rights , and the project was picked up by an independent film studio , Savoy Pictures . After Nichols stepped down , the film adaptation became mired in development hell ; during the troubled pre-production , Ben Stiller and John Dahl turned down opportunities to direct the film . After Savoy closed in November 1995 , the project was sold to Paramount Pictures . John Boorman was hired to direct , but scheduling conflicts led to his replacement by Raimi . Principal photography began in January 1998 and concluded in March after 55 days ; filming took place in Wisconsin and Minnesota . The score was produced and composed by Danny Elfman . A Simple Plan premiered at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival , where it was met with critical acclaim . The film 's appearance at the festival preceded a limited release in the United States on December 11 , 1998 , followed by a general release in North America on January 22 , 1999 . It underperformed at the North American box office , grossing $ 16.3 million on a $ 17 million production budget . Reviewers praised various aspects of the film 's production , including the storytelling , performances and Raimi 's direction . A Simple Plan earned multiple awards and nominations , among them two Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor ( Thornton ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( Smith ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "486ba469045b01d35fd902f6f4553bb0", "text": "The Producers (1968 film) The Producers is a 1968 American satirical comedy film written and directed by Mel Brooks and starring Zero Mostel , Gene Wilder , Dick Shawn , and Kenneth Mars . The film was Brooks 's directorial debut , and he won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . Although the release date was officially 1968 , the premier took place in Pittsburgh on November 22 , 1967 . Decades later , the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry and placed eleventh on the AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Laughs list . It was later remade by Brooks as an acclaimed Broadway stage musical , which itself was adapted for a 2005 feature film starring Nathan Lane and Matthew Broderick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac266bc8a1c71a7b9a42f4f2b8f2482a", "text": "Muriel Box Muriel Box ( 22 September 1905 -- 18 May 1991 ) was an Oscar-winning English screenwriter and director . She was born Violette Muriel Baker in Tolworth , Surrey , England in 1905 . When her attempts at acting and dancing proved to be unsuccessful , she accepted work as a continuity girl for British International Pictures . In 1935 , she met and married journalist Sydney Box , with whom she collaborated on nearly forty plays with mainly female roles for amateur theatre groups . Their production company , Verity Films , first released short propaganda films , including The English Inn ( 1941 ) , her first directing effort , after which it branched into fiction . The couple achieved their greatest joint success with The Seventh Veil ( 1945 ) for which they gained the Academy Award for Best Writing , Original Screenplay in the following year . After the war , the Rank Organisation hired her husband to head Gainsborough Pictures , where she was in charge of the scenario department , writing scripts for a number of light comedies , including two for child star Petula Clark , Easy Money and Here Come the Huggetts ( both 1948 ) . She occasionally assisted as a dialogue director , or re-shot scenes during post-production . Her extensive work on The Lost People ( 1949 ) gained her a credit as co-director , her first for a full-length feature . In 1951 , her husband created London Independent Producers , allowing Box more opportunities to direct . Many of her early films were adaptations of plays , and as such had a stage-bound feel , since she rarely shot on location . They were noteworthy more for their strong performances than they were for a distinctive directorial style . She favoured scripts with topical and frequently controversial themes , including Irish politics , teenage sex , abortion , illegitimacy , and syphilis , and several of her films were banned by local authorities . She pursued her favorite subject -- the female experience -- in a number of films , including Street Corner ( 1953 ) about women police officers , Somerset Maugham 's The Beachcomber ( 1954 ) , with Donald Sinden and Glynis Johns as a resourceful missionary , again working with Donald Sinden on Eyewitness ( 1956 ) and a series of comedies about the battle of the sexes , including The Passionate Stranger ( 1957 ) , The Truth About Women ( 1958 ) and her final film , Rattle of a Simple Man ( 1964 ) . Box often experienced prejudice in a male-dominated industry , especially hurtful when perpetrated by another female . In 1950 , Jean Simmons had her replaced on So Long at the Fair , and Kay Kendall unsuccessfully attempted to do the same with Simon and Laura ( 1955 ) . Many producers questioned her competence to direct large-scale feature films , and while the press was quick to note her position as one of very few women directors in the British film industry , their tone tended to be condescending rather than filled with praise . She left film-making to write novels and created a successful publishing house , Femina , which proved to be a rewarding outlet for her feminism . She divorced Sydney Box in 1969 . The following year , she married Gerald Gardiner , who had been Lord Chancellor . She died in Hendon , London in 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc1596c1ad90b69de37599370794413f", "text": "Irma la Douce Irma la Douce is a 1963 romantic comedy starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine , directed by Billy Wilder . It is based on the 1956 French stage musical Irma La Douce by Marguerite Monnot and Alexandre Breffort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbd32bac91ffb0d2f9bdc9b2e9d24da6", "text": "Melville Shavelson Melville Shavelson ( April 1 , 1917 -- August 8 , 2007 ) was an American film director , producer , screenwriter , and author . He was President of the Writers Guild of America , West ( WGAw ) from 1969 to 1971 , 1979 to 1981 , and 1985 to 1987 . He came to Hollywood in 1938 as one of comedian Bob Hope 's joke writers , a job he held for the next five years . He is responsible for the screenplays of such Hope films as The Princess and the Pirate ( 1944 ) , Where There 's Life ( 1947 ) , The Great Lover ( 1949 ) , and Sorrowful Jones ( 1949 ) , which also starred Lucille Ball . Shavelson also worked as a writer on Hope 's radio show , The Pepsodent Show Starring Bob Hope . Shavelson was nominated twice for Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay -- first for 1955 's The Seven Little Foys , starring Hope in a rare dramatic role , and then for 1958 's Houseboat . He shared both nominations with Jack Rose . He also directed both films . Other films he wrote and directed include Beau James ( 1957 ) , The Five Pennies ( 1959 ) for which he won a Screen Writers Guild Award , It Started in Naples ( 1960 ) , On the Double ( 1961 ) , The Pigeon That Took Rome ( 1962 ) , A New Kind of Love ( 1963 ) , Cast a Giant Shadow ( 1966 ) , and Yours , Mine and Ours ( 1968 ) , which starred Henry Fonda and again with Lucille Ball . Shavelson created two Emmy award-winning television series and wrote for a dozen Academy Award shows . He also wrote , produced and co-directed the six-hour ABC screenplay to the 1979 television miniseries Ike , based on the World War II exploits of Gen. Dwight Eisenhower . It featured an all star cast including Robert Duvall and Lee Remick . Shavelson 's autobiography , published by BearManor Media in April 2007 , is entitled How to Succeed in Hollywood Without Really Trying , P.S. - You Ca n't ! Shavelson wrote several other books , including , with Mr. Hope , `` Do n't Shoot , It 's Only Me : Bob Hope 's Comedy History of the United States '' ( Putnam , 1990 ) , and How to Make a Jewish Movie ( 1971 ) , a memoir of his experiences while producing and directing Cast a Giant Shadow , and the Hollywood-themed novel Lualda ( 1973 ) . Shavelson was a noted instructor at USC 's Master of Professional Writing Program from 1998-2006 . He taught screenwriting , who often cracked to his students , `` I 'm a writer by choice , a producer by necessity and a director in self-defense . '' He was an amateur radio operator and held the callsign W6VLH . Shavelson 's first wife , Lucille , died in 2000 . He was married to his second wife , Ruth Florea , from 2001 until his death in 2007 . He had two children , Lynne Joiner and Richard Shavelson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a21e5dc5a257d7e79ee757f077b86e9", "text": "Billy Edd Wheeler Billy Edward `` Edd '' Wheeler ( born December 9 , 1932 , Boone County , West Virginia ) is an American songwriter , performer , writer , and visual artist . His songs include `` Jackson '' ( Grammy award winner for Johnny Cash and June Carter ) `` The Reverend Mr. Black '' , `` Desert Pete '' , `` Anne '' , `` High Flyin ' Bird '' , `` The Coming of the Roads '' , `` It 's Midnight '' , `` Ode to the Little Brown Shack Out Back '' , `` Coal Tattoo '' , `` Winter Sky '' , and `` Coward of the County '' ( which inspired a 1981 television movie of the same name ) and have been performed by over 160 artists including Judy Collins , Jefferson Airplane , Bobby Darin , The Kingston Trio , Neil Young , Kenny Rogers , Hazel Dickens , Florence and the Machine , Kathy Mattea , Nancy Sinatra , and Elvis Presley . `` Jackson '' was also recorded by Joaquin Phoenix and Reese Witherspoon for the movie Walk the Line . His song `` Sassafras '' was covered in the folk rock era by Modern Folk Quartet and The West Coast Pop Art Experimental Band . Wheeler is the author-composer of eight plays and musicals , a folk opera ( Song of the Cumberland Gap ) , commissioned by the National Geographic Society , and three outdoor dramas : the long-running Hatfields & McCoys at Beckley , West Virginia , Young Abe Lincoln at Lincoln City , Indiana , and Johnny Appleseed , at Mansfield , Ohio . He has authored six books of humor , four with Loyal Jones of Berea , Kentucky : Laughter in Appalachia , Hometown Humor USA , Curing the Cross-Eyed Mule , and More Laughter in Appalachia , and two as sole author : Outhouse Humor , and Real Country Humor / Jokes from Country Music Personalities . His first novel , Star of Appalachia , was published in January , 2004 , and his second , co-written with Ewel Cornett , Kudzu Covers Manhattan , in 2005 . Song of a Woods Colt , a book of poetry , was published in 1969 . Travis and Other Poems of the Swannanoa Valley ( With Some Poems and Prayers by Dr. Henry W. Jensen ) was published in 1977 . He was the featured author in Appalachian Heritage magazine 's 2008 winter issue , which included 16 of his original paintings . North Carolina 's Our State magazine featured him in its December , 2007 issue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d897ff2c19bd39533084592043cd8d83", "text": "Wiener Film Wiener Film ( German ; plural : Wiener Filme ; literally , `` Viennese film '' ) is an Austrian film genre , consisting of a combination of comedy , romance and melodrama in an historical setting , mostly , and typically , the Vienna of the late 19th and early 20th centuries . The Wiener Film genre was in production between the 1920s and the 1950s , with the 1930s as its high period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dc4e3dd3c9dce603088faad246127c1", "text": "The Law vs. Billy the Kid The Law vs. Billy the Kid is a 1954 Western film starring Scott Brady as Billy the Kid . It was directed by William Castle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b9d9e306676790a7e41ab2ca93c2ebf", "text": "Roland West Roland West ( February 20 , 1885 -- March 31 , 1952 ) was a Hollywood director known for his innovative proto-film noir movies of the 1920s and early 1930s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69831e90195f1f85bda68d86ee01fbc7", "text": "Newt Arnold Newt Arnold ( February 22 , 1922 -- February 12 , 2000 ) was an American film director , producer and screenwriter . Arnold directed Bloodsport , which was released in 1988 and has since become a cult film and several other screen works . Arnold was the two-time recipient of the Directors Guild of America Award for his work as an assistant director of The Godfather Part II and 12 Angry Men .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "220d3d4b43fe740a0e4e1989a90ed60f", "text": "Mr. Texas (film) Mr. Texas is a 1951 American western film directed by Dick Ross , starring Redd Harper and Cindy Walker . Evangelist Billy Graham called it `` the first Christian Western '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb9f4e64f4b37e13cf08e6d58c964414", "text": "Compton Bennett Herbert William `` Bob '' Compton Bennett ( 15 January 1900 -- 11 August 1974 ) , better known as Compton Bennett , was an English film director , writer and producer . He is perhaps best known for directing the 1945 film The Seventh Veil and the 1950 version of the film King Solomon 's Mines , an adaptation of an Allan Quatermain story . Bennett was born in Tunbridge Wells , England . At the beginning of his career , he worked as a band leader and a commercial artist before trying his hand at amateur filmmaking . One of these early films helped him land a job at Alexander Korda 's London Films in 1932 . There , he became a film editor ; later he would help make instructional and propaganda films for the British armed forces during World War II . Bennett 's films tended to be sombre , but were very popular with the moviegoing public . In 1947 , Bennett accepted an invitation to go to Hollywood , but his directing style appeared to suffer in the American studio system of the era . It was , however , during this time that he directed King Solomon 's Mines . Bennett eventually returned to the UK . From 1954 to 1957 , he left film work to pursue interests in the theatre and television , but produced four films in 1957 , After the Ball , Man-Eater , That Woman Opposite and The Flying Scot . Although he continued to write and direct for film and television , his subsequent productions were not as well received . Bennett died in Sussex , England at the age of 74 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "013e3a2969fe4ac676b172d913553bf5", "text": "John Huston John Marcellus Huston ( -LSB- ˈhjuːstən -RSB- August 5 , 1906 -- August 28 , 1987 ) was an American film director , screenwriter and actor . He wrote the screenplays for most of the 37 feature films he directed , many of which are today considered classics : The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ) , The Treasure of the Sierra Madre ( 1948 ) , The Asphalt Jungle ( 1950 ) , The African Queen ( 1951 ) , The Misfits ( 1961 ) , Fat City ( 1972 ) and The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) . During his 46-year career , Huston received 15 Oscar nominations , won twice , and directed both his father , Walter Huston , and daughter , Anjelica Huston , to Oscar wins in different films . Huston was known to direct with the vision of an artist , having studied and worked as a fine art painter in Paris in his early years . He continued to explore the visual aspects of his films throughout his career : sketching each scene on paper beforehand , then carefully framing his characters during the shooting . While most directors rely on post-production editing to shape their final work , Huston instead created his films while they were being shot , making them both more economical and cerebral , with little editing needed . Most of Huston 's films were adaptations of important novels , often depicting a `` heroic quest , '' as in Moby Dick , or The Red Badge of Courage . In many films , different groups of people , while struggling toward a common goal , would become doomed , forming `` destructive alliances , '' giving the films a dramatic and visual tension . Many of his films involved themes such as religion , meaning , truth , freedom , psychology , colonialism and war . Before becoming a Hollywood filmmaker , he had been an amateur boxer , reporter , short-story writer , portrait artist in Paris , a cavalry rider in Mexico , and a documentary filmmaker during World War II . Huston has been referred to as `` a titan '' , `` a rebel '' , and a `` renaissance man '' in the Hollywood film industry . Author Ian Freer describes him as `` cinema 's Ernest Hemingway '' -- a filmmaker who was `` never afraid to tackle tough issues head on . '' Worked for Ethos Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8745c320a25060bded56a3716b755ae6", "text": "Myles Wilder Myles Wilder ( January 28 , 1933 - April 20 , 2010 ) was a television comedy writer and producer . Wilder attended and graduated from UCLA 's Theater Arts Department . During his senior year , he and two of his friends , Mitch Rose and Wayne Thoms , produced a documentary entitled `` The Sports Car '' that depicted the history of and interest in sports cars . He later wrote for The Tim Conway Show , a 1970 situation comedy , and the 1977 situation comedy The San Pedro Beach Bums . Wilders father was director-producer W. Lee Wilder ( 1904 -- 1982 ) , and his uncle was Oscar-winning director Billy Wilder ( 1906 -- 2002 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b6a68bc624b3d11bb3a846dc592d75d", "text": "Our Town (1940 film) Our Town is a 1940 American drama romance film adaptation of a play of the same name by Thornton Wilder starring Martha Scott as Emily Webb , and William Holden as George Gibbs . The cast also included Fay Bainter , Beulah Bondi , Thomas Mitchell , Guy Kibbee and Frank Craven . It was adapted by Harry Chandlee , Craven and Wilder , and directed by Sam Wood . The film was a faithful reproduction of the play except for two significant changes : the film used scenery , whereas the play had not ; the events of the third act , which in the play revolve around the death of one of the main characters , were turned into a dream from which Emily awakens -- she is then able to resume a normal life . Producer Sol Lesser worked with Wilder in creating these changes . A radio adaptation of the film on Lux Radio Theater on May 6 , 1940 , used the altered film ending . The U.S. copyright of the film was not renewed after its first term expired in 1968 . However , because it is a derivative work from a play that is still under U.S. copyright , it is not deemed to be in the public domain .", "title": "" } ]	fever
44e9e1ca2d547979e070ded7e51afabf	Paris Hilton's debut single was a number 15 hit in Scotland.	[ { "docid": "27a387fbbaa08abe1843e5228034b543", "text": "Paris Hilton Paris Whitney Hilton ( born February 17 , 1981 ) is an American businesswoman , socialite , television and media personality , model , actress , singer , and DJ . She is the great-granddaughter of Conrad Hilton , the founder of Hilton Hotels . Born in New York City and raised there and in Beverly Hills , California , Hilton began her modeling career as a teenager when she signed with New York based modelling development agency , Trump Model Management . Her lifestyle and rumored short-lived relationships made her a feature of entertainment news and tabloid magazines , and Hilton was proclaimed `` New York 's leading It girl '' in 2001 . In 2003 , a sex tape with Hilton and her then-boyfriend Rick Salomon , later released as 1 Night in Paris , was leaked to the public . Released only three weeks before the premiere of the reality television series The Simple Life , in which she starred alongside her long-time friend Nicole Richie , the sex tape became a media sensation . In 2004 , Hilton released her book Confessions of an Heiress , which became a New York Times Best Seller . She later played a supporting role in the horror film House of Wax ( 2005 ) , in 2005 Hilton later signed to Warner Brothers records as a singer and began working with producers such as Scott Storch , Tom Whalley , J.R. Rotem , Dr. Luke , Fernando Garibay and Kara DioGuardi on a pop album . Hilton 's debut single `` Stars Are Blind '' was released worldwide in June 2006 and quickly became an instant hit around the world including number one in Scotland . In the United States , `` Stars Are Blind '' was amongst the highest debuting singles in the U.S. in 2006 , entering the Billboard Hot 100 at number 18 due to strong digital sales and was played on more than 125 pop stations in the U.S. alone in 2006-2007 . The self-titled album , Paris , was released worldwide on August 22 , 2006 . The album reached number six on the Billboard 200 , and has since sold over 600,000 copies worldwide . Hilton returned to reality television in 2008 with Paris Hilton 's My New BFF ( 2008 ) and its two spin-offs : Paris Hilton 's British Best Friend ( 2009 ) and Paris Hilton 's Dubai BFF ( 2009 ) , and again in 2011 with Oxygen series The World According to Paris . Her other acting credits include Bottoms Up , National Lampoon 's Pledge This ! ( 2006 ) , The Hottie and the Nottie ( 2008 ) , Repo ! The Genetic Opera ( 2008 ) and Sofia Coppola 's film The Bling Ring ( 2013 ) . In 2012 , Hilton announced her DJ career and made her debut at the São Paulo Pop Music Festival . Although her performance was criticized , she became one of the highest-paid celebrity DJs , holding club residencies all over the world . That same year , she also returned to music , signing a record deal with Lil Wayne 's and Birdman 's label Cash Money Records . Critics and admirers have said that Hilton is famous for being famous , exemplifying the celebutante : a celebrity not through talent or work , but through inherited wealth and lifestyle . She has parlayed her media fame into perfumes and a fashion line with her endorsement ; her fragrances have earned $ 1.5 billion . There are currently three Paris Hilton apartment complexes and 44 Paris Hilton stores worldwide , with products including perfumes , handbags , watches and footwear . Hilton earns over $ 10 million a year from product sales . Hilton 's perfume products alone have brought in over $ 2.5 billion in revenue , the second largest celebrity fragrance of all time behind Hollywood actress Liz Taylor . and , as of 2005 , was paid about $ 300,000 for appearances in clubs and events .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1ceb93db6ad57bbcd5bad960deed9a06", "text": "Paris Grey Paris Grey ( born Shanna Jackson , November 5 , 1965 , Glencoe , Illinois , United States ) is an American singer , most known for her work with the Detroit-based techno-music producer Kevin Saunderson , as Inner City . The group found international crossover success in the late 1980s and early 1990s with a mixture of electronic beats , sweeping synthetic strings , and Paris 's soulful vocals on tracks such as `` Good Life , '' `` Big Fun , '' and `` Ai n't Nobody Better . '' Grey recorded three Inner City albums , a Detroit techno compilation album , and an extended remix collection of Inner City tracks . A notable project for Grey prior to joining Inner City was the Chicago House 12-inch club hit `` Do n't Make Me Jack ( Tonite I Wan na House You ) '' on Housetime Records . Originally , Grey sang gospel music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b385e012070856584bac8122aadb78be", "text": "Hotel Cabana Hotel Cabana is the debut studio album by British record producer Shahid `` Naughty Boy '' Khan , released from 23 August 2013 through Naughty Boy Recordings and Virgin EMI . Khan set up his Naughty Boy Productions record and production company . He would find his break by producing Chipmunk 's 2009 top-ten single `` Diamond Rings '' , featuring a then unknown Emeli Sandé . Naughty Boy released his own debut single as a signed artist in 2010 . `` Never Be Your Woman '' samples White Town 's 1997 number-one single `` Your Woman '' and featured British grime artist Wiley and Sandé on the chorus ; it reached the top ten in the UK and is included as a bonus track on Hotel Cabana . The collaboration marked the start of a partnership between Naughty Boy and Sandé which is seen throughout Hotel Cabana and Sandé 's debut set , Our Version of Events ( 2012 ) . Hotel Cabana is R&B , soul , garage , pop and hip hop music productions record , with influences from orchestral and Bollywood music . Naughty Boy describes it as an `` audio-visual experience '' and a concept album based on a luxury hotel where musicians come to perform . Hotel Cabana reunites Naughty Boy with Sandé on eight collaborations , as well as features from other British artists such George the Poet , Sam Smith , Bastille , Tinie Tempah , Ella Eyre , Gabrielle , Wretch 32 , Mic Righteous , Maiday , Chasing Grace , Ed Sheeran , and American rapper Wiz Khalifa , who appears on the album 's fourth single overall , `` Think About It '' , with Eyre . Ava Stokes , Tanika , Thabo and RØMANS make additional appearances on the US version of the album which was released by Virgin Records on 6 May 2014 . Prior to release , Hotel Cabana was promoted with several video trailers which included the collaborating artists arriving at the fictional hotel . It was also preceded by the release of three singles , including the two top-ten Sandé collaborations : `` Wonder '' and `` Lifted '' , as well as the UK Singles Chart-topper `` La La La '' ( featuring Sam Smith ) . Upon release , the album received generally favourable reviews from music critics , who praised the production , but with some criticism towards the concept , execution and some collaborations . Hotel Cabana made its chart debuts at number two in the UK , number five in Scotland and twenty-five in Ireland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6932365e2b20534731098d0bfc96b1a6", "text": "Dave Hilton (rugby union) Dave Hilton ( born 3 April 1970 in Bristol , England ) is an English-born former Scottish international rugby union player . He was capped 42 times for the Scotland national rugby union team . In his club career he played for Bath Rugby , Glasgow Warriors and Bristol Rugby . His position of choice is as a prop .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4079b6dae93e233304e70293976521c", "text": "Paris Hilton's My New BFF (season 1) The first season of Paris Hilton 's My New BFF , also known simply as My New BFF and Paris Hilton 's American Best Friend Forever internationally , premiered in the United States on September 30 , 2008 and is the first incarnation of the My New BFF franchise . 16 women and 2 men competed in challenges in an attempt to become her new best friend . Though Hilton was forbidden from revealing the winner before the show had fully aired , she had on two separate occasions accidentally referred to the winner as a `` she , '' first on the September 25 , 2008 airing of the Late Show with David Letterman , and again on the October 7 , 2008 airing of The Ellen DeGeneres Show , thus inadvertently narrowing down the contestants . On December 2 , 2008 , it was revealed in the finale that Brittany Flickinger became Paris ' BFF .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dd58522106163a5f5d32bb20c2d63b3", "text": "Brave (The Shires album) Brave is the debut studio album by British country music duo The Shires , released in 2015 . The album peaked at number ten on the UK Albums Chart , making the Shires the first ever homegrown British country act to have a top ten album in Britain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc14fb0ad83eec1e5852bc1c76aaf473", "text": "Heart of Lothian `` Heart of Lothian '' is a song by British neo-progressive rock band Marillion . It is the fifth track on the 1985 concept album Misplaced Childhood . The song was released as the third single from Misplaced Childhood on 18 November 1985 in the UK , the Netherlands , West Germany , Canada ( on Capitol Records ) , South Africa and Australia . `` Heart of Lothian '' became the third Top 30 UK single from Misplaced Childhood , peaking at number 29 . The song also peaked at number 51 on the German singles chart . The single version of Heart of Lothian actually begins with the last two sections of Bitter Suite : part d , Misplaced Rendezvous ( minus the vocals that appear on the album ) and part e , Windswept Thumb , before segueing into part a of Heart of Lothian , Wide Boy , but ends without including part b , Curtain Call . The 7 '' and 12 '' formats of the single both featured a live version of `` Chelsea Monday '' , originally a track from Marillion 's debut 1983 album Script for a Jester 's Tear as the b-side . This was recorded at the Muziekcentrum Vredenburg in Utrecht on 15 October 1985 . The 12 '' also includes the extended album version of `` Heart of Lothian '' as well as the single edit . In the US , the song was first used as the b-side for `` Kayleigh '' , the band 's European hit single . In 1986 , `` Heart of Lothian '' reappeared as a b-side to the US-only single release `` Lady Nina '' , which had in turn appeared as a b-side on the European release of the lead single from Misplaced Childhood , `` Kayleigh '' . As all of Misplaced Childhood , the title track was produced by Chris Kimsey , while the live recording of `` Chelsea Monday '' was mixed by Mark Freegard . The cover art was designed by Mark Wilkinson and in the background features the Dugald Stewart Monument , a well-known Edinburgh landmark . There are other references to Edinburgh in the song -- the title itself refers to the Heart of Midlothian , one line reads `` And anarchy smiles on the Royal Mile '' . A CD replica of the single was also part of a collectors box-set released in July 2000 which contained Marillion 's first twelve singles and was re-issued as a 3-CD set in 2009 ( see The Singles ' 82 -- ' 88 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "286f031d7a92425b8e5be7c91f76870f", "text": "Breathe Life into Me `` Breathe Life into Me '' is a song by British singer Mica Paris . It was released as the third single from her debut album So Good by 4th & B'way Records and became her third , consecutive top-thirty hit in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c794759d94b0ecc708b25b2955a211dc", "text": "List of songs written by Bonnie McKee American singer and songwriter Bonnie McKee has co-written eight number-one singles , which have sold more than 30 million copies worldwide combined . Her debut album Trouble was released in September 2004 . She singlehandedly wrote all but one song on the album , some when she was 14 and 15 years old . A standalone single , `` American Girl , '' was released in 2013 . An album was due for release in spring of 2014 but , by the end of the year , had not yet materialized , Instead , an EP , Bombastic was released in June 2015 . McKee also has over 50 songwriting credits for songs that have been recorded by other artists . Eight of these have topped either the British or the American charts . McKee has collaborated with pop singer Katy Perry , and the pair have written five of Perry 's number-one singles together : `` California Gurls '' , `` Teenage Dream '' , `` Last Friday Night ( T.G.I.F. ) '' , `` Part of Me '' and `` Roar '' . McKee has also written four other songs recorded by Perry . She co-wrote five songs on Britney Spears ' seventh studio album Femme Fatale , including `` Hold It Against Me '' , which topped the Billboard Hot 100 . McKee has co-written two singles that reached the number-one position on the UK Singles Chart : `` Dynamite '' by Taio Cruz and `` How We Do ( Party ) '' by Rita Ora . `` Dynamite '' became the second-best-selling song by a British artist in the digital era . In 2012 , McKee co-wrote three songs on Adam Lambert 's album Trespassing and two songs for Ke $ ha 's album Warrior , `` C'Mon '' and `` Supernatural '' , the former of which served as the second single from the record . She also co-wrote two songs that appear on Leona Lewis ' album Glassheart , including the album 's second single `` Lovebird '' . McKee has also co-written songs that have been recorded by Christina Aguilera , Kelly Clarkson , Cher , Carly Rae Jepsen and Ellie Goulding among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9abe341549d3876d4c2aed7f2a44443", "text": "Christine (Christine and the Queens song) `` Christine '' , also released under the titles `` Cripple '' and `` Tilted '' , is a song written and produced by Héloïse Letissier who records under the name Christine and the Queens . `` Christine '' , which is recorded in French , was released for download on 13 October 2014 through Because Music as the third single from her debut studio album Chaleur humaine ( 2014 ) . It was , however , originally titled `` Cripple '' in 2012 , and a later English version was released as `` Tilted '' in 2015 . It was named one of the ten best songs of 2015 by Time magazine . `` Christine '' was a number one hit on both of Belgium 's Ultratop charts and peaked at number 3 in France , while `` Tilted '' became a top 20 hit in Ireland and the United Kingdom . `` Tilted '' remixes were released digitally on 8 April 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d320fa7c3f02255596c301fed3de346", "text": "Annette Drummond Annette J. Drummond ( born 21 October 1984 ) is a Scottish international cricketer who debuted for the Scottish national side in 2002 . A right-handed batsman , she has appeared in five of the eight One Day International ( ODI ) matches that Scotland has played to date . Drummond was born in Meigle , a rural village in Perthshire , and played her early cricket for Meigle Cricket Club . Her older brother , Gordon Drummond , later captained the national men 's team . Drummond herself made her senior debut for Scotland at the age of 17 , appearing in matches against Durham ( an English county team ) and Wales during the 2002 season . Her first international tournament at a senior level was the 2003 IWCC Trophy in the Netherlands , where matches held ODI status . The second-youngest member of the squad , behind only Fiona Urquhart , Drummond played in all five of her team 's matches . However , she scored only nine runs from five innings , which included ducks against Ireland and the Netherlands . The 2003 IWCC Trophy is Scotland 's most recent ODI tournament to date , with Drummond being only one of 17 women to have played at that level . Her next international tournament was the 2005 European Championship in Wales , where she was Scotland 's equal leading runscorer with Kari Anderson . After that tournament , Drummond took a break from international cricket for several years , not appearing again until the 2014 European Championship in England . She played for Scotland in English domestic competitions in 2014 and 2015 , and has also been selected in the national squad for the 2015 World Twenty Qualifier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643010387100b1df150caeab46f53613", "text": "List of number-one singles of 2013 (Australia) The ARIA Singles Chart ranks the best-performing singles in Australia . Its data , published by the Australian Recording Industry Association , is based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales . In 2013 , seventeen singles claimed the top spot , including `` Thrift Shop '' by Macklemore and Ryan Lewis , which started its peak position in late 2012 . Fifteen acts achieved their first number-one single in Australia , either as a lead or featured artist : Mary Lambert , Nate Ruess , Baauer , Ray Dalton , Passenger , Daft Punk , Pharrell Williams , Robin Thicke , T.I. , Avicii , 2 Chainz , Redfoo , Dami Im , Taylor Henderson and John Legend . Im and Henderson were the only Australian artists to achieve a number-one single . Macklemore and Ryan Lewis had three number-one singles during the year for `` Thrift Shop '' , `` Same Love '' and `` Ca n't Hold Us '' . Jason Derulo earned two number-one singles for `` Talk Dirty '' and `` Trumpets '' . Pharrell Williams also earned two number-one singles during the year , as a featured artist on Daft Punk 's `` Get Lucky '' and Robin Thicke 's `` Blurred Lines '' . Katy Perry 's `` Roar '' was the longest-running number-one single of 2013 , having topped the ARIA Singles Chart for nine weeks . `` Blurred Lines '' was the second longest-running number-one single , with eight consecutive weeks at the top . Passenger 's `` Let Her Go '' stayed at number one for five consecutive weeks , while Avicii 's `` Wake Me Up ! '' topped the chart for six consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af4800a91aef91711ec5b3a280054d1b", "text": "List of million-selling singles in the United Kingdom A million-selling single is regarded by the Official Charts Company ( OCC ) as one that has sold at least 1 million copies since the start of the UK Singles Chart in November 1952 . As well as a traditional purchase of a physical record , a sale can represent one permanent digital download of a track ( physical singles usually consist of two songs , although both are only included in sales figures for double A sides or where both receive a high level of interest and airplay ) . Both British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) - certified awards ( Silver , Gold and Platinum ) and the weekly charts now include audio streaming but these are not included in the sales figures published by the OCC . Certified awards can also include shipments ( sales to trade ) . The OCC and Music Week regularly announce when a record becomes a million seller . , 167 singles have sold 1 million copies in the UK . Of these , 108 were originally released in the 20th century ( 70 of them selling 1 million before the year 2000 ) and the remainder were released between 2000 and 2014 . The most recently released single to become a million-seller is `` Uptown Funk '' by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars , which was released in December 2014 and passed a million sales ten weeks later in February 2015 . Bing Crosby 's `` White Christmas '' is the earliest release : originally 1942 , although only sales from 1952 onwards are counted . The year in which the most million-sellers were released is 2011 , with twelve ; while a record 36 releases from both the 1990s and the 2010s have sold a million copies . Only two million sellers have failed to reach the top 5 on the UK Singles Chart : Snow Patrol 's `` Chasing Cars '' and Journey 's `` Do n't Stop Believin ' '' , both of which peaked at number 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "269b6f8e375eb1b9a69beaee3b2e49df", "text": "Leave Right Now (Riverside Girls song) Leave Right Now is the debut single by the British pop group Riverside Girls . It was released in the United Kingdom , Ireland and France . It was later released in the United States and Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57457fe29912a37df43764c155783826", "text": "La Roux discography English singer and songwriter La Roux has released two studio albums , one mix album , two extended plays , one mixtape , five singles , two promotional singles and seven music videos . La Roux was originally formed as a duo in 2006 , consisting of Elly Jackson and Ben Langmaid . They first collaborated on the acoustic project Automan before opting to switch to a musical style similar to that of Prince , David Bowie and The Knife , naming their new project La Roux . The duo 's eponymous debut studio album was released in June 2009 , reaching number two on the UK Albums Chart and number seven on the Irish Albums Chart . The album was eventually certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) and the Irish Recorded Music Association ( IRMA ) . In 2011 , La Roux won a Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album . Four singles were released from the album : `` Quicksand '' , `` In for the Kill '' , `` Bulletproof '' and `` I 'm Not Your Toy '' . `` Bulletproof '' peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart and was certified gold by the BPI . Following Langmaid 's departure from La Roux , Jackson released her second studio album , Trouble in Paradise , in July 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff4daa1c75496121bc48e2841b327fdd", "text": "Eugene McGuinness (album) Eugene McGuinness is the eponymous debut studio album by British singer-songwriter Eugene McGuinness . It was released on 12 October 2008 in the United Kingdom , and on 23 June 2009 in North America , through Domino Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d34d0782fb9cb86ddce508e5175f6fd", "text": "The Original High The Original High is the third studio album by American singer Adam Lambert , released on June 12 , 2015 , by Warner Bros. . Records . Its executive producers are Max Martin and Shellback , the duo responsible for co-writing and producing Lambert 's early-career hits `` Whataya Want from Me '' and `` If I Had You '' . The album marks Lambert 's first release since leaving previous record label , RCA Records . The record 's style has been described as synthpop . The album was preceded by the release of its lead single , `` Ghost Town '' , on April 21 , 2015 . `` Another Lonely Night '' was released as the album 's second single on October 9 , 2015 . The Original High peaked within the top 10 of 11 national album charts . It debuted at number 3 on the Billboard 200 chart selling 42,000 copies in its opening week . It also became Lambert 's first ever UK top 10 album , debuting and peaking at number 8 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "037149e307b76b2f18dec6e9d77518b9", "text": "Getaway (Texas song) Getaway is the first single from Scottish band Texas 's 2005 album Red Book and was released prior to the album . The song was successful , peaking at # 6 on the UK Singles Chart , becoming the band 's twelfth Top 10 single since their # 8 hit `` I Do n't Want a Lover '' back in 1989 . A free limited edition slip-case was made available by mail to house all three formats .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62f41c1f3df464a20a73276a4addf256", "text": "Barbados (Typically Tropical song) `` Barbados '' was a UK Number 1 single released in May 1975 by Typically Tropical . `` Barbados '' entered the UK Singles Chart at number 37 in late June 1975 , and five weeks later was at Number 1 for a week . In total , `` Barbados '' spent eleven weeks on the chart . The track also reached Number 1 on the Irish Singles Chart , Number 1 on the South African Singles Chart , and 20 on the Australian Singles Chart ( Kent Music Report ) . The track was later released on an album in 1975 by Gull Records . The album was named Barbados Sky . Follow-up singles `` Rocket Now '' and `` The Ghost Song '' failed to chart , leaving `` Typically Tropical '' as one-hit wonders . In 1999 a reworked version of the song , renamed `` We 're Going to Ibiza '' , also reached the UK Number 1 spot for The Vengaboys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65e535fc8e6ac9e90238f744f33c3009", "text": "Hipsway Hipsway were a Scottish pop/new wave band . The band was formed in Glasgow in 1984 by ex-Altered Images guitarist Johnny McElhone on bass , and featuring Grahame Skinner ( vocals ) , Pim Jones ( guitar ) and Harry Travers ( drums ) . Skinner and Travers had been members of the band Kites with Paul McGrath and Ian McGreevy before Hipsway formed . Their music was characterized by Skinner 's deep vocals and Jones ' tight guitar playing . They were quickly signed up by Mercury Records and by 1985 had released their first , eponymously titled album . The album was a moderate success in the UK Albums Chart ; while the single , `` The Honeythief '' , made number 17 in the UK Singles Chart , and also reached the Top 20 in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart . Another song from the album , `` Tinder '' , became well known in Scotland as the soundtrack to a McEwan 's Lager commercial . However the band failed to build on its success ; McElhone left to found Texas , and by the time the second album Scratch the Surface was recorded , Travers had also left ( to be replaced by Stephen Ferrera ) . Released in 1989 , the album was not as critically or commercially successful as its predecessor , and the band split up shortly afterwards . Skinner and Jones subsequently went on to found the band Witness , releasing the album `` House Called Love '' ( A&M ) , before Skinner joined former members of Glasgow peers Love and Money in the band , Cowboy Mouth . Pim Jones later formed Big Yoga Muffin with Ange Dolittle , formerly of Eat , releasing one album Wherever You Go , There You Are ( 2000 , The Echo Label ) . In 2011 , Grahame Skinner formed the band Skinner with Douglas MacIntyre ( Love & Money , Cowboy Mouth and Sugartown ) , Gordon Wilson ( Love & Money and Cowboy Mouth ) and Andy Alston ( Del Amitri ) . In 2016 the band reformed to play two gigs at the Glasgow O2 , ABC in November 2016 to support the re-release of their first album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b881e901de0630653195222b64b76ec", "text": "Ronan Parke (album) Ronan Parke is the debut studio album by English singer Ronan Parke . It was released in the UK on 24 October 2011 . The album consisted mostly of cover songs .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c2b831117cd7fbc8c836baad6334e06e	Arnold Schwarzenegger has zero involvement with film.	[ { "docid": "8b095a7cd7aff78f5852b1738fe675f5", "text": "Arnold Schwarzenegger Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger ( -LSB- ˈʃwɔːrtsənˌɛɡər -RSB- -LSB- ˈaɐ̯nɔlt ˈalɔʏs ˈʃvaɐ̯tsn̩ˌɛɡɐ -RSB- ; born July 30 , 1947 ) is an Austrian-American actor , producer , businessman , investor , author , philanthropist , activist , politician and former professional bodybuilder . He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011 . Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15 . He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times . Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent presence in bodybuilding and has written many books and articles on the sport . He is widely considered to be among the greatest bodybuilders of all time as well as bodybuilding 's biggest icon . Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action film icon . His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982 , a box office hit that resulted in a sequel . In 1984 , Schwarzenegger appeared in James Cameron 's science-fiction thriller film The Terminator , a critical and commercial success . Schwarzenegger subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the franchise 's later installments : Terminator 2 : Judgment Day ( 1991 ) , Terminator 3 : Rise of the Machines ( 2003 ) , and Terminator Genisys ( 2015 ) . He has appeared in a number of successful films , such as Commando ( 1985 ) , The Running Man ( 1987 ) , Predator ( 1987 ) , Twins ( 1988 ) , Total Recall ( 1990 ) , Kindergarten Cop ( 1990 ) , and True Lies ( 1994 ) . In 2015 , it was announced that Schwarzenegger would replace Donald Trump as the host of The Celebrity Apprentice , though he left after one season due to conflicts caused by Trump 's remarks . Schwarzenegger was nicknamed `` the Austrian Oak '' in his bodybuilding days , `` Arnie '' during his acting career , and `` The Governator '' ( a portmanteau of `` Governor '' and `` The Terminator '' ) during his political career . As a Republican , Schwarzenegger was first elected on October 7 , 2003 , in a special recall election to replace then-Governor Gray Davis . He was sworn in on November 17 , to serve the remainder of Davis ' term . He was then re-elected on November 7 , 2006 , in the 2006 California gubernatorial election , to serve a full term as governor , defeating Democrat Phil Angelides , who was California State Treasurer at the time . Schwarzenegger was sworn in for his second term on January 5 , 2007 . In 2011 , he completed his second term as governor and returned to acting .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d67def84997a24779d85f53b297d3db6", "text": "Without Warning! Without Warning ! is a 1952 film noir crime film directed by Arnold Laven . The film is shot in a semidocumentary-style with police procedural voice-over narration in parts . Without Warning ! was released commercially for the first time on DVD in 2005 . Previously , the film was considered lost and unavailable for viewings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5e53cfede627f8cbb57d13ba14ca818", "text": "Commando (1985 film) Commando is a 1985 American action film directed by Mark L. Lester , and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and Rae Dawn Chong . The film was released in the United States on October 4 , 1985 . The film was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Special Effects but lost to Back to the Future . The film 's score was provided by James Horner . A critical and commercial success , Commando was the 7th highest-grossing R-rated movie of 1985 worldwide , and the 25th highest-grossing overall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5e887c7d720cc21d266e943d9c968ce", "text": "Lethal Weapon (franchise) Lethal Weapon is an American buddy cop action comedy franchise created by Shane Black that focuses on two Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) detectives , Martin Riggs and Roger Murtaugh . The franchise consists of four films released during the 1980s and 1990s , as well as a television series in 2016 . All four films in the series were directed by Richard Donner and also share many of the same core cast members , while the television series recast the main roles with younger actors instead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27726fe7d561dd1b0bc850d17bba2d94", "text": "California Film Awards The California Film Awards is a film awards ceremony that offers awards in the categories of Best Picture , Actor , Actress , Cinematography , Directing , First-Time Directors , Editing , Screenplay , Animation , Art Design , Music Videos , Short Films , Experimental Films , Student Films , California Films , Foreign Films , Documentaries and Feature Narratives . Only independent films are eligible .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f79b460d68c70bda8ea773d5bc8acbf4", "text": "Alone in the Dark (disambiguation) Alone in the Dark is the title of several works of fiction : Alone in the Dark , a series of video games and films Alone in the Dark ( 1992 video game ) , the first in the series of Alone in the Dark video games Alone in the Dark 2 ( 1993 video game ) , sequel to the first video game Alone in the Dark 3 ( 1994 video game ) , sequel to the second video game Alone in the Dark : The New Nightmare ( 2001 video game ) Alone in the Dark ( 2008 video game ) Alone in the Dark ( 2005 film ) , a 2005 horror movie loosely based on the video game series , directed by Uwe Boll and featuring Christian Slater , Tara Reid , and Stephen Dorff Alone in the Dark II ( film ) , a 2008 horror film sequel to the 2005 film Alone in the Dark ( 1978 film ) , or Solos en la madrugada , a 1978 Spanish movie directed by José Luis Garci Alone in the Dark ( 1982 film ) , a 1982 horror movie featuring Jack Palance , Donald Pleasence , and Martin Landau `` Alone in the Dark '' , a song by American thrash-metal band Testament from their 1987 album The Legacy `` Alone in the Dark '' , a song by John Hiatt from his 1987 album Bring the Family", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e8f29c493670df2eeeb80a1ab4c067b", "text": "CineTel Films CineTel Films Inc. is an independent film production company and distributor based in West Hollywood , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abd77c8ca513de193882d3ca63e0cacf", "text": "ActionFest ActionFest was an annual film festival in Asheville , NC , started by Carolina Cinemas and Magnolia Pictures founder Bill Banowsky and action director/producer Aaron Norris ( Missing in Action III , Walker , Texas Ranger ) , along with Dennis Berman and Tom Quinn . ActionFest was the first film festival in the world devoted exclusively to action film . It was also the only film festival in the world that honoring stunt performers , filling a void caused by the decision of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences not to recognize stunt men and stunt women in its Academy Awards . ActionFest 's stated mission was to `` recognize , honor and appreciate the remarkable efforts of these amazing people who risk their lives every day to make Hollywood films look exciting and great . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5000e8b46f349091518571db5fc6704", "text": "Courtney Love Courtney Michelle Love ( born Courtney Michelle Harrison ; born July 9 , 1964 ) is an American singer , actress , writer , and visual artist . Prolific in the punk and grunge scenes of the 1990s , Love has enjoyed a career that spans four decades . She rose to prominence as the frontwoman of the alternative rock band Hole , which she formed in 1989 . Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics , as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Kurt Cobain . The daughter of Hank Harrison and psychotherapist Linda Carroll , Love had an itinerant early life . She spent her formative years in San Francisco and Portland , Oregon , where she was in a series of short-lived bands before being cast in two films by British director Alex Cox . After forming Hole in 1989 , she received substantial attention from underground rock press for the group 's debut album , produced by Kim Gordon . Hole 's second release , Live Through This ( 1994 ) , gave her high-profile renown with critical accolades and multi-platinum sales . In 1995 , Love returned to acting , earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Miloš Forman 's The People vs. Larry Flynt ( 1996 ) , which established her as a mainstream actress . The following year , she saw further mainstream success with the release of Hole 's third album , Celebrity Skin ( 1998 ) , which was nominated for multiple Grammy Awards . Love continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s , appearing in big-budget pictures such as Man on the Moon ( 1999 ) and Trapped ( 2002 ) , before releasing her first solo album , America 's Sweetheart , in 2004 . The next few years were marked by publicity surrounding Love 's legal troubles and drug addiction , which resulted in a mandatory lockdown rehabilitation sentence in 2005 while she was in the process of writing a second planned solo album . That project became Nobody 's Daughter , which was released in 2010 as a Hole album but without any other members of the original lineup . Between 2014 and 2015 , she released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire . Love has also had endeavors in writing , co-creating and co-authoring three volumes of a manga , Princess Ai , between 2004 and 2006 , as well as a memoir , Dirty Blonde : The Diaries of Courtney Love ( 2006 ) . In 2012 , she premiered an exhibit of mixed media visual art titled And She 's Not Even Pretty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19f3137ae61a64d9cd6576b81a555618", "text": "Full Frontal (film) Full Frontal is a 2002 film by Steven Soderbergh about a day in the life of a handful of characters in Hollywood . It stars Catherine Keener , Blair Underwood , David Duchovny , Julia Roberts , Mary McCormack , Brad Pitt , and David Hyde Pierce . The film was shot on digital video using the Canon XL-1s in under a month . The film blurs the line between what is real and what is fiction in its depiction of a film within a film ( and possibly within another ) . It is in the loose structural style and narrative ambiguity of the French New Wave , and it received critical notice for this style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcf0bde025d3b043178b4fe9ebd3ac0d", "text": "Blonde Cobra Blonde Cobra is a 1963 short film directed by experimental filmmaker Ken Jacobs . Footage for the unique and at the time controversial film was shot by Bob Flieshner . Marc Siegel in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die states that the 33 minute film is `` generally considered to be one of the masterpieces of the New York underground film scene , and that it is a `` fascinating audio-visual testament to the tragicomic performance of the inimitable Jack Smith '' , who was a photographer and filmmaker and `` queer muse '' in New York avant-garde art in the 1960s and 1970s . The film captures Smith wearing dresses and makeup , playing with dolls , and smoking marijuana . Paul Arthur writes that the film contains `` dizzying quasi-autobiographical rants '' which spin on sadism , and that like Jacobs ' Little Stabs At Happiness , it contains `` languid improvisations studded with the bare bones of narrative incident or , more accurately , its collapse '' . The film contains Smith droning and singing and wildly cooing and cackling in parts of the film . The `` lonely little boy '' episode about a little boy living in a large house with 10 rooms has been cited as being `` potentially repugnant to many viewers '' because of its exploration of sadism against children and childhood sexuality . In this episode the narrator confesses to have `` blown up the penis '' of a 7-year-old boy with a match . The film contains numerous other elements which were shocking at the time of release such as references to necrophilia , the use of the word `` cunt '' , the confession of a nun ( impersonated in a posh high-pitched voice by Smith ) to lesbianism , the holding of a giant would-be dildo , and a portrayal of tranvestites . The film features quotes such as `` Why shave when I ca n't think of a reason for living '' and `` life is a sad business '' , quoting Greta Garbo . `` Let 's Call the Whole Thing Off '' is then played , described as a `` burlesque rendering '' of Robert Siodmak 's 1944 film Cobra Woman . The last scene captures Smith stabbing a man in the chest . Hilary Radner and Moya Luckett consider the film to be a camp portrayal of Rose Hobart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5805475987aff61182bfaca01a7b4b3f", "text": "The Empty Mirror The Empty Mirror is an experimental dramatic feature-length film using historical images and speculative fiction to study the life and mind of Adolf Hitler . The film is a psychological journey that examines the nature of evil and the dark strands of human nature . The 1996 film premiered at the Cannes International Film Festival and was released theatrically by Lions Gate Films . The film had its cable premiere on HBO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a349d3338ea0e5b54eeea4f683327133", "text": "1975 Mr. Olympia The 1975 Mr. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition held November 4 -- 11 , 1975 in Pretoria , South Africa . It was the 11th Mr. Olympia competition and the feature event of the 1975 IFBB International Congress . The event was filmed for the 1977 docudrama Pumping Iron which featured the rivalry between competitors Arnold Schwarzenegger and Lou Ferrigno as they trained for the contest . Although not released until two years after the event , the success of the film made Arnold Schwarzenegger an international celebrity , contributed to his success as Hollywood actor , and helped establish bodybuilding as a professional sport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f8123c62090af2b4b0fa6315b48c072", "text": "Invader (film) Invader is a 1992 direct-to-video science fiction film by Philip J. Cook , starring Hans Bachmann , A. Thomas Smith and Rick Foucheux . It is the story of a journalist who uncovers an extraterrestrial entity taking over an air force base in Washington , D.C. and must foil its plans of world domination . Most of Invader was produced independently in 1989 by Philip Cook and producer John Ellis , since Cook 's previous film Beyond the Rising Moon had not been enough of a success to attract investors . Cook shot all the inexpensive dialogue sequences , and the result impressed Menahem Golan such that he agreed to finance the remainder of the film . Invader was originally released on VHS by Trimark and LaserDisc by Pioneer Corporation , and earned some positive reviews . In 2006 , Invader was recut by Cook 's production company Eagle Films for its DVD release . The new release features CGI special effects to augment the in-camera effects from 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccd1f6917e7da5a86046ef187c814d4f", "text": "A Dangerous Method A Dangerous Method is a 2011 German-Canadian-American-British historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley , Viggo Mortensen , Michael Fassbender , and Vincent Cassel . The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure , which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr , A Most Dangerous Method : The story of Jung , Freud , and Sabina Spielrein . The film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen ( after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises ) . This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas , after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash . A Dangerous Method was a German/Canadian co-production . The film premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . Set on the eve of World War I , A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung , founder of analytical psychology ; Sigmund Freud , founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis ; and Sabina Spielrein , initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts . Among the film 's many honors , Mortensen was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2945459187894abc9e97b22ec4024501", "text": "Andrea Arnold Andrea Arnold , OBE ( born 5 April 1961 ) is an English filmmaker and former actress . She won an Academy Award for her short film Wasp in 2005 and has since made the leap to feature films and television , including Red Road , Fish Tank and American Honey , all of which have won the Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival . Most recently , she directed three episodes of the Emmy-winning series Transparent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfd5a9ae67330f9b67a3ee183d187733", "text": "A Virus Knows No Morals A Virus Knows No Morals ( German : Ein Virus kennt keine Moral ) is a 1986 German film directed , written and produced by Rosa von Praunheim . The film is a black comedy about the AIDS epidemic . Made with a low budget , campy style and no professional actors , it covers many aspects of AIDS and its effects as well as attacking the rumors surrounding it in a satirical way .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69831e90195f1f85bda68d86ee01fbc7", "text": "Newt Arnold Newt Arnold ( February 22 , 1922 -- February 12 , 2000 ) was an American film director , producer and screenwriter . Arnold directed Bloodsport , which was released in 1988 and has since become a cult film and several other screen works . Arnold was the two-time recipient of the Directors Guild of America Award for his work as an assistant director of The Godfather Part II and 12 Angry Men .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2920d89914250d86409b911cb8dd1c09	Easy A had Lisa Kudrow in it.	[ { "docid": "708c80e9846a89d0b45808d42e868443", "text": "Lisa Kudrow Lisa Valerie Kudrow ( -LSB- ` kuːdroʊ -RSB- born July 30 , 1963 ) is an American actress , comedian , writer and producer . She gained worldwide recognition for her ten-season run as Phoebe Buffay and Ursula Buffay on the television sitcom Friends , for which she received many accolades , including six Emmy Award nominations , winning once in 1998 , and twelve Screen Actors Guild Award nominations , winning twice in 1996 and 2000 . She went on to produce , write and star in the 2005 HBO series The Comeback , which was revived nine years later and began airing its second season in November 2014 . She received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for both seasons , in 2006 and 2015 respectively . She also starred in Web Therapy , which aired for four seasons on Showtime . As a producer of the series , she was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class -- Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program for the show in 2012 . She is also one of the executive producers of the TLC reality program Who Do You Think You Are and was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Program for the series in 2012 and 2014 . Away from television , Kudrow has also appeared in many films , including Romy and Michele 's High School Reunion ( 1997 ) , The Opposite of Sex ( 1998 ) , Analyze This ( 1999 ) and its sequel Analyze That ( 2002 ) , Dr. Dolittle 2 ( 2001 ) , Wonderland ( 2003 ) , Happy Endings ( 2005 ) , P.S. I Love You ( 2007 ) , Bandslam ( 2008 ) , Hotel for Dogs ( 2009 ) , Easy A ( 2010 ) , Neighbors ( 2014 ) , its sequel Neighbors 2 : Sorority Rising ( 2016 ) and The Girl on the Train ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b069f5970d9c8f67de4a7fadf7abd69b", "text": "Dee Caruso Dee Caruso ( April 7 , 1929 -- May 27 , 2012 ) was an American television and film screenwriter and television producer , whose credits included Get Smart , The Monkees and The Smothers Brothers Show . Caruso and his longtime writing partner , Gerald Gardner , frequently collaborated on projects . The writing duo were the head writers for the 1960s television comedy series , Get Smart . Caruso began his career by writing for stand-up comedians at nightclubs , including Don Adams and Allen & Rossi , the comedy team of Marty Allen and Steve Rossi . Caruso and writing partner , Gerald Gardner , were head writers for Get Smart . They duo continued to collaborate on projects throughout their career . Caruso and Gardner wrote 22 episodes of The Monkees , which aired from 1966 to 1968 . In 1965 , Caruso and Gardner were part of the writing staff which won an Emmy for their work on David Frost 's That Was The Week That Was . They co-produced The Red Skelton Show . Together , they wrote other episodes of The Smothers Brothers Show , What 's Happening !! , The Ghost & Mrs. Muir , Happy Days and The Bill Cosby Show . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote a 1966 episode of Gilligan 's Island , `` The Producer , '' which guest starred Phil Silvers . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote television specials for Jerry Lewis , Bill Cosby , Robin Williams , Debbie Reynolds , Don Rickles and Jack Benny . Additionally , the pair wrote several television films , including Break Up , which starred Bernadette Peters in 1973 ; and How to Break Up a Happy Divorce , a 1976 NBC television movie starring Barbara Eden , which the duo also produced . Dee Caruso and Gardner also worked on several feature film projects . They co-wrote Which Way to the Front ? , a 1970 satirical war flick starring Jerry Lewis ; The World 's Greatest Athlete , a 1973 Walt Disney production starring John Amos and Jan-Michael Vincent ; and Doin ' Time , a 1985 Warner Brothers film . Caruso and his wife , Sandra Caruso , co-taught a class , called `` What 's Funny , What 's Not , '' for ten years at the UCLA Extension Writers ' Program . Caruso then became a screenwriting professor at the UCLA School of Theater , Film and Television , where he taught for more than twenty years . Dee Caruso died of pneumonia at his home in Brentwood , Los Angeles , on May 27 , 2012 , at the age of 83 . He was survived by his wife of 47 years , Sandra Caruso . His memorial service was held at the Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc2e586313a2ae8bbb85ad421d42b1a3", "text": "List of The Comeback episodes The Comeback is an American television comedy-drama series produced by HBO that stars actress Lisa Kudrow as sitcom actress Valerie Cherish in modern-day Los Angeles . It was created by Kudrow and Michael Patrick King , a former executive producer of Sex and the City . Kudrow and King are also screenwriters and executive producers of the series , with King also serving as the director of some episodes . The series premiered on HBO on June 5 , 2005 and aired for a single , 13-episode season before being canceled . The series was revived nine years later and an eight-episode second season started airing on HBO on November 9 , 2014 . , 21 episodes of The Comeback have aired , concluding its second season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9805cfda6b3725b9590c2c0272947beb", "text": "Duets (film) Duets is a 2000 American road trip film co-produced and directed by Bruce Paltrow and written by John Byrum . The motion picture features an ensemble cast co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Paul Giamatti , Maria Bello , Scott Speedman , Andre Braugher , Huey Lewis and Angie Dickinson , among others . The movie `` revolves around the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9cb270e5f9f295c3f31223f452f235d", "text": "Lisa Thornhill Lisa Thornhill ( born September 30 , 1962 ) is an American actress . She is best known for playing the role of Evelyn Thompson in the 2000 film The Family Man , Celeste Kane in the television series Veronica Mars , Gwen in the 2002 film Life , or Something Like It , and Agent Celia `` Cie '' Baxter in the television series 18 Wheels of Justice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9190ddc332fc1fc7d7660ad2c83c58d4", "text": "Lisa Takeba is a Japanese film director and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8cd0f8e561135f6991ce0a072ec2c71", "text": "Silence Is Easy (song) `` Silence Is Easy '' is the first single from the album of the same name by British pop band Starsailor . The song reached number nine in the UK , which is the band 's highest position in the UK singles charts so far . It was one of two songs on the album that was produced by Phil Spector .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae3cd54fe313bf4a4bdd987479c0a3f5", "text": "Who's That Girl (1987 film) Who 's That Girl is a 1987 American screwball comedy film written by Andrew Smith and Ken Finkleman , and directed by James Foley . It stars Madonna and Griffin Dunne , and depicts the story of a street-smart girl who is falsely accused of murdering her boyfriend and is sent to jail . After getting released , she meets a man , who is supposed to make sure she gets on her bus back to Philadelphia , and convinces him to help her catch those responsible for her confinement . While searching for the embezzler , they fall in love with each other . After the failure of her 1986 film Shanghai Surprise , Madonna decided to sign another comedy film titled Slammer , which was later renamed to Who 's That Girl . However , she had to convince both Warner Bros. and the producers of the film that she was ready for the project . Madonna enlisted her friend James Foley to direct the film . Shooting began in New York in October 1986 , and continued until March 1987 . Production was halted during December due to snowfall in New York . Madonna utilized the time to work on her next tour and the soundtrack of the film . The film was released on August 7 , 1987 , and was a box office bomb , grossing only $ 2.5 million in its first week , with its final domestic total being about $ 7.3 million . Critics were highly disappointed with the film , and Foley 's direction . Some went on to call it one of the worst films to be released , while others found Madonna 's comic timing to be one of the highlights . However , the Who 's That Girl World Tour went on to be a critical and commercial success , grossing a total of US$ 25 million , and playing in front of audiences totaling 1.5 million people . The soundtrack of the film , though not acclaimed by the critics , enjoyed commercial success . Three of Madonna 's songs , the title track , `` Causing a Commotion '' and `` The Look of Love '' , were released as singles with the title track becoming Madonna 's sixth number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 . The soundtrack album went on to sell six million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97cdab6c711f7bc4afdf1238a3b5c1be", "text": "Lisa Stansfield discography British singer and songwriter Lisa Stansfield has released seven solo studio albums and one with her band Blue Zone , four compilation albums , three remix albums , one soundtrack album , one extended play and forty-four singles . As of 2004 , Stansfield has sold over twenty million albums worldwide , including five million of Affection . Her biggest hits include : `` People Hold On '' , `` This Is the Right Time '' , `` All Around the World '' , `` Live Together '' , `` What Did I Do to You ? '' , `` You Ca n't Deny It '' , `` Change '' , `` All Woman '' , `` Time to Make You Mine '' , `` Set Your Loving Free '' , `` Someday ( I 'm Coming Back ) '' , `` In All the Right Places '' , `` The Real Thing '' and `` Never , Never Gon na Give You Up '' . Stansfield released her latest studio album titled Seven on 31 January 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "573b70938c474e666c79c3eae5aa8398", "text": "Dead Easy Dead Easy may refer to : Dead Easy ( 1970 film ) , a 1970 Australian film Dead Easy ( 1982 film ) , a 1982 Australian film", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad28ca52cedbf6a52fea78ac6c0f22bf", "text": "All Woman `` All Woman '' is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1991 album , Real Love . It was written by Stansfield , Ian Devaney and Andy Morris , and produced by Devaney and Morris . The song received favorable reviews from music critics . It was released as the second single on 9 December 1991 in the United Kingdom and in early 1992 in the rest of the world . The Nick Brandt-directed music video was also released . The song reached number twenty in the United Kingdom . In the United States , it peaked at number fifty-six on the Billboard Hot 100 , number one on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and number twenty-one on the Adult Contemporary Singles . The single 's B-side included previously unreleased track , `` Everything Will Get Better . '' The latter was remixed by Danny Tenaglia and reached number thirty-six on the Hot Dance Club Songs . In 2003 , `` All Woman '' was included on Biography : The Greatest Hits . In 2014 , the remixes of `` Everything Will Get Better '' were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Real Love ( also on The Collection 1989 -- 2003 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0089e53c89edd2832a992eb91e67e70b", "text": "Easy Money (1936 film) Easy Money is a 1936 American crime film directed by Phil Rosen and starring Onslow Stevens , Kay Linaker and Noel Madison .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5da0e64637e00bce2d8b34701a878a55", "text": "Swing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Swing is a soundtrack for the 1999 film of the same name , which stars Lisa Stansfield , who also recorded ten songs for the soundtrack and co-wrote four of them . The album was released in Europe on 10 May 1999 and in North America on 13 July 1999 . Swing garnered favorable reviews from music critics who called it a `` gem '' among the soundtracks . The album , full of jazz and swing songs , reached number six on Billboard 's Top Jazz Albums chart . On 2 June 2003 , it was remastered and re-released in Europe with an alternative cover art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9a83195a78dbf05140f2ae13b58831d", "text": "Easy Listening for the Hard of Hearing Easy Listening for the Hard of Hearing is a collaboration album between Boyd Rice and Frank Tovey , recorded in 1981 , but released in 1984 on Mute Records , and is composed on 12 tracks labeled `` extractions '' 1-12 . Each extraction is a minimalist noise song , none of which use any conventional musical instruments . Instead the two use various everyday objects , a gas fire , water pipes and any furniture that happened to be lying around Blackwing Studios as instruments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d318f955692095f2b2dac6c8f27c3df2", "text": "Lisa Kekaula Lisa Kekaula ( born July 31 , 1967 in Los Angeles , California ) is the lead singer of American `` rock 'n' soul '' band The Bellrays . Kekaula was born to an African-American mother , Linda and Native Hawaiian father , Alan Kekaula in Los Angeles , California , although the family continued to grow and relocated to suburban Moreno Valley , California . While there , Kekaula began to immerse herself in singing and had her first appearance in a talent show at Edgemont Elementary School . She graduated from Moreno Valley High School and then from the University of California , Riverside . Since 1990 , Kekaula has been vocalist with the Bellrays . From 2003 to 2007 , Kekaula joined a cast of vocalists guesting at live performances by the surviving members of the MC5 . Kekaula has featured on two singles by British house music band Basement Jaxx , most famously `` Good Luck '' , the tracks `` Realizer '' and `` High and Low '' from the 2004 album Legion of Boom by The Crystal Method , and `` Talkin ' in My Sleep '' from The Bloody Beetroots ' first studio album , Romborama . She has also been featured on the most recent The Legendary Tigerman album , Femina . In 2014 , Kekaula contributed vocals to two tracks for the Re-Licked album of Iggy and the Stooges songs re-recorded by former Stooges guitarist James Williamson . The songs were also released as a 7 '' single . In 2016 , Kekaula and Williamson collaborated again , releasing a single in aid of a Hawaiian homeless charity . Kekaula is married to Robert Vennum , also of the Bellrays ; they have one daughter , Twylla . In 2014 , Kekaula and Vennum released an album under the name Lisa and the Lips .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85f4c787f6f6f4f7d05688d732622ad7", "text": "Drive-In (film) Drive-In is a 1976 American comedy film directed by Rod Amateau and written by Bob Peete . The film stars Lisa Lemole , Gary Lee Cavagnaro , Glenn Morshower , Billy Milliken , Lee Newsom and Regan Kee . The film was released on May 26 , 1976 , by Columbia Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8db1b7e9ed5a429e4e86cba06e63a62b", "text": "LisaProject LisaProject was the first graphical project management software . Developed for the Apple Lisa computer , LisaProject was conceived and implemented by Debra Willrett of SoloSoft and developed for Apple 's Lisa computer . This was the first GUI-based software application for project management . LisaProject was the first to simplify the project management process by allowing the user to interactively draw their project on the computer in the form of a PERT chart . Constraints could be entered for each task , and the relationships between tasks would show which ones had to be completed before a task could begin . Given the task constraints and relationships , a `` critical path '' , schedule and budget could be calculated dynamically using heuristic methods . Once this was complete , the schedule data could be viewed as a Gantt chart . In 1981 , Willrett realized that project management was a universal problem and that a GUI-based application would be a useful tool . She proposed what became LisaProject to Trip Hawkins at Apple . At the time , Apple was developing the Apple Lisa computer which had limited software . Although the Apple Lisa ultimately failed in the marketplace , its largest Lisa customer was NASA , which had used LisaProject for project management . In response to the demand for LisaProject from NASA and other customers , a new version called MacProject was made available with the first Macintosh release in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48a8b0fed7b33c840440e6fd7298ccca", "text": "Easy Rider Easy Rider is a 1969 American road movie written by Peter Fonda , Dennis Hopper , and Terry Southern , produced by Fonda and directed by Hopper . It tells the story of two bikers ( played by Fonda and Hopper ) who travel through the American Southwest and South after selling a large score of cocaine . The success of Easy Rider helped spark the New Hollywood era of filmmaking during the early 1970s . The film was added to the Library of Congress National Film Registry in 1998 . A landmark counterculture film , and a `` touchstone for a generation '' that `` captured the national imagination '' , Easy Rider explores the societal landscape , issues , and tensions in the United States during the 1960s , such as the rise and fall of the hippie movement , drug use , and communal lifestyle . In Easy Rider , real drugs were used in scenes showing the use of marijuana and other substances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1d865c61d94293a8fc5040bf364e142", "text": "Easy Aces Easy Aces , a long-running American serial radio comedy ( 1930 -- 1945 ) , was trademarked by the low-keyed drollery of creator and writer Goodman Ace and his wife , Jane , as an urbane , put-upon realtor and his malaprop-prone wife . A 15-minute program , airing as often as five times a week , Easy Aces was n't quite the ratings smash that such concurrent 15-minute serial comedies as Amos 'n' Andy , The Goldbergs , Lum and Abner , or Vic and Sade were . But its unobtrusive , conversational , and clever style , and the cheerful absurdism of its storylines , built a loyal enough audience of listeners and critics alike to keep it on the air for 15 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35cea33b37968580598879b48a41d11c", "text": "Web Therapy (season 3) The third season of the American Improvisational comedy television series Web Therapy premiered on July 23 , 2013 , and concluded on September 24 , 2014 , on Showtime . The series stars Lisa Kudrow as Fiona Wallice , a therapist who has conceived of a new form of therapy : the titular `` web therapy '' . This season contains the webisodes from season five of the web series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32f8ec26539927636125db9bde019fc8", "text": "Love Simple Love Simple is a 2009 romantic comedy film written and directed by Mark von Sternberg and starring Francisco Solorzano , Patrizia Hernandez , John Harlacher , Caitlin Fitzgerald and Israel Horovitz . The film is currently available on DVD through Synergetic Distribution and also for download and VOD on iTunes movie store . The producers of the film have partnered with the SLE Lupus Foundation , donating 10 % of their proceeds from all sales to the organization .", "title": "" } ]	fever
4cd56bed61e3e78e02d558bd1b3502e6	Stephon Marbury is a sports player.	[ { "docid": "12d8179bc6d5094a447307d42880aba6", "text": "Stephon Marbury Stephon Xavier Marbury ( born February 20 , 1977 ) is an American professional basketball player who most recently played for the Beijing Ducks of the Chinese Basketball Association ( CBA ) . He has won three CBA championships with Beijing in 2012 , 2014 and 2015 , and is widely considered as the greatest foreign player to ever play in the Chinese Basketball Association . The , 205 lb point guard was selected out of the Georgia Institute of Technology by the Milwaukee Bucks with the 4th overall pick in the 1996 NBA draft , but was traded shortly thereafter to the Minnesota Timberwolves . He was an NBA All-Star in 2001 and 2003 and was voted into the All-NBA Third Team in 2000 and 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21b6cf2c3dc054792dc50a275359a358", "text": "All-NBA Team The All-NBA Team is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) honor bestowed on the best players in the league following every NBA season . The voting is conducted by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada . The team has been selected in every season of the league 's existence , dating back to its inaugural season in 1946 . The All-NBA Team originally had two teams , but since 1988 it is composed of three five-man lineups -- a first , second , and third team , typically comprising a total of 15 roster spots . Players receive five points for a first team vote , three points for a second team vote , and one point for a third team vote . The five players with the highest point totals make the first team , with the next five making the second team and so forth . In the case of a tie at the fifth position of any team , the roster is expanded . If the first team consists of six players due to a tie , the second team will still consist of five players with the potential for more expansion in the event of additional ties . A tie has occurred only once , in 1952 , when Bob Davies and Dolph Schayes tied in votes received . From 1946 to 1955 , players were selected without regard to position ; however , since 1956 , each team has consisted of two guards , two forwards , and one center . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , Kobe Bryant and Tim Duncan hold the record for the most total selections with fifteen . Karl Malone and Shaquille O'Neal follow with fourteen total honors , , LeBron James has thirteen selections , while Schayes , Bob Cousy , Jerry West , Hakeem Olajuwon , Dirk Nowitzki have twelve selections . Malone , Bryant and James are tied for the most All-NBA first team honors with eleven , while Cousy , Bob Pettit , Elgin Baylor , West , Abdul-Jabbar , Tim Duncan , and Michael Jordan are all tied for second-most with ten .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f8b160ce374a0ddb5ac19445d35c4c3", "text": "Milwaukee Bucks The Milwaukee Bucks are an American professional basketball franchise based in Milwaukee , Wisconsin . The Bucks compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member club of the league 's Eastern Conference Central Division . The team was founded in 1968 as an expansion team , and play at the Bradley Center . Former U.S. Senator Herb Kohl was the long-time owner of the team , with John Hammond as general manager ; as of April 16 , 2014 a group led by billionaire hedge fund managers Wesley Edens and Marc Lasry agreed to purchase a majority interest in the team from Kohl , a sale which was approved by the owners of the NBA and its Board of Governors a month later on May 16 . The team is currently valued at $ 675 million according to Forbes , ranking fourth-to-last in the league . The Bucks have won one league title ( 1971 ) , two conference titles ( 1971 and 1974 ) , and 13 division titles ( 1971 -- 74 , 1976 , 1980 -- 86 , 2001 ) . They have featured such notable players as Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , Sidney Moncrief , Oscar Robertson , Bob Dandridge , Bob Lanier , Glenn `` Big Dog '' Robinson , Ray Allen , Sam Cassell , Junior Bridgeman , Michael Redd , Terry Cummings , Vin Baker , Jon McGlocklin , Marques Johnson , and Brian Winters .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d7d35d02466ea7df6d5e356bc8870ff6", "text": "History of African Americans in the Canadian Football League African Americans have played prominent roles in the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) and its precursors since 1946 . In many cases black Americans have been able to pursue professional football opportunities in the CFL that were for one reason or another unavailable in the United States . Especially in the mid-20th century , many African American players came to Canada to avoid the racially charged atmosphere of segregation-era America . For many years , blacks were better represented in the CFL than they were in the National Football League ( NFL ) , and achieved a number of `` firsts '' in the CFL years before the same was accomplished in the NFL . More recently , the CFL has provided opportunities for black , as well as other , Americans unable to break into the NFL .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6dbef5854a462ca878481c560eba0aa2", "text": "Box hockey Box hockey is an active hand game played between two people with sticks , a puck and a compartmented box ( typically 5 - long ) , and typically played outdoors . The object of the game is to move a hockey puck through the center dividers , of the box , out through a hole placed at each end of the box , also known as the goal . The two players face one another on either side of the box , and each attempts to move the puck to their left . If a player succeeds in getting the puck to exit the box through the goal , the player scores one point ( or goal ) . The first player to score the predetermined number of goals wins the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d07288f9eb1b66d091938edfde4bfee", "text": "Rugby Players' Association The Rugby Players ' Association ( RPA ) is a trade union representing athletes who currently play or have played rugby union in England at a professional or semi-professional level . Established in 1998 , it was originally called the Professional Rugby Players ' Association ( PRA ) ; in October 2009 it changed its name and expanded its membership . It is intended to protect and promote the needs of players as well as more generally to advance rugby union . The RPA was founded by professional player Damian Hopley , who was forced to early retirement after an injury . Among its missions , it seeks to assist members in similar circumstances or facing other hardships , such as illnesses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66efcb3a90208790383339b128e07455", "text": "Phoenix Media/Communications Group Phoenix Media/Communications Group is an American , Boston , Massachusetts-based corporation with several publishing and broadcasting interests . which includes the Portland Phoenix of Maine . It had published The Boston Phoenix and Stuff magazine , both of which went out of business in 2013 , and the Providence Phoenix until its shutdown in 2014 . In addition the paper owned radio station WFNX based in Lynn , MA , from 1983 until 2012 when it was sold to Clear Channel and is now country music station WBWL ( the WFNX call letters are now on a station in Athol , MA ) . The Boston Phoenix has its origins in an alternative newsweekly started in 1966 . In 1972 , its absorbed Cambridge Phoenix , a rival publication , and the company has used the `` Phoenix '' name ever since . In 1998 , the company acquiring the NewPaper in Rhode Island and re-christened that publication Providence Phoenix in 1993 . In September 1999 , the paper extended its reach into Maine and southern New Hampshire with the publication of the Portland Phoenix . The sports and magazine division publishes the official yearbooks for the Boston Celtics , the Boston Bruins , and the Boston Marathon , in addition to program guides for the Tweeter Center for the Performing Arts , and the Bank of America Pavilion summer music series . Through its Tele-publishing , Inc. , subsidiary , Phoenix Media owns People2People.com , the world 's largest provider of voice personals to the publishing industry and claims it is the web 's most advanced online personals site . Phoenix Media owns MassWeb Printing , an offset printing facility which prints many of its own product plus many other regional newspapers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b502f99f2ee6312d5aa3dd9d6cabd4d6", "text": "American football American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada , and also known as `` gridiron football '' or simply `` gridiron '' , is a sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with control of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball , while the team without control of the ball , the defense , aims to stop their advance and take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs , or plays , or else they turn over the football to the opposing team ; if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs . Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins . American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of association football and rugby football . The first game of American football was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , under rules based on the association football rules of the time . During the latter half of the 1870s , colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code , which allowed carrying the ball . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the `` Father of American Football '' , established the snap , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs ; later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone , and specified the size and shape of the football . American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States . Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game , with the other major levels being high school and youth football . , nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually , almost all of them men , with a few exceptions . The National Football League , the most popular American football league , has the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the world ; its championship game , the Super Bowl , ranks among the most-watched club sporting events in the world , and the league has an annual revenue of around US$ 10 billion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f2cba3bd169bf262c695ec68e6926da", "text": "1987 NFL Draft The 1987 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players . It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting . The draft was held April 28 -- 29 , 1987 , at the Marriot Marquis in New York City , New York . The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc04711fc4b90b1301a113fd5ee09619", "text": "Marbury Marbury may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02515679a6201da3322573960a614e86", "text": "Contact play The contact play is a base running play in the sport of baseball . It usually refers to a runner on third base breaking for home ( but occasionally refers to a runner at second base breaking for third ) . Similar to the safety-squeeze play , the runner at third breaks for home as soon as he sees that the batted ball is on a downward plane for a ground ball . If there is a runner at second base , he will also break for third if the batted ball is on the first base side of second . The play can backfire if the ball is hit directly at the third baseman or the pitcher as a putout will naturally be made at home plate to prevent the run from scoring . In this situation , the baserunner may freeze and return to third . At this point the runner at third 's objective changes from scoring to getting in a rundown in order to provide an opportunity for the batter to end up at second base . The main advantage to breaking for home on contact is that it reduces the amount of time an infielder will have to make a play at home and , thus , increases the likelihood of the runner scoring . A secondary advantage is that the possibility of a contact play will often cause the defensive infielders to `` play in , '' meaning closer to home plate , giving them less time to react to a hit ball and a greater likelihood of not being able to field it cleanly . The contact play is normally used when there is one out . With no outs , it is generally considered best not to risk being thrown out at home , since there will still be two more opportunities for later batters to drive in the runner . The only exception is when there is also a runner at first , since any ball fielded quickly enough to throw out the runner trying to score is also likely to be an easy double play ball , and the team has a much higher run expectation that inning if the result of the play is an out at home and runners on first and second than if the result is two outs and a runner at third . With two outs , all runners on base automatically break on contact , since there is no point in staying at their base while the fielder gets the final out of the inning by throwing to first base . Most students of Sabermetrics believe the contact play is proper strategy whenever there is a man on third and one out , since the loss from failure is tiny . Using standard tables of run expectation based on the number of outs and runners on base ( such as Sabremetrics 101 : Run Expectancy Matrix , 1999 -- 2002 ) , the difference between having a runner on third with two outs ( the usual result of not using the contact play on a typical ground ball out ) and having a runner on second with two outs ( the usual result of using the contact play and having the breaking runner caught in a rundown ) is only 0.043 runs . When the contact play scores a runner who otherwise would still be at third while an out is recorded at first , the net gain is 0.730 . Put another way , even if the contact play failed 16 times for every one time it succeeded , it would improve a team 's run scoring overall . Even that understates the advantage , since the need for the defense to play in often results in both the runner scoring and the batter reaching base safely , in which case the net benefit is 1.186 runs , which means that it could fail 27 times as often as it helped and still benefit the team overall . Category : Baseball terminology Category : Baseball plays", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6944a188694cfcc446509edb88dc6b80", "text": "Roger Draper Roger Draper is the former Chief Executive of Sport England from 2003 to 2006 , and the Lawn Tennis Association from 2006 to 2013 . In his time at Sport England , Draper had overall accountability for business turnover of # 340m , and was involved in London 's 2012 Olympic bid , and the Wembley National Stadium construction project . As Accounting Officer for Sport England , he had responsibility for reporting to Parliament through the Secretary of State for Culture , Media and Sport , and represented the organisation at a wide range of Select Committees , including the Public Accounts Committee hearing on the Wembley National Stadium Project , in 2003 . He also led a major review and reorganisation of the # 450m spent on sport in the UK . This included the completion of the # 120m English Institute of Sport network of high performance facilities including new centres at Bath and Loughborough Universities , and a review of corporate governance across a number of sports , including athletics , hockey , rugby league , golf , cricket , boxing , karate and bowls . Draper joined the LTA in 2006 and published the ` Blueprint , a Strategy for British Tennis ' , which set out his plans to transform the national governing body for British tennis . This included a complete restructure of the organisation , a new commercial strategy and programme , the introduction of Talent ID , and a comprehensive review and rebuild of all the LTA 's major events . During his time at the LTA , turnover grew by 45 % to # 65m , and commercial revenues increased by three and a half times , in part the result of a ground-breaking Lead Partner agreement with pensions provider Aegon UK . British Tennis membership grew by 500 % and the number of juniors playing competitive tennis sevenfold . Draper was also responsible for introducing a new mini tennis programme and a nationwide talent ID system for British tennis . During this period , Great Britain won the Junior Davis Cup for the first time , and a number of British juniors won grand slam singles and doubles titles . In 2007 Draper withdrew funding from Naomi Broady , then age 17 and the leading junior , as a disciplinary measure for posting pictures and comments online wholly unrelated to tennis . This resulted in a feud which has resulted in Broady refusing to play for GB ever since and funding her own career . The general opinion of observers was that Draper was reflecting an LTA mindset which discredited tennis and put back attempts to widen participation beyond a narrow wealthy social group . In 2013 , Andy Murray became the first British man to win the Wimbledon singles title for 77 years . Despite a growth in the number of children playing tennis , Draper 's tenure was criticised for failing to increase levels of participation among adults . The problems of participation came to a head when in December 2012 Sport England announced that # 10.3 million of the LTA 's # 17.4 million funding total had been put on hold , with Sport England chief executive Jennie Price telling Press Association Sport : `` Tennis has not performed well in terms of participation '' . Sport England subsequently released the funding to the LTA . After his salary package at the LTA was revealed to be # 640,000 in 2012 , Draper and the LTA received further criticism , including from Baroness Billingham , the Chair of Parliament 's All-Party Tennis Group . His 7 1/2 year tenure as chief executive of the LTA came to an end in March 2013 when he announced that he would stand down in September 2013 Draper opposed the creation of the # 40 million National Tennis Centre at Roehampton , and in August 2014 , it was reported that the centre was to close , just 7 years after it was opened .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f952875da0a2e83bbca1e21c2809c121", "text": "List of New York Mets first-round draft picks The New York Mets are a Major League Baseball franchise based in New York City . They play in the National League East division . Since the institution of Major League Baseball 's Rule 4 Draft , the Mets have selected 61 players in its first round . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is Major League Baseball 's primary mechanism for assigning amateur baseball players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur baseball clubs to its teams . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , and the team that had the worst record receives the first pick . In addition , teams that lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . The First-Year Player Draft is unrelated to the 1961 expansion draft in which the Mets initially filled their roster . Of the 62 players picked in the first round by the Mets , 25 have been pitchers , the most of any position ; 18 of these were right-handed , while 7 were left-handed . 17 of the players picked in the initial round were outfielders , while eight shortstops , six catchers , and three third basemen were selected . The team also selected two players at first base and one at second base . 14 of the players came from high schools or universities in the state of California , while Florida and Texas follow , with nine and five players , respectively . Four Mets ' first-round picks have won championships with the franchise . No first-round picks were on the 1969 championship team . Outfielders Lee Mazzilli ( 1973 ) and Darryl Strawberry ( 1980 ) , shortstop Wally Backman ( 1977 ) , and pitcher Dwight Gooden ( 1982 ) played in the 1986 World Series for the Mets ' second championship team . Three first-round draft picks have gone on to win the Rookie of the Year Award with the Mets : Jon Matlack in 1972 , Strawberry in 1983 , and Gooden in 1984 . Gooden went on to win the Cy Young Award in 1985 , his second season , after placing second in the voting his rookie year . Gooden is also the only first-round draft pick of the Mets to make the All-Star team in his rookie season . The Mets have made 11 selections in the supplemental round of the draft . They have also made the first overall selection five times ( 1966 , 1968 , 1980 , 1984 , and 1994 ) , tied for the most such picks with the San Diego Padres . The first of these picks , Steve Chilcott ( 1966 ) , is one of only two first overall picks ( along with Brien Taylor ) to never play in the major leagues . The Mets have had 18 compensatory picks since the institution of the First-Year Player Draft in 1965 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the prior off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . One player , George Ambrow ( 1970 ) , did not sign with the Mets after he was drafted but they received no compensation pick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfe81724965e80d9b5787c4ce7f82f3c", "text": "Sports betting Sports betting is the activity of predicting sports results and placing a wager on the outcome . The frequency of sports bet upon varies by culture , with the vast majority of bets being placed on association football , American football , basketball , baseball , hockey , mixed martial arts , track cycling , and boxing at both the amateur and professional levels . Sports betting can also extend to non-athletic events , such as reality show contests and political elections , and non-human contests such as horse racing , greyhound racing and illegal , underground dog fighting . Sports bettors place their wagers either legally , through a bookmaker/sportsbook , or illegally through privately run enterprises referred to as `` bookies '' . The term `` book '' being a reference to the books used by wagebrokers to track wagers , payouts , and debts . The majority of legal sportsbooks are found online , operated over the internet from jurisdictions separate from the clients they serve , usually to get around various gambling laws ( such as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 in the United States ) in select markets , such as Las Vegas , Nevada , or on gambling cruises through self-serve kiosks . They take bets `` up-front '' , meaning the bettor must pay the sportsbook before placing the bet . Illegal bookies , due to the nature of their business , can operate literally anywhere but only require money from losing bettors and do n't require the wagered money up front , creating the possibility of debt to the bookie from the bettor . This creates a number of other criminal elements , thus furthering their illegality . Sportsbetting has resulted in a number of scandals in sport , affecting the integrity of sports events through various acts including point shaving ( players affecting the score by missing shots ) , spot-fixing ( a player action is fixed ) , bad calls from officials at key moments , and overall match fixing ( the overall result of the event is fixed ) . Examples are the 1919 World Series , the alleged ( and later admitted ) illegal gambling of former MLB player Pete Rose , and former NBA referee Tim Donaghy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de9cbd6a6b6af34e6b6e5d84565353ef", "text": "List of college athletic programs in Connecticut The main article is College sports . Notes : This list is in a tabular format , with columns arranged in the following order , from left to right : Athletic team description ( short school name and nickname ) , with a link to the school 's athletic program article if it exists . When only one nickname is listed , it is used for teams of both sexes . ( Note that in recent years , many schools have chosen to use the same nickname for men 's and women 's teams even when the nickname is distinctly masculine . ) When two nicknames are given , the first is used for men 's teams and the other is used for women 's teams . Different nicknames for a specific sport within a school are noted separately below the table . Full name of school . Location of school . ( If available ) Conference of the school ( if conference column is left blank , the school is either independent or the conference is unknown ) . Apart from the ongoing conversions , the following notes apply : Following the normal standard of U.S. sports media , the terms `` University '' and `` College '' are ignored in alphabetization , unless necessary to distinguish schools ( such as Boston College and Boston University ) or are actually used by the media in normally describing the school ( formerly the case for the College of Charleston , but media now use `` Charleston '' for that school 's athletic program ) . Schools are also alphabetized by the names they are most commonly referred to by sports media , with non-intuitive examples included in parentheses next to the school name . This means , for example , that campuses bearing the name `` University of North Carolina '' may variously be found at `` C '' ( Charlotte ) , `` N '' ( North Carolina , referring to the Chapel Hill campus ) , and `` U '' ( the Asheville , Greensboro , Pembroke , and Wilmington campuses , all normally referred to as UNC - -LCB- campus name -RCB- ) . The prefix `` St. '' , as in `` Saint '' , is alphabetized as if it were spelled out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92b5eb54e72250cc53bbaae9066077d1", "text": "List of college athletic programs in New Jersey This is a list of college athletic programs in New Jersey , USA . '' ` Notes : This list is in a tabular format , with columns arranged in the following order , from left to right : Athletic team description ( short school name and nickname ) , with a link to the school 's athletic program article if it exists . When only one nickname is listed , it is used for teams of both sexes . ( Note that in recent years , many schools have chosen to use the same nickname for men 's and women 's teams even when the nickname is distinctly masculine . ) When two nicknames are given , the first is used for men 's teams and the other is used for women 's teams . Different nicknames for a specific sport within a school are noted separately below the table . Full name of school . Location of school . Conference of the school ( if conference column is left blank , the school is either independent or the conference is unknown ) . Apart from the ongoing conversions , the following notes apply : Following the normal standard of U.S. sports media , the terms `` University '' and `` College '' are ignored in alphabetization , unless necessary to distinguish schools ( such as Boston College and Boston University ) or are actually used by the media in normally describing the school ( formerly the case for the College of Charleston , but national media now use `` Charleston '' to describe that school 's athletic program ) . Schools are also alphabetized by the names they are most commonly referred to by sports media , with non-intuitive examples included in parentheses next to the school name . This means , for example , that campuses bearing the name `` University of North Carolina '' may variously be found at `` C '' ( Charlotte ) , `` N '' ( North Carolina , referring to the Chapel Hill campus ) , and `` U '' ( the Asheville , Greensboro , Pembroke , and Wilmington campuses , all normally referred to as UNC - -LCB- campus name -RCB- ) . The prefix `` St. '' , as in `` Saint '' , is alphabetized as if it were spelled out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e46bd4871fc3fbe9a57e7491bf38e01b", "text": "Sport in Tasmania Sport in Tasmania is participation in and attendance at organised sports events in the state of Tasmania in Australia . Sport is an important part of Tasmanian culture ; though , while spectator sports have grown in recent decades , overall participation in sports has declined and is currently lower than the national average . The most popular spectator sports are Cricket ( summer ) and Australian rules football ( winter ) . Both sports have very long histories in the state and important roles in the culture and are widely covered by the media . In participation Tasmania 's most popular sport for men is Association football ( known locally as `` soccer '' ) and for women is swimming . The fastest growing sport in terms of participation in the state is junior and women 's soccer . There are significant regional differences and regional rivalries , particularly between the north and south of the state which have an effect on the sport participation and attendances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9855389ac392527db9eff4dc16d6e01d", "text": "Marquee player A marquee player is an athlete who is considered exceptionally popular , skilled , or otherwise outstanding , especially in professional sports . Several sports leagues have specific definitions and rules regarding the designation and treatment of marquee players . In the Liga 1 of the Football Association of Indonesia each team is allowed to designate one marquee players . In the A-League of the Football Federation Australia each team is allowed to designate two marquee players whose salaries are exempted from the league 's salary cap . Similarly , in English Premiership rugby marquee players are excluded from salary cap constraints . The All India Football Federation requires each I-League team to feature one marquee player . The federation defines `` marquee players '' as foreign players who have represented their country in one of several international championships . Teams are also allowed to propose other skilled players for the designation.In ISL ( Indian Super League ) also there are marquee players . In World TeamTennis a marquee player is not required to play the entire season and is compensated on a per-match basis . Marquee players are drafted in a marquee draft prior to the roster draft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfddb4e3fdf6832148e20910f95a2381", "text": "Cleveland Browns relocation controversy The Cleveland Browns relocation controversy , sometimes referred to by fans as `` The Move '' , was the decision by then-Browns owner Art Modell to move the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League ( NFL ) from its long-time home of Cleveland to Baltimore during the 1995 NFL season . Subsequent legal actions by the city of Cleveland and Browns season ticket holders led to a compromise that saw the Browns history , records , and intellectual property remain in Cleveland , while Modell was permitted to move to Baltimore and establish the Baltimore Ravens , who are officially regarded as a 1996 expansion team . The city of Cleveland agreed to demolish Cleveland Stadium and build a new stadium on the same site , and the NFL agreed to reactivate the Browns by the 1999 season through either an expansion draft or a relocated franchise . The Browns were officially reactivated in 1998 through the expansion process and resumed play in 1999 . The compromise between Cleveland , the NFL , and Modell was a first in North American professional sports . The compromise has been cited in other franchise moves and agreements , including those in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , National Hockey League ( NHL ) , Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , and Major League Baseball ( MLB ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1604c93555b9dbbad60a98c82e7b829", "text": "Sports marketing Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports teams . It is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name . The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sport through sports . Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the consumer through exchange processes . These strategies follow the traditional four `` P '' 's of general marketing Product , Price , Promotion and Place , another four `` P '' 's are added to sport marketing , relating to the fact sports are considered to be a service . The additional 4 P 's are : Planning , Packaging , Positioning and Perception . The addition of the four extra elements is called the `` sport marketing mix . '' Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide variety of sectors of the sport industry including broadcasting , advertising , social media , digital platforms , ticket sales , and community relations . Sports marketing is divided into three sectors . The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics , Spanish Football league and the NFL , as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York Yankees . The second concerns the use of sporting events , sporting teams and individual athletes to promote various products . The third category is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation . In the first case , the promotion is directly related to sports . In the second case , the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports . When the promotion is about sports in general , the use of this kind of strategy is called `` Marketing of Sports . '' When the promotion is not about the sports but sports events , athletes , teams or leagues are used to promote different products , the marketing strategy is denominated `` Marketing through sports . '' When the promotion is about increasing participation among the public , it is called `` Grassroots Sports Marketing . '' To promote the products or services , the companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of teams or athletes , television or radio advertisement during the different broadcast sports events and celebrations , and/or advertisement on sporting venues . `` Street marketing of sport '' considers sport marketing through billboards on the street and also through urban elements ( street lighters and sidewalks , etc. ) to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events such as the Football World Cup , the Olympic Games , or the Super Bowl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a099e2021aedfb00a38b6931a110a41", "text": "Draft (sports) A draft is a process used in some countries and sports to allocate certain players to teams . In a draft , teams take turns selecting from a pool of eligible players . When a team selects a player , the team receives exclusive rights to sign that player to a contract , and no other team in the league may sign the player . The best-known type of draft is the entry draft , which is used to allocate players who have recently become eligible to play in a league . Depending on the sport , the players may come from college , high school or junior teams or teams in other countries . An entry draft is intended to prevent expensive bidding wars for young talent and to ensure that no one team can sign contracts with all of the best young players and make the league uncompetitive . To encourage parity , teams that do poorly in the previous season usually get to choose first in the postseason draft , sometimes with a `` lottery '' factor to discourage teams from deliberately losing . Other types of drafts include the expansion draft , in which a new team selects players from other teams in the league ; and the dispersal draft , in which a league 's surviving teams select players from the roster of a newly defunct franchise . Drafts are usually permitted under anti-trust or restraint of trade laws because they are included in collective bargaining agreements between leagues and labor unions representing players . These agreements generally stipulate that after a certain number of seasons , a player whose contract has expired becomes a free agent and can sign with any team . They also require minimum and sometimes maximum salaries for newly drafted players . National Football League President Joseph Carr instituted a draft in 1935 as a way to restrain teams ' payrolls and reduce the dominance of the league 's perennial contenders . It was adopted by the precursor of the National Basketball Association in 1947 ; by the National Hockey League in 1963 ; and by Major League Baseball in 1965 , although draft systems had been used in baseball since the 19th century . Drafts are uncommon outside the U.S. and Canada , and most professional football clubs obtain young players through transfers from smaller clubs or by developing youth players through their own academies . The youth system is operated directly by the teams themselves , who develop their players from childhood . Parity in these leagues is instead maintained through promotion and relegation , which automatically expels the weakest teams from a league in exchange for the strongest teams in the next lower league . The result is a drastically different endgame for poor teams : a North American sports team may see the opportunity to get better through the draft after a poor season , but a European club will instead be relegated down to a league with less money and prestige , potentially exacerbating the problems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3818f31e3fe92b02cac3b5d9a930b02", "text": "List of Kansas City Royals no-hitters The Kansas City Royals are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Kansas City , Missouri . Formed in 1969 , they play in the American League Central division . Pitchers for the Royals have thrown 4 no-hitters in franchise history . A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only `` when a pitcher ( or pitchers ) retires each batter on the opposing team during the entire course of a game , which consists of at least nine innings '' . No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official ; however , several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form . A no-hitter is rare enough that one team in Major League Baseball , the San Diego Padres , has never had a pitcher accomplish the feat . No perfect games , a special subcategory of no-hitter , have been thrown in Royals history . As defined by Major League Baseball , `` in a perfect game , no batter reaches any base during the course of the game . '' The umpire is also an integral part of any no-hitter . The task of the umpire in a baseball game is to make any decision `` which involves judgment , such as , but not limited to , whether a batted ball is fair or foul , whether a pitch is a strike or a ball , or whether a runner is safe or out ... -LSB- the umpire 's judgment on such matters -RSB- is final . '' Part of the duties of the umpire making calls at home plate includes defining the strike zone , which `` is defined as that area over homeplate ( sic ) the upper limit of which is a horizontal line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulders and the top of the uniform pants , and the lower level is a line at the hollow beneath the kneecap . '' These calls define every baseball game and are therefore integral to the completion of any no-hitter . The manager is another integral part of any no-hitter . The tasks of the manager include determining the starting rotation as well as batting order and defensive lineup every game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bce1b667083d6009b553c8a254a9084d", "text": "Beach soccer Beach soccer , also known as beach football or beasal , is a variant of association football played on a beach or some form of sand . The game emphasises skill , agility and shooting at goal . Whilst football has been played informally on beaches for many years , the introduction of beach soccer was an attempt to codify rules for the game . This was done in 1992 by the founders of Beach Soccer Worldwide , a company set up to develop the sport and is responsible for the majority of its tournaments to this day . This was a major foundation for what is now known as beach soccer and what has led to the sport rapidly growing in popularity . The irregularity of the soft-sand playing surface leads to a totally different style of play than is used in football , with a greater degree of improvisation . The compact field , much smaller than a normal football field , allows players to score from anywhere on the sand , leading to an average of sixty attempts at goal in a single game . With an average of scoring rate of one goal every three or four minutes , around eleven goals are scored in total during an average game .", "title": "" } ]	fever
79c3e247236e5c8205cb832f4fd5975c	Anton Yelchin did not relocate to the United States.	[ { "docid": "057992016c595e971b1105cfc38a745a", "text": "Anton Yelchin Anton Viktorovich Yelchin ( Анто́н Ви́кторович Ельчи́н March 11 , 1989 -- June 19 , 2016 ) was an American actor . He played Pavel Chekov in three Star Trek films , including the 2009 reboot film of the same name , along with the sequels , Star Trek Into Darkness and the posthumously released Star Trek Beyond ( 2016 ) . Born to a Russian Jewish family in Leningrad , Yelchin relocated to the United States , where he began performing in the late 1990s , appearing in several television and film roles , and received recognition in Hearts in Atlantis ( 2001 ) . His role as Jacob Clarke in Steven Spielberg 's miniseries Taken was significant in furthering his career as a child actor . He starred on the television series , including Huff and the posthumously released Trollhunters . He also starred in other films , including Alpha Dog ( 2007 ) , Charlie Bartlett ( 2007 ) , Terminator Salvation ( 2009 ) , Fright Night ( 2011 ) , The Smurfs ( 2011 ) , Only Lovers Left Alive ( 2013 ) , Green Room ( 2015 ) and Thoroughbred ( 2017 ) . In June 2016 , Yelchin died in a car incident in Studio City , California .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "97761b651e3cdfaafedb5371081c44c6", "text": "Ernst Neizvestny Ernst Iosifovich Neizvestny ( Эрнст Ио́сифович Неизве́стный April 9 , 1925 -- August 9 , 2016 ) was a Russian-American sculptor , painter , graphic artist , and art philosopher . He emigrated to the U.S. in 1976 and lived and worked in New York City . His last name in Russian literally means `` unknown '' . American playwright Arthur Miller once described Neizvestny as an `` artist of the East '' who is regarded by Russians as an `` expression of the country , of its soul , language , and spirit '' and as a `` prophet of the future '' who represents the `` philosophical conscience of his country . '' Alexander Calder , the American artist , once said to Neizvestny , `` All my life I create the world of children , and you create the world of man . '' -LSB- as reported by New York City Tribune , March 29 , 1988 . -RSB-", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adb197b30d700085f9a3f5c30509e6a3", "text": "Polish Americans Polish Americans are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry . There are an estimated 9.5 million Polish Americans , representing about 3 % of the U.S. population . Polish Americans are the largest Slavic ethnic group in the United States , second largest Central and Eastern European group and the eighth largest immigrant group overall . The first Polish settlers arrived at Walter Raleigh 's failed Roanoke Colony in 1585 . In 1608 Polish settlers came to the Virginia Colony as skilled craftsmen . Two early immigrants , Kazimierz Pułaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko , led armies in the Revolutionary War and are remembered as national heroes . Overall , more than one million Poles and Polish subjects have immigrated to the United States , primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Exact immigration numbers are unknown . Many immigrants were classified as `` Russian '' , `` German '' , and `` Austrian '' by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service because the Polish state did not exist from 1795 to 1918 , and thus the former territories of Poland at this time were under Prussian , Austrian-Hungarian and Russian control . Complicating the U.S. Census figures further are the high proportion of Polish Americans who marry outside their ethnicity ; in 1940 , about 50 percent married other American ethnics , and a study in 1988 found that 54 percent of Polish Americans three generations or higher had been of mixed ancestry . The Polish American Cultural Center places a figure of Americans who have some Polish ancestry at 19-20 million . In 2000 , 667,414 Americans over 5 years old reported Polish as the language spoken at home , which is about 1.4 % of the census groups who speak a language other than English or 0.25 % of the U.S. population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc315c2648b81ccc34e4accec3d75464", "text": "Russian Argentines Russian Argentines are people from Russia living in Argentina , and their Argentine-born descendants . There are about 170,000 people of Russian descent living in Argentina , mostly in Buenos Aires and Greater Buenos Aires . Most Russian immigrants arrived in Argentina between 1880 and 1921 , while a smaller number arrived in the 1990s . Russian movement into Argentina can be divided into five waves of immigration , the last three consisting of actual ethnic Russians , while the first one consists of immigrants categorized as `` Russian '' due to their origin in the Russian Empire even though a substantial number were not in fact ethnic Russians ( but included substantial numbers of Volga Germans and Jews ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cc74b51df80c59f55f4ec9de58788c8", "text": "Ukrainian Congress Committee of America The Ukrainian Congress Committee of America or UCCA is a non-partisan not-for-profit national umbrella organization uniting over 20 national Ukrainian American organizations in advocating for over 1,000,000 Americans of Ukrainian descent . Its membership is composed of fraternal , educational , veterans , religious , cultural , social , business , political and humanitarian organizations , as well as individuals . Established in 1940 , the UCCA maintains local all-volunteer chapters across the United States , with a national office based in New York City , as well as a Washington , D.C. news bureau , the Ukrainian National Information Service . The humanitarian aid committee , the United Ukrainian American Relief Committee , is headquartered in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . The UCCA is a founding member of the Ukrainian World Congress ( UWC ) , the international assembly of nearly all Ukrainian public organizations in the worldwide Ukrainian diaspora of over 20 million people . In the United States , the UCCA is a member organization of the Central and East European Coalition ( CEEC ) , which coordinates the efforts of national ethnic organizations representing 20 million Americans , whose members continue to maintain strong cultural , economic , political , and religious ties to the countries of Central and East Europe . The UCCA convenes a `` Congress of Ukrainians in America '' quadrennially ( from 1940 -- 1969 , triennially ) , composed of delegates representing registered national organizations , UCCA member organizations and local UCCA chapters . The XXII Congress is scheduled to convene in Hartford , Connecticut in September 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d189f71dc9c4659630c9a765c81fd54", "text": "Ukrainians in Siberia Siberian Ukrainians ( Сибирские Украинцы , `` Sibirskye Ukraintsy '' ) , ( Сибірські Українці , `` Sybirsʹki Ukrayintsy '' ) form a national minority in Siberia and the Russian Far East , but make up the majority in some cities there . Siberian Ukrainians , one of the largest and historically important constituent parts of the Ukrainian diaspora , represent one of the first Ukrainian diasporas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ebd3589639904873a802ebc2b1f7714", "text": "Aesopian language Aesopian language is communications that convey an innocent meaning to outsiders but hold a concealed meaning to informed members of a conspiracy or underground movement . For instance , if Person X is known for exposing secrets in an organization , the organization leaders announce that `` any members who have dirty talking habits will be dealt with '' to warn Person X . It refers to the ancient Greek fabulist Aesop . The term `` Aesopian language '' was first used by the nineteenth-century Russian writer Mikhail Saltykov-Schedrin to describe the writing technique he began using late in his career , which he compared to Aesop 's Fables . His purpose was to satirize the social ills of the time but evade the harsh censorship of late Tsarist Russia of which he was a particular target . The Soviet-era writer Lev Loseff noted that the use of Aesopian language remained a favorite technique of writers ( including himself ) under Soviet censorship . Maliheh Tyrell defines the term in the Soviet context and observes that the use of Aesopian language extended to other national literatures under Soviet rule : `` In short , this form of literature , like Aesop 's animal fables , veils itself in allegorical suggestions , hints , and euphemisms so as to elude political censorship . ` Aesopian language ' or literature is a technical term used by Sovietologists to define allegorical language used by Russian or nationality -LSB- that is : non-Russian -RSB- nonconformist publicists to conceal antiregime sentiments . Under Soviet rule , this ` Aesopian ' literature intended to confuse the Soviet authorities , yet illuminate the truth for native readers . '' According to one critic , `` Censorship ... had a positive , formative impact upon the Aesopian writers ' style by obliging them to sharpen their thoughts . '' The German-American philosopher Herbert Marcuse uses the term in his book One-Dimensional Man somewhat interchangeably with Orwellian language . In that context , `` Aesopian Language '' refers to the idea that certain usages of language work to ` suppress certain concepts or keep them out of the general discourse within society ' . An example of such a technique is the use of abbreviations to possibly prevent undesirable questions from arising : `` AFL-CIO entombs the radical political differences which once separated the two organizations . '' Within the context of politics , a term with a very similar meaning is called dog-whistle politics , which describes the use of coded language to address voters ' interests . Certain sections of the electorate will react strongly to controversial content if spoken of overtly but may not be so attuned that they notice statements that appear neutral to outsiders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1399a5b09760789f559d3b1115a6525a", "text": "Agapius Honcharenko Reverend Agapius Honcharenko ( Агапій Онуфрійович , Агапий Гончаренко August 31 , 1832 -- May 5 , 1916 , real name Andrii Humnytsky , aka Ahapii or Ahapius ) was a Russian and Ukrainian public figure and exiled Greek Orthodox priest . He was a prominent scholar , humanitarian , and early champion for human rights . Born to a prominent Cossack family ( he was a descendant of Ivan Bohun ) in Kryva , Tarascha county , in Kyiv Oblast , Honcharenko was the first Ukrainian political émigré to arrive in the United States . He graduated from the Kyiv Theological Seminary and entered the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra . He was sent to Athens in 1857 to serve as deacon at the embassy 's church , where he began to contribute anonymous articles to Alexander Herzen 's London-based Kolokol that clamored for the emancipation of Russian serfs and denounced his own church for supporting such an unequal system . These articles caused much unrest in Russia , and after months of trying to determine the identity of the mystery writer , Russian authorities discovered and arrested him in 1860 . He was able to escape from the Russian prison in Constantinople by disguising himself as a Turk and walking out the front door . After his escape , he traveled to London to rejoin the Kolokol staff until the newspaper discontinued publication upon the freeing of the serfs , then returned to Athens again . Afterwards , he traveled extensively to Syria , Jerusalem , Egypt and Turkey . While in Alexandria , he served as confessor to Leo Tolstoy . Returning to London , he met Italian patriot Giuseppe Mazzini , who advised him to immigrate to the United States , which he did in 1865 . After his arrival , he traveled around the country , first to Philadelphia where he met the woman who would become his wife . In New York City , he established the first Orthodox liturgy in the U.S. outside of Alaska . He also helped establish a Greek Orthodox church in New Orleans and did work in Alaska before finally settling in San Francisco . Before immigrating , he had changed his name to protect his family from persecution for his anti-Russian writings . Through his travels , he became friends with many notable Americans , among them Eugene Schuyler , Horace Greeley , Charles R. Dana , Hamilton Fish , Henry Wager Halleck , William H. Seward and Henry George . A plain-spoken man , Honcharenko was known to openly denounce his own church for corruption , immorality , and other failings , so much so that he was declared a schismatic . While living in San Francisco , he published The Alaska Herald , aimed at Russian residents of Alaska , from 1868 to 1872 , which included both Russian and Ukrainian language supplements . The Russian supplement titled Svoboda ( Свобода : Freedom ) was the first Russian language newspaper in the U.S. After founding a farm , `` Ukraina Ranch '' , located in Hayward , California , in 1873 , he continued to publish political literature , which was smuggled into Czarist Russia . These actions made him a thorn in the side of pro-Tsarist Russians , who called his writings `` the drivelling of a half crazy old man . '' He and his wife Albina are buried on the farm , which is now registered as California Historical Landmark # 1025 , located in Garin Regional Park near California State University , Hayward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a4a26f87094172c7e3ab426ae3ae8f6", "text": "Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states After the dissolution of the Soviet Union ( USSR ) in December 1991 , about 25 million ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states found themselves living outside the Russian Federation . All former Soviet citizens had a time window within which they could transfer their former Soviet citizenship to Russian citizenship . Where they did not exercise that choice , their resulting citizenship status outside Russia varied by state : from no perceivable change in status - as in Belarus - to becoming permanently resident `` non-citizens '' - as in Estonia and Latvia , which restricted citizenship to their pre-World War II citizens and their offspring ( regardless of ethnic group ) upon restoration of their independence in continuity with their sovereign identities prior to June 1940 . However , most people in practice found the `` time window '' concept not feasible , as the citizenship issue linked closely to the issue of owning property owned by the state before privatization . For many people , a change of citizenship would actually mean relocating and leaving behind everything - or most of what they had previously owned or been able to access . the largest ethnic Russian diaspora populations outside Russia live in the United States and in the `` near abroad '' countries . The populations involved include those in : Ukraine ( about 8 million ) , Kazakhstan ( about 3.8 million ) , the United States ( about 3 million ) , Belarus ( about 780,000 ) , Uzbekistan ( about 650,000 ) Kyrgyzstan ( about 360,000 ) and Latvia ( about 556,422 ) . In June 2006 Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a plan to introduce national policy aiming at encouraging ethnic Russian immigration to Russia . Does not include Abkhazia ( 2011 census : 22,077 Russians or 9.1 % of the population ) or South Ossetia ( 2007 estimate : 2,100 Russians or 3.0 % of the population ) . In Turkmenistan , there were estimated to be at most 150,000 ethnic Russians as of 2007 , or under 2 % of the population . In Uzbekistan the same year , the Russian population stood at some 800,000 people or under 4 % of the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46ab738b7c1b7fa13dbfc71faa907bb0", "text": "Southern Administrative Okrug Southern Administrative Okrug ( Ю́жный администрати́вный о́круг , Yuzhny administrativny okrug ) , or Yuzhny Administrative Okrug , is one of the twelve high-level territorial divisions ( administrative okrugs ) of the federal city of Moscow , Russia . As of the 2010 Census , its population was 1,716,808 , up from 1,593,065 recorded during the 2002 Census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37b3e1099bcb457dce9a0f350732d2c9", "text": "National Committee of Americans of Polish Extraction National Committee of Americans of Polish Extraction , ( Polish : Komitet Narodowy Amerykanów Polskiego Pochodzenia or KNAPP ) also known as the National Committee of Americans of Polish Descent or its Polish abbreviation KNAPP , was a Polish-American organization active in the years 1942-1959 in the United States . KNAPP was created in 1942 by Polish activists in the United States to lobby for Poland 's independence during World War II . The organization viewed Stalin as a threat to Poland , and campaigned against British and American politicians as they made concessions giving Poland to the Soviet Union . Many Polish Americans joined the cause of the KNAPP and other Polonia organizations during World War II ; the group 's membership and public visibility peaked in 1944 . In 1944 , KNAPP started a nationwide Polish American Congress to assemble Polish American leaders for an annual meeting in Buffalo , New York . Following the Yalta Agreement , KNAPP issued messages to its supporters in outrage that the Allies had not honored Poland 's pre-war borders and effectively handed Poland to the USSR . The organization continued in the postwar years lobbying American politicians to raise awareness of atrocities committed against Poles in the Soviet Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "078a4d466b2dcff426914341ba098ff7", "text": "Old Man Bukashkin Evgeny Mikhailovich Malakhin ( -LSB- Евге́ний Миха́йлович Мала́хин , p = jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪj mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ mɐˈlaxʲɪn , a = Yevgyeniy Mihaylovich Malahin.ru.vorb.oga -RSB- 16 September 1938 - 13 March 2005 ) was an artist and poet of Yekaterinburg , Russia , remembered for his bohemian but simplistic lifestyle , short aphoristic verse and extravagant street art . Citizens came to know him simply as the Old Man Bukashkin ( -LSB- Стари́к Бу́кашкин , p = stɐˈrʲik ˈbukəʂkʲɪn -RSB- ) , the person in line somewhat of a skomorokh street-performer tradition . He himself humorously styled his title as `` the People 's Street sweeper of Russia '' , mocking the official People 's Artist title bestowed by the State . Most of his life Evgeny had spent in Yekaterinburg . He graduated with a diploma in power engineering and worked as a power station supervisor . By and by his attention turned to art : he tried to bring the `` modern people 's culture '' to the spotlight , painting pictures over concrete fences of the city , over garbage containers . At some point special areas on existing concrete fences , both permanent and temporary , were granted for use , and this tradition exists in Yekaterinburg to this day . After some time , he gained fame as the most extravagant city 's artist . He also authored short verses and prose and did some traditional art painting . At some moment he was taken up by the idea of posters against drunkenness . The increasing fame brought publishing offers from magazines and newspapers . Along with his friends he started a non-governmental art society `` Kartinnik '' ( from картина - a painting ) . In 1990-1992 he made the whole city surface his canvas , leaving his paintings here and there - on a garage wall , on a concrete fence . These works of art are now lost . Annual posthumous exhibitions of Old Man Bukashkin 's art are run in Yekaterinburg . Ural State University 's culturology and art faculty has a small exhibition devoted to him . In 2007-2008 some tramway cars were decorated with the old works of the members of `` Kartinnik '' society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "255c085e287f07cf9d49b50bf2f6bd25", "text": "Boris Levenson Boris Levenson ( Loewensohn ) ( 1884-1947 ) was a Russian-born American composer . Levenson was born on 22 March 1884 in Ackerman , Bessarabia ( now Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi , Ukraine , then a province of Russian Empire ) . Levenson became a pupil of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov , before becoming a prominent composer of his own right . A Bessarabian Jew , Levenson focused his work on Jewish folk songs . He traveled to the United States in 1920 . His musical output also includes a string quartet among other works . This was performed in a concert of his works in London , England in April , 1920 . He died in March 1947 in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcec2f1a774bd4aeee6ea6ca255c7d30", "text": "Anton Luckievich Anton Ivanavich Lutskyevich ( Антон Іванавіч Луцкевіч , ; 1884 -- 1942 ? ) was a Belarusian publisher , journalist , literary critic , historian and politician . He served as the Prime Minister of Belarus in 1918 . He was born on 29 January 1884 in Šiauliai , Lithuania to a Belarusian family . His brother Ivan Lutskyevich was also a politician . He began working in journalism , such as history , publishing and critics . He was raised as a Roman Catholic . After the Belarusian People 's Republic was proclaimed on 25 March 1918 , Lutskyevich was appointed prime minister . His predecessor was Raman Skirmunt and he was replaced by Vaclau Lastouski . The Belarusian People 's Republic was short-lived . In 1920 , Lutskyevich settled in Vilnius , then in Poland , where he worked as a secondary school teacher and newspaper publisher . He remained active politically until 1933 . He was arrested by the Soviet authorities in September 1939 , and officially died in Kazakhstan in 1946 . He is however said to have died near Saratov on 23 March 1942 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3aaf9001bf7500e7fd47e2ab64051235", "text": "Leonid Krasin Leonid Borisovich Krasin ( Леони́д Бори́сович Кра́син -- 24 November 1926 ) was a Russian engineer , social entrepreneur and Soviet Bolshevik politician and diplomat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a83c83e5bbf3c8749701133ced2b78f", "text": "Russian Cemetery The Russian Cemetery is a historic cemetery on Patten Road in Westford , Massachusetts . The cemetery was established in 1918 by the Russian Brotherhood , a social organization that served as a focal point for Belorussian immigrants who had been recruited by agents for the Abbot Worsted Company to work in its Westford mills . These primarily Russian Orthodox Christians were not allowed to have burials in some of the town 's other cemeteries , prompting the creation of this one , which is distinctive in the town as the only cemetery catering to a specific ethnic group . It has approximately 300 burials , with a significant number of early burials marked with gravestones bearing Cyrillic lettering . The cemetery remains open to members of the local Russian-American community . The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0380953bd4e6c4f8522a16b62f34c010", "text": "Person of Jewish ethnicity Person of Jewish ethnicity is а Russian euphemism for Jews . Several officially sanctioned antisemitic campaigns took place in the Soviet Union , most notably the Doctor 's Plot and the struggle against the `` rootless cosmopolitans '' . However , Jews were never openly and officially declared the enemy of the people . Instead , several euphemisms were used , such as zionists , rootless cosmopolitans and `` persons of Jewish ethnicity '' . There was an important distinction between these words : zionist and rootless cosmopolitans served as a label for `` bad Jews '' as enemies of the state , whereas `` persons of Jewish ethnicity '' was a politically correct expression for good , loyal Jews who were called by some ordinary folks as trained Jews ( the original Russian word '' дресированные '' ( dressage ) typically refers to animals trained to perform in circus ) . However most people realized that all these euphemisms denoted all Jews . A dean of Marxism-Leninism department at one of Soviet Universities explained the policy to his students :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28a34fec043356ccfcbb9946e8b3afc0", "text": "Industrial Union Party The Industrial Union Party ( IUP ) was a US DeLeonist political party . The party proclaimed itself on 7 July 1933 at 1032 Prospect Avenue , Bronx , Branch headquarters of its predecessor Industrial Union League ( IUL ) . The new IUP immediately announced candidates in the New York City elections : Adolph Silver for Mayor , Irving Oring for Comptroller , and Sam Brandon for President of Alderman . The party 's publication , the Industrial Unionist , was published first in May 1932 with its final issue in 1950 . Most of the IUP would later reconstitute itself as the League for Socialist Reconstruction Noting the roots of IUP in the Socialist Labor Party ( SLP ) , IUP 's split from the SLP reflected the impact of the Great Depression and the inability of the SLP to adjust to new events . Yet the immediate roots of the Industrial Union League were in the SLP 's mass expulsion of Section Bronx during the 1920s . ( Industrial Unionist did not appear until 1932 , but its first issue included Louis Lazarowitz ' review of Walter H. Senior 's The Bankruptcy of Reform , published by the Industrial Union League itself ) . In November 1933 a furniture union in Jamestown , New York , the United Workers of America , was founded on industrial unionist principles compatible with the views of the IUP . The union affiliated with the Bronx-based party in December of that year , and soon formed a `` mixed trades '' local in Erie , Pennsylvania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b08e941cadb1fec3703b615b8d0eb9ee", "text": "Leonid Hrach Leonid Ivanovych Hrach , also as Leonid Ivanovich Grach , is a Soviet , Ukrainian , and Russian politician .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af7914b25b167c3b3eeb3c6ea53e4a0a", "text": "Alexander Yablonovsky Alexander Alexandrovich Yablonovsky ( Александр Александрович Яблоновский , born Снадский , Snadsky , 15 November 1870 , Kitrosanovka village , Kherson Governorate , Imperial Russia , - 3 July 1934 , Paris , France ) was a Russian writer , journalist and publicist , a prominent figure of the Russian literary emigration in Paris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bed10baa739381b7eb6254ed833c5ec1", "text": "Russian Soviet Government Bureau The Russian Soviet Government Bureau ( 1919-1921 ) , sometimes known as the `` Soviet Bureau , '' was an unofficial diplomatic organization established by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in the United States during the Russian Civil War . The Soviet Bureau primarily functioned as a trade and information agency of the Soviet government . Suspected of engaging in political subversion , the Soviet Bureau was raided by law enforcement authorities at the behest of the Lusk Committee of the New York State legislature in 1919 . The Bureau was terminated early in 1921 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
84a5d45abe5d39d318d0ca6b039d26b4	Ron Perlman has a full name.	[ { "docid": "72511b307122a402fe9a84a9229f6fec", "text": "Ron Perlman Ronald N. Perlman ( born April 13 , 1950 ) is an American actor and voice actor . He is best known for his roles as Clay Morrow on the television series Sons of Anarchy , Vincent on the television series Beauty and the Beast ( for which he won a Golden Globe Award ) , and as the comic book character Hellboy in both Hellboy ( 2004 ) and its sequel Hellboy II : The Golden Army ( 2008 ) . Perlman is also well known as a frequent collaborator of Hellboy director Guillermo del Toro , also having roles in his films Cronos , Blade II and Pacific Rim . He is also known for his voice-over work as the narrator of the post-apocalyptic game series Fallout , Clayface on Batman : The Animated Series , Slade on the animated series Teen Titans , The Lich in Adventure Time , The Stabbington Brothers in Disney 's animated film Tangled , and as the narrator of the television series 1000 Ways to Die .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bdf6d7154c2c38f07a1ec2f682700ad0", "text": "Ron Kenoly Ron Kenoly ( born December 6 , 1944 ) is an American Christian worship leader , singer , and songwriter whose expressed mission is `` to create an environment for the manifest presence of God '' . His musical style is one of jubilant praise and individual excellence on musical instruments . Although Kenoly himself only plays on one of his recordings , he leads comfortably with his voice and is always backed up by musicians and a large choir . He holds several degrees , including a music degree from Alameda College , a Master of Divinity from Faith Bible College , and a Doctorate of Ministry in Sacred music from Friends International Christian University . His music career began following time spent in the United States Air Force . He was originally with a group called The Mellow Fellows , but family issues caused him to leave the group . His critical success came in 1992 when Lift Him Up became the fastest selling worship album to that point . Welcome Home produced by Tom Brooks was also critically acclaimed , becoming Billboard 's `` Top Indie Contemporary Christian music album '' , and winning a Gospel Music Association Dove Award for `` Praise and Worship Album '' in 1997 . He was signed to Integrity Music , but is no longer recording for them . He began working in full-time ministry in 1985 . He started out as a worship leader at Jubilee Christian Center in San Jose , California . Not long after that , in 1987 , he was ordained and installed as Music Pastor . As worship leader , his sole focus was leading worship service . When he became Music Pastor , he became the shepherd over the entire music department at Jubilee Christian Center . In 1993 , after the success of 2 Integrity recordings , he started receiving invitations from all over the world . Churches not only wanted him to come lead praise and worship , but also to help them develop their music departments . So shortly afterwards , he was named Ambassador of Music at Jubilee Christian Center . He was sent out from the church as an ambassador to the world to help churches develop and find the balance between worship and the Word . In 1996 , he received his Doctorate in Ministry of Sacred Music . In 1999 , he felt the call to move from California to the East Coast . So , he relocated the ministry to Central Florida where he continues to travel , speak , sing and teach and record . He sings over all the world . Kenoly has also written a few books , one of them written with his pastor , Dick Bernal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "348b90b610238be27f35a3761c16db44", "text": "Per-Edvin Persson Per-Edvin Persson ( born 1949 in Helsinki ) is Director of Heureka , the Finnish Science Centre , since 1991 . Before that he was the Director of Science at Heureka ( 1987-1991 ) and the Director of the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies ( 1983-1987 ) . Earlier he was a research scientist at the University of Helsinki , including a fellowship year at the Freshwater Institute in Winnipeg , Canada . Persson 's specialty was tastes and odours in drinking water and fish . He published about 50 scientific papers in his specialty and on eutrophication of waters . He led the international scientific co-operation in this field in 1982-1991 . Persson has held and holds several positions of trust in science policy . He was a member of the Board of the Academy of Finland in 1992-1994 and a member of the Nordic Science Policy Council ( Copenhagen ) in 1986-1992 . He is Chair of the Board of the Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute 2012-2014 . Persson led Heureka to success both at home and internationally . Under his leadership , Heureka 's exhibitions have travelled to 25 countries in four continents where they have been seen by 22 million visitors . Persson served as President of the Nordic Science Centre Association in 1987-1991 , of the European Science Centre Association ECSITE in 1997-1998 and of the international Association of Science-Technology Centers ( ASTC ) in 2004-2005 . He started the tradition of Science Centre World Congresses . He has held and holds several positions of trust in several countries . In Finland , he chairs the educational organisation Svenska folkskolans vänner since 2010 . In 2007 , Persson received the ASTC Fellow Award for Outstanding Contribution . He is Knight ( 1st degree ) of the Order of the White Rose of Finland and Knight of the French order Ordre national du Mérite .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "002041dd6b87ffc8a81f4088a39c6e9a", "text": "Rona glassworks RONA a.s. ( distribution under RONA brand ) is a Slovak drinking glass manufacturer , established in Lednické Rovne , Slovakia , in 1892 . The name RONA comes from the former naming of the village `` Lednicz Rone '' . The company manufactures unleaded drinking glasses , known as crystal glass . 96 % of production is exported and is available in more than 80 countries worldwide . The yearly production of the company exceeds 60 million pieces ( 2016 ) . Product segments include households , the gastronomy business , aerospace , and ship catering . Products of the company can be found at Buckingham palace and the White House . RONA created also a gift set for the football club Manchester United designed for fan shops in 2006 . At the turn of 2008 and 2009 , the company created and manufactured sets for fans of FC Barcelona , composed of stemware for champagne , red and white wines and carafes . The glass from Lednické Rovne can be found in the New York Rockefeller center 's Rainbow Room , and in luxury hotels in Dubai and Las Vegas . The glass from the RONA company is supplied to airlines including : Emirates , Qatar Airways , Etihad , KLM , and American Airlines . Relief stemware set named Harmony was presented in an American sitcom from the world of young physicists , The Big Bang Theory . The main manufacturing programs of the glassworks : An automatic manufacturing of the stemware with attached stem , stemware with pulled stem , large accessory pieces such as vases , bowls , carafes and other accessories Handmade stemware , tumblers , vases , bowls , carafes and accessories Glass ( hand made and machine made ) refinements by various glass decoration techniques ( pantograph etching , cutting , painting , engraving , spraying , screen printing , tampoprint , an automatic calibration by laser ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a9a9fe1912a9971fad531b52d25417f", "text": "Jersey Group The Jersey Group is the company of Danny DeVito and Rhea Perlman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f2987e754ce1cc14906e8add7599105", "text": "Ron Fassler Ron Fassler ( born March 4 , 1957 in New York City ) is an American film and television actor . He is best known for his role as Bryan Grazer , the LAPD captain in the Fox Network cult science fiction TV series Alien Nation . The series was canceled after a short run , but Fox brought it back in 1994 in a series of five TV movies . Fassler reprised his role as Captain Grazer in Alien Nation : Dark Horizon ( 1994 ) , Alien Nation : Body and Soul ( 1995 ) , Alien Nation : Millennium ( 1996 ) , Alien Nation : The Enemy Within ( 1996 ) , and Alien Nation : The Udara Legacy ( 1997 ) . His first TV role was in the 1981 TV movie Senior Trip , which also starred `` Alien Nation '' co-star Jeff Marcus . Seen as Ted Koppel in 2009 ` sWatchmen , Fassler 's first feature film appearance was in the 1990 comedy move Gremlins 2 : The New Batch ( 1990 ) . Other recent films include Charlie Wilson 's War ( 2008 ) , Hancock ( 2008 ) , Walk Hard : The Dewey Cox Story ( 2007 ) , For Your Consideration ( 2006 ) and Flags of Our Fathers ( 2006 ) . Fassler has made many guest appearances on TV shows ranging from NYPD Blue to The Facts of Life , Matlock , 7th Heaven and Star Trek : Voyager , along with recurring roles on Sisters and the recent critically acclaimed Side Order of Life . He even did multiple episodes of The Young and the Restless as Justin Johns . As a writer , Fassler co-wrote the Lifetime TV movie , How I Married My High School Crush ( 2007 ) and also wrote for the sitcom Murphy Brown . More recently , Fassler had a recurring role on the Disney XD sitcom Zeke and Luther where he played reporter Dale Davis . This role has also carried over to other Disney XD sitcoms including Kickin ' It and Pair of Kings . Fassler also appeared in the 2015 movie Trumbo . In recent years , Fassler has been directing shows at Priscilla Beach Theatre . A memoir , `` Up in the Cheap Seats '' which chronicles Fassler 's years as a teenage theatregoer , and includes interviews with more than 100 Broadway theatre artists , will be published in the fall of 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93d95498a85a1afde35db915a78239ca", "text": "Clifford S. Perlman Clifford `` Cliff '' S. Perlman ( March 30 , 1926 -- September 4 , 2016 ) was an American entrepreneur and president and CEO of the Caesars Palace casino in Las Vegas for over a decade . During his ownership he built thousands of additional rooms to what is the current Caesars Palace . Most notably , Perlman , first introduced live sports and boxing to Las Vegas . With his brother Stuart , they founded the international fast food franchise Lum 's and bought , sold , and operated an airline . Perlman , prior to his death , spent his time between his residences in Beverly Hills and Miami .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ebbd9fe9cc8f76f576acdf18ec21c39", "text": "Robert Kaufman Robert Kaufman ( March 22 , 1931 -- November 21 , 1991 ) was an American screenwriter , film producer and television writer known for such films and series as Getting Straight , Love at First Bite , She 's Out of Control , Divorce American Style , The Cool Ones , Freebie and the Bean , How to Beat the High Co $ t of Living , The Monkees , and The Ugliest Girl in Town .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52814fc8ebfc51067ddb9cbce3cdef8a", "text": "Greenwald Greenwald is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Greenwald family , the rabbinic family of Puppa ( Hasidic dynasty ) , originated from Hungary Alex Greenwald ( born 1979 ) , American musician and actor Andy Greenwald ( born 1977 ) , social commentator , specifically about popular music Bruce Greenwald ( born 1946 ) , American economist Glenn Greenwald ( born 1967 ) , attorney , journalist , blogger , author of books , NSA critic Hank Greenwald ( born 1935 ) , former baseball announcer Herbert Greenwald ( 1915 -- 1959 ) , real estate developer associated with Mies Van Der Rohe Jeff Greenwald ( born 1954 ) , author , performer , and Executive Director of Ethical Traveler Louis Greenwald ( born 1967 ) , New Jersey , USA politician Maggie Greenwald ( born 1955 ) , American film director and writer Michael Greenwald , birth name of Michael Kidd ( 1915 -- 2007 ) , American film and stage choreographer Moshe Greenwald ( 1853 -- 1911 ) , Rabbi of Chust , Hungary , and author of Arugas Habosem , a book of responsa Nora Greenwald ( born 1977 ) , also known as Molly Holly , American professional wrestler Robert Greenwald ( born 1945 ) , American film director , film producer , and political activist", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2c663d714bf3ce3b7e62d0cf04a7702", "text": "Ron Roy (producer) Ron Roy is an American actor , producer , director , writer , composer and cinematographer . He is best known as the creator of the Moodtapes DVD/CD nature/relaxation series and the producer/director of the annual comedy special Stand Up Comics Take A Stand , which aired for four years nationally on The Family Channel . He has produced and directed film , television , theater , documentaries , radio , commercials and music videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af615964e549f401fabc2ce69e440aa4", "text": "Arnold S. Relman Arnold Seymour Relman ( June 17 , 1923 -- June 17 , 2014 ) -- known as Bud Relman to intimates -- was an American internist and professor of medicine and social medicine . He was editor of The New England Journal of Medicine ( NEJM ) from 1977 to 1991 , where he instituted two important policies : one asking the popular press not to report on articles before publication and another requiring authors to disclose conflicts of interest . He wrote extensively on medical publishing and reform of the U.S. health care system , advocating non-profit delivery of single-payer health care . Relman ended his career as professor emeritus at Harvard Medical School in Boston , Massachusetts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9fc55240f085111fd034115845d9974", "text": "Howard V. Perlmutter Howard V. Perlmutter ( 4 November 19258 November 2011 ) was an expert on Globalization and Internationalization of Companies . He specialized in the development of international enterprises . He became famous for his 1969 publication of the so-called EPG Model , which he expanded in 1979 together with his colleague David A. Heenan to become the EPRG-Model . The model 's name is an acronym based on the names of the three basic international mindsets of managers described in the model ( Ethnocentrism , Polycentrism , Geocentrism ) and later also Regiocentrism . The model is still basic in international management and international HR management .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "996764549d304625363bc410e5009e52", "text": "Ronald Caltabiano Ronald Caltabiano ( born December 7 , 1959 ) is an American arts administrator and composer of contemporary classical music , with his music showing elements of modernism and romanticism . He holds B.M. , M.M. , and D.M.A. degrees from the Juilliard School , where he studied composition with Elliott Carter and Vincent Persichetti . He also has studied composition with Peter Maxwell Davies and conducting with Harold Farberman and Gennady Rozhdestvensky . His music has been commissioned by the Emerson Quartet , the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center , the San Francisco Symphony , the Dallas Symphony Orchestra , and the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra ; additional ensembles that have performed his works include the Arditti Quartet , the BBC Symphony Orchestra , the Hong Kong Sinfonietta , and the Royal Scottish National Orchestra . A theatrical work , the chamber opera Marrying the Hangman ( 1999 ) , is on a text by Margaret Atwood and was written for the Psappha New Music Ensemble . Caltabiano has received awards from the American Academy of Arts and Letters , the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation , the Rockefeller Foundation , Broadcast Music , Inc. ( BMI ) , and the American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) . Caltabiano worked as an assistant to Aaron Copland during the last five years of that composer 's life , and has served on the faculties of the Manhattan School of Music , Peabody Institute ( Peabody Conservatory ) of the Johns Hopkins University , and San Francisco State University , where he also was Associate Dean of the College of Creative Arts until June 2011 . In January 2011 Ronald Caltabiano was named dean of the Jordan College of Fine Arts at Butler University ( Indianapolis , Indiana ) . Caltabiano is currently the dean of the DePaul School of Music", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c61fdc0345c61572e142251dbff1ba47", "text": "Ron MacLean Ronald Joseph Corbett `` Ron '' MacLean ( born April 12 , 1960 ) is a Canadian sportscaster for the CBC and Sportsnet who is best known as the host of Hockey Night in Canada from 1986 to 2014 and 2016 to present , and is also a hockey referee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f34328f0ee1e297f1ed5fb98fea48a7", "text": "Ron Rubin (voice actor) Ron Rubin ( born May 12 , 1959 ) is a Canadian veteran voice actor who has worked on many animation series including X-Men ( Morph ) , Avengers ( The Vision ) , C.O.P.S. ( Dr Badvibes ) , Police Academy ( Carey Mahoney ) , Beetlejuice ( Doom Buggy ) , Stickin ' Around ( Mr Lederhosen ) and Care Bears ( Messy Bear ) . His voice is most easily recognized as that of Artemis from the English translation of Sailor Moon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2afe00faca460f1f9cb416c5b93c005", "text": "Ronald Rand Ronald Rand is an American stage and film actor , educator , director , playwright , producer , and newspaper publisher . A U.S. Cultural Goodwill Ambassador , Rand has performed his one-man show , `` Let It Be Art ! '' as Harold Clurman since 2001 in 23 countries and 20 states.Founder and Publisher of the newspaper , The Soul of the American Actor , he is also the author of Acting Teachers of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bfcac9936ffd8f5bc410d875640840c", "text": "Nathan D. Perlman Nathan David Perlman ( August 2 , 1887 -- June 29 , 1952 ) was an American lawyer and politician from New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4cb635e90a26032ac7e15a3e0102454", "text": "POV (TV series) POV ( also written P.O.V. ) is a Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) public television series which features independent nonfiction films . POV is an initialism for point of view . POV is the longest-running showcase on television for independent documentary films . PBS presents 14 -- 16 POV programs each year , and the series has premiered over 400 films to U.S. television audiences since 1988 . POVs films have a strong first-person , social-issue focus . Many established directors , including Michael Moore , Jonathan Demme , Terry Zwigoff , Errol Morris , Albert and David Maysles , Michael Apted , Frederick Wiseman , Marlon Riggs , and Ross McElwee have had work screened as part of the POV series . The series has garnered both critical and industry acclaim over its almost 30 years on television . POV films have won every major film and broadcasting award including 34 Emmys , 19 George Foster Peabody Awards , 12 Alfred I. duPont-Columbia Broadcast Journalism Awards , three Academy Awards , the first-ever George Polk Documentary Film Award and the Prix Italia . It is a project of the independent non-profit , American Documentary , Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5efc3dd098852bb464059c7e6a0b5db0", "text": "Leon M. Lederman Leon Max Lederman ( born July 15 , 1922 ) is an American experimental physicist who received the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1982 , along with Martin Lewis Perl , for their research on quarks and leptons , and the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1988 , along with Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger , for their research on neutrinos . He is Director Emeritus of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ( Fermilab ) in Batavia , Illinois , USA . He founded the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy , in Aurora , Illinois in 1986 , and has been Resident Scholar Emeritus since 2012 . In 2012 , he was awarded the Vannevar Bush Award for his extraordinary contributions to understanding the basic forces and particles of nature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fb49053fb492c1580c843a1258b24a2", "text": "Hulman family The Hulman family is a family of Indiana businesspeople and philanthropists best known as the owners of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway , the Indy Racing League and Hulman & Co. , which produces Clabber Girl Baking Powder . Notable members include : Anton `` Tony '' Hulman and Mary Fendrich Hulman Their daughter Mari Hulman George ( born Mary Antonia Hulman ) Her son Tony George ( born Anton Hulman George ) His step-son Ed Carpenter ( racing driver ) Category : People from Indianapolis Category : Families from Indiana", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f00713c9789b370043e06b88622a229c", "text": "Peter A. Rona Peter Arnold Rona ( August 17 , 1934 -- February 20 , 2014 ) was an American oceanographer . He was also a professor of Earth and planetary sciences at Rutgers University .", "title": "" } ]	fever
85dd7e4dce5aa6671263c8102166810a	Ruth Negga is a film actress.	[ { "docid": "b57ca4e802c616a2b5c844dea07a9ab4", "text": "Ruth Negga Ruth Negga ( -LSB- ˈneɪgə -RSB- born 7 January 1982 ) is an Ethiopian born Irish actress , who has appeared in the films Capital Letters ( 2004 ) ( also released as Trafficked in some countries ) , Isolation ( 2005 ) , Breakfast on Pluto ( 2005 ) and Warcraft ( 2016 ) . She has also played roles in television , such as in the BBC 's mini-series Criminal Justice , RTÉ 's Love/Hate , E4 's Misfits , and ABC 's Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. . In 2016 , she began a starring role as Tulip O'Hare in AMC 's Preacher . For her portrayal of Mildred Loving in Loving ( 2016 ) , Negga was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress , Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama , Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead and Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress , as well as the BAFTA Rising Star Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3380c841e3535281569af94965952d20", "text": "Loving (2016 film) Loving is a 2016 American historical drama film which tells the story of Richard and Mildred Loving , the plaintiffs in the 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision Loving v. Virginia , which invalidated state laws prohibiting interracial marriage . The film was produced by Big Beach and Raindog Films , and distributed by Focus Features . The film takes inspiration from The Loving Story ( 2011 ) by Nancy Buirski , a documentary which follows the Lovings and their landmark case . The film was directed by Jeff Nichols , who also wrote the screenplay . Joel Edgerton stars as Richard Loving , with Ruth Negga co-starring as Mildred Loving . Marton Csokas , Nick Kroll , and Michael Shannon are all featured in supporting roles . Principal photography began in Richmond , Virginia on September 16 , 2015 and ended on November 19 . The locations used for Loving were mainly based in Richmond , also in King and Queen County , Caroline County , Central Point , and Bowling Green . Loving began a limited release in the United States on November 4 , 2016 , before a wide release on November 11 , 2016 . The film received positive reviews , and was named one of the best films of 2016 by several media outlets . The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival , and was nominated for numerous awards , including a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor for Edgerton and Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations for Negga .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b3fc5be442fe3ece22268c8a5927d032", "text": "Ruth Gabriel Ruth Gabriel ( born Ruth Sánchez Bueno , San Fernando , Cadiz , Spain ; July 10 , 1975 ) is a Spanish actress . Daughter of the actor Ismael Sánchez Abellán and actress and writer Ana María Bueno ( better known as Ana Rosetti ) , Gabriel was born in San Fernando , Cadiz , but spent her childhood in Madrid . At 14 years of age , she moved to the United States , where she took interpretation classes . She later continued her education in Florence , where her mother had moved . Upon returning to Madrid , she continued her artistic development through dance and fencing classes , working as a waiter . She took the name Ruth Gabriel when she acted in her first film , Días contados by Imanol Uribe . She received the Concha de Oro and the Goya Award for Best New Actress and was nominated for Best Leading Actress . She acted in Señales de fuego , by the Portuguese Luis Filipe Rocha ; Gran Slalom , by Jaime Chávarri ; and 99.9 , by Agustí Villaronga . She participated in the first season of the series Querido maestro , with Imanol Arias y Emma Suárez between 1997 and 1998 . In 1997 she appeared in Nostromo . Her first interpretation job was for the Spanish version of Sesame Street ( Barrio Sésamo '' ) ,", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be5ac1153451460f57677e629c0ee3f4", "text": "Cinema of Sri Lanka Sri Lankan cinema encompasses the films made in Sri Lanka . It is a fledgling industry that has struggled to find a footing since its inauguration in 1947 with Kadawunu Poronduwa produced by S.M. Nayagam of Chitra Kala Movietone . Sri Lankan films are usually made in the Sinhalese language , the language of the majority Sinhala people . In the first nine years most films were made in South India and followed the conventions of Indian cinema . Studio shooting was the norm , with Indian style sets erected in film studios . Even though it is popularly held that Rekava , made in 1956 by pioneer director Lester James Peries , was the first Sinhala film to be shot completely out of studio , it was really the film `` Gambada Sundari '' , made in 1950 which was the first film shot outside studios . It was also the first Sri Lankan film where , like in `` Rekawa '' , the dialog was recorded on the spot . This was because the film was shot on 16mm , using an Auricon sound-on-film camera which recorded the sound on the 16mm film optically , unlike in the case of where the sound was recorded on a Kinevox 35mm magnetic recorder . The film was later ` blown-up ' to 35mm and was screened in Colombo in 1950 . Though `` Rekawa '' was acclaimed by local and international critics , the film failed to find an audience in the country and was a box office failure . Films continued to follow formulaic storylines borrowed from India up through the early 1960s despite such efforts as Sandesaya and Kurulu Bedda . In 1964 , Lester James Peries again contributed to the development of Sri Lankan cinema with Gamperaliya which was the first Sinhala film to feature no songs and like Rekava shot completely outside the studio . It garnered massive praise for portraying Sinhala culture in a realistic manner and was hailed by critics and audiences alike . The producer Anton Wicremasinghe was awarded the Silver Peacock at the New Delhi International Film Festival for Gamperaliya . Following this breakthrough , several artistic Sinhala films were made in the late-1960s including Sath Samudura by professor Siri Gunasinghe , ably supported by exquisite cinematography by Dr.D.B . Nihalsinghe . During the 1970s several talents came to the forefront while commercial cinema continued to steal storylines and plots from Indian films . These include Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha with `` Weilkatara '' - Sri Lanka 's first film in Cinemascope ratio wide screen in 1972 ; Vasantha Obeysekera who followed up his well-received debut Ves Gatho with a slew of successful films culminating with Palangetiyo in 1979 . Another major director who stepped forward during this time is Dharmasena Pathiraja who examined the tensions of city youth in such works as Bambaru Awith and Ahas Gauwa . Artist and poet Mahagama Sekera 's sole film Thun Man Handiya is also an important film in Sri Lankan cinema released in 1970 . Sumitra Peries , the wife of Lester James Peries , also struck out during the 1970s with work that looked at the conflicting roles of women in society . Her work include Gehenu Lamai and Ganga Addara . Over the next few decades , artists such as Tissa Abeysekara , Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha , Udayakantha Warnasooriya , H.D.Premaratne , Ashoka Handagama , Prasanna Vithanage and Vimukthi Jayasundara have attempted to breathe new life into the industry . Nihalsingha was an accomplished cinematographer as well as an editor : so his films has an input which was special and brought a viewpoint to all his films , most of which focused on the exploited women . Vithanage 's film Purahanda Kaluwara is widely considered one of the best movies made in Sri Lanka as is Jayasundara 's Sulanga Enu Pinisa which won the coveted Camera d'Or for best first film at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival . During Sri Lankan Civil War several films have begun to tackle gritty subjects such as family relationships , abortion and results of the conflict between the military and Tamil Tiger rebels in the north . Director Asoka Handagama especially has drawn criticism for pursuing such material in his work . In the recent years high budget films like Aloko Udapadi , Aba ( film ) and Maharaja Gemunu based on Sinhalese epic historical stories gain huge success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8bd6389da4d7f008b6d8032c4d31d45", "text": "Ruth Findlay Not to be confused with the later film actress Ruth Findlay ( 1917 -- 1976 ) Ruth Findlay ( 19 September 1896 -- 13 July 1949 ) was an American stage actress active over the early decades of the twentieth century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efc1999c2db08390fe5a5e3a0e1c3c2d", "text": "Ruth (film) Ruth is an Australian TV play . It was presented as part of the Shell Presents program and starred Lyndall Barbour . It was written by John Glennon , an American actor who appeared in the production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a23820162853d49fc9d52fd9822ca8c", "text": "Cinema of Africa African cinema is film production in Africa . It dates back to the early 20th century , when film reels were the primary cinematic technology in use . The Nigerian film industry is the largest in Africa in terms of value , number of annual films , revenue and popularity . It is also the second and third largest national film industry in the world , based on the number of annual films and revenue respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "882db966183a69ad2063f5c01bf1328c", "text": "Ruth's Two Husbands Ruth 's Two Husbands ( German : Die beiden Gatten der Frau Ruth ) is a 1919 German silent film directed by Rudolf Biebrach and starring Henny Porten , Curt Goetz and Meinhart Maur . The film 's sets were designed by Kurt Dürnhöfer and Jack Winter", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e505ce08107a4dd04fb27d9bc65582d", "text": "Twentieth Century (film) Twentieth Century is a 1934 American pre-Code screwball comedy film . Much of the film is set on the 20th Century Limited train as it travels from Chicago to New York City . The film was directed by Howard Hawks , stars John Barrymore and Carole Lombard , and features Walter Connolly , Roscoe Karns and Edgar Kennedy . Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur adapted their Broadway play of the same name -- itself based on the unproduced play Napoleon of Broadway by Charles Bruce Millholland -- with uncredited contributions from Gene Fowler and Preston Sturges . Along with Frank Capra 's It Happened One Night , also released in 1934 ( which amazingly has exactly the same music over the opening titles ) , Twentieth Century is considered to be a prototype for the screwball comedy . `` Howard Hawks ' rapid-fire romantic comedy established the essential ingredients of the screwball -- a dizzy dame , a charming but befuddled hero , dazzling dialogue and a dash of slapstick . '' Its success propelled Lombard into the front ranks of film comediennes . The film was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8214eacd3042759c27a62afef8cf63d1", "text": "Abhagin Abhagin ( Ill-Fated Woman ) is a 1938 Hindi film directed by Prafulla Roy for New Theatres Ltd. , Calcutta . A bilingual , it was made in Bengali language as Abhigyan . The film was based on a story by Upendranath Ganguly , with dialogues by A. H. Shore . R. C. Boral provided the music composition with lyrics for the Hindi version by Munshi Arzu ( Arzu Lucknawi ) , and by Ajoy Bhattacharya for the Bengali . The screenplay was by Phani Majumdar for whom it was his first independent film as a scriptwriter . Bimal Roy , who was to make a name for himself as a prominent Bengali and Hindi director , was the cinematographer for the film . The cast included Molina Devi , Prithviraj Kapoor , Vijay Kumar , Nemo and Bikram Kapoor . A wife rejected by her in-laws following her abduction is given shelter by the husband 's friend . The story line follows the wife 's ambivalent feelings for her saviour when she 's accepted back into the family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c586c9d6b3ae0b6a47f67f841e06c7ce", "text": "Rahul (film) Rahul is an Indian film directed and produced by Prakash Jha . The film stars Neha , Neena Kulkarni and Gulshan Grover are in lead roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a98bbb5b7405a1d6e0bc72d4c9df851", "text": "Gold Diggin Gold Diggin is a 2014 Nigerian romantic drama film written , produced and directed by Rukky Sanda . It stars Yvonne Nelson , Rukky Sanda , Alex Ekubo , Venita Okpofure and IK Ogbonna . The film was generally panned by critics for having no real purpose or direction ; as of September 2014 , it is the lowest rated film on Nollywood Reinvented .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f177154f2af74476f70fde471aa0576b", "text": "St. Louis Blues (1929 film) St. Louis Blues is a 1929 American two-reel short film starring Bessie Smith . The early sound film features Smith in an African-American speakeasy of the prohibition era singing the W. C. Handy standard , `` St. Louis Blues '' . Directed by Dudley Murphy , it is the only known film of Bessie Smith , and the soundtrack is her only recording not controlled by Columbia Records . Bessie Smith had a hit on the song in 1925 and Handy himself asked Bessie Smith to appear in the movie . Handy co-authored the film and was the musical director . The film was a dramatization of the song , a woman left alone by her roving man . It features a band that included James P. Johnson on piano , Thomas Morris and Joe Smith on cornet , as well as the Hall Johnson Choir with some thrilling harmonies at the end . The film has an all African-American cast . Bessie Smith co-stars with the dancer and actor Jimmy Mordecai as the boyfriend and Isabel Washington Powell as the other woman . It was filmed in June 1929 in Astoria , Queens . The film is about 16 minutes long . In 2006 , this version was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "015e28c8c4dc39858fae3737288827d1", "text": "Not as a Stranger Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson . The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular , topping that year 's list of bestselling novels in the United States . The film was Kramer 's directorial debut and featured Olivia de Havilland and Robert Mitchum in the lead roles , backed by a stellar supporting cast including Frank Sinatra , Gloria Grahame , Broderick Crawford , Charles Bickford , Lon Chaney , Jr. , Harry Morgan , and Lee Marvin . The film was released by United Artists . Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel , From Here to Eternity , two years earlier . Initially a minor box office success , Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today , never receiving widespread distribution on home video . It was first released on DVD in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b4dbc90250f37228ef4674f3bff9f93", "text": "Ruth Maitland Ruth Maitland ( 1880 -- 1961 ) was a British actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71e01b91cd0f83f1e28e19b47ecc22a8", "text": "Derby Day (1952 film) Derby Day is a 1952 British drama film directed by Herbert Wilcox and starring Anna Neagle , Michael Wilding , Googie Withers , John McCallum and Alfie Bass . An ensemble piece , it portrays several characters on their way to the Derby Day races at Epsom Downs Racecourse . It was an attempt to revive the success that Neagle and Wilding had previously had opposite each other , but it failed in this regard . In an effort to promote the film Wilcox arranged for Neagle to launch the film at the 1952 Epsom Derby . In the United States it was released as Four against Fate . While making the film Wilding began dating Elizabeth Taylor , who was in London filming Ivanhoe , and later became her second husband .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22f25db307c88194e134688bc6a1b08e", "text": "Ruth Gibson Ruth Gibson is a British actress , most notable for voicing Little My in the English version of the Moomins on the Riviera animated film and Sabrina Glevissig in The Witcher series . She has also appeared in Babylon ( TV series ) , Doctors ( 2000 TV series ) and Judge John Deed as well as numerous stage plays including Blood Brothers ( musical ) in West End theatre and The Kitchen at the Royal National Theatre . In 2010 she won ` Best Actress in a Leading Role ' in the Manchester Evening News Theatre Awards . She is the Voice of EE Limited .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae1e6595d729f892df9879240971fbbe", "text": "Rama (actress) Rama is an Indian film actress who has appeared in the Tamil film industry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "109d3dd298ae81fa36f7910078c96cfe", "text": "Robyn Nevin Robyn Anne Nevin AM ( 25 September 1942 ) , is an Australian actress , director and former head of the Sydney Theatre Company .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6e465607ad4397c74454a469331f2be0	Alexander Hamilton avoided a college that is now called Columbia University.	[ { "docid": "73b997dbc7219b57ddeea25d619c08fd", "text": "Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton ( January 11 , 1755 or 1757July 12 , 1804 ) was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States . He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution , as well as the founder of the nation 's financial system , the Federalist Party , the United States Coast Guard , and The New York Post newspaper . As the first Secretary of the Treasury , Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of the George Washington administration . He took the lead in the funding of the states ' debts by the Federal government , as well as the establishment of a national bank , a system of tariffs , and friendly trade relations with Britain . His vision included a strong central government led by a vigorous executive branch , a strong commercial economy , with a national bank and support for manufacturing , plus a strong military . This was challenged by Virginia agrarians Thomas Jefferson and James Madison who formed a rival party . They favored strong states based in rural America and protected by state militias as opposed to a strong national army and navy . They denounced Hamilton as too friendly toward Britain and toward monarchy in general , and too oriented toward cities , business and banking . Hamilton was born out of wedlock in Charlestown , Nevis to a married mother of English and French Huguenot ancestry and a Scottish father . His father , James A. Hamilton , was the fourth son of Alexander Hamilton , the laird of Grange , Ayrshire . Orphaned as a child by his mother 's death and his father 's abandonment , Hamilton was taken in by an older cousin and later by a prosperous merchant family . He was recognized for his intelligence and talent , and sponsored by a group of wealthy local men to travel to New York City to pursue his education . Hamilton attended King 's College ( now Columbia University ) , choosing to stay in the Thirteen Colonies to seek his fortune . Discontinuing his studies before graduating when the college closed its doors during British occupation of the city , Hamilton played a major role in the American Revolutionary War . At the start of the war in 1775 , he joined a militia company . In early 1776 , he raised a provincial artillery company , to which he was appointed captain . He soon became the senior aide to General Washington , the American forces ' commander-in-chief . Hamilton was dispatched by Washington on numerous missions to convey plans to his generals . After the war , Hamilton was elected as a representative to the Congress of the Confederation from New York . He resigned to practice law , and founded the Bank of New York . Hamilton was among those dissatisfied with the weak national government . He led the Annapolis Convention , which successfully influenced Congress to issue a call for the Philadelphia Convention in order to create a new constitution . He was an active participant at Philadelphia , and he helped achieve ratification by writing 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers which , to this day , are the single most important reference for Constitutional interpretation . Hamilton became the leading cabinet member in the new government under President Washington . He was a nationalist who emphasized strong central government and successfully argued that the implied powers of the Constitution provided the legal authority to fund the national debt , assume states ' debts , and create the government-backed Bank of the United States . These programs were funded primarily by a tariff on imports , and later also by a highly controversial tax on whiskey . To overcome localism , Hamilton mobilized a nationwide network of friends of the government , especially bankers and businessmen , which became the Federalist Party . A major issue in the emergence of the American two-party system was the Jay Treaty , largely designed by Hamilton in 1794 . It established friendly trade relations with Britain , to the chagrin of France and the supporters of the French Revolution . Hamilton played a central role in the Federalist party , which dominated national and state politics until it lost the election of 1800 to Jefferson 's Democratic-Republican Party . In 1795 , he returned to the practice of law in New York . He tried to control the policies of President Adams ( 1797 -- 1801 ) . In 1798 -- 99 , Hamilton called for mobilization against France after the XYZ Affair and became commander of a new army , which he readied for war . However , the Quasi-War was never officially declared and did not involve army action , though it was hard-fought at sea . In the end , President Adams found a diplomatic solution that avoided a war with France . Hamilton 's opposition to Adams ' re-election helped cause his defeat in the 1800 election . Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college in 1801 , and Hamilton helped to defeat Burr , whom he found unprincipled , and to elect Jefferson despite philosophical differences . Hamilton continued his legal and business activities in New York City , and was active in ending the legality of the international slave trade . Vice President Burr ran for governor of New York State in 1804 , and Hamilton crusaded against him as unworthy . Burr took offense and challenged him to a duel . Burr mortally wounded Hamilton , who died the next day .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "b5e063580ce2d67c36610d7deec67b9b", "text": "Thomas H. Eliot Thomas Hopkinson Eliot ( June 14 , 1907 -- October 14 , 1991 ) was a lawyer , politician , and academic , serving as chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis and in the US House of Representatives from Massachusetts . A great-grandson of Samuel Atkins Eliot and grandson of Charles William Eliot , Eliot was born in Cambridge , Massachusetts into the prominent Eliot family . He attended Browne & Nichols School in Cambridge , graduated from Harvard University in 1928 and was a student at Emmanuel College in Cambridge University , from 1928-29 . He graduated from Harvard Law School in 1932 and was admitted to the bar in 1933 , commencing practice in Buffalo , New York . He served as assistant solicitor in the United States Department of Labor from 1933 -- 35 and as general counsel for the Social Security Board from 1935 -- 38 . He was a lecturer on government at Harvard University in 1937-38 , and regional director of the Wage and Hour Division in the Department of Labor in 1939-40 . In 1938 Eliot , a Democrat , ran for election to the Seventy-sixth Congress , losing to Republican Robert Luce . Eliot defeated Luce in a rematch in 1940 , winning election to the Seventy-seventh Congress ( January 3 , 1941 -- January 3 , 1943 ) . He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1942 to the Seventy-eighth Congress and for nomination in 1944 to the Seventy-ninth Congress ; both times his successful opponent was the colorful longtime Boston politician James M. Curley . Eliot saw war service in 1943 as director of the British Division , Office of War Information , London , England , and special assistant to the United States Ambassador . In 1943-44 he was chairman of the appeals committee of the National War Labor Board . He served with the Office of Strategic Services in 1944 , and from November 1944 to November 1945 was chief counsel of the Division of Power , U.S. Department of the Interior . In addition , Eliot served as New England chairman of the United Negro College Fund . After the war , Eliot engaged in the practice of law in Boston from 1945 -- 50 , before returning to university life . In 1952 he was appointed professor of political science at Washington University in St. Louis , where he wrote Governing America ; the Politics of a Free People : National , State , and Local Government , and American Government : Problems and Readings in Political Analysis . He was a professor of constitutional law from 1958-61 . In 1961 he moved to the Washington University College of Liberal Arts , serving as dean in 1961 -- 62 , and chancellor from 1962 -- 71 . He also served as vice chairman of the United States Commission on Intergovernmental Relations from 1963 -- 67 and as president of the Salzburg Global Seminar from 1971 -- 77 ; and as a teacher at Buckingham , Browne & Nichols School in Cambridge , Mass. ( his high school alma mater , which had merged with another school ) , from 1977 -- 85 . Eliot was a resident of Cambridge until his death there in 1991 . He was interred at Mount Auburn Cemetery , Cambridge , Massachusetts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b7518769a4b5aba086fb3149bae08d9", "text": "James Irvine (educator) James Irvine ( 1793 -- 1835 ) was an educator and Presbyterian minister who served as the second president of Ohio University , located in Athens , Ohio , from 1822 to 1824 . Irvine , a native of Washington County , New York , graduated from Union College , and was hired as a professor of mathematics at Ohio University in 1821 . He became president of the university in 1822 , but served only a year before taking a leave of absence on account of poor health . Irvine never returned from his leave and resigned in 1824 . He was pastor at West Hebron , New York , 1824-31 , and of the Second Presbyterian Church of New York City , 1831-35 . He died in New York City , November 25 , 1835 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2c4cb80cbaa28d1ccba4b06d4575544", "text": "Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton Elizabeth Hamilton ( née Schuyler -LSB- ˈskaɪlər -RSB- August 9 , 1757 -- November 9 , 1854 ) , sometimes called `` Eliza '' or `` Betsey , '' was co-founder and deputy director of the first private orphanage in New York City . She was the wife of American founding father Alexander Hamilton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6282fc3a226f4c3d781c0bd5f1e0d987", "text": "Frank Hastings Hamilton Frank Hastings Hamilton ( September 13 , 1813 in Wilmington , Vermont -- August 11 , 1886 in New York City , New York ) was a noted American surgeon . Hamilton was the son of Calvin and Lucinda ( Hastings ) Hamilton . Through his mother , he was a descendant of Thomas Hastings who came from the East Anglia region of England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634 . Hamilton graduated from Union College in 1830 and received the degree of MD degree at the University of Pennsylvania in 1835 . After teaching in various colleges , he became in 1861 professor in the Bellevue Hospital Medical College . He was a military surgeon for two years in the Civil War and was appointed medical inspector with the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1863 . Among the many positions of honor and trust which he held was the presidency of the New York Society of Medical Jurisprudence . He served as consulting surgeon to various hospitals and asylums and became widely known as an authority on surgery , his three large works having a recognized place in the literature of medical science . They are : Treatise on Fractures and Dislocations ( 1860 ) Practical Treatise on Military Surgery ( 1861 ) The Principles and Practice of Surgery ( 1872 ) In his later years , his place in history was secured by a tragic event . `` Almost immediately after President Garfield was shot in 1881 , Mrs. Garfield insisted upon sending for Dr. Hamilton . He was telegraphed for , and a special train being provided him , he went directly to the President 's bedside . Until the President died , Dr. Hamilton in connection with Drs. Bliss and Agnew was almost constantly in attendance . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a82e3bbf564a624935d906e033f1f92", "text": "Ira Condict The Reverend Ira Condict ( February 21 , 1764 -- June 1 , 1811 ) was an American Presbyterian and Dutch Reformed minister who served as the third president of Queen 's College ( now Rutgers University ) in New Brunswick , New Jersey . A graduate of The College of New Jersey ( now Princeton University ) , Condict was ordained as a minister in the Presbyterian faith . In 1794 , Condict was appointed as Professor of Moral Philosophy at Queen 's College in New Brunswick , and subsequently asked to serve as its third president following the resignation of William Linn . Because the college had closed in 1795 , Condict served in a pro tempore capacity from 1795 to 1810 , dedicating his efforts to providing theological instruction and administering the Queen 's College Grammar School ( now Rutgers Preparatory School ) which remained open during this time . After a difficult fundraising effort led by Condict , Queen 's College was reopened in 1807 and he presided over the laying of the cornerstone for the college 's Old Queens building on 27 April 1809 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b563d4a60a019d2498bfbfa4d03672d", "text": "Federalist No. 36 Federalist No. 36 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton , the thirty-sixth of The Federalist Papers . It was published on January 8 , 1788 under the pseudonym Publius , the name under which all The Federalist Papers were published . This is the last of seven essays by Hamilton on the then-controversial issue of taxation . It is titled , `` The Same Subject Continued : Concerning the General Power of Taxation . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6e6218deb37b8629565a86cc4afda98", "text": "Abraham Baldwin Abraham Baldwin ( November 22 , 1754March 4 , 1807 ) was an American minister , Patriot , politician , and Founding Father . Born and raised in Connecticut , he was a graduate of Yale University Divinity School , after the Revolutionary War Baldwin became a lawyer . He moved to the U.S. state of Georgia in the mid-1780s to work under the governor and develop its educational system . Baldwin is noted as the developer and founding president of the University of Georgia ( 1785-1801 ) , the first state-chartered public institution of higher education in the United States . After serving in the state Assembly , Baldwin was elected as a Georgia representative in the Continental Congress and one of two signatories from Georgia of the United States Constitution . He served in the United States House of Representatives for five terms and in the Senate from 1799 until his death in office in Washington , DC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d42b15e2ab9408ac3ef0b88c69831364", "text": "Hamilton Point Hamilton Point is a flat-topped point marking the south side of the entrance to Markham Bay on the southeast side of James Ross Island , Antarctica . It was discovered by a British expedition under James Clark Ross , 1839 -- 43 , who named it `` Cape Hamilton '' after Captain William Baillie-Hamilton , Royal Navy , then private secretary to the Earl of Haddington , and later Second Secretary to the Admiralty . The point was first surveyed by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskiöld , 1901 -- 04 , and resurveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1953 , who considered `` point '' to be a more suitable descriptive term for the feature than `` cape '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24b35b307155c81981d4576ae7b6fe35", "text": "Aberdeen doctors The Aberdeen doctors or Doctors of Aberdeen were six divines working at Marischal College and King 's College in Aberdeen , Scotland in the seventeenth century . Until 1635 , they enjoyed the leadership of Patrick Forbes , Bishop of Aberdeen . They are distinguished not only for their positions at Aberdeen , but also by their irenicist opposition to the National Covenant of 1638 . Their adherence to Episcopacy and their support for the Articles of the Assembly at Perth ( 1618 ) , which prescribed several English forms of worship , form the backdrop of their opposition to the Presbyterian Covenanters . When Patrick Forbes was consecrated Bishop of Aberdeen in 1618 , he endowed a chair of divinity in each Aberdeen college . He revived the awarding of degrees in divinity which earlier Protestants had suppressed as prideful or as redolent of the Roman Catholic title Doctor of the Church . The early recipients of the Doctor of Divinity who stayed on to teach at the colleges became known as the `` Aberdeen doctors '' . John Dury wrote to the doctors seeking their opinion on the points of dispute between the Lutherans and the Calvinists . Their reply of 20 February 1637 was supported by Robert Baillie but opposed by Samuel Rutherford . On 20 July 1638 , a deputation seeking Aberdeen 's adhesion to February 's National Covenant arrived , comprising the Earl of Montrose , Lord Cupar , the Master of Forbes , and Sir Thomas Burnett , Laird of Leyes representing the nobility ; and Alexander Henderson , David Dickson , and Andrew Cant , the ministry . The doctors were prepared to adhere provided satisfactory answers were given to 14 written questions , termed `` demands '' . The Covenanter ministers ' `` answers '' were submitted the following day , prompting `` replies '' from the doctors and `` second answers '' from the Covenanters , who then left the town . The doctors issued further replies which they called `` duplies '' , which went unanswered . All the texts were quickly printed and widely circulated and debated . The doctors ' obduracy contributed to the First Bishops ' War of 1639 in which the Covenanters sought the submission of Aberdeen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "313d0b586e0ef90f4a309c8df443c032", "text": "Hartley Hall Hartley Hall was the first official residence hall ( or dormitory ) constructed on the campus of Columbia University 's Morningside Heights campus , and currently houses undergraduate students from Columbia College as well as the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science . The building is named for Columbia alumnus Marcellus Hartley Dodge , who donated $ 300,000 for its construction shortly after his graduation . The building was meant as a memorial to his grandfather , Marcellus Hartley , the owner of Remington Arms , who died during Dodge 's sophomore year and who bequeathed him the family fortune . Dodge hoped to create `` the commencement of a true dormitory system '' at Columbia . Construction began on Hartley Hall in 1904 and it opened in tandem with Livingston Hall in 1905 , welcoming students with its lobby of marble and oak . 200 students were housed in corridor-style rooms of various sizes . Lounges provided opportunities for social events such as teas with professors , although there was not yet an undergraduate dining hall on campus . Rooms of the period cost $ 3.30 per week , or $ 129 for the academic year , which , although more expensive than a roominghouse , ultimately allowed even poor students to afford bearth there . University President Nicholas Murray Butler , who presided over the hall 's opening , noted that `` in the interest of true democracy , '' rooms were arranged to allow `` the poorer student to live in the same building and the same entry with him who is better off , and so avoids the chasm between rich and poor living in separate buildings , of which there is so much complaint at Harvard . '' Subsequently , the building became home , among others , to authors Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac , who noted its cockroach problem . Overhauled during a 1980s renovation , the dorm is now organized into mostly two-story suites , where up to 15 students live in single and double rooms . The suites ' common space includes kitchens , bathrooms and living/dining areas . Along with neighboring Wallach Hall , it is currently part of the Living and Learning Center ( LLC ) , home to suite-style housing that intermingles all class levels and features interactive events designed to draw them together . An application process is required to obtain housing in either of the LLC dormitories . Hartley also houses Columbia 's undergraduate housing office . A small kosher deli used to be housed on the main floor . It was recently moved in 2007 to John Jay Hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6d570fe5d015445a6b4373924696f7b", "text": "Andrew Hamilton Andrew Hamilton may refer to : Andrew Hamilton ( footballer ) ( 1882 -- 1915 ) , Scottish footballer Andrew Hamilton ( New Jersey ) ( died 1703 ) , colonial governor of New Jersey Andrew Hamilton ( lawyer ) ( c. 1676 -- 1741 ) , attorney for John Peter Zenger in libel case , and Pennsylvania Attorney General Andrew Jackson Hamilton ( 1815 -- 1875 ) , US congressman and provisional governor of Texas Andrew H. Hamilton ( 1834 -- 1895 ) , US congressman Andrew D. Hamilton ( born 1952 ) , President of New York University and former Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford Andrew Hamilton ( rugby league ) ( born 1971 ) , Australian rugby league player Andy Hamilton may refer to : Andy Hamilton ( born 1954 ) , British entertainer Andy Hamilton ( saxophonist ) ( 1918 -- 2012 ) , Jamaican-born British jazz saxophonist Andy Hamilton ( American football ) ( born 1950 ) , American football player Andy Hamilton ( pop musician ) ( born 1953 ) , British pop saxophonist Andy Hamilton ( darts player ) ( born 1967 ) , British darts player Andy Hamilton ( author ) ( born 1974 ) , British author", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e69a0ec21e4124f8a3166ce83757692f", "text": "Charles Clinton Beatty Charles Clinton Beatty was a Presbyterian minister , seminary founder , and academic philanthropist . He was born on January 4 , 1800 Princeton , New Jersey . His grandfather , Charles Beatty , was a Presbyterian minister , and his father , Erkuries Beatty , was an officer during the Revolutionary War . Beatty was of Scotch Irish descent . He attended College of New Jersey ( now Princeton University ) , and its Seminary ( now Princeton Theological Seminary ) . Beatty was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of New Brunswick in January 1822 . He was elected Moderator of the General Assembly in May 1862 . He was a director and professor at Western Theological Seminary ( now Pittsburgh Theological Seminary ) . In 1829 , he and his wife founded the Steubenville Female Seminary in Steubenville , Ohio and he was superintendent . In 1861 , he received an honorary degree from Washington College . He was elected trustee of Washington College on September 1 , 1863 . On November 6 , 1863 , Beatty , offered $ 50,000 to entice ailing Washington College and Jefferson schools to unify . Beatty had a number of familiar and social connections to Washington College , including a stint in leadership of the Synod of Wheeling . This inducement was enough to encourage the schools to unify as Washington & Jefferson College . On April 12 , 1865 , he was elected trustee of the unified Washington & Jefferson College , a position he held until his death . He died on October 30 , 1882 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3bf4222ca701311841f5fa40127b80a", "text": "Tyranny of the majority Tyranny of the majority ( or tyranny of the masses ) refers to an inherent weakness of direct democracy and majority rule in which the majority of an electorate can place its own interests above , and at the expense of , those in the minority . This results in oppression of minority groups comparable to that of a tyrant or despot . Potentially , through tyranny of the majority , a disliked or unfavored ethnic , religious , political , or racial group may be deliberately targeted for oppression by the majority element acting through the democratic process . American founding father Alexander Hamilton writing to Jefferson from the Constitutional Convention argued the same fears regarding the use of pure direct democracy by the majority to elect a demagogue who , rather than work for the benefit of all citizens , set out to either harm those in the minority or work only for those of the upper echelon . The Electoral College mechanism present in the indirect United States presidential election system , and the phenomenon of faithless electors allowed for within it , was , in part , deliberately created as a safety measure not only to prevent such a scenario , but also to prevent the use of democracy to overthrow democracy for an authoritarian , dictatorial or other system of oppressive government . As articulated by Hamilton , one reason the Electoral College was created was so `` that the office of President will never fall to the lot of any man who is not in an eminent degree endowed with the requisite qualifications '' . The scenarios in which tyranny perception occurs are very specific , involving a sort of distortion of democracy preconditions : Centralisation excess : when the centralised power of a federation make a decision that should be local , breaking with the commitment to the subsidiarity principle . Typical solutions , in this condition , are concurrent majority and supermajority rules . Abandonment of rationality : when , as Tocqueville remembered , a decision `` which bases its claim to rule upon numbers , not upon rightness or excellence '' . The use of public consultation , technical consulting bodies , and other similar mechanisms help to improve rationality of decisions before voting on them . Judicial review ( e.g. declaration of nullity of the decision ) is the typical way after the vote . In both cases , in a context of a nation , constitutional limits on the powers of a legislative body , and the introduction of a Bill of Rights have been used to counter the problem . A separation of powers ( for example a legislative and executive majority actions subject to review by the judiciary ) may also be implemented to prevent the problem from happening internally in a government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14b3dc86e918fb818d41b412e0339f4e", "text": "List of state universities in the United States In the United States , a state college or state university is one of the public colleges or universities funded by or associated with the state government . In some cases , these institutions of higher learning are part of a state university system , while in other cases they are not . Several U.S. territories also administer public colleges and universities . The U.S. federal government does not run colleges or universities except for the service academies , the Community College of the Air Force , the Naval Postgraduate School , the Air Force Institute of Technology , the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , military war colleges and staff colleges , and Haskell Indian Nations University . Additionally , Georgetown University , Gallaudet University , Howard University , and American University are private universities that are federally chartered . However , the federal government does make grants to state universities . These state , as well as private , universities are accredited by different regional , not national , accreditation agencies , including the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools , the New England Association of Schools and Colleges , the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities , the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools , the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools , and the Western Association of Schools and Colleges , depending on which region of the United States the university is located in . These accreditation agencies ' approvals are critical to a university 's operations and public reputation . If a university loses accreditation or is not accredited in the first place , students will be reluctant to either continue or enroll at the school because the degree will be seen as being worthless . In a worst-case scenario , a university can shut down completely . The aforementioned agencies are all recognized by the United States Department of Education . Most state universities receive at least part of their funding from the state , although many have substantial income from tuition and fees , endowment proceeds , donations ( such as from alumni or philanthropists ) , and revenue from royalties . State universities usually offer lower tuition costs to in-state residents . According to the College Board , public four-year colleges charge on average $ 7,605 per year in tuition and fees for full-time in-state students and $ 11,990 for out-of-state students . In some states , e.g. Maryland , Tennessee , Indiana , and Washington , there is a campus designated as the `` flagship '' campus in the state 's university system , which generally is the most prestigious campus and the largest campus in student population , e.g. the University of Maryland College Park campus in the University System of Maryland , the Indiana University Bloomington campus in the Indiana University System , the University of Tennessee Knoxville campus in the University of Tennessee System , and the University of Washington 's Seattle campus in the University of Washington System . However , in some other states , the state universities are treated as equal partners ; therefore there is no officially recognized flagship campus in the state 's university system . There are a number of states that have more than one university system , e.g. California with 2 ; Colorado with 2 ; New York with 2 ; and Texas with 6 ( the most ) . Notes : As a general rule , schools are not alphabetized by their complete names , but rather by the names by which they are normally called . For example , in a list alphabetized by normal rules , `` Auburn University '' would precede `` University of Alabama , '' but the schools are virtually always referred to in popular conversation as `` Auburn '' and `` Alabama '' ( followed by a campus identifier if required by the context ) . Therefore , in this article , `` Alabama '' precedes `` Auburn '' . The list includes some of the more common academic nicknames or acronyms used for certain colleges or universities , e.g. `` Ole Miss '' for the University of Mississippi , `` Idaho State '' for Idaho State University , or `` UNF '' for the University of North Florida , not the `` Rebels '' , `` Bengals '' , or `` Ospreys '' , respectively . To minimize any confusion regarding acronyms , either the first school listed or the school that is more nationally known having an acronym the same as another has the acronym provided , e.g. San Diego State University has the acronym `` SDSU '' included because it is listed before South Dakota State University , and Arizona State University has the acronym `` ASU '' given because it is better known nationally than Alabama State . In addition , only acronyms that are unique are given , e.g. `` UW Tacoma '' for the University of Washington 's Tacoma campus or `` UNH '' for the University of New Hampshire . The list also includes schools that grant first-professional doctorates only ( e.g. , medical schools , law schools , or veterinary schools ) that are independent of any other school in a state system . To see a list of community colleges and technical centers in the United States that offer only associate 's degrees , visit the community colleges list . To see a list of tribal colleges and universities in the United States , visit the tribal colleges and universities list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecdeabf89d423f98dea8b4ed60ab39fa", "text": "Philolexian Society The Philolexian Society of Columbia University is one of the oldest college literary and debate societies in the United States , and the oldest student group at Columbia . Founded in 1802 , the Society aims to `` improve its members in Oratory , Composition and Forensic Discussion . '' The name Philolexia is Greek for `` love of discourse , '' and the society 's motto is the Latin word Surgam , meaning `` I shall rise . '' Philolexian ( known to members as `` Philo , '' pronounced with a long `` i '' ) has been called the `` oldest thing at Columbia except the College itself , '' and it has been an integral part of Columbia from the beginning , providing the institution with everything from its colors , Philolexian Blue ( along with White , from her long-dispatched rival Peithologian Society ) , to some of its most solemn traditions and many of its most noted graduates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "867deb9fa694662bf52a5a57e77fb206", "text": "Union College Union College is a private , non-denominational liberal arts college located in Schenectady , New York , United States . Founded in 1795 , it was the first institution of higher learning chartered by the New York State Board of Regents . In the 19th century , it became the `` Mother of Fraternities '' , as three of the earliest such organizations were established there . After 175 years as a traditional all-male institution , Union College began enrolling women in 1970 . The college offers a liberal arts curriculum across some 21 academic departments , as well as opportunities for interdepartmental majors and self-designed organizing theme majors . In common with most liberal arts colleges , Union offers a wide array of courses in arts , sciences , literature , and foreign languages , but , in common with only a few other liberal arts colleges , Union also offers ABET-accredited undergraduate degrees in computer engineering , bioengineering , electrical engineering , and mechanical engineering . Approximately 25 % of students major in the social sciences ; 10 % in psychology ; 11 % in engineering ; 10 % in biology ; 9 % in history ; and 10 % in the humanities ; while some 5 % design their own majors . By the time they graduate , about 60 % of Union students will have engaged in some form of international study or study abroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56348d4b7be7175066e1bc5016267736", "text": "Robert Hamilton Bishop Robert Hamilton Bishop ( July 26 , 1777 in West Lothian , Scotland -- April 29 , 1855 in Pleasant Hill , Ohio ) was a Scottish-American educator and Presbyterian minister who became the first president of Miami University in Oxford , Ohio . A professor of history and political science , he wrote about the history of the early churches in the United States , as well as theology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d418ce8381f7e39a44c0950086954201", "text": "Kathy Hamilton Kathy Hamilton is an Illinois elected official who serves as the chairwoman of the Board of Trustees at the College of DuPage , a community college in the Chicago suburbs . She was chosen as chairwoman after the election of three `` clean slate '' candidates backed by Hamilton in April 2015 . Hamilton is a registered CPA and holds a BA and an MBA in finance . Her term as a trustee of the college has been marked with controversy for her , the college and the college 's top administrators . When the administration came under media scrutiny in 2014 for a number of incidents related to its spending practices , Hamilton made national headlines for trying to make public the details of the college 's spending . She opposed a tuition hike ; spoke out against the college 's attempt to get a $ 20 million grant from the state ; pushed for transparency following the exposure of the college president spending college funds on personal items ; and openly criticized the college 's spending and accounting practices . Following these events , she was formally censured by the college 's board of trustees . Following her censure , local and national media outlets published stories supporting Hamilton and chastising the college . The Chicago Tribune criticized the college president 's actions and the board 's censure of Hamilton . Forbes magazine praised her efforts to require public transparency of the college 's finances . The Washington Times gave the college its Golden Hammer Award , which the newspapers uses to spotlight waste , fraud and abuse in government . Subsequent to the Hamilton 's censure , she continued her public efforts to implement fiscal responsibility and was the only member of the board to vote against a taxpayer-funded $ 760,000 early retirement buyout of the college president 's contract . The buyout also became a widely covered event in the media and invoked negative reactions from the local community and several Illinois state legislators .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b4c778a39e882a7974e31208279af67", "text": "James M. Mathews Rev. James M. Mathews was the first Chancellor of New York University ( NYU ) . In December 1829 , a group formed as the `` New York Athenaeum '' led by Albert Gallatin and Rev. James Mathews , and including representatives of the clergy , the commercial occupations , law , and medicine , met at the home of Reverend Matthews . Backers of a new college also included several disaffected Columbia University trustees and faculty . This gathering resulted in the call for a public meeting for the design and establishment of New York University . At the public meeting , held at the New York Historical Society in January 1830 , Jonathan M. Wainwright of Grace Episcopal Church , echoing the thinking of the group , proposed a curriculum based on `` useful instruction '' . Rev. James M. Mathews was first Chancellor of New York University largely due to the confidence that Albert Gallatin had in him . New York University opened for instruction in Clinton Hall , opposite City Hall Park from Columbia College in a building secured through the assistance of Matthews . The building would only be NYU 's home for a few years as Mathews looked uptown for a more suitable and permanent academic environment , more specifically bucolic Greenwich Village . Rev. Mathews was also instrumental in the financial development , faculty and student growth and facility improvement of the university . He published a series of defenses of the Constitution and civil government as consistent with the Bible . And in 1859 he delivered a baccalaureate address at the Virginia Military Institute . Category : Presidents of New York University Category : Union College ( New York ) alumni Category : Year of death missing Category : Year of birth missing", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a1c51a008380ac85c2e811545a06808", "text": "Jonathan Dickinson Sergeant Jonathan Dickinson Sergeant ( 1746 -- October 8 , 1793 ) was an American lawyer from Princeton , New Jersey . He represented New Jersey in the Second Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777 . He later served as Attorney General for the state of Pennsylvania . Sergeant was born in Newark , New Jersey in 1746 , but moved with his parents to Princeton . He completed his initial studies and attended the College of New Jersey ( now Princeton University ) , receiving his degree in 1762 . His maternal grandfather , Jonathan Dickinson , had been the first president of the college at its founding in 1747 . After Sergeant 's graduation from the College of Philadelphia ( now the University of Pennsylvania ) in 1763 with an A.B. degree , he read for the law and entered practice in Princeton in 1767 . From 1774 to 1776 he was a member of the revolutionary New Jersey Provincial Congress . In early 1776 he went as a delegate to the Continental Congress , but he resigned in June to return home and serve on the committee that drafted New Jersey 's first constitution . In November he returned again to the national congress . In September 1777 he resigned from Congress a second time , this time to accept office as the attorney general of Pennsylvania . He permanently moved to Philadelphia and opened a law practice there on his return to private life in 1780 . Sergeant died in Philadelphia in 1793 and was originally buried in the Old Presbyterian Churchyard at Fourth and Pine Streets . In 1878 , he was re-interred in the Laurel Hill Cemetery . His son John Sergeant later represented Pennsylvania in the U.S. Congress . Another son , Thomas Sergeant , served as Pennsylvania secretary of state , attorney general and on the state Supreme Court .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c8912dfdf63047770e8ddc43f733e9f1	Cristiano Ronaldo was unathletic.	[ { "docid": "0a3cf0325829fcdc5c44f08b6400c89d", "text": "2006 FIFA World Cup The 2006 FIFA World Cup was the 18th FIFA World Cup , the quadrennial international football world championship tournament . It was held from 9 June to 9 July 2006 in Germany , which won the right to host the event in July 2000 . Teams representing 198 national football associations from all six populated continents participated in the qualification process which began in September 2003 . Thirty-one teams qualified from this process , along with the host nation , Germany , for the finals tournament . It was the second time that Germany staged the competition ( the first was in 1974 as West Germany and also a re-FIFA World Cup ) , and the tenth time that it was held in Europe . Italy won the tournament , claiming their fourth World Cup title . They defeated France 5 -- 3 in a penalty shootout in the final , after extra time had finished in a 1 -- 1 draw . Germany defeated Portugal 3 -- 1 to finish in third place . Angola , Ghana , Ivory Coast , Serbia and Montenegro , Trinidad and Tobago , and Togo made their first appearances in the finals . The 2006 World Cup stands as one of the most watched events in television history , garnering an estimated 26.29 billion non-unique viewers , compiled over the course of the tournament . The final attracted an estimated audience of 715.1 million people . The 2006 World Cup ranks fourth in non-unique viewers , behind the World Cup in 1994 , 2002 , and 1990 . As the winner , Italy represented the World in the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f926e2976ef1d8c3d7928198b11210bc", "text": "Ballon d'Or The Ballon d'Or ( -LSB- balɔ̃ dɔʁ -RSB- ; `` Golden Ball '' ) , is an annual association football award presented by France Football . It has been awarded since 1956 , although between 2010 and 2015 , an agreement was made with FIFA and the award was temporarily merged with the FIFA World Player of the Year , and known as the FIFA Ballon d'Or . Conceived by sports writer Gabriel Hanot , the Ballon d'Or award honours the male player deemed to have performed the best over the previous year , based on voting by football journalists . Originally , only European players were in contention for the Ballon d'Or : in 1995 the award was expanded to include all players at European clubs and in 2007 to all players from around the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98682560a8710d2a3a1d07d8adb8ce8d", "text": "2013 FIFA Ballon d'Or The 2013 FIFA Ballon d'Or Gala was the fourth year for FIFA 's awards for the top football players and coaches of the year . The awards were given out in Zürich on 13 January 2014 . The deadline for voting was 15 November 2013 but was unexplicably extended to 29 November 2013 for the first time in history . Real Madrid and Portugal winger Cristiano Ronaldo won the Ballon d'Or award as the World Player of the Year . It was his second Ballon d'Or , after winning the award in 2008 , as well as his first FIFA Ballon d'Or . With the win , he ended Lionel Messi 's domination of the award . Nadine Angerer was announced as the Women 's World Player of the Year recipient , while Jupp Heynckes claimed the World Coach of the Year for Men 's Football , and Silvia Neid the World Coach of the Year for Women 's Football . The ninety-minute ceremony was hosted by Fernanda Lima along with Ruud Gullit . The 2013 voting extension remains the greatest scandal in the award 's history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9f0ce7175b813bf0e44b898ad3e8247", "text": "List of men's association football players with 50 or more international goals As of 28 March 2017 , a total of 55 male players have each scored fifty or more goals in official international association football matches . The only male player to score more than a hundred goals is Ali Daei , who scored 109 goals for Iran .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8e5605c6d5756701022cd9b83ebfdbd", "text": "Manchester United F.C. Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford , Greater Manchester , England , that competes in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . Nicknamed `` the Red Devils '' , the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878 , changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium , Old Trafford , in 1910 . Manchester United are the most successful club in England , having won a record 20 League Titles , 12 FA Cups , 5 League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields . The club has also won three UEFA Champions League , one UEFA Europa League , one UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , one UEFA Super Cup , one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup . In 1998 -- 99 , the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the treble of the Premier League , the FA Cup and the UEFA Champions League . In 2016 -- 17 , they also , by winning the UEFA Europa League , became one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions . In winning all three top domestic trophies ( as well as both iterations of the English championship ) , all three major European trophies , both the domestic and European super cups , and both international titles ( the now-defunct Intercontinental Cup in 1999 and its successor , the FIFA World Club Cup in 2008 ) , the club has achieved a clean sweep of all top honours available to it ; the first and thus far only English club to do so . The 1958 Munich air disaster claimed the lives of eight players . In 1968 , under the management of Matt Busby , Manchester United became the first English football club to win the European Cup . Alex Ferguson won 38 trophies as manager , including 13 Premier League titles , 5 FA Cups and 2 UEFA Champions Leagues , between 1986 and 2013 , when he announced his retirement . José Mourinho is the club 's current manager , having been appointed on 27 May 2016 . Manchester United was the highest-earning football club in the world for 2015 -- 16 , with an annual revenue of $ 689 million , and the world 's third most valuable football club in 2015 , valued at # 1.98 billion . As of June 2015 , it is the world 's most valuable football brand , estimated to be worth $ 1.2 billion . After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991 , the club was purchased by Malcolm Glazer in May 2005 in a deal valuing the club at almost # 800 million , after which the company was taken private again , before going public once more in August 2012 , when they made an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange . Manchester United is one of the most widely supported football clubs in the world , and holds several rivalries with other clubs , most notably with Liverpool , Manchester City and Leeds United , and more recently with Arsenal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aefcf446b8af07cc41fd63508d47a281", "text": "Jimmy Greaves James Peter Greaves ( born 20 February 1940 ) is a former England international footballer who played as a forward . He is England 's fourth highest international goalscorer ( 44 goals ) , Tottenham Hotspur 's highest ever goalscorer ( 266 goals ) , the highest goalscorer in the history of English top-flight football ( 357 goals ) , and has also scored more hat-tricks ( six ) for England than anyone else . He finished as the First Division 's top scorer in six seasons . He is a member of the English Football Hall of Fame . Greaves began his professional career at Chelsea in 1957 , and played in the following year 's FA Youth Cup final . He scored 124 First Division goals in just four seasons before being sold on to Italian club A.C. Milan for # 80,000 in April 1961 . His stay in Italy was not a happy one and he returned to England with Tottenham Hotspur for a fee of # 99,999 in December 1961 . Whilst with Spurs he won the FA Cup in 1961 -- 62 and 1966 -- 67 , the Charity Shield in 1962 and 1967 , and the European Cup Winners ' Cup in 1962 -- 63 ; he never won a league title but did help Spurs to a second-place finish in 1962 -- 63 . He moved to West Ham United in a player-exchange in March 1970 and retired the following year . After a four-year absence he returned to football at the non-league level , despite suffering from alcoholism . In a five-year spell he played for Brentwood , Chelmsford City , Barnet , and Woodford Town . Greaves scored 13 goals in 12 England under-23 internationals and scored 44 goals in 57 full England internationals between 1959 and 1967 . He played in the 1962 and 1966 FIFA World Cup , but was injured in the group stage of the 1966 World Cup and lost his first team place to Geoff Hurst , who kept Greaves out of the first team in the final . England won the World Cup , but Greaves was not given his medal until a change of FIFA rules in 2009 . After retiring as a player Greaves went on to enjoy a career in broadcasting , most notably working alongside Ian St. John on Saint and Greavsie from 1985 to 1992 . During this period , he also made regular appearances on TV-am . He worked on a number of other sport shows on ITV during this period , including Sporting Triangles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4031f48e3656ccb21ac0584ec12fc06a", "text": "Cristiano Ronaldo Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro , ( -LSB- kɾiʃ ` tjɐnu ʁuˈnaɫdu -RSB- , born 5 February 1985 ) is a Portuguese professional footballer for Spanish club Real Madrid and the Portugal national team . He primarily plays as a forward , but has also been deployed as a winger and serves as captain for Portugal . In 2008 , he won his first Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards . Ronaldo then won the FIFA Ballon d'Or in 2013 and 2014 . In 2016 , he received his fourth Ballon d'Or , the most for a European player in the history of the award , and the inaugural Best FIFA Men 's Player . In 2015 , Ronaldo scored his 500th senior career goal for club and country . Two years later , he surpassed Jimmy Greaves as the all-time top-scorer in the top five European leagues . Often ranked the best player in the world and widely regarded as one of the greatest of all time , Ronaldo was named the best Portuguese player of all time by the Portuguese Football Federation , during its 100th anniversary celebrations in 2015 . He was the first player to win four European Golden Shoe awards . One of the most marketable athletes in sport , in 2016 Forbes named Ronaldo the world 's best paid athlete . ESPN ranked him the world 's most famous athlete in 2016 and 2017 . Ronaldo began his senior club career playing for Sporting CP , before signing with Manchester United at age 18 in 2003 . After winning his first trophy , the FA Cup , during his first season in England , he helped United win three successive Premier League titles , a UEFA Champions League title , and a FIFA Club World Cup . By age 23 , he had received Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations . He was the subject of the most expensive association football transfer when he moved from Manchester United to Real Madrid in 2009 in a transfer worth $ 94 million ( $ 132 million ) . In Spain , he has won two La Liga titles , two Copas del Rey , two Champions League titles , and two Club World Cups . Ronaldo holds the record for most goals scored in a single UEFA Champions League season , having scored 17 goals in the 2013 -- 14 season . In 2014 , Ronaldo became the fastest player to score 200 goals in La Liga , which he achieved in his 178th La Liga game . He is the only player in the history of football to score more than 50 goals in a season on six consecutive occasions . In 2015 , Ronaldo became the all-time top goalscorer in the UEFA Champions League , and he also became Real Madrid 's all-time leading goalscorer . In 2017 , he became the first player to reach 100 goals in European club competitions , as well as in the UEFA Champions League . He is the second highest goalscorer in La Liga history behind Lionel Messi , his perceived career rival . Ronaldo made his international debut for Portugal in August 2003 , at the age of 18 . He is Portugal 's most capped player of all time with over 130 caps , and has participated in seven major tournaments : four UEFA European Championships ( 2004 , 2008 , 2012 and 2016 ) and three FIFA World Cups ( 2006 , 2010 and 2014 ) . He is the first Portuguese player to reach 50 international goals , making him Portugal 's all-time top goalscorer . He scored his first international goal in Euro 2004 and helped Portugal reach the final . He took over full captaincy in July 2008 , and he led Portugal to the semi-finals at Euro 2012 , finishing the competition as joint-top scorer . In November 2014 , Ronaldo became the all-time top scorer in the UEFA European Championship ( including qualifying ) with 23 goals . At Euro 2016 , he became the most capped player of all-time in the tournament , the first player to score at four consecutive European Championship finals , and also equalled Michel Platini 's all-time record for most goals scored in the competition . Ronaldo lifted the trophy after Portugal defeated France in the final , and he received the Silver Boot as the second-highest goalscorer of the tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e30bb5855a60dfcb5c9b635fcf98e2", "text": "List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League top scorers The UEFA Champions League , known until 1992 as the European Champion Clubs ' Cup or colloquially as the European Cup , is an annual association football cup competition organised by UEFA since 1955 . Originally a straight knockout competition open only to champion clubs , the tournament was expanded during the 1990s to incorporate a round-robin group phase and more teams . The expansion resulted in more games being played , increasing players ' goalscoring chances , thus the list below is weighted in favour of modern players . On April 2017 Cristiano Ronaldo became the First player to score 100 goals in this competition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f38c0e1b64c5119ec8fdf017390994b", "text": "Michel Platini Michel François Platini ( born 21 June 1955 ) is a French former football player , manager and administrator . Nicknamed Le Roi ( The King ) for his ability and leadership , he is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time . Platini won the Ballon d'Or three times , in 1983 , 1984 and 1985 , and came sixth in the FIFA Player of the Century vote . In recognition of his achievements , he was named Chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 1985 and became Officier in 1988 . During his career , Platini played for the clubs Nancy , Saint-Étienne , and Juventus . Despite primarily serving as an advanced midfield playmaker , he was a prolific goalscorer ; he won the Serie A capocannoniere award three consecutive times between 1983 and 1985 , and was the top scorer of Juventus 's victorious 1984 -- 85 European Cup campaign . Platini was a key player of the French national team that won the 1984 European Championship , a tournament in which he was the top scorer and best player , and reached the semi-finals of the 1982 and 1986 World Cups . Together with the midfielders Alain Giresse , Luis Fernández and Jean Tigana , he formed the carré magique ( magic square ) of the French team in the 1980s . Platini was his country 's record goalscorer until 2007 , and holds the record for most goals ( 9 ) scored in the European Championship despite only appearing in the victorious 1984 edition . Following his retirement as a player , Platini was the French national team coach for four years , and was the co-organizer of the 1998 World Cup in France . From 2007 , he served as the president of the Union of European Football Associations ( UEFA ) . He also held the positions of chairman of FIFA 's Technical and Development Committee and vice-president of the French Football Federation . In 2015 , however , he was banned from football administration for conflict of interest by the FIFA Ethics Committee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4095dfbc5bcc7cdd19f377e8b34a7c4d", "text": "Portugal national football team The Portugal national football team ( Seleção Portuguesa de Futebol , -LSB- sɨlɛˈsɐ̃w puɾtuˈgezɐ dɨ futɨˈbɔl -RSB- ) represents Portugal in international men 's association football competition since 1921 . It is controlled by the Portuguese Football Federation , the governing body for football in Portugal . Portugal 's first participation in a major tournament finals , at the 1966 FIFA World Cup , saw a team featuring famed striker Eusébio finish in third place . The next two times Portugal qualified for the World Cup finals were in 1986 and 2002 , going out in the first round both times . Portugal also made it to the semi-finals of the UEFA Euro 1984 final tournament , losing 3 -- 2 after extra time to the hosts and eventual winners France . The team reached the semi-finals of Euro 2000 , the 2006 World Cup and Euro 2012 , as well as the final of Euro 2004 , the latter on home soil . At Euro 2016 , Portugal won its first ever major trophy , defeating hosts France 1 -- 0 after extra time , with the winning goal scored by Eder . With the win , Portugal qualified and will make its first appearance in the FIFA Confederations Cup held the following year in Russia . The team 's home stadium is the Estádio Nacional , in Oeiras , although most of their home games are frequently played in other stadia across the country . The current head coach is Fernando Santos and the captain is Cristiano Ronaldo , who holds the team records for most caps and goals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f409c5cd162c6ba654c1c6b575f2347d", "text": "List of Portugal national football team captains The first Portugal captain was Cândido de Oliveira , who captained Portugal in the international match against Spain on 18 December 1921 . This was his only international appearance . Vítor Gonçalves captained Portugal in their first international on home soil , on 17 December 1922 against the same opponent . The first international captain to win a match was Jorge Vieira against Italy on 18 June 1925 . Since then , Cristiano Ronaldo went on to set the record for most captaincies of his country , with 80 . Humberto Coelho , João Domingos Pinto , Vítor Baía , and Fernando Couto have all captained Portugal at least 40 times . This article includes matches in which the Portuguese Football Federation awarded full caps , despite FIFA not listing those matches as full internationals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b607030add92e83ba289c6e01af90e72", "text": "Captain (association football) The team captain of an association football team , sometimes known as the skipper , is a team member chosen to be the on-pitch leader of the team : it is often one of the older or more experienced members of the squad , or a player that can heavily influence a game . The team captain is usually identified by the wearing of an armband .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bf1892e9847d386ef17d5b17d6852a4", "text": "European Golden Shoe The European Golden Shoe , formerly known as the European Golden Boot , is an association football award presented each season to the leading goalscorer in league matches from the top division of every European national league . From its inception in the 1967 -- 68 season , the award , originally called Soulier d'Or , which translates from French as Golden Shoe or Boot , has been given to the top goalscorer in all European leagues that season . Originally presented by L'Équipe magazine , it has been awarded by the European Sports Media since the 1996 -- 97 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e210c39f58a39c40950ade3781c0b517", "text": "FA Cup The FA Cup is an annual knockout football competition in men 's domestic English football . First played during the 1871 -- 72 season , it is the oldest association football competition in the world . It is organised by and named after The Football Association ( The FA ) . For sponsorship reasons , from 2015 through to 2018 it is also known as The Emirates FA Cup . A concurrent women 's tournament is also held , the FA Women 's Cup . The competition is open to any eligible club down to Level 10 of the English football league system -- all 92 professional clubs in the Premier League ( Level 1 ) and the English Football League ( Levels 2 to 4 ) , and several hundred `` non-league '' teams in Steps 1 to 6 of the National League System ( Levels 5 to 10 ) . A record 763 clubs competed in 2011 -- 12 . The tournament consists of 12 randomly drawn rounds followed by the semi-finals and the final . Entrants are not seeded , although a system of byes based on league level ensures higher ranked teams enter in later rounds -- the minimum number of games needed to win the competition ranges from six to fourteen . The first six rounds are the Qualifying Competition , from which 32 teams progress to the first round of the Competition Proper , meeting the first of the 48 professional teams from Leagues One and Two . The last entrants are the Premier League and Championship clubs , into the draw for the Third Round Proper . In the modern era , only one non-league team has ever reached the quarter finals , and teams below Level 2 have never reached the final.Since 1920 , when the Football League expanded to three divisions , no club from outside the top two divisions has reached the final . Since 1914 , when QPR reached the fourth round proper ( the last eight/quarter-final stage ) , the only non-league club to have reached that stage is Lincoln City in 2017 . As a result , as well as who wins , significant focus is given to those `` minnows '' ( smaller teams ) who progress furthest , especially if they achieve an unlikely `` giant-killing '' victory . Winners receive the FA Cup trophy , of which there have been two designs and five actual cups ; the latest is a 2014 replica of the second design , introduced in 1911 . Winners also qualify for the Europa League and a place in the FA Community Shield match . Arsenal are the current holders , having beaten Chelsea 2 -- 1 in the 2017 final to win the cup for the 13th time in their history and become the tournament 's most successful club . Arsenal 's Arsène Wenger is the most successful manager in the competition , with seven finals won .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57b8dd142227b025c650d604afef05b0", "text": "UEFA Champions League The UEFA Champions League is an annual continental club football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations ( UEFA ) and contested by top-division European clubs . It is one of the most prestigious tournaments in the world and the most prestigious club competition in European football , played by the national league champion ( and , for some nations , one or more runners-up ) of each UEFA national association . The UEFA Champions League final is the most watched annual sporting event worldwide . The final of the 2012 -- 13 tournament had the highest TV ratings to date , drawing 360 million television viewers . Introduced in 1992 , the competition replaced the European Champion Clubs ' Cup , or simply European Cup , which had run since 1955 , adding a group stage to the competition and allowing multiple entrants from certain countries . The pre-1992 competition was initially a straight knockout tournament open only to the champion club of each country . During the 1990s , the format was expanded , incorporating a round-robin group stage to include clubs that finished runner-up of some nations ' top-level league . While most of Europe 's national leagues can still only enter their national league champion , Europe 's strongest national leagues now provide up to four teams for the competition , and will provide up to five teams from the 2015 -- 16 season onwards . Clubs that finish next-in-line in each nation 's top level league , having not qualified for the UEFA Champions League competition , may be eligible for the next level UEFA Europa League competition . In its present format , the UEFA Champions League begins in mid-July with three knockout qualifying rounds and a play-off round . The 10 surviving teams enter the group stage , joining 22 other teams qualified in advance . The 32 teams are drawn into eight groups of four teams and play each other in a double round-robin system . The eight group winners and eight runners-up proceed to the knockout phase that culminates with the final match in May . The winner of the UEFA Champions League qualifies for the UEFA Super Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup . Real Madrid is the most successful club in the competition 's history , having won the tournament 11 times , including its first five seasons . Spanish clubs have accumulated the highest number of victories ( 16 wins ) , followed by England and Italy ( 12 wins apiece ) . The competition has been won by 22 different clubs , 12 of which have won it more than once . Since the tournament changed name and structure in 1992 , no club has managed consecutive wins ; Milan were the last holders to successfully defend their title , in the 1989 -- 90 season . The reigning champions are Real Madrid , who secured their eleventh title in the competition after defeating Atlético Madrid on penalties following a 1 -- 1 draw in the 2016 final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7283e57d1f0354ef5548d5e2642a8d54", "text": "La Liga The Primera División , commonly known as La Liga and as La Liga Santander for sponsorship reasons with Santander , is the top professional association football division of the Spanish football league system . Administrated by the Liga de Fútbol Profesional ( LFP ) , La Liga is contested by 20 teams , with the three lowest-placed teams relegated to the Segunda División and replaced by the top two teams in that division plus the winner of a play-off . A total of 60 teams have competed in La Liga since its inception . Nine teams have been crowned champions , with Real Madrid winning the title a record 33 times and Barcelona 24 times . Real Madrid dominated the championship from the 1950s through the 1980s . From the 1990s onwards , Barcelona ( 14 titles ) and Real Madrid ( 8 titles ) both dominated , though La Liga also saw other champions , including Atlético Madrid , Valencia , and Deportivo de La Coruña . In more recent years , Atlético Madrid has joined a coalition of now three teams dominating La Liga alongside Real Madrid and Barcelona . According to UEFA 's league coefficient , La Liga has been the top league in Europe over the last five years , and has produced the continent 's top-rated club more times ( 18 ) than any other league , double that of second-placed Serie A. Its clubs have won the most UEFA Champions League ( 16 ) , UEFA Europa League ( 10 ) , UEFA Super Cup ( 13 ) , and FIFA Club World Cup ( 5 ) titles , and its players have accumulated the highest number of ( FIFA ) Ballon d'Or awards ( 19 ) . La Liga is one of the most popular professional sports leagues in the world , with an average attendance of 26,741 for league matches in the 2014 -- 15 season . This is the sixth-highest of any domestic professional sports league in the world and the fourth-highest of any professional association football league in the world , behind the Bundesliga , the Premier League , and the Indian Super League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e2bb367fd3bfb5972186929d98db3ad", "text": "Copa del Rey The Copa del Rey ( King 's Cup ) is an annual football cup competition for Spanish football teams . Its full name is Campeonato de España - Copa de Su Majestad el Rey ( Championship of Spain - His Majesty the King 's Football Cup ) , and is also known as La Copa . The competition was founded in 1903 , thus making it the oldest Spanish football competition . Typically , the winner of Copa del Rey goes to the UEFA Europa League ; unless they qualify for the UEFA Champions League . Barcelona are currently the cup holders , who won their 29th Copa del Rey against Deportivo Alavés at the 2017 Copa del Rey Final held at the Vicente Calderón Stadium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be1af0130a75395bdbfc794354ebb7fa", "text": "2014 FIFA World Cup The 2014 FIFA World Cup was the 20th FIFA World Cup , the quadrennial world championship for men 's national football teams organized by FIFA . It took place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July 2014 , after the country was awarded the hosting rights in 2007 . It was the second time that Brazil staged the competition ( the first was in 1950 ) , and the fifth time that it was held in South America . Thirty-one national teams advanced through qualification competitions to join the host nation in the final tournament . A total of 64 matches were played in 12 venues located in as many host cities across Brazil . For the first time at a World Cup finals , match officials used goal-line technology , as well as vanishing foam for free kicks . FIFA Fan Fests in each host city gathered a total of 5 million people , and the country received 1 million visitors from 202 countries . Every World Cup-winning team since the first edition in 1930 -- Argentina , Brazil , England , France , Germany , Italy , Spain and Uruguay -- qualified for this tournament . Spain , the title holders , were eliminated at the group stage , along with England and Italy . Uruguay were eliminated in the round of 16 , and France exited in the quarter-finals . Host nation Brazil , who had won the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup , lost to Germany 7 -- 1 in the semi-finals and eventually finished in fourth place . In the final , Germany defeated Argentina 1 -- 0 to win the tournament and secure the country 's fourth world title , the first after the German reunification in 1990 , when as West Germany they also beat Argentina in the World Cup final . Germany became the first European team to win a World Cup staged in the Americas , and this result marked the first time that sides from the same continent had won three consecutive tournaments ( following Italy in 2006 and Spain in 2010 ) . As the winners , Germany qualified for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "d8ae0e4c5dfe9d9028879475a8eecd23", "text": "Copa Aldao The Copa Ricardo Aldao ( English : Ricardo Aldao Cup ) , popularly called Campeonato Rioplatense and Copa Río de La Plata , was a football club competition contested annually , albeit irregularly , between the league champions of Argentina and Uruguay . The cup is one of several inter-South American club competitions that have been organised on the continent . The first competition was scheduled for the 1913 season ( although it was never played ) and the last in 1955 ( actually played in 1959 , no champions proclaimed ) . The Copa Ricardo Aldao is seen today as the first stepping-stone into the creation of Copa Libertadores . In 2009 , when the IFFHS proclaimed Peñarol of Montevideo as the best South American team of the 20th century , they took into consideration the Copa Aldao and other international club tournaments played in South America before the beginning of Copa Libertadores in 1960 . In August 2015 a CONMEBOL 's article described Aldao Cup as the first official international professional football cup in South America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64770286547f572a177f1484c14ed475", "text": "List of Intercontinental Cup (football) winners The Intercontinental Cup was an association football club competition contested annually from 1960 to 2004 between the winners of the European Cup and the South American Copa Libertadores . The competition was endorsed by both the Union of European Football Associations ( UEFA ) and the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol ( CONMEBOL ) and , until 1979 , it was played over two legs . From 1980 , its format was changed to a single match traditionally held in Tokyo , Japan , due to its new sponsorship . The Intercontinental Cup was disbanded in 2004 in favour of the FIFA Club World Cup , which includes the champion clubs from all of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) member confederations . In its first eight editions , the competition 's winner was decided on a points system ; if necessary , a play-off match would be held to determine the outcome in case of a tie . In 1968 , the system was changed so that aggregate score would dictate the winning club . If the tie was level after both legs , the away goals rule was applied . Nacional and Peñarol ( Uruguay ) , Boca Juniors ( Argentina ) , Real Madrid ( Spain ) , and A.C. Milan ( Italy ) hold the record for the most victories , each team having won the competition three times ; Milan and Independiente ( Argentina ) have the most runner-up places ( four ) . Overall , 25 different clubs won the competition during its 45 editions . Argentinian clubs won the most cups , with nine trophies among them ; Italian clubs won the second most ( seven ) , and Brazilian teams are third with six victories . The most successful confederation is CONMEBOL , teams representing the confederation have won the competition 22 times and been runners-up 21 times . Teams representing the European football confederation UEFA have won the competition 21 times and been runners-up 22 times . The last Intercontinental Cup was won by 2004 European champions Porto of Portugal , who beat Colombian side Once Caldas by 8 -- 7 in a penalty shootout , after the match finished 0 -- 0 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acbc132b3fbff5def1e512dff97145ed", "text": "2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season The 2008 -- 09 season was Manchester United 's 17th season in the Premier League , and their 34th consecutive season in the top division of English football . After winning a third consecutive Premier League title for the second time to equal Liverpool 's record of 18 league titles , the team aimed to become the first team to retain the European Cup since Milan in 1990 . However , they were beaten 2 -- 0 by Barcelona in the final at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 27 May 2009 . United started their season in August 2008 by winning the Community Shield . In December 2008 , the club became the first English side to win the FIFA Club World Cup when they beat LDU Quito 1 -- 0 in the final . Two months later , on 1 March 2009 , the club added the 2008 -- 09 League Cup to their trophy cabinet with a 4 -- 1 penalty shootout win over Tottenham Hotspur after a goalless 120 minutes in the final . United secured a third consecutive Premier League with a goalless draw at home to Arsenal on 16 May 2009 . This made them the first team ever to win three consecutive English top flight titles on two separate occasions , having previously done so between 1999 and 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "982d6001f1527828a22d2f7c406a0734", "text": "Fla–Flu Fla -- Flu ( truncation of Flamengo-Fluminense ) is an association football match between cross-town rivals Flamengo and Fluminense . Matches take place in the 78,000-seat Maracanã Stadium , located near downtown Rio de Janeiro , in the city 's Maracanã district . The world record football match attendance between clubs is a Fla 0-0 Flu with 194,603 ( 177,656 paid ) in 1963 . The moniker Fla -- Flu was coined by the journalist Mário Filho during the professionalization of Rio de Janeiro 's football . Flamengo is the most successful team in Rio State Championship by one championship . Flamengo has won it 33 times while Fluminense has won 31 . Flamengo has won 6 Brazilian National Championships , as defined by the CBF , the 1987 Copa União ( an independent league organised by the Club of 13 ) and 3 Brazilian Cups . Fluminense has won 4 Brazilian National Championships and 1 Brazilian Cup . Fluminense has won the Copa Rio , which it claims to be equivalent to an intercontinental club tournament . Flamengo has won one Libertadores Cup and one Intercontinental Cup , both in 1981 . Fluminense is the only team in the world that holds the IOC 's Olympic Cup ( `` Coupe Olympique '' or `` Taça Olímpica '' ) , a non-competitive award for distinguished service in upholding the ideals of the Olympic Movement and to recognise the particular merits of institutions or associations and their services rendered to sport , conquered in 1949 . The rivalry between these two clubs began in October 1911 , when a group of dissatisfied players from Fluminense left the club , and went to Flamengo , which at the time had no football department . The first Fla -- Flu ever was played the following year , on July 7 , 1912 at Laranjeiras stadium . Fluminense won this match 3-2 , with 800 people in attendance . The Fla -- Flu matches are mentioned in Lamartine Babo 's unofficial , but very popular , Flamengo anthem composed in 1942 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3afdf64add3218deecbc1fd97aa57f5", "text": "Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer) Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima ( -LSB- ʁoˈnawðu ˈlwiʒ nɐˈzaɾju dʒ ˈɫĩmɐ -RSB- ; born 18 September 1976 ) , commonly known as Ronaldo , is a Brazilian retired professional footballer who played as a striker . Popularly dubbed `` The Phenomenon , '' he is widely considered to be one of the greatest football players of all time . A three-time FIFA World Player of the Year and two-time Ballon d'Or recipient , Ronaldo , in his 1990s prime , was known for his dribbling at speed , feints and clinical finishing . He was named in the FIFA 100 , a list of the greatest living players compiled in 2004 , and was inducted into the Brazilian Football Museum Hall of Fame and the Italian Football Hall of Fame . Ronaldo played for Brazil in 98 matches , scoring 62 goals , and is the second-highest goalscorer for his national team , trailing only Pelé . At age 17 , Ronaldo was the youngest member of the Brazilian squad that won the 1994 FIFA World Cup . At the 1998 World Cup , he received the Golden Ball for player of the tournament in helping Brazil reach the final where he suffered a convulsive fit hours before the defeat to France . He won a second World Cup in 2002 where he starred in a front three with Ronaldinho and Rivaldo . Ronaldo scored twice in the final , and received the Golden Boot as tournament 's top goalscorer . During the 2006 FIFA World Cup , Ronaldo scored his 15th World Cup goal , which was a World Cup record at the time . At his physical peak in the 1990s , Ronaldo starred at club level for Cruzeiro , PSV , Barcelona and Inter Milan . His moves to Spain and Italy made him only the second player , after Diego Maradona , to break the world transfer record twice , all before his 21st birthday . At age 23 , he had scored over 200 goals for club and country . After almost three years of inactivity due to serious knee injuries and recuperation , Ronaldo joined Real Madrid in 2002 , which was followed by spells at A.C. Milan and Corinthians . Having suffered further injuries , Ronaldo retired from professional football in 2011 . Post-retirement , he has continued his work as a United Nations Development Programme Goodwill Ambassador , a position to which he was appointed in 2000 . He served as an ambassador for the 2014 FIFA World Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ec279811d630f32dab56562617bdb9f", "text": "Alessandro Del Piero Alessandro `` Alex '' Del Piero ( -LSB- alesˈsandro del ˈpjɛːro -RSB- ) Ufficiale OMRI ( born 9 November 1974 ) is an Italian former professional footballer who mainly played as a deep-lying forward , although he was capable of playing in several offensive positions . In 2015 , he worked as a pundit for Sky Sport Italia . A technically gifted , and creative supporting forward , who was also a free-kick specialist , Del Piero is widely regarded by players , pundits , and managers as one of the greatest players of his generation , and as one of the best Italian players of all time , winning the Serie A Italian Footballer of the Year award in 1998 and 2008 . A prolific goal-scorer , he is currently the second highest all-time Italian top-scorer in all competitions , with 346 goals , behind only Silvio Piola , with 390 goals ; he is also the joint ninth highest goalscorer in Serie A history , with 188 goals , alongside Giuseppe Signori and Alberto Gilardino . After beginning his career with Italian club Padova in Serie B in 1991 , he moved to Juventus F.C. in 1993 , where he played for 19 seasons ( 11 as captain ) , and holds the club records for most goals ( 290 ) and appearances ( 705 ) . During his time at the club , he won six Serie A titles , the Coppa Italia , four Supercoppa Italiana titles , the UEFA Champions League , the UEFA Super Cup , the UEFA Intertoto Cup , and the Intercontinental Cup . After leaving the club in 2012 , he also spent two seasons with Australian side Sydney FC ; he retired after a season with Delhi Dynamos FC in the Indian Super League , in 2014 . Del Piero has scored in every competition in which he has participated . In 2004 , he was named in the FIFA 100 , a list of the 125 greatest living footballers selected by Pelé as a part of FIFA 's centenary celebrations . In the same year , he was also voted into the UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll , a list of the 50 best European players of the past 50 years . Along with six awards in Italy for gentlemanly conduct , he has also won the Golden Foot award , which pertains to personality as well as playing ability . At international level , Del Piero has also represented the Italian national team at three FIFA World Cups and four UEFA European Football Championships , most notably winning the 2006 FIFA World Cup , and reaching the final of UEFA Euro 2000 with Italy . He is the joint fourth highest scorer for the Italian national team , with 27 goals , alongside Roberto Baggio , and behind only Silvio Piola with 30 goals , Giuseppe Meazza with 33 goals , and Luigi Riva with 35 goals ; with 91 appearances for Italy between 1995 and 2008 , he is also his nation 's ninth-most capped player of all-time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67b0e5f28044d0497a80b189f66b5412", "text": "2009 FIFA Club World Cup The 2009 FIFA Club World Cup ( officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2009 presented by Toyota for sponsorship reasons ) was a football tournament played from 9 December to 19 December 2009 . It was the sixth FIFA Club World Cup and was played in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . Australia , Japan and Portugal also placed bids to host the tournament , but Portugal later withdrew from the process . The final was played on 19 December 2009 and was won by European champions Barcelona , who came from behind to defeat the South American entrants , Estudiantes , 2 -- 1 after extra time . Mauro Boselli put Estudiantes ahead in the 37th minute , but Pedro equalised with one minute left in normal time before Lionel Messi scored the winning goal five minutes into the second half of extra time . This made Barcelona the first Spanish side to win the FIFA Club World Cup , and it also meant that they had won a total of six competitions in the 2009 calendar year , beating Liverpool 's record five trophies won in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e2a7c46116f7431c323dc993c740bb1", "text": "France Football European Team of the Year The France Football European Team of the Year ( offic . fr . Challenge Européen de Football ) , also known as European Challenge Interclubs , was an association football award conferred by French sports magazine France Football with the sponsorship of German multinational corporation Adidas , and was held in Europe for the first time in 1968 based in clubs ' performance in seasonal association and UEFA competitions . The award was officially discontinued following the Adidas decision of not renewing its commercial contract with the French publication after it awarded the 1990 winner teams in a gala held in Paris , in January 1991 . Subsequently , the Germany 's designs and manufacturers corporation became the main sponsor of the FIFA World Player of the Year Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fabe14197a2b8d5a0db7cda1b70d6f85", "text": "Diego Forlán Diego Forlán Corazzo ( -LSB- ˈdjeɣo forˈlan -RSB- ; born 19 May 1979 ) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a forward for Indian Super League club Mumbai City FC . He is a two-time winner of both the Pichichi Trophy and the European Golden Shoe , and also received the Golden Ball as the best player at the 2010 World Cup . He is regarded as one of the greatest Uruguayan players of all time . Forlán joined Argentine club Independiente after rising through their youth team , and after a successful four-year spell , he signed for Manchester United of England . His form for United was not as successful as at Independiente , although he won the Premier League in 2002 -- 03 and the FA Cup in 2003 -- 04 . In the summer of 2004 , he moved on to Spanish side Villarreal . In his first season in Spanish football with Villarreal , Forlán scored 25 league goals and won the Pichichi Trophy . After two more successful seasons with Villarreal , Forlán joined Atlético Madrid , where he once again became the league 's top scorer , and became the first player to win the Pichichi Trophy twice since Ronaldo achieved this feat in the 2003 -- 04 season . Forlán scored in Atlético 's 2010 Europa League final victory against Fulham . In 2011 , he joined Inter Milan of Italy before moving to Internacional in 2012 . Forlán also had a successful international career , scoring 36 times for his country since his 2002 debut , including one at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He was the joint top scorer by scoring five times as Uruguay came fourth at the 2010 World Cup , being recognised with the Golden Ball award for the best player at the tournament . On 12 July 2011 , at the 2011 Copa América in Argentina , Forlán earned his 79th international cap , against Mexico , breaking the record held by former goalkeeper Rodolfo Rodríguez since 1986 . On 20 June 2013 , in a match against Nigeria at the 2013 Confederations Cup , he became the first Uruguayan to win 100 caps . With 36 goals , Forlán was Uruguay 's all-time leading top scorer from 2011 until Luis Suárez overtook him two years later . He retired from international football on 11 March 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "563321cd69a9fc5972bd94acb270795a", "text": "Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament The men 's football tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics was held in London and five other cities in Great Britain from 26 July to 11 August . Associations affiliated with FIFA were invited to enter their men 's U-23 teams in regional qualifying competitions , from which 15 teams , plus the hosts Great Britain , reached the final tournament . Men 's teams were allowed to augment their squads with three players over the age of 23 . It was the first major FIFA-organised men 's tournament to be held within the United Kingdom since the 1966 FIFA World Cup and was the first men 's Olympic football tournament to feature a team representing Great Britain since the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome . The gold medal was won by Mexico who defeated Brazil 2 -- 1 in the final .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "557bc087512b81491fb004cebdcaf02e", "text": "Edgardo Prátola Edgardo Fabián Prátola ( La Plata , 20 May 1969 - La Plata , 28 April 2002 ) was an Argentine football ( soccer ) player . His career started as a defender with Estudiantes de La Plata , where his devotion was noted as one of the reasons the club returned from relegation in 1995 . Prátola owned the No. 6 jersey and was the captain of the team . Prátola played for Mexican side León between 1996 and 1999 , after which he returned to Argentina to play for Unión de Santa Fe , and then returned to Estudiantes in 2000 . Diagnosed with cancer of the colon in 2000 , he broke the news himself in an unassuming way , quit the team after unsuccessful surgery , and fought his illness to the end . The day before his death he asked that Estudiantes play their next match ( against Independiente ) and not ask for a postponement . A touching ceremony was held before the game . He is fondly remembered by Estudiantes fans by his nickname el ruso ( the Russian ) . After winning the Apertura 2006 championship in a play-off against Boca Juniors , many Estudiantes players displayed t-shirts in honour of Pratola . Current captain Juan Sebastian Veron mentioned him in an emotional victory speech broadcast around the stadium , leading to chanting of ` Ruso ' by Estudiantes fans . Prátola was again remembered by Estudiantes following the club 's triumph in the 2009 Copa Libertadores finals against Cruzeiro . In the post-match celebrations , Estudiantes players wore shirts that said , `` Ruso , estás con nosotros , '' or , `` Ruso , you are with us . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d8573d7d39d190c55c7b78bea9360b5", "text": "1999–2000 UEFA Cup The 1999 -- 2000 UEFA Cup season was the 29th edition of the UEFA Cup competition . The final took place at Parken Stadium in Copenhagen and was won by Galatasaray , who defeated Arsenal in the final . The game was scoreless through the first ninety minutes and stayed that way through thirty minutes of extra time . The match went on to penalty kicks in which Gheorghe Popescu scored the winning goal to win the cup . Galatasaray won the cup without losing a single game . The competition was marred by violence involving English and Turkish hooligans in the semi-finals and the final , in particular the fatal stabbings of Leeds United fans Kevin Speight and Christopher Loftus by Galatasaray fans in Istanbul . Parma were the defending champions , but were eliminated by Werder Bremen in the fourth round . It was the first season of the new format UEFA Cup ; it had absorbed the now defunct Cup Winners ' Cup to include domestic cup winners , and now featured an additional knockout round . This season 's champions qualified for the 2001 FIFA Club World Championship , which was never disputed . So far , Galatasaray are the only UEFA Cup champions to qualify for a Club World Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b10d49e4f357effacdacadafce330f5", "text": "History of FC Barcelona The history of Futbol Club Barcelona goes from the football club 's founding in 1899 and up to current time . FC Barcelona , also known simply as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça , is based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . The team was founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , English and Spanish footballers led by Joan Gamper . The club played amateur football until 1910 in various regional competitions . In 1910 , the club participated in their first of many European competitions , and has since amassed ten UEFA trophies and a sextuple . In 1928 , Barcelona co-founded La Liga , the top-tier in Spanish football , along with a string of other clubs . As of 2016 , Barcelona has never been relegated from La Liga , a record they share with Athletic Bilbao and arch-rival Real Madrid . The history of super Barcelona has often been political . Though it is a club created and run by foreigners , Barcelona gradually became a club associated with Catalan values . In Spain 's transition to autocracy in 1925 , Catalonia became increasingly hostile towards the central government in Madrid . The hostility enhanced Barcelona 's image as a focal point for Catalonism , and when Francisco Franco banned the use of the Catalan language , the stadium of Barcelona became one of the few places the people could express their dissatisfaction . The Spanish transition to democracy in 1978 has not dampened the club 's image of Catalan pride . In the 2000s -- a period of sporting success in the club and an increased focus on Catalan players -- club officials have openly called for Catalonia to become an independent state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66f5988c291b03f91c07e85a5cda031a", "text": "Trofeo EFE Trofeo EFE is an annual football award given by the EFE news agency since the 1990 -- 91 season to the best Latin-American player in La Liga . Recipients are selected based on assessments from the agency 's sports editors . The inaugural winner was Rommel Fernández and the most recent recipient is Luis Suárez . Iván Zamorano and Brazilian Ronaldo have won the award twice . Fernando Redondo received a special distinction as the best player of the 1990s decade . Cristiano Ronaldo is strangely the only player not hailing from Ibero-America that somehow managed to win the trophy in 2013 . Lionel Messi has dominated the award having won it a record five times , more than any other player in trophy 's history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89891d28b8446821be792b13a2b0e5cb", "text": "Ronaldo Giovanelli Ronaldo Soares Giovanelli ( born 20 November 1967 ) is a retired Brazilian footballer . Although as a child he was a forward he spent his career as a goalkeeper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce69d265d906f683b0c9689bc853e973", "text": "Diego Maradona Diego Armando Maradona ( -LSB- ˈdjeɣo maɾaˈðona -RSB- , born 30 October 1960 ) is an Argentine retired professional footballer . He has served as a manager and coach at other clubs as well as the national team of Argentina . Many in the sport , including football writers , players , and fans , regard Maradona as the greatest football player of all time . He was joint FIFA Player of the 20th Century with Pelé . An advanced playmaker who operated in the classic number 10 position , Maradona is the first player in football history to set the world record transfer fee twice , first when he transferred to Barcelona for a then world record # 5 million , and second , when he transferred to Napoli for another record fee # 6.9 million . He played for Argentinos Juniors , Boca Juniors , Barcelona , Napoli , Sevilla and Newell 's Old Boys during his club career , and is most famous for his time at Napoli , where he won numerous accolades . In his international career with Argentina , he earned 91 caps and scored 34 goals . Maradona 's vision , passing , ball control , dribbling skills , speed , reflexes and reaction time was combined with his small size ( 1.65 m tall ) giving him a low center of gravity which allowed him to be more maneuverable than most other football players ; he would often dribble past multiple opposing players on a run . His presence on the pitch had a great effect on his team 's general performance , while he would often be singled out by the opposition . A precocious talent , Maradona was given the nickname `` El Pibe de Oro '' ( `` The Golden Boy '' ) , a name that stuck with him throughout his career . Maradona played in four FIFA World Cups , including the 1986 World Cup in Mexico where he captained Argentina and led them to victory over West Germany in the final , and won the Golden Ball as the tournament 's best player . In the 1986 World Cup quarter final , he scored both goals in a 2 -- 1 victory over England that entered football history for two different reasons . The first goal was an unpenalized handling foul known as the `` Hand of God '' , while the second goal followed a 60 m dribble past five England players , voted `` The Goal of the Century '' by FIFA.com voters in 2002 . Maradona became coach of Argentina in November 2008 . He was in charge of the team at the 2010 World Cup in South Africa before leaving at the end of the tournament . He coached Dubai-based club Al Wasl in the UAE Pro-League for the 2011 -- 12 season . In August 2013 , Maradona joined Argentine Primera D club Deportivo Riestra 's staff as `` spiritual coach '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fedde845ce080fc68054d87c2af0fca", "text": "Serie A Foreign Footballer of the Year The Serie A Foreign Footballer of the Year ( Migliore calciatore straniero ) was a yearly award organized by the Italian Footballers ' Association ( AIC ) given to the non-Italian footballer who has been considered to have performed the best over the previous Serie A season . Diego Milito was the last recipient of the award in 2010 . The award was part of the Oscar del Calcio awards event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de6e6ea79995ec0e92d0bf56792688d0", "text": "2008–09 S.L. Benfica season The 2008 -- 09 European football season was Sport Lisboa e Benfica 's 105th season and their 75th consecutive season in the top flight of Portuguese football . The season ran from 1 July 2008 to 30 June 2009 , with Benfica competing domestically in the Primeira Liga , Taça de Portugal and Taça da Liga . The club also participated in the UEFA Cup , since they finished fourth in the Primeira Liga the previous season . After José Antonio Camacho 's March 2008 resignation , Benfica did not have a permanent manager . The club inquired about Quique Sánchez Flores , Sven-Göran Eriksson and others , ultimately choosing Flores . Rui Costa led the transfer activity as Benfica continued to invest heavily , spending nearly $ 19 million on Javier Balboa , Carlos Martins , Pablo Aimar and Sidnei and bringing in José Antonio Reyes and David Suazo on loan . Major departures included Rui Costa , Cristian Rodríguez , Petit and Nélson . Benfica 's season began inauspiciously but they quickly recovered , gaining momentum domestically and eliminating Napoli to qualify for the group stage of the UEFA Cup . Until January , club performance fluctuated in their European campaign and the domestic league . Although they finished last in the former , they reached first place in the Primeira Liga for the first time since 2005 . In the new year , Benfica suffered their first league loss , falling to second place and beginning their erratic spell . Despite a sterling League Cup ( where they earned their first honour in four seasons ) , the club 's league play was not as impressive . They battled Porto for first place until March , when they had another costly loss and were passed by Sporting CP . Benfica tried to retake second place in the remaining eight matches , but in early May , the club dropped five points , sealing their fate ; they finished third , missing the UEFA Champions League for a second consecutive season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1598b12f3b15fcf962e25a8c7d804da2", "text": "2006 FIFA World Player of the Year The 2006 FIFA World Player of the Year prize was awarded to the Italian Fabio Cannavaro for the first time . He finished ahead of the retired Midfielder Zinédine Zidane , who won the Golden Ball at the World Cup and the winner of the last FIFA World Player of the Year Ronaldinho in the final round of voting . The female FIFA soccer player of the year was Marta .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "251b7815be56efc94289d33efec88c74", "text": "2006 FIFA World Cup officials Match officials for the 2006 FIFA World Cup were nominated by the six confederations to FIFA , who , after a series of tests in Frankfurt/Neu-Isenburg in March 2006 , selected 23 referees and a support and development group of a further 5 , from a shortlist of 44 . Kyros Vassaras of Greece and Manuel Mejuto of Spain were selected to be on the panel , but the assistants who were to make up their teams were not deemed to have reached the required standards , and so they were replaced by Roberto Rosetti and Luis Medina . Jamaican referee Peter Prendergast was selected for the tournament panel , but suffered a knee injury and was removed from the list without replacement . Massimo De Santis of Italy was also on the panel of 23 referees , but after he was implicated in the Serie A match-fixing allegations , he was withdrawn by the Italian Football Federation and not replaced . The 21 referees , along with their assistants and the support group , are based in Neu-Isenburg for the duration of the tournament . FIFA announces the referees selected for each fixture three days in advance of the match . Horacio Elizondo was chosen to officiate the final match , which took place in Berlin on July 9 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
36466d4ae16d8cc0c4c9b1ca45e3905c	Bentley only markets planes.	[ { "docid": "21bcbd4ab52a0e7c01cf7c43f6974553", "text": "Bentley Bentley Motors Limited ( -LSB- ˈbɛntli -RSB- ) is a British manufacturer and marketer of luxury cars and SUVs -- and a subsidiary of Volkswagen AG since 1998 . Headquartered in Crewe , England , the company was founded as Bentley Motors Limited by W. O. Bentley in 1919 in Cricklewood , North London -- and became widely known for winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1924 , 1927 , 1928 , 1929 , 1930 , and 2003 . Prominent models extend from the historic sports-racing Bentley 4 1/2 Litre and Bentley Speed Six ; the more recent Bentley R Type Continental , Bentley Turbo R , and Bentley Arnage ; to its current model line -- including the Continental Flying Spur , Continental GT , Bentley Bentayga and the Mulsanne -- which are marketed worldwide , with China its largest market as of November 2012 . Today most Bentleys are assembled at the company 's Crewe factory , with a small number assembled at Volkswagen 's Dresden factory Germany , and with bodies for the Continental manufactured in Zwickau and the Bentayga manufactured at the Volkswagen Bratislava Plant . The joining and eventual separation of Bentley and Rolls-Royce follows a series of mergers and acquisitions , beginning with the 1931 purchase by Rolls-Royce of Bentley , then in receivership . In 1971 , Rolls-Royce itself was forced into receivership and the UK government nationalised the company -- splitting into two companies the aerospace division ( Rolls-Royce Plc ) and automotive ( Rolls-Royce Motors Limited ) divisions -- the latter retaining the Bentley subdivision . Rolls-Royce Motors was subsequently sold to engineering conglomerate , Vickers and in 1998 , Vickers sold Rolls-Royce to Volkswagen AG . Intellectual property rights to both the name Rolls-Royce as well as the company 's logo had been retained not by Rolls-Royce Motors , but by aerospace company , Rolls-Royce Plc , which had continued to license both to the automotive division . Thus the sale of `` Rolls-Royce '' to VW included the Bentley name and logos , vehicle designs , model nameplates , production and administrative facilities , the Spirit of Ecstasy and Rolls-Royce grille shape trademarks ( subsequently sold to BMW by VW ) -- but not the rights to the Rolls-Royce name or logo . The aerospace company , Rolls-Royce Plc , ultimately sold both to BMW AG .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "47cefe750c6d9e52ce84c07634a2a547", "text": "Beechcraft Model 18 The Beechcraft Model 18 ( or `` Twin Beech '' , as it is also known ) is a 6 - to 11-seat , twin-engined , low-wing , tailwheel light aircraft manufactured by the Beech Aircraft Corporation of Wichita , Kansas . Continuously produced from 1937 to November 1969 ( over 32 years , a world record at the time ) , over 9,000 were produced , making it one of the world 's most widely used light aircraft . Sold worldwide as a civilian executive , utility , cargo aircraft , and passenger airliner on tailwheels , nosewheels , skis or floats , it was also used as a military aircraft . During and after World War II , over 4,500 Beech 18s saw military service -- as light transport , light bomber ( for China ) , aircrew trainer ( for bombing , navigation and gunnery ) , photo-reconnaisance , and `` mother ship '' for target drones -- including United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) C-45 Expeditor , AT-7 Navigator , AT-11 Kansan ; and United States Navy ( USN ) UC-45J Navigator , SNB-1 Kansan , and others . In World War II , over 90 % of USAAF bombardiers and navigators trained in these aircraft . In the early postwar era , the Beech 18 was the pre-eminent `` business aircraft '' and `` feeder airliner . '' Besides carrying passengers , its civilian uses have included aerial spraying , sterile insect release , fish seeding , dry ice cloud seeding , aerial firefighting , air mail delivery , ambulance service , numerous movie productions , skydiving , freight , weapon - and drug-smuggling , engine testbed , skywriting , banner towing , and stunt aircraft . Many are now privately owned , around the world , with over 300 in the U.S. still on the FAA Aircraft Registry in December 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3e2c97f65207b4af6280ef645c3a324", "text": "Pilatus PC-12 The Pilatus PC-12 is a single-engine turboprop passenger and cargo aircraft manufactured by Pilatus Aircraft of Switzerland . The main market for the aircraft is corporate transport and regional airliner operators . The United States Air Force 's designation is the U-28A . The PC-12 holds the distinction of being the best-selling pressurized , single-engine , turbine-powered aircraft in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea34e31691fe1985897f79d18a3404a9", "text": "Bristol Freighter The Bristol Type 170 Freighter was a British twin-engine aircraft designed and built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company as both a freighter and airliner . Its best known use was as an air ferry to carry cars and their passengers over relatively short distances . A passenger-only version was also produced , known as the Wayfarer . The Freighter was developed during the Second World War , having attracted official attention from the British Air Ministry , which sought the development of a rugged vehicle capable of carrying various cargoes , including a 3-ton truck . Accordingly , various changed to the design were made to accommodate their requirements . Being completed too late to participate in the conflict , the majority of sales of the Freighter were to commercial operators instead . In response to customer demand , an enlarged version to maximise vehicle-carrying capacity , known as the Bristol Superfreighter , was subsequently developed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "598556d69640cecd488b5970a8516213", "text": "Sud Aviation Super-Caravelle The Sud Aviation Super-Caravelle was an early design for a supersonic transport . Unlike most competing designs which envisioned larger trans-Atlantic aircraft and led to the likes of the Boeing 2707 , the Super-Caravelle was a much smaller , shorter range design intended to replace their earlier and very successful Caravelle . Design work started in 1960 and was announced in 1961 at the Paris Air Show , but was later merged with similar work at the British Aircraft Corporation ( originally the Bristol 223 ) to create the Concorde project in November 1962 . After work had begun on designing Concorde , the Super Caravelle name was instead used on a lengthened version of the original Caravelle design , the SE-210B . The Super-Caravelle looks very much like a smaller version of Concorde . It used Concorde 's unique ogive wing planform , and was otherwise similar in shape and layout with the exception of the nose area , which was more `` conventional '' and only the outermost section over the radar `` drooped '' for visibility on takeoff and landing . In normal use it was designed to carry 70 passengers between 2000 to at about Mach 2 . The size and range requirements were set to make the Super-Caravelle `` perfect '' for Air France 's European and African routes . Concorde was originally to be delivered in two versions , a longer-range transatlantic version similar to the Bristol 223 that was eventually delivered as Concorde , and a smaller version for shorter range routes similar to the Super-Caravelle . After consultations with prospective customers , the smaller design was dropped .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "784d1560c817052f660238d2b3c09854", "text": "Flat-eight engine A Flat-Eight or Horizontally-Opposed Eight is an internal combustion engine in flat configuration , having 8 cylinders . A well-known engine of this type is the Porsche air-cooled flat-8 engine . It was introduced as a 1.5-litre engine for Formula One , and grew to a 3-litre version used in the Porsche 908 . Continental and Lycoming have both produced flat-8 aircraft engines . The Lycoming IO-720 and Continental IO-720 series of engines have been in production for several decades .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1beaa17da46a4b186538340c794b5680", "text": "Adlerwerke vorm. Heinrich Kleyer Adler or Adlerwerke vormals Heinrich Kleyer ( `` Adler Works formerly -LSB- known as -RSB- Heinrich Kleyer '' ) was a German aircraft manufacturer established by Heinrich Kleyer in Frankfurt-am-Main in 1934 by buying out Gerner . Adler made no original designs , only continuing production of Gerner designs that were included in the acquisition . Adler was also known as an automobile manufacturer , producing cars under the Adler name from 1899 to 1945 , as well as a bicycle manufacturer from 1886 on . Adler was also a well-known typewriter and office machine manufacturer from 1898 . In 1969 Adler with its various interests was acquired by Litton Industries . The factory in Frankfurt-Gallus still exists and was restored in the late 1990s for use as an office building . It also houses the Gallustheater and a restaurant . Category : Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Germany Category : History of Frankfurt", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8dd05822d19dfa34b876a3c733a81f0", "text": "Rover Group The Rover Group plc was the name given in 1986 to the British vehicle manufacturer BL ( formerly British Leyland ) , which had been state-owned company since 1975 . It initially included the Austin Rover Group car business ( comprising the Austin , Rover , Mini and MG marques ) , Land Rover Group , Freight Rover vans and Leyland Trucks . The Rover Group was owned by British Aerospace ( BAe ) from 1988 to 1994 , when BAe sold the remaining car business to the German company BMW . The group was further broken up in 2000 , when Ford acquired the Land Rover division , with the Rover and MG marques continuing with the much smaller MG Rover Group until 2005 . Ownership of the original Rover Group marques is currently split between BMW ( Germany ) , SAIC ( China ) , and Tata Motors ( India ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3eeddff0cfad5cb04b4e09a1003199aa", "text": "Bentley State Limousine The Bentley State Limousine is an official state car created by Bentley for Queen Elizabeth II on the occasion of her Golden Jubilee in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6854bd1b8b511eda76009ba7911a4396", "text": "Boeing 707 The Boeing 707 is a mid-sized , long-range , narrow-body , four-engine jet airliner built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes from 1958 to 1979 . Its name is commonly pronounced as `` seven oh seven '' . Versions of the aircraft have a capacity from 140 to 219 passengers and a range of 2500 to . Developed as Boeing 's first jet airliner , the 707 is a swept-wing design with podded engines . Although it was not the first jetliner in service , the 707 was the first to be commercially successful . Dominating passenger air transport in the 1960s and remaining common through the 1970s , the 707 is generally credited with ushering in the Jet Age . It established Boeing as one of the largest manufacturers of passenger aircraft , and led to the later series of airliners with `` 7x7 '' designations . The later 720 , 727 , 737 , and 757 share elements of the 707 's fuselage design . The 707 was developed from the Boeing 367-80 , a prototype jet first flown in 1954 . A larger fuselage cross-section and other modifications resulted in the initial-production 707-120 , powered by Pratt & Whitney JT3C turbojet engines , which first flew on December 20 , 1957 . Pan American World Airways began regular 707 service on October 26 , 1958 . Later derivatives included the shortened long-range 707-138 and the stretched 707-320 , both of which entered service in 1959 . A smaller short-range variant , the 720 , was introduced in 1960 . The 707-420 , a version of the stretched 707 with Rolls-Royce Conway turbofans , debuted in 1960 , while Pratt & Whitney JT3D turbofans debuted on the 707-120B and 707-320B models in 1961 and 1962 , respectively . The 707 has been used on domestic , transcontinental , and transatlantic flights , and for cargo and military applications . A convertible passenger-freighter model , the 707-320C , entered service in 1963 , and passenger 707s have been modified to freighter configurations . Military derivatives include the E-3 Sentry airborne reconnaissance aircraft and the C-137 Stratoliner VIP transports . Boeing produced and delivered 1,011 airliners including the smaller 720 series ; over 800 military versions were also produced . Ten Boeing 707s were in commercial service in July 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e47c9acf11be553ae153a1d94dd00b7", "text": "Subaru Corporation , formerly known as ( FHI ) , is a Japanese multinational corporation and conglomerate primarily involved in aerospace and ground transportation manufacturing , known for its line of Subaru automobiles . The company 's aerospace division serves as a defense contractor to the Japanese government , manufacturing Boeing and Lockheed Martin helicopters and airplanes under license along with being a global development and manufacturing partner to both companies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "806c8a0c29b38b17f579411e38878652", "text": "Bugatti Automobiles Ettore Bugatti was a French car manufacturer of high-performance automobiles , founded in 1909 in the then German city of Molsheim , Alsace by Italian-born Ettore Bugatti . Bugatti cars were known for their design beauty ( Ettore Bugatti was from a family of artists and considered himself to be both an artist and constructor ) and for their many race victories . Famous Bugattis include the Type 35 Grand Prix cars , the Type 41 `` Royale '' , the Type 57 `` Atlantic '' and the Type 55 sports car . The death of Ettore Bugatti in 1947 proved to be the end for the marque , and the death of his son Jean Bugatti in 1939 ensured there was not a successor to lead the factory . No more than about 8,000 cars were made . The company struggled financially , and released one last model in the 1950s , before eventually being purchased for its airplane parts business in the 1960s . In the 1990s , an Italian entrepreneur revived it as a builder of limited production exclusive sports cars . Today , the name is owned by German automobile manufacturing group Volkswagen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5fdc2a1471ac21773392e7145e62dee7", "text": "Malmö Flygindustri Malmö Flygindustri was a small aviation and car company in south Sweden which specialized in small single-propeller aircraft and various plastic objects . It was later acquired by SAAB .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46e1b3f7a0e17a3f3b24392054366210", "text": "Middle of the market The middle of the market , often abbreviated MoM , is a terminology used by Boeing Commercial Airplanes since at least 2003 to designate the airliner market between the narrowbody and the widebody aircraft . It is a market segment of the competition between Airbus and Boeing . In the Boeing lineup , it is situated between the largest Boeing 737 MAX-9 of 194,700 lb of maximum takeoff weight ( MTOW ) for 178 passengers in two class over a 3515 nmi range , and the smallest Boeing 787-8 of 502,500 lb for 242 passengers over a 7355 nmi range . It was previously covered by Boeing with the largest modern narrowbody , the Boeing 757 , typically the -200 for 200 passengers over 3,915 nmi with a 255,000 lb MTOW , and the smallest widebody , the seven-abreast Boeing 767 , typically the -300 ER for 269 passengers over 5,725 nmi with a 412,000 lb MTOW . In the Airbus lineup , it is between the A321neoLR of 97 t of MTOW for 206 passengers in two class over a 4000 nmi range , and the A330neo-800 of 242 t for 257 passengers in three class over a 7500 nmi range .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16c78002cb611618768aa06c28ebd0c9", "text": "Boeing 717 The Boeing 717 is a twin-engine , single-aisle jet airliner , developed for the 100-seat market . The airliner was designed and originally marketed by McDonnell Douglas as the MD-95 , a derivative of the DC-9 family . Capable of seating up to 134 passengers , the 717 has a design range of 2,060 nautical miles ( 3,815 km ) . It is powered by two Rolls-Royce BR715 turbofan engines mounted at the rear of the fuselage . The first order was placed in October 1995 by ValuJet Airlines ( later AirTran Airways ) ; McDonnell Douglas and Boeing merged in 1997 prior to production . The airliner entered service in 1999 as the Boeing 717 . Production ceased in May 2006 after 156 were built . There were 154 Boeing 717 aircraft in service as of July 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33266c22d1143021e204da832a034c61", "text": "Hawker Aircraft Hawker Aircraft Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer responsible for some of the most famous products in British aviation history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab12aeffd57a6366a60bbae93cb19c3c", "text": "British Caledonian British Caledonian ( BCal ) was a private , British independent airline , operating out of Gatwick Airport in south-east England during the 1970s and 1980s . It was created as an alternative to the British government-controlled corporation airlines and was described as the `` Second Force '' in the 1969 Edwards report . It was formed by the UK 's second-largest , independent charter airline Caledonian Airways taking over British United Airways ( BUA ) , then the largest British independent airline and the United Kingdom 's leading independent scheduled carrier . The BUA takeover enabled Caledonian to realise its long-held ambition to transform itself into a scheduled airline . The merged entity eventually became the UK 's foremost independent , international scheduled airline . A series of major financial setbacks during the mid-1980s combined with the airline 's inability to grow sufficiently to reach a viable size put the airline at serious risk of collapse . BCal began looking for a merger partner to improve its competitive position . In December 1987 , British Airways ( BA ) gained control of the airline . The Caledonian name and livery was then used to rebrand BA 's Gatwick-based subsidiary British Airtours as Caledonian Airways .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a73e549e7b0e723e3f0e16b1773f8be", "text": "British Aircraft Corporation The British Aircraft Corporation ( BAC ) was a British aircraft manufacturer formed from the government-pressured merger of English Electric Aviation Ltd. , Vickers-Armstrongs ( Aircraft ) , the Bristol Aeroplane Company and Hunting Aircraft in 1960 . Bristol , English Electric and Vickers became `` parents '' of BAC with shareholdings of 20 % , 40 % and 40 % respectively . BAC in turn acquired the share capital of their aviation interests and 70 % of Hunting several months later . Its head office was on the top floors of the 100 Pall Mall building in the City of Westminster , London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "912b560c9cea3efaca483a5bec1404a3", "text": "Superior Aviation Beijing Superior Aviation Beijing is a Chinese aircraft manufacturer . Superior was initially formed as Qingdao Haili Helicopter Co and Qingdao Brantly Investment Group , a private venture that purchased the Brantly International rights and tooling to manufacture a UAV in China . Superior Aviation was formed in 2010 with the purchase of the American aircraft part manufacturer , Superior Air Parts . It is 60 % owned by Chairman Cheng Shenzong , and 40 % owned by Beijing E-Town International Investment & Development Co. , Ltd. , an economic development agency of the Beijing municipal government . In July 2012 , Superior entered a contract to takeover the assets of Hawker Beechcraft pending approval . The deal did not include the Hawker Beechcraft Defense Company subsidiary . On 18 October 2012 multiple sources reported that the negotiations for the takeover had failed . Euan Rocha and Stuart Grudgings writing for Reuters reported that the CEO of Hawker Beechcraft , Steve Miller , had attributed the failure to `` China-bashing by U.S. presidential candidates may have contributed to failure of the talks '' although an article in that Wall Street Journal pointed to other reasons for the failure of the negotiations , including national security concerns as `` the company 's defense operations were integrated with its civilian businesses that proved difficult to untangle '' , and legal complications , as `` advisers in the U.S. had trouble negotiating with Chinese representatives unfamiliar with U.S. finance and bankruptcy law . '' A press release from Hawker Beechcraft ascribing the failure to the fact that , `` the proposed transaction with Superior could not be completed on terms acceptable to the company . '' Textron Aviation eventually bought Hawker Beechcraft in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b7f5b731e29a226d9f5b76be60e0db9", "text": "Groupe Latécoère The Groupe Latécoère is an aircraft company based in Toulouse , France . Founded by Pierre-Georges Latécoère in 1917 , the company was known in the past particularly for its seaplanes . Today , the group is a major supplier of sections of aircraft fuselage and doors and is the second-largest European supplier of onboard electrical wire harnesses and avionics bays with its Latelec subsidiary company . The group is currently a member of the CAC Small 90 , and participates in all segments of aeronautics : commercial aircraft with Airbus and Boeing , regional planes with Embraer and Bombardier , business aircraft with Dassault Aviation , and military aircraft with Dassault and Airbus . In 2000 , Groupe Latécoère bought the Czech aircraft company Letov Kbely . In 2006 , the group employed 3,412 people and its annual sales were worth $ 432 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a8003d2b2feadd29cc19459279dd6c7", "text": "Auster Auster Aircraft Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer from 1938 to 1961 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
26a41023fddac9ae19158974fe69d165	In 1941, the comic book character Green Arrow first appeared.	[ { "docid": "913165b92b1890727bdce5991fc762a5", "text": "Green Arrow Green Arrow is a fictional superhero who appears in comic books published by DC Comics . Created by Mortimer Weisinger and designed by George Papp , he first appeared in More Fun Comics # 73 in November 1941 . His real name is Oliver `` Ollie '' Queen , a billionaire businessman and owner of Queen Industries , also a well-known celebrity in his locale of Star City . Sometimes shown dressed like Robin Hood , Green Arrow is an archer who uses his skills to fight crime in his home cities of Star City and Seattle , as well as alongside his fellow superheroes as a member of the Justice League . Though much less frequently used in modern stories , he also deploys a range of trick arrows with various special functions , such as glue , explosive-tipped , grappling hook , flash grenade , tear gas and even kryptonite arrows for use in a range of special situations . At the time of his debut , Green Arrow functioned in many ways as an archery-themed analogue of the very popular Batman character , but writers at DC subsequently developed him into a voice of progressivism very much distinct in character from Batman . Green Arrow enjoyed moderate success in his early years , becoming the cover feature of More Fun , as well as having occasional appearances in other comics . Throughout his first twenty-five years , however , the character never enjoyed greater popularity . In the late 1960s , writer Denny O'Neil , inspired by the character 's dramatic visual redesign by Neal Adams , chose to have him lose his fortune , giving him the then-unique role of a streetwise crusader for the working class and the disadvantaged . In 1970 , he was paired with a more law and order-oriented hero , Green Lantern , in a ground-breaking , socially conscious comic book series . Since then , he has been popular among comic book fans and most writers have taken an urban , gritty approach to the character . The character was killed off in the 1990s and replaced by a new character , Oliver 's son Connor Hawke . Connor , however , proved a less popular character , and the original Oliver Queen character was resurrected in the 2001 `` Quiver '' storyline , by writer Kevin Smith . In the 2000s , the character has been featured in bigger storylines focusing on Green Arrow and Black Canary , such as the DC event The Green Arrow/Black Canary Wedding and the high-profile Justice League : Cry for Justice storyline , prior to the character 's relaunch alongside most of DC 's properties in 2011 . Green Arrow was not initially a well-known character outside of comic book fandom : he had appeared in a single episode of the animated series Super Friends in 1973 . In the 2000s , the character appeared in a number of DC television properties , including the animated series Justice League Unlimited , Young Justice , The Batman and Batman : The Brave and the Bold , and several DC Universe Animated Original Movies . In live action , he appeared in the series Smallville , played by actor Justin Hartley , and became a core cast member . In 2012 , the live action series Arrow debuted on The CW , in which the title character is portrayed by Stephen Amell , earning positive reviews and launched several spin-off series , becoming the starting point for a DC Comics shared television universe .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "afd983ce80863b7f14f0bfce0a9e7e68", "text": "All Star DC Comics All Star was an imprint of ongoing comic book titles published by American company DC Comics that ran from 2005 to 2008 . DC has published two titles under the All-Star banner , featuring Batman and Superman . The premise of the imprint was to partner DC Comics ' top tier characters with the most popular and acclaimed writers and artists . The creators had access to all elements in the characters ' histories to present their interpretation for a modern audience that have not read these DC characters ' comics previously , or had not seen them lately . The creative teams were not beholden to any previous and present continuities , and told stories that featured `` the most iconic versions of these characters '' . The project had been compared to the Ultimate line of Marvel Comics , which was a successful attempt to re-introduce Marvel 's most popular characters to a new generation of readers by presenting new , updated versions unburdened by decades of plotlines . There were several differences between the two imprints , though . While the Ultimate titles have closely interrelated storylines , of the two All-Star series released , there has been no effort to make them conform to each other or indicate they exist in the same continuity . Another is that All-Star did not seek to introduce brand new versions of the characters so much as to present them in unhindered continuity . Robin 's origin was the only one `` rebooted '' in this imprint . Some observers , and DC themselves , had pointed to the return of DC 's major film franchises as an impetus for All-Star . `` No one can doubt that some kind of continuity shedding is necessary with Superman and Batman coming to the big screens , '' the website Comicon.com wrote . `` Moviegoers entertained by these films would find the current comics storylines impenetrable '' . With the end of Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely 's All-Star Superman and the rebranding of Frank Miller and Jim Lee 's All Star Batman and Robin as Dark Knight : Boy Wonder as well as the introduction of the DC : Earth One line of OGNs , the imprint is effectively defunct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0363d7bafc65c170834b4fca89cb3584", "text": "Action Comics Action Comics is an American comic book series that introduced Superman , one of the first major superhero characters as the term is popularly defined . The publisher was originally known as National Allied Publications , and later as National Comics Publications and as National Periodical Publications , before taking on its current name of DC Comics . Its original incarnation ran from 1938 to 2011 and stands as one of the longest-running comic books with consecutively numbered issues . A second volume of Action Comics with issue # 1 ran from 2011 to 2016 . Action Comics returned to its original numbering beginning with issue # 957 ( Aug. 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f7d858526a2a25d5ed38076cc3fe56c", "text": "Wonder Woman: Amazonia Wonder Woman : Amazonia is a comic book one-shot , written by William Messner-Loebs , illustrated by Phil Winslade , and published by DC Comics under its Elseworlds imprint . As with all Elseworlds it tells a non-canon story of a DC hero , this time Wonder Woman , outside regular continuity . The story is set between 1888 and 1928 in an alternate history with steampunk overtones , previously considered `` Earth-34 '' in the post-Infinite Crisis DC multiverse , now considered `` Earth-19 '' in the The New 52 ( post - `` Flashpoint '' ) universe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cddc20dd18f3e8b71a33154c48dcda9d", "text": "Galactus Galactus is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Formerly a mortal man , Galactus is a cosmic entity who originally consumed planets to sustain his life force , and serves a functional role in the upkeep of the primary Marvel continuity . Galactus was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and first appeared in the comic book Fantastic Four # 48 , published in March 1966 . Lee and Kirby had desired to introduce a character that broke away from the archetype of the standard villain , culminating in the creation of Galactus . In the character 's first appearance Galactus was depicted as a god-like figure who feeds by draining living planets of their energy , and operates without regard to the morality and judgements of mortal beings . Galactus ' initial origin was that of a space explorer named Galan who gained cosmic abilities by passing near a star , but writer Mark Gruenwald further developed the origin of the character , revealing that Galan lived during the previous universe . As Galan 's universe came to an end , Galan merged with the `` Sentience of the Universe '' to become Galactus , an entity that wielded such cosmic power as to require devouring entire planets to sustain his existence . Additional material written by John Byrne , Jim Starlin , and Louise Simonson explored Galactus ' role and purpose in the Marvel Universe , and examined the actions of the character through themes of genocide , manifest destiny , ethics , and natural/necessary existence . Frequently accompanied by a herald ( such as the Silver Surfer ) , the character has appeared as both antagonist and protagonist in central and supporting roles . Since debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , Galactus has played a role in over five decades of Marvel continuity . The character has been featured in other Marvel media , such as arcade games , video games , animated television series , and the 2007 film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer . In 2009 , Galactus ranked 5th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Villains '' , citing the character 's `` larger than life presence '' as making him one of the more important villains ever created . IGN also noted `` Galactus is one of the few villains on our list to really defy the definition of an evil-doer '' as the character is compelled to destroy worlds because of his hunger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c93e9c58a7a35ac9770cbb52fef472f", "text": "Captain Triumph Captain Triumph is a superhero from the Golden Age of Comics who first appeared in Crack Comics # 27 , published in January 1943 by Quality Comics . The character was later obtained by DC Comics , though by that time he had already lapsed into the public domain . Some of his Golden Age adventures were reprinted by AC Comics in the Men of Mystery anthology . He is not to be confused with another DC Comics property , Triumph .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96755d5fbc3315f0d7c6c2a2a5cf7c88", "text": "Krypton (comics) Krypton , a planet appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . The planet is the native world of Superman and is named after the element krypton , which is abundant in its atmosphere . The planet was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster , and was first referred to in Action Comics # 1 ( June 1938 ) . The planet made its first full appearance in Superman # 1 ( Summer 1939 ) . Krypton is also the native world of Supergirl , Krypto the Superdog , and Power Girl ( in her case , an alternate-universe version designated `` Krypton-Two '' ) . It has been consistently described as having been destroyed shortly after Superman 's flight from the planet , although the exact details of its destruction vary by time period and writers . Kryptonians were the dominant species on Krypton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced05eef9ffac83662b4e2c14f405499", "text": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities . Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel . Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 . In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61ad44d3c3dc64390763d00c3fec5d8a", "text": "The Green Turtle The Green Turtle is a fictional character , a superhero published by Blazing Comics . He first appeared in Blazing Comics ( 1944 ) , and was created by Chu F. Hing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93e636b66a673b411e265d5a1f5118ee", "text": "Legion of Super-Heroes The Legion of Super-Heroes is a fictional superhero team appearing in books published by DC Comics . Created by writer Otto Binder and artist Al Plastino , the Legion is a group of superpowered beings living in the 30th and 31st centuries of the , and first appears in Adventure Comics # 247 ( April 1958 ) . Initially , the team was closely associated with the original Superboy character ( Superman when he was a teenager ) , and was portrayed as a group of time travelers . Later , the Legion 's origin and back story were fleshed out , and the group was given its own monthly comic . Eventually , Superboy was removed from the team altogether and appeared only as an occasional guest star . The team has undergone two major reboots during its run . The original version was replaced with a new rebooted version following the events of the `` Zero Hour '' storyline in 1994 and another rebooted team was introduced in 2004 . A fourth version of the team , nearly identical to the original version , was introduced in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c81a4107ae24df1c5f9c7f6c58ee8fb8", "text": "Rocket Red Brigade The Rocket Red Brigade is a DC Comics superhero team . They first appeared in Green Lantern Corps # 208 ( January 1987 ) , and were created by Steve Englehart and Joe Staton . The name is likely a play on the term `` Red Brigade '' and the phrase `` the rockets ' red glare '' from The Star-Spangled Banner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bb1e1372c552b1c2d9b5c28dac6989f", "text": "Golden Knight The Golden Knight is a fictional character , a comic book knight published by DC Comics . He first appeared in The Demon vol . 3 , # 20 ( February 1992 ) , and was created by Alan Grant and Val Semeiks . The character is based on the mythical knight Percival as defined by Chrétien de Troyes ' unfinished fifth romance , Perceval , le Conte du Graal ( Perceval , the Story of the Grail ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbb4d4e21a018fa326bfffbe24e76907", "text": "Hawkman (Carter Hall) Hawkman ( Carter Hall ) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Created by Gardner Fox and Dennis Neville , the character first appeared in Flash Comics # 1 ( January 1940 ) . There are two separate origins for Carter Hall : the Golden Age origin and the Post-Hawkworld ( or current ) origin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f362d900c09ae8dfbaf0fbe49511ac1c", "text": "Invisible Hood The Invisible Hood is a fictional superhero in the DC Comics Universe . He was originally owned by Quality Comics , but was later acquired by DC Comics , along with other Quality characters . He first appeared in Smash Comics # 1 ( August 1939 ) , and was created by Art Pinajian , Pinajian illustrated the story under the pseudonym `` Art Gordon '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42ac586ee826cdf853d46056a85d48a2", "text": "Dick Grayson Richard John `` Dick '' Grayson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics , commonly in association with Batman . Created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger and illustrator Jerry Robinson , he first appeared in Detective Comics # 38 in April 1940 as the original incarnation of Robin . In Tales of the Teen Titans # 44 ( July 1984 ) the character retires his role as Robin and assumes the superhero persona of Nightwing , created by Marv Wolfman and artist George Pérez . The youngest in a family of acrobats known as the `` Flying Graysons '' , Dick watches a mafia boss kill his parents in order to extort money from the circus that employed them . Batman ( Bruce Wayne ) takes him in as a legal ward ( retconned as an adopted son in some cases ) and the crime-fighting partner Robin . He is written by many authors as the first son of Batman . As well as being Batman 's crime-fighting partner , Dick establishes himself as the leader of the Teen Titans , a team of teenage superheroes . As a young man , he retires as Robin and takes on his own superhero identity to assert his independence , becoming Nightwing . As Nightwing , he continues to lead the Teen Titans and later the Outsiders . In the first volume of his eponymous series ( 1996 -- 2009 ) , he becomes the protector of Blüdhaven , Gotham 's economically troubled neighboring city , the locale the character is most closely associated with . He has also served stints protecting the streets of New York , Chicago and Gotham in other runs over the years . Dick Grayson has taken on the identity of Batman on a few occasions . Following `` Batman : Knightfall '' , Grayson declines taking up the mantle of Batman while the original was recovering from a broken back as he feels Nightwing is a hero in his own right and not Batman 's understudy , but after the events of the Zero Hour miniseries later that year , he replaces Bruce Wayne as Batman , beginning in Robin # 0 ( 1994 ) and extending throughout the Batman : Prodigal storyline in 1995 . Dick again assumes the mantle following the events of `` Batman R.I.P. '' ( 2008 ) and Final Crisis ( 2008 -- 9 ) . As Batman , Dick moves to Gotham City following his mentor 's apparent death and partners with the fifth Robin , Damian Wayne . On Bruce 's return , both men maintained the Batman identity until 2011 , when Dick returned to the Nightwing identity with DC 's The New 52 continuity reboot . In a 2014 comic story , Dick is forced to abandon the Nightwing identity after being unmasked on TV and faking his death , setting up Tim Seeley 's Grayson comic book , Dick becomes Agent 37 , Batman 's mole in the nefarious spy organization Spyral . Following the conclusion of the Grayson series , and the restoration of his secret identity in the series ' final issue , Dick returns to being Nightwing as part of the DC Rebirth relaunch in 2016 . Dick Grayson has appeared as Robin in several other media adaptations : the 1943 serial played by Douglas Croft , the 1949 serial played by Johnny Duncan , the 1966 -- 1968 live action Batman television series and its motion picture portrayed by Burt Ward , played by Chris O'Donnell in the 1995 film Batman Forever and its 1997 sequel Batman & Robin . Loren Lester voiced the character as Robin in Batman : The Animated Series and later as Nightwing 's first screen adaptation in The New Batman Adventures . In May 2011 , IGN ranked Dick Grayson # 11 on their list of the `` Top 100 Super Heroes of All Time '' . In 2013 , ComicsAlliance ranked Grayson as Nightwing as # 1 on their list of the `` 50 Sexiest Male Characters in Comics '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5126b6d33c0289e91a1eed8dc56895d", "text": "Emerald Empress The Emerald Empress is a fictional character in DC Comics . A supervillain that is an enemy of the Legion of Super-Heroes and a member of the Fatal Five , she was created by Jim Shooter and Curt Swan , and first appeared in Adventure Comics # 352 ( January 1967 ) . The character was ranked 38th in Comics Buyer 's Guide 's `` 100 Sexiest Women in Comics '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b38916b0f92c28cc89a41a556de5ac5f", "text": "The Adventures of Superman (novel) The Adventures of Superman is a novel by George Lowther . It was first published in 1942 with illustrations by Joe Shuster , the co-creator of Superman . A facsimile edition was released in 1995 by Applewood Books , with a new introduction by Roger Stern . This book is the first novelization of a comic book character , and also the first Superman story credited to someone other than Jerry Siegel . It was Lowther who first provided many now-familiar details of Superman 's birth and early life . The first two chapters provided the first detailed description of the planet Krypton , and renamed Kal-El 's parents Jor-El and Lara who previously had been named Jor-L and Lora . The next three chapters dealt with Clark Kent 's childhood on the farm of his adoptive parents , Eben and Sarah Kent . ( In the comics , the Kents suffered through many name changes before settling on Jonathan and Martha in 1952 . ) In the sixth chapter , Clark arrived in Metropolis and got a job with the Daily Planet , while the remaining eleven chapters deal with a mystery involving ghost ships and Nazi spies . The book is illustrated with four full-page color illustrations , six full-page black-and-white illustrations , and numerous sketches , all examples of Joe Shuster 's work . Category :1942 American novels Category : Superman novels Category :1940 s fantasy novels", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd83c9c0f48cf3ce95dab89af9fb990e", "text": "The World's Greatest Super-Heroes The World 's Greatest Super-Heroes is the name to the oversized slipcased hardcover anthology collection , that reprinted six oversized graphic novels all created by artist Alex Ross and writer Paul Dini . Four graphic novels were originally published to celebrate the 60th anniversary of DC main characters : Superman , Batman , Captain Marvel and Wonder Woman , thus Superman : Peace on Earth were published in 1998 , Batman : War on Crime in 1999 , Shazam ! : Power of Hope in 2000 and finally Wonder Woman : Spirit of Truth in 2001 . Alex Ross original idea was make a statement about the four superhero comics archetypes : Science Fiction ( Superman ) , Crime/Mystery ( Batman ) , Magic ( Captain Marvel ) and Myth ( Wonder Woman ) . In the following year , DC Comics also published one extra book : JLA : Secret Origins . Not featuring any storyline whatsoever , it only presented the origins of the four main characters already published in the previous books and the origins of other Justice League characters : Green Lantern , Flash , Green Arrow , Black Canary , Martian Manhunter , Hawkman , Hawkgirl and Plastic Man . Every origin was present in two-pages layout based on Joe Shuster 's origin of Superman from Action Comics # 1 . The final book , published in 2003 , JLA : Liberty and Justice presented a full story featuring the entire group , the first time that Alex Ross was able to use all characters in the current timeline . The artwork is of Ross ' very own photorealism , and the books themselves were created after the success of Ross ' and writer Mark Waid 's famous Kingdom Come . The World 's Greatest Super-Heroes was released on August 1 , 2005 on dust-jacket slipcase hardcover edition ( 9.6 '' x 13 '' ) and got paperback reprint ( 8.2 '' x 11 '' ) on September 28 , 2010 . Both collected versions are smaller than the original Treasury Editions ( 10 '' x 13.5 '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4897085b71b9ff30fa6f92cb6d1fbfa3", "text": "Golden Girl Golden Girl is the name of two fictional superheroine characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics , the first of them during the 1930-1940s period known to historians and collectors as the Golden Age of Comic Books .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f2669a9e7f395360affae1688edb2ec", "text": "Superman/Fantastic Four Superman/Fantastic Four , subtitled `` The Infinite Destruction , '' is an intercompany comic book jointly published by DC Comics and Marvel Comics in July 1999 . The tale unites DC 's first superhero Superman and Marvel 's first superhero team , the Fantastic Four -- pitting them against the Cyborg Superman ( who gained notoriety in 1993 during DC 's `` Reign of the Supermen '' story arc ) and the longtime FF foe Galactus . It was written by Dan Jurgens , with art by Jurgens and Art Thibert . The cover features painted art by Alex Ross , based on a layout by Jurgens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37927b2c23d47d05b19f5945d0d4cf6b", "text": "Guardian (DC Comics) Guardian ( James Jacob `` Jim '' Harper ) is a DC Comics superhero . Guardian resembles an earlier Kirby and Simon character Captain America ( first published in March 1941 by Marvel Comics ) in that he had no super powers and carried an indestructible shield .", "title": "" } ]	fever
ae64afc5878102eb462ecfff57a430eb	Venice is located in a tundra.	[ { "docid": "d972084f9dbc685a83b2c048b995574b", "text": "Venice Venice ( -LSB- langˈvɛnɪs -RSB- ; Venezia -LSB- veˈnɛtsja -RSB- ; Venesia -LSB- - vecveˈnɛsja -RSB- ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region . It is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by bridges . These are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon , an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers . Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings , their architecture , and artwork . The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a World Heritage Site . In 2014 , 264,579 people resided in Comune di Venezia , of whom around 55,000 live in the historic city of Venice ( Centro storico ) . Together with Padua and Treviso , the city is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area ( PATREVE ) , with a total population of 2.6 million . PATREVE is a statistical metropolitan area without any degree of autonomy . The name is derived from the ancient Veneti people who inhabited the region by the 10th century BC . The city was historically the capital of the Republic of Venice . Venice has been known as the `` La Dominante , '' `` Serenissima , '' `` Queen of the Adriatic , '' `` City of Water , '' `` City of Masks , '' `` City of Bridges , '' `` The Floating City , '' and `` City of Canals . '' The Republic of Venice was a major financial and maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance , and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto , as well as a very important center of commerce ( especially silk , grain , and spice ) and art in the 13th century up to the end of the 17th century . The City State of Venice is considered to have been the first real international financial center which gradually emerged from the 9th century to its peak in the 14th century . This made Venice a wealthy city throughout most of its history . It is also known for its several important artistic movements , especially the Renaissance period . After the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna , the Republic was annexed by the Austrian Empire , until it became part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1866 , following a referendum held as a result of the Third Italian War of Independence . Venice has played an important role in the history of symphonic and operatic music , and it is the birthplace of Antonio Vivaldi . Venice has been ranked the most beautiful city in the world as of 2016 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "58667269a485fa4bf127e15f9177b37f", "text": "Unified Deep Water System of European Russia The Unified Deep Water System of European Russia or UDWS is a system of inland waterways in Russia linking the White Sea , the Baltic Sea , the Volga River , Moscow , the Caspian Sea and -- via the Sea of Azov -- the Black Sea . In 2010 , UDWS carried 70 million tons of cargo and 12 million passengers , making up two-thirds of overall inland waterway traffic volume in Russia . There are 60 common-use ports and quays on UDWS , including 3 international ports ( 2 in Moscow and 1 in Dmitrov , Moscow Oblast ) . Owing to UDWS , Moscow is sometimes called `` the port of the five seas '' . The depth throughout the system was targeted at 4.5 m , allowing passage of not only river craft but many sea-going vessels including warships and even nuclear submarines . However , at present time , the depth is mostly guaranteed at the lesser 4 m , except the even shallower sections like Gorodets -- Nizhny Novgorod at 2.5 m , Kochetovsky hydro-system -- stanitsa Bagayevskaya at 3.2 m , and others . There are plans to increase depth of these sections to 4 m. The system includes these waterways : Neva River Lake Ladoga Svir River Lake Onega Volga -- Baltic Waterway -- connects Lake Onega to Volga River ; built in early 19th century as Mariinsk Canal System , rebuilt in 1956 -- 1964 White Sea -- Baltic Canal -- connects Lake Onega to White Sea ; constructed in 1931 -- 1933 Moscow Canal -- directly connects Moscow to Volga River ; constructed in 1932 -- 1937 Volga River Kama River Belaya River Volga -- Don Canal -- connects Volga River to Don River ; constructed in 1948 -- 1952 Don River", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e66e8c9dd537a26e7259c3448ed8e730", "text": "Stato da Màr The Stato da Màr or Domini da Mar ( `` State/Domains of the Sea '' ) was the name given to the Republic of Venice 's maritime and overseas possessions , including Istria , Dalmatia , Albania , Negroponte , the Morea ( the `` Kingdom of the Morea '' ) , the Aegean islands of the Duchy of the Archipelago , and the islands of Crete ( the `` Kingdom of Candia '' ) and Cyprus . It was one of the three subdivisions of the Republic of Venice 's possessions , the other two being the Dogado , i.e. Venice proper , and the Domini di Terraferma in northern Italy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1795a1491b0474e3bbc862354bc284ca", "text": "Lake Maggiore Lake Maggiore ( Lago Maggiore , -LSB- ˈlaːɡo madˈdʒoːre -RSB- literally ` Greater Lake ' ) or Lago Verbàno ( -LSB- verˈbaːno -RSB- Lacus Verbanus ) is a large lake located on the south side of the Alps . It is the second largest lake in Italy and the largest in southern Switzerland . The lake and its shoreline are divided between the Italian regions of Piedmont and Lombardy and the Swiss canton of Ticino . Located halfway between Lake Orta and Lake Lugano , Lake Maggiore extends for about 65 km between Locarno and Arona . The climate is mild in both summer and winter , producing Mediterranean vegetation , with many gardens growing rare and exotic plants . Well-known gardens include those of the Borromean and Brissago Islands , that of the Villa Taranto in Verbania , and the Alpinia botanical garden above Stresa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c04007feb746dd1e98f0da938db5ee7b", "text": "Danubian Flat The Danubian Flat ( Slovak : Podunajská rovina , German : Donauebene ) , also translated as Danubian Plain , is the south-western , more flat , part of the Danubian Lowland in Slovakia . The border with the Danubian Hills runs approx . along the line Bratislava -- Senec -- Sereď -- Nové Zámky -- Patince . It has been formed by the arms of the Danube ( Little Danube and others ) and by the southern Váh , Nitra and Žitava rivers . It is filled with huge layers of gravel from the Danube and other rivers of the area . These Danubian gravels are covered with loess and other very fertile soils . The Danube forms here a unique continental delta system of meanders and dead arms . The area between one of those arms called Little Danube and the Danube is known as the Žitný ostrov , the biggest river island in Europe . The Žitný ostrov is an area with marsh depressions , natural lakes and artificial lakes . The drainage system of the southern area was ( deliberately ) significantly changed by the construction of the Gabčíkovo Dam on the Danube . The Žitný ostrov has been a `` Protected Water Management Area '' since 1978 . The area is rich in forest glades , water and marsh fauna and flora . It has rich subterranean water reservoirs . Those in Žitný ostrov are among the largest in Central Europe . Warm springs can be found in Komárno , Štúrovo and Patince . The area has the warmest and driest climate in Slovakia . This , and the fact that it has fertile soils , make it the ideal place for agriculture . Wheat , sugar beets , sweet corn , vegetables and tobacco are grown here . Fruit and vine growing are also important . The most important towns of the area are the Slovak capital Bratislava ( the Danube Flat begins in below Bratislava Castle in central Bratislava ) , Galanta , Sereď , Dunajská Streda , Komárno , and Nové Zámky . The area features many small-scale protected areas , such as Ostov Kopáč in Bratislava or the Vlčianske mŕtve rameno , Čičovské mŕtve rameno . Protected marshes are for example the unique Šúr area in Svätý Jur . The area of Zlatná na Ostrove provides an extensive habitat for great bustards . Excellent opportunities for summer recreation are provided by the lakes Zlaté piesky in Bratislava and the lakes Slnečné jazerá in Senec , or by thermal swimming pools in Dunajská Streda , Veľký Meder and Diakovce . Category : Landforms of Slovakia Category : Plains of Slovakia Category : River deltas of Europe", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07a56939b102e84ea78f17c082e5dd66", "text": "70th Venice International Film Festival The 70th annual Venice International Film Festival took place in Venice , Italy from 28 August to 7 September 2013 . American film director William Friedkin was presented with a lifetime achievement award . Italian film director Bernardo Bertolucci was the President of the Jury . He was previously the President of the Jury at the 40th edition in 1983 . Gravity , directed by Alfonso Cuarón , was the opening film of the festival . Italian actress Eva Riccobono hosted the opening and closing nights of the festival . The Golden Lion was awarded to the Italian documentary film Sacro GRA . It was the first documentary film to win the award at the Venice Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "764ba130a00097c2d0195293a4dba6c2", "text": "Sestiere A sestiere ( plural : sestieri ) is a subdivision of certain Italian towns and cities . The word is from sesto , or sixth ; and is thus used only for towns divided into six districts . The best-known example is the sestieri of Venice , but Ascoli Piceno , Genoa , Milan and Rapallo , for example , were also divided into sestieri . The medieval Lordship of Negroponte , on the island of Euboea , was also at times divided into six districts , each with a separate ruler , through the arbitration of Venice , which were known as sestieri . The island of Crete , a Venetian colony ( the `` Kingdom of Candia '' ) from the Fourth Crusade , was also divided into six parts , named after the sestieri of Venice herself , while the capital Candia retained the status of a comune of Venice . The island of Burano north of Venice is also subdivided into sestieri . A variation of the word is occasionally found : the comune of Leonessa , for example , is divided into sesti or sixths . Other Italian towns with fewer than six official districts are frequently divided into analogous quartieri ( 4 , whence the English word `` quarter '' to mean a neighbourhood ) or terzieri ( 3 ) ; some towns merely refer to these neighbourhoods by the non-number-specific rioni . Sestieri , quartieri , terzieri , rioni , and their analogues are usually no longer administrative divisions of these towns , but historical and traditional communities , most often seen in their sharpest relief in the town 's annual palio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06351ba1df6e7fe2e1e64a8ba328dd1e", "text": "Venice People Mover \| -RCB- The Venice People Mover is a people mover-type public transit system in Venice , Italy opened in 2010 . It connects Piazzale Roma with the city 's Tronchetto island car parking facility , via a stop above the Marittima cruise terminal . The transport system started operating on April 19 , 2010 . The two vehicles of the system are pulled by a cable similar to a funicular . The whole 853 m journey takes three minutes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdbd5c2ec57deb6ef81e2e6390332cab", "text": "Venice (disambiguation) Venice is a city in Italy . In historical contexts , the name may refer to the Republic of Venice . Venice may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "441f34d256912cc2d46548569f412b8f", "text": "Lake Geneva Lake Geneva ( le lac Léman or le Léman -LSB- lə ( lak ) lemɑ̃ -RSB- , sometimes le lac de Genève -LSB- lə lak də ʒ nɛːv -RSB- , Genfersee -LSB- ˈɡɛnfərˌzeː -RSB- ) is a lake on the north side of the Alps , shared between Switzerland and France . It is one of the largest lakes in Western Europe and the largest on the course of the Rhône . 59.53 % ( 345.31 km2 ) of it comes under the jurisdiction of Switzerland ( cantons of Vaud , Geneva , and Valais ) , and 40.47 % ( 234.71 km2 ) under France ( department of Haute-Savoie ) . Lake Geneva has been explored by four submarines : the Auguste Piccard and the F.-A . Forel , both built by Jacques Piccard , and the two Mir submersibles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83e6965a5c0446ec4ac71f1c9271fd23", "text": "Ca’ Sanudo Turloni, Venice Ca ' Sanudo Turloni is a Gothic-style palace located with a facade on Rio de Sant ` Antonio , and located in Calle Pezzana # 2162 , in the Sestiere San Polo in Venice , Italy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86897c67cceee0308fa83a9bc65b4c6f", "text": "Lilla Värtan Lilla Värtan ( Smaller Värtan ) or simply Värtan is a strait in Stockholm , Sweden . Separating mainland Stockholm from the island and municipality Lidingö , it stretches from Blockhusudden in the south to Stora Värtan in the north . Two bridges , collectively called Lidingöbron ( `` Lidingö Bridge '' ) stretch over the strait . While most of the coasts surrounding the strait are occupied by industries and the ferry terminals and oil tanks in the harbour area of Värtahamnen , natural beaches are found in both the southern and the northern end of the strait and the strait forms part of the Royal National City Park . Most common fish species are Baltic herring , sea trout , and salmon . Stationary predator fishes , e.g. northern pike and perch , are exposed to raised levels of mercury . The area is considered an important wintering location for several birds species , including swans , Eurasian coot , common pochard , tufted duck , black-headed gull , lesser black-backed gull , gadwall , and common tern . The strait constitutes an important locale , especially ice-free winters , besides the lake Isbladskärret on Djurgården . Vegetation on the shore lines of Lilla Värtan includes alder , purple loosestrife , common valerian , yellow loosestrife , reed canary-grass , tall fescue , lesser periwinkle , and giant knotweed . Levels of heavy metals and organic waste are high in the bottom silt and nutrient levels high in the water . The level of phosphorus was 29 µg / l in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b2c2188c018f6f07a672713f05c8e16", "text": "Dvina Bay The Dvina Bay is located in Arkhangelsk Oblast in Northwestern Russia . It is one of four large bays and gulfs of the White Sea , the others being the Mezen Bay , the Onega Bay , and the Kandalaksha Gulf . The two main river emptying into the Dvina Bay is the Northern Dvina River , while the two cities on the bay are Arkhangelsk and Severodvinsk . The Dvina Bay is 93 km long and 130 km wide . Administratively , the coast and the islands belong to Primorsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast . The Northern Dvina forms a delta entering the Dvina Bay , with many islands separating different streams . There are many small islands in the Dvina Bay as well , the biggest being Mudyug Island . A national park , Onezhskoye Pomorye National Park , was open on the Onega Peninsula on 26 February 2013 . The Dvina Bay is limited by the Onega Peninsula from the west . At the eastern side , the shore steeply rises to a plateau ( White Sea - Kuloy Plateau ) which drains east into the Soyana , a major tributary of the Kuloy . The Onega Bay shore is often referred to as Letny Bereg ( Summer Coast ) , and the eastern shore of the bay is Zimny Bereg ( Winter Coast ) . The names reflect the fact that the pomors of the Dvina Bay were fishing at Summer Coast and Winter Coast in the summer and in the winter , respectively . The Dvina Bay coast was populated by Russians ( Novgorodians , of whom the pomors are the descendants ) not later than in the 13th century . Until the 18th century , when Saint Petersburg was founded , Arkhangelsk was the only sea harbour of Russia , and the Northern Dvina and the Dvina Bay were main connection of Russia with the outside world . Most of the villages at the Dvina Bay coast such as Pertominsk , Lopshenga , or Yarenga , are old Pomor villages still depending on fishery . Except for vicinity of the river delta of the Northern Dvina , both Winter and Summer coasts are remote , with sea and air being the only connections to the villages . There is regular sea navigation in the summer , serving all of the villages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47c0cffb322c4a623983e0d3bcf1cf59", "text": "Scandinavian Peninsula The Scandinavian Peninsula ( Skandinaviska halvön Den skandinaviske halvøy Skandinavian niemimaa ? Скандинавский полуостров , Skandinavsky poluostrov ) is a peninsula in Northern Europe , which generally comprises the mainland of Sweden , the mainland of Norway ( with the exception of a small coastal area bordering Russia ) , the northwestern area of Finland , as well as a narrow area in the west of the Pechengsky District of Russia . The name of the peninsula is derived from the term Scandinavia , the cultural region of Denmark , Norway and Sweden . That cultural name is in turn derived from the name of Scania , the region at the southern extremity of the peninsula which has during periods been part of Denmark , which is the ancestral home of the Danes , and which is now part of Sweden . The derived term `` Scandinavian '' also refers to the Germanic peoples who speak North Germanic languages , considered to be a dialect continuum derived from Old Norse . These modern North Germanic languages found in Scandinavia are Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish ; additionally Faroese and Icelandic belong to the same language group , but they are not part of the modern Scandinavian dialect continuum and are not intelligible with the other languages . The Scandinavian Peninsula is the largest peninsula of Europe , larger than the Balkan , the Iberian and the Italian peninsulas . During the Ice Ages , the sea level of the Atlantic Ocean dropped so much that the Baltic Sea , the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland disappeared , and the countries now surrounding them , including Germany , Poland , the other Baltic countries and Scandinavia , were directly joined by land .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dbbc8a048eb58a1cb573eb0f075e992", "text": "History of Venice Venice is a city in Italy . It was also an independent republic from the 8th century to 1797 . For the history of the city , see History of the city of Venice . For the Republic , see History of the Republic of Venice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d973de638c04ef9d1bf5c859489de56", "text": "Lago della Vacca Lago della Vacca is a lake in the Province of Brescia , Lombardy , Italy . At an elevation of 2358 m , its surface area is 0.256 km ² . Category : Lakes of Lombardy", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d7f1127e4e5fc6a65607777cd02c450", "text": "Via de Zenta Via de Zenta , known simply as Zeta ( Зетски пут / Zetski put ) was a medieval road connecting the Adriatic with the medieval Serbian state . It started from the mouth of the Bojana , the Skadar port , ( alternatively Bar then Cetinje ) along the Drin Valley to Prizren , then to Lipljan , then through Novo Brdo to Vranje and Niš . The Republic of Venice and Ragusa used the road for trade with Serbia and Bulgaria . From Niš , the ancient Roman road of Via Militaris continued all the way to Constantinople . The road ended its use with the Ottoman conquest of this part of Serbia by 1392 , after the earlier Ottoman conquest of the southern provinces of Macedonia ( 1371 ) , the Ottomans having begun their European conquest at Gallipoli ( 1354 ) . The Venetian traders , who were the most frequent users of the road , used it for export of wheat , animals , silver and grape from Serbia and Bulgaria to Italy . It was among the most important communication links of Ragusa and its hinterland . The other road connecting hinterland Serbia with the Adriatic was that from Niš , through the mining province of Kopaonik , to Via Drine . Two other -LSB- smaller -RSB- roads went through Bosnia to the northeast : one was Via Narenta , traversing the canyons of the Neretva , and the other was Via Argentaria , that connected Split with the silver mines of Ilidža and Srebrenica and in turn Sremska Mitrovica in the north . It had an important cultural role as in connecting the hinterlands with the Adriatic cities which also had a Latin population , and Venice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2aa703592cee544c1c89893ff607ecc5", "text": "Obedska bara Obedska bara ( Obedska pond or Obedska bog , Serbian Cyrillic : Обедска бара , pronounced -LSB- ɔ̂bɛdskaː bâra -RSB- ) is a large swamp-forest area and natural reserve stretching along the Sava River in Southern Syrmia ( Serbia ) , some 40 km west of Belgrade . The pond is an oxbow lake , a remnant of the meanders of the old Sava River , whose main stream presently flows more southward . Due to its shape the swampy bed of the pond , situated between the villages of Obrež and Kupinovo , is called `` The Horse-shoe '' ( potkovica ) . Higher grounds with cut-in depressions and old oak forests are called `` The Hoof '' ( kopito ) . The pond is an authentic complex of stagnant tributaries , marshes , pits , marsh vegetation , damp meadows and forests . It is home to over 30 different water , swamp , forest and meadow biocoenoses . The fauna includes 220 species of birds , 50 species of mammals , 13 of amphibians , 11 of reptiles and 16 of fish , while the flora includes 500 species plants , 180 species of mushrooms and 50 species of moss . It is one of the richest and best preserved wildlife habitats in the Pannonian plain . Obedska pond is one of the world 's oldest nature areas , first administrative protective measures having been introduced 1874 , when the Habsburg Empire protected it as hunting ground of the royal family . Presently , it has first-category legal protection status , denoting a natural asset of exceptional value . Its status has been verified by the Ramsar Convention on swamps since 1977 , and included in the List of areas of special significance for birds of Europe of Important Bird Area project , and UNESCO 's list of world 's most important wetland areas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12f423be7f5e460a7c41a3913c1e4d48", "text": "Lake Onega Lake Onega ( also known as Onego , -LSB- Оне́жское о́зеро , r = Onezhskoe ozero , p = ɐˈnʲɛʂskəɪ ˈozʲɪrə -RSB- Ääninen or Äänisjärvi Oniegu or Oniegu-järve Änine or Änižjärv ) is a lake in the north-west European part of Russia , located on the territory of Republic of Karelia , Leningrad Oblast and Vologda Oblast . It belongs to the basin of the Baltic Sea , Atlantic Ocean , and is the second largest lake in Europe after Lake Ladoga . The lake is fed by about 50 rivers and is drained by the Svir River . There are about 1,650 islands on the lake . They include Kizhi , which hosts a historical complex of 89 orthodox wooden churches and other wooden constructions of 15th -- 20th centuries . The complex includes a UNESCO World Heritage site Kizhi Pogost . Eastern shores of the lake contain about 1200 petroglyphs ( rock engravings ) dated to 4th -- 2nd millennia BC . The major cities on the lake are Petrozavodsk , Kondopoga and Medvezhyegorsk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4d48fcbdec0e3fb5add8248d110eaa4", "text": "Drift ice Drift ice is any sea ice other than fast ice , the latter being attached ( `` fastened '' ) to the shoreline or other fixed objects ( shoals , grounded icebergs , etc. ) . Drift ice is carried along by winds and sea currents , hence its name . When drift ice is driven together into a large single mass ( > 70 % coverage ) , it is called pack ice . Wind and currents can pile up that ice to form ridges up to several metres in height . These represent a challenge for icebreakers and offshore structures operating in cold oceans and seas . Drift ice consists of floes , individual pieces of sea ice 20 m or more across . There are names for various floe sizes : small -- 20 m to 100 m ; medium -- 100 m to 500 m ; big -- 500 m to 2000 m ; vast -- 2 km to 10 km ; and giant -- more than 10 km . Seasonal ice drift in the Sea of Okhotsk by the northern coast of Hokkaidō , Japan has become a tourist attraction of this area with harsh climate , and is one of the 100 Soundscapes of Japan . The Sea of Okhotsk is the southernmost area in the Northern hemisphere where drift ice may be observed . Drift ice affects : Security of navigation Climatic impact ( see Polar ice packs ) Geological impact Biosphere influence ( see Ecology of sea ice ) The two major ice packs are the Arctic ice pack and the Antarctic ice pack . The most important areas of pack ice are the polar ice packs formed from seawater in the Earth 's polar regions : the Arctic ice pack of the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic ice pack of the Southern Ocean . Polar packs significantly change their size during seasonal changes of the year . Because of vast amounts of water added to or removed from the oceans and atmosphere , the behavior of polar ice packs has a significant impact on global changes in climate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "447fac80aca69bf8b888152005e1e7d0", "text": "Volga Upland The Volga Upland , also known as the Volga Uplands , Volga Plateau , Volga Hills , or Volga Plateau , ( Russian : Приволжская возвышенность - Privolzhskaya vozvyshennost ) is a vast region of East European Plain in European part of Russia that lies west of the Volga River and east of the Central Russian Upland . The uplands run for approximately 500 miles ( 804 km ) in a southwest-northeasterly direction from Volgograd to Kazan . The Tsimlyansk Reservoir lies at the southwestern end of the Volga Upland , with the Kuybyshev Reservoir at the northeastern end . The landscape on the Volga Uplands is hilly , and several rivers has cut into it , such as the Khopyor , Medveditsa and the Sura . The Volga-Don Canal cuts through the lowlands between the Volga Uplands to the north and the adjacent Yergeni Hills to the south . The uplands lie in the cool continental climate zone , characterised by large fluctuations in seasonal temperatures and generally little rainfall . Outside of the cities in the region , population density is generally between 28 and 129 inhabitants per square mile . The Volga Uplands themselves is rather sparsely populated , but along its edges and in particular along the banks of the Volga there are several large cities , such as ( from north to south ) Kazan , Ulyanovsk , Saransk , Penza , Syzran , Saratov and Volgograd .", "title": "" } ]	fever
f7080ed17fca1bdb0b30ebb92ccfaf88	Bangalore was captured by Europeans.	[ { "docid": "df3102fdd06eb801114b7cb2d26185bf", "text": "Bangalore Bangalore -LSB- bæŋɡəˈlɔːr -RSB- , officially known as Bengaluru ( -LSB- ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu -RSB- ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of about and a metropolitan population of about , making it the third most populous city and fifth most populous urban agglomeration in India . It is located in southern India on the Deccan Plateau . Its elevation is over 3000 ft above sea level , the highest of India 's major cities . A succession of South Indian dynasties , the Western Gangas , the Cholas and the Hoysalas , ruled the present region of Bangalore until in 1537 CE , Kempé Gowdā -- a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire -- established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bangalore . In 1638 , the Marāthās conquered and ruled Bangalore for almost 50 years , after which the Mughals captured and sold the city to the Mysore Kingdom of the Wadiyar dynasty . It was captured by the British after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1799 ) , who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore . The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . In 1809 , the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore , outside the old city , and a town grew up around it , which was governed as part of British India . Following India 's independence in 1947 , Bangalore became the capital of Mysore State , and remained capital when the new Indian state of Karnataka was formed in 1956 . The two urban settlements of Bangalore -- city and cantonment -- which had developed as independent entities merged into a single urban centre in 1949 . The existing Kannada name , Bengalūru , was declared the official name of the city in 2006 . Bangalore is sometimes referred to as the `` Silicon Valley of India '' ( or `` IT capital of India '' ) because of its role as the nation 's leading information technology ( IT ) exporter . Indian technological organisations ISRO , Infosys , Wipro and HAL are headquartered in the city . A demographically diverse city , Bangalore is the second fastest-growing major metropolis in India . It is home to many educational and research institutions in India , such as Indian Institute of Science ( IISc ) , Indian Institute of Management ( Bangalore ) ( IIMB ) , National Institute of Fashion Technology , Bangalore , National Institute of Design , Bangalore ( NID R&D Campus ) , National Law School of India University ( NLSIU ) and National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences ( NIMHANS ) . Numerous state-owned aerospace and defence organisations , such as Bharat Electronics , Hindustan Aeronautics and National Aerospace Laboratories are located in the city . The city also houses the Kannada film industry .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bb71c5fbc1025f39dcf69f1c4af0771d", "text": "2014 Bangalore bombing The 2014 Bangalore bombing occurred on 28 December 2014 on Church Street in the central business district of Bangalore , India . A low-intensity improvised explosive device ( IED ) placed inside a flower pot on the pavement outside the Coconut Grove restaurant on Church Street exploded at 8:30 pm IST , killing one woman and injuring at least four people . The blast critically injured 37-year-old Bhavani . She was taken to a hospital with severe injuries to her skull and succumbed to her wounds . The injured were identified as Karthik ( 21 ) - Bhavani 's nephew , Sandeep H. ( 39 ) and Vinay M.R. ( 35 ) . Forensics analysis of samples collected from the blast site revealed that the IED contained aluminium powder mixed with sulphur , and residues of potassium nitrate . The report declared , `` This combination is highly dangerous but do not pose heavy damage '' . The report also found that the explosive mixture was kept in a pipe casing filled with iron nails . The pipe casing used to fill the explosive material was estimated to be around 8 to 9 inches , and the weight of the explosives around 200 grams . According to the forensics report , `` A remote sensor was used to cause the blast . And the woman who was killed not because of the flying nails getting stuck on her temple but mainly due to the shrapnel flying from the pipe casing which was stuffed with the explosives . '' No group claimed responsibility for the bombing . Karnataka Police arrested Hyder Ali and Omar Siddiqui , members of the Indian Mujahideen , in connection with the blast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e736947bee1f82ed1585a4b230e270e6", "text": "Siege of Seringapatam (1799) The Siege of Seringapatam ( 5 April -- 4 May 1799 ) was the final confrontation of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War between the British East India Company and the Kingdom of Mysore . The British , with the allied Nizam of Hyderabad , achieved a decisive victory after breaching the walls of the fortress at Seringapatam and storming the citadel . Tipu Sultan , Mysore 's ruler , was killed in the action . The British restored the Wodeyar dynasty to the throne after the victory , but retained indirect control of the kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32933e7e19057af68e11894ea92cd30e", "text": "Ports of Karnataka Karnataka 's coastline called Karavali stretches 300 km between Mangalore in Dakshina Kannada district and Karwar in Uttara Kannada district . The coastline of Karnataka has been along the eastern shore of Arabian Sea . Karnataka has one major and ten minor ports in this coastal belt . Kali , Belekeri , Gangavali , Aghanashini Sharavathi , Sharabi , Kollur , Gangolli , Sitanadi , Gurpur and Netravati are the important rivers in this belt which empty into the Arabian sea . Sea erosion , migration of river mouths , siltation of ports and harbours are some of the problems common to this belt . Development of ports being a state subject , the Government of Karnataka set up the Department of Ports and Inland Water Transport in 1957 . The Department maintains one major and ten minor ports between Mangalore in the south and Karwar in the North . The only major port is the New Mangalore Port . The minor ports are located at Karwar , Old Mangalore , Belekeri , Tadadi , Honnavar , Bhatkal , Kundapur , Hangarakatta , Malpe and Padubidri ports . Of these , the one at Karwar is the only all-weather port while the rest are riverine fair-weather lighterage ports . In the light of the economic reforms that the central government implemented in the early nineties , the Karnataka government also has been making serious efforts to improve its port infrastructure . In 1997 , a `` Port Policy '' was formulated with a view to develop all ports with private participation . The policy is built around the BOOST ( Build-Own-Operate-Share and Transfer ) concept and primarily seeks to improve cargo handling capacity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7af1da9d549151f29f5adb9f35537ca", "text": "Sena dynasty The Sena Empire ( সেন সাম্রাজ্য , Shen Shamrajjo ) was a Hindu dynasty that ruled from Bengal through the 11th and 12th centuries . The empire at its peak covered much of the north-eastern region of the Indian subcontinent . The rulers of the Sena Dynasty traced their origin to the south Indian region of Karnataka . The dynasty 's founder was Hemanta Sena , who was part of the Pala Empire until it began to weaken . Hemanta Sena usurped power and styled himself king in 1095 AD . His successor Vijaya Sena ( ruled from 1096 AD to 1159 AD ) helped lay the foundations of the dynasty , and had an unusually long reign of over 60 years . Ballala Sena conquered Gaur from the Pala , became the ruler of the Bengal Delta , and made Nabadwip the capital as well . Ballala Sena married Ramadevi a princess of the Western Chalukya Empire which indicates that the Sena rulers maintained close social contact with south India . Lakshmana Sena succeeded Ballala Sena in 1179 , ruled Bengal for approximately 20 years , and expanded the Sena Empire to Assam , Odisha , Bihar and probably to Varanasi . In 1203 -- 1204 AD , the Turkic general Bakhtiyar Khilji attacked Nabadwip . Khilji defeated Lakshman Sen and captured northwest Bengal -- although Eastern Bengal remained under Sena control .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "284067e4d5ff21a7690f8af6bcf1c3e7", "text": "Sandur State Sandur State ( Kannada : ಸ ಡ ರ ಸ ಸ ಥ ನ ) was a small princely state of India during the British Raj , part of the Madras States Agency . Its capital was the town of Sanduru .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef27a7c3c405cb196fcbe62701947c6d", "text": "Edward Montagu (Indian Army officer) Edward Montagu ( 1755 -- 1799 ) , Indian officer , was youngest son of Admiral John Montagu , and brother to Admiral Sir George Montagu and Captain James Montagu . Educated at the Royal Academy of Woolwich , he went out to Bengal as an East India cadet in 1770 . There being no commission vacant on his arrival , he was first placed in the ` select picket , ' a military body composed of the cadets then present at Calcutta . On 16 May 1772 he was admitted into the Bengal Artillery as lieutenant-fireworker , and by 24 Sept. 1777 he had risen to the rank of first-lieutenant of artillery . He was attached to Brigadier-general Thomas Goddard 's army during the Mahratta campaign of 1781 , and was successfully employed against certain Mahratta forts on the Rohilcund border , on one occasion being severely wounded in the face by an arrow . In 1782 he accompanied Colonel Pearce 's detachment , sent to join Sir Eyre Coote ( 1726 -- 1783 ) , then engaged against Haider Ali and his French allies in the Carnatic , and in 1783 he commanded the English artillery in the siege unsuccessfully attempted by General James Stuart of Cuddalore , a strong Carnatic fortress then held by the French . On the conclusion of the war in the Carnatic ( 1784 ) , Montagu returned to Bengal . He was promoted to a captaincy on 13 Oct. 1784 . He took a prominent part in the invasion of Mysore , conducted by Lord Cornwallis in 1791 . He superintended the artillery employed in the sieges of Nandidrúg ( captured 19 Oct. 1791 ) and Savandrúg ( captured 21 Dec. 1791 ) . For his skill and vigour Montagu received special commendation from Lord Cornwallis . The war concluded in favour of the English in 1792 . On 1 March 1794 Montagu was made lieutenant-colonel , being now third on the list of Bengal artillery officers . In the final war against Tipu , sultan of Mysore ( 1799 ) , Montagu , as commander of the Bengal artillery , accompanied the army under General Harris which was directed to invade Mysore from Madras . On 9 April 1799 Seringapatam , the Mysore capital , was formally invested . On 2 May Montagu , while directing his battery , was struck in the shoulder by a cannon-shot from the enemy 's lines . He died from the effects of the wound on 8 May 1799 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6140402fd12609bf258864fb0fe6ad6f", "text": "James Brooke Sir James Brooke , Rajah of Sarawak , KCB ( 29 April 1803 -- 11 June 1868 ) , was a Briton born and raised under the Company Raj in NE India , who became the first White Rajah of Sarawak in Borneo . After a few years of education in England , he served in the Bengal Army , was wounded , and resigned his commission . He bought a ship and sailed out to the Malay Archipelago where , by helping to crush a rebellion , he became governor of Sarawak . He then vigorously suppressed piracy in the region and , in the ensuing turmoil , restored the Sultan of Brunei to his throne , for which the Sultan made Brooke the Rajah of Sarawak . He ruled until his death . Brooke was not without detractors and was criticised in the British Parliament and officially investigated in Singapore for his anti-piracy measures . He was , however , honoured in London for his work . The naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace was one of many visitors whose published work spoke of his hospitality and achievements . His final years were spent quietly in England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e738762fa4aab8088d1b064e22b85e12", "text": "Siege of Bangkok The Siege of Bangkok was a key event of the Siamese revolution of 1688 , in which the Kingdom of Siam ousted the French from Siam . Following a coup d'état , in which the pro-Western king Narai was replaced by Phetracha , Siamese troops besieged the French fortress in Bangkok for four months . The Siamese were able to muster about 40,000 troops , equipped with cannon , against the entrenched 200 French troops , but the military confrontation proved inconclusive . Tensions between the two belligerents progressively subsided , and finally a negotiated settlement was reached allowing the French to leave the country . The Siege of Bangkok would mark the end of French military presence in Siam , as France was soon embroiled in the major European conflicts of the War of the League of Augsburg ( 1688 -- 1697 ) , and then the War of the Spanish Succession ( 1701-1713/1714 ) . With the end of the siege , a long period started during which Siam would remain suspicious of Western intervention . Only a few French missionaries were allowed to remain , while trade continued on a limited level with other European countries such as the Dutch Republic and England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b3bd0d9b8e5144ba5625ed1c0f0f455", "text": "Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority ( BMRDA ) is an autonomous body created by the Government of Karnataka under the BMRDA Act 1985 for the purpose of planning , co-ordinating and supervising the proper and orderly development of the areas within the Bangalore Metropolitan Region ( BMR ) which comprises Bangalore Urban district , Bangalore Rural district and Ramanagara District . Since 2007 , BMRDA covers an area of 8005 km2 , the second largest metropolitan area in India , after the National Capital Region . Bangalore has also emerged as India 's fifth largest metropolitan city by population ( and third largest city proper by population ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b46f73307aed536b19f02088e1fe675", "text": "List of governors of Portuguese India The government of Portuguese India started in 1505 , six years after the discovery of the sea route to India by Vasco da Gama , with the nomination of the first Viceroy Francisco de Almeida , then settled at Kochi . Until 1752 , the name `` India '' included all Portuguese possessions in the Indian Ocean , from southern Africa to Southeast Asia , governed - either by a Viceroy or Governor - from its headquarters , established in Goa since 1510 . In 1752 Portuguese Mozambique got its own government and in 1844 the Portuguese Government of India stopped administering the territory of Portuguese Macau , Solor and Portuguese Timor , seeing itself thus confined to a reduced territorial entity in Malabar : Goa , Daman , Diu , Dadra and Nagar Haveli . Portuguese control ceased in the last two enclaves in 1954 , and finally ceased in the remaining three pockets in 1961 , when they were occupied by the Republic of India ( although Portugal only recognized the occupation after the Carnation Revolution in 1974 ) . This ended four and a half centuries of Portuguese rule in parts -- thought tiny -- of India . It may be noted that during the term of the monarchy , the title of the head of the Portuguese government in India ranged from `` Governor '' to `` Viceroy '' . The title of viceroy would only be assigned to members of the nobility ; It was formally terminated in 1774 , although it has later been given sporadically to be decisively ended after 1835 ) , as shown below .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fc01c2d93afa886bd6ffb0814a15ffa", "text": "Hoysala Empire The Hoysala empire was a prominent Southern Indian Kannadiga empire that ruled most of the modern-day state of Karnataka between the 10th and the 14th centuries . The capital of the Hoysalas was initially located at Belur but was later moved to Halebidu . The Hoysala rulers were originally from Malnad Karnataka , an elevated region in the Western Ghats range . In the 12th century , taking advantage of the internecine warfare between the then ruling Western Chalukya and Kalachuri kingdoms , they annexed areas of present-day Karnataka and the fertile areas north of the Kaveri River delta in present-day Tamil Nadu . By the 13th century , they governed most of present-day Karnataka , minor parts of Tamil Nadu and parts of western Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in Deccan India . The Hoysala era was an important period in the development of art , architecture , and religion in South India . The empire is remembered today primarily for its temple architecture . Over a hundred surviving temples are scattered across Karnataka . Well known temples `` which exhibit an amazing display of sculptural exuberance '' include the Chennakesava Temple at Belur , the Hoysaleswara Temple at Halebidu , and the Kesava Temple at Somanathapura . The Hoysala rulers also patronised the fine arts , encouraging literature to flourish in Kannada and Sanskrit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d53a1b45c3c0da50a1c1703bb651104", "text": "Vellore mutiny The Vellore mutiny on 10 July 1806 was the first instance of a large-scale and violent mutiny by Indian sepoys against the East India Company , predating the Indian Rebellion of 1857 by half a century . The revolt , which took place in the South Indian city of Vellore , was brief , lasting only one full day , but brutal as mutineers seized the Vellore Fort and killed or wounded 200 British troops . The mutiny was subdued by cavalry and artillery from Arcot . Summary executions of about 100 mutineers took place during the suppression of the outbreak , followed by the formal court-martial of smaller numbers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cf36033613efa4ee5103885031fb3b0", "text": "Battle of Arakere The Battle of Arakere was a battle fought near the Mysorean capital city of Seringapatam on 15 May 1791 during the Third Anglo-Mysore War . An army led by Charles , Earl Cornwallis consisting of British East India Company and British Army forces , along with allied forces from the Nizam of Hyderabad , arrived near Seringapatam , and sought a crossing of the Kaveri River near the village of Arakere . Tipu Sultan , Mysore 's ruler , had established a defensive line there , and Cornwallis , in an attack begun early on 15 May , drove Tipu from his position . Tipu retreated into Seringapatam ; Cornwallis , whose army was running out of food , retreated to Bangalore after the battle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4598e8a6e459d06b2ea189171d5d5e7e", "text": "Early modern Europe Early modern Europe is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution , roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century . Historians variously mark the beginning of the early modern period with the invention of moveable type printing in the 1450s , the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 , the end of the Wars of the Roses in 1487 , the beginning of the High Renaissance in Italy in the 1490s , the end of the Reconquista and subsequent voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492 , or the start of the Protestant Reformation in 1517 . The precise dates of its end point also vary and are usually linked with either the start of the French Revolution in 1789 or with the more vaguely defined beginning of the Industrial Revolution in late 18th century Britain . Some of the more notable trends and events of the early modern period included the Reformation and the religious conflicts it provoked ( including the French Wars of Religion and the Thirty Years ' War ) , the rise of capitalism and modern nation states , and European colonization of the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01bdea1a2767afc4428bb3ea9b8cadc1", "text": "Bangalore torpedo A Bangalore torpedo is an explosive charge placed within one or several connected tubes . It is used by combat engineers to clear obstacles that would otherwise require them to approach directly , possibly under fire . It is sometimes colloquially referred to as a `` Bangalore mine '' , `` banger '' or simply `` Bangalore '' . Per United States Army Field Manual 5-250 section 1-14 , page 1-12 `` b. Use . The primary use of the torpedo is clearing paths through wire obstacles and heavy undergrowth . It will clear a 3 - to 4-metre wide path through wire obstacles . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bea76ac0f947f9b24a908294729d3be5", "text": "Battle of Hyderabad The Battle of Hyderabad , also called The Battle of Dubba ( or The Battle of Dubbo in contemporary references ) was fought on 24 March 1843 between the forces of British East India company and the Talpur Emirs of Sindh near Hyderabad , Sindh , Pakistan . A small British force , led by Captain James Outram , were attacked by the Talpur Balochis and forced to make a fort of the British residence , which they successfully defended until they finally escaped to a waiting river steamer . After the British victory at Meeanee ( also spelt Miani ) , Charles Napier continued his advance to the Indus River and attacked the Sindh capital of Hyderabad . Hyderabad was defended by 20,000 troops under the command of Mir Sher Muhammad Talpur and Hosh Mohammad . Charles Napier with a force of only 6,000 men but with artillery support stormed the city . During the battle Hosh Mohammad was killed and his forces routed ; Baluchistani resistance collapsed and Sindh came under British rule .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b0ab0df3a0432ceee03ccb0b428ca8f", "text": "Kadugodi Kadugodi ( ಕ ಡ ಗ ಡ -LSB- Kāḍugōḍi -RSB- ) , known as Kadugudi was founded by the great Cholas Dynasty . It is located in Whitefield , Bangalore in the state of Karnataka . Kadugodi comes from `` kadu '' & `` Gudi '' meaning `` temple in a forest '' in Kannada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "282446158f3e0bd1bbb87cf69c46951b", "text": "Mysore–Bangalore line Mysore -- Bangalore line is a railway line from to .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a90775233b7d01d62b08f67918d77561", "text": "Barrackpore mutiny of 1824 The Barrackpore mutiny was a rising of native Indian sepoys against their British officers in Barrackpore in November 1824 . The incident occurred when the British East India Company was fighting the First Anglo-Burmese War ( 1824 -- 26 ) under the leadership of the governor-general of India William Amherst , 1st Earl Amherst . The mutiny had its roots in British insensitivity towards Indian cultural sentiments , combined with negligence and poor supply arrangements , which caused growing resentment amongst the sepoys of several regiments of the Bengal Native Infantry after a long march from Mathura to Barrackpore . The lack of transport for personal effects and cultural concerns about being transported by sea caused apprehension and when troops from the 47th Native Infantry appeared on parade , the troops refused to march towards Chittagong , unless their grievances were remedied . Attempts to resolve the dispute failed and dissent spread to elements of the 26th and 62nd Regiments . The Commander-in-Chief , India , General Sir Edward Paget , ordered the troops to lay down their arms before considering their requests for redress . When the sepoys refused , their camp was surrounded by loyal soldiers from the 26th and 62nd Regiments and two British regiments . After a final ultimatum , the camp was attacked with artillery and infantry and around 180 sepoys were killed , as were a number of civilian bystanders . In the aftermath , a number of mutineers were hanged and others sentenced to long periods of penal servitude . The 47th Regiment was disbanded and its Indian officers dismissed , while its European officers were transferred to other regiments . The incident was largely suppressed in the media , with only limited information being released to the public but public outrage over the incident resulted in widespread condemnation of the British colonial government . Ordinary British people were especially furious with the government for its heavy-handedness in dealing with the sepoys ' grievances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "747b9b8e10ff7d1488a84e79c052c9cd", "text": "Colonial Assam Colonial Assam ( 1826 -- 1947 ) refers to the period of History of Assam between the signing of the Treaty of Yandabo and Independence of India when Assam was under the British colonial rule . The political institutions and social relations that were established or severed during this period continue to have a direct effect on contemporary events . The legislature and political alignments that evolved by the end of the British rule continued in the post Independence period . The immigration of farmers from East Bengal and tea plantation workers from Central India continue to affect contemporary politics , most notably that which led to the Assam Movement and its aftermath .", "title": "" } ]	fever
435fe9ad1aa7fe29ea8adee3f157047d	Johnny Mnemonic is a TV series.	[ { "docid": "db376e0544943ebe3352b2e681fc5bef", "text": "Johnny Mnemonic (film) Johnny Mnemonic is a 1995 Canadian-American cyberpunk action thriller film directed by Robert Longo in his directorial debut . The film stars Keanu Reeves and Dolph Lundgren . The film is based on the story of the same name by William Gibson . Keanu Reeves plays the title character , a man with a cybernetic brain implant designed to store information . The film portrays Gibson 's dystopian view of the future with the world dominated by megacorporations and with strong East Asian influences . This was Dolph Lundgren 's last theatrically released film until 2010 's The Expendables . The film was shot on location in Canada , with Toronto and Montreal filling in for the film 's Newark and Beijing settings . A number of local sites , including Toronto 's Union Station and Montreal 's skyline and Jacques Cartier Bridge , feature prominently . The film premiered in Japan on April 15 , 1995 , in a longer version ( 103 mins ) that is closer to the director 's cut , featuring a score by Mychael Danna and different editing . The film was released in the United States on May 26 , 1995 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "78bdd69df311d04476309af01e1f341c", "text": "Johnny Test (season 2) Johnny Test is a Canadian/American animated television series . It premiered on Kids ' WB , on The WB Television Network , on September 17 , 2005 . The series currently airs in the United States on Cartoon Network , as of January 7 , 2008 , and in Canada on Teletoon , as of October 28 , 2006 . The show was produced by Cookie Jar Entertainment for its third and later seasons . The series is rated TV-Y7 for the first four seasons , and TV-Y7-FV for the fifth . Johnny Test started its second season on October 28 , 2006 with `` Hoist the Johnny Roger '' and `` Johnny 's Turbo Toy Force '' and ended on May 12 , 2007 with episodes `` The Good , the Bad & the Johnny '' and `` Rock-A-Bye Johnny '' . This season , along with its first season , was released on DVD in a bundle on February 15 , 2011 in Region 1 . This season marks the first appearance for Ashleigh Ball as the new voice of Mary Test , Sissy Blakely , and Missy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85fad671e7ea13315226ec012385416c", "text": "Soul Man (TV series) Soul Man is an American sitcom starring Dan Aykroyd that aired on ABC from April 15 , 1997 to May 26 , 1998 . A total of 25 half-hour episodes were produced over two seasons . The series premiered on April 15 , 1997 , and was picked up for a second season of 22 half-hour episodes after only three episodes aired for the first season . Despite ranking 29th in its 2nd and final season , it ended on May 26 , 1998 , with 25 half-hour episodes produced in total . A four-year-old Spencer Breslin made his TV debut and was a series regular for the three-episode-long 1997 first season , in which he played the youngest child of Aykroyd . The theme song was `` Soul Man '' written by Isaac Hayes and David Porter . Aykroyd was closely associated with the song , having released a hit single of it in 1979 with his band The Blues Brothers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11da7b6ecfe4d6361144611dea632226", "text": "Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series . The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense . Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 . In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c032d18e15e202757b2622aefc91ed3", "text": "Nerd Nation Nerd Nation ( broadcast January 19 , 2004 - March 22 , 2004 ) is an American TV show on TechTV that focused on the life of nerds and other geeks . The series lasted 10 episodes . Re-runs also ran on G4 in late 2005 . The theme song , I 'm a Nerd performed by Johnny Sizzle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a1222d6170e5fc826d449ea82068713", "text": "Ultracity 6060 UltraCity 6060 was a six-part animated short series which was shown as part of MTV 's teen/adult-themed cartoon variety show Cartoon Sushi . Writers included Matt Harrigan , Mike DeSeve , Dave Hughes , Ben Gruber and Daria 's head writer Anne Bernstein . It consisted of anime scenes that were dubbed with humorously incorrect dialogue for comedic reasons . Most of the anime used in this cult classic was taken from the OAV series Genocyber which is released by U.S. Manga Corps . Another U.S. Manga Corps title was used for another UltraCity episode starred Iria in a parody of her own anime Iria : Zeiram the Animation . For the episode `` Planet Jackson '' , footage from ADV Films ' Mighty Space Miners was lampooned . The young boy in the film was made to be Michael Jackson and the rest of the cast as the Jackson family , Quincy Jones , Donny Osmond , Andrew Jackson and other people looking for handouts . The only non-anime cartoon used in UltraCity was from Cartoon Network 's `` Cartoons That Never Made It '' produced by AmPnyc in early-1997 under the supervision of Amperio Lux . One of them was Fast Driver , an obvious Speed Racer parody poking fun at everything . Other shorts featured two news reporters bemoaning the mainstream use of profanity in society ( the irony of course was that they swore very frequently ) , as well as a man named Hirogani , who was having problems trying to stop his severe flatulence around people ( taken from Genocyber ) . Another short was when they announced that their `` animation budget has been completely exhausted by excessive robot battles '' , which made them ban all lip-synching to save money ( a remake of a scene from the first Mobile Police Patlabor movie ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f30c794ff4a90c77efbd4c45f9bae09", "text": "You Gotta Quintet Quintet is a TV program which was aired by NHK Educational in Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02709a4d5681a86db0ad4bf2cb6d1b56", "text": "Next! (TV series) Next ! is an American sketch comedy series featuring former Saturday Night Live writer/actor Bob Odenkirk . It was originally produced by 20th Century Fox Television in 2001 . Two pilot episodes and a few extra sketches were filmed but the show was cancelled before airing . FOX ultimately chose to produce Cedric the Entertainer Presents instead of Next ! . The show features a number of notable alternative comedians as both cast members and writers including Zach Galifianakis , Fred Armisen , Patton Oswalt , Jay Johnston , and Jerry Minor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c29cc04a2729bf60b2f03a251f338011", "text": "Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt . The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d21f09249dc8162b22855ae2773d7b17", "text": "The Young Ones (TV series) The Young Ones is a British sitcom , broadcast in the United Kingdom from 1982 to 1984 in two six-part series . Shown on BBC2 , it featured anarchic , offbeat humour which helped bring alternative comedy to television in the 1980s and made household names of its writers and performers . In 1985 , it was shown on MTV , one of the first non-music television shows on the fledgling channel . In a 2004 poll , it ranked at number 31 in the BBC 's list of Britain 's Best Sitcoms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc7d31bc171bc3180a0f69cc29e818c3", "text": "MNP Entreprise Founded in 2000 by Mathieu Kassovitz , MNP is a French film production company headed by Mathieu Kassovitz and Guillaume Colboc . Kassovitz established the company in 2000 `` to develop and produce feature films by Kassovitz and to represent him as a director and actor . '' . MNP is named after Mir Space Station , whose writing in Cyrillic letters look like the letters MNP . The company closed in 2010 . MNP Entreprise was responsible for the productions of a number of films including : Avida ( 2006 ) in which Kassovits acts Babylon A.D. which Kassovitz directed . Johnny Mad Dog co-produced by MNP and directed by Jean-Stéphane Sauvaire . It is based on a novel by the same name by the Congolese writer Emmanuel Dongala . The premiere of the film was made at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival where it was screened within the Un Certain Regard section .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67b072a49ecde742c53920a89bf3436c", "text": "Johnny Test (video game) Johnny Test : The Video Game ' is a video game that was released on March 29 , 2011 , in North America for the Nintendo DS console , based on the TV series Johnny Test . It is the first and only Johnny Test video game to be released on a dedicated video game console .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6a52afd0d9646e4210135ed0653f8fd", "text": "The Backyardigans The Backyardigans is a Canadian -- American CGI-animated musical TV series created by Janice Burgess . It is a co-production of animation studio Nelvana and Nickelodeon Animation Studios . The series debuted on May 7 , 2004 and ended on May 31 , 2010 ; reruns of The Backyardigans continued to air on the Nickelodeon family of channels in the United States until 2015 . The show airs on Treehouse TV in Canada . In 2015 , the first season was included as part of Nickelodeon 's Noggin app , a mobile application featuring episodes of older Nick Jr. programs . The series was based upon a live-action pilot produced in 1998 titled Me and My Friends .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca7a94816743e41c5483f357c134591f", "text": "Strip Search (TV series) Strip Search is a reality television series , first broadcast in 2001 . The series follows the search for a new troupe of male strippers from audition to the final live show . First broadcast in New Zealand in 2001 , versions have been made in Australia , the United Kingdom , Germany , Canada and the United States . The format is virtually identical in each series : men are invited to audition for the show , and during a number of tasks , including a boot camp , the numbers are whittled down until the final troupe perform for a live audience . The original New Zealand troupe was called `` Kiwi Fire '' . In the same vein , the Australian troupe was called `` Aussie Storm '' , the UK troupe was named `` UK Storm '' , the Canadian group was dubbed `` Canadian Thunder '' and the American troupe was named `` American Storm '' . The series was masterminded by Billy Cross , an Australian entrepreneur who had success on the Las Vegas Strip with an Australian troupe entitled `` Manpower '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e3a53980fead44c858e7efd2fc42376", "text": "List of The Backyardigans episodes The Backyardigans is a Canadian -- American CGI-animated musical TV series created by Janice Burgess . It is a co-production of animation studio Nelvana and Nickelodeon Animation Studios . The series debuted on October 11 , 2004 and ended on May 31 , 2010 . Reruns currently air on the Nick Jr. channel in the United States . The show airs on Treehouse TV in Canada . In 2015 , the first season was included as part of Nickelodeon 's Noggin app , a mobile application featuring episodes of older Nick Jr. programs . The series was based upon a live-action pilot produced in 1998 titled Me and My Friends . The episodes are listed below as ordered in the complete series collection on iTunes and not in their original broadcast order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1867a1929460935467c4748c38161c41", "text": "Miracles Take Longer Miracles Take Longer was a United Kingdom drama series broadcast on ITV from January 1984 to May 1984 made by Thames Television . The drama depicted the life and cases dealt with by a branch of the Citizens Advice Bureau . The programme was networked at 15.30 on Mondays and Tuesdays excluding Bank Holidays and the March Budget . TVS and Central aired it on different days . Only one series was made and was replaced by the UK soap Gems and different Australian serials around the country . Miracles Take Longer was devised by John Kershaw . The series scriptwriters included : Robert Holmes and Johnny Byrne .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07bdb71d7189e31275f542d805d4a490", "text": "Johnny Bergh Johnny Odd Bergh ( May 6 , 1934 - December 23 , 2014 ) was a Norwegian producer , scriptwriter and director . He was a key player in the development of Norwegian television , and one of the most influential people in Norwegian entertainment until the mid 90s . Bergh started his career as a jazz musician and comedy actor in Bergen , and studied acting at The Norwegian National Academy of Theatre . In 1958 he was recruited to The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation - two years before regular television broadcasts started in Norway - as employee number 12 . After just a few years he became a prominent director and producer . As one of the first tv workers in Norway , Bergh worked for the first years with everything from The Nobel Peace Price and the news to theatre and large studio shows . It was however entertainment that would become his speciality . During his career he produced several thousand tv programs . The shows went on to become benchmark productions for Norwegian entertainment , and many want on for many seasons , some still being in production . Programs include : Lørdagskveld med Erik Bye ( talkshow ) , Kontrapunkt ( quiz show ) , Momarkedet ( live variety show ) , Kvitt eller dobbelt ( Norwegian version of The $ 64,000 Question ) , Ta sjansen ( annual event ) , Dette er ditt liv ( Norwegian version of This is Your Life ) , Nyttårsshow ( variety show ) , OL-show ( olympic variety show ) , Spellemannprisen ( Norwegian music awards ) og Melodi Grand Prix ( Eurovision Song Contest ) . He was the responsible national producer for the Nordic collaborative Nordivision-broadcasts in the early days of Norwegian television . Bergh also directed concerts with international artists such as Ella Fitzgerald , Duke Ellington , Bill Evans , Jim Reeves and Otis Redding . From 1986 til 1990 Bergh was the editorial director at the NRK 's entertainment department . Bergh had a close professional and personal relationship with tv hosts like Erik Bye , Knut Bjørnsen , Erik Diesen og Harald Tusberg - and produced and developed several shows with all of them . He gave Norwegian entertainment personalities like Harald Heide-Steen jr. , Roald Øyen og Stein Roger Bull their first jobs in television - and launched Dan Børge Akerø as an entertainment name . He also got to work with international artists like Julie Andrews , Bing Crosby , Johnny Weissmuller , Josephine Baker , Ken Curtis , Danny Kaye , The Delta Rhythm Boys , Marty Feldman , Donna Summer , Tina Turner , ABBA and Cliff Richards . Bergh won six times in Rose D'Or in Montreux with different comedy shows . Among these prize winning productions are To Norway - Home of Giants , starring John Cleese , which won two awards . Productions by Johnny Bergh got over 30 % of the places when the Norwegian paper Dagbladet awarded the best Norwegian tv entertainment ever in 2010 . Bergh has had a strong influence as a role model , mentor and creator of TV as a visual medium . He was the first in Norway who could tell a story with living images on TV . Through his work he created a school for producing that made the foundation of the professional level of production in Norway today . Bergh was married to the TV producer Bitte Monn-Iversen , daughter of composer and producer Egil Monn-Iversen and singer , comedian and actor Sølvi Wang , and died on December 23 , 2014 at the age of 80 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26b859d4706b58417dc115d2e4afc627", "text": "List of local children's television series (United States) The following is a list of local children 's television shows in the United States . These were locally produced commercial television programming intended for the child audience with unique hosts and themes . This type of programming began in the late 1940s and continued into the late 1970s ; some shows continued into the 1990s . Author Tim Hollis documented about 1,400 local children 's shows in a 2002 book , Hi There , Boys and Girls ! The television programs typically aired in the weekday mornings before school or afternoons after school as well as on weekends ( to a lesser degree ) . There were different formats . Almost all shows had a colorful host who assumed a persona such as a cowboy/cowgirl , captain/skipper/commodore / admiral , jungle explorer , astronaut , king , princess , clown , sheriff/deputy/trooper , cop , firefighter , hobo/tramp , railroad engineer , magician , `` cousin '' , `` grandfather '' or `` uncle '' , whose role was not only to be the `` DJ '' for syndicated material ( typically cartoons , although westerns were more popular earlier on ) but also to entertain , often with a live television studio audience of kids , during breaks . Early program fare included cartoon favorites such as Koko the Clown , Daffy Duck , Crusader Rabbit , Dick Tracy , Popeye , Bugs Bunny , Rocky and Bullwinkle , Casper the Friendly Ghost , Mighty Mouse , Porky Pig , Deputy Dawg , Tin Tin , Mel-O-Toons , Woody Woodpecker , The Funny Company , Mr. Magoo , Space Angel and Clutch Cargo as well as movie shorts such as Laurel and Hardy , Our Gang/The Little Rascals and The Three Stooges and animated versions of Laurel and Hardy , Abbott and Costello and The Three Stooges and live action shorts such as Diver Dan . Some included educational segments like the portraits of wildlife in Nature 's Window .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c202168ad9323c2c63e04b7d752aeb78", "text": "Korenande Shoukai Korenande Shoukai ( これなんで商会 , literally `` What-Is-This Company '' ) is a Japanese children 's musical puppet variety show that airs on NHK Educational TV . The setting is the general store `` Korenande Shoukai '' . Each episode has a variety of sketches , songs , animation , and dialogue . The main characters include Jay , Kiwi , Bulbul , and Madanai . It debuted on April 4 , 2016 . The show airs Monday through Friday from 7:35 a.m. to 7:45 a.m. , and again on Tuesdays from 5:35 p.m. to 5:45 p.m. . It currently airs on TV Japan on Mondays through Fridays from 8:50 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. where it is known as `` Chatty Jay 's Sundry Shop '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0560f36d4149ed8cfa830580d37ab12", "text": "Jay Jay the Jet Plane Jay Jay the Jet Plane '' is an American children 's television series based at the fictional Tarrytown Airport . It has 73 episodes . The series is centered on a group of aircraft who live in the fictional city of Tarrytown . The episodes are commonly distributed in 25-minute-long ( as without commercials ) pairs , with one header sequence and one end credits for each pair . Each episode contains one or more songs . The theme song and the majority of the other songs were written by well-known children 's singer/songwriter Stephen Michael Schwartz and sung by his popular musical group , Parachute Express . Created by David and Deborah Michel , the series is intended to be educational and to teach life and moral lessons to children ( and sometimes also to parents ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fea3ade225e0bc2466e750e324935af7", "text": "Johnny Brown (actor) John `` Johnny '' Brown ( born June 11 , 1937 ) is an American actor and singer . Brown is a nightclub and stage performer as well as a comic actor , and a regular cast member of the television series Laugh-in . Brown is mostly remembered for his chubby physique , wide ingratiating smile , mobile facial expressions , and easy pleasant joking style . Brown is most famous , however , for his role as building superintendent Nathan Bookman on the 1970s CBS sitcom , Good Times . Bookman was often the brunt of fat jokes via the show 's main character J. J. Evans ( Jimmie Walker ) . Brown portrayed Bookman until the series was cancelled in 1979 . Other television shows Brown has appeared on include Flip Wilson Show , The Jeffersons , Family Matters , The Jamie Foxx Show and Martin . Brown also used to go to school with Walter Dean Myers when he lived in Harlem as a boy . Brown is also the father of actress Sharon Brown , who was born in 1962 , and also the father of John Brown Jr. or J.J Brown Jr. . Brown had earlier established himself in the Broadway musical Golden Boy , starring Sammy Davis , Jr. ; his supporting role was in the part of Ronnie and was featured as the lead voice on the show stopping rouser , `` Do n't Forget 127th Street '' . In the early 1970s , Brown starred in a television commercial for the Write Brothers pen , a short-lived product of the Papermate pen company . The commercial consisted of an elaborate musical number , `` Write On , Brothers , Write On '' , led by Brown as a schoolteacher who encourages his chorus line of students to use this pen for their school assignments . In 1997 , Brown contributed his voice to the introduction of the compilation album Comedy Stew : The Best of Redd Foxx . In the introduction , Brown tells of how Norman Lear had considered Brown to play the role of Lamont in Sanford And Son , but was unavailable to do so because of his prior commitment to Laugh-In , leading Lear to give the role to Demond Wilson instead .", "title": "" } ]	fever
2138a6d1fe4b161d23cd6df6adae07c5	Red Hot Chili Peppers have nothing to do with Los Angeles.	[ { "docid": "6d26deaa9818e5d701c375ab34b2ff8d", "text": "Red Hot Chili Peppers Red Hot Chili Peppers , also sometimes shortened to The Chili Peppers or abbreviated as RHCP , are an American alternative rock/funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983 . The group 's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk , as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock . When played live , their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of much of their performances . Currently , the band consists of founding members vocalist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea , longtime drummer Chad Smith , and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer . Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide , have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards , of which they have won six , and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history , currently holding the records for most number-one singles ( 13 ) , most cumulative weeks at number one ( 85 ) and most top-ten songs ( 25 ) on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart . In 2012 , they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . The band 's original line-up , originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem , featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons , alongside Kiedis and Flea . Because of commitments to other bands , Slovak and Irons did not play on the band 's self-titled debut album ( 1984 ) . Slovak performed on the second and third albums , Freaky Styley ( 1985 ) and The Uplift Mofo Party Plan ( 1987 ) , but he died from a heroin overdose in 1988 . As a result of his friend 's death , Irons chose to leave the group . After short-lived replacements at guitar and drums , John Frusciante and Chad Smith joined in 1988 . The line-up of Flea , Kiedis , Frusciante , and Smith was the longest-lasting and recorded five studio albums beginning with Mother 's Milk ( 1989 ) . In 1990 , the group signed with Warner Bros. . Records and recorded the album Blood Sugar Sex Magik ( 1991 ) under producer Rick Rubin . This album became the band 's first commercial success , but Frusciante grew uncomfortable with it and left abruptly in 1992 in the middle of the Blood Sugar Sex Magik Tour . After two temporary guitarists , Dave Navarro joined the group in 1993 and played on their subsequent album , One Hot Minute ( 1995 ) . Although commercially successful , the album failed to match the critical or popular acclaim of Blood Sugar Sex Magik , selling less than half as much as its predecessor . Navarro was fired from the band in 1998 . Frusciante , fresh out of drug rehabilitation , rejoined the band that same year at Flea 's request . The reunited quartet returned to the studio to record Californication ( 1999 ) , which became the band 's biggest commercial success with 16 million copies worldwide . That album was followed three years later by By the Way ( 2002 ) , and then four years later by the double album Stadium Arcadium ( 2006 ) , their first number-one album in America . After a world tour , the group went on an extended hiatus . Frusciante announced he was amicably leaving the band in 2009 to focus on his solo career . Klinghoffer , who had worked both as a sideman for the band on their Stadium Arcadium tour and on Frusciante 's solo projects , replaced him . The band 's tenth studio album , I 'm with You , was released in 2011 and topped the charts in 18 different countries . The band released their eleventh studio album , The Getaway , in 2016 . The album was produced by Danger Mouse , marking the first time since 1989 's Mother 's Milk that the Red Hot Chili Peppers had not worked with Rubin , and topped the charts in ten different countries .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "96d4b4a40d798a26fa2b14b24424fe4b", "text": "Raji's Raji 's was a rock and roll nightclub in central Hollywood , open in the 1980s and early 1990s . It was located in the Hastings Hotel building , 6162 Hollywood Blvd. . The space had previously been occupied by a Greek restaurant called The King 's Palace . It was one of the great sweaty , smoke-filled ` dives ' of rock . It featured performances by iconic bands such as Green Day , Guns N ' Roses , Redd Kross , Hole , Jane 's Addiction , Arab and The Suburban Turbans , The Untold Fables , Dream Syndicate , The Lonesome Strangers , Snake Farm , The Billy Bremner Band , The Little Kings , The Shades , Tex & the Horseheads , Lock-Up , Mary 's Danish , The Miracle Workers , Social Distortion , The Electric Ferrets , the Mentors , GG Allin , The Nymphs , and Los Lobos , as well as out-of-town acts like Nirvana ( as seen on the cover of Nirvana 's 7 '' single , `` Sliver '' ) , Pink Fairies , Pussy Galore , Mod Fun and Kyuss . Top-draw local acts like Thelonious Monster , The Muffs , the Red Aunts , The Lazy Cowgirls , Beck , Trash Can School , Pigmy Love Circus , Oiler , Kryptonite Nixon , Butt Trumpet , Kill Buddha , the Sacred Hearts , the Creamers , The Humpers , and many other underground music bands found enthusiastic crowds as well . The club was also a hot spot for musicians , who would often come to watch bands and have drinks . Notable customers included Jonathan Richman , members of R.E.M. , Top Jimmy , Gil T , and Carlos Guitarlos ( of Top Jimmy & The Rhythm Pigs ) , Billy Bremner of Rockpile , Nino Del Pesco ( The Lonesome Strangers ) , Viki Peterson ( of The Bangles ) , Texacala Jones or Mike Martt ( of Tex & the Horseheads ) , Bernie Bernstein ( The Little Kings ) , Flea ( of Red Hot Chili Peppers ) , Pope , Beck , Mike Savage ( of Pigmy Love Circus ) , Texas Terri , and more with an inside few often invited to stay after hours to party with the infamous Danny `` Dobbs '' Wilson , founder and booker of the club , and his regular cast of characters which included Bernie the doorman , Autumn the bartender , floor security Clint , Tony T , Dirty Ed , The Pope and sound man Brian `` Up-stein '' Green . One could see the likes of Dwarves , Spoon , Fishbone , My Other Side , Meat Puppets , Backbiter , Suplex Slam , The Red Devils/Blue Shadows , DC-3 , Rage Against the Machine , Dumpster , Dead , White , and Blue , White Zombie , Haunted Garage , Pennywise , Green Day , The Reverend Horton Heat , Top Jimmy , X , The Muffs , Wetherbell , Texorcist , Circle One , The Gears , The D.I. 's , Adolescents , Dogstar , The Uninvited , The Superkools , Claw Hammer , Two Free Stooges , The Flesh Eaters , Continental Drifters , Kyuss , Buglamp , Cake , Two Bass Hit , The Marigolds , The Jack Brewer Band , The Melodiacs , and The Skulls , among countless others . The venue sustained a lightning bolt gash near the bar due to the Northridge earthquake . The club continued to operate for three months after it was red tagged . A fire marshall shut the venue down for good and Larry Mann moved his operations to Hell 's Gate in the then , dangerous Yucca corridor . The building was demolished is now a parking lot for the MTA . The Ski Room , a bar located at 5851 Sunset Blvd. , a few blocks away from the club 's former location , was renamed Raji 's and run by the same family that ran the club in its last two years , until 2004 , when it closed due to the gentrification of central Hollywood . It 's now called The Bar . Danny `` Dobbs '' Wilson died in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7e3f50fbd4399d43270b194a33d3888", "text": "Hollywood Sign The Hollywood Sign ( formerly the Hollywoodland Sign ) is a landmark and American cultural icon located in Los Angeles , California . It is situated on Mount Lee , in the Hollywood Hills area of the Santa Monica Mountains . The sign overlooks Hollywood , Los Angeles . `` HOLLYWOOD '' is spelled out in 45 ft-tall white capital letters and is 350 feet ( 106.7 m ) long . It was originally created in 1923 as an advertisement for a local real estate development , but it garnered increasing recognition after the sign was left up . The sign was a frequent target of pranks and vandalism , but it has since undergone restoration , including the installation of a security system to deter vandalism . The sign is protected and promoted by The Trust For Public Land , a nonprofit organization , while its site and the surrounding land are part of Griffith Park . From the ground , the contours of the hills give the sign a wavy appearance . When observed at a comparable altitude , the letters appear nearly level . The sign makes frequent appearances in popular culture , particularly in establishing shots for films and television programs set in or around Hollywood . Signs of similar style , but spelling different words , are frequently seen as parodies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d436e0925e21d63c1fee114c731915ee", "text": "City of Los Angeles (train) The City of Los Angeles was a streamlined passenger train between Chicago , Illinois , and Los Angeles , California via Omaha , Nebraska , and Ogden , Utah . Between Omaha and Los Angeles it ran on the Union Pacific Railroad ; east of Omaha it ran on the Chicago and North Western Railway until October 1955 and on the Milwaukee Road thereafter . The train had number 103 westbound and number 104 eastbound . This train was the top-of-the-line for UP , which marketed it as a competitor to the Super Chief , a streamlined passenger train on the Atchison , Topeka and Santa Fe Railway , and the Golden State , a streamlined passenger train jointly operated by the Rock Island and Southern Pacific railroads . Many of the train 's cars bore the names of locales in and around its namesake city . CNW / UP used one of two three-unit sets of EMC E2 locomotives as motive power beginning in 1937 . The UP scored a public relations coup in the mid-1950s when the City of Los Angeles was featured in two episodes of the popular television series I Love Lucy . In 1955 the Milwaukee Road assumed the service , replacing the Chicago and North Western between Chicago and Omaha . Actor Ronald Reagan often traveled on this train and even did a full page print ad for it that appeared in the National Geographic magazine . In a cost-cutting move , the City of Los Angeles was combined with the City of San Francisco in 1960 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8c03c3767dfc44bf63d1da99e536261", "text": "Live Rare Remix Box Live Rare Remix Box is a compilation box set released by the Red Hot Chili Peppers in 1994 . It contains three CDs , which are named individually Live , Rare and Remix . The live , rare , and remix tracks in question are essentially the collected B-sides from all five singles taken from the band 's hugely successful 1991 album , Blood Sugar Sex Magik .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17536e956dfad0962428aa21ee913a56", "text": "Los Angeles (The Brilliant Green album) Los Angeles is the third album by Japanese rock band The Brilliant Green , released in 2001 . This album represented a shift in the band 's sound , from the 1960s-influenced jangle pop to a darker , heavier early 90 's shoegaze sound . When The Brilliant Green was featured on Time Magazine 's `` Ten Best Bands On Planet Earth '' article , it was Los Angeles that was listed as their key album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a3f2003c1ca99aaa0277609765a464b", "text": "Los Angeles High School Los Angeles High School is the oldest public high school in the Southern California Region and in the Los Angeles Unified School District . Its colors are royal blue and white and the teams are called the Romans . Los Angeles High School is a public secondary high school , enrolling an estimated 2,000 students in grades 9-12 . After operating on a year-round basis consisting of three tracks for ten years , it was restored to a traditional calendar in 2010 . Los Angeles High School receives accreditation approval from the Western Association of Schools and Colleges ( WASC ) . Concurrent enrollment programs , provided in large by the Los Angeles Unified School District and the Los Angeles Community College District , are offered with West Los Angeles College , Los Angeles Trade Technical College , Los Angeles City College , or Santa Monica College . Los Angeles High School is a large , urban , inner-city school located in the Mid-Wilshire District of Los Angeles . The attendance boundary consists of a contrasting spectrum of economic diversity ranging from affluent Hancock Park and Lafayette Square to the low-income , densely populated immigrant community of Koreatown . Within the school is a College Incentive Magnet Program . Forty-four percent of the student population is identified as LEP , or Limited English Proficient . Currently , 66 % of the students are identified as eligible to receive supplemental instructional services and materials through the Federal Title I Program . The magnet high school has a university preparatory secondary high school program and a `` school within a school . '' First established as a part of student integration services in the 1970s , the Los Angeles High School Math/Science/Technology magnet prepares students with an intensive , rigorous course load in order to better prepare them for university entrance . There are 317 students enrolled in the magnet program , grades 9-12 . Typically , the senior class has approximately 35 % of seniors entering into four-year universities and schools . The magnet senior class typically has 85 % of its senior class entering into four-year colleges and universities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a48ee22f4da720a998e35172c114b4c6", "text": "KCAL-FM KCAL-FM ( 96.7 FM , 96.7 KCAL Rocks ! ) is a commercial mainstream rock radio station licensed in Redlands , California , broadcasting to the Inland Empire ( Riverside-San Bernardino ) radio market . Its studios are in Redlands and the transmitter site is north of San Bernardino .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e428143e115278172494dbcf5a3002a", "text": "Bomb Zombies Bomb Zombies is an American alternative hip hop duo based in Los Angeles , California . It consists of producer Nobody and rapper Nocando , who are both residents of Low End Theory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9ca25a6aad6e2f145e6b76ecb783ea2", "text": "KJLH KJLH ( 102.3 FM ) is an Urban Adult Contemporary radio station serving the Los Angeles area . It plays R&B and classic soul music under the format , and occasionally plays some Hip-Hop , Gospel and Smooth Jazz tracks . Licensed to the Los Angeles suburb of Compton , California , the station is owned by Taxi Productions , which in turn is owned by Stevie Wonder . It operates with an effective radiated power of 5.6 kW from a transmitter site in a portion of unincorporated Los Angeles County in View Park-Windsor Hills , and operates from its studios in Downtown Inglewood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aed2cdf6f1158584ba0ac937c8ad43f1", "text": "Mötley Crüe Mötley Crüe was an American heavy metal band formed in Los Angeles , California on January 17 , 1981 . The group was founded by bass guitarist Nikki Sixx and drummer Tommy Lee , lead singer Vince Neil and lead guitarist Mick Mars . Mötley Crüe has sold more than 100 million records worldwide making them one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time . The members of the band have often been noted for their hedonistic lifestyles and the persona they maintained . Following its hard rock and heavy metal origins , with the third album Theatre of Pain ( 1985 ) the band joined the first wave of glam metal . Their final studio album , Saints of Los Angeles , was released on June 24 , 2008 . Their final show took place on New Year 's Eve , December 31 , 2015 , and was filmed for a theatrical and Blu-ray release in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1a70255b7f5eb57df1b4d98f6a85e69", "text": "Daily News – Antelope Valley The Daily News -- Antelope Valley was an edition of the Los Angeles Daily News , with offices in Palmdale , California . At one time the publication was the area 's second largest circulating daily newspaper . It was owned by the Los Angeles Newspaper Group , whose flagship publication is the Los Angeles Daily News . Like the L.A. Daily News , the paper is center-right in political orientation . The Antelope Valley 's other major newspaper , the Antelope Valley Press , is also center-right , making Palmdale unique among California 's major cities , whose dailies usually tilt left . The local edition was no longer in publication in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd789fef8fa3538bafa602a5f6e75f1d", "text": "The Baked Potato The Baked Potato is a prominent jazz club on Cahuenga Boulevard in Studio City , Los Angeles , California , opened by Don Randi in 1970 . Randi formed his own group , Don Randi and Quest , as the house band . Over the years it has hosted many live recordings from jazz fusion artists . Larry Carlton recorded Last Nite there in 1986 . In 2010 The Baked Potato was named the Best Jazz Club in Los Angeles by Los Angeles magazine . They have cited it as a `` mainstay for session players since 1975 '' . Nick Menza of Megadeth collapsed and died while playing here with his band Ohm on May 21 , 2016 . The club is mentioned in the 2016 musical film La La Land .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3076cd5ec1dcd16677fb267f3b39811", "text": "Christmas in Los Angeles `` Christmas in Los Angeles '' is the official Christmas song of the city of Los Angeles , California . It was written by the Sherman Brothers in 1980 on assignment from Lawrence Welk and was featured on his 1980 Christmas TV Special . The song was used for several years in the 1980s as a specialty number during The Rockettes Radio City Christmas Spectacular .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4a4b54fcdca649e93c4f5f6b8dfbd36", "text": "The Untouchables (Los Angeles band) The Untouchables are a soul/mod revival band from the Silver Lake , Los Angeles , California area . Described by original lead singer Kevin Long as `` mods who played ska music , '' The Untouchables are credited with being America 's first ska band . They formed in 1981 as part of the embryonic L.A. mod revival , after being inspired by the ska revival/punk rock band The Boxboys . Since some could n't play instruments , they either hastily learned , or became vocalists . The original lineup included : Kevin Long ( vocals ) , Chuck Askerneese ( vocals ) , Terry Ellsworth ( rhythm guitar ) , Clyde Grimes ( guitar ) , Rob Lampron ( drums ) , Herman Askerneese ( bass ) and Jerry Miller ( vocals , timbales ) . After a shaky start playing at parties , the integrated septet were eventually booked at the O.N. Klub ( known as the On to regulars ) . The band had guaranteed the club that they would pack the venue , and they did not disappoint . In middle of that year , they released their first ( ska-styled ) 7 '' single , copies of which were snapped up by local mods . Late in 1982 , the band began a stint as the house band at the Roxy Theatre . Terry Ellsworth left the band in the summer of 1983 , at the height of the California mod revival . Josh Harris was added on keyboards , Timothy Moynahan on trombone and Will Donato ( who became a successful smooth jazz artist ) started on sax . Their second single , `` The General , '' became a minor local hit , despite poor distribution . The band performed `` The General '' in the 1984 comedy The Party Animal , and they appeared as a scooter gang in the movie Repo Man . In early 1984 , they were signed to Stiff Records . Concerts with The B-52 's , Black Uhuru , Bow Wow Wow , Red Hot Chili Peppers , Fishbone , No Doubt and X all over California gave the group a disparate following of whites , blacks , mods , punks , surfers and rockabilly fans , with the local performances drawing up to 1,500 people . The band also appeared in the 1984 film Surf II , performing `` Dance Beat '' , and 1987 's No Man 's Land , performing `` What 's Gone Wrong '' . Vocalist Kevin Long ( who had named the band ) left in 1984 . Guitarist Clyde Grimes took on more vocal leads , and in 1984 the band recorded `` Free Yourself '' , which became very popular , especially in the United Kingdom where it was a # 26 hit in April 1985 . The band has gone through many lineup changes since then , and as of 2006 , only vocalist Jerry Miller remains from the original lineup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc8117cb18d56d18c7e7d9793ee1e860", "text": "Red Hot Organization Red Hot Organization ( RHO ) is a not-for-profit , 501 ( c ) 3 , international organization dedicated to fighting AIDS through pop culture . Since its inception in 1989 , over 400 artists , producers and directors have contributed to over 15 compilation albums , related television programs and media events to raise donations totaling more than 10 million dollars for HIV / AIDS relief and awareness around the world . The Red Hot Organization Collection was donated to Fales Library in New York City in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6eb4c4d139d2f80591007c0f0101732", "text": "Woodstock 1994 (Red Hot Chili Peppers album) Woodstock 1994 is a bootleg recording and a unofficial release of the Red Hot Chili Peppers , recorded on August 14 , 1994 at Woodstock ' 94 . The concert was released on CD and 2-LP Vinyl in 2016 . This concert was part of the band 's Tour de La Sensitive and was the second performance with guitarist Dave Navarro . The performance featured the live debut of the songs `` Aeroplane '' , `` Warped '' and `` Pea '' which would be featured on the band 's 1995 album , One Hot Minute although with slightly different lyrics than the live versions performed at Woodstock ' 94 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1081942f07dc7a83880e9937bd0da6a2", "text": "Red Hammer Records Red Hammer Records is an independent record label located in the Portland , Oregon metro area of Battle Ground , Washington . The label was founded in 2006 and is currently being distributed in the United States and digitally throughout the world by E1 Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75ad1777fc874f0aa4f1ff35b11c46a4", "text": "ITunes Originals – Red Hot Chili Peppers iTunes Originals -- Red Hot Chili Peppers is a virtual album by Red Hot Chili Peppers which was released only on the iTunes Store as part of the iTunes Originals series of digital albums . It features live versions of the band playing some of their more famous songs as well as featuring the band themselves talking about their careers . It comprises videos of their live performances for the iTunes Originals as well as interviews about their careers , featuring the members of the band and Rick Rubin . It is a video album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fceba37647a90c98847e1ab84e443559", "text": "Tour de La Sensitive Tour de La Sensitive was a short 1994 concert tour by the Red Hot Chili Peppers and their first with guitarist , Dave Navarro who joined the band in 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ab72c0bf0f26915c846a90858c011ed", "text": "San Bernardino County, California San Bernardino County , officially the County of San Bernardino , is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 2,035,210 , making it the fifth-most populous county in California , and the 12th-most populous in the United States . The county seat is San Bernardino . San Bernardino County is included in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , also known as the Inland Empire , as well as the Los Angeles-Long Beach , CA Combined Statistical Area . With an area of 20,105 square miles , San Bernardino County is the largest county in the United States by area , although some of Alaska 's boroughs and census areas are larger . It is larger than each of the nine smallest states , larger than the four smallest states combined , and larger than 70 different sovereign nations . Located in southeast California , the thinly populated deserts and mountains of this vast county stretch from where the bulk of the county population resides in two Census County Divisions , some 1,422,745 people as of the 2010 Census , covering the 450 square miles ( 1,166 km2 ) south of the San Bernardino Mountains in San Bernardino Valley , to the Nevada border and the Colorado River .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b4d3f8a795e3a4b2cfdccce4161b3848	Transformers coordinated releases with comic books, toys, and books.	[ { "docid": "75db9f71446f58c19d3b2ba4959d44f2", "text": "Transformers (film) Transformers is a 2007 American science fiction action film based on the toy line of the same name created by Hasbro . The film , which combines computer animation with live-action filming , was directed by Michael Bay , with Steven Spielberg serving as executive producer . It was produced by Don Murphy and Tom DeSanto , and is the first installment in the live-action Transformers film series . The film stars Shia LaBeouf as Sam Witwicky , a teenager who gets caught up in a war between the heroic Autobots and the villainous Decepticons , two factions of alien robots who can disguise themselves by transforming into everyday machinery , primarily vehicles . The Autobots intend to use the AllSpark , the object that created their robotic race , to rebuild their home planet Cybertron and end the war , while the Decepticons have the intention of using it to build an army by giving life to the machines of Earth . Tyrese Gibson , Josh Duhamel , Anthony Anderson , Megan Fox , Rachael Taylor , John Turturro , and Jon Voight also star , while voice actors Peter Cullen and Hugo Weaving voice Optimus Prime and Megatron respectively . Murphy and DeSanto developed the project in 2003 , and DeSanto wrote a treatment . Steven Spielberg came on board the following year , hiring Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman to write the screenplay . The U.S. Armed Forces and General Motors ( GM ) loaned vehicles and aircraft during filming , which saved money for the production and added realism to the battle scenes . Hasbro 's promotional campaign for the film included deals with various companies ; advertising included a viral marketing campaign , coordinated releases of prequel comic books , toys , and books , as well as product placement deals with companies such as GM , Burger King , and eBay . Transformers received mixed to positive reviews from critics and fans , and is the 87th highest-grossing film of all-time and was the fifth highest-grossing film of 2007 , grossing $ 709 million worldwide , with an estimated 46 million tickets sold in the US . The film won four awards from the Visual Effects Society and was nominated for three Academy Awards , for Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , and Best Visual Effects . LaBeouf 's performance was praised by Empire , and Cullen 's reprisal of Optimus Prime from the 1980s television series was well received by fans . It was soon followed by four sequels : Revenge of the Fallen ( 2009 ) , Dark of the Moon ( 2011 ) , and Age of Extinction ( 2014 ) , the later two of which grossed $ 1 billion . A fifth installment , titled The Last Knight , is scheduled for release on June 23 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1dd77e0592c01acb72a2ddf7450e9a07", "text": "Starriors Starriors was a robot toyline created by Tomy in association with Marvel Comics in 1984 . They were based on Zoids , but had a new storyline that U.S. Zoids had not had at all . Six Marvel mini-comics were distributed with the toys ( no 1 was titled Deadeye , no 2 was The Forest , no 3 was Honor , no 4 was The Trap , no 5 was The Wall , and no 6 was BOLAR ! ) . Marvel also produced a four-issue limited series written by Louise Simonson , with art by Michael Chen , Ian Akin , and Brian Garvey , and covers painted by Bill Sienkiewicz . In the future , solar flares threaten all life on Earth . Earth 's scientists build three Classes of intelligent machines , Protectors , to restore the Earth for human use , Destructors , to ward off any potential alien invasions , and Guardians to protect humanity after they go into a hibernative state underground . The brains of the Starriors , called control circuits , are crafted in the human image . The leader of the Destructors , Slaughter Steelgrave , becomes craven at the thought of deactivation upon the restoration of the humans , and enslaves the Protectors after what he believes to be a successful attempt to destroy all of the Guardians . Eventually , the human race and the Starriors ' mission is forgotten as a reality and regarded as a myth - none of the Starriors had been activated when the humans disappeared . Then the Protector Trashor , Nipper , discovers a human skull . A band of Protectors , eventually joined by a few dutiful Destructors , sets out to release the humans from their overly prolonged hibernation . The toys were not commercially successful . After the initial wave , it appears that there were only eight more toys produced , and only two additional minicomics , though most of the new toys came with the old ones . The Simonson series told a complete story in itself , and did not include the eight new characters . The principal figures , the humanoid Wastors , did not transform , nor did most of the other robots in the line , though many could be disassembled and reassembled , and had motorized parts . Also , there was a tendency toward making new characters out of the same molds as other characters , in different colors , which is more true of the first wave than of the second . Consumer Reports '' ' Penny Power '' , when it reported on robot toys , found them the least satisfying of all the lines covered , though it must be said that the narrative aspects of all the lines were ignored , and the magazine would extol the economic value of Gobots ( `` sturdy and cheap '' ) over Transformers in later issues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbab55378a8931c26613cb6b73b2505a", "text": "Fun Publications Fun Publications is a publishing company that runs the Transformers Collectors Club and G.I. Joe Collectors Club under license from Hasbro . Besides releasing comics , Fun Publications releases exclusive toys and runs conventions for their clubs . Fun Publications also publishes a serial comic distributed as part of the official Transformer 's Collector 's Club magazine . There are six pages to the comic in each magazine , which together `` make one complete story arc '' by the end of the year with 36 pages in six months . The full strips from the first two years were distributed by IDW as Transformers Cybertron : Balancing Act . In addition to releasing comic books and magazines Fun Publications Timelines series has also produced prose stories , licensed toys and video media . However , 2016 has been announced as the final year in which Fun Publications will hold BotCon and host the Collectors Club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29aa14bee0c8fbc436f762022f1fa8d9", "text": "Fantastic Four Adventures Fantastic Four Adventures is part of Marvel UK 's ` Collector 's Edition ' line . It is being published by Panini Comics but reprints Marvel Comics from the United States . It began in 2005 around the release of the Fantastic Four film and follows the format established by the Collector 's Edition Range . Fantastic Four Adventures is sold once every 28 days through newsagents , although a subscription offer is available . Fantastic Four Adventures retailed at # 2.40 upon its release , but rising in printing costs have seen the price rise to # 2.50 and then onto the current price of # 2.95 . It was announced at the end of 2011 that Fantastic Four Adventures would cease publication with its final issue in March 2012 , only to be replaced by a new CE , Incredible Hulks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46a0404247a4625830cf6f656931924a", "text": "Thor: The Mighty Avenger (toy line) Thor : The Mighty Avenger is a toy line manufactured by Hasbro based on the Marvel Comics film , Thor . It is composed mainly of 3.75 '' scale action figures . The line falls under Marvel 's `` Avengers Assemble '' marketing banner , which will also include the Iron Man : The Armored Avenger and Captain America : The First Avenger toy lines . This will be used as a lead up to 2012 's The Avengers motion picture . Unlike previous 3.75 '' action figure lines based on movies , Hasbro is not doing a comic series with this line . All of the figures will be based on the movie . This official street date for the line is March 1 , though some stores have started selling the toys in early February .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c4fd258513b86b07e6ddbc317b3d04", "text": "Beast Wars II: Super Life-Form Transformers is a 1998 Japanese Transformers anime series , spawning a movie and a toyline . It was broadcast on TV Tokyo from April 1998 to January 1999 , and was the first Transformers anime to be produced by Nihon Ad Systems and animated by the studio Ashi Productions . While its position in the Transformers continuity has previously been unknown , the IDW Publishing comic book mini-series Beast Wars : The Gathering and comments from Transformers writer Simon Furman have shown it is part of the Beast Wars continuity . The series was preceded by Beast Wars , and was followed by Super Life-Form Transformers : Beast Wars Neo . Voices are done by Hozumi Gōda and each episode runs for 30 minutes . This anime was succeeded by Beast Wars Neo . The series has a much lighter tone and is aimed more towards children , whereas the more accessible Beast Wars was intended for a wider age range . The series also uses conventional animation rather than CGI . With the exceptions of the faction leaders , all of the characters within the series are either re-molds or re-colors of earlier Beast Wars figures or Generation 2/Machine Wars figures . In addition to the 43 episodes , there is also a 50-minute movie , Beast Wars II : Lio Convoy 's Close Call ! , which takes place sometime between episodes 32 and 38 , and a manga adaptation by Shoji Imaki . The only other country it was published in is Korea , and it was done by Daewon Media . The anime was also released in Korea , and it was broadcast on SBS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4a8657c06afb438f60bf922db251712", "text": "Death's Head Death 's Head is a fictional character appearing in British comics and American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is depicted as a robotic bounty hunter ( or rather , as he calls himself , a `` freelance peace-keeping agent '' ) . The character was created by writer Simon Furman and artist Geoff Senior for the company 's Marvel UK imprint . Furman decided to use Death 's Head in his Transformers stories , but believed that characters appearing in Transformers `` were prone to be absorbed into that title 's catchall copyright '' ( allowing Hasbro to contest their ownership ) and led to a one-page strip titled `` High Noon Tex '' ( which was subsequently published in various Marvel UK titles ) being hastily created to establish Marvel 's ownership of the character . Furman has stated that he chose the name Death 's Head for the character while unaware of the `` Nazi-connotations of the name '' . The character was later redesigned and relaunched as Death 's Head II , acting as one of the flagship characters for Marvel UK 's 1990s expansion . This version of Death 's Head also inspired two spin-off characters , Death Wreck and Death Metal , each of which starred in its own limited series . Later , in 2005 , fans used a poll on Marvel 's website to vote for the character 's return . This led to a third version of Death 's Head , Death 's Head 3.0 , created by original Death 's Head writer Simon Furman . Simon Furman said in 2011 that the character was still popular because `` he 'll never change or compromise or grow or repent or agonise like most comic book characters . He 's this unchanging , uncompromising rock that other characters bounce off . But you still kind of love him . Weird . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da321c0d37dd34d064a313286ff15be8", "text": "List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication . Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings : Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books . On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 . In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d234d4a641c49429238cb1950043a61a", "text": "Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books One of the key aspects of the Modern Age of Comic Books was that it was the beginning of big events . In 1984 , Marvel Comics debuted the first large crossover , Secret Wars , a storyline featuring the company 's most prolific superheroes , which overlapped into a 12-issue limited series and many monthly comic books . A year later , DC Comics introduced its first large scale crossover , Crisis on Infinite Earths , which had long-term effects on the `` DC Universe '' continuity . In the early and mid-1990s , big events were regularly published by Marvel and DC , often leading to extra publicity and sales . These events helped fend-off competition from Image Comics , and such events were more likely to become `` collector 's items . '' Some events , such as DC 's `` Zero Hour '' and Marvel 's `` Onslaught saga '' spanned a publisher 's entire line while others only affected a `` family '' of interrelated titles . The X-Men and Batman franchises featured crossovers almost annually . Some of the most significant mid-1990s events , such as Spider-Man 's `` Clone Saga , '' Batman 's `` Batman : Knightfall '' and particularly , `` The Death of Superman '' caused dramatic changes to long-running characters and received coverage in the mainstream media . These events led to significant sales boosts and publicity , but many fans began to criticize them as excessive and lacking compelling storytelling . They also complained that monthly series had become inaccessible because one had to follow a number of comics to understand the full storyline . By the end of the 1990s , the number of large crossovers decreased , but they were still launched sporadically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6878e3d72851099564b3ac138c934a97", "text": "Bulkhead (Transformers) Bulkhead is the name of four fictional characters from the Transformers franchise . All incarnations of Bulkhead are Autobots and are green in color . He was introduced in Transformers : Energon and later redebuted in Transformers : Animated as a completely new character . The Animated Bulkhead became so popular that he was adapted to reappear in Transformers : Prime . Whereas he was a minor character in Energon , the Animated/Prime Bulkhead appears as a main character in both series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "457b0ca0875d0137a4b690633b7f0806", "text": "List of Bionicle toys The following is a list of toys in Lego Bionicle line . They are organized by North American release dates ; major differences in international releases are noted , America and Europe being one of the first to receive them . There are five main kinds of sets : Collectibles are random assortments of pieces to be used as accessories for larger sets . New collectibles were originally released every six months , but were reduced to a yearly schedule as of 2004 . Collectibles are no longer released as of 2007 . Box Sets are the smallest and cheapest independent sets . Though most sets are packaged in cardboard boxes , this article will use the term to describe these small sets . A group of six box sets were released yearly , though in 2007 there were only four . In 2008 , 6 of these were released to correspond with the canister sets , though the boxes themselves were similar to canisters . Box sets contain from around 15 pieces to about 30 . Canister Sets are the main focus in the toyline and the storyline , and are packaged in plastic canisters . Groups of six canister sets are released every six months . Canister sets usually contain around 50 , 60 or 70 pieces . Titans was a term first used for the 2005 large sets , and fans often use the label for similar large character sets . In this article , it will be used to describe any set larger than a canister set ( besides playsets ) . Most Titans contain more than 100 pieces , though larger ones contain at least 200 or 500 . ( Note : The 2007 -- 2009 sets are labeled `` Warriors '' on Bionicle.com . For the time being , this article will continue to use the `` Titan '' label . ) Battle Vehicles are the newest types of sets . They feature canister-set-sized characters on a larger vehicle . They were introduced in 2008 and replaced Playsets . They can be classified as a type of Titan . A few Battle Vehicle sets are about the size and cost of normal titans , however these sets are considerably smaller in size and have Box Set size figures in place of the Canister-size figures . One exception to this is the Toa Ignika set , which contained a vehicle and a Canister-sized set as the rider while still maintaining the normal titan cost . However , the skyboard ( the corresponding vehicle ) is considerably smaller than even other `` normal titan '' vehicles . Playsets were introduced in 2005 and are traditional Lego construction sets ; including minifigures of canister set characters . In 2008 these have been replaced with Battle Vehicle sets ( see above ) . Stars were canister sets in early 2010 that contained Box Set size counterparts of characters from previous years . Each contained a piece of golden armor that would fit onto the Tahu set within that particular toyline . There are also two kinds of other sets : This list also includes specific promotions ; either items packaged with sets or special collectibles available separately . Promotional sets that are officially not part of the toyline are not included , unless they are acknowledged by the storyline . Promotional Bionicle sets are usually under ten pieces and are free . Other models are not categorized in any of the above . Other models includes a few Bionicle pieces , and sometimes a CD or video . Their prices vary widely . Most other models were released in Europe or America . Releases are grouped in this list into six-month periods , the beginnings of which are marked by when canister sets are released ; usually around January for winter periods and July for summer periods ( though due to retail schedules , European `` winter '' releases begin around March instead ) . Some sets are labeled `` store exclusive '' ; they are only available at that store and directly through Lego ( both Lego outlet stores and the Lego Shop At Home website ) , such as an unnumbered set of random Bionicle parts in a plastic bag .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b77eddb1f00cc101bc3afd986ca00cd", "text": "HASCON HASCON is a forthcoming annual fan convention created by Hasbro to promote its various licensed properties , including Transformers , G.I. Joe , My Little Pony : Friendship is Magic , and Magic : The Gathering . It thus replaces the previous fan convention from Fun Publications , BotCon . It was subsequently announced that the first HASCON is scheduled for September 8 -- 10 , 2017 , at the Rhode Island Convention Center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91b5f73aa113859dd59dae084dd2bf09", "text": "Aaron Archer Aaron C. Archer ( born 1972 in Canton , Ohio ) is an illustrator and creative professional who spent over 18 years at Hasbro , designing for toy brands like Transformers , G.I. Joe , and others . Aaron worked on the Transformers brand for over 13 years , collaborating with Takara on hundreds of toys . Aaron acted as the Creative Lead for all Transformers partnerships including four feature films , four video games , five animated series , theme park rides , and countless publishing projects . In 2013 Aaron retired from Hasbro in order to pursue independent projects . Archer has worked on other Hasbro/Kenner toy lines including various Batman lines , Star Wars , and Alien : Resurrection , amongst others . Archer 's earliest Transformers work were designs for the later Beast Wars toys , including Transmetal 2 Megatron , Dinobot , and Cheetor . Archer was the Design VP on the Transformers brand , a role that essentially made him the highest-ranking creative Transformers staffer on the Hasbro side of the business ( Transformers are produced in partnership with Takara ) . Archer managed a design team that is responsible for concept design , both for larger storyline concepts ( Archer claims the idea for the show Transformers : Cybertron was initially created on a Taco Bell napkin over lunch ) and for the look of individual characters , while Takara 's engineers are responsible for converting Hasbro designs into three-dimensional action figure form . Takara also has say in design choices . Archer is also well known in the Transformers fandom for his brief stint posting on the TFW2005 boards under the assumed name `` Orson '' ( a reference to Orson Welles , voice of Unicron ) . Archer responded to fan questions in an unusually cryptic style , answering either-or type questions with a straightforward `` NO '' and only answering specific parts of multi-part questions ( most likely due to non-disclosure issues ) . The `` Orson 's World '' message board was eventually shut down by Hasbro and issued a statement that they wanted to treat all fansites fairly . Prior to working for Hasbro , Archer self-published a comic book , Gumbo , with Jeff McCormack . Both attended the University of Akron , in Akron , Ohio . Some homages to Aaron include the Transformers movie toy Longarm having `` Orson 's Towing '' on the door , the early name for Universe Skalor being listed as `` Archerbot '' , and the Transformers : Animated character `` Angry Archer '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24f0b42e08bac8412b7680fefb112b3d", "text": "Big Apple Comic Con The Big Apple Comic Con is a New York City comic book convention , the longest-running comic book/science fiction/fantasy/horror / pop culture convention in New York City . It was started by retailer Michael `` Mike Carbo '' Carbonaro in March 1996 in the basement of the Church of St. Paul the Apostle . During its heyday from 2001 -- 2008 , the Big Apple Comic Con often featured multiple shows per year , with a large three-day `` national '' convention held in November , usually held at the Penn Plaza Pavilion . The show was owned by Wizard Entertainment from 2009 to 2013 , but is now back in the hands of Carbonaro . Over the course of its history , the convention has been known as the Big Apple Convention , the Big Apple Comic Book Art , and Toy Show , and the Big Apple Comic Book , Art , Toy & Sci-Fi Expo ; with the November shows known as the National Comic Book , Art , Toy , and Sci-Fi Expo , the National Comic Book , Art , and Sci-Fi Expo , and the National Comic Book , Comic Art , and Fantasy Convention . After the show 's acquisition by Wizard Entertainment , the convention was known as the Wizard World Big Apple Comic Con , and as the Wizard World New York City Experience . In 2014 , the name `` Big Apple Convention '' was revived by Carbonaro for a show scheduled for March 7 , 2015 . Though it primarily focuses on comic books , the convention features a large range of pop culture elements , such as professional wrestling , science fiction/fantasy , film/television , animation , anime , manga , toys , horror , collectible card games , video games , webcomics , and fantasy novels . Along with panels , seminars , and workshops with comic book professionals , the Big Apple Comic Con often features previews of upcoming films , and such evening events as the costume contest overseen by `` Captain Zorikh '' Zorikh Lequidre . The convention features a large floorspace for exhibitors , including comic book dealers and collectibles merchants . The show includes an autograph area , as well as the Artists ' Alley where comics artists can sign autographs and sell or do free sketches . ( Despite the name , Artists ' Alley can include writers and even glamour models . ) In 2009 , Michael Carbonaro established his own independent one-day convention known as the New York Comic Book Marketplace which ran annually through 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43773fa7e971681c406a1421ad9ee03c", "text": "Secret Wars (toyline) The Secret Wars toyline was a short lived tie-in to Marvel Comics ' Secret Wars comic book mini-series . The line was produced by Mattel and saw two series of action figures released ( along with vehicles and playsets ) in 1984 and 1985 , as well as a third series of figures released outside North America . Figures typically came with shield accessories that could hold lenticular images . Several of the characters in the mini-series never appeared in the toyline , while characters and vehicles not appearing in the mini-series appeared in the toyline .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d7b7bd08a8e84f087bfec3e69a5c1f9", "text": "Image Comics Image Comics is an American comic book publisher . It was founded in 1992 by several high-profile illustrators as a venue where comics creators could publish their material without giving up the copyrights to the characters they created , as creator-owned properties . It was immediately successful , and remains one of the largest comic book publishers in North America . Its output was originally dominated by superhero and fantasy series from the studios of the Image partners , but now includes comics in many genres by numerous independent creators . Its best-known series include Spawn , Savage Dragon , Witchblade , The Darkness , Invincible , The Walking Dead , Saga , and Chew .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea76b2d825921812864226e0dde5ba0b", "text": "Star Wars Action News Star Wars Action News is a podcast that describes itself as `` the first and only podcast dedicated to Star Wars collecting . '' The show is hosted by Arnie and Marjorie Carvalho , a married couple from Illinois , who were described by Lucasfilm as `` some of the biggest Star Wars collectors in the world '' . Regular segments include reports of the latest Star Wars merchandise available in stores and online , reviews of Star Wars comics and novels , and an Ebay item of the Week focusing on weird Star Wars items , such as a chicken nugget shaped like Jabba the Hutt . One of the most popular segments is the weekly destruction of a classic `` Star Wars '' collectible . The show also reviews high-end collectibles , such as Master Replicas and Gentle Giant items . The show regularly has ongoing series including `` Collecting 101 '' series which provides a basic overview of being a Star Wars collector including what to buy and how to care for a collection , and `` 30 years of Collecting '' which reviewed an item released each year from 1977 through 2007 . There have also been interviews on the show with many Star Wars personalities such as Samuel L. Jackson and Steve Sansweet , Robot Chicken creators Seth Green and Matthew Senreich , and various Star Wars authors including Alan Dean Foster , Donald F. Glut , James Kahn , L. Neil Smith , Troy Denning , Aaron Allston , Karen Traviss , James Luceno , and Timothy Zahn . Musician Richard Cheese was also interviewed discussing his rendition of the Imperial March . The show has covered New York Toy Fair from 2007 through 2010 , San Diego Comic Con from 2006 to 2010 as well as Star Wars Celebration IV in 2007 , Star Wars Celebration Europe in 2007 , Star Wars Celebration Japan in 2008 , and Star Wars Celebration 5 in 2010 . The hosts performed a live show in 2009 at San Diego Comic Con on the Kotobukiya Stage where they interviewed Steve Sansweet , Robot Chicken writers Dan Milano , Doug Goldstein , and Mike Fasolo , authors Gus Lopez and Duncan Jenkins , as well as several representatives from Star Wars collectible manufacturers . In addition , the hosts have performed several panels at various conventions across the United States including Pittsburgh ComicCon , Star Wars Celebration 4 , and Star Wars Celebration 5 . Star Wars Action News also has several spin-off podcasts , including Republic Forces Radio Network where a panel of hosts review each episode of the Clone Wars animated series , and The Star Wars Action News Book Club reviewing all the Star Wars novels released . This podcast was featured on G4 's Attack of the Show segment Blog Watch on June 11 , 2007 as well as in the film documentary The Force Among Us . The show had a featured article in the book Star Wars Super Collector 's Wish Book : Identification & Values by Geoffrey T. Carlton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35c1ce30072843edffdd6b027d029db5", "text": "Beast Wars: Transformers (video game) Beast Wars : Transformers is a third-person shooter developed by Sony Computer Entertainment Cambridge and published by Hasbro Interactive and Takara on December 5 , 1997 for PlayStation and May 31 , 1998 for PC . It is based on the popular Transformers : Beast Wars animated series , specifically the first season , after the introduction of Airazor and Inferno .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced05eef9ffac83662b4e2c14f405499", "text": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities . Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel . Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 . In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55e2f0da157657339f6abf18774004d7", "text": "Transformers: Scramble City , sometimes referred to as just is an episode of The Transformers released as an OVA ( Original Video Animation ) in Japan in April 1986 . It was created as a promotional video for the new line of ` Scramble City ' toys and the cassettes were paired with the toy sets . Despite strong belief ( such as that voiced on the 20th Anniversary DVD bonus commentary for the episode ) , it was not meant to introduce Japanese audiences to the new characters from The Transformers : The Movie ( considering Ultra Magnus , Ramhorn , Steeljaw , and Ratbat are the only ones from the film that appear in it ) . Chronologically , it takes place years before the movie during the early stages of construction on Autobot City . But since Trypticon appeared ( and was supposed to debut in Five Faces of Darkness ) , it can be assumed that this video takes place after Alternity .", "title": "" } ]	fever
54566cc00b1199ea2fd0369d0330d3ce	Tipper Gore was born in August 1948.	[ { "docid": "8651c69aee0726b420babf5eb6c8328c", "text": "Tipper Gore Mary Elizabeth `` Tipper '' Gore ( née Aitcheson ; born August 19 , 1948 ) is an author , photographer , and social issues advocate who was Second Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001 , and the wife of Al Gore , the 45th Vice President of the United States , from whom she is currently separated . Gore rose to prominence for her work with the Parents Music Resource Center ( PMRC ) , voicing strong opinions and advocating censorship , for the labeling of record covers of releases featuring profane language , especially in the heavy metal , punk and hip hop genres . She has advocated for mental health , homelessness , women and children . Gore has also been an LGBT rights activist since her husband was in office , which was rare for a second lady and against her husband 's beliefs at the time .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "bb0ac30ab580dfea6b47a7b63bb57603", "text": "Peter Mander Peter Garth Mander ( 4 July 1928 -- 21 June 1998 ) was a New Zealand yachtsman and Olympic gold medal winner . With Jack Cropp , Mander won the Sharpie class at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne . Mander then retired from competitive yachting , but made a comeback and was selected to compete in the Finn class at the 1964 Summer Olympics where he finished fourth . He later became the president of the New Zealand Yachting Federation . Mander also won two world 18-footer championships , in 1952 and 1954 , as well as 16 New Zealand national yachting titles in eight different classes . in 1972 he was named New Zealand yachtsman of the year , and in 1990 he was inducted , with Jack Cropp , into the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame . Born in the Christchurch suburb of Sumner in 1928 , Mander was the son of Nina Pretoria Mander ( née Hoglund ) and Stanley Augustus Mander , who played for the New Zealand hockey team . His younger brother , Graham Mander , competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics , also as a yachtsman . He was educated at St Andrew 's College . Outside of yachting , Mander was a businessman . He joined Christchurch clothing company Deanes Industries in 1950 and rose to becoming managing director . He also served as a director of the clothing and retail companies R.W. Saunders and Hallenstein Brothers . In the 1992 New Year Honours , Mander was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire , for services to yachting . Mander died in Christchurch on 21 June 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c856737fd942d0826629522b786f3412", "text": "Goreljek Goreljek ( -LSB- ɡɔˈɾeːljək -RSB- or -LSB- ɡɔˈɾeːljɛk -RSB- ) is a high-elevation settlement on the Pokljuka Plateau in the Municipality of Bohinj in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia . It has less than ten residents , but there are a large number of holiday homes in Goreljek and its immediate area . The northern part of the settlement 's territory extends into the Ore Valley ( Rudna dolina ) . The local chapel is dedicated to Saint Anthony the Hermit and was rebuilt in a modern alpine style in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6407dd63fd74ccad58c71c92b0e1d581", "text": "Raja Ram (musician) Raja Ram ( born Ronald Rothfield , 18 December 1941 ) is an Australian-born musician and the owner of the United Kingdom record label Tip World . Ram left Australia in the 1950s to begin the hippie trail . He returned to Australia later and studied flute at the Melbourne Conservatorium of Music . Ram travelled to New York in 1965 to study jazz . He was a founding member of the psychedelic rock band Quintessence in the late 1960s and early 1970s , playing at the first two Glastonbury Festivals ( then ` fayres ' ) in 1970 and 1971 . Shortly after , Ram retired for personal reasons and became an envelope salesman . In the 1980s , he returned to his music career being interested in the emerging genre of electronic music . He was one of the first people to make what is today considered psychedelic trance . Raja Ram formed TIP Records in 1994 with Graham Wood and Ian St. Paul . Richard Bloor then joined them and together they made TIP one of most well-known goa trance labels . After the label folded in 1998 Ram then founded Tip World in 1999 . He has founded or been involved with a number of bands since The Quintessence . Firstly The Infinity Project ( T.I.P. ) . Some of the first tracks were produced of Martin Freeland of Man With No Name fame . The first track was celebrated by throwing the first of the legendary `` Tip parties . '' TIP parties and TIP Records came from the name The Infinity Project . He then created Shpongle with Simon Posford and collaborated with a group of Goa Trance musicians to make two ambient albums of The Mystery of the Yeti . He is a founder of 1200 Micrograms along with Riktam , Bansi and Chicago . He often plays the flute on ambient tracks or on more full on tracks and has played flute as guest musician with Youth , Boy George and Sly & Robbie . He also has collaborated in 2 other bands called The Zap ! and Cyberbabas with Benji Vaughan . He did not start DJ ` ing until he was in his 50s but soon became a headline act in the Psy Trance scene and continues to headline at large events worldwide . Ram is married to Nita Devi , with whom he has a daughter named Sastra . He also has a granddaughter named Bella .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75c80241ead5e4b4bcd0696dedfa3370", "text": "Tokyo Gore Police is a 2008 Japanese-American film co-written , edited , and directed by Yoshihiro Nishimura and stars Eihi Shiina as Ruka , a vengeful police officer . Tokyo Gore Police was released to several film festivals in North America . It received generally positive reviews , noting that it lives up to its title by being gory , perverse and bizarre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e14d0dce1613f1535652147f2c0dc4a7", "text": "49s 49s Limited is a lottery company based in London , UK , which operates the 49 's draw , Irish Lotto Bet , Rapido , and virtual horse and greyhound racing . The organization was formed in 1996 as a response to the launch of the UK National Lottery which started the previous year . 49 's Limited is funded by LBO 's who subscribe to Satellite Information Services which broadcasts the daily racing program into their shops .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ad1b5f2b8d1947adcd898b77d0fecd3", "text": "Interdepartmental Working Group on Trafficking in Persons The Interdepartmental Working Group on Trafficking in Persons ( IWG-TIP ) was the body responsible for the development of public policy related to human trafficking in Canada until the organization was replaced by the Human Trafficking Taskforce in June 2012 . The IWG-TIP was established in 1999 and was co-chaired by the Department of Foreign Affairs , Trade and Development and the Department of Justice . Seventeen agencies and departments of the Government of Canada participated in the working group . The group produced a pamphlet in 14 languages with the intention of educating at-risk women about how they might avoid being trafficked . This pamphlet was distributed internationally . The IWG-TIP promoted the idea that victims of human trafficking should be primarily served by community organizations . In 2004 , the IWG-TIP was mandated to create a national anti-human-trafficking plan , and both politicians and non-governmental organizations ( NGOs ) proceeded to remind the IWG-TIP of this unfulfilled mandate for the following eight years . The IWG-TIP continued to promise to establish such a plan throughout these years . On March 31 , 2004 , the IWG-TIP website was updated to state that it was having a meeting with academics and NGOs `` to discuss various elements of a potential federal anti-trafficking strategy , '' but no more updates were made to the website over the following four years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "450175a5b06212b950573b3c87b7c084", "text": "Gary Neat Gary Francis Neat ( born 27 October 1948 ) is an Australian business leader and company director . He is a former journalist and senior political figure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7ac3fcc2a5f7f09b1f47bc946f3f8c8", "text": "August (2008 film) August is a 2008 American drama film directed by Austin Chick and presented by 57th & Irving . The screenplay by Howard A. Rodman focuses on two brothers , ambitious dot-com entrepreneurs attempting to keep their company afloat as the stock market begins to collapse in August 2001 , one month prior to the 9/11 attacks . The film premiered as an official selection of the Spectrum section at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e893029846b9c8a38e133c7694da6ce8", "text": "Gorenja Gomila Gorenja Gomila ( -LSB- ɡɔˈɾeːnja ɡɔˈmiːla -RSB- ; Obergomila ) is a settlement on the right bank of the Krka River in the Municipality of Šentjernej in southeastern Slovenia . The area was traditionally part of Lower Carniola . It is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region . Trial excavations in 1988 in the hamlet of Golo south of the main settlement confirmed the existence of a Late Bronze Age burial ground at the location . Older literature also refers to Roman graves . The foundations of an 8 m wide Roman road with a possible crossing over the Krka River have also been uncovered in the settlement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fd1d2b95b7b72772787c5dfd13d7211", "text": "Janet De Gore Janet De Gore ( age , place of birth , and other personal information unknown ) is a former actress best known for her supporting roles on the ABC television series , The Law and Mr. Jones , in which she portrayed the legal secretary , Marsha Spear , to attorney Abraham Lincoln Jones , played by James Whitmore ( 1921 -- 2009 ) . A second costar , Conlan Carter ( born 1934 ) , portrayed the legal assistant , C.E. Carruthers . Carter later joined the cast of ABC 's Combat ! . Thereafter , De Gore played the young widow Louise Howard , the attractive romantic interest of Richard Crenna ( 1927 -- 2003 ) in his revised role as the recently widowed Luke McCoy on CBS ' The Real McCoys . The situation comedy starring Walter Brennan had premiered on ABC in 1957 but switched networks and nights from Thursday to Sunday opposite Bonanza on NBC for its final year . Kathleen Nolan , who played Crenna 's on-screen wife , Kate McCoy , left the series after five years ; it was announced that Nolan 's character had died . Butch Patrick , later of CBS 's The Munsters , played Greg Howard , Louise 's 9-year-old son , in the revised The McCoys . Most of De Gore 's acting occurred between 1952 and 1966 . Her early roles were in dramatic anthologies , including Hallmark Hall of Fame , the Philco Television Playhouse , and Kraft Television Theatre . In 1960-1961 , as she joined Four Star 's The Law and Mr. Jones cast , she also appeared in episodes of two Warner Brothers series , Will Hutchins ' western Sugarfoot and Efrem Zimbalist , Jr. 's detective series , 77 Sunset Strip , both on ABC . In 1964 , she appeared as a flight attendant in the episode `` Second Chance '' of the ABC science fiction series The Outer Limits . In 1965 , she appeared on Chuck Connors ' short-lived NBC western Branded . In 1966 , her last year of television credits , De Gore appeared on The Farmer 's Daughter ( ABC ) with Inger Stevens , Perry Mason ( CBS ) with Raymond Burr , and NBC 's powerhouse western Bonanza , which had destroyed The McCoys in the 1962-1963 ratings . Her Bonanza role on the episode entitled `` Tommy '' was that of Allie Miller . She is believed to reside in the Greater Los Angeles Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd8fc563190e6da57d262bd33f671e5c", "text": "TipRanks TipRanks is a company that ranks financial analysts . It was founded in 2012 . In late 2012 TipRanks launched a browser add-on that shows analyst information inside articles . In 2013 , TipRanks won the Finovate awards twice . In 2014 , former New York governor Eliot Spitzer invested in the company . TipRanks operates a website offering paid and free subscriptions on information about financial analysts , bloggers and insider trading .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df8707c92bca70f85ab4c804075e0f98", "text": "Fantasy Amateur Press Association The Fantasy Amateur Press Association or FAPA ( `` FAP-uh '' ) is science fiction fandom 's longest-established amateur press association ( `` apa '' ) . It was founded in 1937 by Donald A. Wollheim and John B. Michel . They were inspired to create FAPA by their memberships in some of the non-science fiction amateur press associations , which they learned about from H. P. Lovecraft . ( It is also fandom 's longest-running organization of any kind , preceding the founding of the runner-up , the National Fantasy Fan Federation , by nearly four years . ) Like other APAs , FAPA is primarily an agency for distributing to its members publications published by its members at their own expense . FAPA has `` mailings '' every three months . Members are required to be active in some way -- writing or publishing -- and produce at least eight pages of activity a year . When needed , there are elections ( in August ) of a secretary-treasurer and official editor . Other officials have included Official Critics , a Laureate Committee , President , Vice-President , and ballot counters . The first two positions were abandoned by the mid-1940s , and in 2009 the positions of President and Vice-President were also eliminated . The President Emeritus is the author Robert Silverberg , who was the last serving President and who has been an active member of FAPA longer than any other current member . When necessary , a teller for the annual officer elections is appointed by the secretary-treasurer . FAPA 's original constitutional limit was 50 members to accommodate publishers using hectographs . There were 21 members listed on the roster of the first mailing in August 1937 ; it took until the November 1938 mailing to fill the 50-member roster . The membership limit was raised to 65 in 1943 and has remained at that level ever since . The early years of FAPA were stormy with party politics and sociological feuds ( as recounted in the late Jack Speer 's pioneering fan history , Up to Now ) . In 1947 , Speer reformed the constitution , and the Insurgents quashed the last inactive OE , Elmer Perdue . Since then official troubles have mostly not disturbed FAPA , and red tape has been held to a minimum . The constitution was again revised in 1958 ( also by Speer ) to incorporate amendments , bylaws , and practices adopted since 1947 . Another major revision occurred in 2001 under the oversight of Robert Lichtman ( Secretary-Treasurer since 1986 and still holding that office ) , clarifying and conforming constitutional requirements with actual practice . During the 1950s and 1960s FAPA was so popular and membership so sought after that the waiting list grew to monumental proportions , for a period of time exceeding the number of membership slots on the FAPA roster . A waiting list fee was instituted to cover the cost of sending the Fantasy Amateur to so many fans awaiting membership , and a requirement that waiting listers periodically acknowledge receipt of the Fantasy Amateur was begun in order to weed out those who lost interest during the long wait . By the '70s the waiting list became much smaller , and in recent years ( since the mid 1990s ) has disappeared altogether . Additionally , the number of members has also shrunk as existing members died or otherwise dropped off the roster . As of May 2016 , there were 23 active participants ( including one joint membership ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c044da9a624e4d0674ad019efaeefd58", "text": "Tipitina's Foundation Tipitina 's Foundation is a not-for-profit charity organization that grew out of the New Orleans music venue , Tipitina 's . Based in New Orleans , Louisiana , the foundation 's mission is to protect and preserve the musical culture of New Orleans and Louisiana . Following Hurricane Katrina , Tipitina 's Foundation was particularly active . Part of the foundation 's stated purpose is to empower the youth of the city to learn music . In order to encourage this , the foundation donates quality instruments to schools in the city and surrounding areas . The foundation also runs workshops teaching music performance at the club of the same name , Tipitina 's , and operates a statewide network of technology access centers ( `` Tipitina 's Music Office Co-Ops '' ) to assist Louisiana 's adult musicians and digital media professionals . Fats Domino has dedicated proceeds from his latest musical release to the foundation . Actor Harry Shearer won $ 50,000 for the foundation on a recent edition of Celebrity Jeopardy! . Members of the foundation appeared on the Aaron Sorkin drama Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip in the episode `` The Christmas Show . '' The name is taken from the classic New Orleans piano tune , `` Tipitina '' , written by Professor Longhair , also the name of a popular nightspot in New Orleans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "045c3ee17a1f9cfe081d5787c40f3ec2", "text": "1948 Oklahoma Sooners football team The 1948 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1948 college football season . In their second year under head coach Bud Wilkinson , the Sooners compiled a 10 -- 1 record ( 5 -- 0 against conference opponents ) , won the Big Seven Conference championship , and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 350 to 121 . Two Sooners received All-America honors in 1948 , Buddy Burris , and Jack Mitchell . Six Sooners received all-conference honors : Burris ( guard ) , Mitchell ( back ) , Owens ( end ) , Paine ( tackle ) , Thomas ( back ) , and Walker ( tackle ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1bae604b3a43d350feb9c50aca4647c", "text": "Andrew Tipping Sir Andrew Patrick Charles Tipping ( born 22 August 1942 ) is an acting judge of the Supreme Court of New Zealand . In 1986 , he was appointed to the High Court . He was promoted to the Court of Appeal on 1 June 1997 , and appointed to the Privy Council a year later . On 1 January 2004 , Tipping became one of the initial members of the new Supreme Court of New Zealand . Tipping retired from the Supreme Court on 17 August 2012 . On 20 September 2012 Tipping was appointed an Acting Judge of the Supreme Court . In the 2006 New Year Honours Tipping was appointed a Distinguished Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services as a judge of the Supreme Court and Court of Appeal of New Zealand . In the Special Honours 2009 he accepted re-designation as a Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit following the re-introduction of titular honours by the New Zealand government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c09cd49ca0bf5c5e5d7c7d18ecdedab4", "text": "Glenn Gore Born in Columbia , Louisiana , on September 8 , 1939 , Glenn Gore is a wildlife artist and photographer . One of Gore 's most noted works include a special series of twenty-nine wildlife scratchboard etchings . Click Here to view an online gallery of Glenn Gore 's scratchboard etchings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acb6652c12a710bd272a960e0bfe7109", "text": "Lee Goren Lee Goren ( born December 26 , 1977 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger who played in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) with the Boston Bruins , Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks before playing the remainder of his career abroad in Europe . Goren was drafted in the third round , 63rd overall by the Boston Bruins in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft . During his collegiate career with the University of North Dakota , he won a NCAA championship . He ended his career in the 2012-13 with Linköpings HC of the then Swedish Elitserien .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "936e18d66090ce381193ee3cbbe58d43", "text": "H. A. Willis H.A. Willis , born Howard Alan Willis on 15 November 1948 , is an Australian essayist , critic and editor . The son of a Lands Department inspector in Victoria , Willis was born at Colac and grew up at Apollo Bay , Kyneton and Ballarat . He subsequently lived in Darwin and Auckland , New Zealand ( 1970 -- 80 ) and rural Tasmania before settling with his wife and two young sons in Perth in 1981 . As a student at La Trobe University in the late 1960s , Willis was part of a group ( which also included Philippe Mora , Peter Beilby , Rod Bishop and Demos Krouskos ) , that wrote and produced the first issue of Cinema Papers ( October 1967 ) . While studying at the University of Auckland , Willis was a founding member of Alternative Cinema , an Auckland film-makers ' cooperative established in 1972 . He contributed articles to and edited several early issues of that group 's journal , Alternative Cinema . Willis later ( 1976 ) wrote an in-depth account of the New Zealand film industry for Cinema Papers . Willis produced a half-hour television documentary , Stanley , filmed in October -- November 1974 for NZBC . The film concerned a twelve-day manhunt ( in October 1941 ) for mass killer Stanley Graham . Based on his interviews with participants in the manhunt , and his access to the previously closed Police files , Willis wrote Manhunt , the most detailed account of the event . The feature film Bad Blood , based on his book , starred Jack Thompson and Carol Burns . In 2012 , Willis returned to Hokitika , where Graham is buried . His account of his trip to Westland and the Graham story was published in the `` Travel '' section of The West Australian . Willis 's 2012 visit to New Zealand also generated articles paying homage to the earthquake damaged city of Christchurch and the philosopher Karl Popper ( a resident of Christchurch in 1937 -- 45 ) . After settling in Western Australia , Willis worked as an archival researcher , film script assessor ( WA Film Council , 1991 -- 93 ) , book editor and reviewer . Between 1989 and 2006 , he wrote about 250 reviews for The West Australian , The Age and The Canberra Times . He also wrote a number of longer articles on subjects that included the closure of the old Metters Limited stove factory in Perth , chronic pain , colonial and Aboriginal history , east European cultural and political history , cultural stereotyping , and environmental issues . His essay on pain was selected as the Western Australian finalist for the MBF Health and Well Being awards for 1994 . In 1994 he interviewed Tim Winton for Eureka Street ; Winton later dedicated his novel Breath ( 2008 ) to Willis . Willis has been involved in two aspects of the Australian `` History wars '' . When Keith Windschuttle published The Fabrication of Aboriginal History , Volume One ( 2002 ) , Willis undertook a detailed analysis of the author 's cited sources in order to dispute his figure for Tasmanian Aborigines killed during hostilities in Van Diemen 's Land . In relation to that debate , Robert Manne described Willis as `` a conservative scholar ... known for his scrupulousness '' . In 2010 , he joined the debate over the introduction and history of smallpox in Australia , arguing that the 1789 outbreak near Sydney originated from a Macassan introduction through Northern Australia . As a non-fiction editor , Willis prepared for publication ( including the title ) The Last of the Last ( 2009 ) , the autobiography of Claude Choules , the last combat veteran of World War I . At the time of publication Choules was 108 , making him the world 's oldest first time author . Other titles edited by Willis include From Kastellorizo ( 2006 ) , Michael ( Stratos ) Jack Kailis 's memoir of his extended family , and Nurses with Altitude ( 2008 ) , a collection of stories by Western Australian nurses of the Royal Flying Doctor Service . Between 1982 and 1991 Willis published eleven short stories in various literary journals , including Overland , Australian Short Stories , Brave New Word , ` Going Down Swinging , The Weekend Australian , and Island . In 2010 , Willis indexed and was one of the editorial annotators of The Australind Journals of Marshall Waller Clifton 1840-1861 . In 2011 he wrote the introductory essay to a reprinted edition of Thermo-Electrical Cooking Made Easy , by Nora Curle-Smith , first published in Kalgoorlie in 1907 , and claimed to be the world 's first cookbook for an electric stove .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bfe2300524206996f288c1d8bf471d5", "text": "United States vice-presidential debate, 1992 The 1992 vice-presidential debate was part of the 1992 presidential election . The participants were Democratic nominee , Bill Clinton 's running mate , U.S. Senator Al Gore from Tennessee ; Ross Perot 's running mate , retired Vice Admiral James Stockdale ; and Republican candidate , incumbent Vice President Dan Quayle . It was held on Tuesday , October 13 , 1992 . The debate was held at Georgia Tech in Atlanta , Georgia . Hal Bruno of ABC News served as moderator . Stockdale , Perot 's running mate , became an object of ridicule afterwards including being lampooned on Saturday Night Live . Stockdale often seemed confused and disoriented ; at one point he asked that a question be repeated because his hearing aid was not on . At another point when asked about abortion , Stockdale merely said `` What a woman does with her body is her business period '' . However , it should be pointed out that Stockdale only had one week to prepare for the debate and had not discussed any of the issues with Perot beforehand . At one point , when Quayle and Gore were squabbling back and forth , Stockdale said , `` I think you can see why this country is in gridlock '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "256372c75262668f866e928b0ae54132", "text": "Richard Teece Richard Teece ( 29 April 1847 -- 13 December 1928 ) was an Australian actuary , general manager and actuary of the Australian Mutual Provident Society . Teece was born in Paihia , Bay of Islands , New Zealand , the son of William Teece and his wife Catherine , and went with his family to New South Wales in 1854 or in 1852 . Teece was educated at the Goulburn Grammar School and from 1865 to 1867 at the University of Sydney . Teece was a keen sportsman , secretary of the University Boat Club and played in early intervarsity cricket matches and later with the Albert and I Zingari clubs . Having gained a high reputation in connection with actuarial and assurance business , Teece was appointed general manager and actuary of the Australian Mutual Provident Society , a position of high responsibility . He has been President of the Free Trade and Liberal Association of New South Wales and President of the Australian Economic Association . He is also a Fellow and member of the senate of the University of Sydney , President of the Sydney Mechanics ' School of Arts , a Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries of Great Britain and Ireland , member of the American Society of Actuaries , member of the British Economic Association , President of Section F at the meeting of the Australasian Association held in Hobart in January 1892 . Teece married in Sydney on 12 February 1876 , Miss Helena Palmer . Teece was honorary secretary of the New South Wales Cricket Association and chairman of the Australian Cricket Board 1892 -- 1893 . Teece shot himself on 13 December 1928 at his home in Point Piper , New South Wales , survived by four sons and three daughters . Teece was buried in the Anglican section of Gore Hill cemetery . A son , Richard Clive Teece ( 1877-1965 ) , became a barrister ; a daughter , Emma Linda Palmer Littlejohn ( 1883 -- 1949 ) , became a feminist and journalist .", "title": "" } ]	fever
5f945945736fe57ab31ff15666c8137c	The Academy Honorary Award is given by an organization.	[ { "docid": "dfdd21e5d8e824d1ae26aea024dccf58", "text": "Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS , also known as simply the Academy ) is a professional honorary organization with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures . The Academy 's corporate management and general policies are overseen by a Board of Governors , which includes representatives from each of the craft branches . The roster of the Academy 's approximately 6,000 motion picture professionals is a `` closely guarded secret '' . While the great majority of its members are based in the United States , membership is open to qualified filmmakers around the world . The Academy is known around the world for its annual Academy Awards , now officially known as The `` Oscars '' . In addition , the Academy holds the Governors Awards annually for lifetime achievement in film ; presents Scientific and Technical Awards annually ; gives Student Academy Awards annually to filmmakers at the undergraduate and graduate level ; awards up to five Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting annually ; and operates the Margaret Herrick Library ( at the Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study ) in Beverly Hills , California , and the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study in Hollywood , Los Angeles . The Academy plans to open the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2d5e21af394b677f3ed757fa703d031", "text": "Academy Honorary Award The Academy Honorary Award -- instituted in 1948 for the 21st Academy Awards ( previously called the Special Award , which was first presented in early 1929 ) -- is given annually by the Board of Governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) to celebrate motion picture achievements that are not covered by existing Academy Awards , although prior winners of competitive Academy Awards are not excluded from receiving the Honorary Award . Unless otherwise specified , Honorary Award recipients receive the same gold Oscar statuettes received by winners of the competitive Academy Awards . Unlike the Special Achievement Award instituted in 1972 ( and discontinued in 1995 ) , those on whom the Academy confers its Honorary Award do not have to meet `` the Academy 's eligibility year and deadline requirements . '' Like the Special Achievement Award , the Special Award and Honorary Award have been used to reward significant achievements of the year that did not fit in existing categories , subsequently leading the Academy to establish several new categories , and to honor exceptional career achievements , contributions to the motion picture industry , and service to the Academy . The Academy Honorary Award is often awarded in preference to those with noted achievements in motion pictures who have nevertheless never won an Academy Award . Thus , many of its recipients are Classic Hollywood stars , such as Lillian Gish , Barbara Stanwyck , Kirk Douglas , and Lauren Bacall . Since 2009 the Honorary Award is presented at the annual Governors Awards rather than at the Academy Awards .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5994d16315b5e39019837e376be06718", "text": "American Cinema Editors Founded in 1950 , American Cinema Editors ( ACE ) is an honorary society of film editors that are voted in based on the qualities of professional achievements , their education of others , and their dedication to editing . The society is not to be confused with an industry union , such as the I.A.T.S.E. ( specifically the Motion Picture Editors Guild or MPEG ) to which an editor might belong . The current President of ACE is Alan Heim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d7dc243d6b85904d1b5aa991147aa4f", "text": "Awards of the United States Department of State The United States Department of State , like other agencies of the U.S. federal government , gives civilian decorations for outstanding service , sacrifice , or heroism . The criteria for the awards are set down in 3 FAM 4820 - Foreign Affairs Manual , 3 FAM - Personnel , section 3 FAM 4800 Department Awards Program . State Department awards are broken down into four types : honor awards , achievement awards , service awards , and recognition awards . In addition , there are awards which are no longer given but for which certificates , ribbons , or medals may still be occasionally seen . The Foreign Affairs Manual described the purpose of Department of State honor awards as to `` bestow recognition on an individual or group who has made a significant contribution to the agency 's mission '' and states that `` The honor awards vary in scope and magnitude . The impact of the act or deed which precipitates the nomination must be carefully examined , and consideration given to whether the act to be recognized benefits the post or bureau , the area , the agency , or the Federal Government as a whole . '' Upon authorization , members of the U.S. military may wear the medal and ribbon in the appropriate order of precedence as a U.S. non-military personal decoration . As delineated in numerous diplomatic cables describing each one , achievement awards recognize specific service over the previous year in a specific field or job category . The majority of the awards include a certificate , signed by the Secretary of State and a cash bonus . The cash bonuses range from zero to $ 10,000 . Some awards are sponsored by private donors , who are often former members of the Foreign Service . There is a minimum requirement for several valid nominations in a category in order for some awards to be presented ; if there are insufficient nominees or the nominations do not meet a specific threshold , then no award is presented that year . Currently , none of the achievement awards includes a medal set . Service awards are common for the Armed Forces but are not currently favored by the Director General of the Foreign Service . The Department of State currently awards two service awards , the Secretary 's Career Achievement Award and the Expeditionary Service Award . The Expeditionary Service Award is a new award as of 2011 that recognizes service by Civil and Foreign Service employees in areas designated by the Director General of the Foreign Service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bd5df3d9c4f843c0ad106fbe9676335", "text": "Awards (disambiguation) An award is something given to a person or group of people to recognize excellence in a certain field . For Wikipedia Awards Wikipedia : Awards For awards given to Wikipedia , see meta : Trophy box . See also Award See also List of prizes , medals , and awards", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c2e357cbf6c6fecb6f04c0b9c83e956", "text": "Nobel Academy", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fd6a9aaf0dea2891c1d543d7b8a4d85", "text": "Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences The Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences is a Swiss organization that supports and networks the sciences at a regional , national and international level . They are designated by the Federal Act to Promote Research and Innovation to promote research together with the Swiss National Science Foundation . The Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences is an association of four distinct Swiss academies of different kinds : Swiss Academy of Natural Sciences ( SCNAT ) ; Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences ( SAMW ) ; Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences ( SAGW ) ; Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences ( SATW ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3f56123540da179ece607c09c505eb", "text": "48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . ) Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 . French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation . At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 . Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0ef1af1be3b23fc2a82cb1be7f28903", "text": "List of Malaysian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Malaysia is one of more than a hundred countries that have sent films to compete for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 2004 . The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . As of 2016 , a total of four films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but none has yet received an Oscar nomination . The Princess of Mount Ledang was the first film to be submitted in 2003 , since then no other films that was submitted until 2012 , a film directed by Dain Said Bunohan was sent to compete , but it failed to set out as the nominee . For the 88th Academy Awards , Men Who Save the World was decided by National Film Development Corporation Malaysia ( FINAS ) to be submitted , affiliated with Malaysian Ministry of Communications and Multimedia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727ede2d4889f1ce1faad7fdd093d47d", "text": "ASIFA-Hollywood ASIFA-Hollywood , an American non-profit organization in Los Angeles , California , United States , is a branch member of the `` Association Internationale du Film d'Animation '' or `` ASIFA '' ( the International Animated Film Association ) . Its purpose is to promote the art of film animation in a variety of ways , including its own archive and an annual awards presentation , the Annie Awards . It is also known as the International Animated Film Society . Many branches of ASIFA exist throughout the world ; in the US there are chapters in San Francisco , New York City , Atlanta , Seattle , Washington , the Detroit area , and others , while internationally , organizations exist in Annecy , France , in Italy , and Japan . ASIFA also sponsors several animation film festivals throughout the world , including the ASIFA-Hollywood Student Animation Festival . ASIFA-Hollywood has the largest membership internationally of all other chapters , largely because the most popular cartoons ever produced were by studios and animation professionals located in the city of Burbank , which is also the location of the ASIFA-Hollywood Animation Center . It includes a virtual archive , museum , library and research facility , containing the ASIFA-Hollywood Animation Archive Project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb2600832a8a97147111f4517a8fb164", "text": "8th Academy Awards The 8th Academy Awards were held on March 5 , 1936 , at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles , California . They were hosted by Frank Capra . This was the first year in which the gold statuettes were called `` Oscars '' . The category of Best Dance Direction was introduced this year . The DGA successfully lobbied for its elimination three years later . Mutiny on the Bounty became the last film to date to win Best Picture and nothing else ( following The Broadway Melody and Grand Hotel ) , and the only film to receive three nominations for Best Actor . This was the second and last year that write-in votes were allowed at the Oscars . A Midsummer Night 's Dream became the only film to win a write-in Oscar , taking Best Cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "888bae2c6ac2714a6951fd7dbe5a462e", "text": "AMA Foundation Leadership Award The Excellence in Medicine Awards ( frequently known as the Leadership Awards ) are accolades presented annually by the American Medical Association Foundation to recognize excellence of a select group of physicians and medical students who exemplify the medical profession 's highest values : commitment to service , community involvement , altruism , leadership and dedication to patient care . The AMA Foundation Excellence in Medicine Awards are considered the `` Oscars '' within the medical community . The awards are highly covered in the medical news world . They are also recognized widely in traditional media outlets . Past recipients have been from diverse institutions including Harvard , Johns Hopkins , Yale , University of Colorado , UCLA , Georgetown , University of Michigan , Michigan State University , and MD Anderson Cancer Center . The recipients of these awards obtain national recognition for their dedication and leadership in medicine , along with grants and funding for their projects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09551e69ac34e60adae141376a84bd37", "text": "List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film The 66th Academy Awards , which were held on March 21 , 1994 , saw 35 countries submit films for competition in the Best Foreign Language Film category . The Academy had initially invited 57 countries to send their best films , and the submission deadline was set on November 22 , 1993 . While the rules were basically unchanged , the applications for the 66th Academy Awards included a new form requesting information about the nationalities of the film 's creative team , due to the controversy that had led to the disqualification of A Place in the World at the 65th Academy Awards . The bolded titles were the five nominated films , which came from Hong Kong , Spain , Taiwan , the United Kingdom and Vietnam . It was the first time that the majority of the nominees in this category came from outside Europe ( it happened again in 1997 , 2006 and 2011 ) and is the only time when there have been three Asian nominees . Vietnam made history by becoming the only Southeast Asian country ever to be nominated in this category ( accurate as of 2013 ) . The prize was ultimately awarded to Spain for the romantic comedy , Belle Epoque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f805305fb01cc4ee04e4ead0562090e", "text": "1956 Academy Awards 1956 Academy Awards may refer to : 28th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1956 29th Academy Awards , the 1957 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1956", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d3ef4144272590b03989e584498c8a2", "text": "List of Iraqi submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Iraq has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 2005 . The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . It was not created until the 1956 Academy Awards , in which a competitive Academy Award of Merit , known as the Best Foreign Language Film Award , was created for non-English speaking films , and has been given annually since . As of 2016 , seven Iraqi films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , and none of them have been accepted as nominees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ae8340f6f04156d436e21597c794952", "text": "Arnold Air Society The Arnold Air Society ( AAS ) is a professional , honorary , service organization advocating the support of aerospace power . AAS is open to officer candidates in Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps ( AFROTC ) and at the United States Air Force Academy ( USAFA ) , and is formally affiliated with the Air Force Association ( AFA ) . In addition to AFROTC or Academy commitments , AAS members must complete candidate training , attend meetings , and contribute to their respective Squadrons and ROTC detachments . Doing so enhances the officer candidate experience of cadets as well as builds stronger leadership , organizational , and professional skills .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b91b87c40163c3e507f43714df57fc1", "text": "Gordon E. Sawyer Award The Gordon E. Sawyer Award is an Honorary Award given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to `` an individual in the motion picture industry whose technological contributions have brought credit to the industry . '' The award is named in honour of Gordon E. Sawyer , the former Sound Director at Samuel Goldwyn Studio and three-time Academy Award winner who claimed that a listing of past Academy Awards , arranged both chronologically and by category , represents a history of the development of motion pictures . It was first presented at the 54th Academy Awards , in April 1982 . The Gordon E. Sawyer Award is voted upon and given by the Scientific and Technical Awards Committee of the Academy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef0e1a656018d34144044b4cd3004ca2", "text": "World Academy of Art and Science The World Academy of Art and Science ( WAAS ) is an international non-governmental scientific organization , a world network of more than 700 individual fellows from more than 80 countries . Fellows are elected for distinguished accomplishments in the sciences , arts and the humanities with an inter-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary approach with an outstanding record of public service and are committed to addressing the pressing social problems confronting humanity today . The Academy strives to promote the growth of knowledge , enhance public awareness of the social consequences and policy implications of that growth , and provide `` leadership in thought that leads to action '' . The spirit of the academy can be expressed in the words of Albert Einstein `` The creations of our mind shall be a blessing and not a curse to mankind '' .", "title": "" } ]	fever
9c59a1f753f9acee2eb02959eca0a82f	The British Academy of Film and Television Arts is an award that Walter Matthau won.	[ { "docid": "0ed01999e6f5548e485b44d2fc79bc42", "text": "British Academy of Film and Television Arts The British Academy of Film and Television Arts ( BAFTA ) is an independent charity that supports , develops and promotes the art forms of the moving image -- film , television and game in the United Kingdom . In addition to its annual awards ceremonies , BAFTA has an international , year-round programme of learning events and initiatives offering access to talent through workshops , masterclasses , scholarships , lectures and mentoring schemes in the UK and the USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50a94473f2691f9c4ecc59e5a06fe3ba", "text": "Walter Matthau Walter Matthau ( -LSB- ˈmæθaʊ -RSB- October 1 , 1920 -- July 1 , 2000 ) was an American actor and comedian , best known for his role as Oscar Madison in The Odd Couple and its sequel 30 years later , The Odd Couple II , and his frequent collaborations with Odd Couple co-star Jack Lemmon , particularly in the '90s with Grumpy Old Men and its sequel Grumpier Old Men . He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the 1966 Billy Wilder film The Fortune Cookie . Besides the Oscar , he was the winner of BAFTA , Golden Globe and Tony awards .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "52ffa8ad53b7624ccb43c04cd78b9e06", "text": "British Shakespeare Association The British Shakespeare Association is a professional association of teachers , researchers , theatre practitioners , community workers and other professions who work with the plays of William Shakespeare . Since its foundation in 2002 the BSA has run six international conferences : at De Montfort University , Leicester , at Newcastle University , at the University of Warwick , at King 's College London , at Lancaster University and at the University of Stirling . The BSA 's patron is Dame Judi Dench . The British Shakespeare Association has its own journal , Shakespeare , which is published four times a year online and once a year in print .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3daaae8ce23225d01c335dbe3357855a", "text": "London International Awards The London International Awards , or LIA ( formerly known as London International Advertising Awards , LIAA ) , are a worldwide awards annually honoring `` pioneers , and embodiments of excellence '' in advertising , digital media , production , design , music & sound and branded entertainment . It was the first truly international advertising award of its kind to acknowledge all media and methods from all over the world to be judged by a diverse global jury .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dff3afb9cc207bc396c07c1ecb151bab", "text": "3rd Empire Awards The 3rd Empire Awards ceremony , presented by the British film magazine Empire , honored the best films of 1997 and took place in 1998 . During the ceremony , Empire presented Empire Awards in nine categories as well as one honorary award . The awards were sponsored by Stella Artois for the first time . All of the winners this year won one award each . The Full Monty won the award for Best British Film , while Men in Black won the award for Best Film . Other winners included A Life Less Ordinary , Hamlet , Jerry Maguire , L.A. Confidential , Nil by Mouth , The Crucible and The English Patient . Dennis Hopper received the Lifetime Achievement Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7303ee90df3a3a2c3c03375917b2b303", "text": "TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Drama The TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Drama is an award given by the Television Critics Association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8938a970761eccd515ea678bfeeb5283", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The Olivier Awards are the most prestigious theatrical awards in the United Kingdom and are the UK equivalent of the Tony Awards . Until 2015 , the Olivier Awards did not honour supporting musical performances separately and was therefore a unisex category , honouring both male and female actors . Starting with the 2015 ceremony , the awards have been separated into Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical and Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa6e9c8487342b7db1fdcd2454aa3ebd", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be3148e952d5fbcbe3b525f02375a171", "text": "Producers Guild Film Awards The Producers Guild Film Awards ( previously known as the Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Award ) is an accolade given by the Apsara Producers Guild to recognize excellence in Indian film and television . Originated by filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna , the Star Guild Awards have been one of the major award events since 2004 . The 22-karat gold statuette was sculpted and designed by the jewellery brand Tanishq and was `` inspired by the rich heritage of one of India 's most treasured possessions - the Ajanta and Ellora Caves . '' Nominations for the awards come from selected members of the guild , with the full membership ( around 160 ) available to vote for the winners . The ballots cast by the guild members are then taken to a common venue for the final counting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3f56123540da179ece607c09c505eb", "text": "48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . ) Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 . French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation . At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 . Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fed5ac5c00d5d7423e832e03977d525c", "text": "Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Visual Effects The Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Visual Effects is one of the awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Broadcast Film Critics Association . It was first given out in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c30b951e8fd4b667e4b172a2866f376", "text": "Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role The Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Bodilprisen for bedste mandlige hovedrolle ) is one of the merit categories presented annually by the Danish Film Critics Association at the Bodil Awards . Created in 1948 , it is one of the oldest film awards in Europe , and it honours the best performance by an actor in a leading role in a Danish produced film . The jury can decide not to hand out the award . This has happened five times , in 1952 , 1970 , 1976 , 1985 , and in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15c1f9ace682d9bde74e9663df313ccb", "text": "Satellite Award for Best Foreign Language Film The Satellite Award for Best Foreign ( Language ) Film is one of the annual Satellite Awards given by the International Press Academy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39a9b1130c376ae2a1e2880fd00bee56", "text": "2013 British Academy Television Awards The 2013 British Academy Television Awards nominations were announced on 9 April 2013 . The award ceremony was held at the Royal Festival Hall in London on 12 May 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b", "text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c6fc1c0eba9f7eed11605c85daebe4d", "text": "Bodil Award for Best Non-American Film The Bodil Award for Best Non-American Film is one of the categories for the Bodil Awards presented annually by the Danish Union of Film Critics ( Danish : Filmedarbejderforeningen ) . It was created in 1948 and is one of the oldest film prizes in Europe . This category was called `` Best European Film '' until 2001 , when it became the `` Best Non-American Film '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "271c709197a46500c92b5ef46ff240ec", "text": "Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television The following is a list of Saturn Award winners for Best Actor on Television ( formerly Best Genre TV Actor ) . The award is presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films , honoring the work of actresses in science fiction , fantasy , and horror fiction on television . ( NOTE : Year refers to year of eligibility , the actual ceremonies are held the following year . ) The winners are listed in bold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74f93e0245e849115ba87937befaf348", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Laurence Olivier . The award was originally entitled Play of the Year but was later renamed in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2af1170ecafe94044e02a20f55be6c", "text": "Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act The Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act is an award given by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , an organisation which represents record companies and artists in the United Kingdom . The accolade is presented at the Brit Awards , an annual celebration of British and international music . The winners and nominees are determined by the BRIT Awards voting academy with over 1,000 members , which comprise record labels , publishers , managers , agents , media , and previous winners and nominees . The award was first presented in 1977 as two awards as `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' which were won by Graham Parker and Julie Covington . When the Brit Awards was held for the second time in 1982 , the awards `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' became joint as one award for both male and female acts as well introducing groups acts to award . The first award for the joint `` British Newcomer '' was won by The Human League . In 2003 the award was renamed to `` British Breakthrough Act '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae2fc0201f0d62903a3b8bbc1311b4d4", "text": "UK Charity Awards The UK Charity Awards are annual awards for outstanding achievements within the UK not-for-profit sector . Categories reflect the management of charities and not-for-profits , and awards are made to individuals , departments and whole organizations . Past individual winners have included Lord Rix and Richard Curtis , both for the Lifetime Achievement Award . The event is hosted Charity Times magazine , with help from BBC Training and Development and The Community Channel , as well as commercial sponsors .", "title": "" } ]	fever
71b7f109f72e5a5c3ba1344c35dad223	Philadelphia is the center of economic activity for Pennsylvania.	[ { "docid": "3e35c035b99f8d67fc4a95d598a7160e", "text": "Philadelphia Philadelphia ( -LSB- ˌfɪləˈdɛlfi.ə -RSB- ) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the sixth-most populous city in the United States , with an estimated population of 1,567,872 and more than 6 million in the seventh-largest metropolitan statistical area , . Philadelphia is the economic and cultural anchor of the Delaware Valleya region located in the Northeastern United States at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers with 7.2 million people residing in the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States . In 1682 , William Penn , an English Quaker , founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony . Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States , who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Constitution in 1787 . Several other key Philadelphia events during the Revolution include the First and Second Continental Congress , the preservation of the Liberty Bell , the Battle of Germantown , the Siege of Fort Mifflin , and the Philadelphia Convention . Philadelphia was one of the nation 's capitals in the Revolutionary War , and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington , D.C. , was under construction . In the 19th century , Philadelphia became a major industrial center and railroad hub that grew from an influx of European immigrants . The majority of European immigrants have come from Ireland , Italy and Germany -- the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city . The city became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration of the 20th century , as well as Puerto Ricans , surpassing two million occupants by 1950 . The area 's many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination , as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub . With a gross domestic product of $ 388 billion , Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation . Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies . The Philadelphia skyline is growing , with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several nationally prominent skyscrapers . The city is known for its arts , culture , and rich history , attracting over 41 million domestic tourists alone in 2015 . Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city . Fairmount Park , when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the same watershed , is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States . The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $ 10 billion generated by tourism . Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States Marine Corps , and is also the home of many U.S. firsts , including the first library ( 1731 ) , first hospital ( 1751 ) and medical school ( 1765 ) , first Capital ( 1777 ) , first stock exchange ( 1790 ) , first zoo ( 1874 ) , and first business school ( 1881 ) . Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e38dcb90424a92d928c63d20ee0b9bda", "text": "Phillies (disambiguation) The Philadelphia Phillies are a Major League Baseball team . Phillies may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f4d23fd2757b3410265e6f2ce38709d", "text": "Philadelphia Commercial Museum The Philadelphia Commercial Museum ( also known as the International Bureau of Commerce ; later , Museum of the Philadelphia Civic Center ) was established in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Situated at 332 South Fourth Street , its purpose was to promote domestic and foreign commerce as well as to collect products and information regarding world trade . It was the first US institution that actively promoted the country 's industry and business in foreign markets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27486725919367e0554f143da2dbf043", "text": "Allegheny Conference The Allegheny Conference on Community Development is an nonprofit , private sector leadership organization dedicated to economic development and quality of life issues for a 10-county region in southwestern Pennsylvania , United States . It grew from efforts in the 1940s to coordinate improvements to regional transportation and the local environment . During World War II , the Pittsburgh Regional Planning Association President Richard King Mellon , Carnegie Institute of Technology President Robert Doherty , and others organized local leaders to create a postwar planning committee . Pittsburgh Mayor David L. Lawrence and Allegheny County Commissioner John Kane were early recruits . The Allegheny Conference was officially established in 1944 . The city 's most visible problem in the first half of the 20th century was air pollution . The Conference brokered an agreement for phased-in implementation of smoke control that became city policy . After the Conference voiced its concern for legal loopholes to the state legislature in Harrisburg , Pennsylvania , a comprehensive anti-pollution law was passed in 1949 for Allegheny County . The clearer skies over the city both attracted new business and encouraged local corporations to retain and expand their Pittsburgh headquarters . The pollution-control program explicitly influenced the decision of the Equitable Life Assurance Society to invest in planning the Gateway Center project , a keystone of economic revitalization in Downtown Pittsburgh during Renaissance I . This also led to the development of Point State Park . The Conference also played a role in the appropriation of funds for the construction of flood control dams on the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers . In the 1940s and 1950s , mass transit in Allegheny County was in jeopardy because of 40 private transit companies and increased competition from cars . The Conference released a report in 1951 calling for all local transit lines to be under one authority . Public suspicions and private interests delayed the measure until service cutbacks and strikes rekindled the idea in 1957 . The Conference was instrumental in building public and private support . In 1959 , legislation was passed to create the Port Authority of Allegheny County , and the first buses were rolling in 1964 . Allegheny Conference is a longtime partner with the RIDC . In 1981 it formed the Regional Economic Development Committee with the RIDC that included `` 18 of the region 's top corporate executives '' . The Conference also led the transformation of the 14-block Penn-Liberty Corridor into the Pittsburgh Cultural District . A related effort was Strategy 21 that enabled public and private agencies in Allegheny County to speak with one voice when requesting state funds . Strategy 21 not only resulted in projects that ranged from the new Pittsburgh International Airport to The Andy Warhol Museum . In 2001 , the Conference entered into a strategic affiliation with the Greater Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce , the Pennsylvania Economy League of Southwestern Pennsylvania , and the Pittsburgh Regional Alliance ( PRA ) , with the four organizations merging many staff positions in 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da93b71c3744bb8141bebdc4356f3d8d", "text": "Transportation in New Jersey Transportation in New Jersey utilizes a combination of road , rail , air , and water modes . New Jersey is situated between Philadelphia and New York City , two major metropolitan centers of the Boston-Washington megalopolis , making it a regional corridor for transportation . As a result , New Jersey 's freeways carry high volumes of interstate traffic and products . The main thoroughfare for long distance travel is the New Jersey Turnpike , the nation 's fifth-busiest toll road . The Garden State Parkway connects the state 's densely populated north to its southern shore region . New Jersey has the 4th smallest area of U.S. states , but its population density of 1,196 persons per sq. mi ( 462 persons per km2 ) causes congestion to be a major issue for motorists . New Jersey has a statewide mass transit system , centered on transportation to New York City and Philadelphia . New Jersey Transit , the chief operator of intrastate public transportation , manages three separate light rail systems , eleven commuter rail lines , and a statewide bus system . The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH ) links transportation hubs in Manhattan and northeastern New Jersey , while the PATCO Speedline connects downtown Philadelphia to Camden County , New Jersey . Intercity rail is operated by Amtrak along the Northeast Corridor between the major population centers of the Northeastern United States . In addition , New Jersey is home to Newark Liberty International Airport , the nation 's fifth-busiest international gateway , and the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal , the principal container ship facility of the New York metropolitan area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71bffe58beca2e256ab1295a339bee8c", "text": "Pennsylvania Department of Drug and Alcohol Programs The Pennsylvania Department of Drug and Alcohol Programs is a cabinet-level agency in the Government of Pennsylvania under Governor Tom Wolf . The objective of this department is to manage and distribute state and federal funds used to oversee alcohol and drug prevention , intervention and treatment services . `` The Department of Drug and Alcohol Programs mission is to engage , coordinate and lead the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 's effort to prevent and reduce drug , alcohol and gambling addiction and abuse ; and to promote recovery , thereby reducing the human and economic impact of the disease . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21314f8edf8a6b8ffd73b6a08c92fcb2", "text": "Steel Valley (Pittsburgh) The Southern Steel Valley is the area of post-industrial and industrial concentration along the upper Ohio River valley as well as the Monongahela River all the way to the West Virginia border . It has also included most of the Allegheny River , Beaver River and Youghiogheny River valleys . Most of the Pittsburgh metro area is considered part of `` Steel Valley '' , as well as most of the Weirton-Steubenville-Wheeling Ohio/West Virginia , Morgantown/Fairmont West Virginia and East Liverpool/Youngstown/Mercer / New Castle Ohio and Pennsylvania metro areas . To locals in these regions the `` Steel Valley '' refers to towns and cities along the river shore , the school district and valley areas and not always the suburbs and cities at higher elevations , though the term has been used for the entire region . The Youngstown area of Ohio ( as well as the Wheeling/Steubenville/Weirton area ) though geographically and demographically connected to the `` Steel Valley '' retain many distinctions from the Steel Valley centered in Pittsburgh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "286938a8eb2b9575ccd2c2adf78d58dd", "text": "Southwark, Philadelphia Southwark was originally the Southwark District , a colonial era municipality in Philadelphia County , Pennsylvania . Today , it is a neighborhood in the South Philadelphia section of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Because of its location south of the early Philadelphia , the name was adopted in allusion to the borough of Southwark in the county of London , England , just south of the city of London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7cb0addd3d7bad9b6230814a12d0b0d", "text": "Schuylkill River The Schuylkill River ( -LSB- ˈskuːlkɪl -RSB- , locally -LSB- ` sku : kəl -RSB- ) is an important river running west to east in eastern Pennsylvania , which was improved by navigations into the Schuylkill Canal . Several of its tributaries drain major parts of the center-southern and easternmost Coal Regions in the state . Originating from waters in the Anthracite Coal Region , millions of tons of coal enabling the iron and steel based industries of America 's largest city of the day made their way down the waterway to make a great dent in the 19th-century 's energy needs . It flows for 135 mi before joining the Delaware River as one of its largest tributaries in Philadelphia . In 1682 William Penn chose the left bank of the confluence upon which he founded the planned city of Philadelphia on lands purchased from the native Delaware nation . It is a designated Pennsylvania Scenic River , and its whole length was once part of the Delaware people 's southern territories and the historic and economically impactful Schuylkill Canal . The waters of its upper end rise in what are justly called the richest anthracite coal fields in the world . The river 's watershed of about 2000 mi2 lies entirely within the state of Pennsylvania , the upper portions in the Ridge-and-valley Appalachian Mountains where the folding of the mountain ridges metamorphically modified bituminous into widespread anthracite deposits located north of the Blue Mountain barrier ridge . The source of its eastern branch is in lands now heavily mined situated one ridgeline south of Tuscarora Lake along a drainage divide from the Little Schuylkill about a mile east of the village of Tuscarora and about a mile west of Tamaqua , at Tuscarora Springs in Schuylkill County . The West Branch starts near Minersville and joins the eastern branch at the town of Schuylkill Haven . It then combines with the Little Schuylkill River downstream in the town of Port Clinton . The Tulpehocken Creek joins it at the western edge of Reading . Wissahickon Creek joins it in northwest Philadelphia . Other major tributaries include : Maiden Creek , Manatawny Creek , French Creek , and Perkiomen Creek . The Schuylkill joins the Delaware at the site of the former Philadelphia Navy Yard , now the Philadelphia Naval Business Center , just northeast of Philadelphia International Airport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f5da7c402231deab70670aedba00d87", "text": "Outline of Philadelphia The following outline of Philadelphia is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Philadelphia topics on Wikipedia . Philadelphia -- largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , the second largest city on the East Coast of the United States , and the fifth-most-populous city in the United States . It is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers , and it is the only consolidated city-county in Pennsylvania . As of the , the city had a population of 1,526,006 , growing to 1,547,607 in 2012 by Census estimates . Philadelphia is the economic and cultural center of the , home to over 6 million people and the country 's sixth-largest metropolitan area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79f0068a14518e18c13f48406ab3f252", "text": "Philadelphia Society The Philadelphia Society is a membership organization the purpose of which is `` to sponsor the interchange of ideas through discussion and writing , in the interest of deepening the intellectual foundation of a free and ordered society , and of broadening the understanding of its basic principles and traditions '' . The membership of the Society tends to be composed of persons holding conservative or libertarian political views , and many of those associated with the Society have exercised considerable influence over the development of the conservative movement in the United States . It was founded in 1964 by Donald Lipsett in conjunction with Bill Buckley , Milton Friedman , Frank Meyer , and Ed Feulner , and the former Presidents of the Society include Henry Regnery , Edwin J. Feulner , Russell Kirk , Mel Bradford , Forrest McDonald , T. Kenneth Cribb , M. Stanton Evans , Ellis Sandoz , Edwin Meese , Claes G. Ryn , Midge Decter , Roger Ream , Steven F. Hayward , Lee Edwards , William F. Buckley , and George H. Nash . Notable speakers at past meetings of the Society have included Larry Arnhart , Andrew Bacevich , Wendell Berry , Robert Bork , Mel Bradford , Warren T. Brookes , William F. Buckley , Vladimir Bukovsky , Ronald Coase , T. Kenneth Cribb , Midge Decter , M. Stanton Evans , Edwin J. Feulner , Milton Friedman , George Gilder , Victor Davis Hanson , William Hague , S. I. Hayakawa , Friedrich von Hayek , Henry Hazlitt , W.H. Hutt , Herman Kahn , Russell Kirk , Irving Kristol , Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn , Forrest McDonald , Edwin Meese , Frank Meyer , Charles Murray , Robert Nisbet , Michael Novak , Richard Pipes , Norman Podhoretz , Henry Regnery , William A. Rusher , Paul Ryan , Ellis Sandoz , Shelby Steele , George J. Stigler , Terry Teachout , Edward H. Teller , and Eric Voegelin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4dc85728dca63d89af5fc3390ac07071", "text": "Port of Pittsburgh The Port of Pittsburgh is a vast river traffic region that encompasses a twelve county area including Allegheny , Armstrong , Beaver , Blair , Butler , Clarion , Fayette , Greene , Indiana , Lawrence , Washington , and Westmoreland Counties , essentially all 200 miles of commercially navigable waterways in southwestern Pennsylvania . It includes the three major rivers in southwestern Pennsylvania : the Allegheny , the Monongahela , and the Ohio . This waterway is made navigable by a system of seventeen locks and dams . The Port of Pittsburgh supports over 200 river terminals and barge industry service suppliers , including privately owned public river terminals . The Port complex is served by the CSX and Norfolk Southern railroads and by four interstate highways . The Port of Pittsburgh Commission acts as a comprehensive service for shippers and industries seeking information on the river system . Unlike the Port of Miami , for example , the Port of Pittsburgh , does not refer to a specific geographic location but to the broader geographical context under which the Pittsburgh port industry conducts its broad scope of activity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e0de8a24722346f06160b68a541112d", "text": "Central Market (Lancaster) Central Market , also known as Lancaster Central Market , is a historic public market located in Penn Square , in downtown Lancaster , Pennsylvania . Until 2005 , the market was the oldest municipally-operated market in the United States . The Central Market comprises approximately 60 vendors who principally sell foodstuffs -- fresh fruits and produce , meats , cheeses , fish and seafood and baked goods -- and flowers . Products for sale come from Amish , Pennsylvania Dutch , German , Greek , Caribbean , Middle Eastern , and Slavic origins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e39105f6abf1c8c5a0d5e3f9e164b54a", "text": "Blue Bell, Pennsylvania Blue Bell is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Whitpain Township in Montgomery County , Pennsylvania , in the United States . As of the 2010 census , its population was 6,067 . Blue Bell was originally known as Pigeontown , after the large flocks of the now-extinct passenger pigeons that once gathered there . The town was renamed in 1840 after the historically prominent Blue Bell Inn . Blue Bell is known for its large executive-style homes , major business parks , community shopping facilities , and small businesses . It is one of the most affluent areas outside of the Main Line communities in the Philadelphia area . In July 2005 , Money magazine ranked Blue Bell 14th on its list of the `` 100 Best Places to Live in the United States '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "402aee557751628b5400f65a23ff5280", "text": "Philadelphia lawyer Philadelphia Lawyer is a term to describe a lawyer who knows the most detailed and minute points of law or is an exceptionally competent lawyer . Its first known usage dates back to 1788 . Alternatively , a usage dating to the second half of the 20th century denotes `` the ultimate in crooked lawyers '' . Philadelphia-based Colonial American lawyer Andrew Hamilton , a lawyer best known for his legal victory on behalf of printer and newspaper publisher John Peter Zenger , is believed to have inspired the `` Philadelphia lawyer '' term . This 1735 decision helped to establish that truth is a defense to an accusation of libel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f6fc2928e873ac3455a301f8b1dbb00", "text": "Philadelphia English Philadelphia English is a variety or dialect of American English native to Philadelphia and extending into Philadelphia 's suburbs in the Delaware Valley and South Jersey . The Philadelphia accent is one of the best-studied , as Philadelphia 's University of Pennsylvania is the home institution of pioneering sociolinguist William Labov . Philadelphia English shares some distinct features with New York City English and Midland American English , although it is still its own very distinct dialect . However , the closest relative of the Philadelphia accent of the mid-twentieth century is the Baltimore accent , both of which constitute what Labov describes as a single `` Mid-Atlantic '' regional dialect . According to linguist Barbara Johnstone , migration patterns and geography affected the dialect 's development , which was especially influenced by immigrants from Northern England , Scotland , and Northern Ireland . The accent is commonly found within the Irish American and Italian American working class neighborhoods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2af0d585c8a2f3a594345218c89e272", "text": "Pennsylvania Hall Pennsylvania Hall may be : Pennsylvania Hall ( Philadelphia ) Pennsylvania Hall ( Gettysburg , Pennsylvania ) Pennsylvania Hall ( Pittsburgh ) Category : Architectural disambiguation pages", "title": "" }, { "docid": "167eba3bd1ed2e72df0649982a6d5af2", "text": "Interstate 476 Interstate 476 ( I-476 ) is a 132.1 mi auxiliary Interstate Highway in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania designated between Interstate 95 near Chester and Interstate 81 near Scranton , serving as the primary north -- south Interstate corridor through eastern Pennsylvania . It consists of both the 20 mi Mid-County Expressway , locally referred to as the `` Blue Route '' ( although no signs exist with that designation ) , through the suburban Philadelphia-area counties of Delaware and Montgomery , and the 110.6 mi Northeast Extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpike connecting the Philadelphia metropolitan area with the Lehigh Valley , the Poconos , and the Wyoming Valley . The Blue Route passes through suburban areas , while the Northeast Extension predominantly runs through rural areas of mountains and farmland , with development closer to Philadelphia and in the Lehigh Valley and the Wyoming Valley . I-476 intersects many major roads including Interstate 76 ( the Schuylkill Expressway ) in West Conshohocken , Interstate 276 ( the Pennsylvania Turnpike ) in Plymouth Meeting , U.S. Route 22 near Allentown , and Interstate 80 near Hickory Run State Park . While proposed as early as 1929 , the construction of the Mid-County Expressway did not begin until 1967 and was not completed until 1992 due to massive community and environmental opposition during the freeway revolts of the 1960s and 1970s , leading The Philadelphia Inquirer to dub it `` the most costly , most bitterly opposed highway in Pennsylvania history . '' In order to get the route through Delaware County , it was built with many environmental compromises such as a parkway design and four lanes south of the Pennsylvania Route 3 interchange . The Mid-County Expressway received its `` Blue Route '' nickname from the chosen route through Delaware County on planning maps on which it was differentiated from the other proposed routes by its color . Following the completion of the Mid-County Expressway , in 1996 the Interstate 476 designation was extended to include the entire length of the existing Northeast Extension , replacing PA 9 . The Northeast Extension was built between 1955 and 1957 and was originally projected to continue past Clarks Summit to the New York border ; however , I-81 was built between these two points instead . Since the extension , I-476 has been the longest auxiliary Interstate Highway in the United States ( surpassing Interstate 495 in Massachusetts ) , but it may someday be surpassed in length by Interstate 369 in Texas . In fact , it is longer than some mainline interstates ( such as Interstate 83 in Maryland and Pennsylvania , Interstate 99 in Pennsylvania , Interstate 12 in Louisiana , Interstate 19 in Arizona , Interstate 97 in Maryland , and Interstate 2 in Texas ) . Additionally , its numbering is unusual , since auxiliary interstates beginning in even numbers are typically bypasses or loops rather than spurs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84685defd07dd49b6d0630c2de26b338", "text": "Philadelphia Bulletin For the 2004 resurrection of the Bulletin , see The Bulletin ( newspaper ) . The Philadelphia Bulletin was a daily evening newspaper published from 1847 to 1982 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It was the largest circulation newspaper in Philadelphia for 76 years and was once the largest evening newspaper in the United States . Its widely known slogan was : `` In Philadelphia , nearly everybody reads The Bulletin . '' Describing the Bulletin 's style , publisher William L. McLean once said : `` I think the Bulletin operates on a principle which in the long run is unbeatable . This is that it enters the reader 's home as a guest . Therefore , it should behave as a guest , telling the news rather than shouting it . '' As Time magazine later noted : `` In its news columns , the Bulletin was solid if unspectacular . Local affairs were covered extensively , but politely . Muckraking was frowned upon . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b4fb9d95cefdad7bcf16f3fc0b808cd", "text": "Laurel Summit State Park Laurel Summit State Park is a 6 acre Pennsylvania state park in Cook Township , Westmoreland County , Pennsylvania in the United States . It is also a picnic area with a scenic view of Linn Run on the summit of Laurel Mountain . The temperatures at Laurel Summit State Park are generally several degrees cooler than the surrounding towns in the valleys . The elevation of the park is 2739 ft above sea level . The area in and surrounding Laurel Summit State Park is now a thriving second growth forest . One hundred years ago it was generally described as a `` waste land '' . The ridges of the Laurel Mountain had once been covered with old-growth forest . These forests were clear cut during the lumber era that swept over most of the mountains and forests of Pennsylvania during the mid-to-late 19th century and very early 20th century . The lumberman stripped the mountains . They took the logs to the sawmill where they were cut into lumber . Smaller logs were used to reinforce the mine shafts of the many coal mines throughout southwestern Pennsylvania and West Virginia . The bark of the hemlock tree was used as a source of tannin at the tanneries of the area . The only thing the lumbermen left behind was the treetops . These tree tops were left to dry . The passing steam locomotives of the Pittsburgh , Westmoreland and Somerset Railroad would ignite this dry brush causing massive wildfires that swept through the mountains and valleys . In 1909 , after the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania had purchased the land from the lumberman , Forester John R. Williams reported , `` I should say that fully three-fifths ( 60 % ) of the reserve had been burned since the lumbering was done . The fires did great damage to the young growth . Some places were covered with nothing but ferns and blackberry bushes . '' Scars from these fires can still be seen today in the Laurel Summit vicinity . Most of the wildlife in the area was devastated due to the destruction of their habitat or over hunting . White-tailed deer were imported from Michigan and New York to reestablish what had once been a thriving population of deer . These deer were released throughout Pennsylvania . The current population of deer in Pennsylvania are descended from the original stock that was introduced in 1910 after the lumberman had moved out of the area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93b4fd3401dac57df784d9c8f8e20700", "text": "List of tallest buildings in Philadelphia Philadelphia , the largest city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania , is home to 389 completed high-rises , 32 of which stand taller than 400 ft. The tallest building in the city is currently the 58-story Comcast Center , which rises 975 ft in Center City . Comcast Center is also the tallest building in Pennsylvania and the 20th-tallest building in the United States . The second-tallest building is One Liberty Place , which rises 61 floors and 945 ft. One Liberty Place stood as the tallest building in Pennsylvania for over 20 years until the completion of Comcast Center in 2008 . Overall , seven of the ten tallest buildings in Pennsylvania are in Philadelphia , with the remainder being in Pittsburgh . Philadelphia is one of only five American cities with two or more completed buildings over 900 ft tall . Philadelphia 's history of tall buildings is generally thought to have begun with the 1754 addition of the steeple to Christ Church , which was one of America 's first high-rise structures . Through most of the 20th century , a `` gentlemen 's agreement '' prevented buildings from rising higher than the 548-ft ( 167-m ) Philadelphia City Hall . Despite this , Philadelphia amassed a large collection of high-rise buildings . The completion of One Liberty Place in 1987 broke the agreement , and Philadelphia has since seen the construction of eight skyscrapers that eclipse City Hall in height . Philadelphia has twice held the tallest habitable building in North America , first with Christ Church , then with City Hall . The latter reigned as the world 's tallest building from 1894 to 1908 , and is currently the world 's second-tallest masonry building , only 1.6 ft shorter than Mole Antonelliana in Turin . Like other large American cities , Philadelphia went through a massive building boom in the 1970s and 1980s , resulting in the completion of over 20 high-rise buildings . , there are several major high-rise construction projects underway in Philadelphia . The largest of these projects is the Comcast Innovation and Technology Center , which began construction in 2014 and will rise 1121 ft upon completion . The Comcast Innovation and Technology Center will surpass Comcast Center by over 100 ft to become the tallest skyscraper in Pennsylvania and the tallest building in the country outside of New York and Chicago . __ TOC __", "title": "" } ]	fever
fc64ac4bae90815fdddd6414b65b93ea	Briana Banks was born in New York on May 21, 1978.	[ { "docid": "65a4347c1b6b012f81fb5975de0feca6", "text": "Briana Banks Briana Banks ( born May 21 , 1978 ) is the stage name of a German American pornographic actress and model . She is the Penthouse Pet of the Month for June 2001 .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "dde8acb6e212d0a4bd9807574ade6a16", "text": "New York Journal of Books New York Journal of Books ( NYJB ) is a free online book review site established in 2009 . New York Journal of Books was founded by Ted Sturtz and its publisher is Lisa Rojany Buccieri . Its reviewers are largely traditionally published authors , but also include unpublished professionals who review books in their areas of expertise . NYJB 's reviewers have included National Book Award finalist , Beth Kephart ; author William Martin ( novelist ) ; Pulitzer-winning journalist and author William Dietric ; romance novelist Eloisa James ; Aphrodite Jones , Jon Land ; and Sam Millar ; and others . According to the website , `` The publication of a book is like the proverbial silent tree falling in the forest ... and the reviewer 's job is to tell the world . '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d8d499198fe25b1cd5c2176ce341371", "text": "Poets House Poets House is a national literary center and poetry library based in New York City . With more than 60,000 volumes of poetry , the library is the premier independent poetry library in the United States . It is free and open to the public . Founded in 1985 by the late Stanley Kunitz , two-time poet laureate of the United States , and arts administrator Elizabeth Kray , Poets House contains virtually all poetry books published in the U.S. since 1990 , plus many that are long out of print dating to the early 20th Century . It also contains literary journals and chapbooks ( small , self-published books of poetry ) , and many audiotapes , videotapes , CDs , and DVDs of poetry readings from the mid-twentieth century through today . Visitors to Poets House can hear the voices of Walt Whitman , E. E. Cummings , William Carlos Williams , Sylvia Plath and hundreds of other poets . Every year , Poets House hosts the Poets House Showcase , which gathers and displays every book of poetry published in the United States in the preceding year . Poets House also curates and presents hundreds of readings , lectures , panels , symposiums and performances each year . In 1996 , the literary newspaper Poetry Flash called Poets House `` The House That Holds A Country , '' a reference to its dedication to being a caretaker of the nation 's poetic heritage . In 2005 , it was among 406 New York City arts and social service institutions to receive part of a $ 20 million grant from the Carnegie Corporation , which was made possible through a donation by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg . In 2009 , Poets House moved from its longstanding location in SoHo to an eco-friendly `` green '' building at Ten River Terrace in Lower Manhattan 's Battery Park City . With a long-term lease ( until 2069 ) awarded by the Battery Park City Authority , Poets House has a permanent home for its collection . This new home for Poets House , with interiors designed by architect Louise Braverman , is on two floors covering 11000 sqft with a large children 's room , an exhibition space , a reading room and library , and a program hall that opens onto an extension of Teardrop Park . With views of the Hudson River and the Statue of Liberty , the new Poets House is bordered by Nelson A Rockefeller Park and is in walking distance of numerous subway and bus lines as well as the Port Authority Ferry Terminal at the World Financial Center . A public grand opening of the new facility took place on September 25 and 26 of 2009 . `` For nearly 25 years Poets House has been an anchor for poets and poetry lovers , '' noted Robin Pogrebin in the New York Times . Poets House is free and open to the public . Library hours are Tuesday-Friday , 11am to 7pm , and Saturdays , 11am to 6pm . The Children 's Room is open 11am to 3pm .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c547ef15644e7ee9f9a6ccca2554b1dc", "text": "Dennis Banks Dennis Banks ( born April 12 , 1937 ) , a Native American leader , teacher , lecturer , activist and author , is an Anishinaabe born on Leech Lake Indian Reservation in northern Minnesota . Banks is also known as Nowa Cumig ( Naawakamig in the Double Vowel System ) . His name in the Ojibwe language means `` In the Center of the Universe . '' He has been a longtime leader of the American Indian Movement , which he co-founded in 1968 with Native Americans in Minneapolis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "750a87228e3493027ef7f263288ee0ea", "text": "200 Central Park South 200 Central Park South is a Modern-style building on the south side of Central Park in New York City , at the corner of 7th Avenue and Central Park South ( 59th Street ) . It is most notable for its curving facade , banded by balconies . Its exterior is beige brick and glass . It is across from a major pedestrian and vehicle entrance into Central Park , known as the `` Merchant 's Gate '' . This full service building was built post-war in 1963 by Bernard Spitzer and Melvin Lipman . It was designed by Wechsler & Schimenti . This building is highly recognizable in New York City photographs , most notably for its curved facade . The building is lined with terraces that taper in , then curve , and taper out as they wrap around the two faces of the building . Morris Lapidus 's Fontainebleau Hotel ( 1954 ) `` The curved base of this 35-story modernist residential tower , built 1963 , allows more apartments to have park views . '' The building 's design was explained by Robert A. M. Stern , Thomas Mellins and David Fishman in their book , New York 1960 , Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial , as `` a kind of aggressive , self-referential Modernism that had hitherto been largely absent from Manhattan . '' As of 2016 it is a full-service residential co-op apartment building . This Midtown West building currently has 309 apartments spanning 34 floors . Amenities for its residents include a roof deck , elevator operators , maid service , valet , garage , and concierge . In 2016 , it is rated as the # 2 co-op building in Midtown , and # 13 in Manhattan , according to . An interesting fact is that most passersby think it is a 21-story building , and are unaware of its tower , setback , which brings it up 14 more floors . Spritzer reportedly got the idea for the famous curve from the curve drawn by a pencil thrown in frustration . Its tapered balconies have been said to give it a Barcelona feel . It was built in 1963 , not 1965 , according to some websites . Horsley asserts it resembles the Fontainebleau Hotel ( 1954 ) , in Miami , designed by Morris Lapidus . Residents have included : Raquel Welch Dino De Laurentiis Across Seventh Avenue is the New York Athletic Club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f692c6230916697ddbc3bbbb6ee1cadd", "text": "New York: A Love Story New York : A Love Story is the debut studio album by American R&B singer Mack Wilds . It was released on September 30 , 2013 , by Louder Than Life and RED Distribution . The album features guest appearances from Method Man , Raekwon and Doug E. Fresh . The album was nominated for Best Urban Contemporary Album at the 56th Grammy Awards , which was held on January 26 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d19d4148d9edc6189e0155393a9a6e8", "text": "New York Savings Bank The New York Savings Bank building in Manhattan was built in 1896 by Robert Henderson Robertson with George Provot , and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 7 , 2000 . From 1992 until 2004 , the building became a branch of Central Rug & Carpet Mart owned by the Itzhak Timianko and Samuel Longwill . In 2005 it became a Balducci 's food market . In April 2010 The New York Savings Bank name , which had been covered over , was again visible , but by 2011 it was supplanted by the CVS pharmacy name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04b138db704e979e20502f8ba2ea9289", "text": "Top Model Top Model or Next Top Model is a fashion-themed reality television show format produced in many countries throughout the world and seen in over 120 countries producing over 200 seasons ( referred to as `` cycles '' ) . The show takes the form of a modeling competition whose winners typically receive a contract with a major modeling agency and a cover shoot and fashion photo spread in a fashion magazine . The format was created by Tyra Banks for the original series , America 's Next Top Model which was first aired in 2003 , produced by Ken Mok 's 10 by 10 Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb40181a5780d247de3f3a6a9cbfc987", "text": "Astoria Bank Astoria Bank ( formerly Astoria Federal Savings & Loan Association ) is a bank based in Long Island City , New York . Astoria Financial Corporation is the holding company formed in 1993 to facilitate the conversion of Astoria Federal Savings and Loan Association from a mutual form of ownership to stock ownership . Astoria Financial Corporation , with assets of $ 16.5 billion , is the holding company for Astoria Federal Savings and Loan Association . Established in 1888 , Astoria Federal , with deposits in New York totaling $ 10.4 billion , is the largest thrift depository in New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e0c34a667cf6f1a80bb2dd6bc5f8bdd", "text": "Sybil Temtchine Sybil Temchen ( born Sybil Josie Temtchine on June 7 , 1979 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7b2a07b65aa240879d3bad1c7006e8c", "text": "Karyn Parsons Karyn Parsons -- Rockwell ( born October 8 , 1966 ) is an American actress , best known for her role as Hilary Banks on the NBC sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air which ran from 1990 -- 96 . She also starred in the 1995 film Major Payne playing opposite Damon Wayans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4107fa2fca7bbbe157d83b5a500e0ae", "text": "Jenny Burton Jenny Burton ( born November 18 , 1957 , New York ) , is an American female R&B singer who had several hits on the US Billboard dance chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b9fbcf749895be1b66c5bbca75ece00", "text": "Brooklyn Community Board 9 Brooklyn Community Board 9 is a New York City community board that encompasses the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Crown Heights , Prospect Lefferts Gardens , and Wingate . It is delimited by Ocean Avenue and Flatbush Avenue on the west , Eastern Parkway on the north , Rochester , East New York and Utica Avenues on the east , as well as by Clarkson Avenue on the south . Its former acting chairperson Laura Imperiale , and district manager Pearl R. Miles . Miles were accused of `` doing things without involving the community , '' per another community leader . As of the 2000 US Census , the Community Board oversaw a population of 104,014 , down from 110,715 in 1990 but up from 96,667 in 1980 . Of them ( as of 2000 ) , 79,466 ( 76.4 % ) are African-American , 11,733 ( 11.3 % ) are White non Hispanic , 8,581 ( 8.2 % ) of Hispanic origins , 2,416 ( 2.3 % ) of two or more race , 819 ( 0.8 % ) Asian or Pacific Islander , 816 ( 0.8 % ) of some other race , and 183 ( 0.2 % ) American Indian or Native Alaskan , . 36.4 % of the population benefit from public assistance as of 2004 , up from 20.8 % in 2000 . The land area is 1002.7 acre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e946a568b30ff0ba85f52fad338f29ea", "text": "Jennifer Young Jennifer Young ( born August 21 , 1969 ) is an American film producer and photographer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70bc76ed4714054f68c5032586608f59", "text": "United States v. Vampire Nation United States v. Vampire Nation , 451 F. 3d 189 , is a 2006 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit regarding the Federal Sentencing Guidelines and asset forfeiture . A three-judge panel unanimously affirmed the conviction and sentence of Frederick Banks , a Pittsburgh man , on numerous felony charges resulting from fraudulent schemes carried out over the Internet . The case takes its title , which has been singled out as memorable and included among lists of amusingly titled cases , from one of Banks ' aliases , an electronic music group of which he was the sole regular member . He had filed the appeal under that name while representing himself . Banks had been offering discounted versions of Microsoft software online under different names as an Amazon.com reseller . His products were either pirated or deficient , costing some customers thousands of dollars , and eventually one complained to the FBI , who arrested Banks after a short investigation . At trial a jury convicted him of mail fraud , criminal copyright infringement and several other charges . The judge sentenced Banks to five years in prison , varying the sentence upward by three months from the maximum range specified by the sentencing guidelines . An in personam criminal forfeiture judgment was also entered against him . Banks appealed to the Third Circuit , citing those among seven possible grounds for reversing the conviction . Foremost among them , he argued that notice of the possibility of variance was required prior to the sentencing and that the district court lacked the statutory authority to order the criminal forfeiture . Judge Franklin Van Antwerpen wrote for the panel , which ruled for the government on all the issues . Other circuits had ruled on the variance issue , and he joined four of them in holding that Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32 ( h ) , which required a court to notify lawyers in advance of a contemplated departure , did not impose the same requirement on a variance . The forfeiture was likewise permitted since the mail fraud statute provided for civil forfeiture and , while it explicitly provided for criminal forfeiture only in cases where a financial institution was victimized , he did not find that Congress intended to limit it only to those cases via `` a chain of cross-references . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62f7cf529fa46dddf7f8bd97345e0aaa", "text": "America's Next Top Model (cycle 20) The twentieth cycle of America 's Next Top Model ( subtitled as America 's Next Top Model : Guys & Girls and stylized as ANTM 2.0 ) premiered on August 2 , 2013 . It is the 14th season to air on The CW . Tyra Banks , Kelly Cutrone , Bryanboy , and Rob Evans all returned as judges . As in the previous cycle , public voting is still a factor in eliminations . The catchphrase for this cycle is `` Who Will Dominate ? '' . This is the only cycle of America 's Next Top Model to include more than 14 contestants , as well as the first cycle to feature male contestants . This is also the first cycle to have more than 13 episodes . The international destination for this cycle was Bali , Indonesia . The winner was 19-year-old Jourdan Miller from Bend , Oregon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a51bf42cfa94c3d0fbf97c2b79fccb15", "text": "Kadar Brock Kadar Brock ( born May 28 , 1980 ) is a contemporary abstract artist . He graduated in 2002 with a BFA from Cooper Union School of Art in New York City . He lives and works in Brooklyn , New York . Pictures of Brock 's work were shown in W Magazine . The New York Times wrote a short piece about a show he was in . A picture of his arts was used as an example by Bloomberg News . ArtForum wrote a brief piece about his work . Cultured Magazine and Interview Magazine wrote about him . He has exhibited in Tokyo , London , Brussels , Milan , Berlin , Miami , and New York , and is represented by Vigo Gallery , London , and Patron , Chicago .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "088cb32deadfe1f8dc6f2a86e30d9a2a", "text": "Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic At his death in 1927 , Payne Whitney bestowed the funds to build and endow the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic ( PWC ) on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . An eight story free-standing hospital , it was immediately affiliated with Cornell University 's medical school ( now Weill Cornell Medical College or Weill Cornell Medicine ) and with the New York Hospital ( now New York -- Presbyterian Hospital ) , both of which are adjacent to PWC . Payne Whitney was a large donor to the Hospital and Medical College , and it has been an issue of long speculation why he chose a psychiatric building to be his primary naming opportunity at New York-Cornell . The poet Robert Lowell wrote of his hospitalization at Payne Whitney , Marilyn Monroe was hospitalized there in early 1961 , and Mary McCarthy based her book , The Group , on her inpatient experience . The poet James Schuyler wrote about his experiences there in the eleven-poem series `` The Payne Whitney Poems '' which appeared in the New York Review of Books , August 17 , 1978 issue . In Woody Allen 's 1979 film , Manhattan , a character named Caroline Payne Whitney Smith is featured in a comedy sketch , where she and her husband are considered `` normal folks , '' except for the fact that she is a catatonic . The Payne Whitney building itself was torn down in the early 1990s to make way for an expansion of the New York-Presbyterian Hospital over the FDR Drive . Since that time , all clinical and research services at the two primary Cornell psychiatric campuses -- in Manhattan and in White Plains , New York -- have been named after Payne Whitney . The clinic also has an outpatient and Continuing Day Treatment Program in an off-campus building at East 61st Street and York Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . Payne Whitney Clinic and Weill Cornell Medical College have been home to some of the most notable psychiatrists in the country . Currently-affiliated psychiatrists and psychologists include Jack Barchas , Robert Michels , Otto F. Kernberg , James Kocsis , George Makari , Michael Posner , William Breitbart , and Theodore Shapiro . Previously-affiliated psychiatrists include Arnold Cooper , Frederic Flach , Benjamin Spock , Gerald Klerman , Robert Millman , Louis Jolyon West , David Silbersweig , Harry Tiebout , Mary Jane Sherfey , Helen Singer Kaplan , Allen Frances , and Paul McHugh . Payne Whitney has also been the `` voluntary faculty '' home to Roy Schafer , Richard Isay , Gail Saltz , and Daniel Stern , and the recent home of such senior scholars as David A. Hamburg and Beatrix Hamburg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363a73dbaeef6dfc303756bb2e521ebc", "text": "Barely Legal (Banksy) '' ` Barely Legal '' was a show by graffiti artist Banksy , held in an industrial warehouse in Los Angeles , California in 2006 . The free show was held over the weekend of the 16th September 2006 . Part of the exhibition was a 37-year old Indian elephant which was painted to match the wallpaper in the room it was placed . As the show was meant to address important issues such as poverty , which is ignored by most people , the animal refers to the metaphor of the elephant in the room . While in Los Angeles the artist also targeted Disneyland in Anaheim , where he left a figure dressed up as a prisoner from the Guantanamo Bay detention camp behind on one of the rides . Meant to draw attention to the situation in the camp , where several months earlier three inmates had committed suicide , it was taken down after approximately 90 minutes . A video of the artist placing the figure in the theme park could also be seen at the exhibition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31f53bcee6e66fc8a2ac25b48fc84775", "text": "John Bakel John Bakel ( born October 14 , 1972 in New York ) is a New York fashion designer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea470aaa791186bf43ca26086f4c67cd", "text": "Hannah Friedman Hannah Friedman ( born September 29 , 1986 ) is a writer , director , and musician from New York .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6d525dc2d68097c4a634b1f620ad4890	In Her Shoes was released in 2015.	[ { "docid": "d3a2a73471cb68a2c690d2954fea9164", "text": "In Her Shoes (film) In Her Shoes is a 2005 American comedy-drama film based on the novel of the same name by Jennifer Weiner . It is directed by Curtis Hanson with an adapted screenplay by Susannah Grant and stars Cameron Diaz , Toni Collette , and Shirley MacLaine . The film focuses on the relationship between two sisters and their grandmother .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "e24c509786483937159a57eb39113ef9", "text": "Ladies & Gentlemen (2015 film) Ladies & Gentlemen is a 2015 Telugu film written and directed by P. B. Manjunath , who makes his directorial debut . An anthology film , it features an ensemble cast including Chaitanya Krishna , Adivi Sesh , Kamal Kamaraju , Mahat Raghavendra , Nikitha Narayan , Swathi Deekshith and Jasmin Bhasin . The film , produced by director Madhura Sreedhar Reddy along with MVK Reddy , released on 30 January 2015 to positive response .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eeeb54dcade38be4c3e3da4b6cad4ece", "text": "Breathe In. Breathe Out. Breathe In . Breathe Out . is the fifth studio album by American singer Hilary Duff . It was released on June 12 , 2015 , by RCA Records . It is the first studio album released by Duff in eight years , since 2007 's Dignity . Duff began work on the album in January 2012 , but after scrapping the songs she recorded , she resumed the sessions in September 2013 , continuing throughout 2014 and 2015 . After being signed to RCA Records in 2014 , she released the singles , `` Chasing the Sun '' and `` All About You '' . She later recorded more songs in Sweden in February 2015 , and released the single , `` Sparks '' . The resulting album from the various recording sessions has combined Duff 's dance-pop sound with EDM and folk-pop elements . The album received generally positive reviews from music critics , praising the album 's production quality and the mix of genres on the record . The album debuted at number five on the Billboard 200 chart , making it her fifth top-five entry . It achieved top 5 positions too in Australia and Canada . The album also marked a few milestones in Duff 's comeback to music with the single `` All About You '' being her first top 20 hit in Australia in nearly ten years , and the single `` Sparks '' became her first top ten hit on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart since 2008 's `` Reach Out '' , her fourth top ten entry , and her fifth single to chart there overall . Lead single `` Chasing the Sun '' was also Duff 's first single to chart on the Billboard Hot 100 chart since `` Stranger '' was released in 2007 . Duff worked with a number of famous singers and songwriters . She teamed up with English singer Ed Sheeran for the track `` Tattoo '' and with Tove Lo for the single `` Sparks '' , apart from working with Matthew Koma for the title track among others . She also teamed up with fellow long time collaborator Kara DioGuardi for the track `` Rebel Hearts '' . Duff promoted Breathe In . Breathe Out . only by appearances on television talkshows and through radio interviews , as she confirmed in 2016 that she would not be touring in support of the album despite initial plans to do so .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "744bb3c02c4f9c092d24d678ca402d4d", "text": "September (2008 album) September is the first compilation album by Swedish singer September . The album is a compilation of tracks from her second and third European studio albums , titled In Orbit and Dancing Shoes , respectively , but not from her original , 2004 album , September '' . The album was the first album by September to be released in the United States , Canada and Australasia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550b03f30e1cd9fd3c28ba887f647f21", "text": "Si accettano miracoli Si accettano miracoli is a 2015 Italian comedy film directed by Alessandro Siani ( it ) . The film was released on January 1 , 2015 to generally positive reviews and favorable responses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95364dac0d0fa0d3cb960e669b67a7e0", "text": "List of songs recorded by Haley Reinhart American singer and songwriter Haley Reinhart has released two studio albums , 1 extended play , 5 singles ( including two promotional singles ) , and has made 12 appearances as featured or guest vocalist , most notably for her role as a recurring performer with the jazz collective Postmodern Jukebox . Reinhart 's debut studio album , Listen Up ! was released on May 22 , 2012 , following the release of the lead single `` Free '' . The album debuted at number 17 on the Billboard 200 and has sold 77,000 units as of 2016 . After being dropped by her label , Interscope at the end of 2012 , Reinhart independently released the single `` Show Me Your Moves '' in 2014 , with the help of crowdfunding website Indiegogo . Her second studio album , Better followed in 2016 , being released on April 29 . It was funded with the help of ole Management Company , and red dot , who served as the publishers for this independent album release . The album debut at number 22 on the Independent Albums chart , selling approximately 7,500 units in its first two weeks of release . Better spawned the lead single , `` Better '' , as well as Reinhart 's most successful single release to date , a cover of the Elvis classic `` Ca n't Help Falling in Love '' which served as the first promotional single for the album . The single rose in popularity after being used in an Extra gum commercial that became a viral sensation online . The single has since peaked at number 16 on the US AC chart , selling approximately 250,000 units as of October 2016 , and having been streamed more than 32,000,000 times on Spotify , making it her most streamed single through the streaming service . Reinhart has also seen success on the Jazz Digital charts with her releases as part of Postmodern Jukebox . 6 of the 8 singles released with the band have charted in the top 20 , including her most successful single , a remake of Radiohead 's `` Creep '' , which peaked at number 1 on the chart dated May 25 , 2015 , and has appeared on the chart for 58 consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e910851d910b6545a85b8c36f872d43", "text": "Relationship Dilemma Relationship Dilemma is a 2015 Chinese romance film directed by Yang Xiaoxin . It was released on May 8 , 2015 in China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9698c8afc2d38e4e85cec090cfa3b971", "text": "Heart for Heaven Heart for Heaven is a 2015 Chinese comedy film directed by Zhang Cheng . It was released in China on December 31 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c7af7f764dcd430f6288eb813736ee8", "text": "Hunx and His Punx Hunx and His Punx is an American punk band from San Francisco , California . Hunx , real name Seth Bogart , started the band in 2008 after years of performing in a gay pop group called Gravy Train !!!! The group 's sound has been compared to girl groups and is a mix of punk and bubblegum music . The band played its first national tour of the United States alongside Jay Reatard and Nobunny in 2009 . The band officially released its debut singles compilation album Gay Singles in 2010 on True Panther Sounds in the US and Born Bad in France . Hunx used to co-own ` Down At Lulu 's ' , a hair salon in Oakland , California , but sold it in 2011 . In January 2010 , Hunx began a tour featuring an all-girl backing band . The new line-up has been identified on the tour and in new songs such as `` Lovers Lane '' as Hunx and His Punkettes . In March 2010 , the band played in a tribute concert for the recently deceased Jay Reatard . In May 2010 , LensCrafters began airing a commercial featuring a short audio clip of `` Gimmie Gimmie Back Your Love . '' In October 2010 , Hunx and His Punx signed to Hardly Art . The band 's debut album for the label , Too Young to Be in Love , was released in April 2011 . It was produced in New York City by Ivan Julian of Richard Hell and The Voidoids . In June 2011 , Hunx announced that they would be playing their last show with the `` Punkettes '' due to Hunx and His Punx guitarists Amy Blaustein and Michelle Santamaria quitting . He then moved to Los Angeles . In February 2012 , Hunx released a solo album titled Hairdresser Blues on Hardly Art . In 2016 , he released his second solo album Seth Bogart under his birth name on Burger , featuring collaborations from Kathleen Hanna and Tavi Gevinson . Hunx and His Punx now consists of Seth Bogart , Shannon Shaw and Erin Emslie . They released Street Punk in 2013 and toured with a new guitarist Nik Johnson . In 2014 they released a greatest hits for their Japan Leg of Street Punk tour . Seth Bogart has since opened his own clothing line called Wacky Wacko that has been seen on some of his idols Miley Cyrus and Kathleen Hanna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5824a4659ebb05a212bee7481fd08cfd", "text": "Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz is the fifth studio album by American singer Miley Cyrus , which was independently released for free online streaming on SoundCloud on August 30 , 2015 . Opting for an album relying less on computerized elements than her previous release , Bangerz ( 2013 ) , Cyrus began planning the project in 2013 before Bangerz was released . Work continued into 2014 and 2015 , when she befriended and began collaborating with the Flaming Lips . In addition to the psychedelic rock band , Cyrus worked with producers Mike Will Made It and Oren Yoel ( with whom she had collaborated on Bangerz ) . The album features guest vocals by Big Sean ( who had appeared on Bangerz ) , Sarah Barthel of Phantogram and Ariel Pink . Without previous promotion , Cyrus announced that Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz was available for free online streaming when she hosted the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards , released independently . Critics were divided in their opinions of the album ; some applauded Cyrus ' ambition and experimentation , and others considered its production and overall finish lacking . Cyrus has promoted the album with music videos for `` Dooo It ! '' , `` Lighter '' and `` BB Talk '' , performances of `` Karen Do n't Be Sad '' and `` Twinkle Song '' when she hosted Saturday Night Live , and the Milky Milky Milk Tour in November and December 2015 . On April 10 , 2017 , the album was released commercially on iTunes and other streaming platforms through RCA Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "016eb19311ec7d3062565b85645d4553", "text": "Romance Out of the Blue Romance Out of the Blue is a 2015 Chinese romantic comedy film directed by Ning Ying . The film was released on October 23 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3eed8de70346eb591a5d87930aec40", "text": "Deep in the Wood Deep in the Wood ( In fondo al bosco -LSB- iɱ ˈfondo al ˈbosko -RSB- ) is a 2015 thriller-drama film written and directed by Stefano Lodovichi and starring Filippo Nigro and Camilla Filippi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89dcb38a895546105dad553746d456c8", "text": "Cipele (Nina Badrić song) Cipele '' ( Shoes ) is a song recorded by Croatian pop recording artist Nina Badrić . It was self-released 22 October 2015 . The song was written by Nina Badrić and Alan Hržica . It was produced and recorded in Zagreb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61fce6826d53c24c7eab04627c596e85", "text": "Speedin' Bullet 2 Heaven Speedin ' Bullet 2 Heaven is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Kid Cudi . The album was released on December 4 , 2015 , through Republic Records and Cudi 's Wicked Awesome Records imprint . The album is a complete departure from his previous projects , excluding WZRD , a 2012 collaborative effort which was his first venture into rock music . Inspired by the 1990 's indie music scene , Cudi included commissioned skits featuring Mike Judge voicing the title characters of his 90 's animated sitcom , Beavis and Butt-Head . Speedin ' Bullet 2 Heaven , described by Cudi as alternative music , is the follow-up to his 2014 digital release , Satellite Flight : The Journey to Mother Moon . Serving as a double disc effort , the album comes with 26 tracks in total , with the actual album on Side A containing 18 , while Side B is composed of eight tracks , which are mostly demos and outtakes . The album , primarily produced by Cudi himself , was supported by two official singles , `` Confused ! '' and the title track `` Speedin ' Bullet 2 Heaven '' . In support of the album , Kid Cudi embarked on a national concert tour , which he called `` The Especial Tour '' . The album received mixed to negative reviews from critics and charted at number 36 on the US Billboard 200 , becoming Cudi 's lowest-charting album to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eb4307d648799437a9168f8e7a68c8b", "text": "Somewhere Amazing Somewhere Amazing ( In un posto bellissimo ) is a 2015 Italian drama film written and directed by Giorgia Cecere and starring Isabella Ragonese and Alessio Boni .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78c16d4d649e4e21050d9db33ab9871a", "text": "C'est si bon (film) C'est si bon is a 2015 South Korean musical drama film written and directed by Kim Hyun-seok . It was released on February 5 , 2015 . C'est si bon ( French for `` It 's so good '' ) was a legendary , real-life acoustic music lounge in the 1970s located in Mugyo-dong , Seoul . It was very popular with Koreans in their twenties and thirties , who went there to listen to live music performed by some of the most talented young musicians of the era . Among them was the folk music duo Twin Folio composed of Yoon Hyung-joo and Song Chang-sik ; this film depicts the band 's beginnings while including a fictional third member , Oh Geun-tae .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f68f67859e10a9e623fb0279d06c4298", "text": "You're My Boss You 're My Boss is a 2015 Filipino romantic comedy film written and directed by Antoinette Jadaone starring Toni Gonzaga and Coco Martin . It was released on April 4 , 2015 , by Star Cinema .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1205c92aa6005c32c5a88d8908c9903", "text": "The Magic Shoes The Magic Shoes is a 1935 Australian short film based on the fairy tale Cinderella . It features the first screen performance by Peter Finch and Helen Hughes , daughter of former Prime Minister William Hughes and was the first dramatised movie to be shot at the National Studios , built to make The Flying Doctor ( 1936 ) . Today The Magic Shoes is considered a lost film . However 33 production and publicity stills relating to the film were discovered in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cff8118ee958b16e41f1f462751d498c", "text": "Shoes (Reparata song) `` Shoes '' is a 1975 single by Reparata .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96151784a4ed1f69c8ae663c8621fdfe", "text": "Charlie's Shoes `` Charlie 's Shoes '' , also known as '' ( I 'd Like to Be In ) Charlie 's Shoes '' , is a song written by Roy Baham released as a single in 1962 by Billy Walker . It was the only number-one country hit of Walker 's career , spending two non-consecutive weeks at the top spot and 23 weeks on the chart . Guy Mitchell also released a version in 1962 . It failed to make Me the Billboard Hot 100 stopping well outside the chart at # 110 . The song has also been cut by other artists such as Eddy Arnold 's version in 1962 and a cover by Faron Young .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "576767220a7a7999fa05b01cd54cab43", "text": "Aloha (film) Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by Cameron Crowe . The film , starring Bradley Cooper , Emma Stone , Rachel McAdams , Bill Murray , John Krasinski , Danny McBride , and Alec Baldwin , was released on May 29 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews from critics , and has grossed only $ 26 million against a budget of $ 37 million , making the film a box office bomb .", "title": "" } ]	fever
6f436cf3fcff5631f7b21d5ab211bcc1	Citadelle Laferrière is also known by another name.	[ { "docid": "ba11a43f28e2ffdb4982e084a37c932a", "text": "Citadelle Laferrière The Citadelle Laferrière or , Citadelle Henry Christophe , or simply the Citadelle ( Citadel ) , is a large mountaintop fortress in Nord , Haiti , located on top of the mountain Bonnet a L'Eveque , approximately 17 mi south of the city of Cap-Haïtien , 10 mi southwest of the Three Bays Protected Area , and 5 mi uphill from the town of Milot . It is one of the largest fortresses in the Americas and was designated by the United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) as a World Heritage Site in 1982 -- along with the nearby Sans-Souci Palace . The mountaintop fortress has itself become an icon of Haiti . The Citadel was built by Henri Christophe , a key leader during the Haitian slave rebellion ( 1791 -- 1804 ) , after Haiti gained independence from France at the beginning of the 19th century .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1389236cf3be5776fee16331ef624797", "text": "Counterguard The counterguard ( Kontergarde , contre-garde ) is an outwork in a bastioned fortification system that usually comprises only a low rampart and which is sited in front of the actual fortress moat that runs around the bastions or ravelins . The rampart way of a counterguard is , however , so constructed and at least wide enough that it enables the positioning of guns . An additional ditch in front of it guards the work from a frontal enemy assault . The function of counterguards was to protect the higher ravelin or bastion behind it from direct fire and to delay an attack on it as long as possible . So that the counterguards and the works that they were to protect , could not come under simultaneous fire along the line of the rampart they were not allowed to run parallel to one another . If such a rampart work was built for defending infantry alone , i.e. without artillery positions , it was called a couvreface .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba0401f8547013ea6b6a933b663a1be6", "text": "Antwerp Citadel Antwerp Citadel ( Castillo de Amberes , Kasteel van Antwerpen ) was a pentagonal bastion fort built to defend and dominate the city of Antwerp in the early stages of the Dutch Revolt . It has been described as `` doubtlesse the most matchlesse piece of modern Fortification in the World '' and as `` one of the most studied urban installations of the sixteenth century '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db53eb5791d1ac489b0c9e79d1c95804", "text": "Fortress Warsaw Fortress Warsaw may refer to : Warsaw Citadel - the main part of Russian fortifications in Warsaw built in the 19th century Warsaw Fortress - the 19th century Russian fortress built in Warsaw and area Festung Warschau - the German name for defended city of Warsaw during World War II", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f1e65292b2c754ce61a5f5aae579bb6", "text": "Engineering Arm The Engineering Arm , or l'arme du génie , is one of the arms of the French Army . The Engineering Arm 's soldiers are known as sappers ( sapeurs ) . Its soldiers in the Paris Fire Brigade are more specifically sapiers-pompiers , and those of the Civil Security Instruction and Intervention Units are more specifically sapeurs-sauveteurs . The Arm 's colours are red and black , and its patron saint is Saint Barbara . The Arm 's motto is `` Parfois détruire , souvent construire , toujours servir ! '' , meaning `` Sometimes to destroy , often to build , always to serve ! '' The Engineering Arm is divided into three main services : The Land Component of the Defence Infrastructure Service , Composante Terre du Service d'infrastructure de la Défense ( also known by its former title of the Engineering Service , le Service du Génie ) fulfils conventional engineering roles for the French military and ministry of Defence . This includes the Technical Service for Buildings , Fortifications and Works , Service technique des bâtiments , fortifications et travaux Combat Engineering Regiments maintained throughout the French Army , namely The 1st Foreign Engineering Regiment , 1er régiment étranger de génie , a Foreign Legion regiment based in Laudun-l'Ardoise The 2nd Foreign Engineering Regiment , 2e régiment étranger de génie , a Foreign Legion regiment based in Saint-Christol The 3rd Engineering Regiment , 3e régiment du génie , based in Charleville-Mézières , founded in 1814 . The 6th Engineering Regiment , 6e régiment du génie , based in Angers The 13th Engineering Regiment , 13e régiment du génie , based in Valdahon The 17th Engineering Parachute Regiment , 17e régiment du génie parachutiste , an elite unit based in Montauban The 19th Engineering Regiment , 19e régiment du génie , based in Besançon , which is descended from the Engineering Arm 's units in French Algeria and is currently responsible for railway-related combat engineering . The 31st Engineering Regiment , 31e régiment du génie , based in Castelsarrasin , which is descended from the Engineering Arm 's units in the French protectorate in Morocco Fire and rescue services , provided by `` Engineering Security '' ( sécurité du génie ) , which is composed of : the Paris Fire Brigade ( BSPP ) , consisting of 8,600 soldiers the Civil Security Military Formations Command ( Commandement des Formations Militaire de la Sécurité Civile ) which maintains three `` Civil Security Instruction and Intervention Units '' ( unités d'instruction et d'intervention de la sécurité civile , UIISC ) . These units have no territorial responsibilities and can be deployed on rescue missions in France or abroad at short notice . UIISC 1 and UIISC 7 are battalion-strength rapid reaction units , while UIISC 5 is of company strength and is primarily a training unit . In addition , the 25th Air Engineering Regiment ( 25e régiment du génie de l'air ) is shared between the army and air force . The regiment is specialised in building and maintaining air bases . The regiment is formally a part of the Engineering Arm , although it is operationally commanded by the air force . Category : French Army Category : Military fire departments", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62fb934f5c4a29633ec8119613893fb5", "text": "Canebière La Canebière is the historic high street in the old quarter of Marseille , France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c76c1e8b6e1ffc39ea2e64747922bf5", "text": "Palais de la Cité The Palais de la Cité , located on the Île de la Cité in the Seine River in the center of Paris , was the residence of the Kings of France from the sixth century until the 14th century . From the 14th century until the French Revolution , it was the headquarters of the French treasury , judicial system and the Parlement of Paris , an assembly of nobles . During the Revolution it served as a courthouse and prison , where Marie Antoinette and other prisoners were held and tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal . The palace was built and rebuilt over the course of six centuries ; the site is now largely occupied by the buildings of the 19th century Palais de Justice , but a few important vestiges remain ; the medieval lower hall of the Conciergerie , four towers along the Seine , and , mostly important , Sainte-Chapelle , the former chapel of the Palace , masterpiece of Gothic architecture . Both parts of the Conciergerie and Saint-Chapelle are classified as national historical monuments and can be visited , though most of the Palais de Justice is closed to the public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b48838fd709885c70731a3f4c80f71b", "text": "Tân Sở Tân Sở citadel was a secret military base in central Vietnam that was built in the 1880s . It was built up by Tôn Thất Thuyết , the regent of the Nguyễn Dynasty , in preparation for an uprising against French colonialism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62346734b77dc1c0da17e8c902bf64bf", "text": "Fort de Domont The Fort de Domont was built following the Franco-Prussian War to defend Paris . Located to the north of Paris in Domont , the fort was part of an outer ring of fortifications built in response to improvements in the range and effectiveness of artillery since the construction of the Thiers fortifications of the 1840s . It was built between 1875 and 1879 in accordance with improved principles of fortification developed for the Séré de Rivières system . Work on the fort began in 1874 and were completed in 1878 . The fort covered an area of 12 ha and its garrison comprised 1175 men and officers . The fort 's artillery fire supported its neighbors , the Fort de Montmorency and the Fort de Montlignon . The pentagonal fort was entered through the south side , facing Paris . It featured a double caponier on the point facing outward , and two flanking caponiers on the east and west sides . The fort 's main armament was a 155mm Mougin turret , added in 1884 . Other artillery on the firing terrace , or cavalier , was of 120mm and 95mm caliber . The fort 's artillery dominated the plains to the north , as well as the railway line to Pontoise . On 3 and 4 September 1914 , the fort fired on German scout parties in the vicinity of Luzarches , the only Parisian fortification to fire on Germans during World War I . The fort was occupied by German forces during World War II , who blew up the fort 's ammunition stockpile before evacuating on 26 August 1944 . The fort was used by the French Post ( PTT ) as an ionospheric research station during the 1950s , followed by the Ministry of Agriculture . The fort was briefly used by a private company for radiography work in the 1990s before it became a training center for the fire services in 1993 . It is now known as the Fort Domont Training Center ( `` Centre de Formation et d'entrainement , Fort de Domont '' ) . The center provides comprehensive training , including live fire exercises", "title": "" }, { "docid": "848f7a1b34aacd35240d16bc4a2ce058", "text": "La Romaine, Quebec La Romaine , also known as Unamenshipit in Innu-aimun , is an Innu First Nations reserve in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec , Canada , at the mouth of the Olomane River on the Gulf of Saint Lawrence . It belongs to the Innu band of Unamen Shipu . Being an enclave within the Municipality of Côte-Nord-du-Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent , it is geographically within Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality but administratively not part of it . Directly adjacent to the reserve is the community of La Romaine consisting of a small French-speaking population . La Romaine is only accessible by boat or via the La Romaine Airport . It is serviced by a nursing station , community radio station , arena , community and recreation centre , municipal water and sewer system , fire station , and an aboriginal police force . The name La Romaine is the French adaptation of the word Ulaman . Before its spelling was standardized , the place has also been called in times past : Fort Romaine , Olomanshibu , Olomenachibou , Ulimine , Ouromane , Olomanoshibou , Olomano , Romaine , La Romaine , Grande-Romaine , Gethsémani-d'Olumen , Gethsémani , Uanaman Hipiht , Ulamen Shipit , and Ulaman Shipu . These names applied sometimes to the old post , sometimes the village or the reserve , or sometimes to the river that flows through the place . Except for Gethsémani , all these variations have the same source : Unaman Shipu , from unaman meaning `` vermilion '' or `` red ochre '' , and shipu meaning `` river '' . Deposits of this material are found on the banks of the Olomane River .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9efc987f2f2d2731ef523e0cdc400b9", "text": "Salle du Manège The indoor riding academy called the Salle du Manège ( -LSB- sal dy manɛʒ -RSB- ) was the seat of deliberations during most of the French Revolution , from 1789 to 1798 . Before the revolution , the Salle du Manège ( `` Riding Hall '' ) , situated along the north end of the Tuileries Gardens to the west of the Tuileries Palace in Paris , was home to the royal equestrian academy . Built during the minority of Louis XV , when it lay conveniently close to the Regent 's Palais Royal , it was allowed to pass afterwards from hand to hand as the site of privately conducted riding schools , though it was never formally sold . On 9 November 1789 the National Constituent Assembly , formerly the Estates-General of 1789 , moved its deliberations from Versailles to the Tuileries in pursuit of Louis XVI of France and installed itself in the Salle du Manège on the palace grounds . Having nationalised the goods of the Church , the Assemblée nationale , requiring more space than the Manège alone could provide , extended its occupation to two adjacent convents , those of the Capuchins , which soon housed the Revolutionary printing presses in its former refectory , and of the Feuillants , whose handsome library received the archives of the Assemblée . The proportions of the Salle du Manège , ten times as long as it was wide , offered poor acoustics for the debates that went on continually under its high vaults . Six tiers of banquettes permitted space for the deputies , ranged on either side of the central tribune , initially planned for the orators ' podium . Seated together for solidarity , the deputies seated themselves according to their political opinions , to right and to left of the president 's desk , The Mountain and the Girondins , with The Plain seated in the lowest rank of banquettes , from which they were wont to cross to the opposite side , as their opinions dictated . The public found places to witness the spectacle at either end of the hall and in the loge seats above . In 1792 the Salle du Manège became the venue for the National Convention . In 1795 under the French Directory , the Council of 500 sat in the structure until the body moved to the Palais-Bourbon in 1798 . In 1799 , the Jacobin Club du Manège had its headquarters there . It would seem that 19th century references to the art of `` manège , '' to describe a style of equestrian riding , derive from here . A March 1847 edition of The Illustrated London News described a performance of Pablo Fanque , the 19th century equestrian and circus performer thus : `` This extraordinary feat of the manège has proved very attractive , as we anticipated in our Journal of last week ; and we have judged the success worthy of graphic commemoration ... '' Further , the paper said , `` Mr. Pablo has trained his black mare to do the most extraordinary feats of the manege , an art hitherto considered to belong only to the French and German professors of equitation , and her style certainly far exceeds anything that has ever yet been brought from the Continent . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7594c61d99c880491c1a8a337adc9d43", "text": "Rashaya Citadel The Rashaya Citadel or Citadel of Independence is a national monument , in Lebanon . It was built as a palace by the Shihab family in the 18th century , was used by the French Mandate , and is now stationed by the Lebanese Armed Forces . It is a tourist site that can be visited while under the army 's surveillance . The castle includes vaulted rooms and overlooks the historic mountain town .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4678f573137f95077bc01f602e895d00", "text": "Cavalier (fortification) A cavalier is a fortification which is built within a larger fortification , and which is higher than the rest of the work . It usually consists of a raised platform within a fort or bastion , so as to be able to fire over the main parapet without interfering with the fire of the latter . Through the use of cavaliers , a greater volume of fire can be obtained , but its great height also makes it an easy target for a besieger 's guns . There are two types of cavaliers : Common cavalier -- a raised gun platform without any additional defensive features Defensible cavalier -- a raised gun platform surrounded by a ditch . If the ditch cuts across the bastion 's terreplein and is supported by cuts , the cavalier can also be considered as a retrenchment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f67f02562f741dd5ed5ec30a54cd7f1c", "text": "Fort Rouge Fort Rouge ( French for `` Red Fort '' ) can refer to : Fort Rouge ( fortification ) , a fortification built on the Assiniboine River near the Forks Fort Rouge , Winnipeg , a city neighborhood in Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada Fort Rouge ( Manitoba riding ) , a provincial electoral district in Manitoba Agra Fort , a walled palatial city in India also known as the `` Red Fort ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c272fb5b5f3bfed6a4e4dc734de5fb2e", "text": "Chambre de bonne A chambre de bonne is a type of French apartment consisting of a single room in a middle-class house or apartment building . It is generally found on the top floor and only accessible by a staircase , sometimes a separate `` service staircase '' . Initially , these rooms were intended as the bedroom for one of the family 's domestics , and the name originates from the colloquial name for such maids : a `` bonne à tout faire '' . Today , chambres de bonne are usually the cheapest rung on the Parisian letting market , and are primarily rented by less well-off workers and students . They are also in high demand among workers who wish to maintain a small room or postal address in a big city , especially Paris . Due to the social level of the envisaged occupants , chambres de bonne are characterised by their tight proportions . The rooms usually have a surface area of around 6 -- 12 m2 , which is sometimes accentuated by being in a garret . They tend to offer minimal facilities : toilets are usually shared with the neighbouring rooms , and located on the landing . Chambres de bonne have nevertheless been the object of legislation to preserve their occupants ' quality of life and health . In the twentieth century , the French government stipulated that all rental properties must have a minimum surface area of 9 m2 , a volume of 20 m3 , and openings ( windows , doors , etc. ) equivalent to an eighth of the surface area . In recent years , landlords have attempted to rebrand their chambres de bonne by advertising them as studettes , a hitherto-unknown category of housing for smaller studios ( broadly , those of 12 m2 or less ) . Since most listings agencies do not recognise a firm distinction between `` studios '' and `` studettes '' , chambres de bonne may also simply be advertised as studios . Parisian apartment-hunters are , nevertheless , often able to infer that a studio is a chambre de bonne from its listing , due to the distinctive features described above .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "130960f08b5e6950a8a38ab5965d796d", "text": "Rochefort, Belgium Rochefort ( -LSB- ʁɔʃ.fɔʁ -RSB- ) is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Namur , close to the Ardennes . On January 1 , 2006 , Rochefort had a total population of 12,038 . The total area is 165.27 km ² which gives a population density of 73 inhabitants per km ² . It was a in the 19th century . The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities : Rochefort proper , Ave-et-Auffe , Buissonville , Éprave , Han-sur-Lesse , Jemelle , Lavaux-Sainte-Anne , Lessive , Mont-Gauthier , Villers-sur-Lesse , and Wavreille . Its ancient position at the crossroads where the route to Saint-Hubert crossed that from Liège to Bouillon required fortifying : the ruins of the old castle , which gave the place its name and a title to a long line of counts who had the right of coining their own money , still exist . This castle underwent many sieges and suffered at the hands of Marshal de Châtillon ( 1636 ) . Near Rochefort are the red marble quarries of St. Remy , and Rochefort Abbey , a Trappist monastery , which operates the Rochefort Brewery , known for brewing dark and sweet beers , especially the Rochefort 10 , a deep dark-brown rich and fruity beer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04179ffd0b24af2a17c37155a2197628", "text": "List of place names of French origin in the United States Several thousand place names in the United States have names of French origin , some a legacy of past French exploration and rule over much of the land and some in honor of French help during the American Revolution and the founding of the country ( see also : New France and French in the United States ) . Others were named after early Americans of French , especially Huguenot , ancestry ( Marion , Revere , Fremont , Lanier , Sevier , Macon , Decatur , etc. ) . Some places received their names as a consequence of French colonial settlement ( e.g. Baton Rouge , Detroit , New Orleans , Saint Louis ) . Nine state capitals are French words or of French origin ( Baton Rouge , Boise , Des Moines , Juneau , Montgomery , Montpelier , Pierre , Richmond , Saint Paul ) - not even counting Little Rock ( originally `` La Petite Roche '' ) or Cheyenne ( a French rendering of a Lakota word ) , compared to only two that are Spanish ( Sacramento and Santa Fe ) . Fifteen state names are either French words / origin ( Delaware , New Jersey , Louisiana , Maine , Oregon , Vermont ) or Native American words rendered by French speakers ( Arkansas , Illinois , Iowa , Kansas , Michigan , Mississippi , Mississippi , Ohio , Wisconsin ) , versus nine state names that are Spanish or Spanish rendered ( Montana , California , Colorado , Florida , Montana , Nevada , New Mexico , Texas , Utah ) . The suffix '' - ville , '' from the French word for `` city '' is common for town and city names throughout the United States . Many originally French place names , possibly hundreds , in the Midwest and Upper West were replaced with directly translated English names once American settlers became locally dominant ( e.g. `` La Petite Roche '' became Little Rock ; `` Baie Verte '' became Green Bay ; `` Grandes Fourches '' became Grand Forks ) . In contrast , Spanish place names in the Southwest were generally not replaced by English names .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ad5a8ca020c5c030f779916c27233a2", "text": "Frenchelon Frenchelon is the nickname given to French signal intelligence system in reference to its Anglo-American counterpart ECHELON .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64841829b2bc8093902ec207356e94cb", "text": "Cavalry Cavalry ( from French cavalerie , cf. cheval ` horse ' ) or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback . Cavalry were historically the most mobile of the combat arms . An individual soldier in the cavalry is known by a number of designations such as cavalryman , horseman , dragoon or trooper . The designation of cavalry was not usually given to any military forces that used other animals , such as camels , mules or elephants . Infantry who moved on horseback , but dismounted to fight on foot , were known in the 17th and early 18th centuries as dragoons , a class of mounted infantry which later evolved into cavalry proper while retaining their historic title . Cavalry had the advantage of improved mobility , and a man fighting from horseback also had the advantages of greater height , speed , and inertial mass over an opponent on foot . Another element of horse mounted warfare is the psychological impact a mounted soldier can inflict on an opponent . The speed , mobility and shock value of the cavalry was greatly appreciated and exploited in armed forces in the Ancient and Middle Ages ; some forces were mostly cavalry , particularly in nomadic societies of Asia , notably the Mongol armies . In Europe cavalry became increasingly armoured ( heavy ) , and eventually became known for the mounted knights . During the 17th century cavalry in Europe lost most of its armor , ineffective against the muskets and cannon which were coming into use , and by the mid-19th century armor had mainly fallen into disuse , although some regiments retained a small thickened cuirass that offered protection against lances and sabres and some protection against shot . In the period between the World Wars , many cavalry units were converted into motorized infantry and mechanized infantry units , or reformed as tank troops . However , some cavalry still served during World War II , notably in the Red Army , the Mongolian People 's Army , the Royal Italian Army , the Romanian Army , the Polish Land Forces , and light reconnaissance units within the Waffen SS . Most cavalry units that are horse-mounted in modern armies serve in purely ceremonial roles , or as mounted infantry in difficult terrain such as mountains or heavily forested areas . Modern usage of the term generally refers to specialist units equipped with tanks ( `` armored cavalry '' ) or aircraft ( `` air cavalry '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d9774f7ec7f98efc4485ace5aecb558", "text": "Citadel (disambiguation) A citadel is a fortress . Citadel may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dce072b49dfcd970abe4558a4a1c6ca", "text": "Liberation of Strasbourg The Liberation of Strasbourg constituted the dramatically symbolic high point for the rehabilitation of the honor of French armed forces as the Allies advanced across France toward Germany in 1944 . Alsace , of which Strasbourg is the capital , had been the focus of French-German enmity since the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 , and General Charles de Gaulle insisted that only French forces should retake it . After the victory of Kufra , General Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque and his troops swore an oath to fight until `` our flag flies over the Cathedral of Strasbourg '' . The oath was fulfilled on 23 November 1944 , when the 2nd French Armoured Division under Leclerc 's command liberated Strasbourg . On November 22 , 1944 , the hard-fighting French 2nd Armored Division , along with the French First Army , had been assigned the capture of Strasbourg by Allied Supreme Command . That same day , the 2nd Armored moved up to the vital pass at Saverne , which had been taken by the Americans , about 40 km northwest of Strasbourg . This Saverne `` gap '' is the historic gateway through the barrier of the Vosges Mountains , opening a line of advance on Strasbourg . On November 23 , 1944 , units of the French 2nd Armored Division entered the city and raised the Free French tricolore over Strasbourg cathedral at 2:30 pm . The German collective memory of the battle is rather more bleak . In Ardennes : 1944 , Antony Beevor states that the Battle for Strasbourg was one of the more `` inglorious episodes '' in German military history with a collapse of the Wehrmacht defense that was both premature and ignominious . It was hastened by a panic of senior Nazi leadership as many officials fled prior to the Allied push . This led to a general demoralization of Heer , Waffen-SS , and Luftwaffe ground forces as well as a breakdown in discipline . He states : ″ `` The SS had looted Strasbourg before withdrawing . According to one general defending the town , soldiers ordered to ` fight to the last round ' tended to throw away most of their ammunition before the battle , so they could claim that they ran out and then surrender . Generalmajor Vaterrodt , the ( Heer ) commander , was scornful about the behaviour of senior officers and Nazi Party officials . ` I 'm surprised that Himmler did not have anyone hanged in Strasbourg , ' he told fellow officers after he had been captured . ` Everyone ran away , Kreisleiter , Ortsgruppenleiter , the municipal authorities , the mayor and the deputy mayor , they all took to their heels , government officials - all fled ... ' '' . The Alsatian-born Chief Magistrate also fled towards Germany on foot with a backpack - as he had signed many death warrants and collaborated within the German occupation system and was a marked man . Result The rapid Liberation of Strasbourg by General LeClerc 's 2nd Armored Division produced a torrent of joy in the newly liberated French nation and was a hugely symbolic victory for the French people and the Western Allies in general . LeClerc was well respected and liked by his American contemporaries , unlike some other French commanders . The Liberation and Tricolore raised over the Cathedral was considered to be the last major objective in the Liberation of France . Unfortunately the Allies were unable to quickly seize on the German collapse . While fuel shortages and the increasing difficulty of supporting armies with lengthening supply lines played a role , General Dwight D. Eisenhower 's lack-of-interest in his southern flank largely doomed any further exploitation around Strasbourg . The commander of the American 6th Army Group , General Jacob L. Devers , believed he could cross the Rhine quickly at Rastatt thereby seizing a bridgehead . But Devers ' ambitious nature and aggressive personality somewhat alienated other commanders such as Eisenhower , and he failed to convince The Supreme Commander of his plan . A potential bridgehead at Rastatt , had it been quickly seized , would more than likely have secured the southern flank and would have severally disrupted the coming German offensive in the Ardennes . But Eisenhower never seriously considered the opportunity as he seemed fixated on a more direct route to Berlin . As a result , Strasbourg would become threatened during the German Wacht am Rhein offensive known as The Battle of the Bulge in the West . In early January 1945 , the German counteroffensive into France known as Operation Nordwind was quickly contained , but not before both Eisenhower and Devers considered a general withdrawal from Alsace , which would have left Strasbourg undefended . The French Provisional Government considered this an anathema as it was , in General de Gaulle 's words , ( potentially ) `` a national disaster '' . In addition to this , hundreds-of-thousands of Alsatians would be subjected to German reprisals . The talk of a strategic withdrawal was also a blow to morale of the American VI Corps that had fought hard and suffered many casualties securing the area . In response General Charles de Gaulle threatened to pull his forces out of the overall SHAEF Command creating a serious row with Eisenhower . With the support of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , de Gaulle won over Ike after a contentious argument . Strasbourg was not to be abandoned as the order to withdraw to the east of the Vosges Mountains was rescinded - boosting VI Corps ' morale . The German advance was halted in desperate fighting about 40 kilometers west of Strasbourg and Operation Norwind became another disaster for the German Heer and Waffen-SS with precious divisions reduced .", "title": "" } ]	fever
773022253c05b277a81bfa94f99babef	Star Trek had spin-off television series.	[ { "docid": "2295603a222daaf3485fc4ac3e29ab1b", "text": "Star Trek Star Trek is an American science fiction media franchise based on the television series created by Gene Roddenberry . The first television series , simply called Star Trek and now referred to as The Original Series , debuted in 1966 and aired for three seasons on the television network NBC . It followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk ( William Shatner ) and his crew aboard the starship USS Enterprise , a space exploration vessel , built by the interstellar federal republic United Federation of Planets in the twenty-third century . The Star Trek canon of the franchise includes The Original Series , an animated series , four spin-off television series , its film franchise and an upcoming television series scheduled to debut in 2017 . In creating Star Trek , Roddenberry was inspired by the Horatio Hornblower novels , the satirical book Gulliver 's Travels , and by works of western genre such as the television series Wagon Train . These adventures continued in the short-lived Star Trek : The Animated Series and six feature films . Four spin-off television series were eventually produced : Star Trek : The Next Generation followed the crew of a new starship Enterprise set a century after the original series ; Star Trek : Deep Space Nine and Star Trek : Voyager set contemporaneously with The Next Generation ; and Star Trek : Enterprise set before the original series in the early days of human interstellar travel . The adventures of The Next Generation crew continued in four additional feature films . In 2009 , the film franchise underwent a `` reboot '' set in an alternate timeline , or `` Kelvin Timeline '' , entitled simply Star Trek . This film featured a new cast portraying younger versions of the crew from the original show ; their adventures were continued in the sequel film , Star Trek Into Darkness ( 2013 ) . The thirteenth film feature and sequel , Star Trek Beyond ( 2016 ) , was released to coincide with the franchise 's 50th anniversary . A new Star Trek TV series , entitled Star Trek : Discovery , is set to premiere on the digital platform CBS All Access . Star Trek has been a cult phenomenon for decades . Fans of the franchise are called Trekkies or Trekkers . The franchise spans a wide range of spin-offs including games , figurines , novels , toys , and comics . Star Trek had a themed attraction in Las Vegas that opened in 1998 and closed in September 2008 . At least two museum exhibits of props travel the world . The series has its own full-fledged constructed language , Klingon . Several parodies have been made of Star Trek . In addition , viewers have produced several fan productions . As of July 2016 , the franchise had generated $ 10 billion in revenue , making Star Trek one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . Star Trek is noted for its cultural influence beyond works of science fiction . The franchise is also noted for its progressive civil rights stances . The Original Series included one of television 's first multiracial casts . Star Trek references may be found throughout popular culture from movies such as the submarine thriller Crimson Tide to the animated series South Park .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "a17da1034b2f12c7e9de508cece0cd28", "text": "Early life and career of Gene Roddenberry Eugene Wesley `` Gene '' Roddenberry ( August 19 , 1921 -- October 24 , 1991 ) was an American television screenwriter , producer and futurist best remembered for creating the original Star Trek television series . He was born in El Paso , Texas , but grew up in Los Angeles , California where his father worked as a police officer . While at school , the young Roddenberry majored in police science and became interested in aeronautical engineering . He obtained a pilot 's license through the Civilian Pilot Training Program . Following his graduation , he signed up for the United States Army Air Corps and he enlisted after the attack on Pearl Harbor . He was commissioned on August 5 , 1942 , and was posted to the Pacific Theater of Operations where he joined the 394th Bomb Squadron , 5th Bombardment Group , of the Thirteenth Air Force . He flew Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress in an estimated 89 combat missions . After being rotated back to the United States he was promoted to Captain and became an air crash investigator . During his military career , he was involved in two plane crashes and was awarded both the Air Medal and the Distinguished Flying Cross . Once a civilian , he began to fly long-haul routes for Pan American World Airways . He was involved in a further crash in June 1947 , where the Clipper Eclipse crashed in the Syrian desert . After pulling injured passengers out of the burning plane , he led the party which sought help . After a further incident , he resigned from Pan-Am , seeking to write for television instead . However , he joined the Los Angeles Police Department , initially in the traffic division but transferred to the newspaper unit where he worked with Chief William H. Parker as a speech writer . He landed the role of technical adviser for a television version of Mr. District Attorney , which led to him writing scripts for the series under the pseudonym of `` Robert Wesley '' . This led to a series of collaborations with Ziv Television Programs , and he resigned from the police on June 7 , 1956 , in order to take up a writing position on the staff of The West Point Story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb81c50564985c96fe59f76e9112c1de", "text": "Legacy of Gene Roddenberry Eugene Wesley `` Gene '' Roddenberry ( August 19 , 1921 -- October 24 , 1991 ) was an American television screenwriter , producer and futurist best remembered for creating the original Star Trek television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5cdcf6dd2b9b695e290d5be8515e9a6", "text": "Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . '' The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d055ae514fb55e28877547e5cab9d344", "text": "Treklanta Treklanta ( formerly `` TrekTrax Atlanta '' ) is an annual Star Trek convention based in Atlanta , Georgia that places special emphasis on fan-based events , activities , programming and productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c1db851baaa6ed9632ffd8f53c3f738", "text": "Star Trek: Voyager Star Trek : Voyager is an American science fiction television series set in the Star Trek universe . The series takes place during the years 2371 to 2378 . It follows the adventures of the Starfleet vessel USS Voyager , which becomes stranded in the Delta Quadrant ( on the far side of the Milky Way galaxy , 70,000 light-years from Earth ) while searching for a renegade Maquis ship . Voyager has to make the estimated 75-year journey home . The series was created by Rick Berman , Michael Piller , and Jeri Taylor , and is the fifth incarnation of Star Trek , which began with the 1960s series Star Trek : The Original Series that was created by Gene Roddenberry . Voyager was produced for seven seasons , from 1995 to 2001 , and is the first Star Trek TV series with a female captain , Kathryn Janeway ( played by Kate Mulgrew ) , as the lead character . Berman served as head executive producer in charge of the overall production for the series during its entire run . He was assisted by a second in command executive producer who generally functioned as the day-to-day showrunner . Four were used throughout the series ' run : Michael Piller ( EP/showrunner -- first and second season ) , Jeri Taylor ( EP -- first through fourth seasons , showrunner -- third and fourth seasons ) , Brannon Braga ( EP/showrunner -- fifth and sixth seasons ) , and Kenneth Biller ( EP/showrunner -- seventh season ) . Star Trek : Voyager aired on UPN and was the network 's second-longest running series . The series consists of 172 episodes 45 minutes in length ; however on its first run the pilot was a single , 1 1/2 - hour show that was later split in two for syndication ; There are a number of other feature length paired episodes that reduce the number of separate showings , such as on a streaming service . Some examples of feature length Voyager movies are Dark Frontier ( 109/110 ) , Flesh and Blood ( 155/156 ) , and Endgame ( 171/172 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d804f2395aec3707bc251e935f958731", "text": "A Taste of Armageddon `` A Taste of Armageddon '' ( season # 1 , episode # 23 , production # 23 ) is a first-season episode of the American science fiction television series , Star Trek . It was first broadcast on February 23 , 1967 , and repeated July 20 , 1967 . It was written by Robert Hamner and Gene L. Coon , and directed by Joseph Pevney . In the episode , the crew of the USS Enterprise visits a planet whose people fight a computer-simulated war against a neighboring planet . Although the war is fought via computer simulation , the citizens of each planet have to submit to real executions inside `` disintegration booths '' to meet the casualty counts of the simulated attacks . The crew of the Enterprise is caught in the middle and are told to submit themselves voluntarily for execution after being `` killed '' in an `` enemy attack '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e2c503f901364f706a5c5a81eb236a", "text": "Stargate fandom Stargate fandom is a community of people actively interested in the military science fiction film Stargate and the television shows Stargate SG-1 ( SG1 ) , Stargate Infinity ( SGI ) , Stargate Atlantis ( SGA ) , Stargate Universe ( SGU ) and their spin offs . The first franchise release , Stargate ( 1994 ) spawned four television series successors , four movies ( two in production ) , a plethora of merchandise , and a massive franchise collectively known as the Stargate ( owned by Metro -- Goldwyn -- Mayer and aired by Syfy , which now owns television properties they previously held with Carolco Pictures ) . Thanks to Stargate fandom , the franchise has spawned other media including books , television series , video games , comic books and audiobooks . These supplements to the film and series trilogies comprise another universe than the series and the film , and have resulted in significant development of the series ' fictional universe . These media kept the franchise going in the interim between the film and series trilogies . In 2008 , Stargate : The Ark of Truth and Continuum was released direct-to-DVD , which in total grossed over 21 million in the United States . In 2002 , the franchise 's first animated series , Stargate Infinity , was released as an introduction to the Expanded Universe . In 2004 , Stargate Atlantis was released as a spin off from Stargate SG-1 and a new Stargate spin-off series entitled Stargate Universe was released in the fall of 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b266f0a93f584afb3a76b24ca5de7d79", "text": "Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 4) The fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : The Next Generation commenced airing in broadcast syndication in the United States on September 24 , 1990 and concluded on June 17 , 1991 after airing 26 episodes . Set in the 24th century , the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship Enterprise-D . This season saw the show embracing the notion of serialized storylines . A recurring theme throughout the season is the notion of a brewing Duras-Romulan plot against the Federation , coupled with Worf 's effort to reclaim his family honor . Both storylines were introduced in Season 3 's . Worf 's discommendation is a major theme in and , while his dishonor and the Duras-Romulan plot take center stage in the episodes , , and . A second recurring storyline in the season is the growth of Miles O'Brien as a character . His first and middle name are revealed in `` Family '' , he marries in , his past is revealed in , and his marriage is explored in . Season 4 featured many family-themes episodes . The first episode following deals with Picard and Worf 's family , and the second with Data 's . Worf 's son Alexander appears later in the season , as does Tasha Yar 's sister , and the Enterprise '' encounters an infant alien space entity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f63e87f9a7339b3134b10ea741f8e3f", "text": "Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor . The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia . The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires . In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e73632a6c1344d4a4c509e1943ff784a", "text": "Space opera Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction that emphasizes space warfare , melodramatic adventure , interplanetary battles , as well as chivalric romance , and often risk-taking . Set mainly or entirely in outer space , it usually involves conflict between opponents possessing advanced abilities , futuristic weapons , and other sophisticated technology . The term has no relation to music but is instead a play on the terms `` soap opera '' and `` horse opera '' , the latter of which was coined during the 1930s to indicate clichéd and formulaic Western movies . Space operas emerged in the 1930s and they continue to be produced in literature , film , comics , and video games . Notable space opera novels include the Foundation series ( 1942 -- 1999 ) by Isaac Asimov , the Lensman series ( 1948-1954 ) by E. E. Smith and the Ender 's Game series ( 1985 -- present ) by Orson Scott Card . An early notable space opera film was Flash Gordon ( 1936 -- present ) created by Alex Raymond . In the late 1970s , the Star Wars franchise ( 1977 -- present ) created by George Lucas brought a great deal of attention to the subgenre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bca189a3bd5c1ab66e5514d4bceff64b", "text": "Mercy Point Mercy Point is an American science fiction medical drama , created by Trey Callaway , David Simkins , and Milo Frank , which originally aired for one season on United Paramount Network ( UPN ) from October 6 , 1998 , to July 15 , 1999 . With an ensemble cast led by : Joe Morton , Maria del Mar , Alexandra Wilson , Brian McNamara , Salli Richardson , Julia Pennington , Gay Thomas , Jordan Lund , and Joe Spano , the series takes place in a 23rd-century hospital space station located in deep space and revolves around its doctors and nurses . The series was produced by Mandalay Television and Columbia TriStar Television ; the executive producers were Trey Callaway , Michael Katleman , Lee David Zlotoff , Joe Voci , and Scott Sanders . Callaway developed Mercy Point from Frank 's script , `` Nightingale One '' , as a concept for a feature film under the working title of the same name . Even though it was picked up by Mandalay Television , the concept was eventually revised as a television project and renamed Mercy Point due to the disappointing commercial performance of the 1997 film Starship Troopers . The show was part of a $ 3 million deal between Mandalay Television and Columbia TriStar Television to produce 200 hours of material . It was filmed in Vancouver to reduce production costs , with the hospital sets constructed on a series of sound stages . Director Joe Napolitano had praised the show for its use of a complete set to allow for more intricate directing . Despite being envisioned as a companion to Star Trek : Voyager , it was paired with Moesha and Clueless as its lead-in on Tuesday nights . Initially focused on ethical and medical cases , the show 's storylines gradually shifted toward relating the characters ' personal relationships to better fit UPN 's primarily teen demographic . Mercy Point was placed on hiatus after only two episodes were aired , and was replaced by the reality television series America 's Greatest Pets and the sitcom Reunited . The show suffered from low viewership , with an average of two million viewers . The final four episodes of the series were broadcast in two , two-hour blocks on Thursday nights in July 1999 . It was never released on DVD or Blu-ray . Critical response to Mercy Point was mixed ; some television critics praised its characterization and use of science-fiction elements , while others found it to be uninteresting and unoriginal . Several media commentators negatively compared the show to other television programs . Callaway has stated that he had the potential story arcs for the full first season already planned before the show 's cancellation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c16bdd733818927392b640b96d466068", "text": "Star Trek: The Continuing Mission Star Trek : The Continuing Mission is an independently produced , non-profit , science fiction series set in the Star Trek universe . The show , created by Sebastian Prooth and Andy Tyrer in July 2007 , is released exclusively online in the form of downloadable audio dramas . Sebastian Prooth and Patrick McCray serve as the show 's Executive Producers . The pilot episode , `` Ghost Ship , '' was released on December 25 , 2007 , and since then seven more episodes have been released , most recently `` Cathedral in the Void '' on May 10 , 2014 . The producers ' stated goal is for future releases to be on a quarterly basis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7be05c9f8025184bc9dc4694a281b929", "text": "Errand of Mercy `` Errand of Mercy '' is an episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek . It was first broadcast on 23 March 1967 . It is episode # 26 , production # 27 , written by Gene L. Coon and directed by John Newland . It was the first episode in which the Klingons appeared . With a war with the Klingons declared , Captain Kirk and his First Officer , Mr. Spock , attempt to sway the incomprehensibly placid population of a planet to resist an invading military occupation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c41a086611c11e061ded9165cfbaa80", "text": "Bound (Star Trek: Enterprise) `` Bound '' is the seventeenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : Enterprise , originally broadcast on April 15 , 2005 . It was written by showrunner Manny Coto , and directed by Allan Kroeker . The episode featured the return of the Orion slave girls , which had been originally seen in the original pilot of Star Trek : The Original Series , `` The Cage '' . Set in the 22nd century , the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship Enterprise , registration NX-01 . In this episode , three Orion slave girls come on board the ship , and the crew , with the exception of Commander `` Trip '' Tucker and Commander T'Pol who seem to have a resistant psychic bond , begin acting strangely . The episode featured the return of Cyia Batten and William Lucking who had both previously appeared in multi-episode parts in Star Trek : Deep Space Nine . Four time MTV Music Video Award for Choreography winner Travis Payne was brought on board to oversee the extensive choreography for the three actresses playing the Orion women . Each actress went through a four to five-hour make-up process for each day of filming , which required them to be sprayed green . `` Bound '' received Nielsen ratings of 1.8 / 3 % , and critical reaction was mixed with one reviewer listing it amongst the best episodes of Enterprise while another listed as the worst episode ever of any Star Trek series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a6d18b9de4940ad5b19e8a9d9768dee", "text": "Star Trek (comics) Almost continuously since 1967 , multiple companies have published Star Trek comic books with varying degrees of success . These companies include Gold Key Comics , Marvel Comics , DC Comics , Malibu Comics , Wildstorm , and IDW Publishing . Star Trek : Enterprise is the only Trek TV series that has not been adapted in comic book form .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6b2d94af34bd38120aebb44f87adf48", "text": "Ensign Ro (Star Trek: The Next Generation) __ NOTOC __ `` Ensign Ro '' is the 103rd episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . The third episode of the fifth season . The crew is unsettled by the arrival of Ensign Ro , a disgraced Starfleet officer of Bajoran origin . Although Ro was previously court-martialed for disobeying orders on an away mission , resulting in the deaths of eight crew members , Starfleet admiral Kennely has pardoned and assigned her to the Enterprise . Her ostensible mission is to persuade Bajoran rebels to stop attacking and raiding Federation colonies . But Picard soon learns that the rebels , displaced from their home-world by the Cardassians some 40 years ago , were not to blame for the attacks - and that Kennely 's orders to Ro are very different than those he conveyed to Picard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89434439fceb94bad31e862cf0d2ccc3", "text": "In a Mirror, Darkly `` In a Mirror , Darkly '' is the eighteenth and nineteenth episodes of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : Enterprise , and originally aired on April 22 and 29 , 2005 . This installment was developed to be a sequel to The Original Series episode `` The Tholian Web '' and a prequel to `` Mirror , Mirror '' . The decision to set an Enterprise episode in the mirror universe originated with a pitch to enable William Shatner to appear in the series . The teleplays for both parts of the episode were written by Mike Sussman , with Manny Coto contributing the story for the second part . Set in the 22nd century , the series normally follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship Enterprise , registration NX-01 . However , these installments feature a mirror universe Jonathan Archer and evil counterparts of the normal characters , who serve the cruel and militaristic Terran Empire . In the first part , the ISS Enterprise learns of a Starfleet ship from the future of the main universe which is being stripped for parts by the Tholians , and seeks to take the ship from the aliens . The second part sees the surviving crew operating the USS Defiant and seeking to overthrow the Empire using its advanced weaponry . The episode saw the reuse of footage from Star Trek : First Contact and the creation of an alternative opening credits sequence which included footage from other Paramount properties such as the film The Hunt for Red October . A three-quarters-around bridge from The Original Series era was constructed , as well as other sets from a Constitution-class starship . A Gorn and a Tholian were both created using CGI , with the Gorn utilizing motion capture techniques . This installment also saw the return of Vaughn Armstrong after his main universe character was killed on screen earlier in the season in the episode `` The Forge '' . This episode subsequently appeared in several lists of the best episodes of Star Trek : Enterprise . It was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Hairstyling for a Series in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98350b85c1d2dcd79625b869d84ab560", "text": "Star Trek: Titan Star Trek : Titan is a series of Star Trek novels that take place after the events of the 2002 film Star Trek Nemesis , detailing the adventures of the U.S.S. Titan under the command of Starfleet Captain William T. Riker , who previously served for fifteen years as First Officer under Captain Jean-Luc Picard aboard the Enterprise-D and Enterprise-E on the TV show Star Trek : The Next Generation and the four feature films adapted from that series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79def6c4ca2d9ba836ef36b1938eddcd", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Gene Roddenberry Gene Roddenberry ( August 19 , 1921 -- October 24 , 1991 ) was an American screenwriter and producer of several television series , best known for his work in creating the Star Trek franchise . Before his television writing career , he was a pilot in the 394th Bomb Squadron , 5th Bombardment Group of the Thirteenth Air Force during World War II . During his time in the military , he flew the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress , and was awarded both the Air Medal and the Distinguished Flying Cross . While working in the Los Angeles Police Department after the war , he began his television writing career , but resigned to concentrate on screenwriting . His first writing award was for an episode of Have Gun -- Will Travel entitled `` Helen of Abajinan '' which won the Writer 's Guild of America award for Best Teleplay in 1958 . In 1964 , he registered the idea with the Writer 's Guild which would define the rest of his career -- Star Trek . The majority of the awards and nominations received by Roddenberry throughout his career were related to Star Trek . He was credited for Star Trek : The Original Series ( known at the time simply as Star Trek ) during the nominations for two Emmy Awards , and won two Hugo Awards . One Hugo was a special award for the series , while another was for `` The Menagerie '' , the episode which used footage from the original unaired pilot for Star Trek , `` The Cage '' . In addition , he was awarded the Brotherhood Award by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People for his work in the advancement of African American characters on television . At the 1967 Writer 's Guild of America Awards , a private feud between Roddenberry and writer Harlan Ellison entered the public eye , as Ellison had produced the original script for the episode `` The City on the Edge of Forever '' . He was told to re-write it due to financial restraints , but could not bring it within budget . Instead , Roddenberry re-wrote the script for the episode , but Ellison retained the credit and subsequently submitted the original script for consideration by the Writer 's Guild . This was an unusual step as normally the filmed version of the script is the one that was submitted . Both `` The City on the Edge of Forever '' and `` The Return of the Archons '' were nominated for the Best Episodic Drama Award , with the latter written and credited to Roddenberry . Ellison won the award for his script . Roddenberry submitted the filmed version of `` The City on the Edge of Forever '' script for the Hugo Awards , winning in 1968 , but the writing remained credited to Ellison . Roddenberry later claimed to have won a Nebula Award for the filmed version despite the Dramatic Presentation category not being created until 1974 . Following the end of Star Trek , he was nominated for Hugo Awards for two television movies , Genesis II and The Questor Tapes . In addition to awards , Roddenberry also received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame following a campaign by the fan clubs of Star Trek , which sought to have each fan donate a dollar towards the overall $ 3500 cost of upkeep . Following these donations , the Committee in charge of the Walk of Fame voted Roddenberry in . The star was unveiled on September 4 , 1985 , at the 6600 block , near to the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Las Palmas . The induction ceremony was attended by all of the main cast of Star Trek , as well as Roger C. Carmel , who portrayed Harry Mudd in The Original Series . Following Roddenberry 's death in 1991 , he was posthumously awarded the Robert A. Heinlein Memorial Award by the National Space Society and the The George Pal Memorial Award at the Saturn Awards . He was also awarded the Exceptional Public Service Medal by National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d99ca7e631d2ccbc81efde67357bff3", "text": "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country is a 1991 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures . It is the sixth feature film based on Star Trek , and a sequel to the 1966 -- 1969 Star Trek television series . Taking place after the events of Star Trek V : The Final Frontier , it is the last film featuring the entire cast of the original series . After the destruction of the Klingon moon Praxis leads the Klingon Empire to pursue peace with their long-time adversary the Federation , the crew of the USS Enterprise must race against unseen conspirators with a militaristic agenda . The sixth film in the series was initially planned as a prequel to the original series , with younger actors portraying the crew of the Enterprise while attending Starfleet Academy , but the idea was discarded because of negative reaction from the original cast and the fans . Faced with producing a new film in time for Star Trek 's 25th anniversary , Nicholas Meyer , the director of Star Trek II : The Wrath of Khan , and Denny Martin Flinn wrote a script based on a suggestion from Leonard Nimoy about what would happen if `` the Wall came down in space '' , touching on the contemporary events of the Cold War . Principal photography took place between April and September 1991 . The production budget was smaller than anticipated because of the critical and commercial disappointment of The Final Frontier . Because of a lack of sound stage space on the Paramount lot , many scenes were filmed around Hollywood . Meyer and cinematographer Hiro Narita aimed for a darker and more dramatic mood , subtly altering sets originally used for the television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . Producer Steven-Charles Jaffe led a second unit that filmed on an Alaskan glacier that stood in for a Klingon gulag . Cliff Eidelman produced the film 's score , which is intentionally darker than previous Star Trek offerings . The film was released in North America on December 6 , 1991 . The Undiscovered Country garnered positive reviews , with publications praising the lighthearted acting and facetious references . The film performed strongly at the box office . It posted the largest opening weekend gross of the series before going on to earn $ 96,888,996 worldwide . The film earned two Academy Award nominations , for Best Makeup and Best Sound Effects , and is the only Star Trek movie to win the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film . A special collectors ' edition DVD version of the film was released in 2004 , to which Meyer had made minor alterations . Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry died shortly before the movie 's premiere , just days after viewing the film . The film marked the final appearance together of the original series ' cast .", "title": "" } ]	fever
b91da5b243d91f15c356e9d21ed8aae3	Islam is the second-largest religion in the world.	[ { "docid": "496d036bc56ec44a1ddd920b747a17b9", "text": "Islam Islam ( -LSB- ˈɪslɑːm -RSB- There are ten pronunciations of Islam in English , differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress , whether the s is -LSB- slinkz -RSB- or -LSB- slinks -RSB- , and whether the a is pronounced -LSB- slinkɑː -RSB- , -LSB- slinkæ -RSB- or ( when the stress is on the first syllable ) -LSB- slinkə -RSB- ( Merriam Webster ) . The most common are -LSB- ˈɪzləm , _ ˈɪsləm , _ ɪzˈlɑːm , _ ɪsˈlɑːm -RSB- ( Oxford English Dictionary , Random House ) and -LSB- ˈɪzlɑːm , _ ˈɪslɑːm -RSB- ( American Heritage Dictionary ) . الإسلام , -LSB- alʔisˈlaːm -RSB- ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion which professes that there is only one and incomparable God ( Allah ) and that Muhammad is the last messenger of God . It is the world 's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world , with over 1.8 billion followers or 24.1 % of the global population , known as Muslims . Islam teaches that God who is merciful , all-powerful , and unique has guided mankind through prophets , revealed scriptures and natural signs . The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran , viewed by Muslims as the verbatim word of God , and the teachings and normative example ( called the sunnah , composed of accounts called hadith ) of Muhammad ( 570 -- 8 June 632 CE ) . Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam , Abraham , Moses , and Jesus . As for the Quran , Muslims consider it to be the unaltered and final revelation of God . Like other Abrahamic religions , Islam also teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded paradise and unrighteous are punished in hell . Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of Islam , which are obligatory acts of worship , and following Islamic law , which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society , from banking and welfare to women and the environment . The cities of Mecca , Medina and Jerusalem are home to the three holiest sites in Islam . Islam originated in the early 7th century in Mecca , and by the 8th century the Islamic empire extended from Iberia in the west to the Indus River in the east . The Islamic Golden Age refers to the period traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century when much of the historically Islamic world was experiencing a scientific , economic and cultural flourishing . The expansion of the Muslim world involved various caliphates and empires , traders and conversion to Islam by missionary activities . Most Muslims are of one of two denominations : Sunni ( 75 -- 90 % ) or Shia ( 10 -- 20 % ) . About 13 % of Muslims live in Indonesia , the largest Muslim-majority country , 31 % in South Asia , the largest population of Muslims in the world , 23 % in the Middle East-North Africa , where it is the dominant religion , and 15 % in Sub-Saharan Africa . Sizable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas , Caucasus , China , Europe , Mainland Southeast Asia , Philippines and Russia . Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "33ee84c563b9f58c06a08d3b4d50e3c7", "text": "Political Islam The term Political Islam is a recently developed term . It is used to label the wide-scale activities of individuals or organizations heading towards the transformation of the state and entire society according to '' Islamic '' rules . It is based on Islam which is a complex of political persuasion and fundamental Islamic books -- Koran , Sira ( the biography of Mohammed ) , and Hadith ( Mohammed 's traditions ) . The term is often used in connection with the movements which represent the current political powers in the name of Islam , emerging at the end of 20th century . It is also used as a term describing political activities stemming from basic Islamic books aiming predominantly at Non-Muslims . Political Islam is often confused with Islamism . However , Political Islam is not only a synonym for violent , radical or extreme Islamism . On the contrary , an overwhelming majority of Islamic political activity is carried out by peaceful means and often within a constitutional framework ( e.g. Arbitration Act from 1996 , where Sharia courts became a part of official British Law ) . International activities of extremists including terrorist acts are an exception not the rule if we talk about political activities executed in the name of Islam . Although this term is often used for organized groups , movements or parties , it can also concern a great number of the individuals who share basic goals and background of Political Islam without any direct connection to a party or group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2af45b9db4f072fb6a778b0247f207dd", "text": "Religion in Pakistan The state religion in Pakistan is Islam , which is practiced by about 95 -- 98 % of the 195,343,000 people of the nation . The remaining 2 -- 5 % practice Christianity , Hinduism and other religions . Muslims are divided into the following sects : the majority of them practice Sunni Islam , while 5 -- 20 % are Shias and 0.22 % -2.2 % are Ahmadi . Nearly all Pakistani Sunni Muslims belong to the Hanafi Fiqh Islamic law school . The majority of Pakistani Shia Muslims belong to the Ithnā ` Ashariyyah Islamic law school , with significant minority groups who practice Ismailism , which is composed of Nizari ( Aga Khanis ) , Mustaali , Dawoodi Bohra , Sulaymani , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c83c0e07880a171e45efa7d10d1a0cc", "text": "Rahmanism Raḥmānism ( from Old South Arabian rḥmn-n `` the Merciful '' ) ( Ar : الرحمن ) ( Musnad : ð © § ð © cents ð © # ð © ¬ ) refers to one or more monotheistic religions which ousted the polytheistic Old South Arabian religion from the 4th century AD . Since the sole indication of Raḥmānism is the mention of a monotheistic God , it is difficult to establish whether Raḥmānism is an homogenous religion or whether it can be identified with another monotheist From the second half of the fourth century the `` Merciful '' ( Old South Arabian rḥmn-n , where the - n is the definite article ) and `` the Lord of Heaven and Earth '' are increasingly invoked . A number of inscriptions as well as archaeological synagogues show that Judaism had played an important role in South Arabia since the 4th Century , but it is not clear whether all the Raḥmānist inscriptions of this time should be construed as Jewish ; at the same time it is conceivable that Raḥmānism also involved an autochthonous monotheistic religion in its own right . Distinct references to Christians in South Arabia are found at the beginning of the 6th century when a Christian community in the city of Najrān fell victim to a pogrom initiated by the Jewish king Yūsuf Asʾar Yathʾar . Some consider this event politically motivated while others claim it to be the result of religious zeal . The slaughter is probably that which is alluded to in the Quranic reference to the ` People of the Ditch ( Aṣḥābu Ukhdūd ) , which describes a group of people being thrust into a ditch of fire because of their faith . Apart from being the word for ` ditch ' Ukhdūd is also the name of a place just south-west of modern Najrān . As a result of this massacre the Christian Aksumite Kingdom marched into South Arabia and enforced Christianity as the official religion , which was then supplanted by Islam in 632 . Christian communities are documented right up till the 13th century in Najrān and till the 16th century in Soqotra . Christian communities are documented ; Jewish communities persist until today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3606e22799291aceb28b7c428aedfc8f", "text": "Ahmadiyya in Australia Ahmadiyya is an Islamic movement in Australia , first formally founded in the country in the 1980s , during the era of the fourth caliph . However , the history of the Community dates back to the early 20th century , during the lifetime of the founder of the movement , Mirza Ghulam Ahmad , with the first contacts arising as a consequence of Australians travelling to British India , and also as a consequence of early , `` Afghan '' camel drivers settling in Australia during the mid to late 19th century . Today there are at least four mosques , in four of the six Australian states , representing an estimated 3,000 Australian Ahmadi Muslims in the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29fb4113d7413929c579331a33e3c97c", "text": "Religion in Sweden Lutheran Christianity is officially the largest religion in Sweden , with 6.1 million Swedish citizens being members of the Church of Sweden . The high membership figure is mainly due to the fact that until 1996 all newborn children with at least one parent being a member of the church were also made members . Other Christian Churches include the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church . Islam is the second largest religion in Sweden , practiced by 5 % of the population . The rest of the population are either irreligious or members of other religious groups . Sweden was Christianized from Norse paganism during a long period , not final until the 1130s . Since the 16th century , Sweden has been predominantly Lutheran . From the Protestant Reformation in the 1530s until 2000 , the Lutheran Church of Sweden ( Svenska kyrkan ) was the state church . As of 2016 , 61.2 % of Swedish citizens are members of the Church of Sweden , compared to over 95 % in 1970 , and 83 % in 2000 . Despite that , religion in Sweden plays a limited role compared to the European average , and even many church members participate in religious activities for only cultural reasons , and do not believe in Christianity . Atheism and agnosticism are widespread in Swedish society . In a Eurobarometer Poll in 2010 , just 18 % of Swedish citizens responded that `` they believe there is a god '' , although a further 45 % answered that `` they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force '' . In a 2009 Gallup poll , 17 % answered yes to the question `` Is religion an important part of your daily life ? '' . A survey found that only 15 % of Church of Sweden members actually believe in Jesus , while another 15 % identified as atheists , and a quarter as agnostic . Less than 4 % of the Church of Sweden membership attends public worship during an average week ; about 2 % are regular attendees . Some scholars consider the nation to be a place where religion is regarded with `` benign indifference '' . The history of the Jews in Sweden can be traced back to the 17th century , and there are about 20,000 ethnic Jews in Sweden today , of whom about 7,000 belong to a Jewish religious congregation . Because of immigration in the latter part of the 20th century , there is today a sizeable minority of Muslims ( 5 % of population ) and Roman Catholics ( 2 % ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cb48d25cb72012d6067cf93c010627e", "text": "Mary in Islam Mary ( -LSB- مريم , translit = Maryam -RSB- ) , the mother of Jesus ( Isa ) , holds a singularly exalted place in Islam as the only woman named in the Qur ' an , which refers to her seventy times and explicitly identifies her as the greatest of all women , stating , with reference to the angelic saluation during the annunciation , `` O Mary , God has chosen you , and purified you ; He has chosen you above all the women of creation . '' In the Quran , her story is related in three Meccan chapters ( 19 , 21 , 23 ) and four Medinan chapters ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 66 ) , and the nineteenth chapter of the scripture , the Chapter of Mary ( Surat Maryam ) , is named after her . The Quran refers to Mary more than the entire New Testament . According to the Qur ' an , divine grace surrounded Mary from birth , and , as a young woman , she received a message from God through the archangel Gabriel that God had chosen her , purified her , and had preferred her above all `` the women of the worlds . '' This event , according to the same narrative , was followed by the annunciation of a child who was to be miraculously conceived by her through the intervention of the divine spirit while she was still virgin , whose name would be Jesus and who would be the `` anointed one , '' the Promised Messiah . As such , orthodox Islamic belief `` has upheld the tenet of the virgin birth of Jesus , '' and although the classical Islamic thinkers never dwelt on the question of the perpetual virginity of Mary at any great length , it was generally agreed in traditional Islam that Mary remained virgin through the entirety of her life , with the Qur ' an 's mention of Mary 's purification `` from the touch of men '' implying perpetual virginity in the minds of many of the most prominent Islamic fathers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cced7ca16558b01556281cc7deccdbb5", "text": "Al-Islah (Yemen) The Yemeni Congregation for Reform , frequently called al-Islah ( -LSB- alʔisˤlaːħ -RSB- ; التجمع اليمني للإصلاح at-Tajammu ' u al-Yamanī lil-Iṣlāḥ ) , is a Yemeni Islamist party founded in 1990 by Abdullah ibn Husayn al-Ahmar , Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar , Abdul Majeed al-Zindani , Mohammed al-Yadumi and Yahya Rassam . The first article of Islah basic law defines it as `` a popular political organization that seeks reform of all aspects of life on the basis of islamic principles and teachings '' . Islah is more of a loose coalition of tribal and religious elements than a political party . Its origins are in the Islamic Front , a Muslim Brotherhood affiliated militia funded by Saudi Arabia to combat the Marxist National Democratic Front . The Islamic Front regrouped after the unification of Yemen in 1990 under the banner of the Islah Party with considerable financial backing from Saudi Arabia . Islah has long been identified as a client of Saudi Arabia . In its official website , Islah summarizes its foreign policy agenda ; one of five major goals is `` strengthening our country 's relations with sister Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council . '' In addition , Saudi Arabia financed the so-called `` scientific institutes '' , Wahhabi Madrasas that were informally controlled by Islah . Militant Islam arose in Yemen as a result of substantial Saudi funding . Islah differs from most other Arab Islamists . The party combines tribal influences along with those of the Yemeni Muslim Brotherhood and more radical Wahhabi groups . As a result , it faces deep internal divisions on key issues . Its fractious composition prevents it from developing a clear parliamentary platform , forcing it instead to balance tribal and political interests , differing interpretations of the party 's Islamist platform , and both loyalist and opposition constituencies . Given its origin as an alliance , Islah 's ideology remains vague and its political platform ambiguous . Islah could be best described as a conservative party that promotes tribal and religious values . The Joint Meeting Parties came into existence in 2003 when Islah and the socialist party joined three other smaller parties to establish a joint opposition to the ruling general people 's congress . At the last legislative elections , 27 April 2003 , the party won 22.6 % of the popular vote and 46 out of 301 seats . The party is a part of the Muslim Brotherhood , which is considered a terrorist organization by the governments of Bahrain , Egypt , Russia , Syria , Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates . However , since the civil war in Yemen , Saudi Arabia has forged closer relations with Al-Islah .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d84bc26a91b9341d4636f901aad88538", "text": "Religious traditionalism in Iran Traditionalism is one of the three basic types of Islam in Iran : traditionalism ( traditional humanism ) , modernism , and a variety of forms of revivalism usually brought together as fundamentalism . Until two hundred years ago , in spite of the many schools and interpretations , many Muslims in Iran lived within the tradition . It was a living tradition , emphasizing the harmony of law , art , and all forms of knowledge . Also a significant Iranian scholar followed the tradition of Persian sufism and pluralism . Currently in Iran there exist three main types of Islam : traditionalists ( represented by Hossein Nasr and Yousef Sanei ) , modernists ( represented by Abdolkarim Soroush ) and different groups under the conservative umbrella ( represented by Ruhollah Khomeini , Ali Khamenei , Mohammad-Taghi Bahjat , Naser Makarem Shirazi , Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi and Hossein Noori Hamedani ) . Iranian Islam differs from the mainstream Sunni Islam and may be better understood by studying the Shia history in Arabia and Iran . Some groups of conservatives and Traditionals humanists have tendencies toward mystical spiritualism and some of them are less political ( or apolitcal ) . In traditional schools , traditional astronomy and geometry are discussed as well as philosophy , Sufism and ethics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7ac76ce17323da16f07f25d2b16e230", "text": "Hajj The Hajj ( -LSB- hædʒ -RSB- -LSB- `` pilgrimage '' ) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca , the most holy city of the Muslims , and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey , and can support their family during their absence . It is one of the five pillars of Islam , alongside Shahadah , Salat , Zakat , and Sawm . The Hajj is the largest annual gathering of people in the world . The state of being physically and financially capable of performing the Hajj is called istita'ah , and a Muslim who fulfills this condition is called a mustati . The Hajj is a demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people , and their submission to God ( Allah ) . The word Hajj means `` to intend a journey '' , which connotes both the outward act of a journey and the inward act of intentions . The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th ( or in some cases 13th ) of Dhu al-Hijjah , the last month of the Islamic calendar . Because the Islamic calendar is lunar and the Islamic year is about eleven days shorter than the Gregorian year , the Gregorian date of Hajj changes from year to year . Ihram is the name given to the special spiritual state in which pilgrims wear two white sheets of seamless cloth and abstain from certain actions . The Hajj is associated with the life of Islamic prophet Muhammad from the 7th century , but the ritual of pilgrimage to Mecca is considered by Muslims to stretch back thousands of years to the time of Abraham . During Hajj , pilgrims join processions of hundreds of thousands of people , who simultaneously converge on Mecca for the week of the Hajj , and perform a series of rituals : each person walks counter-clockwise seven times around the Ka'aba ( the cube-shaped building and the direction of prayer for the Muslims ) , runs back and forth between the hills of Al-Safa and Al-Marwah , drinks from the Zamzam Well , goes to the plains of Mount Arafat to stand in vigil , spends a night in the plain of Muzdalifa , and performs symbolic stoning of the devil by throwing stones at three pillars . The pilgrims then shave their heads , perform a ritual of animal sacrifice , and celebrate the three-day global festival of Eid al-Adha . Pilgrims can also go to Mecca to perform the rituals at other times of the year . This is sometimes called the `` lesser pilgrimage '' , or Umrah . However , even if they choose to perform the Umrah , they are still obligated to perform the Hajj at some other point in their lifetime if they have the means to do so , because Umrah is not a substitute for Hajj .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "159e57e3b7fd6d49fc329fdd7b9dfe5a", "text": "Irreligion in Saudi Arabia Irreligion in Saudi Arabia is difficult to measure as it is illegal to leave the Islamic faith in the country . Most atheists in Saudi Arabia communicate with each other via the internet . According to a Gallup poll , 19 % of Saudi Arabians are not religious and 5 % are atheists . In March 2014 , the Saudi interior ministry issued a royal decree branding all atheists as terrorists , which defines terrorism as `` calling for atheist thought in any form , or calling into question the fundamentals of the Islamic religion on which this country is based . '' Apostasy is punishable by the death penalty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c28198f8ef9a08690191fe970aba20d8", "text": "Ali Ali ( -LSB- ˈɑːli , _ ɑːˈliː -RSB- -LSB- علي , ʿAlī -RSB- , -LSB- ʕaliː -RSB- ; 15 September 601 -- 29 January 661 ) was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad , the prophet of Islam . He ruled over the Caliphate from 656 to 661 , and was Imam of Shia Islam from 632 to 661 . Born to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad , ` Ali was the only person born in the sacred sanctuary of the Ka ` bah in Mecca , the holiest place in Islam , according to many classical Islamic sources , especially Shia ones . ` Ali was the first young male who accepted Islam . After migrating to Medina , he married Muhammad 's daughter Fatimah . Ali took part in the early caravan raids from Mecca and later in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community . He was appointed caliph by Muhammad 's Companions ( Sahaba ) in 656 , after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated . ` Ali 's reign saw civil wars and in 661 , he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa , dying two days later . ` Ali is important to various Sunni and Shi`ite denominations politically , legislatively and spiritually . The numerous biographical sources about Ali are often biased due to sectarianism , but they agree that he was a pious Muslim , devoted to the cause of Islam and a just ruler in accordance with the Qur ' an and the Sunnah . While Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun ( rightly guided ) caliphs , Shi`ites regard ` Ali as the first Imam after Muhammad due to their interpretation of the events at Ghadir Khumm . Shias also believe that ` Ali and the other Shi`ite Imams ( all of whom are members of the Ahl al-Bayt , Muhammad 's household ) are the rightful successors to Muhammad . This disagreement split the Ummah ( Muslim community ) into the Sunni and Shia branches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd1aecdba95a81e407e1f0a9608254ad", "text": "Islam in Canada According to Canada 's 2011 National Household Survey , there were 1,053,945 Muslims in Canada or about 3.2 % of the population , making them the second largest religion after Christianity . In the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , 7.7 % of the population is Muslim , and in Greater Montreal , Muslims are 6 % of the total population . A majority of the Muslim population in Canada follows Sunni Islam , while a significant minority adhere to the Shia and Ahmadiyya branches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a58af3cccf784df073414f1aee42607", "text": "Hejaz The Hejaz , also Al-Hijaz ( اَلْـحِـجَـاز , , literally `` the Barrier '' ) , is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia . The region is so called as it separates the land of the Najd in the east from the land of Tihamah in the west . It is also known as the `` Western Province . '' It is bordered on the west by the Red Sea , on the north by Jordan , on the east by the Najd , and on the south by ` Asir Region . Its main city is Jeddah , but it is probably better known for the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina . As the site of Islam 's holiest places , the Hejaz has significance in the Arab and Islamic historical and political landscape . Historically , the Hejaz has always seen itself as separate from the rest of Saudi Arabia . The Hejaz is the most populated region in Saudi Arabia ; 35 % of all Saudis live in Hejaz . Hejazi Arabic is the most widely spoken dialect in the region . Saudi Hejazis are of ethnically diverse origins . The Hejaz is the most cosmopolitan region in the Arabian Peninsula . People of Hejaz have the most strongly articulated identity of any regional grouping in Saudi Arabia . Their place of origin alienates them from the Saudi state , which invokes different narratives of the history of the Arabian Peninsula . Thus , Hejazis experienced tensions with people of Najd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe7bef75a50c108845a76efa1dd03edf", "text": "Mirza Tahir Ahmad Mirza Tahir Ahmad ( -LSB- ) ( 18 December 1928 -- 19 April 2003 ) was Khalifatul Masih IV ( خليفة المسيح الرابع , khalīfatul masīh al-rābi ) and the head of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community . He was elected as the fourth successor of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad on 10 June 1982 , the day after the death of his predecessor , Mirza Nasir Ahmad . Following the Ordinance XX that was promulgated by the government of Pakistan in 1984 , which prohibited Ahmadi Muslims from any public expression of the Islamic faith , Tahir Ahmad left Pakistan and migrated to London , England , provisionally moving the headquarters of the community to the Fazl Mosque in London . He is noted particularly for his question and answer sessions which he held regularly with people from around the world and for his Quranic discourses . Under his leadership , there was an acceleration in the number of Quran translations produced by the community ; and during his caliphate , the community experienced structural and financial growth on an international level , including the launch of the first Muslim satellite television network , Muslim Television Ahmadiyya in 1994 through which he could communicate televised messages to the community globally and have his sermons and other public engagements transmitted throughout the world through this medium . Tahir Ahmad also authored many books including , Some Distinctive Features of Islam ; Christianity : a Journey From Facts to Fiction ; Murder in the name of Allah , and his magnum opus Revelation , Rationality , Knowledge & Truth . He initiated various funds for humanitarian causes such as the Maryam Shaadi Fund , used to assist deserving parents in marrying off their daughters , the Sayyidna Bilal Fund , for the welfare and upkeep of the families of martyrs who have been killed in the cause of the community and the Yatama Fund to provide financial assistance to orphans especially in Africa , India and Bangladesh . In 1994 , he also initiated the international charity organization Humanity First .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a540bb1faa31e05df879e6f5aa58906", "text": "Early Islamic philosophy Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar ( early 9th century CE ) and lasting until the 6th century AH ( late 12th century CE ) . The period is known as the Islamic Golden Age , and the achievements of this period had a crucial influence in the development of modern philosophy and science ; for Renaissance Europe , the influence represented `` one of the largest technology transfers in world history . '' . This period starts with al-Kindi in the 9th century and ends with Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) at the end of 12th century . The death of Averroes effectively marks the end of a particular discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the Peripatetic Arabic School , and philosophical activity declined significantly in Western Islamic countries , namely in Islamic Spain and North Africa , though it persisted for much longer in the Eastern countries , in particular Persia and India where several schools of philosophy continued to flourish : Avicennism , Illuminationist philosophy , Mystical philosophy , and Transcendent theosophy . Some of the significant achievements of early Muslim philosophers included the development of a strict science of citation , the isnad or `` backing '' ; the development of a method of open inquiry to disprove claims , the ijtihad , which could be generally applied to many types of questions ( although which to apply it to is an ethical question ) ; the willingness to both accept and challenge authority within the same process ; recognition that science and philosophy are both subordinate to morality , and that moral choices are prior to any investigation or concern with either ; the separation of theology ( kalam ) and law ( shariah ) during the early Abbasid period , a precursor to secularism ; the distinction between religion and philosophy , marking the beginning of secular thought ; the beginning of a peer review process ; early ideas on evolution ; the beginnings of the scientific method , an important contribution to the philosophy of science ; the introduction of temporal modal logic and inductive logic ; the beginning of social philosophy , including the formulation of theories on social cohesion and social conflict ; the beginning of the philosophy of history ; the development of the philosophical novel and the concepts of empiricism and tabula rasa ; and distinguishing between essence and existence . Saadia Gaon , David ben Merwan al-Mukkamas , Maimonides , and Thomas Aquinas , were influenced by the Mutazilite work , particularly Avicennism and Averroism , and the Renaissance and the use of empirical methods were inspired at least in part by Arabic translations of Greek , Jewish , Persian and Egyptian works translated into Latin during the Renaissance of the 12th century , and taken during the Reconquista in 1492 . Early Islamic philosophy can be divided into clear sets of influences , branches , schools , and fields , as described below .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95d19e9227b9a22dd7560294eb1087f4", "text": "National Islamic Front The National Islamic Front ( الجبهة الإسلامية القومية transliterated : al-Jabhah al-Islamiyah al-Qawmiyah ) was an Islamist political organization founded in 1976 and led by Dr. Hassan al-Turabi that influenced the Sudanese government starting in 1979 , and dominated it from 1989 to the late 1990s . It was one of only two Islamic revival movements to secure political power in the 20th century ( the other being the followers of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in the Islamic Republic of Iran ) . The NIF emerged from Muslim student groups that first began organizing in the universities during the 1940s , and its main support base has remained the college educated . It supported the maintenance of an Islamic state run on sharia and rejected the concept of a secular state . It took a `` top down '' or `` Islamisation from above '' approach of `` infiltrating Sudan 's state apparatus , army , and financial system '' . It demonstrated itself to be both politically adept and ruthless in its use of violence , in particular in the internal conflicts of the Second Sudanese Civil War and the Darfur conflict , as well in the provisioning of proxy forces such as the Lord 's Resistance Army , West Nile Bank Front and Uganda National Rescue Front II against Uganda . In the late 1990s , the Front changed its name to National Congress , and the `` gross human rights violations '' of the regime 's early years gave way to `` more subtle methods of social control such as restrictions on the right to freedom of expression , opinion , religion , association , and movement . '' In 1999 al-Turabi and his supporters were expelled from the Congress by Sudan 's ruler Omar Hassan al-Bashir , and subsequently founded the rival Popular Congress Party which has remained in opposition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fdd0231489d8b21d264b4705118a623", "text": "Post-monotheism In the philosophy of religion and theology , post-monotheism ( from Greek -LSB- : wikt : μόνος , μόνος -RSB- `` one '' and -LSB- : wikt : θεός , θεός -RSB- `` god , '' with the Latin prefix `` post - '' as in `` after '' or `` beyond '' ) is a term covering a range of different meanings that nonetheless share concern for the status of faith and religious experience in the modern or post-modern era . There is no one originator for the term . Rather , it has independently appeared in the writings of several intellectuals on the Internet and in print . Its most notable use has been in the poetry of Palestinian author Nidaa Khoury , and as a label for a `` new sensibility '' or theological approach proposed by the Islamic historian Christopher Schwartz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e471cdcf83aa0b62f20044b78364b74f", "text": "War against Islam War against Islam , also called the War on Islam or Attack on Islam , is a conspiracy theory narrative in Islamist discourse to describe an alleged conspiracy to harm , weaken or annihilate the societal system of Islam , using military , economic , social and cultural means . The perpetrators of the conspiracy are alleged to be non-Muslims ( kuffār ) , particularly the Western world and `` false Muslims '' , allegedly in collusion with political actors in the Western world . While the contemporary conspiracy theory narrative of the `` War against Islam '' mostly covers general issues of societal transformations in modernization and secularization as well as general issues of international power politics among modern states , the crusades are often narrated as its alleged starting point . The phrase or similar phrases have been used by Islamists such as Sayyid Qutb , Ayatollah Khomeini , Anwar al-Awlaki , Osama bin Laden , Chechen militant Dokka Umarov , cleric Anjem Choudary , and Fort Hood murderer Nidal Malik Hasan . The English-language political neologism of `` War on Islam '' was coined in Islamist discourse in the 1990s and popularized as a conspiracy theory only after 2001 . Jonathan Schanzer has argued that the historical Muslim indifference to the West turned to `` alarmed dislike '' with the beginning of Western military superiority in the 17th century . However , with the end of the era of Western colonialism , Islamist rage against non-Muslims and the governments of Muslim-majority countries stems not from alleged non-Muslim aggression and enmity , but from frustration over the unrelenting encroachment of western culture , technology , economies , and from a yearning for a `` return to the glorious days when Islam reigned supreme . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "187156fd00195da6b5af8fc13d0eeb94", "text": "Mahdi In Islamic eschatology , the Mahdi ( مهدي , ISO 233 : `` guided one '' ) is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for five , seven , nine , or nineteen years ( according to differing interpretations ) before the Day of Judgement ( , literally , the Day of Resurrection ) and will rid the world of evil . There is no explicit reference to the Mahdi in the Qur ` an , but references to him are found in hadith ( the reports and traditions of Muhammad 's teachings collected after his death ) . According to Islamic tradition , the Mahdi 's tenure will coincide with the Second Coming of Jesus Christ ( Isa ) , who is to assist the Mahdi against the Masih ad-Dajjal ( literally , the `` false Messiah '' or Antichrist ) . Differences exist in the concept of the Mahdi between Shia Muslims and adherents of the Sunni tradition . For Sunnis , the Mahdi is the Muslims ' future leader who is yet to come . For most Shia Muslims , the Mahdi was born but disappeared and will remain hidden from humanity until he reappears to bring justice to the world , a doctrine known as the Occultation . For Twelver Shia , this `` hidden Imam '' is Muhammad al-Mahdi , the Twelfth Imam . Throughout history , various individuals have claimed to be the Mahdi . These have included Muhammad Jaunpuri , founder of the Mahdavia sect ; the Báb ( Siyyid Ali Muhammad ) , founder of Bábism ; Muhammad Ahmad , who established the Mahdist state in Sudan in the late 19th century ; and Mirza Ghulam Ahmad , founder of the Ahmadiyya sect .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0c51eaa0c5517b7ec9410d2e435ad81", "text": "Islam in the Central African Republic Islam accounts for approximately 10 % ( 750,000 people ) of the population of the Central African Republic , making it the second most followed organized religion in the country after Christianity ( 80 % ) . The vast majority of Muslims are Sunni of Maliki school of jurisprudence . Most Central African Muslims live in the north-east , near the border with predominantly Muslim Chad and Sudan .", "title": "" } ]	fever
de5e4986e1dd8555fbdb5fe634e0ba7a	Lyme disease is contagious.	[ { "docid": "7f38558aa1c72e2873db02e436f62296", "text": "Contagious disease A contagious disease is a subset category of transmissible diseases , which are transmitted to other persons , either by physical contact with the person suffering the disease , or by casual contact with their secretions or objects touched by them or airborne route among other routes . Non-contagious infections , by contrast , usually require a special mode of transmission between persons or hosts . These include need for intermediate vector species ( mosquitoes that carry malaria ) or by non-casual transfer of bodily fluid ( such as transfusions , needle sharing or sexual contact ) . The boundary between contagious and non-contagious infectious diseases is not perfectly drawn , as illustrated classically by tuberculosis , which is clearly transmissible from person to person , but was not classically considered a contagious disease . In the present day , most sexually transmitted diseases are considered contagious , but only some of them are subject to medical isolation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40621cc266e0f77eb2379670eea2f291", "text": "Lyme disease Lyme disease , also known as Lyme borreliosis , is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the Borrelia type . The most common sign of infection is an expanding area of redness on the skin , known as erythema migrans , that begins at the site of a tick bite about a week after it has occurred . The rash is typically neither itchy nor painful . Approximately 25 -- 50 % of infected people do not develop a rash . Other early symptoms may include fever , headache and feeling tired . If untreated , symptoms may include loss of the ability to move one or both sides of the face , joint pains , severe headaches with neck stiffness , or heart palpitations , among others . Months to years later , repeated episodes of joint pain and swelling may occur . Occasionally , people develop shooting pains or tingling in their arms and legs . Despite appropriate treatment , about 10 to 20 % of people develop joint pains , memory problems , and feel tired for at least six months . Lyme disease is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected ticks of the Ixodes genus . Usually , the tick must be attached for 36 to 48 hours before the bacteria can spread . In North America , Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia mayonii are the cause . In Europe and Asia , the bacteria Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii are also causes of the disease . The disease does not appear to be transmissible between people , by other animals , or through food . Diagnosis is based upon a combination of symptoms , history of tick exposure , and possibly testing for specific antibodies in the blood . Blood tests are often negative in the early stages of the disease . Testing of individual ticks is not typically useful . Prevention includes efforts to prevent tick bites such as by wearing long pants and using DEET . Using pesticides to reduce tick numbers may also be effective . Ticks can be removed using tweezers . If the removed tick was full of blood , a single dose of doxycycline may be used to prevent development of infection , but is not generally recommended since development of infection is rare . If an infection develops , a number of antibiotics are effective , including doxycycline , amoxicillin , and cefuroxime . Treatment is usually for two or three weeks . Some people develop a fever and muscle and joint pains from treatment which may last for one or two days . In those who develop persistent symptoms , long-term antibiotic therapy has not been found to be useful . Lyme disease is the most common disease spread by ticks in the Northern Hemisphere . It is estimated to affect 300,000 people a year in the United States and 65,000 people a year in Europe . Infections are most common in the spring and early summer . Lyme disease was diagnosed as a separate condition for the first time in 1975 in Old Lyme , Connecticut . It was originally mistaken for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis . The bacterium involved was first described in 1981 by Willy Burgdorfer . Chronic symptoms are well described and are known as post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome , although it is often called chronic Lyme disease . Some healthcare providers claim that it is due to ongoing infection ; however , this is not believed to be true . A previous vaccine is no longer available . Research is ongoing to develop new vaccines .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "391dca37ebdd8b0b52996c1e921eb1c2", "text": "Poliomyelitis Poliomyelitis , often called polio or infantile paralysis , is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus . In about 0.5 percent of cases there is muscle weakness resulting in an inability to move . This can occur over a few hours to a few days . The weakness most often involves the legs but may less commonly involve the muscles of the head , neck and diaphragm . Many but not all people fully recover . In those with muscle weakness about 2 to 5 percent of children and 15 to 30 percent of adults die . Another 25 percent of people have minor symptoms such as fever and a sore throat and up to 5 percent have headache , neck stiffness and pains in the arms and legs . These people are usually back to normal within one or two weeks . In up to 70 percent of infections there are no symptoms . Years after recovery post-polio syndrome may occur , with a slow development of muscle weakness similar to that which the person had during the initial infection . Poliovirus is usually spread from person to person through infected fecal matter entering the mouth . It may also be spread by food or water containing human feces and less commonly from infected saliva . Those who are infected may spread the disease for up to six weeks even if no symptoms are present . The disease may be diagnosed by finding the virus in the feces or detecting antibodies against it in the blood . The disease only occurs naturally in humans . The disease is preventable with the polio vaccine ; however , a number of doses are required for it to be effective . The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends polio vaccination boosters for travelers and those who live in countries where the disease is occurring . Once infected there is no specific treatment . In 2016 , polio affected 42 people , while there were about 350,000 cases in 1988 . In 2014 the disease was only spreading between people in Afghanistan , Nigeria , and Pakistan . In 2015 Nigeria had stopped the spread of wild poliovirus but it reoccurred in 2016 . Poliomyelitis has existed for thousands of years , with depictions of the disease in ancient art . The disease was first recognized as a distinct condition by Michael Underwood in 1789 and the virus that causes it was first identified in 1908 by Karl Landsteiner . Major outbreaks started to occur in the late 19th century in Europe and the United States . In the 20th century it became one of the most worrying childhood diseases in these areas . The first polio vaccine was developed in the 1950s by Jonas Salk . It is hoped that vaccination efforts and early detection of cases will result in global eradication of the disease by 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bea25f103694626e5d2513c3078617ec", "text": "Salmonellosis Salmonellosis is a symptomatic infection caused by bacteria of the Salmonella type . The most common symptoms are diarrhea , fever , abdominal cramps , and vomiting . This typically occurs half to three days after exposure with symptoms lasts four to seven days . Occasionally more significant disease can result in dehydration . The old , young , and others with a weak immune systems are more likely to develop severe disease . Specific types of Salmonella can result in typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever . There are two species of Salmonella : Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica with many subtypes . Infection is usually spread via contaminated meat , eggs , or milk . Other foods may spread the disease if they have come into contact with manure . A number of pets may also carry the infection and spread the infection including , cats , dogs , and reptiles . Diagnosis is by a stool test . Efforts to prevent the disease include proper preparation and cooking of food . Mild disease typically does not require specific treatment . More significant cases may need the treatment of electrolyte problems and the replacement of fluids by intravenous . In those at high risk or in whom the disease has spread outside the intestines , antibiotics are recommended . Salmonellosis is one of the most common causes of diarrhea globally . In 2015 , 90,300 deaths occurred from non-typhoidal and 178,000 deaths from typhoidal salmonellosis . In the United States about 1.2 million cases and 450 deaths occur from non -- typhoidal salmonellosis a year . In Europe it is the second most common foodborne disease after campylobacteriosis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eeef80bd0f3a78474337f5510c8a5e3d", "text": "Erythema chronicum migrans Erythema chronicum migrans ( New Latin , literally , `` chronic migrating redness '' ) refers to the rash often ( though not always ) seen in the early stage of Lyme disease . It can appear anywhere from one day to one month after a tick bite . This rash does not represent an allergic reaction to the bite , but rather an actual skin infection with the Lyme bacteria , Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato . `` Erythema migrans is the only manifestation of Lyme disease in the United States that is sufficiently distinctive to allow clinical diagnosis in the absence of laboratory confirmation . '' It is a pathognomonic sign : a physician-identified rash warrants an instant diagnosis of Lyme disease and immediate treatment without further testing , even by the strict criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Such target lesions ( bull 's - eye rashes ) are characteristic of Borrelia infections , and no other pathogens are known that cause this form of rash . A similar condition called Southern Tick Associated Rash Illness ( STARI ) produces a similar rash pattern although it develops more quickly and is smaller . The associated infectious agent has not been determined . Antibiotic treatment resolves the illness quickly . This erythema is also sometimes called erythema migrans or EM . However , a less common meaning of the term `` erythema migrans '' is a mucosal condition of the tongue , also called geographic tongue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96cd670f58cc12e266bebcb9aab7d85e", "text": "Phytophotodermatitis Phytophotodermatitis , also known as `` lime disease '' ( not to be confused with Lyme disease ) , `` Berloque dermatitis '' , or `` Margarita photodermatitis '' is a chemical reaction which makes skin hypersensitive to ultraviolet light . It is frequently mistaken for hereditary conditions such as atopic dermatitis or chemical burns , but it is caused by contact with the photosensitizing compounds found naturally in some plants and vegetables like parsnips , citrus fruits and more . Symptoms include burning , itching and large blisters that slowly accumulate over time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aa6ce3d0f13c4324de41135755a116a", "text": "Bed bug Bed bugs are parasitic insects of the cimicid family that feed exclusively on blood . Cimex lectularius , the common bed bug , is the best known as it prefers to feed on human blood . Other Cimex species specialize in other animals , e.g. , bat bugs , such as Cimex pipistrelli ( Europe ) , Cimex pilosellus ( Western United States ) , and Cimex adjunctus ( entire Eastern United States ) . The name bed bug derives from the preferred habitat of Cimex lectularius : warm houses and especially near or inside beds and bedding or other sleep areas . Bed bugs are mainly active at night , but are not exclusively nocturnal . They usually feed on their hosts without being noticed . A number of adverse health effects may result from bed bug bites , including skin rashes , psychological effects , and allergic symptoms . Bed bugs are not known to transmit any pathogens as disease vectors . Certain signs and symptoms suggest the presence of bed bugs ; finding the adult insects confirms the diagnosis . Bed bugs have been known as human parasites for thousands of years . At a point in the early 1940s , they were mostly eradicated in the developed world , but have increased in prevalence since 1995 , likely due to pesticide resistance , governmental bans on effective pesticides , and international travel . Because infestation of human habitats has begun to increase , bed bug bites and related conditions have been on the rise as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99deb149e2378553f5450aa5ae7e3394", "text": "Microfilaria Microfilaria may also refer to an informal `` collective group '' genus name , proposed by Cobbold in 1882 . While a convenient category for newly discovered microfilariae which can not be assigned to a known species because the adults are unknown , it is seldom used today . The microfilaria ( plural microfilariae , sometimes abbreviated mf ) is an early stage in the life cycle of certain parasitic nematodes in the family Onchocercidae . In these species , the adults live in a tissue or the circulatory system of vertebrates ( the `` definitive hosts '' ) . They release microfilariae into the bloodstream of the vertebrate host . The microfilariae are taken up by blood-feeding arthropod vectors ( the `` intermediate hosts '' ) . In the intermediate host the microfilariae develop into infective larvae that can be transmitted to a new vertebrate host . The presence of microfilariae in the host bloodstream is called `` microfilaraemia '' . The success of filariasis eradication programs is typically gauged by the reduction in numbers of circulating microfilariae in infested individuals within a geographic area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20d3734d75d9d4f52d686837e947d2e4", "text": "Tamara Awerbuch-Friedlander Tamara Eugenia Awerbuch-Friedlander , PhD , is a biomathematician and public health scientist at Harvard School of Public Health in Boston , Massachusetts . Her primary research and publications focus on biosocial interactions that cause or contribute to disease . She also is believed to be the first female Harvard Faculty member to have had a jury trial for a lawsuit filed against Harvard University for sex discrimination . Currently , she is an instructor in the Department of Global Health and Population of the Harvard School of Public Health . Since the beginning of this century , she has organized and carried out research on conditions that lead to the emergence , maintenance , and spread of epidemics . Her research encompasses sexually-transmitted diseases ( STDs ) such as HIV/AIDS , as well as vector-borne diseases , such as Lyme disease , dengue , and Zika virus and Zika fever . Dr. Awerbuch-Friedlander recently researched the spread and control of rabies based on an eco-historical analysis . Her work is interdisciplinary , and some of her publications are co-authored with international scientists and members of different departments of the HSPH and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Ecology and evolutionary biology have traditionally been the dominant fields of mathematical biology , but public health fields are effectively contextualized within them . Conditions contributing to the emergence of epidemics are complex in nature , involving biological , ecological , behavioral , environmental , and socioeconomic factors . Most of her research mathematically models these factors as systems that lend themselves to qualitative and quantitative analysis . These models can be used to explore the effect of each factor in the presence of the others as well as new interventions . Many of these models are based on data collected in the field , whether they concern zoonotic diseases such as the population dynamics of the tick that transmits Lyme disease in the Northeastern part of the United States , or sexually transmitted diseases , such as the relative probabilities of HIV1 and HIV2 infection in a cohort of prostitutes in Senegal . Some of her analytical mathematical models led to fundamental epidemiological discoveries , for example , that oscillations are an intrinsic property of tick dynamics . This means that a decrease in tick abundance in one year does not necessary imply that the same will happen in the next . She presented her work in many international conferences and at the Isaac Newton Institute of Mathematical Sciences in Cambridge , England , where she was invited to participate in the Program on Models of Epidemics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6c496afbe921fc15ee3d12b23dfb5cc", "text": "Chagas disease Chagas disease , also known as American trypanosomiasis , is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi . It is spread mostly by insects known as Triatominae or kissing bugs . The symptoms change over the course of the infection . In the early stage , symptoms are typically either not present or mild , and may include fever , swollen lymph nodes , headaches , or local swelling at the site of the bite . After 8 -- 12 weeks , individuals enter the chronic phase of disease and in 60 -- 70 % it never produces further symptoms . The other 30 to 40 % of people develop further symptoms 10 to 30 years after the initial infection , including enlargement of the ventricles of the heart in 20 to 30 % , leading to heart failure . An enlarged esophagus or an enlarged colon may also occur in 10 % of people . T. cruzi is commonly spread to humans and other mammals by the blood-sucking `` kissing bugs '' of the subfamily Triatominae . These insects are known by a number of local names , including : vinchuca in Argentina , Bolivia , Chile and Paraguay , barbeiro ( the barber ) in Brazil , pito in Colombia , chinche in Central America , and chipo in Venezuela . The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion , organ transplantation , eating food contaminated with the parasites , and by vertical transmission ( from a mother to her fetus ) . Diagnosis of early disease is by finding the parasite in the blood using a microscope . Chronic disease is diagnosed by finding antibodies for T. cruzi in the blood . Prevention mostly involves eliminating kissing bugs and avoiding their bites . Other preventative efforts include screening blood used for transfusions . A vaccine has not been developed as of 2013 . Early infections are treatable with the medication benznidazole or nifurtimox . Medication nearly always results in a cure if given early , but becomes less effective the longer a person has had Chagas disease . When used in chronic disease , medication may delay or prevent the development of end -- stage symptoms . Benznidazole and nifurtimox cause temporary side effects in up to 40 % of people including skin disorders , brain toxicity , and digestive system irritation . It is estimated that 6.6 million people , mostly in Mexico , Central America and South America , have Chagas disease as of 2015 . In 2015 , Chagas was estimated to result in 8,000 deaths . Most people with the disease are poor , and most do not realize they are infected . Large-scale population movements have increased the areas where Chagas disease is found and these include many European countries and the United States . These areas have also seen an increase in the years up to 2014 . The disease was first described in 1909 by Carlos Chagas after whom it is named . Chagas disease is classified as a neglected tropical disease . It affects more than 150 other animals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5489d4fc04f8d4549cb0e924b97b66c4", "text": "Zika fever Zika fever , also known as Zika virus disease or simply Zika , is an infectious disease caused by the Zika virus . Most cases have no symptoms , but when present they are usually mild and can resemble dengue fever . Symptoms may include fever , red eyes , joint pain , headache , and a maculopapular rash . Symptoms generally last less than seven days . It has not caused any reported deaths during the initial infection . Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other brain malformations in some babies . Infections in adults have been linked to Guillain -- Barré syndrome ( GBS ) . Zika fever is mainly spread via the bite of mosquitoes of the Aedes type . It can also be sexually transmitted and potentially spread by blood transfusions . Infections in pregnant women can spread to the baby . Diagnosis is by testing the blood , urine , or saliva for the presence of the virus 's RNA when the person is sick , or the blood for antibodies after symptoms are present more than a week . Prevention involves decreasing mosquito bites in areas where the disease occurs and proper use of condoms . Efforts to prevent bites include the use of insect repellent , covering much of the body with clothing , mosquito nets , and getting rid of standing water where mosquitoes reproduce . There is no effective vaccine . Health officials recommended that women in areas affected by the 2015 -- 16 Zika outbreak consider putting off pregnancy and that pregnant women not travel to these areas . While there is no specific treatment , paracetamol ( acetaminophen ) may help with the symptoms . Admission to hospital is rarely necessary . The virus that causes the disease was first isolated in Africa in 1947 . The first documented outbreak among people occurred in 2007 in the Federated States of Micronesia . An outbreak started in Brazil in 2015 , and spread to the Americas , Pacific , Asia , and Africa . This led to the World Health Organization declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in February 2016 . The emergency was lifted in November 2016 , but 84 countries still reported cases as of March 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed758f1b465a95c58feedf90759ff931", "text": "Flavivirus Flavivirus is a genus of viruses in the family Flaviviridae . This genus includes the West Nile virus , dengue virus , tick-borne encephalitis virus , yellow fever virus , Zika virus and several other viruses which may cause encephalitis , as well as insect-specific flaviviruses ( ISFs ) such as cell fusing agent virus ( CFAV ) , Palm Creek virus ( PCV ) , and Parramatta River virus ( PaRV ) . Flaviviruses are named from the yellow fever virus , the type virus for the family ; the word flavus '' means `` yellow '' in Latin . The name yellow fever in turn originated from its propensity to cause yellow jaundice in victims . Flaviviruses share several common aspects : common size ( 40 -- 65 nm ) , symmetry ( enveloped , icosahedral nucleocapsid ) , nucleic acid ( positive-sense , single-stranded RNA around 10,000 -- 11,000 bases ) , and appearance in the electron microscope . Most of these viruses are transmitted by the bite from an infected arthropod ( mosquito or tick ) and hence , classified as arboviruses . Human infections with these viruses are typically incidental , as humans are usually unable to replicate the virus to high enough titers to reinfect the arthropods needed to continue the virus lifecycle -- humans are a dead end host . The exceptions to this are the yellow fever , dengue , and zika viruses , which still require mosquito vectors , but are well-enough adapted to humans as to not necessarily depend upon animal hosts ( although they continue to have important animal transmission routes , as well ) . Other virus transmission routes for arboviruses include handling infected animal carcasses , blood transfusion , child birth and through consumption of unpasteurised milk products . Transmission from nonhuman vertebrates to humans without an intermediate vector arthropod is thought to be unlikely . For example , early tests with yellow fever showed that the disease is not contagious . The known non-arboviruses of the flavivirus family reproduce in either arthropods or vertebrates , but not both , with one odd member of the genus affecting a nematode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00c8695d6fe1d878a8f1ffefbf5297db", "text": "Tyzzer's disease Tyzzer 's disease is an acute epizootic bacterial disease found in rodents , rabbits , dogs , cats , birds , pandas , deer , foals , cattle , and other mammals including gerbils . It is caused by the spore-forming bacterium Clostridium piliforme , formerly known as Bacillus piliformis . It is an infectious disease characterized by necrotic lesions on the liver , is usually fatal , and is present worldwide . Animals with the disease become infected through oral ingestion of the bacterial spores and usually die within a matter of days . Animals most commonly affected include young , stressed animals in laboratory environments , such as immature rodents and rabbits . Most commonly affected wild animals include muskrats ( Ondatra zibethicus ) and occasionally cottontail rabbits ( Lepus sylvaticus ) . Even today , much remains unknown about Tyzzer 's disease , including how and why it occurs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "225192f7f1dc3c7eff3f8cae6eb1317a", "text": "Oesophagostomum Oesophagostomum is a genus of parasitic nematodes of the family Strongyloidae . These worms occur in Africa , Brazil , China , Indonesia and the Philippines . The majority of human infection with Oesophagostomum is localized to northern Togo and Ghana . Because the eggs may be indistinguishable from those of the hookworms ( which are widely distributed and can also rarely cause helminthomas ) , the species causing human helminthomas are rarely identified with accuracy . Oesophagostomum , especially O. bifurcum , are common parasites of livestock and animals like goats , pigs and non-human primates , although it seems that humans are increasingly becoming favorable hosts as well . The disease they cause , oesophagostomiasis , is known for the nodule formation it causes in the intestines of its infected hosts , which can lead to more serious problems such as dysentery . Although the routes of human infection have yet to be elucidated sufficiently , it is believed that transmission occurs through oral-fecal means , with infected humans unknowingly ingesting soil containing the infectious filariform larvae . Oesophagostomum infection is largely localized to northern Togo and Ghana in western Africa where it is a serious public health problem . Because it is so localized , research on intervention measures and the implementation of effective public health interventions have been lacking . In recent years , however , there have been advances in the diagnosis of Oesophagostomum infection with PCR assays and ultrasound and recent interventions involving mass treatment with albendazole shows promise for controlling and possibly eliminating Oesophagostomum infection in northern Togo and Ghana .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60a107add255432dffebbdc6be093719", "text": "Soil-transmitted helminth The soil-transmitted helminths ( also called geohelminths ) are a group of intestinal parasites belonging to the phylum Nematoda that are transmitted primarily through contaminated soil . They are so called because they have a direct life cycle which requires no intermediate hosts or vectors , and the parasitic infection occurs through faecal contamination of soil , foodstuffs and water supplies . The adult forms are essentially parasites of humans , causing soil-transmitted helminthiasis ( STH ) , but also infect domesticated mammals . The juveniles are the infective forms and they undergo tissue-migratory stages during which they invade vital organs such as lungs and liver . Thus the disease manifestations can be both local and systemic . The geohelminths together present an enormous infection burden on humanity , amounting to 135,000 deaths every year , and persistent infection of more than two billion people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265abcfb75a2a14863829d1151eee3c6", "text": "Louping ill Louping-ill ( also known as Ovine Encephalomyelitis , Infectious Encephalomyelitis of Sheep , Trembling-ill ) is an acute viral disease primarily of sheep that is characterized by a biphasic fever , depression , ataxia , muscular incoordination , tremors , posterior paralysis , coma , and death . Louping-ill is a tick-transmitted disease whose occurrence is closely related to the distribution of the primary vector , the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus . It also causes disease in red grouse , and can affect humans . The name ` louping-ill ' is derived from an old Scottish word describing the effect of the disease in sheep whereby they ` loup ' or spring into the air .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9da62b77285ad663e433c0ee9191fae4", "text": "Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidiosis , also known as crypto , is a parasitic disease caused by Cryptosporidium , a genus of protozoan parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa . It affects the distal small intestine and can affect the respiratory tract in both immunocompetent ( i.e. , individuals with a normal functioning immune system ) and immunocompromised ( e.g. , persons with HIV/AIDS or autoimmune disorders ) individuals , resulting in watery diarrhea with or without an unexplained cough . In immunocompromised individuals , the symptoms are particularly severe and can be fatal . It is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route , often through contaminated water ; recent evidence suggests that it can also be transmitted via fomites in respiratory secretions . Cryptosporidium is the organism most commonly isolated in HIV-positive patients presenting with diarrhea . Despite not being identified until 1976 , it is one of the most common waterborne diseases and is found worldwide . The parasite is transmitted by environmentally hardy microbial cysts ( oocysts ) that , once ingested , sporozoites within oocysts excyst ( i.e. , are released ) and result in an infection of intestinal epithelial tissue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df1d3bcac617e12db74ec69e30022ace", "text": "Zoonosis Zoonoses ( -LSB- ˌzoʊ.əˈnoʊsᵻs -RSB- , plural - -LSB- ˈnoʊsiːz -RSB- , also spelled zoönoses ; singular zoonosis ( or zoönosis ) ; from Greek : ζῷον zoon `` animal '' and νόσος nosos `` sickness '' ) are infectious diseases of animals ( usually vertebrates ) that can naturally be transmitted to humans . Major modern diseases such as Ebola virus disease and salmonellosis are zoonoses . HIV was a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans in the early part of the 20th century , though it has now evolved to a separate human-only disease . Most strains of influenza that infect humans are human diseases , although many strains of swine and bird flu are zoonoses ; these viruses occasionally recombine with human strains of the flu and can cause pandemics such as the 1918 Spanish flu or the 2009 swine flu . Taenia solium infection is one of the neglected tropical diseases with public health and veterinary concern in endemic regions . Zoonoses can be caused by a range of disease pathogens such as viruses , bacteria , fungi and parasites ; of 1,415 pathogens known to infect humans , 61 % were zoonotic . Most human diseases originated in animals ; however , only diseases that routinely involve animal to human transmission , like rabies , are considered direct zoonosis . Zoonoses have different modes of transmission . In direct zoonosis the disease is directly transmitted from animals to humans through media such as air ( influenza ) or through bites and saliva ( rabies ) . In contrast , transmission can also occur via an intermediate species ( referred to as a vector ) , which carry the disease pathogen without getting infected . When humans infect animals , it is called reverse zoonosis or anthroponosis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13f20252efe1e985acde34e80df4af9b", "text": "Relapsing fever Relapsing fever is a vector-borne disease caused by infection with certain bacteria in the genus Borrelia , which are transmitted through the bites of lice or soft-bodied ticks ( genus Ornithodoros ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23d23c710ce49456d1233f823f0aba03", "text": "Dracunculiasis Dracunculiasis , also called Guinea-worm disease ( GWD ) , is an infection by the Guinea worm . A person becomes infected when they drink water that contains water fleas infected with guinea worm larvae . Initially there are no symptoms . About one year later , the person develops a painful burning feeling as the female worm forms a blister in the skin , usually on a lower limb . The worm then emerges from the skin over the course of a few weeks . During this time , it may be difficult to walk or work . It is very uncommon for the disease to cause death . In humans , the only known cause is Dracunculus medinensis . The worm is about one to two millimeters wide , and an adult female is 60 to 100 centimeters long ( males are much shorter at 12 - ) . Outside of humans , the young form can survive up to three weeks , during which they must be eaten by water fleas to continue to develop . The larva inside water fleas may survive up to four months . Thus , in order for the disease to remain in an area , it must occur each year in humans . A diagnosis of the disease can usually be made based on the signs and symptoms . Prevention is by early diagnosis of the disease followed by keeping the person from putting the wound in drinking water to decrease spread of the parasite . Other efforts include improving access to clean water and otherwise filtering water if it is not clean . Filtering through a cloth is often enough . Contaminated drinking water may be treated with a chemical called temefos to kill the larva . There is no medication or vaccine against the disease . The worm may be slowly removed over a few weeks by rolling it over a stick . The ulcers formed by the emerging worm may get infected by bacteria . Pain may continue for months after the worm has been removed . In 2015 there were 22 reported cases of the disease while in 2016 there were 25 . This is down from an estimated 3.5 million cases in 1986 . In 2016 the disease occurred in three countries , all in Africa , down from 20 countries in the 1980s . It will likely be the first parasitic disease to be globally eradicated . Guinea worm disease has been known since ancient times . It is mentioned in the Egyptian medical Ebers Papyrus , dating from 1550 BC . The name dracunculiasis is derived from the Latin `` affliction with little dragons '' , while the name `` guinea worm '' appeared after Europeans saw the disease on the Guinea coast of West Africa in the 17th century . Other Dracunculus species are known to infect various mammals , but do not appear to infect humans . Dracunculiasis is classified as a neglected tropical disease . Because dogs may also become infected , the eradication program is monitoring and treating dogs as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26b9b7da9a810c4c8dc9a0b93c64d504", "text": "ProMED-mail Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases ( also known as ProMED-mail , abbreviated ProMED ) is among the largest publicly available emerging diseases and outbreak reporting systems in the world . The central purpose of ProMED is to promote communication amongst the international infectious disease community , including scientists , physicians , veterinarians , epidemiologists , public health professionals , and others interested in infectious diseases on a global scale . Founded in 1994 , ProMED has pioneered the concept of electronic , Internet-based emerging disease and outbreak detection reporting . In 1999 , ProMED became a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases . As of 2016 , ProMED has more than 75,000 subscribers in over 185 countries . With an average of 13 posts per day , ProMED provides users with up-to-date information concerning infectious disease outbreaks on a global scale . ProMED 's guiding principles include : Transparency and a commitment to the unfettered flow of outbreak information Freedom from political constraints Availability to all without cost Commitment to One Health Service to the global health community One of the essential global health priorities is the timely recognition and reporting of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases . Early recognition can enable coordinated and rapid responses to an outbreak , preventing catastrophic morbidity and mortality . Additionally , early detection can alleviate grave economic hardship brought upon by pandemics and emerging diseases . Burgeoning globalization of commerce , finance , manufacturing , and services has fostered ever-increasing movement of people , animals , plants , food , and feed . Other contributing factors to the risk of new pathogens emerging and known pathogens re-emerging include climate change , urbanization , land use changes , and political instability . Outbreaks that begin in the most remote parts of the world now spread swiftly to urban centers in countries far away . The epidemiological data in ProMED posts has been used to estimate mortality rates and demographic parameters for specific diseases . The severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS ) outbreak in 2003 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome ( MERS ) outbreak in 2012 demonstrated the importance of early identification for emerging disease occurrences . The initial outbreak reports in both events were posted by astute clinicians . The use of non-traditional information sources can provide prompt information to the international community on emerging infectious disease problems that have yet to be officially reported . The early dissemination of information may lead to rapid official confirmation of ongoing outbreaks . The Epicore program , launched in March 2016 , makes use of volunteers throughout the world to find and report outbreaks using non-traditional methods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9ef0d8a8c27e40570e35f8d55a04d62", "text": "Black Death in England The Black Death was a pneumonic plague pandemic , which reached England in June 1348 , and died down by December 1349 . It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic , caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria . The term `` Black Death '' was not used until the late 17th Century . Originating in China , it spread west along the trade routes across Europe and arrived on the British Isles from the English province of Gascony . The plague seems to have been spread by flea-infected rats , as well as individuals who had been infected on the continent . Rats were the reservoir hosts of the Y. pestis bacteria and the Oriental rat flea was the primary vector . The first known case in England was a seaman who arrived at Weymouth , Dorset , from Gascony in June 1348 . By autumn , the plague had reached London , and by summer 1349 it covered the entire country , before dying down by December . Low estimates of mortality in the early twentieth century have been revised upwards due to re-examination of data and new information , and a figure of 40 -- 60 % of the population is widely accepted . The English government handled the crisis well , and the country did not experience the extreme reactions that were seen elsewhere in Europe . The most immediate consequence was a halt to the campaigns of the Hundred Years ' War . In the long term , the decrease in population caused a shortage of labour , with subsequent rise in wages , resisted by the landowners , which caused deep resentment among the lower classes . The Peasants ' Revolt of 1381 was largely a result of this resentment , and even though the rebellion was suppressed , in the long term serfdom was ended in England . The Black Death also affected artistic and cultural efforts , and may have helped advance the use of the vernacular . In 1361 -- 62 the plague returned to England , this time causing the death of around 20 % of the population . After this the plague continued to return intermittently throughout the 14th and 15th centuries , in local or national outbreaks . From this point on its effect became less severe , and one of the last outbreaks of the plague in England was the Great Plague of London in 1665 -- 66 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
a555ee551965b60fe9392f12c39ca30c	The World Science Festival is New York headquartered.	[ { "docid": "930c62fe70995cc0532b2d6363b502db", "text": "World Science Festival The World Science Festival is an annual science festival produced by the World Science Foundation , a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non-profit organization headquartered in New York City . The foundation 's mission is to cultivate a general public informed by science , inspired by its wonder , convinced of its value , and prepared to engage with its implications for the future .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "1035bc6148d4eea154c5b87b80ea676f", "text": "Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science The Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science is a cross-disciplinary organization founded in 2009 within Stony Brook University 's School of Journalism , in Stony Brook , New York . Its current director is Laura Lindenfield . Its goal is to help scientists learn to communicate more effectively with the public , including policymakers , students , funders and the media . It was inspired by Alan Alda , the actor , writer and science advocate , in whose honor it was renamed in 2013 , and is supported by Brookhaven National Laboratory and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory . The Center offers courses in communication that have been taken by more than 200 graduate students in the sciences and health professions at Stony Brook . It also conducts workshops at universities , laboratories and science meetings around the country . Many of its workshops use improvisational theater exercises to help scientists connect more directly with listeners and respond more spontaneously to their needs . In 2012 , Alda and the Center issued the `` Flame Challenge '' , asking scientists to come up with the best explanation for a flame for an intended audience of 11-year-olds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e01be870b013663ed113591e048e6684", "text": "Society for Literature, Science, and the Arts The Society for Literature , Science , and the Arts ( SLSA ) is a United States-based academic organization whose members `` share an interest in problems of science and representation , and in the cultural and social dimensions of science , technology , and medicine . '' The SLSA publishes the journal Configurations , published by Johns Hopkins University Press , and a members ' newsletter Decodings . It holds an annual conference that `` attracts hundreds of participants from many different disciplines , including the history , sociology , anthropology , rhetoric , and philosophy of science , technology and medicine ; literary history and criticism ; art history and media studies ; the cognitive sciences ; and all areas of science , technology , engineering , and medicine '' ( the 30th being in 2016 ) . The European Society for Literature , Science and the Arts ( SLSAeu ) is a sister body . The Society 's own webpage is inconsistent as to whether there is a comma after `` Science '' in its name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94a63e9d0b5b13696f0139619fb94c02", "text": "COSI Columbus COSI ( an acronym for Center of Science and Industry ) is a science museum and research center located in Columbus , Ohio in the United States . Originally opened in 1964 , COSI was relocated to a 320,000 square foot state-of-the-art facility designed by Japanese architect Arata Isozaki along a bend in the Scioto River in 1999 . COSI features more than 300 interactive exhibits throughout themed exhibition areas . As a `` center of science and industry '' ( rather than a standalone `` science center '' ) , COSI established embedded partnerships with local organizations . WOSU@COSI ( Central Ohio 's NPR member station and Public Broadcasting Service public media station ) maintains a digital media center and offices ; OSU maintains a center of research as well as health & medicine laboratories staffed by medical residents ; and Columbus Historical Society maintains offices and exhibit space . COSI also operates the largest outreach education program of any science museum in the United States through COSI in the Classroom , 21st Century Lab field trip experiences , international distance education Interactive Video Conferencing programs , and COSI On Wheels traveling outreach program . As well , COSI originated the Camp-In overnight program for Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts in 1972 -- a concept that is now commonplace in museums nationwide . Since 1964 , COSI has engaged with nearly 30 million unique visitors through on-site and outreach programs . As a not-for-profit organization , COSI is supported by ticket sales , a network of community and statewide partnerships ( including relationships with a variety of donors and sponsors ) , a volunteer program supported by 10,000 volunteers annually , and nearly 20,000 member households . In 2008 , COSI was the named the # 1 science center in the United States for families by Parent Magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc61bbc03a8830922da4eab2f3f25343", "text": "New York Competition of Dramatic Arts The New York Competition of Dramatic Arts ( NYCODA ) is an Annual Performance Festival and Competition for actors , located in New York City . NYCODA , established in the spring of 2008 , is becoming known for its appeal to both amateur and professional actors , but with a wider appeal to other areas of the performing arts . The company flew below the radar for a while , but is fast becoming known on the New York Performance Arts scene , and being identified as uniquely Brooklyn . In fact , many are calling it a Brooklyn movement of performance artists and a haven for the aspiring actor . NYCODA was established as an annual performance festival and competition , where actors can compete in different genres , such as Shakespearean Drama , Dramatic Duologue , Humorous Verse and Open Reading . Actors compete in these categories , with the Open Reading category a favorite , because the actor has freedom to choose what to perform . In fact , many actors write and perform their own work in this category . The NYCODA competition is typically held in the Fall of each year in the New York City borough of Brooklyn . Contestants submit samples of their performances , typically monologues , via the company 's website . The contestants are chosen months in advance , and are notified by the Summer preceding the Fall event . The festival is a one-day event and category winners are chosen at the end of the night and presented with some of the most sought after awards in the industry , with the biggest award , The NYCODA Actor Award going to the overall winner of the festival . The event is recorded for television purposes . While the NYCODA festival primarily features competing actors , many other performance artists are included . Dancers , singers and other performers help add to the rich and complex texture of the event , and now the festival is being called the Sundance Festival of Brooklyn and the buzz is already alive in the community of aspiring actors , who see the festival and competition as another outlet to have their skills recognized and an opportunity to perform live on stage in front of a large audience . Many noteworthy organizations are already in line to endorse the NYCODA movement , and to applaud it as the festival for which New York has long waited . The company has begun to develop an international outlook and has begun partnering with international agencies , in Africa and Europe . Through their international program , NYCODA welcomes actors and performance artists from all over the country and all over the world , and some NYCODA contestants have the opportunity to perform internationally as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a059b4db631b1f4ce0f68f92063d534", "text": "IBM Research IBM Research is IBM 's research and development division . It is the largest industrial research organization in the world , with twelve labs on six continents . The roots of today 's IBM Research began with the 1945 opening of the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory at Columbia University . This was the first IBM laboratory devoted to pure science and later expanded into additional IBM Research locations in Westchester County , New York starting in the 1950s , including the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in 1961 . IBM employees have garnered six Nobel Prizes , six Turing Awards , 20 inductees into the U.S. National Inventors Hall of Fame , 19 National Medals of Technology , five National Medals of Science and three Kavli Prizes . As of 2016 , the company held the record for most patents generated by a business for 24 consecutive years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b2d3f431af20b04399774829fdf29cc", "text": "Green Car Congress Green Car Congress ( GCC ) is a newsfeed website dedicated to provide the latest information and news about energy options , technologies , products , issues and policies related to sustainable mobility and access to its content is provided free of charge . GCC reports daily any relevant development around the world regarding alternative vehicles and powertrains , clean and alternative fuels , alternative sources of clean energy , technologies to curb greenhouse gas emissions which accelerate global warming resulting in climate change , and related policies and sustainability issues in general . Green Car Congress editorial goal is `` to support our transition from primary dependence on fossil fuels to self-reliance on clean , healthy , sustainable , harmonious alternative energies . '' GCC target audience comprises members of every segment of the energy and transportation markets , including industry , government , academia and the public , and readers are allowed to comment on the materials posted blog style . Green Car Congress is linked or recommended as an external resource for news and issues regarding sustainable mobility by newspapers , academic centers , and several environmental group sites such as The New York Times , the Illinois Sustainable Technology Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology , the Oregon Department of Transportation , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , the Electric Drive Transportation Association , TreeHugger , Bioenergy Wiki , Greenedia , and ScienceBlips .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1def2d4f6b7f8c598352e0f305767bd", "text": "New York Summer Music Festival The New York Summer Music Festival ( NYSMF ) was a summer program for high school students that operated from 2006 to 2015 . The camp was held at the State University of New York at Oneonta ( SUNY Oneonta ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4043717b3a4af601248f8014ae73b475", "text": "Ludwig Cancer Research Ludwig Cancer Research is an international community of scientists focused on cancer research , with the goals of preventing and controlling cancer . It encompasses the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , an international non-profit organization founded in 1971 by philanthropist Daniel K. Ludwig . The Institute is headquartered in New York City with a European office located in Zurich . In addition , six Ludwig Centers were established at leading US cancer research institutions . Together , the Institute and Centers are known as Ludwig Cancer Research . Since its founding in 1971 , Ludwig Cancer Research has committed more than ( US ) $ 2.5 billion to cancer research . Ludwig Cancer Research focuses on both basic research and translational research , with specific emphasis on cell biology , genomics , immunology , neuroscience , prevention , cell signaling , stem cells , therapeutics , and tumor biology , as well as clinical trials and the design and development of small molecules with drug-like properties . Its researchers also focus on particular types of malignancy , including brain cancer , breast cancer , colon cancer , and melanoma .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6e2ae3412b8ae9146f0a660e2f7db57", "text": "Music of the Spheres Society Inspired by the Neoplatonic academies of 16th and 17th-century Italy , which combined discourse with musical presentations , the Music of the Spheres Society was founded in 2001 by its artistic director and violinist , Stephanie Chase , and hornist Ann Ellsworth . Its first concert took place in New York City on November 1 , 2001 , the proceeds of which were donated to families of firefighters from two nearby stations who were killed at the World Trade Center disaster . The mission of the Society is to promote classical music through innovative chamber music concerts and pre-concert lectures which illuminate music 's historical , philosophical and scientific foundations , in order to give greater context for music to the average audience member . The Music of the Spheres Society features a core group of artists - Stephanie Chase ( violin ) , Hsin-Yun Huang ( viola ) , and Jon Manasse ( clarinet ) - plus guest artists that include soloists , chamber musicians , and principal members of the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra . Its concerts feature works composed for one to nine performers , dating from the 16th to 21st centuries . Many of the Society 's artists specialize in historically informed performance practices or contemporary music . Of a performance by the Society of Messiaen 's Quartet for the End of Time , a New York Times critic wrote : `` These musicians brought the music vividly to life in every particular . They should be playing it everywhere . They should go on the road with it tomorrow . '' Concert programs presented by the Society explore the contexts of music and include chamber music master-pieces , lesser-known works , and world or US premieres . Contemporary music performed by the Society has included world premieres and works by Edward Applebaum , John Harbison , Lou Harrison , and Jose Evangelista . Works by less-known composers - such as Juan Arriaga , Johan Kvandal , Leoš Janáček , Jan Dussek , Zdenek Fibich , and Bohuslav Martinu - are programmed alongside composers such as Brahms , Schubert , Mozart , Ravel , Beethoven , and Prokofiev . Since 2001 the Society has presented a series of chamber music concerts in New York City - at venues that include Weill Recital Hall at Carnegie Hall , Merkin Concert Hall , the Society for Ethical Culture - and has been presented by concert organizations that include The Metropolitan Museum of Art , Dallas Chamber Music and Troy ( NY ) Friends of Music . The Society presents concerts on both original and modern style instruments . Lectures presented by the Society focus primarily on a philosophical , scientific , or historic aspect of music and reveal some of the historic contexts of composed music . Guest lecturers have included music historians , an organologist , a Freudian analyst , music therapists , and ethnomusicologists . `` Music of the Spheres '' is a term applied to an idea put forth by the Greek scholar Pythagoras ( 6th century BCE ) and his followers , among them Plato and Kepler , that the proportional ratios used to describe musical intervals also refer to those of the physical universe , including the orbiting motion of planets . Pythagoras recognized the innate connection between musical sound , or its `` pitch , '' and the physical characteristics of an object producing that sound . He is credited with discovering the physical laws of musical sound through his observations that the ratio of mass - as in a vibrating string length sounding an interval - of a fifth is 2:3 , that of an octave is 1:2 , and that of the fourth is 3:4 . Thus , he proved that there is a correlation between the vibrations of sound and the physical world , such as that of numbers and proportion . ( See Music and mathematics . ) Incorporated in February 2002 , the Music of the Spheres Society is a non-profit , 501 c ( 3 ) organization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8247835a52b7f924ba74b9e723193b3b", "text": "Wunderman Wunderman is a network of advertising , marketing and consulting companies with offices in 60 countries . Headquartered in New York City , Wunderman is part of Young & Rubicam Brands and a member of WPP Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7129827fb2f7f6d13009977ac49f31a3", "text": "Creative Science Foundation The Creative Science Foundation ( CSf ) is a non-profit organization , established on the 4th of November 2011 in London , England , that advocates a synergetic relationship between creative arts ( e.g. writing , films , art , dance etc. ) and sciences ( e.g. engineering , business , socio-political etc. ) as a means to fostering innovation . It is best known for its use of Science Fiction Prototyping as an ideation , communication and prototyping tool for product innovation . The foundation 's main modus-operandi are the organisation or sponsorship of vacation-schools , workshops , seminars , conferences , journals , publications and projects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbd7d3bbcb245f28a7d82f9b4a8c0de4", "text": "Heidelberg Appeal The Heidelberg Appeal , authored by Michel Salomon and signed by a large number of scientists , is a statement decrying `` an irrational ideology which is opposed to scientific and industrial progress , and impedes economic and social development . '' Issued to coincide with the opening of the United Nations-sponsored Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 , the Appeal stated that its signers : `` share the objectives of the ` Earth Summit ' '' but advised `` the authorities in charge of our planet 's destiny against decisions which are supported by pseudo-scientific arguments or false and non-relevant data . ... The greatest evils which stalk our Earth are ignorance and oppression , and not Science , Technology and Industry . '' It was carefully worded to be directed generally at underfunded and poorly conducted science , rather than specifically at climate change . This allowed it to be promoted and exploited by a number of different industries by using this in the context of their own pollution defenses . In fact , the Appeal was created and promoted by a group of industry associations with polluting problems ( including chemical , energy , and mining concerns ) : the tobacco industry was involved , but in this case it was not the primary driving force . At that time the tobacco industry was focussed on trying to change the scientific standards for Good Epidemiology Practice ( GEP ) A version of the Heidelberg Appeal was published in the June 1 , 1992 , Wall Street Journal over the signatures of 46 prominent scientists and other intellectuals . It has subsequently been endorsed by some 4,000 scientists , including 72 Nobel Prize winners . The Appeal was for an anthropocentric assessment of the world 's resources and a utilitarian as opposed to abolitionist approach to hazardous substances used or created by technology . It targeted as irrational , by implication , if not explicitly , both a vision of a `` Natural State '' with intrinsic rights to impede the activities of man , and hysterical fears of environmental poisons , disproportionate to the threat and dismissive of their associated benefits . The Heidelberg Appeal has been enthusiastically embraced by critics of the environmental movement such as S. Fred Singer of the Science and Environmental Policy Project . Conservative think tanks frequently cite the Heidelberg Appeal as proof that scientists reject the theory of global warming as well as a host of other environmental health risks associated with modern science and industry . Its name has subsequently been adopted by the Heidelberg Appeal Nederland Foundation , which was founded in 1993 and disputes health risks related to nitrates in foods and antibiotic-resistant bacteria . The Heidelberg Appeal was promoted in 1993 by the International Center for a Scientific Ecology , a group set up by Michael Salomon `` that was considered important in Philip Morris ' plans to create a group in Europe similar to The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition ( TASSC ) '' . Parts of the Heidelberg Appeal endorse environmental concerns , such as a sentence that states , `` We fully subscribe to the objectives of a scientific ecology for a universe whose resources must be taken stock of , monitored and preserved . '' Its 72 Nobel laureates include 49 who also signed the `` World Scientists ' Warning to Humanity '' , which was circulated that same year by the Union of Concerned Scientists ( UCS ) and attracted the majority of the world 's living Nobel laureates in science along with some 1,700 other leading scientists . In contrast with the vagueness of the Heidelberg Appeal , the `` World Scientists ' Warning '' is a very explicit environmental manifesto , stating that `` human beings and the natural world are on a collision course '' and citing ozone depletion , global climate change , air pollution , groundwater depletion , deforestation , overfishing , and species extinction among the trends that threaten to `` so alter the living world that it will be unable to sustain life in the manner that we know . '' Moreover the Heidelberg Appeal has been , if not specifically misrepresented , at least broadly interpreted out of context , for example , by The National Center for Public Policy which asserts `` The appeal warns industrialized nations that no compelling scientific consensus exists to justify mandatory greenhouse gas emissions cuts . '' Although the Heidelberg Appeal may be open to such an interpretation , it is not what the document said , as the text below shows . 1994 Jun 16 Matt Winokur then sends to a list of PM organisers a note saying : APCo ( the old spelling of APCO Worldwide ) is completing its evaluation of a Symposium for Europe in the fall . They have forwarded the draft Guiding Scientific Principles ( or GEP ) which would constitute the outcome of such a meeting . They are on the right track but the language is too vague . ( Tom ) Borelli and ( Richard ) Carchman will review and tighten . Obviously , any output from the symposium must be supportive of GEP . So the bottom line for both the GEP resolution and GEP Symposium must be in synch . Burson ( Marsteller ) has begun its feasibility review based on a more explicit understanding that GEP is what we are interested in promoting . I gather from Jim -LSB- Lindheim of B-M -RSB- that there may have been a misunderstanding as to whether or not Burson was to have proceeded with the review prior to the presentation of a `` joint '' proposal -LSB- APCO and B-M -RSB- . I was aware that Burson began and take responsibility for allowing them to proceed . If you do n't want to pay for it then I will . But the intelligence obtained from their interviews with potential coalition sponsors as well as information about analogous efforts by existing groups , e.g. , Heidelberg , will be critical to the development of a comprehensive Burson/APCo proposal . -LSB- Note : after a territory battle , Philip Morris had suggested that rivals APCO and B-M present this as a joint proposal -RSB- The Burson research is necessary now in order to tell us whether it is possible or efficient to try to develop an enduring -LSB- ` Sound Science ' -RSB- coalition following on from the symposium . Possible , in that there may prove to be an insufficient amount of interest in the corporate sector for such a movement . Efficient , in that there may already exist analogous groups which we could use without going to the effort of starting one from scratch . And we need to be careful not to step on unseen toes . For example , Bruce Ames is part of TASSC and Heidelberg . Do we need/want him on a third group in Europe ? Thus the benefit in having Burson complete the study now , is that what they learn will be factored into both the content of the symposium AND inform us as to what options are available after the symposium concludes . If we only want a one off event , that 's our decision . But I would think we 'd at least want a mechanism to be able to tap the participants to later on endorse the GEP resolution in the appropriate EU institutions . The Burson research will also turn up corporate interest in GEP in general which may help us identify allies regardless of whether we do either a symposium or create a coalition . The presentation therefore at the next TF mtg. will be a single proposal for PM prepared jointly by Burson and APCo . And I 've asked Margery -LSB- Krause of APCO -RSB- and Jim -LSB- Lindheim of B-M -RSB- to come themselves , as well as any other support staff they may wish to have accompany them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f361fd3a39d4b2550881390aed78ae89", "text": "Science Research Associates SRA or Science Research Associates Inc. is a Chicago-based publisher of educational materials and schoolroom reading comprehension products .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0e667ca3bb7e8eddac38d8209f665da", "text": "Science Olympiad Science Olympiad is an American team competition in which students compete in ` events ' pertaining to various scientific disciplines , including earth science , biology , chemistry , physics , and engineering . Over 7,300 middle school and high school teams from 50 U.S. states compete each year , but only 49 states host competitions , with the exception being Vermont . U.S. territories do not compete . There are multiple levels of competition : invitational , regional , state , and national . Some states or private groups offer ` invitational ' tournaments as practice for regional and state competitions . Teams which excel at the regional competitions advance to the state level , and then to the national level . Winners later receive several kinds of awards from medals to trophies and plaques . The program for Elementary-age students is less common and consistent . Schools have flexibility to implement the program to meet their needs . Some communities host competitive Elementary tournaments . Science Olympiad is not associated with the International Science Olympiads , which follow a completely different format and set of rules .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c094881982c00083280a9eded4a2266", "text": "NYU Paris NYU Paris is an academic centre of New York University located in Paris , France . It is one of NYU 's 14 global academic centers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d8daa58703a3c370f191d0496ce729a", "text": "New York International Children's Film Festival New York International Children 's Film Festival ( NYICFF ) is an annual Oscar-qualifying film festival `` founded in 1997 to support the creation and dissemination of thoughtful , provocative , and intelligent film for children and teens ages 3-18 . '' The Festival experience cultivates an appreciation for the arts , encourages active , discerning viewing , and stimulates lively discussion among peers , families , and the film community . In addition to the annual four-weekend event in March , the Festival presents year-round programming and filmmaking camps in New York City , satellite festivals in Miami , FL and Westchester , NY , and a touring program at independent theaters and cultural institutions nationwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db75320c4970ff765106232c8ce0936a", "text": "Electric Zoo Electric Zoo is an annual electronic music festival held over Labor Day weekend in New York City on Randall 's Island . The festival represents all genres of electronic music , bringing top international DJs and live acts from multiple countries to four stages . In its 2009 inaugural year , 26,000 people attended to see artists Armin van Buuren , Deadmau5 , David Guetta and Ferry Corsten . In 2011 , Electric Zoo expanded to a 3-day festival and with 85,000 attendees . Electric Zoo received International Dance Music Awards nominations in 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , and 2013 for `` Best Music Event '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cda3b203eb3e65be8c23206abce30889", "text": "New York Encounter The New York Encounter is an annual three-day event held in New York City in January , on Martin Luther King 's weekend . It is a cultural event organized by members of the Catholic movement Communion and Liberation ; it is composed of conferences , exhibitions , and artistic performances . The first edition was held in January 2011 . The event follows the consolidated experience gained in Italy from the annual week-long event held in Rimini ( Italy ) , called the Meeting for friendship among peoples , which has become a major event in Italy and attracts intellectuals , scientists , politicians , and religious figures of very high-profile from all over the world . The NYE is free and is organized with the help of volunteers and many young adults from all over the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0250083aa9b5f0bb495f4a447bd830d7", "text": "Ciudad de las Ideas (conference) La Ciudad de las Ideas ( CDI ) is a conference created by Andrés Roemer , to empower citizens and present innovative ideas in science , technology , art , design , politics , education , culture , business , entertainment and other areas of knowledge . CDI created a 21-minute format to encourage debate . Daniel Dennett called it the '' brain Olympics . '' CDI speakers have included Nobel Prize winners Jerome Isaac Friedman , Mario J. Molina , Jody Williams , Daniel Kahneman and Paul Krugman ; researchers Robert Sapolsky , Steven Pinker , Eduard Punset , Clotaire Rapaille , Tim Berners-Lee , David Buss , Richard Dawkins , Michael Shermer , Craig Venter and Randi Zuckerberg ; and Oscar nominees Adame Pesapane ( PES ) and Oliver Stone . Since 2008 , up to 3,600 attendees have gathered every November in the center of Puebla . The head and curator of CDI is Andrés Roemer , partner of the NGO Poder Civico A.C. , together with Ricardo Salinas Pliego , President and CEO of Grupo Salinas . The thematic approach of the curator of the speakers is as follows : `` Scholars/Policy and Makers '' ( leading academics and public policy makers ) , `` Mex-I-Can '' ( talented Mexicans ) , `` W-Under18 '' ( children and young people ) , Debates , Art , Emotional , Technology , Artistic Interventions , and Entertainment . The festival has been promoted in Azteca Trece and Proyecto 40 and on the event 's website , social media , and through a science bookstore located at the festival site . Since June 9 , 2008 , over 231 festival speakers have had their presentations published online . Fifty percent of the audience are between 16 and 25 years old .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "617cbab80b7555ee601191cc145fc388", "text": "Governors Ball Music Festival The Governors Ball Music Festival ( commonly known as Governors Ball or Gov Ball ) is a multi-day music festival held on Randall 's Island in New York City . Launched in 2011 , the festival features an array of genres and styles of music , including rock , electronic , hip-hop , indie , Americana , pop , folk , and more . It is produced by Founders Entertainment , a festival promotion company based in New York City , which also produces The Meadows Music & Arts Festival . Aside from the wide variety of music , the festival features a multitude of popular New York restaurants and food trucks , as well as activities and games .", "title": "" } ]	fever
7b2860e33cd443330be5ba65bf8b5983	Red is an action comedy film.	[ { "docid": "77da68aa154a1235cc1710edf817341f", "text": "Red (2010 film) Red is a 2010 American action comedy film inspired by the limited comic book series of the same name created by Warren Ellis and Cully Hamner and published by the DC Comics imprint Homage . The film stars Bruce Willis , Morgan Freeman , John Malkovich , Mary-Louise Parker , Helen Mirren and Karl Urban , with German film director Robert Schwentke directing a screenplay by Jon Hoeber and Erich Hoeber . In the film version , the title is derived from the designation of former CIA Agent Frank Moses ( Bruce Willis ) , meaning `` Retired , Extremely Dangerous '' . The film was released on October 15 , 2010 . The film grossed $ 199 million worldwide . In 2011 , the film received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Musical or Comedy Film . A sequel , Red 2 , was released on July 19 , 2013 . Another sequel , Red 3 , is in development .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "3367fdc7b5f51cbba089fac1919682b2", "text": "Redline (2009 film) is a 2009 science fiction auto racing anime film produced by Madhouse and released in Japan on October 9 , 2010 . The directorial debut feature of Takeshi Koike , it features the voices of Takuya Kimura , Yū Aoi and Tadanobu Asano , and an original story by Katsuhito Ishii , who also co-writes and sound directs . The film is set in the distant future , where a man known as JP takes on great risks for the chance of winning the titular underground race . After a total of seven years in production , Redline was intended to premiere at the 2009 Annecy International Animated Film Festival and follow Summer Wars , Mai Mai Miracle , and Yona Yona Penguin as the fourth and final feature film Madhouse planned to release between summer 2009 and spring 2010 . However , further delays resulted in the delay of its world premiere , pushed back a few months to August 14 , 2009 , at the Locarno International Film Festival and its Japanese release to fall 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a13c9ebcaa8bd56c89063548011615cf", "text": "Reaction shot In motion picture film production , cinematography and video production , a reaction shot is a shot which cuts away from the main scene in order to show the reaction of a character to it , a basic unit of film grammar . A reaction shot usually implies the display of some sort of emotion on the face of the actor being shown , and is thus most commonly a close-up shot ( although a group of actors may be shown reacting together ) . A reaction shot is also generally bereft of dialogue , though this is not an absolute rule . Its main purpose is to show an emotional response to the immediately preceding action or words of another character in the scene , or to an event in the immediately preceding scene which may or may not involve another actor ( e.g. , an explosion , monster , empty room , etc. . ) The assumption behind the logic of the reaction shot is that the emotional reaction of the actor being depicted will either advance the story , reveal character traits of the character in the reaction shot , or emphasize character traits of another character that were displayed in the action or dialog present in the preceding shot . A completely unemotional reaction may also be important if it provides information to the audience or is unexpected in the context of the scene . Reaction shots can be especially critical in comedy , as the reaction of an actor or actors to a dramatic incident provides a psychological cue to the audience about how to respond to that incident themselves . In some cases , the deliberate avoidance of showing a reaction shot can be used by a filmmaker to dramatic effect ; for instance , if the filmmaker wishes to conceal a character 's motivations by hiding their reaction to a particular event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3bfbb35eeecc286c31dfc2bf9ab574b", "text": "Combat Shock Combat Shock is a 1986 action war drama film written and directed by Buddy Giovinazzo and distributed by Troma Entertainment . The plot of the film takes place in Staten Island , and follows an unemployed Vietnam veteran living in total poverty with his nagging wife , his deformed baby due to Ricky having been exposed to Agent Orange that the US was spraying as a defoliant over Vietnam , and junkie friends . Unable to get a job and surrounded by the depravity of urban life and crime , he begins to lose his grip on sanity . The film received mixed reviews when it was released . Film Threat 's Christopher Curry praised the film for its gritty realism , and Troma president Lloyd Kaufman calls it one of the company 's true `` masterpieces '' ; however , shockcinemamagazine.com called it `` one of the ugliest , nastiest , most depressing movies of the decade '' ( though the review itself was a positive one ) , and Videohound described the film as `` relentlessly bleak ... you wo n't find a more depressing film outside an art-house cinema '' . Tagline : Fighting , killing , maiming ... Agent Orange and the torture cages were the easy part !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61863df602aba1eb7c3064a382eb4b40", "text": "Red Studio Red Studio may refer to : The Red Studio or L'Atelier Rouge , a painting by Henri Matisse from 1911 Red 5 Studios , a computer game RED STUDIO , a game project of CD Projekt Red Studio , a motion picture studio in Hollywood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1122044907b02f0638dcbf94e5cfd98", "text": "Noam Friedlander Noam Friedlander is an author , award-winning scriptwriter , playwright , columnist , interviewer and feature writer . She has written 14 non-fiction books on subjects ranging from sport , religion , entertainment and children 's names as well as having over 20 years of experience as a journalist for various broadsheets and magazines . She also writes scripts for TV and worked on the final UK TV series Dream Team , which was on Sky1 , as well as being the Question Writer and working on the production team for the UK version of US show Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader , which was also shown on Sky1 as Are You Smarter Than a 10-Year Old . In 2015 , Noam was a finalist in The Beverly Hills Film Festival Competition for her script `` The Red '' , which was previously a play performed at the Piven Theater Workshop in Chicago in 2014 under the direction of Joyce Piven . In August 2015 , the script for `` The Red '' received an ` Honorable Mention ' at WilliFest 's Screenplay Competition . ( WilliFest is also known as Brooklyn 's Williamsburg International Film Festival ) . In October 2015 , her script ` The Red ' was the winner of the Screenplay Competition at the San Pedro International Film Festival . In June 2016 , ` The Red ' was a Quarter-Finalist at the Austin Revolution Film Festival . In August 2016 , the script for `` The Red '' was a ` Preliminary Finalist ' at the 2016 Creative World Awards . The same script was also a ` second rounder ' at the Austin Film Festival . Finally , in October 2016 , `` The Red '' was a runner-up at the Denver Film Festival . She is frequently thought to be the son of Rabbi Albert Friedlander . However , she is , in fact , his daughter . Her 2005 book What Is Opus Dei has been translated into several languages and published worldwide . In 2008 , Noam Friedlander was shot in the back by a sniper while walking down the street in Los Angeles and wrote about it for The Guardian . While in LA , Friedlander has been writing extensively for Stella , the Sunday supplement of The Sunday Telegraph interviewing celebrities such as Diane Kruger , Rose Byrne , Chelsea Handler , Kelly Reilly , Amanda Seyfried and Drew Barrymore . In 2015 , she interviewed Salma Hayek for the cover of the deluxe edition of ES magazine ( part of the Evening Standard ) . Due to her prolific writing career , Friedlander is also a member of the Authors Guild , America 's leading advocate for writers ' interests . In 2011 , Friedlander set up a film production company to champion independent films . She has taken part in a number of ` story telling ' shows while living in Los Angeles including Anna David 's show True Tales of Lust and Love and the famed Write Club event at the Bootleg Theater in Los Angeles . In November 2012 , Friedlander 's best-selling biography of Katy Perry was published in both Europe and the United States . Noam supports Queens Park Rangers , the finest team , the world has ever seen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d31e561d1484951bd8bb1de7db67be7", "text": "Red and Black Attack Red And Black Attack was the second release from the Hollywood-based rock band The Icarus Line . The EP was recorded and released very quickly after their debut 7-inch , Highlypuncturingnoisetestingyourabilitytohate on Hellcat Records . The EP was released on New American Dream . This was the band 's first release to appear on CD , as well as New American Dream 's debut release . The vinyl version was pressed by Slowgun Records on clear `` wine '' colored vinyl 7-inches . New American Dream also released the band 's split 7-inch picture disc with Ink & Dagger , and had actually originally signed Ink & Dagger to release their third , and final album on the label . However , after a car crash involving the label 's owner and members of Ink & Dagger , who were on their way to visit The Icarus Line during a rehearsal , the label soon fell apart . The resulting fiasco was the prime reason The Icarus Line did n't record their debut album in 1999 , as originally intended , and ended up signing instead with Crank ! Records . Coincidentally , Ink & Dagger , who had also signed to the label for the release of their third and last album , ended up having Buddyhead release it instead . Other bands on the short-lived label included Discount ( band ) and Kind Of Like Spitting . The label 's folding , resulted in this release being out of print for many years , and a highly sought after collectable . The EP was named as a reference to the band 's visual style , which involved dressing in black with red neckties . This look was abandoned years later , after a number of other bands had started dressing similarly . Some of these bands went on to much greater mainstream success . So , as not to look like the `` copycats '' themselves , this attire was then `` retired '' by The Icarus Line . This release also coincided with yet another of the band 's recurring problems of finding a suitable , and permanent drummer . This is why there is no drummer pictured on the cover of this release , something which confused people for quite some time . At the time of the EP 's release , John Guerra ( F-Minus , Black Fag ) was filling the position . Soon after , the band recruited their fourth drummer , Mike Felix ( Toys That Kill , Ex-Fork ) . As an homage to their former band 's drummer , Tim Childs , The Icarus Line included snippets he had recorded while playing drums at home , very briefly before his death . These were the last known recordings of Tim playing drums . The song `` Separate The Sounds '' , was also quite obviously written about Tim , and his abrupt passing . These home recordings were spliced together during mastering by Blag Dahlia , the singer of The Dwarves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "141252a17d272c2ffe35246d3e59e95c", "text": "Redman (rapper) Reginald `` Reggie '' Noble ( born April 17 , 1970 ) , better known by his stage name Redman , is an American rapper , DJ , record producer , and actor . He rose to fame in the early 1990s as an artist on the Def Jam label . He is also well known for his collaborations with his close friend Method Man , as one-half of the rap duo Method Man & Redman , including their starring roles in films and sitcoms . He was also a member of the Def Squad in the late 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88339e4403ab44f897767999ce0c3eee", "text": "The Red Snowball Tree The Red Snowball Tree ( -LSB- Калина красная , Kalina krasnaya -RSB- ) is a 1974 Soviet drama film directed by Vasily Shukshin . It was the most successful film of that year . In total the film was watched by over 140 million people . German film director and screenwriter Rainer Werner Fassbinder included The Red Snowball Tree in the top ten of his favorite films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16084ad0ec848cc03fd1a6ddcce41cba", "text": "Property of the Republic Property of the Republic ( -LSB- Достоя́ние респу́блики , Dostoyanie respubliki -RSB- ) is a 1971 Soviet two-part adventure film directed by Vladimir Bychkov . Detective story takes place during the Civil War in Russia . The picture was the 44th most attended domestic film in the Soviet Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "994ebdcd17f445dfe338f5a4a132150c", "text": "The Extendables The Extendables ( also known as Action Hero ) is a 2014 American parody film directed by Brian Thompson . The film is a parody of The Expendables and similar action movies . The director , Brian Thompson said it contained actual events he had witnessed . The film was released on iTunes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cafa1ef2c5eac41f91fbc8ee00e631d", "text": "Mars (2004 film) Mars is a 2004 Russian film , directed and written by Anna Melikian . Set in a small Russian city of Mars , the film tells the story of a professional boxer who has run away from his life to a small Russian town on the coast of the Black Sea . The story contains elements of surrealism and magical realism . The town 's main industry is the manufacture of plush toys , which function as a local currency . The boxer is color blind ; his color blindness is portrayed , for example , by a profusion of blue apples . The city of Mars was formerly called Marks : Марс as opposed to Маркс , the name change being effected by removing one letter from the roof of the railway station .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96720151a66d64c7483a386c3819d80", "text": "Digital intermediate Digital intermediate ( typically abbreviated to DI ) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics . It often replaces or augments the photochemical timing process and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters . It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated early in the process to facilitate editing . However the lines between telecine and DI are continually blurred and are often executed on the same hardware by colorists of the same background . These two steps are typically part of the overall color management process in a motion picture at different points in time . A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers . Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording , digital intermediate is also used to describe color correction and color grading and even final mastering when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film . This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match film origination and film projection . In traditional photochemical film finishing , an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative . The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters . Color grading is done by varying the amount of red , green , and blue light used to expose the intermediate . This seeks to be able to replace or augment the photochemical approach to creating this intermediate . The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade , which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image , and allows for the adjustment of image structure ( grain , sharpness , etc. ) . The intermediate for film reproduction can then be produced by means of a film recorder . The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recording process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate , and is usually recorded to internegative ( IN ) stock , which is inherently finer-grain than camera negative ( OCN ) . One of the key technical achievements that made the transition to DI possible was the use of the 3D look-up tables ( aka `` 3D LUTs '' ) , which could be used to mimic how the digital image would look once it was printed onto release print stock . This removed a large amount of skilled guesswork from the film-making process , and allowed greater freedom in the colour grading process while reducing risk . The digital master is often used as a source for a DCI-compliant distribution of the motion picture for digital projection . For archival purposes , the digital master created during the Digital Intermediate process can still be recorded to very stable high dynamic range yellow-cyan-magenta ( YCM ) separations on black-and-white film with an expected 100-year or longer life . This archival format , long used in the industry prior to the invention of DI , still provides an archival medium that is independent of changes in digital data recording technologies and file formats that might otherwise render digitally archived material unreadable in the long term .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "279b5c255281a11cf5d877cd93868749", "text": "Profondo Rosso (soundtrack) The soundtrack to the film Deep Red was mainly composed and performed by the Italian progressive rock band Goblin . Director Dario Argento had originally contacted jazz pianist and composer Giorgio Gaslini to score the film , but he was unhappy with his output , deeming it `` awful '' . After failing to get Pink Floyd to write music for the film , Argento turned back to Italy and found Goblin . In the final score , only three of Gaslini 's original themes were retained ; however , in the film 's original theatrical release , Gaslini was given full composer credit for the entire score , while Goblin were wrongly credited only as performers -LSB- i.e. `` Music by Giorgio Gaslini , performed by Goblin '' -RSB- . This was corrected in subsequent home video releases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b33f33a8da7eb25ad8645310159a5766", "text": "The Comedy The Comedy is a 2012 drama film directed and co-written by Rick Alverson , and starring Tim Heidecker . Supporting actors include Eric Wareheim ( Tim and Eric ) , James Murphy ( LCD Soundsystem ) , and Gregg Turkington ( better known as Neil Hamburger ) . The film was premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and screened within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival 2012 . The film was distributed by Tribeca Film and was slated for theatrical release on November 9 , 2012 and nationwide On Demand starting October 24 , 2012 . Despite the title and use of comedians as actors , Sundance festival chief programmer Trevor Groth says that the film is not a comedy , but instead `` a provocation , a critique of a culture based at its core around irony and sarcasm and about ultimately how hollow that is . '' The first ten minutes of the film was purposely leaked onto various torrent websites with an anti-piracy statement at the end of the video . The resulting publicity made the actual film the most pirated independent film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a15fcd521628b7a8b84f015eefa53ce4", "text": "Redacted (film) Redacted is a 2007 American war film written and directed by Brian De Palma . It is a fictional dramatization , loosely based on the 2006 Mahmudiyah killings in Mahmoudiyah , Iraq , when U.S. Army soldiers raped an Iraqi girl and murdered her along with her family . This film , which is a companion to an earlier film by De Palma , 1989 's Casualties of War , was shot in Jordan . Redacted premiered at the 2007 Venice Film Festival , where it earned a Silver Lion `` best director '' award . It was also shown at the Toronto International Film Festival , the New York Film Festival and the Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema . The film opened in Spain , and in fifteen theaters in limited release in the United States on November 16 , 2007 . The film received mixed reactions from critics and a poor financial response in its limited U.S. release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45bcc5ddd5a97063d6379708b430719", "text": "Slash (film) Slash is an American comedy film directed and written by Clay Liford . The film stars Michael Johnston , Hannah Marks , Michael Ian Black , Missi Pyle , Sarah Ramos , Peter Vack , Jessie Ennis , and Matt Peters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1b066b9c06ebee661059e6a161d5b85", "text": "The Red Rose The Red Rose ( original title `` La Rose rouge '' ) is a French comedy film from 1951 , directed by Marcello Pagliero , written by Robert Scipion and starring Françoise Arnoul and Louis de Funès .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66465e8717459430058ca85b915440f7", "text": "Seeing Red Seeing Red or Seein ' Red may refer to :", "title": "" } ]	fever
618ca2f8c87502c9fbfc06c3b86369fe	The Beatles started in the 1900's.	[ { "docid": "30dbfd84159a21f2996ff7a323d5dd3b", "text": "The Beatles The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960 . With members John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison and Ringo Starr , they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential act of the rock era . Rooted in skiffle , beat and 1950s rock and roll , the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles , ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock , often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways . In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as `` Beatlemania '' , and as the group 's music grew in sophistication in subsequent years , led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney , they came to be perceived as an embodiment of the ideals shared by the counterculture of the 1960s . The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960 , with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player . The core of Lennon , McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers , including Pete Best , before asking Starr to join them in 1962 . Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act , and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings , greatly expanding their popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit , `` Love Me Do '' , in late 1962 . They acquired the nickname `` the Fab Four '' as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year , and by early 1964 became international stars , leading the `` British Invasion '' of the United States pop market . From 1965 onwards , the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings , including the albums Rubber Soul ( 1965 ) , Revolver ( 1966 ) , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band ( 1967 ) , The Beatles ( commonly known as the White Album , 1968 ) and Abbey Road ( 1969 ) . After their break-up in 1970 , they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths . McCartney and Starr , the surviving members , remain musically active . Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980 , and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001 . The Beatles are the best-selling band in history , with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide . They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act . According to the RIAA , the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States , with 178 million certified units . In 2008 , the group topped Billboard magazine 's list of the all-time most successful `` Hot 100 '' artists ; , they hold the record for most number-one hits on the Hot 100 chart with twenty . They have received ten Grammy Awards , an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards . The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 , and all four were inducted individually from 1994 to 2015 . They were also collectively included in Time magazine 's compilation of the twentieth century 's 100 most influential people .", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "0e38015099cd6932690fb25c19033d33", "text": "Sony/ATV Music Publishing Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC is an American music publishing company owned by Sony through Sony Entertainment . The company was founded as a division of Associated Television ( ATV ) in 1955 by Lew Grade . In 1985 , Michael Jackson acquired ATV Music Publishing for $ 47.5 million . Paul McCartney , who had told Jackson about the importance of owning publishing , admitted he felt somewhat undercut by the purchase , because ATV Music Publishing owned the publishing rights to most of The Beatles ' songs , although he did not enter the bidding when it came up for sale in 1984 . In December 1995 , Michael Jackson agreed to merge ATV Music Publishing with Sony Music Publishing , a division of Sony Corporation , to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing . In 2012 an investor consortium led by Sony/ATV Music Publishing acquired EMI Music Publishing for approximately $ 2.2 billion . Sony/ATV Music Publishing and EMI Music Publishing now operate as one company , with the former entity administering the catalogue of the latter under a complex business structure . Following the acquisition , the company became the largest music publisher in the world , with a library of over two million songs under its administration . On March 14 , 2016 , Sony announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the Jackson estate 's stake in the company . The deal was completed on September 30 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbdb4a040ee858b6b9f6e1dc792e2c47", "text": "Tell Me What You See `` Tell Me What You See '' is a song by the Beatles that first appeared in 1965 on their album Help ! in the United Kingdom and on Beatles VI in the United States . As with all Beatles compositions by either of the two , the song is credited to Lennon -- McCartney . Regarding the song 's authorship , Paul McCartney said , `` I seem to remember it as mine . I would claim it as a 60-40 but it might have been totally me . '' Lennon said , in his interviews with Playboy ( 1980 ) and Hit Parader ( 1972 ) , that `` Tell Me What You See '' was written completely by McCartney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f7dcf91efbcf86f86596635f6fef70a", "text": "Dandie Fashions Dandie Fashions or sometimes Dandy Fashions was a London fashion boutique founded in 1966 , following a chance encounter at the Speakeasy Club between Freddie Hornik and Alan Holston , who then got together with Australian John Crittle , the Guinness heir Tara Browne and Neil Winterbotham , and launched the new business . Dandie Fashions opened its shop at 161 King 's Road , Chelsea in October 1966 . John Crittle had previously worked for Michael Rainey in his boutique Hung On You . Crittle and Tara Browne wanted a retail outlet for their new tailoring company Foster and Tara . In December 1966 , Browne died in a car crash , while he was on his way to discuss shop front designs with the graphic artist David Vaughan . Crittle bought his share of the business . Five months after opening their Apple Boutique in Baker Street ( which ran from 7 December 1967 to 30 July 1968 ) , the Beatles invested in Dandie , renaming it Apple Tailoring ( Civil & Theatric ) . They were attracted to King 's Road by the presence of the clothing boutiques Dandie , along with Granny Takes a Trip and Hung On You . Apple Tailoring opened at the same 161 King 's Road premises as Dandie , on 23 May 1968 . Neil Aspinall and Apple 's accountant Stephen Maltz became directors . John Lennon and George Harrison attended the launch party . However , it never made a profit and closed some months later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ca01053d3f9cad2671b895cee50e328", "text": "The Beatles' 1965 UK tour The Beatles ' 1965 tour of the United Kingdom was a concert tour that took place between 3 and 12 December 1965 , comprising 18 shows at nine venues across England , Scotland and Wales . It coincided with the release of the Beatles ' studio album Rubber Soul and their double A-side single `` Day Tripper '' / `` We Can Work It Out '' , and was the final UK tour undertaken by the band . Weary of Beatlemania , the group conceded to do the tour but refused to also perform a season of Christmas concerts as they had done over the 1963 -- 64 and 1964 -- 65 holiday seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b7810466276f5e715b319f76fd6c825", "text": "The Zimmers The Zimmers are an English band formed in 2007 and are thought to have the oldest members of any group in the world . The oldest member , Buster Martin , claimed to have been born in 1906 , although some sources indicate he was born in 1913 . Martin died in 2011 . Former lead singer Alf Carretta died on 29 June 2010 , aged 93 . The group takes its name from the Zimmer frame , the UK term for a mobility aid known in other countries as a walker . The band was created as a feature in a BBC Television documentary which aired on 28 May 2007 . The feature of forming the band and recording a single was intended to give a voice to the feelings of isolation and imprisonment suffered by the elderly . The Zimmers ' logo is a parody of The Beatles ' logo , as is the image of them walking across Abbey Road . On 7 April 2012 , the band performed the Beastie Boys ' '' ( You Got ta ) Fight for Your Right ( To Party ! ) '' on Britain 's Got Talent . The band toured in 2013 , performing in Warrington on 25 May that year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e16dd9e328caac5038fbfc4f8a2d650e", "text": "In The Hollies Style In The Hollies Style is the second studio album by British beat group The Hollies , released on the Parlophone label in November 1964 . The album was later released in Canada by Capitol Records on 4 October 1965 with a different track listing . As a result of poor sales of stereo copies of the band 's debut album in the UK , In the Hollies Style was only available there in mono while stereo mixes were shipped to other markets . The stereo mix was finally released in the UK and retitled The Vintage Hollies '' in 1967 . In 1997 , British EMI put both mono and stereo versions of this album onto a single CD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95658706c10437a52ff3ab2ec2dd16bc", "text": "Kingsize Taylor and the Dominoes Kingsize Taylor and the Dominoes were a British rock and roll band , formed in Liverpool in the late 1950s . One of the first beat groups in the Merseyside area , they were a locally popular and influential group who were contemporaries and rivals of The Beatles , and featured Cilla Black as a guest singer before her solo career , but had little commercial success except in Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35ea72822fcc112c787f47d5d37daaff", "text": "The Beatles (TV series) The Beatles is an American animated television series featuring representations of the popular English rock band of the same name . It ran from 1965 to 1969 on ABC in the U.S. ( only 1965 to 1967 was first run ; later transmissions were reruns ) . The series debuted on September 25 , 1965 and ended on September 7 , 1969 . A total of 39 episodes were produced . The series was shown on Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM EST until the 1967 third season when it was moved to 12:00 PM EST. . For the fourth season , which consisted of reruns , the series was shown at 9:30 AM EST on Sunday mornings . Each episode has a name of a Beatles song , so the story is based on its lyrics and it is also played at some time in the episode . The original series was rebroadcast in syndication by MTV in 1986 and 1987 and on the Disney Channel beginning in 1989 on Fridays at 5 PM . The series was a historical milestone as the first weekly television series to feature animated versions of real , living people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d92b2cd291824a03c2b20bf4d8a85a2", "text": "We Can Work It Out `` We Can Work It Out '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon . It was first issued as a double A-side single with `` Day Tripper '' in December 1965 . The release marked the first time that both tracks on a Beatles single were designated as joint A-sides . The song was recorded during the sessions for the band 's Rubber Soul album . `` We Can Work It Out '' is a comparatively rare example of a Lennon -- McCartney collaboration from this period in the Beatles ' career , in that it recalls the level of collaboration the two songwriters had shared when writing the group 's hit singles of 1963 . This song , `` A Day in the Life '' , `` Baby , You 're a Rich Man '' and `` I 've Got a Feeling '' , are among the notable exceptions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2266194f154a3b0798c51e2378587f6", "text": "Record club A record club was a mail-order retail club for selling records promoted by the major record labels during the 1950s onwards . Major clubs included EMI Records club founded in 1965 Columbia House ( redirect from Columbia Record Club ) established in 1955 . It had a significant market presence in the 1980s Capitol Record Club , Capitol Records Britannia Music Club , Polygram World Record Club Ltd. company in the United Kingdom which issued long-playing records and reel-to-reel tapes , mainly classical Customers usually joined record clubs by agreeing to buy a certain number of records , but a significant number of members would not pay for records they ordered . Record companies saw lower royalties from sales through record clubs than from sales through stores and other means . Also , the clubs could give away up to one free record for every record sold -- resulting in about half as much revenue for record companies as they might get through other kinds of distributors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7733e668a83459d9cb30d00ca422d31", "text": "Tate Tate is an institution that houses the United Kingdom 's national collection of British art , and international modern and contemporary art . It is a network of four art museums : Tate Britain , London ( until 2000 known as the Tate Gallery , founded 1897 ) , Tate Liverpool ( founded 1988 ) , Tate St Ives , Cornwall ( founded 1993 ) and Tate Modern , London ( founded 2000 ) , with a complementary website , Tate Online ( created 1998 ) . Tate is not a government institution , but its main sponsor is the UK Department for Culture , Media and Sport . The name ` Tate ' is used also as the operating name for the corporate body , which was established by the Museums and Galleries Act 1992 as ` The Board of Trustees of the Tate Gallery ' . The gallery was founded in 1897 , as the National Gallery of British Art . When its role was changed to include the national collection of modern art as well as the national collection of British art , in 1932 , it was renamed the Tate Gallery after sugar magnate Henry Tate of Tate & Lyle , who had laid the foundations for the collection . The Tate Gallery was housed in the current building occupied by Tate Britain , which is situated in Millbank , London . In 2000 , the Tate Gallery transformed itself into the current-day Tate , or the Tate Modern , which consists of a federation of four museums : Tate Britain , which displays the collection of British art from 1500 to the present day ; Tate Modern , which is also in London , houses the Tate 's collection of British and international modern and contemporary art from 1900 to the present day . Tate Liverpool has the same purpose as Tate Modern but on a smaller scale , and Tate St Ives displays modern and contemporary art by artists who have connections with the area . All four museums share the Tate Collection . One of the Tate 's most publicised art events is the awarding of the annual Turner Prize , which takes place at Tate Britain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f15aa6b5988fd5bcb0062e5a765c828", "text": "Tell Me Why (Beatles song) `` Tell Me Why '' is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their album A Hard Day 's Night . In North America , it was released on both the American version of A Hard Day 's Night and the album Something New . Credited to Lennon -- McCartney , it was written by John Lennon in either Paris or New York City and recorded in eight takes on 27 February 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc0b57512da34508f0827b5779eb62c9", "text": "Sounds of the 20th Century Sounds of the 20th Century is a BBC Radio 2 documentary series originally broadcast in the UK between April 2011 and April 2012 . Each 60-minute programme is dedicated to one year from 1951 to 2000 and features a montage of audio relating to that year . Featuring nothing that was n't heard , seen or read at the time , other than brief introduction to each episode by Jeremy Vine , the series does not feature any explanations , reminiscenses or reflections upon the clips . Instead , the series ' website provided a list and description of the audio items , which was also supplied in real time by the show 's Twitter feed . It is described as an ` audio journey through five decades of triumph , tragedy and trivia . ' The first part of the series was first broadcast at 10pm on Thursday 7 April . Focussing upon 1951 , it featured the real King 's Speech ( as he opens the Festival of Britain ) , a General Election victory for the Conservatives and their Liberal allies , the first hit single with multi-tracking ( Les Paul 's `` How High The Moon '' ) , the first rock 'n' roll record ( Jackie Brentson 's `` Rocket 88 '' ) , screen heroes from Marlon Brando to The Lone Ranger . The series was produced by Trevor Dann 's Company , and there is a series blog available at sottc.wordpress.com . The critical reception was generally positive . Comparing the show to BBC One 's The Rock 'n' Roll Years , The Independents Chris Maume asked if `` commissioning Sounds of the 20th Century -LSB- was -RSB- the first thing the 6 Music/Radio 2 controller Bob Shennan has got right in his short but deeply unsatisfactory tenure ? '' . More critically , The Guardians Elisabeth Mahoney identified parallels between the archive clips and the contemporary world , but was frustrated at the lack of a narrative , arguing that `` the jaunty mix is frustratingly hard-going . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88389568aaedbbbf849d07898c8f5d6f", "text": "Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road , recorded on 28 July 2005 , was a live concert given by Paul McCartney at Abbey Road Studios , specifically Studio 2 , where many of The Beatles ' recordings were made . Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road was meant as a promotion for McCartney 's album Chaos and Creation in the Backyard . As the audience was of close friends and selected fans , the concert was intimate in nature and was littered with monologues and song fragments . It was shown on BBC Two in the United Kingdom on 17 December 2005 , and on PBS in the United States on 27 February 2006 as part of the performing arts series Great Performances . McCartney plays left-handed and right-handed guitars , drums , harmonium , double bass , Mellotron , and even wine glasses in a reworking of the Wings song `` Band on the Run '' . He also reworks the Beatles ' track `` Lady Madonna '' , which he calls `` Old Lady in New Clothes '' , with a much slower tempo and a swung melody line . The bass McCartney uses on his performance of `` Heartbreak Hotel '' once belonged to Bill Black , Elvis Presley 's bass player who died in 1965 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc537674f91ab1f4ccea2d59ac584b65", "text": "Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film . The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist . Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road . In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto . A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts . When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 . List of albums performed : The Beatles ' catalogue Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin IV Houses of the Holy Physical Graffiti In Through the Out Door Meddle The Dark Side of the Moon Animals Wish You Were Here The Wall A Night at the Opera Who 's Next Are You Experienced Boston Crime of the Century Breakfast in America The Last Waltz Rust Never Sleeps Harvest The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars OK Computer Ten Nevermind Regatta de Blanc Outlandos d'Amour The Joshua Tree London Calling Band on the Run Texas Flood Let It Bleed Sticky Fingers Some Girls Exile on Main St. Appetite for Destruction Highway to Hell Back in Black Born to Run Hotel California Rumours The Doors L.A. Woman Legend Pearl Paranoid Van Halen Thriller Purple Rain Nothing 's Shocking Woodstock 2112 Saturday Night Fever A Very Lennon Christmas Elton John Greatest Hits", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a82966a00a6f17d606b35dc5ebe2e73", "text": "Beatles and Rolling Stones rivalry", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a985c8e5246f56e5b24c48fc43e4b9a", "text": "Only a Northern Song `` Only a Northern Song '' is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their 1969 album Yellow Submarine . Written by George Harrison , it was recorded mainly in February 1967 during the sessions for Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band but the Beatles chose not to include it on that album . Instead , it was one of the four new songs that the band provided for the 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine , to meet their contractual obligations to United Artists . Harrison wrote `` Only a Northern Song '' out of dissatisfaction with his status as a junior songwriter with the Beatles ' publishing company , Northern Songs . The lyrics and music convey his disenchantment at how the company retained the copyright for the songs it published , and at how , following its public listing in 1965 , the major shareholders profited more from his compositions than he did . The recording features Hammond organ , played by Harrison , and an overdubbed montage of assorted sounds including trumpet blasts and spoken voices , anticipating John Lennon 's 1968 sound collage `` Revolution 9 '' . Due to the difficulty in assembling the completed track from two tape sources , `` Only a Northern Song '' remained a rare song from the Beatles ' post-1963 catalogue that was unavailable in true stereo until 1999 . That year , it was remixed for inclusion on the album Yellow Submarine Songtrack . The song has received a varied response from reviewers ; while Ian MacDonald dismisses the track as a `` self-indulgent dirge '' , the website Ultimate Classic Rock identifies it as one of the Beatles ' best works in the psychedelic rock genre . A version of the song with a different vocal part , and omitting the sound collage overdubs , was issued on the Beatles ' 1996 outtakes compilation Anthology 2 . Gravenhurst and Yonder Mountain String Band are among the artists who have covered `` Only a Northern Song '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2471e1766a8eab62599ea57b91eb0119", "text": "The Beat Ballad Show Tour The Beat Ballad Show Tour was a 1960 tour of Scotland by singer Johnny Gentle , backed by the Beatles ( billed as Johnny Gentle and His Group ) . It was the first-ever concert tour by the Beatles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b0b1041bcb60cf3075268aecfab44ce", "text": "Hey Jude `` Hey Jude '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The ballad evolved from `` Hey Jules '' , a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon 's son , Julian , during his parents ' divorce . `` Hey Jude '' begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney 's vocal performance and piano accompaniment ; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses . After the fourth verse , the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes . `` Hey Jude '' was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles ' record label Apple Records . More than seven minutes in length , it was at the time the longest single ever to top the British charts . It also spent nine weeks at number one in the United States , the longest for any Beatles single . `` Hey Jude '' tied the `` all-time '' record , at the time , for the longest run at the top of the US charts . The single has sold approximately eight million copies and is frequently included on professional critics ' lists of the greatest songs of all time . In 2013 , Billboard named it the 10th biggest song of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47eaca3ecc72cf897701e8e0386e67c8", "text": "Musical (Summary Proceedings) Copyright Act 1902 The Musical ( Summary Proceedings ) Copyright Act 1902 ( 2 Edw . VII c. 15 ) was an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , given the royal assent on 22 July 1902 , in force from 1 October 1902 , and repealed in 1956 . It provided that the owner of the copyright in a musical work could apply to a court of summary jurisdiction with evidence that unlicensed copies of the work were being `` hawked , carried about , sold or offered for sale '' , and that the court could order a constable to seize these copies without warrant and bring them before the court . If it was proven the copies were unauthorized , the court could order them to be destroyed , or delivered to the copyright owner . It also empowered any constable , on the written request ( and risk ) of the copyright owner or his or her designated agent , to seize without warrant any infringing copy being hawked for sale and bring them before a court ; on the proof that they were copyright infringements , they could then be disposed of by the court as above . In the context of this act , `` musical work '' meant a melody or harmony `` printed , reduced to writing , or otherwise graphically produced or reproduced '' . Recorded music was not envisaged in the scope of the legislation . The Act was repealed by the Copyright Act 1956 .", "title": "" } ]	fever
c3aa47b11456aab01b9c117f68532982	Henry V is a television film.	[ { "docid": "34d6f2a08e433fb0e1b966881f300f0f", "text": "Henry V (2012 film) Henry V is a 2012 British television film based on the play of the same name by William Shakespeare . It is the fourth film in the series of television films called The Hollow Crown produced by Sam Mendes for BBC Two covering the whole of Shakespeare 's Henriad . It was directed by Thea Sharrock and stars Tom Hiddleston as Henry V of England . Henry V is the fourth play in Shakespeare 's tetralogy dealing with the successive reigns of Richard II , Henry IV , and Henry V.", "title": "" } ]	[ { "docid": "8cef71af7a65b7d1d2afadd0ddadf343", "text": "Henry Kelly Patrick Henry Kelly ( born 17 April 1946 ) , known professionally as Henry Kelly , is a television presenter and radio DJ .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69a38050060a8207e82afdd22a25173b", "text": "Pride and Prejudice (1958 TV series) Pride and Prejudice is a 1958 British television adaptation of the novel of the same name , which aired on the BBC . Cast included Alan Badel , Pamela Binns , Jane Downs , Susan Lyall Grant , Marian Spencer , Vivienne Martin , Hugh Sinclair , William Squire , Joan Carol , Jeanne Elvin , Colin Jeavons , Barbara New , and Greta Watson . Six half-hour episodes were produced , presumably aired live ( since that was usually the case with BBC drama of the era ) , and telerecorded for overseas broadcast . All six episodes are believed to be lost . The designer was Stephen Bundy , adaptation by Cedric Wallis and the producer was Barbara Burnham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04c06f49302a6dee09c7f5324a366b6b", "text": "ITV Sunday Night Theatre ITV Sunday Night Theatre , originally titled ITV Saturday Night Theatre , is a UK television anthology series screened on ITV , and produced by London Weekend Television ( LWT ) . Some episodes were produced with Kestrel Productions . Around 200 episodes aired on ITV from 1969-1974 , including productions of the plays Long Day 's Journey into Night by Eugene O'Neill , A Doll 's House by Henrik Ibsen , and Arms and the Man by George Bernard Shaw . Other episodes included adaptions of the works of William Shakespeare , James Joyce , Wilkie Collins , Simon Gray , Sam Shepard , Israel Horovitz , Arthur Miller , August Strindberg , J.B. Priestley , Lanford Wilson , and John Mortimer . Among its directors were Michael Lindsay-Hogg , Anthony Page , Mike Newell , Fielder Cook , Ted Kotcheff , Peter Wood , and Vivian Matalon . The actors involved included Helen Mirren , Laurence Olivier , Sean Connery , Anthony Hopkins , Michael Caine , Paul Scofield , George C. Scott , Laurence Harvey , Ralph Richardson , Diana Rigg , Trevor Howard , Glenda Jackson , Diane Cilento , Alec Guinness , Jane Asher , Martin Sheen , Colleen Dewhurst , Jean Marsh , Shelley Winters , Ian Holm , Richard Chamberlain , Edith Evans , John Gielgud , Shirley Knight , Ian McKellen , George Sanders and Margaret Whiting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27f701b9ff8d05f86b69dcf203532fad", "text": "Intermediate film system The intermediate film system was a television process in which motion picture film was processed almost immediately after it was exposed in a camera , then scanned by a television scanner , and transmitted over the air . This system was used principally in Britain and Germany where television cameras were not sensitive enough to use reflected light , but could transmit a suitable image when a bright light was shown through motion picture film directly into the camera lens . John Logie Baird began developing the process in 1932 , borrowing the idea of Georg Oskar Schubert from his licensees in Germany , where it was demonstrated by Fernseh AG in 1932 and used for broadcasting in 1934 . The BBC used Baird 's version of the process during the first three months of its then - `` high-definition '' television service from November 1936 through January 1937 , and German television used it during broadcasts of the 1936 Summer Olympics . In both cases , intermediate film cameras alternated with newly introduced direct television cameras . The exposed film , either 35mm or 17.5 mm ( 35mm split in half , to save expense ) , travelled in a continuous band from the camera , usually atop a remote broadcast vehicle , into a machine that developed and fixed the image . The film was then run through a flying spot scanner ( so called because it moved a focused beam of light back and forth across the image ) , and electronically converted from a negative to a positive image . Depending on the equipment , the time from camera to scanner could be a minute or less . An optical soundtrack was recorded onto the film , between the perforations and the edge of the film , at the same time the image was taken to keep the sound and image in synchronization . The intermediate film system , with its expensive film usage and relatively immobile cameras , did have the advantage that it left a filmed record of the programme which could be rerun at a different time , with a better image quality than the later kinescope films , which were shot from a video monitor . Television tubes developed by Farnsworth and Zworykin in the United States , and by EMI in England , with much higher sensitivity to light , made the intermediate film system obsolete by 1937 . Film continued to be used for time-shifting and as a long-term storage until electronic video recorders were invented .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de89e46fdd4c06055a0c65f514e43939", "text": "Henry IV (film) Henry IV ( Enrico IV ) is a 1984 Italian drama film directed by Marco Bellocchio . It is based on the Luigi Pirandello play of the same name and has music by Ástor Piazzolla . It was entered into the 1984 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "599c29dc8db300af7b59491c1385eaf0", "text": "Cranford (TV series) Cranford is a British television series directed by Simon Curtis and Steve Hudson . The teleplay by Heidi Thomas was adapted from three novellas by Elizabeth Gaskell published between 1849 and 1858 : Cranford , My Lady Ludlow , and Mr Harrison 's Confessions . ( `` The Last Generation in England '' was also used as a source . ) The series was transmitted in five parts in the UK by BBC One in November and December 2007 . In the United States , it was broadcast in three episodes by PBS as part of its Masterpiece Theatre series in May 2008 . Cranford returned with a two-part Christmas special Return to Cranford in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72b84b40a6b4cf1e286fdb075590416d", "text": "Ivanhoe (1958 TV series) Ivanhoe is a British television series first shown on ITV in 1958-59 . The show features Roger Moore in his first starring role , as Sir Wilfred of Ivanhoe , in a series of adventures aimed at a children 's audience . The characters were drawn loosely from Sir Walter Scott 's 1819 novel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7996e9d50e5c2d451622f3cef7b81e26", "text": "Analog television Analog television or analogue television is the original television technology that uses analog signals to transmit video and audio . In an analog television broadcast , the brightness , colors and sound are represented by rapid variations of either the amplitude , frequency or phase of the signal . Analog signals vary over a continuous range of possible values which means that electronic noise and interference becomes reproduced by the receiver . So with analog , a moderately weak signal becomes snowy and subject to interference . In contrast , a moderately weak digital signal and a very strong digital signal transmit equal picture quality . Analog television may be wireless or can be distributed over a cable network using cable converters . All broadcast television systems preceding digital transmission of digital television ( DTV ) used analog signals . Analog television around the world has been in the process of shutting down since the late 2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9115f848bafc9464b16dc6c7b86fa11a", "text": "Henry V Henry V may refer to : In people : Henry V , Holy Roman Emperor ( 1081 -- 1125 ) Henry V , Count Palatine of the Rhine ( 1173 -- 1227 ) Henry V , Count of Luxembourg ( 1216 -- 1281 ) Henry V , Duke of Legnica ( c. 1248 -- 1296 ) Henry V of Iron ( c. 1319 -- after 1369 ) , Duke of Żagań , half-Głogów and half-Ścinawa Henry V of England ( 1387 -- 1422 ) Henry V , Duke of Mecklenburg ( 1479 -- 1552 ) Henri , comte de Chambord , nominally Henry V of France , ( 1820 -- 1883 ) Henry V , Count of Gorizia , Count of Gorizia from the Meinhardiner dynasty In arts : Henry V ( play ) , one of the Shakespearean histories , based on the life of King Henry V of England Henry V ( 1944 film ) , a film adaptation of Shakespeare 's play , directed by Laurence Olivier The Life of Henry the Fift ( 1979 film ) , a BBC adaptation of Shakespeare 's play , directed by David Giles Henry V ( 1989 film ) , a film adaptation of Shakespeare 's play , directed by Kenneth Branagh Henry V ( 2012 film ) , a BBC adaptation of Shakespeare 's play , directed by Thea Sharrock In business : Henry V Events , a communications company", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b92424d227240398b78ab3a04ed43df", "text": "Henry Victor Henry Victor ( 2 October 1892 -- 15 March 1945 ) was an English-born character actor who had his highest profile in the silent era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f700d90d1d5300b90ca2215d90297ff0", "text": "The Woman He Loved The Woman He Loved is a 1988 HTV romantic drama television about the abdication of Edward VIII . Directed by Charles Jarrott , it stars Anthony Andrews , Jane Seymour and Olivia de Havilland . Jane Seymour was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Miniseries or Television Film at the 46th Golden Globe Awards and Olivia de Havilland was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie . Costume designer Robin Fraser-Paye was also nominated for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costume Design for a Miniseries or a Special . It was partly shot at Shirenewton Hall in Monmouthshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a39bc6b265c8100112524f8b0eb0f74", "text": "The Thirteenth Tale (film) The Thirteenth Tale is a British drama television film that first broadcast on BBC Two on 30 December 2013 . It is an adaptation of Diane Setterfield 's gothic novel The Thirteenth Tale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7af77b7e6c4d952eb18e58021ef1cc16", "text": "Henry VI, Part 1 Henry VI , Part 1 , often referred to as 1 Henry VI , is a history play by William Shakespeare , and possibly Christopher Marlowe and/or Thomas Nashe , believed to have been written in 1591 , and set during the lifetime of King Henry VI of England . Whereas Henry VI , Part 2 deals with the King 's inability to quell the bickering of his nobles , and the inevitability of armed conflict , and Henry VI , Part 3 deals with the horrors of that conflict , Henry VI , Part 1 deals with the loss of England 's French territories and the political machinations leading up to the Wars of the Roses , as the English political system is torn apart by personal squabbles and petty jealousy . Although the Henry VI trilogy may not have been written in chronological order , the three plays are often grouped together with Richard III to form a tetralogy covering the entire Wars of the Roses saga , from the death of Henry V in 1422 to the rise to power of Henry VII in 1485 . It was the success of this sequence of plays that firmly established Shakespeare 's reputation as a playwright . Some regard Henry VI , Part 1 as the weakest of Shakespeare 's plays and , along with Titus Andronicus , it is generally considered one of the strongest candidates for evidence that Shakespeare collaborated with other dramatists early in his career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ddc8143072201303b768ab27fda6d0a", "text": "Moby Dick (2011 miniseries) Moby Dick is a television miniseries based on Herman Melville 's 1851 novel of the same name , produced by Tele München Gruppe , with Gate Film , In association with RTH/ORF . Starring William Hurt as Captain Ahab , it was directed by Mike Barker with a screenplay by Nigel Williams . The cast also includes Ethan Hawke as Starbuck , Charlie Cox as Ishmael , Eddie Marsan as Stubb , Gillian Anderson as Ahab 's wife , Elizabeth and Donald Sutherland as Father Mapple .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87ff74b13f70054b3dab5e7148bfcfbd", "text": "Young Bess Young Bess is a 1953 Technicolor biographical film made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer about the early life of Elizabeth I , from her turbulent childhood to the eve of her accession to the throne of England . The film starred Jean Simmons and Stewart Granger as Thomas Seymour , with Charles Laughton as Elizabeth 's father , Henry VIII , a part he had played twenty years before in The Private Life of Henry VIII . The film was directed by George Sidney and produced by Sidney Franklin , from a screenplay by and Arthur Wimperis based on the novel by Margaret Irwin ( 1944 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c779eabf564b16a540361559dda3de2", "text": "North One Television North One Television is a television production company based in London and Birmingham , England , and Sydney , Australia . It was originally known as Chrysalis Television and is now part of All3Media . Notable programmes produced include Formula 1 coverage on ITV for ITV Sport , Football Italia , ASBO Teen to Beauty Queen , The Gadget Show and Fifth Gear . North One Television has won the tender for a programme to accompany Channel 4 's Formula 1 coverage from 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6af7a0282c65e446ecd4ae03f63be146", "text": "King Lear (1953 film) King Lear is a 1953 live television adaptation of the Shakespeare play staged by Peter Brook and starring Orson Welles . Preserved on kinescope , it aired October 18 , 1953 , as part of the CBS television series Omnibus , hosted by Alistair Cooke . The cast includes Micheál Mac Liammóir and Alan Badel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d52afbddcaf3ee7dfb09a53d9f5e28f", "text": "Twelfth Night (1966 film) Twelfth Night is a 1966 Australian TV version of the play by William Shakespeare . It starred Roger Climpson and Helen Morse and was directed by Ken Hannam . It screened as part of Wednesday Theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7edf40c04c99285584ae7f393107489", "text": "English Shakespeare Company The English Shakespeare Company was an English theatre company founded in 1986 by Michael Bogdanov and Michael Pennington to present and promote the works of William Shakespeare on both a national and an international level . Its inaugural production ( 1986 ) was an anthology entitled The Henrys ( Henry IV , Part 1 , Henry IV , Part 2 , and Henry V ) which opened at the Theatre Royal , Plymouth in December 1986 . A year later , several more plays ( Richard II , Henry VI : House of Lancaster , Henry VI : House of York and Richard III ) were added to the original productions and were presented as a complete history cycle under the title of The Wars of the Roses . The production toured for two years in seventeen venues in the UK including the Old Vic in London , as well as appearing at several international venues , including the Hong Kong Festival , opening the new Tokyo Globe Theatre , being the centrepiece of The World Theatre Festival of Chicago , and touring to Stamford , Connecticut , the Spoleto Festival , Melbourne , the Adelaide Festival , Brisbane , The Netherlands , Hamburg , Berlin and Frankfurt . In addition to The Wars of the Roses , productions of many individual Shakespeare plays were also presented . They included Twelfth Night , Macbeth , The Tempest , Romeo & Juliet , Antony and Cleopatra and As You Like It . The last production of ROMEO AND JULIET . indeed the closing production ended in Plymouth after touring the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "980b2e5eac76e08f79cae081ec31a66b", "text": "Henry IV (Pirandello) Henry IV ( -LSB- enˈriːko ˈkwarto -RSB- ) is an Italian play ( Enrico IV ) by Luigi Pirandello written in 1921 and premiered to general acclaim at the Teatro Manzoni in Milan on 24 February 1922 . A study on madness with comic and tragic elements , it is about a man who believes himself to be Henry IV , Holy Roman Emperor . It has been translated into English by Tom Stoppard , among others . Rex Harrison starred in a noted British production which went to Broadway in 1973 , though the Stoppard translation was not used in the production .", "title": "" } ]	fever

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